1
Study guide for FINAL. Scantron multiple choices (Scantron form 882). Prepared by the World’s Most
Famous Japanese Physicist. 13 pages.
1.
Collision between two objects. Object 1 and object 2. Before collision, object 1 is moving and
object 2 is at rest. Describe the motion of the two objects after collision IF object 1 will not stop
after the collision. This is a HEAD-ON collision. Is some force transferred from object 1 to object
2 during the collision? NO! no forces are transferred. Then, what is transferred? Mechanical -
If launched object is STILL moving after the collision, then SOME of the energy of
the launched object is transferred to the target object (NOT all of the energy of the
launched object is transferred to the target object. Because if so, the launched object
loses ALL of its energy and would STOP at the collision.)
Energy!
2. The roughness of the surfaces is the cause of FRICTION.
3. What determines the temperature of an object (ANY kind of object)? The answer is the
AVERAGE kinetic energy of the particles because any kind of object is made of tiny particles
(such as atoms or molecules). The higher the temperature, the greater is the AVERAGE kinetic
energy and vice versa. This definition of temperature is the temperature of ANYTHING: GAS,
LIQUID, and SOLID including ICE. In case of SOLID like VE~~~RY cold ICE, water molecules
VIBRATE at the same positions. VIBRATION is a motion. The MOTIONAL energy is called the
KINETIC energy. The AVERAGE kinetic energy of water molecules in the COLD ice due to the
vibrational motion of ice particles (water molecules) is the TEMPERATURE of the ICE. OK. Then
explain why the temperature of hot summer day is high and the temperature of cold winter day
is low in terms of motions of air particles (air-molecules)? The AVERAGE kinetic energy of IRON
metal at temperature 700 degrees is much greater AVERAGE kinetic energy of water at
temperature 60 degrees. The AVERAGE kinetic energy ITSELF is the temperature!
4.
Metal ball
Study “loop the loop”, which you
will find in my website.
Consider that a metal ball is released from the position shown above. How does the
(Gravitational) potential energy changes in time?
5. Pictorial representation of a chemical change (chemical reaction). In any chemical change
(reaction), no atoms are destroyed and no new atoms are created. TWO or more than TWO
atoms stick together to form a MOLECULE. A MOLECULE CAN break, but an ATOM never breaks!
6. Helium gas is added to a balloon so that it inflates under a constant temperature.
Continues the next page
2
OK. Under this situation. # collision/sec/area and OOMPHS/collision change? How about the
pressure? (The answer is: BOTH remain the same and the pressure remains the same). I asked
this SAME question in the SECOND midterm test.
7. An element is a substance made up of the SAME atoms. 10 pound iron is made up of “iron
atoms”. ALL are the same atom “iron atom”. Therefore ANY amount of iron (10 pounds, 5
pounds, 2 pounds) is “ELEMENT”. On the other hand, water is NOT an element, regardless of
amount! Why NOT? Answer NOW! “One element and a different kind of element combine
together to form a new element” is impossible, well MAKES NO SENSE!
8. Chemical change (or chemical reaction) can be expressed by (ON THE NEXT PAGE)
Substance A + Substance B
Substance C + Substance D
Reactants
Products
in which, substances C and D are QUITE different from substance A and D because this is a
chemical change (chemical reaction). The products (C and D) and the reactants (A + B) have
absolutely NO similarities at all. (C and D) are completely different from (A + B). Comparing with
the reactants (A + B), changes that occurred to the product (C + D) are
1).density is different 2). boiling temperature is different. 3).solubility is different.
4). color is different. 5). a gas is produced, etcetera, etcetera. This is a chemical change.
9. Under what condition(s), an object can move at CONSTANT speed? The answer is:
A). absolutely NO forces are acting on the object.
B). MANY forces are simultaneously acting on that object, BUT all the forces are exactly canceled
out so that the NET force becomes ZERO (the forces are balanced out to zero). Answer this by
drawing ARROWS. Each arrow represents a force.
As an example
Force
An object
Direction of motion. HALF arrow head.
Moving at constant speed
Force
Exactly the SAME length (of force arrows)
The two forces (the two arrows) are canceled out (balanced out). The net force is zero. With these
TWO forces, STILL! YES “STILL” the object MOVES at constant speed!
But! If the object is at rest (stationary state) from the very beginning, then, the object will NOT
move even though these two forces are acting on the object because the net force is zero.
