Smarr Publishers English for Classical Studies A Student’s Companion to Treasure Island by Abigail E. Schoolfield Copyright © Watson Educational Services, Inc., 2006 All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information, please write Smarr Publishers, 4917 High Falls Road—Suite 201, Jackson, Georgia 30233 or call (678) 774–8374. Any edition of the text is compatible with the study guide. $9.95 IN USA Treasure Island / 1 T Introduction to Treasure Island HE following tale of piracy and treasure hunting is more than just a merry adventure across the seas. Robert Louis Stevenson has produced a tremendous work that is a classic in the study of good and evil. Within the pages of this book are some of the most memorable characters ever found in literature. From the brave, young man, Jim Hawkins, to the evil Pew, you will confront human nature at its best and at its worst. Also, this study of good and evil is combined into one person—Long John Silver. There will be times when you will dislike the man; yet at other times, Long John Silver will become very dear to your heart. Treasure Island will test the full range of your emotions, from love to hate, and from joy to fear. Born in Edinburgh, Scotland, Stevenson suffered from poor health as a child. Nevertheless, as a young man, Stevenson graduated from law school, but he never practiced law. His desire was to write, and since his health was seldom good, Stevenson journeyed across the world looking for a suitable climate, while collecting material for his later works. For awhile, Stevenson married and lived in California. Stevenson is remembered today as an author who wrote merely for reading enjoyment. His tales are simply delightful and fun. In addition to Treasure Island (1882), Stevenson is known for his Kidnapped (1886) and Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1886). Not only was Stevenson a great writer of prose fiction, but he was an excellent poet as well. His Child’s Garden of Verses is still a children’s classic read today. In this guide, many of the vocabulary words center on terms concerning ships and seafaring. Sailors have always used a unique vocabulary, and you should learn the meaning of these terms. So, get ready to board the Hispaniola and to have a great and unforgettable adventure. ABIGAIL E. SCHOOLFIELD 2 / Treasure Island Treasure Island Lesson One 1.1 Vocabulary connoisseur n. hawker n. cutlass n. tallow n. lancet n. 1.2 Analogy Exercises 1. CONNOISSEUR : FINE ART : : (A) teacher : science (B) appraiser : house (C) conjuror : law (D) chef : fork (E) police : prison 2. HAWKER : MERCHANT : : (A) baseball : diamond (B) cabbage : garden (C) sparrow : sky (D) frigate : ship (E) pawn : chest 3. CUTLASS : SAILOR : : (A) plume : musketeer (B) chalk : professor (C) rope : cowboy (D) tank : general (E) lance : knight 4. TALLOW : FAT : : (A) sidewalk : cafe (B) stars : planets (C) diamond : gem (D) beef : cow (E) sailfish : reef 5. LANCET : DOCTOR : : (A) pen : writer (B) scissors : seamstress (C) mule : farmer (D) gavel : judge (E) shovel : grave robber 1.3 Reading Assignment: Treasure Island, Chapters 1-2 Treasure Island / 3 1.4 Recall Questions 1. What was the name of the inn that Jim Hawkins’ father owned? 2. What sort of man was the captain and what effect did he have on the people that passed through the inn? 3. What did the captain tell the boy to look out for? 4. The argument between Dr. Livesey and the captain was about what? 5. Describe the man that arrived to see the captain. 6. According to the stranger, what is the “great thing for boys”? 7. What happened to the captain after the stranger left? 8. What warning did the doctor give him? 1.5 Critical Thinking: Except for Dr. Livesey, everyone who came to the “Admiral Benbow” feared the captain. Why do you suppose Dr. Livesey is not afraid of the captain? Dr. Livesey warns the captain that he will die and “go to his own place, like the man in the Bible.” What man in the Bible is Dr. Livesey referring to? What does Dr. Livesey mean when he refers to the tattoo on the captain’s arm as “prophetic.” 1.6 Bonus Thought: Yo-ho-ho: The song that the captain sings, “Fifteen men on the dead man’s chest, Yo-ho-ho and a bottle of rum...” was not a real song during the setting of this story. Stevenson invented these few lines for Treasure Island. Stevenson apparently found the name “dead man’s chest” in a book by Charles Kingsley called At Last: A Christmas in the West Indies. Young E. Allison later expanded those lines into a poem called “Derelict.” In 1901 the poem was set to music for a stage show. There are various theories as to exactly what “dead man’s chest” refers to. Many believe the phrase refers to a part of the Virgin Islands called Dead Man’s Chest. According to legend, the pirate Blackbeard marooned fifteen of his men on Dead Man’s Chest, and left them one sword and one bottle of rum. 4 / Treasure Island Treasure Island Lesson Two 2.1 Vocabulary berth n. apoplexy n. hamlet n. quadrant n. cannikin n. miscreant n. 1.2 Analogy Exercises 1. BERTH : SLEEPING : : (A) compass : navigating (B) knife : sharpening (C) bank : spending (D) breadth : folding (E) cellar : dining 2. BLOOD : APOPLEXY : : (A) air : breathing (B) money : savings (C) wind : hurricane (D) food : starvation (E) smile : joy 3. HAMLET : COMMUNITY : : (A) church : singing (B) school : math (C) parent : child (D) republic : government (E) dog : feline 4. QUADRANT : ALTITUDE : : (A) compass : hiking (B) sword : wound (C) thermometer : temperature (D) hydrant : water (E) gyro : balance 5. CANNIKIN : WATER : : (A) radio : sound (B) newspaper : comics (C) ship : ocean (D) cage : canary (E) motorist : ticket 6. SAINT : MISCREANT : : Treasure Island / 5 (A) brother : sister (B) math : arithmetic (C) volcano : lava (D) comrade : foe (E) Congress : school board 2.3 Reading Assignment: Treasure Island, Chapters 3-5 2.4 Recall Questions 1. What is it that the men who are after the captain want? 2. What happened after the strange blind man left? 3. Why did the people refuse to help Jim and his mother? 4. What did Jim find lying close to the captain’s body? 5. What did Jim and his mother decide to do after they heard the blind man and the whistle outside the inn? 6. What happened in the middle of the seamen’s arguing that made them all run away except the blind man? 7. What happened to the blind man? 8. What was it that the men were really after instead of the money? 