5 Probing for information and admitting mistakes A The call The caller wants to find out about what he should send in to get his camera repaired. The call progresses to the agent giving the caller advice about trying different batteries and cleaning the battery compartment before sending the camera for repair. 3 Detailed listening activity Ask the learners to read the multiple choice questions, and clarify any unknown vocabulary items. Play the recording again while the learners choose the correct answers. Conduct a feedback session. If there are any problems, play the appropriate parts of the dialog again, or refer to the transcript. Answer key 1 Pre-listening activity With this activity the scene is set and the learners’ attention focused on a specific content. The activity can be done either as an open activity or as group or pair work. Allow the learners a few minutes to prepare their ideas. The ideas can then be presented to the class. The trainer can increase interest by saying: Now, let’s find out if you are right, before starting to play the recording. Answer key (suggested) This suggests that the call will be about blame and faulty products. 2 Global listening activity Ask the learners to listen to the call for the first time. Explain that it is not important to understand everything at first, but just to try to get the gist of the conversation, make notes on the main advice given by the agent and answer the question: Does the caller feel that his problem has been understood? Conduct a class feedback session. 1. c 2. a 5. c 6. c 7. a 8. d B Focus on language This section deals with the past continuous/simple past (“interrupted past”), the second conditional, and some American idioms. 1 The interrupted past The “interrupted past” is when we describe a long action that was happening in the past and was interrupted by a short action. The long action is expressed using the past continuous and the short action with the simple past. We often do this when telling a story. A good way to illustrate this aspect is to draw a timeline on the board. I was explaining to the caller how to make the insurance claim (action 1) and the line went dead (action 2). past (short action 2) (action 1 in progress) Answer key (suggested) The caller feels that his problem has been understood. At the end of the call, he says, “Sure it’s straightforward what I have to do now.” The agent suggests that the caller cleans the battery compartment and tries lithium batteries before sending the camera for repair. 3. a 4. b 1 Lead in by reading the input box with your learners. This activity gives the learners the opportunity to explain in their own words what they understand by the “interrupted past,” and for the trainer to check if they have understood correctly. Answer key (suggested) Because an action that was in progress (expressed by using the past continuous) is interrupted by another shorter action (expressed by using the simple past). © Cambridge University Press 2010. Not for sale. Unit 5 1 Contact US! Online Trainer’s Manual 2 Learners can use their imagination to complete the mini-dialogs. Conduct a feedback session, asking all or some of the learners for their ideas. Answer key (suggested) 2. A: Where were you when the purse went missing? B: I was cleaning the garage when it went missing. 3. A: Why are you late for the meeting? B: I was driving to work and my car broke down on the way. 4. A: You promised the report by yesterday. B: I was just putting the finishing touches on it yesterday when I was urgently needed on another project. 5. A: How did you manage to crash the car? B: I was driving very carefully when a car came out of nowhere and crashed into me. 6. A: Did you burn the dinner again? B: Yes. I was watching a really interesting program on TV and I completely lost track of time. 3 Learners work in pairs and refer to the transcript to do this activity. Conduct a feedback session after completion of the activity. Answer key l. 44: “I was heading out of town in the car, and it was on the seat and it started beeping.” (excuse) l. 116: “I was using the wrong batteries and I had a similar problem.” (describing past action) l. 131: “I was using alcohol before.” (describing past action) realistic excuse using the past continuous. When all scenarios have been used, the person in the middle re-uses them, starting from the beginning, BUT excuses cannot be repeated, so learners will have to get creative! If learners do not come up with a realistic excuse, they lose 1 point. Everyone has 2 points to begin with. The last person to still have points wins. Each scenario is a peculiar or embarrassing situation. For example: Learner A: (picks up a card and reads it) I saw you climbing through the window of someone’s house last night. What were you doing? Learner B: Ahh, it was my mother’s house. I was trying to get in because she lost the keys. 2 The second conditional The main difficulty in the form of the second conditional is the use of the past tense to talk about present and/or future: If it was warmer, I would go swimming. Draw the learners’ attention to this special use of the past tense. The second conditional is used to talk about conditions that are improbable, impossible, or hypothetical. If I won a lot of money (improbable), I would go round the world. If I were you (impossible), I wouldn’t buy that car. If I were taller (hypothetical), I would be better at sports. These sentences can be written on the board. Elicit or draw attention to their functions. Ask learners to produce some examples of their own. Take learners through the information in the input box on the form and functions of the second conditional. Point out that we often use the second conditional to give advice. Examples: If I were you, I’d see a doctor. If you got more exercise, you would be fitter. 