1.
The three particles that make up atoms are
2. The particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom are the
3. Which of the following terms describes a substance formed by the combination of two or more elements in
definite proportions?
4. Water is a polar molecule because…
5. A covalent bond is formed as the result of atoms
6. Water molecules will stick to each other, this is an example of ___________________
7. How is charge distributed in a water molecule?
8. What is the function of a buffer?
9. What is the reason the macromolecules are grouped together?
10. Nucleotide is to nucleic acid as
A. oil is to lipid.
C. sugar is to fat.
B. DNA is to RNA.
D. monosaccharide is to carbohydrate.
11. What are the functions of lipids in living things?
12. Which organic compounds is the main source of energy for living things?
13. A student found an unlabeled test tube of clear liquid in a school refrigerator. When she added iodine to
the test tube, the solution turned black. This indicates the presence of
14. Glycogen, cellulose and starch are all examples of
15. Which
A.
B.
C.
D.
of the following statements is true about enzymes?
Enzymes slow down the rate of chemical reactions.
Enzymes work on any kind of a reaction.
Enzymes are used up during a chemical reaction.
Enzymes lower the activation energy of a chemical reaction.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
A
B
C
16. The enzyme is represented by what structure and why?
17. Structure B represents what? Explain your reasoning.
18. If the temperature or pH changed drastically, which structure would denature?
Key:
A. carbohydrates
B. lipids
C. nucleic acids
D. proteins
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
DNA, RNA, ATP
used for insulation
Structure is imperative to function
Contain phosphorus (P)
Fats, oils, waxes and steroids
Enzymes
Made up of fatty acid and glycerol subunits
Can change the rate of chemical reactions
Made of C, H, and O in a 1:2:1 ratio
Contain R group
29.
The pH of orange juice is 4 and releases H+ ions, therefore it is a(n) ________________.
30. Most cleaning products have a pH above 7, and release OH- ions so they are ___________________.
31. The atoms of a sugar molecule stay together when dissolved in water. This is because they share
electrons. This is a(n) ______________________ bond.
32. The reason water can dissolve most anything with a charge is because water is __________________.
33. A molecule that is full of hydrogen atoms is known as a _________________ fat.
34. A single sugar unit is called a __________________________
35. A molecule that contains at least one carbon to carbon double bond
36. Carbohydrates contain C:H:O in which ratio?
37. The monomer of proteins are ___________________
38. What is one commonality between all the macromolecules, in essence, what makes these molecules organic?
39. A nucleic acid that contains deoxyribose as the sugar and the genes involved in heredity
40. A substance that can react with strong acids and bases to help prevent sharp sudden changes in pH
41. Which macromolecule’s primary function is to provide quick, usable energy?
42. The monomer of nucleic acids – composed of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base
43. A large compound formed from the bonding of many smaller units
44. A macromolecule containing C, H, O, N, and P; DNA, RNA and ATP are examples
45. A macromolecule that is composed of amino acids bonded together
46. Which macromolecule provides us with insulation and long term energy storage?
47. Energy enters most ecosystems from __________________
48. What organisms use sunlight or chemicals to produce energy?
49. Which organism breaks down dead organic wastes?
50. Organisms that eat only plants are called_______________________.
51.
The most original energy in a food chain is found at which trophic level?
52. What processes will remove carbon from the atmosphere?
53. Which process adds carbon to the atmosphere?
54. Name an abiotic factor in an ecosystem.
55. What process allows nitrogen gas to be converted to a useable form of nitrogen for plants?
56. Nitrogen fixation and denitrification can both be carried out by___________________.
57. Describes an organism’s niche.
58. Spider crabs live in shallow areas of the ocean floor. Algae can grow on the crab’s back, providing a
camouflage for the crab. Algae needs sunlight and a moist environment to be able to grow. Which form of
symbiosis does this describe?
59. Hermit crabs will find abandoned snail shells to use for shelter and protection. Which form of symbiosis
does this describe?
60. Flies can take food from ant colonies, reducing the amount of food available for the ants. What form of
symbiosis does this describe?
61.
An organism that is introduced into an area and has no natural predators can likely threaten other life
forms in the new area. This organism is referred to as a(n)_________________.
62. If a food chain has 4 levels, how much original energy will be available for the tertiary consumer?
63. The process of microorganisms converting ammonia and other nitrates to nitrogen gas is known as:
64. Water can evaporate from the leaves of plants, this type of evaporation is called _______.
65. Phosphorus is essential to living organisms, how is phosphorus released into the ecosystem?
66. Similar organisms (that can interbreed) living within a general location are referred to as:
67. Which of the following descriptions about the organization of an ecosystem is correct?
A. Communities make up species, which make up populations.
B. Populations make up species, which make up communities.
C. Species make up communities, which make up populations.
D. Species are grouped in populations, which make up communities.
68. Only 10% of the energy stored in an organism can be passed on to the next trophic level. Organisms on each
trophic level use most of the energy for life processes, but some of it is _________________
69. The movements of energy and nutrients through living systems are different, why?
70. Where an organism lives is described as its _________________________
71. Decomposers are _______________ that break down the bodies of dead organisms.
72. Recent studies have found traces of the insecticide DDT accumulated in the fat tissue of animals. Give a
correct explanation for why this might happen.
73. Which of the following are biotic factors in an ecosystem?
I. oxygen
II.
Light
III
competitors
IV.
predators
74. Which is a biotic factor that affects the size of a population in a specific ecosystem?
A. average temperature of the ecosystem
B. type of soil in the ecosystem
C. number and kinds of producers in the ecosystem
D. concentration of oxygen in the ecosystem
75. What causes the greenhouse effect?
76. What do greenhouse gases contribute to?
77. If a pesticide kills off 85% of the herbivorous insects, which of the following statements would be true?
I. The plant population would decrease.
II. The spider population would decrease.
III. The predaceous insect population would decrease.
78. In the food web above when the hawk eats the squirrel that ate the grass, the hawk is considered what level of
consumer?
79. In the food web above, there would be organisms that are not shown that will consume all the other organisms
when they die. These organisms are called
80. Which of the following factors become more limiting as population size increases?
A. food availability
C. hurricanes
B. lack of rain leading to droughts
D. winter freeze
81. Which of the following will result in a population decreasing in size?
I. Mortality
III. Emigration
II. Natality
IV. Immigration
82. Draw a graph listing exponential growth, logistic growth, and carrying capacity.
83. Which line represents a predator?
84. Which line represent a prey?
85. Rationalize the answers to questions 83 and 84.