2.5 Critical Thinking: Compare and contrast Pew’s visit to the inn with Black Dog’s visit. How are Pew and Black Dog different or similar in their treatment of Jim Hawkins and their affect on the Captain? Although they gave Jim a pistol and promised to have horses ready, the men of the village refused to assist Jim and his mother in any other way. Is this truly cowardly and contrary to the behavior of Christian men? Were the men right to stay in their homes to protect their own families, or should they have gone with Jim and his mother? How does Jim’s mother prove herself to be braver than Jim’s father, Jim himself, and the village men? 2.6 Bonus Thought: Yellow Jack: “Yellow Jack,” which the captain refers to at the beginning of chapter three, is a nickname for a virus transmitted by mosquitoes called yellow fever. The disease got its name because of the jaundice-like symptoms in some patients, which include a yellowing of the skin. Although yellow fever is prominent in Africa, South and Central America, and the 6 / Treasure Island Caribbean, there have been several epidemics in North America and Europe as well. The treatment for yellow fever is for the symptoms only. Although there are preventative measures such as a vaccine and mosquito control, there is no known cure for yellow fever. Treasure Island Lesson Three 3.1 Vocabulary deuce n. tarpaulin n. quay n. 3.2 Analogy Exercises 1. DEUCE : DEVIL : : (A) paradise : island (B) fishing : vacation (C) the Almighty : God (D) dice : “snake-eyes” (E) train : track 2. TARPAULIN : RAIN : : (A) hammer : nails (B) army : soldiers (C) net : fish (D) armor : weapons (E) horse : thief 3. QUAY : WHARF : : (A) continent : earth (B) gopher : rat (C) tome : book (D) spoon : cup (E) chair : cushion 3.3 Reading Assignment: Treasure Island, Chapters 6-7 3.4 Recall Questions 1. What did Squire Trelawney and Dr. Livesey discover in the oilskin packet? 2. What did the pictures of crosses they found in the book represent? 3. What is the plan the Squire makes with Dr. Livesey after they study the map? 4. What news did the Squire’s letter to Dr. Livesey bring? Treasure Island / 7 5. What promise was broken that the Squire revealed in his letter? 6. Who did the Squire find to help him hire a crew? 7. How long did Jim have to visit his mother before they were to leave for the island? 8. What was Jim’s first impressions of the sea and the sailors? 3.5 Critical Thinking: In what ways is the Squire as boyish as Jim is, despite the difference in their ages and stations in life? 3.6 Bonus Thought: “X” marks the spot: Although common in fiction, the treasure map is not common in reality. There are various historical accounts of pirates such as Sir Frances Drake and Captain Kidd burying treasure, but there is no evidence that these pirates drew a map. Most pirates buried their treasures for only a short time, and then returned for it. 8 / Treasure Island Treasure Island Lesson Four 4.1 Vocabulary quid n. nautical adj. keel n. lanyard n. grog n. duff n. 4.2 Analogy Exercises 1. QUID : CHEW : : (A) needle : lose (B) criminal : elect (C) ball : throw (D) lion : milk (E) president : legislate 2. NAUTICAL : OCEAN : : (A) psychological : mind (B) medical : science (C) educational : book (D) political : king (E) mathematical : geometry 3. KEEL : SHIP : : (A) heel : shoe (B) needle : fir (C) backbone : human (D) tires : car (E) wings : airplane 4. LANYARD : SECURE : : (A) waterfall : build (B) umbrella : walk (C) suitcase : drive (D) joke : amuse (E) job : play 5. GROG : LIQUOR : : (A) plug : sink (B) calf : cow (C) brine : salt (D) classroom : recess (E) jury : verdict 6. DUFF : BREAD : : Treasure Island / 9 (A) newspaper : reporter (B) military : war (C) diamond : ring (D) gypsy : clown (E) taffy : candy 4.3 Reading Assignment: Treasure Island, Chapters 8-10 4.4 Recall Questions 1. What description does Jim notice John Silver fits? 2. Who does Jim see running out the door when he goes to John Silver’s house? 3. Explain Captain Smollett’s feelings about the cruise? 4. What three requests does Captain Smollett make to the squire and Dr. Livesey? 5. How did Jim and the squire feel about the captain? 6. Describe Mr. Arrow’s failings as a mate. What eventually happened to him? 7. What was Long John Silver’s nickname among the crew? 8. What was the name of John Silver’s parrot? 9. What phrase did the parrot continually repeat? 10. What were the general feelings of the passengers and crew of the HISPANIOLA during this period? 4.5 Critical Thinking: Compare and contrast the two newest characters in the story, Captain Smollett and Long John Silver. In what ways are they similar and different? Why do you think Squire Trelawney and Jim dislike Captain Smollet, but like Long John Silver? 4.6 Bonus Thought: Origin of Long John Silver: Long John Silver is probably the most well-known and memorable character from the novel. Almost everyone is familiar with the fast-food chain named after Long John Silver, and he has been portrayed many times in television and movies. There is even a fictional biography of Silver called Long John Silver. Stevenson got the idea for Long John Silver from a friend named William Henley, who was also crippled and leaned on a crutch. Like Long John Silver, Henley was clever, likeable, and intimidating in spite of his handicap. 10 / Treasure Island Treasure Island Lesson Five 5.1 Vocabulary forelock n. 5.2 Analogy Exercises HAIR : FORELOCK : : (A) ship : forecastle (B) weather : storm (C) company : foreman (D) notes : composition (E) spell : warlock 5.3 Reading Assignment: Treasure Island, Chapters 11-12 5.4 Recall Questions 1. How was Jim able to overhear Silver’s conversation with two other sailors? 2. What plan does Jim hear Silver discussing with the sailors? 3. According to Silver, who is the only person that Captain Flint ever feared? 4. Why did Silver want to wait until they got the treasure and got back on the ship before they revealed their plan? 5. Which one of the men did Silver especially want to kill? 6. How does Jim react to what he hears and what does he do about it? 7. Why does Captain Smollett decide that it is better for them to just wait and be careful instead of having a showdown? 8. How many men did they know for sure they could trust? 5.5 Critical Thinking: Jim becomes angry when he hears Long John Silver speak to Dick in the same way Silver had always spoken to Jim. Why does Silver’s flattering words lose all their value with Jim at this point? After Jim overhears Long John Silver’s conversation with the other mutineers, how does traditional authority on the Hispaniola change? Discuss. Treasure Island / 11 5.6 Bonus Thought: Who is Israel Hands?: Israel Hands was a real pirate in the early 1700s. Hands was second in command under the pirate Edward Teach, also known as Blackbeard. Reportedly, Hands is said to have died a beggar in London. Treasure Island Lesson Six 6.1 Vocabulary scupper n. scour n. gig n. bramble n. thatch n. aperture n. 6.2 Sentence Completion Exercises 1. While the firs and pines in the forest were majestic, our hiking was made very difficult due to all of the biers and ___________________ that grow across the pathway. 