kl/R5]b !
kl/ro
!=! cjwf/0ff tyf ljsf;
;xsf/L ;+:yf ;+o'Qm :jfldTj tyf nf]stflGqs ¿kdf cfkm\gf
;femf cfly{s, ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts cfjZostf Pj+ cfsf+Iff kl/k"lt{
ug{ :j]lR5s ¿kdf Psh'6 x'g] JolQmx¿sf] :jfoQ ;+u7g xf] .
;xsfl/tfdf cfTdlge{/tf, :j–pQ/bfloTj, nf]stGq, ;dfgtf,
;fdflhs Gofo / P]S] oa4tf h:tf d"No dfGotfx¿nfO{ cfwf/e"t
¿kdf c+uLsf/ ul/Psf] x'G5 . o:t} ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf ;b:ox¿n]
Odfgbfl/tf, v'nfkg, ;fdflhs bfloTj, c¿ k|ltsf] ;+j]bgzLntf
Pjd\ ;sf/fTds rf;f] /fVg] h:tf g}lts d"Nox¿df ljZjf; /fvL
;f]xL cg';f/sf] cfrf/0f cfTd;fy u/]sf x'G5g\ . ;xsf/Lsf]
d"NodfGotfnfO{ Jojxf/df ptfg{ lgDgadf]lhdsf ;ftj6f dfu{bz{s
l;4fGtx¿nfO{ cl3 ;fl/Psf] 5 M
• :j]lR5s tyf v'Nnf ;b:otf,
• ;b:ox¿4f/f k|hftflGqs lgoGq0f,
• ;b:ox¿sf] cfly{s ;xeflutf,
• :jfoQtf Pj+ cfTdlge{/tf,
• lzIff, tflnd / ;"rgf,
• ;xsf/L–;xsf/LaLr ;xsfo{,
• ;d'bfo k|lt rf;f] .
pko'{Qm adf]lhdsf ;ft l;4fGtx? dWo] ha Pp6fnfO{ a]jf:tf
ul/G5 ;a} ck"0f{ x'G5g\ . ;xsfl/tfnfO{ s'g} Pp6f dfq l;4fGtsf
cfwf/df lgSof]{n ug{ ;lsFb}g . ;xsfl/tfnfO{ ;Dk"0f{tfdf x]l/g' kb{5 .
;xsfl/tfn] :jfjnDag / ;IfdtfnfO{ a9fjf lbFb} cfly{s tyf
;fdflhs ¿kfGt/0fdf ;3fp k'¥ofpg]5 . ljZjsf sltko /fi6«x¿sf]
cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs pTyfgdf ;xsf/L cfGbf]ngn] dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg
k'¥ofPsf] kfOG5 . ;xsfl/tfnfO{ /fi6«sf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs
1
nIo;Fu cfa4 u/L pNn]Vo pknlAw xfl;n ug{ ;Ifd ePsf
d'n'sx¿ Kf|z:t /x]sf 5g\ . lglb{i6 ;femf p2]Zox¿ xfl;n ug{sf
nflu JolQmx¿ ldn]/ ;xsf/Lsf] ;+/rgfnfO{ kl/rflnt ug'{ g}
;xsfl/tfsf] d"n dfGotf xf] . ;xsf/L cfGbf]ng o'/f]kdf 8]9 ;o
jif{cl3 ;'? ePsf] xf] eg] blIf0f Pl;ofdf Ps ;o jif{ cl3 /
g]kfndf krf; jif{ cl3 yfngL ePsf] kfOG5 . 5l/Psf] k'FhL, ;Lk /
>dnfO{ Pslqt u/L ;fd"lxs pknlAw xfl;n ug{df ;xsfl/tfn] 7f];
of]ubfg k'¥ofpg]5 . æ;a}sf nflu Ps / Pssf nflu ;a}Æ eGg] gf/f
g} ;xsf/L cfGbf]ngsf] d"n dGq xf] .
g]kfndf lj=;=@)!) ;fndf ;xsf/L ljefusf] :Yffkgfkl5
;xsf/L If]qsf] ljsf; cf/De ePsf] xf] . @)!# ;fn r}q @) ut]
klxnf] ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ¿kdf lrtjg lhNnfdf avfg ax'p4]ZoLo
;xsf/L ;+:yf btf{ ePsf] lyof] . lj=;=@)!^ ;fndf klxnf] k6s
P]gsf] lgdf{0f eP b]lv ;xsf/LtfnfO{ a}wflgstf lbPsf] b]lvG5 .
;xsf/L If]qsf] ljsf;sf nflu @)$* ;fn cl3 klg k|of;x¿
ul/Psf] lyof] tyflk ;xsf/L l;4fGt cg's"n k|hftflGqs jftfj/0fsf]
cefjdf ;xsf/Lsf pBd Aoj;fosf] k|j4{g x'g] cj:yf eg] lyPg .
tTsfnLg k~rfotL zf;g sfndf ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ¿kdf /fHo
:jo+sf] Joj:yfkgdf ;femf ;+:yfx¿sf] :yfkgf ul/of] . t/ k|ToIf
hg;xeflutfsf] cefjsf] sf/0fn] oL k|of;x? lbuf] x'g ;s]gg\ .
