KINGDOM FUNGI
THE FUNGI

Taxonomy

Domain

Eukarya

Kingdom

Fungi
Bacteria
Archaea
Protista
Plants
Fungi
Animals
2
General Characteristics

Most multicellular

External digestion

Non-photosynthetic

Reproduction


Heterotrophs

Saprobes

Parasites



Unique cell wall

Chitin

Sexual & asexual
processes
Produce spores
Most are dikaryotic at
some point in life cycle
> 56,000 known species
3
General Morphology


Hypha

Single or multicellular filament

Septate or non-septate
Mycelium


Mass of hyphae
Reproductive structure

E.g., sporangium, mushroom
4
General Life Cycle
zygospore (2n)
E Nuclear
fusion forms mature
diploid
zygospore.
Diploid Stage
nuclear
meiosis
fusion
Haploid Stage
D Cytoplasmic
germinating
fusion of the
zygospore
gametangia
forms young young zygospore
zygospore.
spores (n) F Meiosis produces
haploid nuclei, which are
incorporated into spores
50 µm
when the zygospore
spore sac
germinates.
spores
(n)
gametangia
haploid
mycelium
C Gametangia
form at the tips of
the hyphae.
B + and − hyphae meet
A Asexual
reproduction
Fig. 24-4, p. 392
5
Quick Quiz: A single strand of haploid
fungal cells is called…
A) Mycelium
B) Zygospore
C) Hypha
D) Mushroom
6
Quick Quiz: The product of meiosis in
a fungus is a…
A) seed
B) mycelium
C) spore
D) mushroom
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Major Groups

Basidiomycota (club fungi)


Ascomycota (sac fungi)


Mushrooms, shelf fungi, puff balls
Cup fungi, morels, truffles, yeast
Zygomycota

Bread mold

Chytrids

Glomeromycetes
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Basidiomycota

Club fungi


E.g., mushrooms, shelf fungi, puff balls
Structures

Basidiocarp, basidiospores

Septate hyphae

Haploid or dikaryotic
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Ascomycota

Sac fungi


E.g., cup fungi, morels, truffles, yeast
Structures

Ascocarp, ascospores

Septate hyphae

Haploid or dikaryotic
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Ascomycota

Pathogens

Microsporum sp.

Candida albicans

Aspergillis flavus
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Zygomycota

E.g., bread mold (Rhizopus stolonifer)

Structures
zygospore (2n)

Zygospore
nuclear fusion

Sporangia
Diploid Stage
Haploid Stage
meiosis
germinating
zygospore
50 µm
spores
(n)
young zygospore

Aseptate hyphae

Haploid
spores
(n)
gametangia
fusing
Zygospore
Spore sac
mycelium
develops from
germinated
spore
stolon
rhizoids
contact between
hyphae of two mating
strains
ASEXUAL
REPRODUCTION
(mitosis)
Fig. 24.6, p. 396
Slide 7
12
Chytrids

Flagellated fungi


Spores and gametes are motile
Saprobes or parasites

Aseptate hyphae

Haploid
B. dendrobatidis
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Glomeromycetes: Fungi Imperfecti

Imperfect?

No known sexual reproductive phase

Grow in soil on roots of plants


Symbiotic
Aseptate hyphae

Haploid
https://biomesfourth09.wikispaces.com/Temperate+Deciduous+Forest+Facts
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Quick Quiz: Which of the following
reproduce both sexually and
asexually?
A) Basidiomycota
B) Ascomycota
C) Zygomycota
D) Chytrids
E) Glomeromycota
F) All except E
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Fungal Symbionts

Lichen

Fungus (typ. Ascomycota)

Algae (or cyanobacterium)
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Fungal Symbionts

Lichen
dispersal fragment
(cells of fungus and of
photosynthetic species)
outer layer
of fungal cells
photosynthetic
species
inner layer of
loosely woven
hyphae
outer layer
of fungal cells
Fig. 24-14d, p. 398
17
Fungal Symbionts

Mycorrhizae

Fungus

Plant roots
18
Quick Quiz: Fungi form symbiotic
relationships frequently with what
kinds of organisms?
A) Heterotrophic
B) Autotrophic
C) Both A and B
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