2. While we made a missionary journey to Panama, we were amazed that so many families lived in homes that used __________________ for the roof, instead of shingles. 3. Since his boat was the only one in working order, the ship’s captain permitted his crew to go ashore in his ______________. 4. The ____________________ were large enough to remove the water that poured upon the ship’s deck. 5. We stopped laughing when Jack fell into a deep _________________, because we discovered that he broke his leg. 6. Since this location is known for very hard rains, a ______________ developed along the side of this canyon. 6.3 Reading Assignment: Treasure Island, Chapters 13-15 6.4 Recall Questions 1. Describe Treasure Island and Jim’s impression of it. 2. Why did the Captain let the men spend the afternoon ashore? 3. What did Jim decide to do when the men went ashore? 4. What were John Silver and the sailor talking about when Jim overheard? 12 / Treasure Island 5. What happened that infuriated the sailor and made Silver kill him? 6. What did Jim do after witnessing the murder? 7. What happened to the man that Jim ran into and how long had he been on the island? 8. What does Ben Gunn ask of Jim in return for helping him and his friends? 9. How did Ben Gunn come to be marooned on the island? 10. What sound startled Jim and Ben as they talked? 6.5 Critical Thinking: How does Jim mature and learn how to make the best of his situation in these chapters? How are the deaths that Jim Hawkins sees and hears different from the deaths he witnessed in the earlier chapters? How do these deaths change Jim’s perception of death? Is Ben Gunn’s survival on the island a blessing? Would Ben Gunn be better off dead under the circumstances? 6.6 Bonus Thought: Marooning: Pirates in the 17th and 18th centuries practiced marooning as a punishment for crewmen who broke the ship’s rules. Mutineers also would sometimes maroon their captains. Not only would pirates maroon their shipmates, they would also maroon people on board a ship they had captured. Captain William Greenaway was marooned for refusing to turn pirate. Although most marooned men did not survive, some, such as William Greenaway and the pirate Edward England, managed to escape or to be rescued. Treasure Island / 13 Treasure Island Lesson Seven 7.1 Vocabulary dysentery n. gallipot n. gunwale n. bandoleer n. 7.2 Sentence Completion Exercises 1. When I was a sailor on board ship, my job was to paint the ____________, which is the upper edge of the side of the ship. 2. The people began complaining about stomach cramps; there-fore, the doctor believed that there was an outbreak of __________________ and that it was caused by bad drinking water. 3. The old man must have been a hypochondriac, since we found dozens of small ________________ that contained medicine for every conceivable illness. 4. Our vacation to Mexico had an interesting twist when some bandits, sporting their large sombreros and _______________ holding many bullets, stopped our car. 7.3 Reading Assignment: Treasure Island, Chapters 16-17 7.4 Recall Questions 1. Who takes over the narration starting with chapter sixteen? 2. What keeps the good men on board from just killing the six mutineers still on board and heading for sea? 3. Briefly explain the plan the doctor and captain used to abandon the ship. 4. What made the doctor think that Jim was dead? 5. What did Captain Smollet do just before leaving the Hispaniola? 6. Why were they having so much trouble steering the Jolly-boat? 7. What on board the HISPANIOLA had they forgotten about that the pirates used to stop them from getting ashore? 8. Why did the men have to allow the Jolly-boat to sink? 14 / Treasure Island 7.5 Critical Thinking: Why do you think Stevenson switches narrators for these chapters? Is this effective? How does this narrator’s style differ from Jim’s? 7.6 Bonus Thought: Point of view: As a literary term, a point of view is the perspective from which an author chooses to write his work. Some authors write their stories from a third person omniscient point of view. The omniscient view means that the narrator is outside the story and knows everything about all the characters, including their thoughts and feelings. Jane Austen is an example of an author who used the omniscient point of view. The third person limited point of view is used when the narrator only has knowledge of the thoughts and feelings of a single character, or at least a limited number of characters. In Treasure Island, Stevenson does not use either of these third person narrations. Instead, Stevenson chooses to tell the story in first person. The first person limits the narration to only what the narrator knows and feels, or what he can find out from others. Other examples of stories that use first person narrative are Great Expectations and David Copperfield by Charles Dickens, Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe, and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain. Treasure Island / 15 Treasure Island Lesson Eight 8.1 Vocabulary priming n. volley n. palisade n. morass n. 8.2 Sentence Completion Exercises 1. At the battle of Bunker Hill, the patriots waited until they could see the whites of the soldier’s eyes; then they fired a great ___________________ of lead from their muskets. 2. The young man began his military career with the artillery by ___________________ the cannon. 3. The work on the new building proceeding very slowly due to the _____________________ of important details and specifications. 4. One of the first tasks that Robinson Crusoe completed was to build a _________________ around his cave which protected him from approaching men and animals. 8.3 Reading Assignment: Treasure Island, Chapters 18-20 8.4 Recall Questions 1. What tragedy occurred during the fighting? 2. When Gray went to get supplies what had happened to them? 3. Whose voice did they hear outside the cabin? 4. What does Ben Gunn ask Jim to do for him? 5. What does the doctor have in his snuff box and what does he do with it? 6. What do they see the pirates doing early the next morning? 7. What title has Long John Silver given himself when he approaches the stockade? 8. What request did John Silver make to the captain? 9. What proposal does Silver make to the captain and how does the captain respond? 