Remember that in class activity, you practiced: A girl is pushing a heavy SOFA. Once the sofa
starts to move, the sofa CAN move at constant speed. Because TWO different forces act on the
sofa simultaneously; one is your push force and the other is the friction force (between the sofa
and the carpet?). These TWO forces exert on the sofa in opposite directions with the same
strength. These two forces are balanced out to zero. That is, the NET force acting on the SOFA is
ZERO. YET the SOFA moves at CONSTANT SPEED. Many students NEVER understand this. Since the
two forces are canceled out, how come the sofa still MOVES? This is the point you don’t understand.
Continues the next page
3
10. You are CONTINUOUSLY pushing a cart with a certain constant force so that the speed of the
cart increases (getting FASTER, FASTER, AND FASTER). Now, at a certain point, you double the
amount force you apply to the cart and keep pushing it with this new force (doubled force).
Then what would happen to the motion of the cart. Represent your answer graphically. Draw a
general shape of graph.
Speed
The stronger the push force, the more
quickly does the speed increase.
The stronger the push-force, the steeper is
the graph (the greater is the slope)
Time
At this instant of time, the applied force is doubled
11. What the HELL is friction? What is the effect of friction on a moving object?
12. AIR is a typical gas. You studied about GAS extensively in this Physical Science course. There is
NO force between any two particles. This means that there are NO potential energies in the gas.
Each gas particle is CONTINUOUSLY moving around and collides with other gas particles. Thus
the motion of the gas-particles is ”RANDOMIZED”. Consequently the gas particles are
UNIFORMLY distributed over the entire volume of the container.
13. An Unbalanced force can speed up an object.
Half arrow head. Direction of Motion.
Force
An object
Force
The speed INCREASES to the right, getting, faster, faster, and faster!
14. When liquid water evaporates at ROOM-temperature, water molecules at the top surface of the
liquid water ESCAPE. These escaped water molecules form WATER VAPOR (Gaseous state of
water, EACH individual particle still same 𝑯𝟐 𝑶 in the vapor). Since water vapor is DEFINITELY
gas, the water molecules escaped from the surface of the water are FAR APART; the distance
between water molecules in the vapor very much increase.
15. Every object including human body has a huge amount of electric charges. But the total amount
of positive charge and that of negative charge are exactly the same so that the total NET charge
of the object is exactly zero. When two different objects (a plastic rod and a fur) are rubbed
together, some amount of negative charges are transferred from one object to the other
object. Then one object that lost negative charge is positively charged and the other object that
gained extra negative charges is negatively charged. Then, these two objects attract each other.
16. In any phase, gas phase, liquid phase, or solid phase, the particles are A~~~LWAYS moving! In
the case of SOLID phase, like ICE, although each particle stays the SAME position (NEVER migrate
from one position to other positions), each particle is always VIBRATING about its position.
Vibration is a MOTION! Right? Right! The energy of motion is defined as “Kinetic Energy”. So,
4
ICE particles, which are water molecules, VIBRATE. So the ice has AVERAGE kinetic energy
(energy of vibrations of molecules). That is, the ice has a temperature even though it is cold!
17. Study the strength of electrostatic attractive force between particles (liquid or solid). Which
electric force is stronger is water or in methane? When a phase change occurs, for example,
liquid phase changes into gaseous phase, the strength of the bond between the particles
becomes weaker because the particles are far and far apart in the gas.
18. As the temperature increases, substance changes its “PHASE”: SLOID
LIQUID
GAS.
(Water ICE is excluded here!) In this order, the distance between the molecules of the
substance increase. GAS particles are FARTHEST APART. The shorter the distance, the more
strongly tightly bound are the molecules (EXCEPT iced water. I say this to defend myself!).
19. Study the Law of Conservation of mass. The TOTAL mass is A~~LWAYS conserved (means
“REMAINS THE SAME”) in both physical change and chemical change. Suppose that 100 gram
ICE (SOLID PHASE of water 𝑯𝟐 𝑶) is placed inside the completely WE~~~LL sealed closed
OPAQUE container (BLACK BOX: you cannot see inside). This container is placed on a HEATER.
Then “INVISIBLE” heat continually enters the container. The PHASE changes: ICE (SOLID)
Liquid Water
Water vapor (GAS ). This is a PHYSICAL CHANGE. Also, during this period
in this SAME container, several different substances are MIXED along with the water.