3 Extension The learners have just looked at a special use of the past continuous, which is to make an excuse about why something did or did not happen in the past. If time permits, try the following activity for further practice. Setting up the activity: Ask learners to stand in a circle around the room. Choose one learner to stand in the middle of the circle and give him/her the list of scenarios in Appendix 3. The learner in the middle of the circle asks each person in turn a question from the scenario sheet. The rules: Give the learners time to think of responses. Conduct a feedback session. Answer key (suggested) 1. A: I have an awful toothache! B: I would see a dentist if I were you. (giving advice) 2. A: Do you gamble your monthly salary on the horse races? B: If I had enough money to spend on gambling, I would use it to pay off my debts. (improbable) When the person in the middle asks a question, the person asked has five seconds to come up with a © Cambridge University Press 2010. Not for sale. Unit 5 2 Contact US! Online Trainer’s Manual 3. A: Can I drive your car into the city at top speed? B: I think the police would stop you if you did that. (hypothetical) Answer key (suggested) • head out: to leave A: When do you head out again? B: I’m leaving the day after tomorrow. 4. A: Would you like to win the lottery? B: Of course! If I won the lottery, I would buy a mansion. (improbable) • tell somebody off: to reprimand someone A: What was the problem with your boss this morning? B: She told me off because I hadn’t kept her informed. 5. A: Can you do double shifts at work all next week? B: If I had a baby-sitter to look after my son, I would be able to do double shifts. (hypothetical) • What’s up with it? What is wrong with it? A: What’s up with your car? B: I don’t know. It won’t start. 6. A: I don’t want to work hard, but I want to get into the best university. B: If I were you, I would decide which is more important because you cannot have it both ways. (giving advice) • has something to do with: is related / connected to A: Does the problem have anything to do with the batteries? B: I don’t know. I’ll try some other batteries and see if that solves the problem. Extension If time permits, you could use the following activity to help build awareness of the difference between the first and second conditional. This will also help learners improve their awareness of the difference between will and would. Show the class these two examples: 1. If you send it in early, sir, we will fix it right away. 2. If you sent it in early, sir, we would fix it right away. Elicit the key difference in meaning between sentences 1 and 2. The first sentence suggests a probable event and the outcome. While the second sentence suggests this event is improbable. Ask learners to create contexts for each of these two sentences. When would it be appropriate to use sentence 1 but not sentence 2, and vice-versa? As a further extension, ask learners to focus on the part of the sentence we will/would fix it right away. Often English language learners mistake would for a more polite form of will, which is incorrect and can cause communication breakdown. 3 American idioms (2) In this activity more idioms are introduced and practiced. (Idioms are also dealt with in Unit 1, Unit 3, and Unit 9.) 1 Give learners a maximum of ten minutes to move around the class and find out if anyone knows the meanings of one or more of the idioms. If there are any meanings still unclear after all knowledge has been pooled, the learners should be encouraged to use their dictionaries. Then, working in pairs, they can write two-line mini-dialogs contextualizing the five idioms. Conduct a feedback session. © Cambridge University Press 2010. Not for sale. • We’re all set now? Are we ready? A: Are we all set for the meeting? B: Yeah, sure. We can start any time. 2 Learners work in pairs or small groups. First they fill in the table and then they can brainstorm to find other phrasal verbs with send, head, set and turn, using the dictionary as a last resort. Conduct a feedback session and collect all the phrasal verbs the learners have found on the board. The learners can note the phrasal verbs and their meanings in their notebooks. Answer key (suggested) warning: heads up something that disgusts you: turn off to go to bed: turn in to celebrate someone leaving: send off to leave: head out / head off to explain: set out Here are some more idioms with the same verbs: send send packing: send away send in: send something to an organization or authority send on: send something (e.g., a document) you have received to another