16 / Treasure Island 8.5 Critical Thinking: In what ways do Captain Smollett and his men exhibit an orderliness and social cohesion that the pirates do not have? Compare and contrast the two different societies in today’s reading. When Tom Redruth is shot and killed, Captain Smollett says that “all’s well with him” because he died in the line of duty. Does being honorable and true to his duties really help a man get to Heaven? Why or why not? 8.6 Bonus Thought: Society and emergencies: Jim’s friends find themselves having to create a society based on a current emergency which meant either life or death. In cases of emergencies, suspension of “normal” societal values may be necessary. An interesting British court case was Regina v. Dudley and Stephens in 1884. After their ship had sunk, the crew found itself in a small lifeboat. After existing for days without food or water, two of the survivors decided to kill Richard Parker, the cabin boy, in order to eat his flesh. Parker by this time was unconscious and about to die. Since there was no guarantee that the crew would be rescued in the near future, the boy’s throat was cut. As it turned out, the survivors were rescued four days later by a German vessel. A jury acquitted the men of murder, because the court reasoned that the men in the lifeboat constituted a new society where the acknowledged rules of social behavior did not apply. However, upon review, the high court decided the men were indeed guilty of murder. What the court feared was that the opinion of the lower court would open the door for all sorts of foul play. This case is still debated whether the appeal decision was correct. By the way, the accused were sentenced to death, but Queen Victoria commuted the sentence to six months in prison. The point here is that emergencies are rare in life, such as famines and wars, being times of high risk to life and to property. But the modern state is constantly declaring a new emergency that will never end. A few examples include the war on poverty, the war on drugs, and the war on terrorism. A society cannot be governed as if life is one emergency after another. Indeed, to live in a risk-free society is to live in a society that is devoid of liberty. Flag of the Pirate: The Jolly Roger is the name given to any flag that pirates fly to identify themselves. Although the best known Jolly Roger design is the skull and crossbones against a black background, some pirates used other designs for their flags, such as a figure stabbing a heart with a spear. Some pirates, especially in the 1600s, used a red flag instead of a black one. Emanuel Wynn is the first known pirate to use the skull and crossbones against a black background in 1700. In modern times, since the decline of piracy, some military units will use the Jolly Roger with the skull and crossbones design. This modern use of the flag is supposedly not to show that the users are pirates, but that they have the traditional toughness of the pirates of old. There are several different theories as to how the Jolly Roger got its name. One of the most accepted theories is that the word roger comes from the English word “rogue,” and was meant to refer to a vagabond or the Devil. In any case, the flag was originally called the Old Roger, which is a term used for the Devil, but apparently acquired the name Jolly Roger in the early 18th century. Treasure Island / 17 Treasure Island Lesson Nine 9.1 Vocabulary resin n. trice n. thwart n. propulsion n. truantry n. 9.2 Analogy Exercises 1. RESIN : LACQUER : : (A) thread : cotton (B) cake : egg (C) sailors : ship (D) rose extract : perfume (E) pencil : eraser 2. TRICE : EON : : (A) wage : inheritance (B) miniscule : gigantic (C) history : epoch (D) offer : rejection (E) river : sea 3. THWART : SITTING : : (A) pennant : cheering (B) gangway : walking (C) elevator : talking (D) wall : building (E) sidewalk : shopping 4.PUSH : PROPULSION : : (A) cut : stem (B) steal : prison (C) cook : roast (D) inquire : investigation (E) meddle : liaison 5. DESERTION : TRUANTRY : : (A) church : Bible (B) fire : smoke (C) drama : stage (D) associate : companion (E) wheelbarrow : garden 9.3 Reading Assignment: Treasure Island, Chapters 21-22 18 / Treasure Island 9.4 Recall Questions 1. Why was the captain angry at the doctor and the squire? 2. How many pirates fell during the attack? 3. Where did the doctor go after dinner? 4. For what purpose does Jim decide to sneak away? 5. What was the source of the “unearthly” screaming Jim heard as he watched the pirates? 6. What was the one advantage Jim noticed about Ben Gunn’s boat? 7. What other idea did Jim get later that evening? 9.5 Critical Thinking: Jim states that the way he left the stockade was so wrong that it made his purpose for leaving wrong, although there was nothing wrong with the purpose itself. Is it true that doing something the wrong way or for the wrong reason will make the thing itself wrong in itself? Why or why not? 9.6 Bonus Thought: French leave: Jim refers to his sneaking away from the stockade as taking “French leave.” French leave is a term that comes from the many years of conflict and dislike between the French and the English. To take French leave means to leave a party or gathering without taking leave of the host, or to leave in a hurried or secret manner. “Filer à l’anglaise” is the French equivalent, and means to take English leave. What is a coracle?: Jim says that Ben Gunn’s boat looks like a coracle used by the ancient Britons. A coracle is a small, oval-shaped boat which has been used for centuries in the British Isles. Julius Caesar noticed the coracle during his invasion of Britain and must have been impressed with it. Caesar not only left a description of the coracle, but also used it in his Spanish campaign. Coracle Treasure Island / 19 Treasure Island Lesson Ten 10.1 Vocabulary hawser n. incessant adj. phosphorescent adj. gilt n. 10.2 Sentence Completion Exercises 1. Even though what he says is interesting, Mr. Whatley often loses his audience by his ________________ laughing at his own jokes. 2. As our ship came closer to the dock, the boatswain threw a _______________ which the sailors on the dock used to moor our ship. 3. The thieves were very upset to learn that the gold bars that they had daringly stolen were nothing more than lead, covered by a thin layer of ____________. 4. As the sun slowly disappeared beyond the horizon, the sea became illuminated with a ___________________ glow that held my gaze. 10.3 Reading Assignment: Treasure Island, Chapters 23-25 10.4 Recall Questions 1. What does Jim overhear as he cuts the anchor rope of the Hispaniola? 2. Why did it take the sailors on the Hispaniola so long to discover that their ship was moving? 