1.
The chapter-opening story of passenger deaths that accompanied the sinking of the ocean liner Titanic shows that:
a.
b.
c.
d.
2.
"Social stratification" is a concept that refers to:
a.
b.
c.
d.
3.
his personal talents and efforts.
how well he does his job.
how many children he has.
birth—which family he was born into.
Caste systems typically guide marriage by:
a.
b.
c.
d.
1
in none of them
in most of them
in all of them
in only the world's low-income societies
Sandar lives in a village with a caste system. His social position is mostly a result of:
a.
b.
c.
d.
7.
Social stratification is a trait of society.
Social stratification is universal and also variable.
A given family’s social standing typically changes a great deal from generation to generation.
Social stratification is a matter of beliefs about how and why people should be unequal.
In what share of the world's societies do we find social stratification?
a.
b.
c.
d.
6.
some people have more privileges and opportunities than others do.
all people begin life on a level playing field.
working hard is the only way people become wealthy.
what people get out of life is pretty much what they put into it.
Read the following four statements. Which statement is NOT true?
a.
b.
c.
d.
5.
specialization in productive work.
society ranking categories of people in a hierarchy.
the idea that all people are created equal.
All of the above are correct.
Because of social stratification in the United States:
a.
b.
c.
d.
4.
advancing technology cannot prevent tragedy.
all people have the same right to life.
social stratification is sometimes a matter of life and death.
poor people usually live longer than rich people.
stating how many partners a person can have.
by discouraging long-term relationships.
basing marriage on romantic love.
requiring people to marry someone within their own social category.
8.
The gradual transition of a caste system to a class system:
a.
b.
c.
d.
9.
Typically, the degree of status consistency is:
a.
b.
c.
d.
10.
most people think that all jobs are really equally important.
many societies in world history have had no inequality.
our society does not always reward people according to the importance of their work.
All of the above are correct.
Marx predicted the historical victory of which social class?
a.
b.
c.
d.
2
equality is functional for the operation of society.
the more inequality a society has, the more productive it is.
society must attach enough rewards to important jobs to attract the talent needed to perform these jobs well.
meritocracy is less productive than a caste system based on birth.
A fair criticism of the Davis-Moore thesis is the fact that:
a.
b.
c.
d.
14.
cultural beliefs that justify social stratification.
change in social position due to people’s own efforts.
change in the social position of everyone due to changes in society itself.
change in a family’s social position from one generation to the next.
According to the Davis-Moore thesis:
a.
b.
c.
d.
13.
high status consistency.
horizontal social mobility.
downward social mobility.
low status consistency.
The concept "structural social mobility" refers to:
a.
b.
c.
d.
12.
greater in caste systems than in class systems.
the same in all types of social stratification.
greater in class systems than in caste systems.
greater the more productive a society is.
A college professor who has advanced degrees, moderate salary, and little power can be described as having:
a.
b.
c.
d.
11.
brings an end to most social inequality.
replaces one kind of inequality with another.
means that individuals—but no longer families—are unequal.
means that the various categories of people become more clearly defined.
the nobility
the serfs
the proletariat
the bourgeoisie
15.
Read the following statements. Which of them is FALSE?
a.
b.
c.
d.
16.
While Marx thought of inequality in terms of two main classes, Weber:
a.
b.
c.
d.
17.
birth; achievement
business success; birth
making lots of money; who you know
high-income; having lots of schooling
In general, people of low class position:
a.
b.
c.
d.
3
income
personal property
wealth
power
While being in the upper-upper class is usually the result of __________, being in the lower-upper class is more often a
matter of __________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
21.
hunting and gathering
horticultural/pastoral
agrarian
industrial
Which of the following concepts refers to wages or salary from work, plus earnings from any investments?
a.
b.
c.
d.
20.
conspicuous consumption
the Davis-Moore thesis
the Kuznets curve
status inconsistency
According to Simon Kuznets, in which societal type is the extent of social stratification greatest?
a.
b.
c.
d.
19.
described a socioeconomic status hierarchy.
thought of inequality in terms of three main classes.
considered all people to be more or less equal.
saw today's societies as one large middle class.
Jill buys a very expensive car to impress her friends. Her purchase is an example of:
a.
b.
c.
d.