Then, in addition of phase changes of water, which is a physical change, some CHEMICAL
change takes place as the temperature goes up and some COMPLETLELY NEW substance is
formed INSIDE the container. Even
a lot of GASES (light, like 𝑪𝑶𝟐 ) may be
formed inside the container. But we cannot see inside the container.
Physical changes, and chemical changes, MANY different changes may have occurred inside the
container; no matter what happen INSIDE the container, the TOTAL mass of the container
WILL remain the same. We do NOT have to see inside the container to observe what happened.
Although the total number of PARTICLES may have changed, the total number of ATOMS remain
the same. Each ATOM NEVER breaks. Each atom has a mass. That’s why the total MASS of the
WHOLE container remains the same. This is what it means “THE TOTAL MASS OF THE WHOLE
SYSTEM IS CONSERVED”. In a gas, the particles are merely far apart. NOTHING vanishes!!!!
20. Study NON-CONTACT interaction. For example, the magnetic interaction between two magnets.
Conservation of energy. The total kinetic energy increases and the potential energy stored in the
space (space configuration of the two magnets) between the magnet decreases.
One type of energy increases and the other type of energy decreases: these two energy changes
compensate each other and the total energy (KE + PE) will remain the SAME. That is, the TOTAL
energy is conserved. If ONE increases by 4, then the OTHER decreases by 4 also.
21. You drew Input/Output Energy diagram (I/O energy diagrams) billons of times! Usually,
there are several different energy outputs. What is the MOST common energy output?
Next page
5
Hint: Just every machine, every electrical appliance, is warmed up when it starts to
work: Its temperature rises. “Every” means “every”! So, what is the answer? The
answer is Heat-Energy. Heat Energies escape out to the surroundings.
The physical process in which liquid phase changes into gas phase is called “the
evaporation”. Why a wet shirt is dried eventually? Because water molecules evaporate
and become GAS PHASE (vapor). But each individual molecule NEVER changes; it is 𝑯𝟐 𝑶
even after the water becomes vapor (GAS!); water molecules become FAR APART in the
gas phase and mixed with air molecules AND becomes INVISIBLE (not mean “VANISH”).
23. You MUST understand what “AFTER” means! Well, all 3’s (before, during, after)
22.
24. In any chemical changes, molecules break apart and become ATOMS. Then, these atoms
are rearranged to form different combination of the atoms (means different molecules
are formed.) In any chemical change, each type of ATOM (Yes, “atom”!) will survive:
each type of atoms are neither created nor destroyed.
ALL of these (𝑯𝟐 𝑶, 𝑯𝟐, and 𝑶𝟐 ) in
the pictures on the left are
MOLECULES!
25. Study how you should connect a bulb to a battery so that the bulb lights.
Does this work? Does the bulb light? No! NEVER! Farther, you ruin the battery!
It will NOT work because the screwy side (side part) is NOT connected to the battery.
To work, the screwy side is connected to the positive side of the battery and the bottom
tip is connected to the negative side of the battery. OR opposite way (understand what
“opposite way” means?). “DIRECT TOUCH” without using a wire is OK. Further! BOTH
positive side AND negative side of the BATTERY must be connected to the bulb! One goes
to the screwy side and the other goes to the bottom tip (or the other way around).
24 . Electrolysis of water:
𝟐𝑯𝟐 𝑶
→ 𝟐𝑯𝟐 + 𝑶𝟐
Liquid Water is decomposed into hydrogen gas and oxygen gas. But we have to supply
electrical energy to the water to observe this electrolysis. This is a chemical change
(Chemical reaction). Why is this chemical change? Explain!
In this very particular case, before the chemical change, the TOTAL number of Hydrogen ATOMs (H)
is 4. After the chemical change, the TOTAL number of Hydrogen ATOMs (H) is 4 also.
Likewise, before the chemical change, the TOTAL number of Oxygen ATOMs (O) is 2. After the
chemical change, the TOTAL number of Oxygen ATOMs (O) is 2 also. In a chemical change, no new
atoms are created and no atoms are destroyed. Yes, ATOMS. OK? Please understand this! I beg you!
Do you know what MOLECULES are?
More on the following pages
6
25 .
When you drop a book from a certain height, it hits a fuzzy carpeted floor and stops.
Initially, there is a gravitational potential energy corresponding to that height. But after hitting
the floor, since it has stopped, there is neither potential energy nor kinetic energy. Has the
energy disappeared or destroyed? The energy is NOT conserved in this case? Explain.