3. Why does Jim decide not to land at Haulbowline Head? 4. What does Jim notice about the Hispaniola when he sees it up ahead of him? 5. What does Jim discover has happened to the sailors when he leaps aboard the Hispaniola? 6. In what condition does Jim find the interior of the HISPANIOLA? 7. What bargain does Jim make with Mr. Hands? 20 / Treasure Island 10.5 Critical Thinking: Jim is the only character that appears in all of chapter 24. Why does Stevenson focus so much on Jim? Why is this effective? The Hispaniola, as Jim approaches her, is tossing from side to side while speeding up one minute and slowing down the next. How does the chaotic course of the Hispaniola mirror the lives of the pirates who overtook her? 10.6 Bonus Thought: In chapter 24, Jim refers to a bowsprit and a jibboom. A bowsprit is a large spar or pole projecting from a ship’s bow. The bowsprit helps to anchor the forestays and masts, which hold up the ship’s sails. A jibboom is an extension of the bowsprit. Bowsprit Jibboom Treasure Island / 21 Treasure Island Lesson Eleven 11.1 Vocabulary estuary n. tiller n. feint n. halyard n. circumspect adj. 11.2 Analogy Exercises 1. ESTUARY : SEA : : (A) foothills : mountains (B) living room : basement (C) canary : cage (D) monster : imagination (E) baseball : football 2. TILLER : STEERING : : (A) bank : fishing (B) fudge : frying (C) towel : drying (D) rake : falling (E) comb : reading 3. FEINT : DECEPTION : : (A) jury : legislation (B) student : education (C) war : occupation (D) applause : approbation (E) English : interpretation 4. HALYARD : RAISE : : (A) generator : spend (B) hawser : moor (C) handle : toss (D) pulley : weigh (E) boxer : win 5. CIRCUMSPECT : CARELESSNESS : : (A) slushy : drizzle (B) specious : evil (C) honest : frankness (D) ghostly : apparition (E) trustful : suspiciousness 11.3 Reading Assignment: Treasure Island, Chapters 26-27 22 / Treasure Island 11.4 Recall Questions 1. What does Israel Hands ask Jim to get him from the cabin? 2. What does Jim see Hands doing? 3. When Hands tells Jim that he thinks he will not live long, what does Jim suggest Hands do? 4. Why were Jim’s guns at first useless to him in defending himself? 5. How did Mr. Hands finally die? 6. What does Jim see as he goes back to the stockade? 7. Whom does Jim find sleeping in the cabin when he returns? 11.5 Critical Thinking: What differences between the good men and the pirates are shown through Jim and Israel Hands in these chapters? Although Jim is a good boy who dislikes piracy and evil, he engages in the pirate-like action of dumping O’Brien’s body overboard, in spite of his earlier objections. Why do you suppose Jim does this? Discuss. How does Captain Flint’s exclamation “Pieces of eight!” reflect the ultimate goal of both the pirates and the good men? 11.6 Bonus Thought: The Day of Judgment: For centuries in England, people believed that in order for a body to rise on judgement day, the body had to be whole. Even today the British are somewhat particular about respect for dead bodies. This may explain the objections of Jim Hawkins to dumping O’Brien’s body overboard. Treasure Island / 23 Treasure Island Lesson Twelve 12.1 Vocabulary truculent adj. furtive adj. incongruous adj. pestiferous adj. volubility n. 12.2 Sentence Completion Exercises 1. The Hebrews caused Moses to break the tables of stone after he observed their _________________ conduct of violating the very first commandment. 2. Mr. Jones always did have a fighting spirit; so I was not surprised to learn that he gave a ______________ speech opposing new taxes to the city council. 3. Our neighbor wants to become mayor of our city; his _____________ may help him in that he is very fluent with language. 4. In The Man in the Iron Mask, with utmost secrecy, Artemis devised a ________________ plot to depose the king of France, Louis XIV, with his twin brother, Philip. 5. John’s whispering to Susan during the preaching was ______________ with the pastor’s endeavor to offer solemn instruction from God’s word. 12.3 Reading Assignment: Treasure Island, Chapters 28-31 12.4 Recall Questions 1. How many pirates were left alive when Jim returned to the cabin? 2. How did Silver and his group take possession of the cabin? 3. How did Silver’s men react when Jim told them he had always known about their plot? 4. What deal did Silver make with Jim? 5. What did the men give Silver when they re-entered the house and how had they attained it? 6. Who arrived at the house early the next morning? 7. Why did Jim refuse to escape with the doctor? 24 / Treasure Island 8. What warning does the doctor give to Silver? 9. What plan does Silver tell to his men that makes Jim’s fears return? 10. What did Silver, Jim, and the other men find when they went looking for the treasure and what does it mean? 12.5 Critical Thinking: Even the pirates seem to have a certain respect for the Bible in spite of their wicked lifestyles. Why do you suppose this is so? How does the verse from Revelation reflect the situations of Jim Hawkins and Long John Silver? Jim refuses to follow Dr. Livesey’s suggestion of breaking his word to Silver and running away with Dr. Livesey. Do you think Jim is right to keep his word to Silver, even though Silver is a wicked man and a murderer? Why or why not? 12.6 Bonus Thought: Shiver my timbers: The phrase “shiver my timbers,” which the pirates use throughout the novel is used in many other works of fiction by pirates and seaman. Even Popeye used the phrase. The phrase expresses surprise or annoyance, and is similar to “Blow me down.” “Shiver my timbers” refers to the timbers of a ship when a storm or heavy seas causes the timbers to shiver. It is based on real life eighteenth-century slang “timbers!” or “my timbers!,” which is similar to “my goodness.” Some variations of “shiver my timbers” are “shiver my hulk,” “shiver my sides,” “shiver my soul,” and “shake up your timbers.” Although other authors have used the phrase, Stevenson’s Long John Silver is the character that made it popular. Who is Davy Jones? The expression “Davy Jones” is a personification of the sea. It is also used as a euphemism for drowning at sea. Gibbet: Jim Hawkins and other characters refer to a gibbet in these chapters. A gibbet some times refers to a gallows, but it can also mean a device from which the bodies of executed criminals were hung on display for a period of time as a warning to other would-be criminals. In London, pirates were often gibbeted at a place called Execution Dock. Treasure Island / 25 Treasure Island Lesson Thirteen 13.1 Vocabulary excavation n. dereliction n. obsequious adj. 13.4 Analogy Exercises 1. EXCAVATION : HOLE : : (A) socks : feet (B) riot : disturbance (C) rain : thunder (D) explanation : question (E) forest : timber 2. OBSERVANCE : DERELICTION : : (A) reality : rude (B) sly : crafty (C) hatred : hope (D) viewing : exploration (E) fawning : displeasure 3. OBSEQUIOUS : SINCERITY : : (A) choleric : anger (B) careless : anxiety (C) musical : tone (D) wise : foolishness (E) portable : handle 13.3 Reading Assignment: Treasure Island, Chapters 32-34 13.4 Recall Questions 1. What do the men hear as they are taking a break and what do they imagine it is? 2. Explain Silver’s change of attitude toward Jim. 3. What did the men discover when they arrived where the treasure was supposed to be? 4. Who arrived just as the men were about to kill Silver and Jim? 5. Explain what happened to the treasure and why the doctor had given the map to Silver? 