@)$^ ;fnsf] /fhgLlts kl/jt{g kZrft\ ;xsfl/tfsf] l;4fGt,
d"No / dfGotfx¿nfO{ b[li6ut u/]/ ;xsf/L P]g, @)$* nfu" ul/of]
h;af6 ;xsf/L ;+:yfx¿sf] ;+VofTds j[l4df 7"nf] ;3fp k'Ug uPsf]
5 . g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f #% -@_ df æ;/sf/,
;xsf/L / lghL If]qsf] dfWodaf6 d'n'ssf] cy{tGqsf] ljsf; ug]{
gLlt /fHon] cjnDag ug]{5Æ eGg] k|fjwfg pNn]v ul/Paf6 g]kfndf
klxnf] k6s ;+ljwfgdf g} ;xsfl/tfnfO{ dfGotf lbP/ ;xsf/L If]qsf]
ljsf;nfO{ :ki6 lbzflgb]{z ug]{tkm{ kxn ePsf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} xfn
g]kfndf ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx¿sf] ;~hfn b]zJofkL ¿kdf lj:tf/
ePsf] 5 . xfn d'n'sdf #! xhf/ eGbf a9L k|f/lDes ;xsf/L
2
;+:yfx¿, !* j6f ljifout s]Gb|Lo ;+3x¿, ! j6f /fli6«o ;xsf/L
a}+s, ! j6f /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3, ^( j6f lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+3 / @$!
j6f ljifout lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+3x¿ lqmofzLn /x]sf 5g\ . oL
;+3;+:yfx¿df sl/a $% nfv ;b:ox¿ cfa4 /x]sf 5g\ . s'n
;b:ox¿dWo] dlxnf ;xeflutf $$ k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . g]kfndf
dlxnfx¿åf/f dfq ;~rflnt #^)) eGbf a9L ;xsf/L ;+:yfx¿
lqmofzLn 5g\ . lhNnfut ;xsf/L ;+:yfx¿sf] ljj/0f cg';rL–! df
lbOPsf] 5 . ;xsf/L If]qaf6 jflif{s sl/a ?= # va{sf] cfly{s
sf/f]af/ x'g] u/]sf] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . s'n ljQLo sf/f]af/df
;xsf/Lsf] lx:;f !* k|ltzt eGbf a9L /x]sf] 5 . ;xsf/L
;+:yfx¿sf] s'n z]o/ k'FhL ?= #( ca{, ;+slnt art lgIf]k /sd ?=
!^# ca{ / nufgL ?= !%* ca{ /x]sf] 5 . ;xsf/L If]qn] d'n'ssf] s'n
ufx{:y pTkfbgdf # k|ltzt of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf] cg'dfg 5 . ;xsf/L
;+3 ;+:yfx¿df %# xhf/eGbf a9L g]kfnL gful/sn] k|ToIf /f]huf/L
k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ . dlxnf, cflbjf;L÷hghflt, blnt, dw];L,
d'l:ndnufot lk5l8Psf] ju{ / If]qsf ;d'bfosf] ;xsf/Ldf kx'r
F
a9\g uPsf]n] hg;xeflutfdf ;d]t pNn]vgLo j[l4 ePsf] 5 . /fHo
/ lghL :t/sf] kxF'r gk'u]sf If]q tyf ;d'bfodf ;d]t ;xsfl/tfsf]
dfWodaf6 pBdzLntfsf] ljsf; x'g yfn]sf] 5 .
;xsf/L ;+:yfx¿sf] btf{ vf/]hL, cg'udg, d'Nof+sg /
k|lzIf0fsf nflu #* lhNnfdf ;xsf/L ljefu cGtu{tsf lgsfox¿
:yfkgf ul/Psf 5g\ . o;}u/L ;xsf/L cfGbf]ngdf ;3fp k'¥ofpg
;+of]hgsf/L e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ u/L ljz]if P]g cGtu{t lj=;+= @)$(
df /fli6«o ;xsf/L ljsf; af]8{sf] :yfkgf ePsf] 5 . ;xsf/L
;+:yfx¿nfO{ ;xh ¿kdf ljQLo ;3fp k'¥ofpg @)^) ;fndf /fli6«o
;xsf/L a}+ssf] :yfkgf ;d]t ul/Psf] 5 . o;}u/L ;xsf/L P]gdf
pNn]lvt k|fjwfg adf]lhd lhNnf, s]Gb|Lo tyf /fli6«o:t/sf ;xsf/L
;+3x¿ /xg] Joj:yfn] ;xsf/L cfGbf]ngnfO{ cl3 a9fpgdf ;3fp
k'Ug] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .
3
pko'{Qm adf]lhdsf ;sf/fTds kIfx¿sf] afah'b g]kfnsf]
;xsf/L If]qn] ck]Iffs[t k|ult xfl;n ug{ g;s]sf] egfOnfO{ gsfg{
;lsg] l:ylt 5}g . o;sf] d'Vo sf/0fx¿df ;xsf/L If]qn] d'n'ssf]
cfly{s l:yltdf pNn]Vo of]ubfg ug{ g;Sg' / ;xsf/L ;+:yfx¿df
cfa4 clwsf+z dflg;x¿sf] cfly{s l:yltdf ;'wf/ x'g g;Sg'nfO{
lng ;lsG5 .