Answer: All the energy the book possessed 100% changed into the THERMAL ENERGY of the
fuzzy carpet and the book. That is, all of the energy gets transformed into other form of energy.
So, after hitting the carpet, the temperature of the book and the temperature of the portion of
the fuzzy carpet where the book hits raise a little (warmed UP!). Then the heat energy is
transferred from “there” to the surroundings. The original TOTAL energy is scattered into the
surrounding and the total energy will be “THINNED”. This is NOT the same as the energy
disappears or VANISHES. The energy goes somewhere else. This does NOT mean the energy
disappears! The energy is still THERE! The total energy is A~~~~~LWAYS conserved!
READ the lecture note titled “Falling Object”. You WILL find the answer there!
26 .
Direction of motion. Moving UP! Yes, UP!
(HALF arrow head, which does NOT represents a force. Just a direction)
Gravity
NO CONTACT between her hands and the ball.
But, the ball is rising or moving UP
The Gravity is ALWAYS acting on the ball downward even she is
NOT touching the ball and even the ball is rising!
ASSUME that there is NO air. Assume that there is NO air! OK? NO AIR! NO AIR!
This beautiful lady is standing on the surface of the EARTH.
JUST AFTER she throws the ball vertically upward, how many different forces are acting on the
ball? What does “JUST AFTER” mean? Just AFTER throwing the ball, she is NOT touching the
ball anymore! But since “JUST AFTER”, the ball is moving upward! “JUST AFTER throwing, her
hands are NOT in contact with the ball (her hands are detached from the ball! The contact has
just lost), but the ball is moving upward just after that. Do you understand this? Please DO!! I
give you money.
After the contact between her hands and the ball is LOST, there will be NO more pushing up
force acts on the ball. (Remember “ANY force” is NEVER transferred!). So, after throwing up
the ball, the ONLY force acting on the ball is the downward Gravity. Why? Because we cannot
get rid of the Gravity no matter where the ball is. While the ball is moving up (away from her
7
hands), the Gravity is A~~~~~~LWAYS acts on the ball downward. JUST AFTER the ball is
thrown upward (NOT during pushing up)! Is the ball speeding up or slowing down, or moving at
constant speed? I give you the answer NOW! It WILL slow down (but STILL moving UP!)
because the direction of motion is OPPOSITE to the direction of the force (the GARVITY in this
case). See the picture above.
This question is “THE ESSENCE” of Physical Science-4 this semester. If you got the correct
answer, you really learned something this semester.
27. An element and a material are the same if and only if the material
consists of a single type (same type) of atom. So, here we consider that a
material is an element.
The density of a material is a property unique to that material whatever it is. No two
different materials have the same density! In the Periodic Table of Elements, we see about 100
different elements (materials). NO two elements have the same density! Therefore, the density
can be used for identification of an unknown material.
OK. Suppose that we have here TWO materials. Their sizes are ve~~ry different, different
weight, and are irregularly shaped. But both materials have the SAME color. Both materials
have the SAME DENSITY. Also, about the material, the MELTING-POINT (the temperature at
which the material starts to MELT) is the property unique to the material. There are about 100
different elements in the Periodic Table of the Elements. NO TWO ELEMENTS have the same
melting-point!
Suppose consider two materials; TWO materials with different size [one is extremely BIG &
HEAVY (much bigger than a basketball) and the other is a small rod, SO small that a 4 year-old
kid can hold it and can freely move it] and completely different shape (One is spherical shape
and the other is a rod). IF the DENSITY and the MELTING-POINT of these TWO materials are
the same, THEN these two materials are the identical material (the SAME material).
For example, both materials could be COPPER. The COLOR (colour) of both materials is, OF
COURSE the SAME also!
28. ONLY a force (Or non-zero NET force) can change the speed of an object. Yes, ONLY a force
(or non-zero NET force) can speed up (or slow down) an object! Nothing else! This is what
“force” is.
But. Yes, BUT! If the NET force is ZERO (two or more than two forces are perfectly BALANCED
so that the forces are perfectly canceled out), then NOTHING WILL HAPPEN! The speed of the
object NEVER, NEVER, and NEVER changes. Just maintains the ORIGINAL state of motion; if the
object is at rest originally, it will be at rest FOREVER. If the object is moving with speed of 50
m/h, it WILL maintain the same speed 50 m/h forever even though the forces (two or more
than two forces) CONTINUOUSLY acting on the object (if ALL the forces acting on the object are
canceled out to zero); These are the cases if the NET force acting on the object is zero (two or
more than two forces are balanced out to zero or CANCELED OUT TO ZERO).