person send out: send something to a lot of different people at the same time; to signal send up: make fun of someone by impersonating them Unit 5 3 Contact US! Online Trainer’s Manual set set one back: cost a certain amount of money set straight: clarify set about: start doing something set off: to start a journey set up: establish something like a company; prepare equipment for use turn turn away: refuse entrance to someone turn down: reject an offer; reduce volume/ temperature, etc. turn into: become turn out: produce something; attend; turn off (a light) turn over: give to someone else turn to: look to someone else for assistance/comfort l. 40 “Um you said that the camera was … has been dropped, right?” l. 59 “You’re using a rechargeable Ultraenergy battery?” l. 63 “… have you tried other types of batteries, such as lithium?” 2 Learners work in small groups and discuss the questions. Monitor the groups and conduct a feedback session at the end of the activity. Answer key (suggested) 1. There were enough probing questions in this call to find out in a relatively short period of time what may have caused the problem with the camera. Extension Learners could be asked to put some of the additional phrasal verbs from part 2 into context. 2. These questions helped the agent perform her job by identifying the potential cause of the problem efficiently, as well as recommend solutions to the caller. Examples: My application was turned down because I didn’t have enough experience. A colleague retired last week, and we gave him a great send-off. 3. These questions led to a solution that might help the caller solve the problem quickly without the need to send the camera in for repair. This could be done as a written (homework) exercise and handed in for correction. 3 C Soft skills 1 Probing questions Call center agents often need to ask questions and probe for more detailed information. Probing skills are essential for gathering all the information necessary, and avoiding embarrassment in the case of sensitive topics (see also “Public and private information” in Unit 3, Section F (Intercultural matters). Read the information in the input box with your learners. Ask learners if they find it easy or difficult to gather detailed information. Discuss their experiences. The aim of this activity is to provide further practice in probing for details. The learners work in pairs for this activity. Give them time to read scenario1 and prepare a dialog in which the agent asks all the necessary questions and the caller answers. Change roles for scenario 2. While the learners are doing the role-plays, move around the class, observing, monitoring, and making notes for later feedback. Conduct a correction/feedback session after the role-play. If recording equipment is available, the role-plays can be recorded for self-evaluation purposes, or to allow more detailed trainer feedback or peer evaluation. Answer key (suggested) 1 Scenario 1 Learners work in pairs and highlight probing questions in the transcript. Conduct a feedback session at the end of the activity. In this scenario, the caller will be reluctant to admit that he/she dropped the phone several times. The key challenge in this scenario is to use probing questions effectively to find out how the phone was damaged but without making the caller feel hostile. Probing questions that could be used include: • So what brand and model number is this phone? • Would you like to keep the same color? • And can you tell me exactly what happened? How did the screen get damaged? Answer key (suggested) l. 14 “Can I have the first … the … return authorization number that you have?” l. 18 “Is your name Gary Sharpe?” l. 21 “OK, and phone number is 789-4763?” l. 26 “What charger are you using? A Rapid? Are you using a Rapid Charger?” © Cambridge University Press 2010. Not for sale. Unit 5 4 Contact US! Online Trainer’s Manual Scenario 2 Answer key (suggested) In this scenario, the key challenge is to probe politely around a potentially sensitive topic. The agent should not make value judgments (implicit or explicit) about the sleeping arrangements. Some probing questions used could include: • OK, a room for two. What bed arrangement would you like? Twin? Double? Queen? • Your first and last name please and those of your traveling companion? • And the check-in date is? • Any special requirements? Smoking, or wheelchair-accessible? Anything like that? 1. I’m sorry. I meant no disrespect by it Mr. Andrews. 2. Oh, I apologize for that. Is “Wavchowski” how I say it? 3. I’m sorry about that mixup – I was looking at the wrong file. You’re absolutely right. Our records show you’ve never made a late payment. My apologies. 4. Oh dear. Looks like someone made a typo when they entered the data. I’ll fix it right away. OK, that’s all changed now. Rest assured that no letters have been sent to the incorrect address in the past, so you haven’t missed anything as a result of this mixup. 