18.
Living standards in the United States have risen since Marx’s lifetime.
More workers have unions to represent them than in Marx’s lifetime.
Workers benefit from workplace safety and minimum wage laws that did not exist in Marx’s lifetime.
Since Marx's lifetime, economic inequality has ceased to exist in the United States.
live in less safe and more stressful environments.
are less likely to describe their own health as “excellent.”
live fewer years overall.
All of the above are correct.
22.
Which of the following concepts refers to upward or downward social mobility of children in relation to their parents?
a.
b.
c.
d.
23.
Read the following four statements about social mobility in the United States. Which of the following statements is
TRUE?
a.
b.
c.
d.
24.
more and more women are becoming poor.
women have fewer economic opportunities.
a larger share of the poor are now women.
fewer women are working for income.
In which of the following regions is the poverty rate highest?
a.
b.
c.
d.
4
African American.
Asian American.
Hispanic.
white.
The "feminization of poverty" refers to a trend in the United States, by which:
a.
b.
c.
d.
28.
found everywhere.
life threatening.
not an issue in the United States.
All of the above are correct.
In terms of race, two-thirds of all poor people in the United States are:
a.
b.
c.
d.
27.
stock owners
factory workers
corporate executives
highly educated professionals
Relative poverty is:
a.
b.
c.
d.
26.
For many workers, income has stalled.
More young people are still living at home with parents.
More of today’s jobs offer low pay.
All of the above are correct.
Globalization of the economy has hurt which category of the U.S. population?
a.
b.
c.
d.
25.
intragenerational social mobility
intergenerational social mobility
structural social mobility
horizontal social mobility
suburbs
central cities
rural areas
All of these areas have the same poverty rate.
29.
The deadly fire in a Bangladeshi sweatshop described in the opening to the chapter shows that:
a.
b.
c.
d.
30.
The wealthiest 20 percent of the global population receives about what share of all global income?
a.
b.
c.
d.
31.
in south Florida.
throughout the United States.
in inner-city Los Angeles.
in Texas along the U.S. border with Mexico.
Around the world, about how many people suffer from chronic hunger?
a.
b.
c.
d.
5
They are at the forefront of the Information Revolution.
They make use of large factories and advanced energy sources.
They contain almost all the world’s financial markets.
All of the above are correct.
The settlements called "Las Colonias," which are communities containing many extremely poor people, are found:
a.
b.
c.
d.
35.
14 percent
34 percent
54 percent
84 percent
Which of the following statements about high-income nations is correct?
a.
b.
c.
d.
34.
1
5
10
15
The people of the high-income countries, who represent 22 percent of the world's population, earn about what share of
the world's income?
a.
b.
c.
d.
33.
20
40
60
80
The poorest 20 percent of the global population receives only about what share of all global income?
a.
b.
c.
d.
32.
the lives of the world’s poor are far worse than most people in the United States realize.
Bangladesh has suffered a surprising number of natural disasters in recent years.
factory jobs are hard to find in low-income nations.
some countries do a far better job of protecting workers than the United States does.
100,000
1 million
100 million
1 billion
36.
The concept "absolute poverty" refers to:
a.
b.
c.
d.
37.
Which of the following statements is an example of "neocolonialism?"
a.
b.
c.
d.
38.
making poor nations responsible for their own fate.
supporting capitalism as a path to development.
explaining global inequality in terms of the exploitation of poor countries by rich countries.
claiming that economic development is not a desirable goal.
According to Immanuel Wallerstein's theory of global capitalism, which nations are at the "core" of the world
economy?
a.
b.
c.
d.
6
help poor nations to control their population
increase food production in poor nations
introduce advanced technology to poor nations
All of the above are correct.
Dependency theory differs from modernization theory by:
a.
b.
c.
d.
42.
drive to technological maturity
high mass consumption
traditional
take-off
Following modernization theory, what might rich nations do to assist poor nations that seek economic development?
a.
b.
c.
d.
41.
having too few people
multinational corporations
capitalism
tradition
According to W. W. Rostow, nations with the highest standard of living are at which of the following stages of
development?
a.
b.
c.
d.
