Ch 19, Sec 4: America Enters the War Goals for Today: •  Explain how Roosevelt helped Britain while maintaining official neutrality. •  IdenHfy the events that led to increasing tensions, and ulHmately war, between the U.S. and Japan. Neutrality Act of 1939 •  Roosevelt said the U.S. was neutral in the war –  Declared this aOer Britain and France declared war on Germany aOer it invaded Poland •  Allowed warring countries to buy weapons from the U.S. –  Wanted to help Britain/France legally –  Those countries had to send their own ships and pay for supplies in cash Loophole in the Neutrality Act •  Britain needed warships/Roosevelt wanted to help •  U.S. gave 50 destroyers for BriHsh land to build U.S. bases in the Caribbean and in Newfoundland –  No sale=American Neutrality •  Supported by most Americans ElecHon of 1940 •  Roosevelt ran for a 3rd term vs. Wendell Willkie •  Both candidates wanted to support the war but not get dragged into it •  FDR won Lend-­‐Lease Act •  Another loop-­‐hole in the Neutrality Act •  Britain was out of money to pay for guns •  Now, the U.S. could lend arms to countries if the deal is helping in the defense of the U.S. •  Countries (Britain/later Russia) would borrow weapons or get weapons and pay for them later –  $40 billion of supplies were given out Hemispheric Defense Zone •  U.S. supplies had to get to the war •  German subs were sHll sinking ships •  U.S. ships were used to spot German subs and report their locaHon to BriHsh warships •  Led to tensions between the U.S. and Germany Export Control Act •  Limited the sale of war materials to other countries •  Used against Japan in 1940 –  Japan got 80% of their oil, iron, and steel from the U.S. •  Resulted in Japan joining the alliance with Germany and Italy Lend-­‐Lease aid to China •  U.S. sent ships to help BriHsh colonies in Asia •  U.S. sent military supplies to China –  U.S. wanted to He up Japan so they could not fight in the war (idea did not work) –  Japan forced to aback BriHsh colonies for supplies/started to plan an aback on the U.S. •  FDR sent Gen. MacArthur to build up an army in the Philippines for protecHon Japan Threatens to Aback •  Nov 26, 1941-­‐ 6 aircraO carriers, 2 bableships, and several other ships leO Japan for Hawaii •  U.S. intel uncovered Japan’s threat –  Nov 27-­‐Washington sent out a warning to West Coast naval bases (Hawaii was not on the list) –  Other military branches did not get any intel Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Abacked •  Japanese fleet abacked on Dec 7, 1941 –  21 ships were damaged/sunk, 188 planes were destroyed, and 2,403 were killed along with 1,178 people injured –  FDR called for war the next day U.S. at War •  Dec 8, 1941-­‐U.S. is officially in the war against Japan •  Dec 11, 1941-­‐Germany/Italy declared war on the U.S. Why did Germany/Italy declare war on the U.S.? •  They did not have to go to war with U.S. •  Terms of the alliance said both countries only had to go to war if Japan was abacked •  Germany declared war due to the U.S. sub policy in the AtlanHc Ocean •  Germany hoped to defeat the U.S. quickly and for help from Japan to defeat Russia