2 Admitting mistakes It is important when admitting mistakes that the level of your apology is in keeping with the level of the mistake. For example, if you misspelled the caller’s name as J-O-N instead of J-O-H-N, then saying something like I’m deeply sorry about that would be inappropriate. However, if the caller is making a life insurance claim, but your records, mistakenly, show the caller’s husband is still alive, saying something like Oh, right. I’ve just realized there are some notes from your previous call would be extremely inappropriate. Read the information in the input box with your learners, talk about their own experiences, and discuss the best ways to admit mistakes. If time permits, elicit some apology gambits from the learners and write them on the board. Examples: I’m so sorry. I would like to apologize. I take full responsibility (for the mistake). I shouldn’t have (asked you that/said that). I know this was completely my fault. I’m terribly sorry, but I’m afraid I (overlooked the fact that )… 1 Learners work in pairs. Weaker groups can be given time to write down their mini-dialogs. Better learners can be encouraged to do the activity without preparation. Monitor the pairs and ensure not only that agents admit mistakes, repair the damage, and offer solutions, but also that their apologies are in keeping with the severity of the mistake. Prompt correction and make notes for a feedback session. © Cambridge University Press 2010. Not for sale. D Pronunciation Catenation and elision are also dealt with in Unit 3, Section D (Pronunciation). 1. Catenation: when a consonant at the end of one word is carried over to another Example: the battery compartment of the camera 2. Elision: when a sound “disappears”. Examples: I don’t know what happened to it? The objective of these activities is to deepen learners’ awareness of these features, help them to understand connected speech, and make their own language production sound more natural. 1 Silent consonants 1 Lead in by reading the information in the input box. The examples can be modeled by the trainer and repeated in chorus and/or individually by the learners. The learners work in groups and highlight or underline the consonants in the transcript which they think might “disappear” in spoken language. Answer key (suggested) l. 5: l. 11: l. 11: l. 17: l. 18: “I’m gonna send my camera in.” “And the information, my …” “I need to send in …” “eight three …” “just a moment …” Unit 5 5 Contact US! Online Trainer’s Manual 2 Answer key The learners practice saying the phrases they found in the transcript during part 1, using the recording as a model. Word Pronunciation basically basic’ly 3 vegetable veg’table Ask the learners to highlight the consonants they think will “disappear” in spoken language. In the feedback session they read out their sentences to the class. Ask for peer correction. Model sentences will be given in part 4. worsening wors’ning actually actu’ly automatically automatic’ly separate sep’rate primary prim’ry Answer key (suggested) 1. The meeting ran late this morning. 2. I haven’t seen him since last week. 2 3. What is her husband doing at the office? He should be at home. This activity can be done as a class activity or as pair work. Provide feedback at the end of the activity. 4. Can you hold just for a moment? I won’t be long. Answer key 5. I think that he would become the most valuable employee. espec’lly mem’ry batt’ries act’lly 6. Could you send that document to him today, please? 7. The hotel burned down last summer. 8. We have never spent our vacation near home. 4 Play Additional Listening D1 (1) to the class, stopping after each sentence. Ask the learners how close they and/or their peers were to the native speaker’s pronunciation. 2 Silent syllables Lead in by reading the information in the input box with your learners. The aim of this activity is to make learners aware that, although some words may appear in their written form to have three syllables, they are usually pronounced with only two. 3 In this activity words from part 1 and part 2 are contextualized and their pronunciation practiced once again. Monitor the pairs and prompt correction. E Read and explain The purpose of this section is for learners to practice reading a text, grasping the meaning quickly, and then explaining what they have read in their own words. In this section the learners also have the opportunity to practice skills learned in this unit so far: • giving suitable advice in a clear, comprehensible way, For example: • using the second conditional to give advice, comfortable should be pronounced comf-ta-ble not com-for-ta-ble • using the interrupted past and some idioms, basically should be pronounced ba-sic-ly not ba-si-cal-ly vegetable should be pronounced veg-table not veg-e-table 1 Learners work in pairs and fill in the column on the right. Play the recording (Additional Listening D1 (2)) to provide model answers. © Cambridge University Press 2010. Not for sale. • using clear pronunciation and the correct, natural use of connected speech. Learners skim the text for information. If possible, the given time limit (one minute) should be adhered to – or at least aimed for. The learners take turns to play the roles of agent and caller. Encourage the “callers” to ask questions for further clarification. Unit 5 6 Contact US! Online Trainer’s Manual Key points to focus on in this activity are: Answer key (suggested) • the agent should provide the caller with advice, drawing