!=@ r'gf}tL tyf ;d:ofx¿
g]kfndf ;xsf/L If]qsf] ljsf;sf] ljut kfFr bzseGbf a9L
cjlwdf eP u/]sf k|of;x¿sf] afah'b ;xsf/L If]qsf] ck]lIft
ljsf; x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ljleGg r'gf}tL tyf ;d:ofx¿ ljBdfg
/x]af6 ;xsf/L If]qsf] ljsf;df cj/f]wx¿ b]vf kl//x]sf 5g\ .
cfjlws of]hgfx¿ / ;xsf/L ;DaGwL ljleGg k|sfzg tyf
k|ltj]bgx¿sf] cWoog ljZn]if0f ubf{ ;xsf/L If]qsf] ljsf;tkm{ xfn
ljBdfg k|d'v ljleGg r'gf}tL tyf ;d:ofx¿ lgDgadf]lhd b]lvPsf
5g\ M
• bL3{sflng ;f]r ;lxtsf] bL3{sfnLg ;xsf/L of]hgf th'{df x'g
;s]sf] 5}g,
• ;xsf/L ;+:yfx¿sf] lgodg tyf cg'udgsf nflu cfrf/;+lxtfdf
kl/dfh{g x'g ;s]sf] 5}g,
• ;xsf/L If]qsf] ;+/rgfTds / ;Ë7gfTds Joj:yf ckof{Kt Pj+
ck|efjsf/L /x]sf] 5,
• cf}krfl/s ;xsf/L lzIff, tflnd tyf Jojl:yt ;xsf/L Pj+
;rgf k|0ffnL / ;"rgf ;Dk|]if0fsf] sdL /x]sf] 5,
• ;xsf/L ;+3;+:yfx¿df Jofj;flos g]t[Tj ljsf;, Jofj;flos
Ifdtf Pj+ k'FhLsf] cefj /xg'sf ;fy} ;xsf/L ;+3;+:yfx¿aLr
cfk;L ;xof]usf] sdL /x]sf] 5,
• art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yfx¿sf] lgodg tyf lg/LIf0fsf nflu
;d'lrt ;+:yfut Joj:yf x'g ;s]sf] 5}g,
4
• ;xsf/L ;+:yfx¿df ;xsf/Lsf] dNo, dfGotf tyf l;4fGtsf]
kfngf x'g g;s]sf] cg'ej ul/Psf] 5,
• ;xsf/L;DaGwL lzIff, ;rgf / tflndsf] ckof{Kttfn] ;xsf/L
;+:yfx¿sf] Joj:yfksLo 1fg / bIftf ;'b9[ x'g ;s]sf] 5}g,
• ;xsf/L ;+:yfx¿sf] ;+:yfut ljsf;df ;3fp k'Ug] u/L ;xsf/L
ljefu / dftxtdf sfof{nox¿sf] sfo{Ifdtfdf ck]lIft ;'wf/ x'g
;s]sf] 5}g .
!=# ljBdfg cj;/x¿
ljBdfg l:yltdf ;xsf/L If]qn] ljleGg afwf cj/f]wx¿sf]
;fdgf ug'{k/] tfklg o; If]qdf ljleGg cj;/x¿ ljBdfg /x]sf
5g\ . g]kfnsf] ;xsf/L If]qdf ljBdfg cj;/x¿af/] cfjlws of]hgf
tyf cGo ;Da4 b:tfj]hx¿nfO{ cWoog ubf{ lgDgadf]lhdsf
cj;/x¿ ljBdfg /x]sf] kfOG5 M
• cGtl/d ;+ljwfgn] nf]ssNof0fsf/L cfly{s ljsf;sf] gLlt
cjnDag ug]{ qmddf ;xsf/L If]qsf] eldsfnfO{ dxTj lbPsf]
5,
• /fHoåf/f ;xsf/L If]qnfO{ /fli6««o ljsf;sf tLg :tDedWo] Ps
;an :tDesf] ¿kdf x]l/Psf] 5,
• ;xsf/L ljefusf] ;Ë7g ;~hfn xfn #* lhNnfdf /x]sf] 5,
• ;xsf/L ;+3x¿sf] lhNnfb]lv /fli6«o:t/;Ddsf] ;~hfn ljsf;
eO;s]sf] 5,
• ;xsf/L cfGbf]ngnfO{ cl3 a9fpg ;+of]hgsf/L eldsf lgjf{x
ug]{ u/L ljz]if P]g cGtu{t /fli6«o ;xsf/L ljsf; af]8{ u7g
ul/Psf] 5,
• ;xsf/L ;+:yfnfO{ cfjZos kg]{ ljQLo ;xof]u ;xhtf Pj+
;/ntfsf ;fy pknAw u/fpg /fli6«o ;xsf/L ljsf; a}+s
;~rfngdf NofOPsf] 5,
5
• ;xsfl/tfsf] ljsf;sf nflu u|fdL0f tyf ;x/L If]qdf ;–;fgf
art kl/rfngsf ;Defjgfx¿, n3' pBd shf{sf nflu kof{Kt
dfu / cfly{s Pj+ ;f+:s[lts ;zQmLs/0fsf ;Defjgfx¿
ljBdfg /x]sf 5g\,
• pTkfbg, k|zf]wg, ahf/ Joj:yf, :jf:Yo, lzIff, lj1fg k|ljlw,
oftfoft, ;~rf/, ljB't\, cfjf;, ladf cflbh:tf If]qx¿df
;xsf/Ldfkm{t nufgL ug{df cfsif{0f a9]sf] 5,
• s[ifs, jg pkef]Qmf, hn pkef]Qmf / dlxnf ;dxx¿
;xsf/Lk|lt cfslif{t x'g' / dlxnfåf/f ;~rflnt ;xsf/L
;+:yfsf] ;+Vofdf j[l4 x'g' klg ;xsf/L If]qsf nflu ;sf/fTds
/x]sf] 5 .