40.
a country gains new colonies to replace older ones
a country grants independence to a former colony
multinational corporations dominate the economy of a poor country
large companies operate in many countries at one time
Modernization theory identifies which of the following as the greatest barrier to economic development?
a.
b.
c.
d.
39.
a lack of resources that is life-threatening.
the absolute number of poor people in any country.
the real poverty rate as opposed to what governments claim to be the case.
the poverty rate in low-income countries.
high-income nations
middle-income nations
low-income nations
All nations operate as the "core."
43.
While modernization theory focuses on __________, dependency theory focuses on __________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
44.
With regard to the role of rich nations, dependency theory:
a.
b.
c.
d.
45.
On average, men are 10 percent taller than women.
On average, men are 20 percent heavier than women.
On average, women outlive men by about five years.
All of the above are correct.
Young men show greater ________ ability than young women; young women show greater ________ ability than young
men.
a.
b.
c.
d.
7
little or no change in female-male differences in performance.
that male performances are improving faster than female performances.
that women have been closing the gap with men in most athletic performances.
None of the above is true.
Which of the following statements is true?
a.
b.
c.
d.
49.
power.
wealth.
privileges.
All of the above are correct.
Comparing the athletic performances of females and males over time shows:
a.
b.
c.
d.
48.
Africa, especially south of the Sahara.
Asia, especially in China.
Latin America.
North America.
The chapter argues that gender is not a matter just of difference, but also a matter of differences in:
a.
b.
c.
d.
47.
agrees with modernization theory.
urges rich nations to invest in poor countries.
claims that rich nations are to blame for global poverty.
claims that rich nations prevent poor countries from "growing for export."
The most serious problem of increasing poverty is found in:
a.
b.
c.
d.
46.
rich nations; poor nations
the future; the past
the production of wealth; the distribution of wealth
All of the above are correct.
intellectual; sensory
mathematical; verbal
verbal; mathematical
sensory; intellectual
50.
Margaret Mead's research on gender in three societies supports the conclusion that:
a.
b.
c.
d.
51.
Margaret Mead's research on gender in three societies in New Guinea concluded that:
a.
b.
c.
d.
52.
the increase in the share of the population engaged in farming
the rising divorce rate
our population’s urban to rural migration
our society’s increased family size
In the United States in 2006, women in the labor force working full time earned what share of the income earned by
men working full time?
a.
b.
c.
d.
8
having less power than women.
having fewer privileges than women.
engaging in many high-risk behaviors.
All of the above are correct.
Over the last century, which of the following factors has been a cause of the rising share of women in the U.S. paid labor
force?
a.
b.
c.
d.
56.
patriarchy
matriarchy
monarchy
gerontocracy
In the United States, the costs of sexism for men include:
a.
b.
c.
d.
55.
there was some agreement as to feminine and masculine tasks.
women and men were farmers in about the same number of societies.
most tasks were considered masculine by some societies and feminine by others.
All of the above are correct.
What is the form of social organization in which females dominate males?
a.
b.
c.
d.
54.
farming is always done by men.
all societies consider men to be more aggressive than women.
all societies display much the same gender definitions.
what is feminine to one society may be masculine to another.
Based on George Murdock's global study of gender, we should conclude that:
a.
b.
c.
d.
53.
all societies define "masculine" the same way.
all societies define "feminine" the same way.
societies may define both "masculine" and "feminine" differently.
All of the above are correct.
37 percent
57 percent
77 percent
97 percent
57.
Which of the following concepts refers to an invisible, yet real, barrier that prevents many women from rising beyond
middle-management positions?
a.
b.
c.
d.
58.
Intersection theory focuses on:
a.
b.
c.
d.
59.
power.
sex.
money.
moral weakness.
Pornography is of concern to:
a.
b.
c.
d.
9
migration of women from all over the world to the United States.
ways in which men and women cooperate in the workplace.
the interplay of race, class, and gender often leading to multiple disadvantages.
All of the above are correct.
Feminists claim that rape is mostly about:
a.
b.
c.
d.
60.
"glass ceiling"
"second shift sexism"
"comparable worth"
"pink-collar ghetto"
conservatives who oppose it on moral grounds.
liberals who oppose it as demeaning to women.
all people who seek to protect free speech and artistic expression.
All of the above are correct.