on the information in the text, To send two children to a college where tuition costs $20,000 a year for four-year courses with living expenses at $10,000 per year would cost $240,000. For a family with an average income of around $50,000 per year, this represents an extremely large financial commitment to make. Families often begin college funds for children as soon as they are born because saving up this amount of money takes many years. • the information the agent provides should be concise, not rambling, but he/she should be able to expand when more information is needed. Feedback can be given by the trainer or the partners. How clear was the agent’s advice? How did the agent respond to requests for further clarification? What about appropriate language choices and skillful use of the principles of connected speech? If there is time and recording equipment is available, the explanations can be recorded for self-evaluation purposes, or to allow detailed trainer feedback or peer evaluation. F Intercultural matters The objective of this section is to familiarize learners with American attitudes toward higher education and family ties. Remind learners of the important role the awareness of cultural differences plays in interaction, and encourage them to further increase their knowledge of the norms of other cultures. 2 Family ties You may want to introduce this topic by referring learners to Unit 1, Section F (Intercultural matters), in which retirement was covered, as this links up with the topic of family and families ties, and may help learners’ understanding of family culture in the United States. 1 Refer learners to information in Activity 1, part 1, under “Home or away?” Learners work in pairs to discuss what this fact says about American culture and family life. Monitor the pairs, prompt correction, and make notes for a feedback session. Answer key (suggested) 1 Higher education This fact suggests that American culture values and encourages the following: Introduce the topic by asking learners what they understand by “higher education” and what it involves in their country. • independence for young people (almost half live further than 100 miles from home) • family ties: the “other” half of the learners stays closer to home. This suggests that although independence is highly valued, family ties also play a major role for significant sections of society. 1 Ask the learners to read the information on higher education in the United States. They work in pairs and share their ideas to fill in the column “Your country.” If learners have access to data on education in their country, this can enrich the activity so long as the research stage is collaborative and does not take too long (5–10 minutes should suffice). After the learners have made notes comparing the United States with their own country, have them report back to the rest of the class and write salient points on the board. After this, elicit ideas on what the information about higher education in the United States might tell them about American culture. What, for example, does the fact that 29% of Americans finish college tell us? 2 Give the learners time to (re-)read the information on money matters in Unit 4, page 42. Learners then carry out a group discussion on the costs for a family of putting two children through college. Monitor the groups and make notes for a final feedback session. © Cambridge University Press 2010. Not for sale. • self-sufficiency: related to independence. The ability to look after oneself when living far from home in order to pursue a degree. 2 Lead in by reading the information in the input box with your learners. The learners work in groups to fill in the tables. Monitor the groups and make notes for the final feedback session. At the end of the activity ask one group to read out their answers to “Core values – Shared or different?” Other groups should say if they have noted down anything different. Then ask another group to read out their answers to “Non-core values – Shared or different?” and proceed in the same way. Finally deal with any language problems you noted in your monitoring session. Unit 5 7 Contact US! Online Trainer’s Manual Answer key (suggested) Core values Shared or different? (individual answers) 2. Independence 3. Nuclear family units 4. Saving to provide the best education for children 5. Freedom to live together before marriage 6. Completing high school education Non-core values Shared or different? (individual answers) 2. Marriage should not end in divorce 3. The elderly live with their families for support 4. Getting a job as soon as possible to support extended family 5. Completing college degree 6. Moving away from your hometown. 