!=$ g]kfndf ;xsf/Ltfsf] ;+:yfut ljsf; M
g]kfnL ;dfhdf ;xsf/Ltfsf] Oltxf; w]/} k'/fgf] 5 . xfd|f] k"jL{o ;dfhdf
;xsf/L ;DjGwL ultljlwx? w]/} cufl8 b]lv ;+rfng x'Fb} cfPsf lyP .
tTsfnLg cj:yfdf g]kfnL ;dfhdf wd{esf/L, l9s'6L, kd{, lsk6 tyf
u'7Lsf] ?kdf ;+rflnt k'j{ ;xsf/Lsf :j?kx? Hofb} k|rlnt lyP . log}
k'j{ ;xsf/Lx?nfO{ kl/dfh{g / ljsf; ub}{ ;xsf/L k|0ffnLnfO{ cfly{s tyf
;fdflhs ljsf;sf] cfwf/sf] ?kdf ljsf; ug]{ / u|fld0f ljsf;sf] pko'Qm
/ k|efjsf/L dfWodsf] ?kdf pkof]u ug]{ k|of;nfO{ ;+:yfut ug]{ qmddf
lj=;+= @)!) ;fndf tTsfnLg of]hgf, ljsf; tyf s[lif dGqfno cGt{ut
;xsf/L ljefusf] :yfkgf ePsf] lyof] .
;xsf/L If]qsf] lgodg, lgoGq0f / ;+rfngsf] nflu sfg'gL Aoj:yfkg
ug{ ;j{k|yd @)!! ;fndf ;xsf/L ;ldltsf] jLn–@)!! tof/ u/L
;Nnfxsf/ ;efdf k]z ePsf] lyof] . ;+;bsf] pkl:ylt gx'bf pQm jLn
:jLs[t x'g g;Sbf sfof{Gjogdf cfpg ;s]g . To; cj:yfdf ;xsf/L
k4ltsf] ljsf;sf] nflu tTsfnLg ;/sf/n] sfo{sf/L cfb]z hf/L u/L
lrtjg lhNnfdf lj=;+= @)!# r}q @) ut] klxnf] k6s jvfg ax'p2]ZoLo
;xsf/L ;+:yf nufot @) j6f ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] u7g ug]{ sfd eof]] .
d'n'sdf k|yd k+raifL{o of]hgf -@)!#–@)!*_ nfu' eO{ pQm cjlwdf $%)
6
;xsf/L ;+:yfx? u7g ug]{ nIo lgwf{/0f eof] . o;/L ;xsf/L k|0ffnLnfO{
;+:yfut ug]{ qmddf ;xsf/L ;+:yf P]g– @)!^ / ;xsf/L lgodx?—
@)!*, hf/L eO{ nfu' ul/of] . tTsfnLg /fhgLlts k|0ffnL;+u ;';+ut x'g]
lsl;dn] ;femf ;+:yf P]g, @)$! / ;femf ;+:yf lgodfjnL, @)$# hf/L
u/L nfu' ul/of] . lj=;= @)$^ ;fnsf] /fhgLlts kl/jt{g kl5 dfq
cGt/f{li6|o ;xsf/L l;4fGt ;+u tfbDotf sfod x'g] u/L ;xsf/L P]g,
@)$* / ;xsf/L lgodfjnL, @)$( hf/L u/L nfu' u/] kZrft ;xsf/L
;+3 ;+:yfx? :jtM:km't{ ?kdf u7g / ;+rfng x'g] k4ltsf] yfngL x'g]
jftfj/0fsf] ;[hgf x'g k'Uof] . xfn ;xsf/L ljefun] ;xsf/L
;+3÷;+:yfx?sf] btf{, lgodg, tfnLd tyf k|j4{g nufotsf sfo{x? ub}{
cfPsf]5 .