6. What did the group decide to do with the last three pirates? 26 / Treasure Island 7. Why could they not go home right away after leaving the island? 8. What do Jim, Dr. Livesey, and the squire discover when they return to the HISPANIOLA after an evening ashore? 9. What eventually became of Captain Smollet, Gray, and Ben Gunn? 10. What are Jim’s feelings about Treasure Island at the end of his “story? 13.5 Critical Thinking: What is the significance of a skeleton pointing the men to the site where Flint had buried the treasure? Is Stevenson trying to apply a spiritual meaning to the treasure hunt? Jim states that leaving the three remaining pirates behind on the island with provisions was the most merciful thing to do because taking them home to be executed would have been a “cruel sort of kindness.” Also, Jim and the others could not risk another mutiny. Did the men make the right decision? Was it indeed more merciful to leave the pirates behind? Were they right to even attempt to show the pirates mercy? Discuss. What is the significance of Stevenson’s ending the novel with the parrot’s exclamation, “Pieces of eight!” 13.6 Bonus Thought: Pirates’ pets: Long John Silver, with his parrot Captain Flint, is not just fiction. Pirates sometimes really did have animals such as parrots and monkeys. Often, however, the pirates would sell the animals for profit instead of keeping them for pets. Jim’s adventures on Treasure Island are successful. Jim earns the respect of his friends and receives part of the treasure. In spite of his success, Jim expresses an aversion to the island at the end of the story. Jim has learned that the wealth of the treasure is not worth the loss of life it has caused. Some of the pirates have murdered and had been murdered just for the sake of this treasure. When Jim is first looking at the gold, he does not even express happiness. Rather, Jim immediately thinks of all the bloodshed that has taken place in pursuit of this wealth. Thus, Jim learns at the end that he does not really want treasure or adventure. Treasure Island / 27 Glossary for Treasure Island aperture (²p“…r-ch…r) n. An opening, such as a hole, gap, or slit apoplexy (²p“…-plμk”s¶) n. A sudden effusion of blood into an organ or tissue; a stroke bandoleer (b²n”d…-lîr“) n. A belt fitted with small pockets or loops for carrying cartridges and worn across the chest by soldiers berth (bûrth) n. A place to sleep or stay; accommodations bramble (br²m“b…l) n. A prickly shrub or bush cannikin (k²n“¹-k¹n) n. A small can or cup; a small wooden bucket circumspect (sûr“k…m-spμkt”) adj. Heedful of circumstances and potential consequences; prudent connoisseur (k¼n”…-sûr“) n. A person with expert knowledge or training, especially in the fine arts. cutlass (k¾t“l…s) n. A short heavy sword with a curved single-edged blade, once used as a weapon by sailors deuce (d›s) n. The devil; a severe reprimand or expression of anger dereliction (dμr”…-l¹k“sh…n) n. Willful neglect, as of duty or principle; the act of abandoning; abandonment. duff (d¾f) n. [Dialectal variation of dough] A stiff flour pudding boiled in a cloth bag or steamed dysentery (d¹s“…n-tμr”¶) n. An inflammatory disorder of the lower intestinal tract estuary (μs“ch›-μr”¶) n. The part of the wide lower course of a river where its current is met by the tides excavation (μk”sk…-v³“sh…n) n. The hole exposed or uncovered by digging feint (f³nt) n. A deceptive action calculated to divert attention from one's real purpose forelock (fôr“l¼k”) n. A lock of hair that grows from or falls on the forehead furtive (fur“tive·ly) adj. Expressive of hidden motives or purposes; shifty gallipot (g²l“…-p¼t”) n. A small glazed earthenware jar formerly used by druggists for medicaments gig (g¹g) n. A long, light ship's boat, usually reserved for use by the ship's captain gilt (g¹lt) n. A thin layer of gold or something simulating gold; superficial brilliance or gloss grog (gr¼g) n. An alcoholic liquor, especially rum diluted with water gunwale (g¾n“…l) n. The upper edge of the side of a vessel [So called because guns were mounted on it.] halyard (h²l“y…rd) n. A rope used to raise or lower a sail, flag, or yard hamlet (h²m“l¹t) n. A small village hawker (hô“k…r) n. One who sells goods aggressively, especially by calling out hawser (hô“z…r) n. A cable or rope used in mooring or towing a ship incessant (¹n-sμs“…nt) adj. Continuing without interruption incongruous (¹n-k¼ng“gr›-…s) adj. Lacking in harmony; incompatible; not in agreement, as with principles; inconsistent keel (k¶l) n. The principal structural member of a ship, running lengthwise along the center line from bow to stern, to which the frames are attached lancet (l²n“s¹t) n. A surgical knife with a short, wide, pointed double-edged blade, used especially for making punctures and small incisions; also called lance 28 / Treasure Island lanyard (l²n“y…rd) n. A short rope or gasket used for fastening something or securing rigging miscreant (m¹s“kr¶-…nt) n. An evildoer; a villain; an infidel; a heretic morass (m…-r²s“) n. An area of low-lying, soggy ground; something that hinders, engulfs, or overwhelms nautical (nô“t¹-k…l) adj. Of, relating to, or characteristic of ships, shipping, sailors, or navigation on a body of water obsequious (¼b-s¶“kw¶-…s) adj. Full of or exhibiting servile compliance; fawning palisade (p²l”¹-s³d“) n. A fence of pales forming a defense barrier or fortification pestiferous (pμ-st¹f“…r-…s) adj. Producing or breeding infectious disease phosphorescent (f¼s”f…-rμs“…nt) adj. Having the persistent emission of light following exposure to and removal of incident radiation priming (prº“m¹ng) n. The explosive used to ignite a charge propulsion (pr…-p¾l“sh…n) n. The process of driving or propelling; a driving or propelling force quadrant (kw¼d“r…nt) n. An early instrument for measuring altitude of celestial bodies, consisting of a 90° graduated arc with