3 Learners refer to the transcript to find clues the caller gives about his lifestyle. Draw a table on the board with two columns: “Customer profile” and “Agent service skills needed.” Brainstorm the clues the learners have found, and the agent service skills needed. As learners come up with their ideas, they can be invited to fill in the table on the board. Answer key (suggested) Customer profile Agent service skills needed Caller has a son he wants to give the camera to. Caller’s son is at college and caller does not see him much. Since the son is probably quite far away (caller does not see him often), a good agent would understand that this camera being fixed is very important to the caller, and has an emotional impact on him as well. A good agent would be sympathetic to the problem and reassure the customer that the camera will be as good as new for his son to use. Caller is planning to give his son a second-hand camera. The camera he has bought runs on batteries that are cheap to replace (which was why the caller said he bought it). Since the caller is giving his son a second-hand camera that is cost-effective to maintain, we might infer that the caller is cost-conscious. Because we know that a college education is expensive, and that the caller is likely to be paying for it, this could mean that financial issues are difficult for this caller. A good agent will be sympathetic to the situation and look for cost-effective solutions (i.e., cheaper batteries) as well as highlighting solutions that are free (cleaning the camera himself / using repair services under warranty). © Cambridge University Press 2010. Not for sale. Unit 5 8 Contact US! Online Trainer’s Manual 4 Give learners time to think up some responses. Conduct a feedback session when the activity has been completed. Answer key (suggested) 2. Wow – that’s great. I bet she’ll enjoy New York. Do you think she’d appreciate something classy that will be very stylish, but won’t go out of fashion too quickly? Or would she like the latest in the fashion scene? We’ve got very affordable options in both cases. 3. Oh, I’m very sorry to hear that. That’s very kind of you to look after her. I’m sure she really appreciates it. Just to clarify, you’ll be putting your mother-in-law personally as a driver on your car insurance? G Role-play The learners work in pairs to play the caller and the agent. Give them time to read the scenario and their rolecards, and prepare for the role-play. Draw the agent’s attention to the information form on page 57. Ask the learners to review each of the sections in this unit and try to incorporate what they have learned into the role-play. Encourage them to make notes during their preparation on how they can incorporate language, pronunciation, soft skills, and intercultural skills into their roles. Specifically learners should practice: • listening to understand the purpose of the call and the feelings of the caller K agent • using the second conditional to give advice K agent The learners should sit back-to-back during the roleplay to simulate a telephone situation. While the learners are doing the role-play, move around the class, observing, monitoring, and making notes for later feedback. Conduct a correction/feedback session after the role-play. If recording equipment is available, the role-plays can be recorded for self-evaluation purposes, or to allow more detailed trainer feedback or peer evaluation. H Self-evaluation The purpose of this section at the end of the unit is for learners to reflect on what they found easy and difficult, and to plan for improvement. Encourage learners to spend time thinking about each section and to give honest responses. Once they have done this, you may want to suggest that they draw up objectives for self-study work to help them to reach their own goals for improvement. Learners should evaluate themselves in particular with regard to: • how confident they are listening to understand the purpose and details of the call and the feelings of the caller, • using the second conditional and the interrupted past, • how confident they are using idioms, • using language and soft skills to probe for details, give advice, and admit mistakes, • using connected speech in a natural way (“silent” letters and syllables), • their ability to read a text and synthesize information to answer a caller’s enquiry, • their knowledge of cultural norms in the USA concerning higher education and family ties. • using the interrupted past K agent and caller • using American idioms correctly K agent and caller • probing for detailed information K agent • admitting mistakes K agent • using connected speech in a natural way K agent and caller • understanding how cultural attitudes to higher education and family ties can impact calls K agent © Cambridge University Press 2010. Not for sale. Unit 5 9 Contact US! Online Trainer’s Manual Appendix 3 (Unit 5: Focus on Language 1 , Activity 3, Extension) Scenarios A I saw you climbing through the window of someone’s house last night. B I saw you leaving the movie theater with a girl/guy that wasn’t your girlfriend/boyfriend. C I saw you running down the street. I said hello but you ran right past me. D I saw you at a nightclub, but you’d told me earlier that you were tired and didn’t want to go out. E I saw you at work last night in the boss’ office. No one was there. F I saw you last night shouting at someone on the street. G I saw you yesterday wearing a swimsuit in the library. H I saw you in my neighborhood last week. But you live so far from there. I I saw you dancing on a table in a restaurant last night. © Cambridge University Press 2010. Not for sale. Unit 5 10 PHOTOCOPIABLE
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