!=% g]kfndf ;xsf/Ltfsf] ljsf; ;+aGwdf ePsf gLltut Joj:yfx?M
g]kfndf ;j{k|yd lj=;=@)!) ;fndf of]hgf ljsf; tyf s[lif dGqfnosf]
dftxtdf ;xsf/L ljefusf] :yfkgf ePsf] lyof] . lj=;+=@)!# ;fndf
tTsflng ;/sf/sf] sfo{sf/L cfb]zdf lrtjg lhNnfdf avfg ax'p4]ZoLo
;xsf/L ;+:yf ;d]tsf @) j6f k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? :yfkgf ePsf
lyP . tTsflng cj:yfdf af9L lkl8t s[ifsx?nfO{ k'gj{f; u/fpg] / s[lif
C0fsf] Aoj:yf u/L /fxt pknAw u/fpg] p2]Zon] lrtjg lhNnfdf
vf]lnPsf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] sfdjf6 lzIff lnP/ g]kfn ;/sf/ åf/f
d'ns
' e/ ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? vf]Ng] nIo lgwf{/0f ul/of] . o;} l;nlznfdf
;+:yfut sfg'gL Aoj:yf ug{ klxnf] k6s ;xsf/L ;+:yf P]g, @)!^ hf/L
u/L nfu' ul/of] . o; P]gsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ug{ ;xsf/L
lgodx?,@)!* ;d]t hf/L eof] . pNn]lvt P]g lgodsf] kl/lw eLq
;/sf/L lgb]z
{ g / lgoGq0fdf tTsflng cj:yfdf u7g ePsf ;xsf/L
;+3–;+:yfx?n] s[lif Aoj;fosf] ljsf; / s[lif ahf/sf] k|j4{gsf] nflu
dxTjk'0f{ sfdsf] yfngL ug{ k'us
] f] b]lvG5 . ljz]if u/L s[lif ;dfu|Lx?sf]
cfk'tL{df ;'lglZrttf ug{ / cfjZos s[lif C0fsf] Aoj:yfjf6 pTkfbg /
pTkfbsTj a[l4 u/L cfd s[ifsx?sf] hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ Nofpg]] p2]Zon]
;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] :yfkgf ePsf] b]lvG5 . ;xsf/Ltfsf] ;+:yfut
ljsf; ug{ ljleGg ;dodf ePsf gLltut / sfg'gL k|of;nfO{ lgDgfg';f/
7
k|:t't ug{ ;lsG5 M
1= g]kfndf ;j{ky
| d lj=;= @)!) ;fndf of]hgf ljsf; tyf s[lif
dGqfnosf] dftxtdf ;xsf/L ljefusf] :yfkgf ePsf] lyof]
2= lj=;=@)!# df ;xsf/L ;+:yf u7gsf] nflu ;/sf/ 4f/f sfo{sf/L
cfb]z hf/L u/L lrtjg lhNnfdf !# j6f k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?
u7g,
3= lj=;=@)!% df ;xsf/L ljefu cGt/ut u|fd ljsf; Anssf]
k|zf;lgs lgoGq0fdf sd{rf/Lx? v6fO{ ;xsf/L k|j4{gsf sfo{x?sf]
yfngL
4= lj=;=@)!^ df ;xsf/L ;+:yf P]g, @)!^ hf/L
5= lj=;=@)!& df ;xsf/L ljsf; sf]ifsf] :yfkgf
6= lj=;=@)!* df ;xsf/L lgodx? @)!* hf/L, ;femf ;+:yf lnld6]8sf]
:yfkgf u/L ;femf oftfoft, ;femf k|sfzg, ;femf e08f/,;femf
:jf:Yo / ;femf k;nsf] :yfkgf ul/Psf], ;xsf/L ;+:yf P]g,@)!^ df
k|yd ;+;f]wg ul/Psf]
7= lj=;=@)!( df s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf ePsf],
;xsf/L a}s P]g hf/L ePsf] / ;xsf/L ljefu k+rfot dGqfnosf]
dftxtdf ;fl/Psf]
8= lj=;=@)@) df ;xsf/L a}ssf] :yfkgf, u|fd ljsf; AnsnfO{
k+rfotdf kl/0ft u/L lhNnf k+rfotdf ;xsf/L zfvf /flvPsf]
9= lj=;=@)@! df ;xsf/L ljefusf] sfo{If]q eLq /x]sf sd{rf/Lx?
e'ld;'wf/ sfo{sd
| df v6fOPsf],
10= lj=;=@)@# df ;xsf/L ljefunfO{ e'ld;'wf/ s[lif tyf vfB
dGqfnodf /fvL ;xsf/L ljefudf sfd ug]{ sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ e'ld;'wf/
sfo{sd
| df nufOPsf]
11= lj=;=@)@$ df ;xsf/L a}snfO{ s[lif ljsf; a}sdf uflePsf] tyf
ufp kms{ /fli6|o cleofgsf] sfo{sd
| df ;xsf/LnfO{ ;dfa]z ul/Psf]
12= lj=;=@)@% df ;xsf/L ljefujf6 x'b} cfPsf] ;+:yf btf{ tyf ;+rfng
;DjGwL sfd e'ld;'wf/ ljefunfO{ ;'lDkPsf]
13= lj=;=@)@^ df ;xsf/L ljefunfO{ e'ld;'wf/ dGqfno cGt/ut
/fvLPsf], eQmk'/ lhNnfdf e'ld;'wf/ sfo{sd
| jf6 ;+slnt clgjfo{
art ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;]o/sf] ?kdf x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf], ;xsf/L
8
;+:yf btf{ tyf ;+rfng ;DjGwL sfd e'ld;'wf/ ljefujf6 k'g
;xsf/L ljefudf lkmtf{ ePsf], ;xsf/L vl/b las|L tyf C0f ;+3
lhNnf ;femf ;+3df kl/0ft ePsf]