a movable radius for measuring angles. quay (k¶) n. A wharf or reinforced bank where ships are loaded or unloaded quid (kw¹d) n. A cut, as of chewing tobacco resin (rμz“¹n) n.Any of numerous clear to translucent yellow or brown, solid or semisolid, viscous substances of plant origin, used principally in lacquers, varnishes, inks, and adhesives scour (skour) n. A place that has been scoured, as by flushing with water; cleansing agent scupper (sk¾p“…r) n. An opening in the side of a ship at deck level to allow water to run off tallow (t²l“½) n. Hard fat obtained from parts of the bodies of cattle, sheep, or horses, and used in foodstuffs or to make candles, leather dressing, soap, and lubricants tarpaulin (tär-pô“l¹n) n. Material, such as waterproofed canvas, used to cover and protect things from moisture thatch (th²ch) n. Plant stalks or foliage, such as reeds or palm fronds, used for roofing thwart (thwôrt) n. A seat across a boat on which a rower may sit tiller (t¹l“…r) n. A lever used to turn a rudder and steer a boat trice (trºs) n. A very short period of time; an instant truantry (tr›“…n-tr¶) n. [Variant of truancy] The act or condition of being absent without permission truculent (tr¾k“y…-l…nt) adj. Disposed to fight; expressing bitter opposition; disposed to or exhibiting violence or destructiveness; fierce volley (v¼l“¶) n. A simultaneous discharge of a number of missiles volubility (vol”u·bil“i·ty) n. Marked by a ready flow of speech; fluent Treasure Island (Lessons 1–4) Vocabulary Quiz #1 Instructions: Match the word with its definition. A. connoisseur D. tallow G. apoplexy J. cannikin M. tarpaulin P. nautical S. grog B. hawker E. lancet H. hamlet K. miscreant N. quay Q. keel T. duff C. cutlass F. berth I. quadrant L. deuce O. quid R. lanyard 1. _____ relating to ships, sailors, or navigation on water 2. _____ the Devil; an expression of anger 3. _____ a stroke 4. _____ a short rope used for fastening 5. _____ a small can, cup, or bucket 6. _____ a sword with a curved blade, once used by sailors 7. _____ principle structural member of a ship 8. _____ material used to cover and protect things from moisture 9. _____ a surgical knife 10. _____ a stiff flour pudding boiled or steamed 11. _____ a cut, as of chewing tobacco 12. _____ a person with expert knowledge, especially in the fine arts 13. _____ early instrument for measuring altitude of celestial bodies and angles 14. _____ alcoholic liquor diluted with water 15. _____ a dock along a bank where ships are loaded and unloaded 16. _____ accomodations 17. _____ an evil doer; a villain 18. _____ one who sells goods aggressivley 19. _____ small village 20. _____ hard fat from the bodies of cattle, sheep or horses Treasure Island (Lessons 5–9) Vocabulary Quiz #2 Instructions: Match the word with its definition. A. forelock D. gig G. aperture J. gunwale M. volley P. resin S. propulsion B. scupper E. bramble H. dysentery K. bandoleer N. palisade Q. trice T. truantry C. scour F. thatch I. gallipot L. priming O. morass R. thwart 1. _____ a long, light ship’s boat 2. _____ a belt worn across the chest by soldiers 3. _____ a very short period of time 4. _____ opening in the side of a ship at deck level to allow water to run off 5. _____ viscous substances of plant origin used in varnishes and adhesives 6. _____ act or condition of being absent without permission 7. _____ seat across a boat on which a rower may sit 8. _____ a hole, gap, or slit 9. _____ explosive used to ignite a charge 10. _____ a lock of hair that grows from or falls on the forehead 11. _____ an earthenware jar formerly used by druggists for medicaments 12. _____ a driving force 13. _____ a fence of pales forming a defense barrier or fortification 14. _____ foliage used for roofing 15. _____ a simultaneous discharge of a number of missiles 16. _____ cleansing agent 17. _____ an inflammatory disorder of the lower intestinal tract 18. _____ low, soggy ground; something that hinders, engulfs or overwhelms 19. _____ upper edge of the side of a vessel on which guns were mounted 20. _____ a prickly shrub or bush Treasure Island (Lessons 10–13) Vocabulary Quiz #3 Instructions: Match the word with its definition. A. hawser D. gilt G. feint J. truculent M. pestiferous P. dereliction B. incessant E. estuary H. halyard K. furtive N. volubility Q. obsequious C. phosphorescent F. tiller I. circumspect L. incongruous O. excavation 1. _____ heedful of circumstances and potential consequences 2. _____ superficial brilliance or gloss 3. _____ expressive of hidden motives; shifty 4. _____ hole exposed or uncovered by digging 5. _____ a deceptive action to divert attention from one’s real purpose 6. _____ continuing without interruption 7. _____ marked by a ready flow of speech; fluent 8. _____ a lever used to turn a rudder and steer boat 9. _____ willful neglect; abandonment 10. _____ disposed to fight; fierce 11. _____ having persistent emission of light following exposure to radiation 12. _____ exhibiting servile compliance; fawning 13. _____ producing or breeding infectious disease 14. _____ wide lower part of river where its current is met by the tides 15. _____ incompatible; inconsistent 16. _____ a rope used to raise or lower a sail, flag, or yard 17. _____ a cable or rope used in towing a ship Answer Keys to Treasure Island Lesson 1 1. The name of the inn was the Admiral Benbow. 2. The captain was a lonely, filthy, suspicious-looking sailor; everybody feared him, but were also fascinated with him. 3. The boy was to look for a seafaring man with one leg. 4. The doctor would not stop talking when the captain told him to. 5. The man is described as pale, unseaman-like, and missing two fingers. 6. The great thing for boys is discipline. 7. The captain has a stroke. 8. If he did not stop drinking rum, the captain would die soon. Analogy Exercises, Lesson 1 1. B 2. D 3. E 4. C 5. B Lesson 2 1. The men want the captain’s sea chest 2. The captain has another stoke and dies. 3. The people refused to to help because they were afraid of the sailors. 4. Jim found the black spot. 5. Jim and his mother decide to take the money they had and leave quickly. 6. They ran because a pistol was fired. 7. Horses ran over the blind man, and he was killed. 8. The men were after an oil-skin packet. Analogy Exercises, Lesson 2 1. A 2. D 3. D 4. C 5. D 6. D Lesson 3 1. The doctor and the squire found a book and a piece of paper. 2. The marks were ships or towns that the sailors had sank or invaded. 3. The squire plans to go to Bristol and find a ship to look for the treasure. 4. The letter states that the squire had found a ship. 5. The squire had broken his promise of secrecy. 