Please move on to the next page. Thank you.
8
29. The NET force can be replaced by a SINGLE force.
Why?
CASE 1
2 N
6 N
8N
9 N
No friction
The total force acting on the cart FROM THE LEFT is 2
+ 8 = 10 N. Yes, 10 N
The total force acting on the cart FROM THE RIGHT is
6 + 9 = 15 N.
Yes, 15 N
So the total force acting on the cart from the RIGHT is greater than the total force acting on the
cart from LFET. The cart will be sped up in the direction of the stronger force. But, this
statement is NOT very good. You MUST say that the cart will be sped up in the direction of the
NET FORCE. So, discuss the net force, which is a SINGLE FORCE.
The total force acting on the cart from the RIGHT is greater than the total force acting on the
cart from LFET by how much. How much greater? The answer can be obtained from simple
“SUBTRACTION”. It is 15
– 10 = 5.
That is, RIGHT FORCE is greater than LEFT FORCE by 5 N. This 5 N of force is
called “the NET FORCE”. But what is the DIRECTION of the NET force (5 N)? It is
“from right to left”.
Ladies and gentlemen, PLEASE DO understand that NET FORCE is a SINGLEFORCE! That is, the picture drawn above in which FOUR different forces are
acting on the cart simultaneously can be replaced by the following picture;
The NET force
5 N
No friction
This situation is “EXACTLY” the same as the picture drawn at the top of this page. The SAME
situation means that instead of applying FOUR different forces on the cart, we can apply just
ONE force (a single force) of 5 N to the cart: STILL the motion of the cart is IDENTICAL as that of
the case to which FOUR different forces are acting on it. So, instead of applying FOUR different
forces to the cart, we can apply ONLY a single force of 5 N to the cart from the very beginning.
The motion of the cart is still exactly the same.
Continues on the next page.
9
Conclusion:
2 N
6 N
8N
9 N
No friction
Equivalent to
A SINGLE FORCE
The NET force
5 N
No friction
As far as the motion of the cart is concerned, the above two situations are
exactly IDENTICAL! That is, in both cases, the cart will move EXACTLY the same
way and it is absolutely impossible to distinguish these two motions.
In this current problem, the cart will be sped up (accelerated) in the direction of
the NET FORCE which is 5 N to the left.
MOVE ON TO THE NEXT PAGE FOR CASE 2.
10
CASE 2: BALANCED FORE The NET FORCE is zero.
4 N
2 N
6 N
8 N
No friction
The total force from the left is 4 + 6 = 10; 10 N
The total force from the right is 2 + 8 = 10; 10 N
Both are 10 N. So, the NET force is 10 N – 10 N = 0
The NET force is ZERO is the same as “NO FORCES ARE APPLIED TO THE CART
FROM THE VERY BIGINING.
Therefore, the above situation is equivalent to
No friction
If the cart is at rest (no motion) before these FOUR different forces, which are shown at the top
of this page, then the cart is STILL at rest (no motion) AFETR these FOUR different forces are
applied simultaneously and CONTINUOUSLY simply because the NET force is ZERO. ZERO net
force cannot move the cart if the cart is at rest (no motion) in the beginning!
Imagine that this cart is pushed by somebody half an hour ago. After the push (The pusher
is NOT touching cart anymore; no more push!), the cart will keep moving at a CONSTANT speed
along a straight path because there is no friction. At one moment when the cart passes a
certain point along the path, suddenly FOUR different forces, which are described by the
picture at the top of this page, are applied simultaneously and continuously to the cart. What
will happen to the motion of the cart after these FOUR forces are applied continuously to the
cart? Remember that these FOUR forces give ZERO NET FORCE to the cart. In other words,
ZERO for is applied to the cart while the cart is moving at a constant speed, or no forces are
applied to the moving cart that is moving at constant speed. ZERO force cannot change the
speed of the cart. So, the cart will maintain the same state of motion keeping the same speed
AFTTER these FOUR different forces acting of the cart. NOTHING will happen to the cart even
11
though these FOUR different forces are CONTINUOUSLY acting of the cart. This is what it means
that the NET force is ZERO.
30. Constant force
The speed increasing rate is constant.
When a CONSTANT force is applied to an object CONTINUOUSLY, the speed of the
object increases at constant rate. In physical science, we NEVER handle NON-constantforces.
