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4.2 Solubility Rules
The solubility Rules shown above
represent a great number of Chemical
Compounds. Fill in the chart with the
Chemical Formula for the combination of
the Ions at each box and designate each
as I for INSOLUBLE or S for SOLUBLE.
Li+
ClBrIOHNO3HCO3ClO3S-2
SO4-2
CO3-2
CrO4PO4-3
Soluble Compounds
Exceptions (Insoluble)
* Compounds containing Alkali Metal Ions
+
+
+
+
+
+
(Li , Na , K , Rb & Cs ) & the Ammonium Ion (NH4 )
* Nitrates (NO3 )
* Bicarbonates ( HCO3 )
* Chlorates (ClO3 )
- * Halides (Cl , Br , I )
-2
* Sulfates (SO4 )
* Acetates (C2H3O2 )
* No common exceptions
INSoluble Compounds
Exceptions (Soluble)
-2
Carbonates ( CO3 )
-3
Phosphates ( PO4 )
-2
Chromates ( CrO4 )
-2
+
*
*
*
* Sulfides (S )
* Hydroxides (OH )
NH4+
Ag+
* No common exceptions
* No common exceptions
2+
+
* Chlorates of Pb , Ag
+
2+
2+
* Halides of Ag , Hg and Pb
+
2+
2+
* Sulfates of Ag , Hg and Pb
+
2+
2+
* Acetates of of Ag , Hg and Pb
* Compounds containing Alkali Metal Ions & the Ammonium Ion(NH4 )
+
* Compounds containing Alkali Metal Ions & the Ammonium Ion(NH4 )
+
* Compounds containing Alkali Metal Ions & the Ammonium Ion(NH4 )
+
* Compounds containing Alkali Metal Ions & the Ammonium Ion(NH4 )
+2
* Compounds containing Alkali Metal Ions and the Barium Ion (Ba )
Ca2+
Ba2+
Hg2+
LiCl - S
HgSO4 -I
Pb2+
Use the Solubility Rules to answer the Following Questions –
1. Classify the following as Soluble (S) or Insoluble (I)
Sodium Iodide
Silver Nitrate
Ammonium Nitrate
Lead Chloride
Copper Hydroxide
Aluminum Hydroxide
2. Which of the Anions form the most Soluble compounds? (There may be more than one answer)
3. Which of the Cations form the most Soluble compounds? (There may be more than one answer)
Definitions: Aqueous – Many compounds will dissolve in water, they are said to be soluble. When mixed with water the compound dissolves and
it is described at AQUEOUS. An aqueous solution is signified in a reaction with the following: (aq) . If this designation is in a reaction it means the
substance dissolves in water.
Solid – When a substance is insoluble it is signified by the following: (s) . The s stands for Solid. If this designation is in a reaction it means the
substance does not dissolve in water. Often a down arrow will indicate that a substance has precipitated. ( ↓)
Question 4 – Each of the reactions takes place in water. Signify whether the substances would be aqueous (aq) or solid (s).
a. Pb(NO3)2 (_____) + BaI2 (_____)  PbI2 (_____) + Ba(NO3)2 (_____)
b. Ba(C2H3O2)2 (_____) + CuSO4 (_____)  Cu(C2H3O2)2 (_____) + BaSO4 (_____)
c. ZnSO4 (_____) + 2AgNO3 (_____)  Zn(NO3)2 (_____) + Ag2SO4 (_____)
d. Cu(NO3)2 (_____) + 2NaOH (_____)  Cu(OH)2 (_____) + 2NaNO3(_____)
e. (You will need to rewrite this with the chemical formulas first) Silver Nitrate and Sodium carbonate react to form silver
carbonate and sodium nitrate.