6. Long John Silver helps with the hiring of the crew. 1 7. Jim has only one night to spend with his mother. 8. Jim is delighted and excited. Analogy Exercises, Lesson 3 1. C 2. D 3. C Lesson 4 1. John Silver seems to be the one-legged sailor that the captain told Jim to watch for. 2. Jim sees Black Dog. 3. Captain Smollett does not like the cruise because it is dangerous to go after a treasure, and he wanted to choose his own men 4. Captain Smollett requests to put the powder and ammo under the cabin, to give the men berths beside the cabin, and to keep the location of the map a secret. 5. Jim and the squire did not like the captain. 6. Mr. Arrow had no authority; he disappeared, probably jumped overboard. 7. John Silver’s nickname is Barbecue. 8. The name of the parrot is Captain Flint. 9. The parrot continually repeats “pieces of eight!” 10. The passengers and crew were contented. Analogy Exercises, Lesson 4 1. C 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. C 6. E Lesson 5, 1. Jim had climbed into the apple barrel. 2. Jim hears Silver planning to get the treasure and to do away with Jim and the others. 3. The only man Captain Flint ever feared was Long John Silver. 4. The pirates will need someone to set their course back. 5. Silver especially wanted to kill Squire Trelawney. 6. Jim is frightened at first, and the he tells his friends. 7. Captain Smollett believes by waiting this will give him time to figure out which of the men are not pirates. 8. They could trust seven men. Analogy Exercises, Lesson 5 D 2 Lesson 6 1. The island was gray and forsaken; Jim did not like it. 2. Letting the men go ashore allowed Silver a chance to calm the men down. 3. Jim decides to go with the men 4. Long John was warning the sailor of what was going to happen. 5. Long John killed another man. 6. Jim ran to get away from Long John and got lost in jungle. 7. The man has been marooned for three years. 8. Ben Gunn asks for one thousand pounds. 9. His mates marooned him because they could not find the treasure where Ben Gunn had directed them. 10. Jim and Ben are startled by a cannon Sentence Completion Exercises, Lesson 6 1. bramble 2. thatch 3. gig 4. scuppers 5. aperture 6. scour Lesson 7 1. The doctor takes over the narration of the tale. 2. There was no wind, and Jim had gone ashore. 3. The captain threatens to kill any of the six mutineers that give a signal; the doctor got the jolly boat and abandoned the ship. 4. The doctor hears a cry of a man dying. 5. The captain gives Abraham Gray a last chance to join his crew. 6. The jolly boat was difficult to steer because of the passengers’ weight and the ebb of the tide. 7. The men had forgotten about the gun. 8. The jolly boat was allowed to sink, because they had to get ashore quickly. Sentence Completion Exercises, Lesson 7 1. gunwale 2. dysentery 3. gallipots 4. bandoleers Lesson 8 1. Redruth was killed. 2. The pirates were taking most of the stores. 3. The men heard Jim’s voice outside the cabin. 4. Ben asked Jim to let him talk to the squire or doctor. 5. The Doctor has cheese in his snuff box; he gives it to Ben Gunn. 6. The men see the pirates waving a flag of truce. 3 7. Silver has given himself the title of captain. 8. Silver asks the captain to allow the pirates to be let safely out of the stockade. 9. If the captain gives Silver the chart, his men can come with Silver and his men when they find the treasure; the captain refuses the offer. Sentence Completion Exercises, Lesson 8 1. volley 2. priming 3. morass 4. palisade Lesson 9 1. The captain is angry, because none of the men were at their posts. 2. Five pirates fell during the attack. 3. The doctor goes to see Ben Gunn. 4. Jim sneaks away to find Ben’s boat. 5. The parrot Captain Flint is the source of the scream Jim hears. 6. The boat was light and portable. 7. Jim gets the idea to cut the line to the HISPANIOLA and to let her drift. Analogy Exercises, Lesson 9 1. D 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. D Lesson 10 1. Jim overhears Israel Hands and another sailor fighting. 2. The sailors were drunk. 3. Jim thought the conditions were too dangerous. 4. The HISPANIOLA was just floating with no particular course. 5. Jim finds one sailor was dead and one was hurt. 6. The interior of the HISPANIOLA was in shambles. 7. Mr. Hands would sail the ship if Jim would give him food. Sentence Completion Exercises, Lesson 10 1. incessant 2. hawser 3. gilt 4. phosphorescent Lesson 11 1. Israel Hands asks Jim to get him some wine from the cabin. 2. Jim sees Hands hiding a knife in his jacket. 3. Jim suggests Mr. Hands pray for God’s mercy. 4 4. 5. 6. 7. Jim’s weapons were useless, because sea water was in them. Jim shoots Mr. Hands. Jim sees a glow in the sky. Jim finds Silver and his pirates sleeping in the cabin. Analogy Exercises, Lesson 11 1. A 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. E Lesson 12 1. Six pirates were left when Jim returned to the cabin. 2. Silver got possession of the cabin, because the doctor bargained with him. 3. The pirates wanted to kill Jim. 4. If Jim will save him from being hanged, Silver won’t kill him. 5. The pirates give Silver the black spot; they cut it from the Bible. 6. The doctor arrives at the house the next morning. 7. Jim refuses to escape, because he had made a bargain with Silver. 8. The doctor warns Silver not to be in a hurry to find the treasure. 9. Silver plans to get the treasure. 10. The men find a skeleton, which points them to the treasure. Sentence Completion Exercises, Lesson 12 1. pestiferous 2. truculent 3. volubility 4. furtive 5. incongruous Lesson 13 1. The men hear Ben Gunn’s voice; they imagine it is Flint’s ghost. 2. When he saw that he might get off with the treasure, Silver wanted to get rid of Jim. 3. The money was gone. 4. Gray, the doctor, and Ben Gunn arrive to save Silver and Jim. 5. Ben Gunn had found the treasure and the doctor knew it, so he gave Silver the map. 6. The group decides to marooned the remaining pirates. 7. The ship needed fresh deck hands. 8. Silver had escaped. 9. Smollet retired, Gray became part owner of a ship, Ben Gunn got his thousand pounds, lost it, and became a beggar. 10. Jim calls the island “accursed” and never wants to go back. 5 Analogy Exercises, Lesson 13 1. B 2. E 3. D Treasure Island Quiz #1 Treasure Island Quiz #2 Treasure Island Quiz #3 1. P 2. L 3. G 4. R 5. J 6. C 7. Q 8. M 9. E 10. T 11. O 12. A 13. I 14. S 15. N 16. F 17. K 18. B 19. H 20. D 1. D 2. K 3. Q 4. B 5. P 6. T 7. R 8. G 9. L 10. A 11. I 12. S 13. N 14. F 15. M 16. C 17. H 18. O 19. J 20. E 1. I 2. D 3. K 4. O 5. G 6. B 7. N 8. F 9. P 10. J 11. C 12. Q 13. M 14. E 15. L 16. H 17. A 6
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