SPEED
Strong Force
The slope of a line is directly
related to FORCE. The greater
(the steeper) the slope, the
stronger is the force.
The smaller (the less steeper)
the slope, the weaker is the
force. ONLY a straight line
gives ONE definite slope.
Weak Force
TIME
The slope of each line “represents” how quickly the speed increases. In other
words, the slope indicates the “SPEED INCREASING RATE”. In each line, there is
ONLY ONE slope. This is so, if and only if the applied force is constant (a
constant force). A constant force gives a constant inclined STRAIGHT line with
only one slope. This is what it means that “speed increasing RATE is constant”.
We NEVER consider the following cases;
These meandering or curved lines do
NOT represent CONSTANT-FORCE
because the slope of each curved line
is NOT constant. At each different
time, the slope is different.
Remember: A CONSTANT SLOPE IS
A CONTANT FORCE!
TIME
Continues on the next page.
12
Still about the force.
If a single force is pushing (or pulling) an object continuously and its speed is increasing, this
single force could be a NET force in which MANY different forces are simultaneously and
continuously acting on the object. Why? Because the NET force is always replaced by a
SINGLE force. There are NO differences between the NET force and a REAL single force.
31.
You hold a book in your hand. You then drop the book from a certain height above the
floor. This means the book has a (gravitational) POTENTIAL ENERGY corresponding to the
initial height. Now you release the book from rest (you NEVER push it down. Simply release
it). After released, the book starts to FALL. During the falling period, its kinetic energy
increases as it falls because the stored POTENTIAL energy being used and converted into the
kinetic energy. Therefore, as the book falls, the potential energy decreases (because it is
being used) and the kinetic energy increases. At the VERY INSTANT, right before the book hits
the floor, since the height of the book becomes essentially zero at this instant, the potential
energy becomes zero and the kinetic energy becomes the maximum (the book falls with the
MAXIMUM speed). At this very instant (right before hitting the floor), the numerical value of
the kinetic energy becomes equal to the very initial potential energy corresponding to the
initial height before released (Conservation of energy).
OK. The book now hits the floor and stops. “Stops” means that the kinetic energy of the book
becomes ZERO. Then, since the height of the book is zero after hitting the floor, BOTH the
kinetic energy AND the potential Energy SUDDENLY become ZERO simultaneously. That is ALL
the energy of the book becomes ZERO after hitting the floor. Initially and right BEFORE hitting
the floor, the total energy of the book was NOT zero, but after hitting the floor, the total
energy of the book obviously becomes zero. Seems the energy DISAPPERED or VANISHED!
This definitely VIOLATES the law of conservation of energy. You MUST save the law of
conservation of energy. HOW?
Well, the atoms or molecules of the book and the floor where the book hits are AGITATED by
the impact (bang) between the book and the floor. Then atoms or molecules of the book and
the floor gain EXTRA motions. This farther means that at the impact, the atoms or molecules
of the book and the floor gain EXTRA KINETIC ENERGY. This farther means that the AVERAGE
KINETIC ENRGY OF THE ATOMS OR MOLECULES AND THE FLOOR INCREASE. In other words,
the temperature of the book and the temperature of the floor where the book hits INCREASE.
Since the temperature is same as the THERMAL ENERGY, the TOTAL energy of the book is
100% converted into the thermal energy of the book and the thermal energy of the floor
where the book hits.
Therefore, the book and the floor where the book hit become WARMER right after the book
hits the floor.
Since the total energy of the book RIGHT before hitting the floor is strictly 100% KINETIC
ENERGY (very initial potential energy is 100% converted into the kinetic energy at this
instant), the final KINETIC energy of the book is 100% converted into (or transformed into)
the THERMAL ENERGY after the book hits the floor. One type of energy changes into a
different type of energy. Continues the next page.
13
Read the supplementary lecture note “Falling Object”.
32. Study the supplementary lecture note titled “How to connect a bulb to a battery.
33.
Study the balanced force. I discovered a really good question. Read the supplementary
Lecture Note titled “balanced force”. Since I forgot to put space between balanced and
force, it says “balancedforce” . Sorry.
***************************************************************
I WILL do my very best in determining your final letter grade which I
submit to the “Los Angeles Community College District” (LACCD).
Please look at “ON-LINE” SYSTEM to look at your letter grade A, B,
C, D, F. I will NEVER e-mail you your grade using LACCD e-mail
system.
Have a nice vacation everyone!