14= lj=;=@)@& df ;xsf/L ;+:yf P]g,@)!^ df bf]>f] ;+;f]wg ul/Psf],
;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] Aoj:yfkgsf] lhDd]jf/L s[lif ljsf; a}snfO{ lbPsf],
s]Gb| tyf lhNnf :t/df ;xsf/L ;'b9[ Ls/0f ;ldltsf] Aoj:yf ul/Psf]
15= lj=;=@)## df ;femf sfo{sd
| cGt/ut #) lhNnfsf x/]s uf=lj=;=df
ax'd'lv ;femf ;+:yfsf] :yfkgf, ;femf sfo{sd
| dfkm{t hg;+Vof
lzIffsf] yfngL, s[lif ;xsf/Lx?sf] ljsf;df Plss[t cjwf/0f
ljifos cGt//fli6|o uf]i6Lsf] cfof]hgf, s]Gb|Lo ;femf ljsf;
;ldltsf] Aoj:yf, ;xsf/L lgodx? @)!* df bf]>f] ;+;f]wg, clgjfo{
art ;femf ;+:yfsf] ;]o/sf] ?kdf kl/0ft ul/of],
16= lj=;=@)#$ df ;femf ;+:yf k|zf;g tyf cfly{s lgod @)#$ sf]
Aoj:yf ePsf],
17= lj=;=@)#% df ;femf ;+:yfsf] Aoj:yfkgsf] lhDd]jf/L s[lif ljsf;
a}sjf6 k'g ;+rfns ;ldltdf lkmtf{, ;femf sfo{sd
| sf] u'0ffTds
ljsf;sf] nflu ;femf ;+:yfx?sf] Plss/0f sfo{sd
| sf] ;+rfng, ;femf
;+3 ;+:yfsf] cfly{s tyf k|zf;lgs lgod @)#% sf] Aoj:yf,
18= lj=;=@)#& df g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)!( sf] bf]>f] ;+;f]wg u/L /fHosf]
lgb]{zs l;4fGtdf tfnfO{ cfly{s d]?b08sf] ?kdf ;dfa]z ul/Psf],
;femf ;+3 ;+:yfsf] cfly{s tyf k|zf;lgs lgod @)#& sf] Aoj:yf,
19= lj=;=@)$! df ;xsf/L ;+:yf P]g, @)!^ vf/]h ul/ ;femf ;+:yf P]g,
@)$! hf/L,
20= lj=;=@)$@ df ;xsf/L ljefusf] gfd kl/jt{g ul/ ;femf ljsf;
ljefu /fv] kl5 ;lassf] ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|, If]qLo ;xsf/L
sfof{no / lhNnf ;xsf/L sfof{nosf] gfd s|dzM;femf ljsf;
k|lzIf0f s]Gb|, If]qLo ;femf ljsf; sfof{no / ;femf ljsf; zfvf
/flvof],
21= lj=;=@)$# df ;femf ;+:yf lgodx? @)$# hf/L, /fli6«o ;femf
uf]i6Lsf] cfof]hgf,
22= lj=;=@)$$ df ;femf ljsf; ljefu s[lif dGqfnodf ;dfj]z,
pRr:t/Lo ;femf ljsf; s]Gb|Lo ;dGjo ;ldltsf] u7g,
9
lj=;=@)$% df clgjfo{ art artstf{nfO{ lkmtf{ lbg] 3f]if0ff, !&
;b:oLo /fli6«o ;xsf/L dxf;+3 k/fdz{ ;ldltsf] u7g / k|ltj]bg
k|:t't,
24= lj=;=@)$^ df /fli6«o ;femf ;+u7gsf] nflu tby{ ;ldlt u7g,
25= lj=;=@)$& df & ;b:oLo /fli6«o ;xsf/L dxf;+3 k/fdz{ ;ldltsf]
u7g / k|ltj]bg k|:t't, /fli6|o ;xsf/L ljsf; uf]i6Lsf] cfof]hgf
26= lj=;=@)$* df ;femf s]Gb|Lo sfo{ ;ldltsf] lj36g, !! ;b:oLo
/fli6«o ;xsf/L ljsf; af]8s
{ f] u7g, ;femf ;+:yf P]g, @)$! vf/]h
u/L ;xsf/L P]g @)$* hf/L,
27= lj=;=@)$( df ;xsf/L lgodfjnL hf/L, ;femf ljsf; ljefusf] gfd
kl/jt{g e} ;xsf/L ljefu /xg uof]
28= lj=;= @)%) df /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3, s]Gb|Lo art tyf C0f ;xsf/L
;+3, s]Gb|Lo pkef]Qmf ;xsf/L ;+3 / s]Gb|Lo b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L
;+3sf] u7g, ;xsf/L ;'b[9Ls/0f pRr:t/Lo ;ldlt u7g / k|ltj]bg
k|:t't,
29= lj=;= @)%& df ;xsf/L P]g @)$* df ;+;f]wg, ;xsf/L ;'w
' f/
;'emfj ;ldlt u7g / k|ltj]bg k|:t't,
30= lj=;=@)%* df ;xsf/L P]g @)$* cGt/ut /fl6«o ;xsf/L a}s
+
ln=btf{ eO{ sfo{s|d ;+rfng .
31= lj=;=@)^! df ;xsf/L ljefusf] ;+/rgf kl/jt{g, ^* lhNnfdf /x]sf
;xsf/L sfof{nosf] ;+Vof s6f}tL u/L #* lhNnfdf l8lehg ;xsf/L
sfof{no :yfkgf .
32= ;xsf/L ljefujf6 ldlt @)^$.&.@! df ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfsf] lgodg
lgb]l{ zsf hf/L .
33= ;xsf/L] lgodg lgb]l{ zsf kl/dfh{g u/L ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfsf] btf{
tyf lgodg ;DjGwL dfkb08 @)^% hf/L .
34= ;xsf/L] lgodg lgb]l{ zsf kl/dfh{g u/L ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfsf] btf{
tyf lgodg ;DjGwL dfkb08 @)^^ hf/L .
35= @)^& ;fndf ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfsf] btf{ tyf lgodg ;DjGwL
dfkb08 @)^% df kl/dh{g .
36= ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfsf] btf{, ;+rfng, n]vfk/LIf0f, cg'udg tyf
lgodg ;DjGwL dfkb08 @)^* hf/L .
23=
10
@)^( ;fn h]i7df ;xsf/L If]qsf] nflu 5'§} ;xsf/L tyf ul/aL
lgjf/0f dGqfnosf] :yfkgf ePsf] .
38= g]kfn ;/sf/af6 /fli6«o ;xsf/L gLlt, @)^( :jLs[t u/L hf/L
ePsf] .
37=
!=^ ;/sf/ / ;xsf/L If]q jLrsf] ;dGjo
1=
2=
3=
4=
5=
6=
7=
8=
9=
;xsf/L tyf ul/jL lgjf/0f dGqfno– ;xsf/L If]qsf] gLlt lgdf{0f,
k|j4{g, ljsf;, la:tf/ tyf ;/sf/ / ;xsf/L If]qaLrsf] ;dGjosf/L
e'ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ lgsfo .
/fli6«o ;xsf/L ljsf; jf]8{–;xsf/L If]qsf] gLlt lgZn]if0f, k|j4{g,
ljsf;, la:tf/ / cfjZostf cg';f/ k/fdz{ / sfg'gL ;xof]u .
;xsf/L ljefu– ;xsf/L P]g, @)$* ;xsf/L lgodfjnL @)$( /
cGo ;DjlGwt lgodx?sf] sfof{Gjog lgsfo . sfg'gtM ;xsf/L
If]qsf] lgodgsf/L lgsfo xf] ;xsf/L ljefu .
;xsf/L ljefu cGt/ut s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|–!, ;xsf/L
k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no–% / l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no–##
/x]sf 5g . s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|af6 ljz]ifu/L k|lzIfs
k|lzIf0f / Joj;flos k|sl[ tsf clws[t:t/Lo k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd
;+rfng x'b} cfPsf 5g\ .
;xsf/L ljefu / o; cGt/ut ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg
sfof{no–% / l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no–## jf6 ljleGg ;xsf/L
;+:yf tyf ;+3x?sf] btf{, lgodg, tfnLd / cg'udg lg/LIf0fsf]
Joj:yf x'bF } cfPsf] 5 .
g]kfndf ;xsfl/tfsf cfwf/e't / g}lts d'No tyf cGt/f{li6«o
;xsf/L l;4fGt cg';f/ ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] :yfkgf / ;+rfng
u/fpg] lhDd]jf/L ;xsf/L ljefusf] xf] .
;xsf/L P]g, @)$* jdf]lhd ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] 5ftf
;+u7gsf]?kdf /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=sf] u7g / ;+rfng ePsf] 5 .
;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] Ps dfq a}+s– /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=sf]
:yfkgf / ;+rfng x'b} cfPsf] 5 .
ljleGg ljifout ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] Aoj;flos ljsf;df ;xof]u ug{sf]
nflu s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3x?sf] u7g / ;+rfng x'b} cfPsf] 5 .
11
!=& ;xsf/L P]g @)$* sf d'Vo ljz]iftfx? M
;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] u7g, lgodg / ;+rfngsf] nflu Aoj:yf
ug{ ;xsf/L P]g, @)$* hf/L ePsf] lyof] . ;xsf/L P]g, @)$* hf/L ug]{
;dodf !))) eGbf sd ;+Vofdf /x]sf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? b'O{ bzssf]
cGt/fndf a[l4 eP/ sl/a #!,%)& ePsf 5g . of] P]g cToGt ;/n tyf
pbf/ /x]sf] 5 . o;sf d'Vo d'Vo ljz]iftfx? o; k|sf/ /x]sf 5g M
1= ;/n btf{ k|so
[ f
2= sfg'gL / ;+ul7t JolQmTj
3= ;b:ox? aLr ;dfgtf
4= lgjf{lrt ;+rfns ;ldltsf] Joj:yf
5= :jfoQ ;+:yf
6= :j]lR5s ;b:otf
7= :jlgolGqt ;+oGq
8= ;xsf/L cfGbf]ngsf] ;+3Lo :j?k
9= ;b:ox?sf] l;ldt bfloTj
10= ;xsf/L pBd Joj;fosf] Jofks If]q
11= ;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yfnfO{ 5'6 ;'ljwf
12
!=* t]x|f}+ of]hgf -@)&)÷&!–@)&@÷&#_ df ;xsf/L If]qM
!= k[i7e'ld
g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# sf] wf/f #% -@_ n] æ;/sf/, ;xsf/L / lghL If]qsf]
dfWodaf6 d'n'sdf cy{tGqsf] ljsf; ug]{Æ eGg] gLltut Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . d'n'ssf]
cy{tGqsf] ljsf;df 6]jf k'¥ofpg] ljleGg pTkfbg If]qx¿dWo] ;xsf/L If]q klg kb{5
;xsf/L If]qnfO{ of]hgfa4 ¿kdf pTkfbg, ahf/Ls/0f / ;]jf k|jfxdf ;+nUg
u/fpg'kg]{ b]lvG5 . ;d'bfodf 5l/P/ /x]sf] >d, ;Lk, k|ljlw / k'FhLnfO{ Pslqt u/L
pTkfbg, pTkfbsTj / /f]huf/L j[l4af6 /fli6«o cy{tGqdf of]ubfg k'¥ofpg tyf
;b:ox¿sf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ¿kfGt/0f u/L ;Dj[4 ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f ug{ ;xsf/L
If]qsf] ljsf;, lj:tf/ / k|j4{g ul/g]5 . o;} k[i7e'lddf ;xsf/L If]q ;DaGwL of]hgf
th'{df ug'{kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .
@= cBfjlws l:ylt
;xsf/L If]qsf] lj:tf/sf nflu ePsf k|of;x¿n] ubf{ cfly{s jif{ @)^(÷&) sf]
cGTo ;Dddf sl/j @^,%)) k|f/lDes txsf ;xsf/L ;+:yf, ^^ lhNnf ;xsf/L ;ª\3,
!%& ljifout lhNnf ;xsf/L ;ª\3, !& j6f ljifout s]Gb|Lo ;ª\3, Pp6f /fli6«o
;xsf/L a}+s / ;a}eGbf dflyNnf] txdf Ps /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;ª\3 u/L hDdf @$@ j6f
lhNnf, s]Gb|Lo tyf /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3x¿ /x]sf 5g\. ;xsf/Ldf $) nfv eGbf a9L
JolQm ;b:o /x]sf 5g\ . dlxnf ;xeflutf $@ k|ltzt /x]sf], ;xsf/Lsf]
Joj:yfkgdf dlxnfsf] kx'Fr @@ k|ltzt k'u]sf] / dlxnfdfq ;b:o /xL ;~rflnt
;xsf/L @,^)) k'u]sf] l:ylt 5 . s'n ufx{:y pTkfbgdf ;xsf/L If]qsf] of]ubfg #
k|ltzt k'u]sf] cg'dfg 5 eg] %) xhf/eGbf a9LnfO{ k|ToIf / & nfv eGbf a9L nfO{
ck|ToIf /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ h'6]sf] 5 . zx/L If]qdf ;xsf/Lsf] afx'No /x] klg ;a}
lhNnfdf ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] lj:tf/ ePsf] 5 . ;xsf/L ljefuaf6 dfkb08sf cfwf/df
;xsf/L ;ª\3;+:yfsf] cg'udg / lgodg ug]{ k|0ffnL z'¿jft ePsf] 5 . ;xsf/L
If]qsf] ljsf;, lj:tf/ / k|j4{gsf nflu ;xsf/L tyf ul/aL lgjf/0f dGqfnosf]
:yfkgf ePsf] 5 .
13
#= ;d:of tyf r'gf}tLx¿
;xsf/L P]g lgoddf ;do ;fk]If kl/dfh{g x'g g;Sg', cfly{s cfofdsf w]/} If]qdf
;xsf/L k4ltsf] Joj;fonfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ gLltsf] cefj x'g', cfdgful/sdf
;xsf/Lsf] pkof]u / pkfb]otfsf af/]df kof{Kt hfgsf/L gx'g' / pTkfbgzLn If]qdf
;xsf/Lsf] of]ubfg a9fpg g;lsg' h:tf ;d:of 5g\ . ;xsf/L If]qsf] ;'zf;gsf]
cj:yf ;Gtf]ifhgs 5|g} . cfkm\gf ;b:ox¿sf] lxtdf sfd ug'{kg]{ sltko ;xsf/L
;+:yfn] ;b:ox¿sf] eGbf ;Lldt tyf ;De|fGt ;d'xsf] lxtdf sfd ug]{ k|j[lQn] ;du|
;xsf/L If]qsf] ljsf; / ljZjf;df cf3ft k'u]sf] 5 . To;}u/L pTkfbgzLn If]qdf
sfo{ u/L ;b:ox¿nfO{ cfTdlge{/ agfpg] eGbf ;]jf Jofkf/df s]lGb|t x'g uPsfn]
o; If]qaf6 ck]lIft /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x¿ ;d]t ;[hgf ug{ g;lsPsf] cj:yf 5 .
;xsf/L ljefusf] ;+:yfut ;'b[9Ls/0f x'g g;s]sf] / ;a} lhNnfdf ;xsf/L sfof{no
gePsf]n] ;xsf/L;DaGwL ;]jf pknAwtfdf sl7gfO{ k/]sf] 5 . art tyf C0fsf]
sf/f]af/ ug]{ ;xsf/L ;ª\3;+:yfsf nflu ;do;fk]If sfg'gL Joj:yf Pj+ cg'udgsf]
k|efjsf/L ;+/rgfsf] sdL ePaf6 ;xsf/L dfkm{t\ x'g] ljQLo sf/f]af/nfO{ Jojl:yt /
e/kbf]{ agfpg ;lsPsf] 5}g .
$= bL3{sfnLg ;f]r M ;xsfl/tfsf] dfWodaf6 :yfgLo ;|f]t, >d, ;Lk / k'FhLsf]
clwstd kl/rfng ug]{ .
%= p2]Zo
• ;xsf/Ldf cfwfl/t pBf]u Joj;fosf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ u/L d'n'ssf] lbuf] /
;dtfd'ns cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ljsf;df of]ubfg k'¥ofpg] .
• ;xsf/Lsf] l;4fGt / d'Nox¿sf] k|j4{g ub}{ ;xsf/Lsf] Joj:yfkgsf ljlw /
k|lqmofdf ;'wf/ u/L ;'zf;g sfod ug]{ .
^= /0fgLlt
• ;xsf/L ;ª\3;+:yfsf] ;+:yfut ljsf; / ;xsf/L;DaGwL hgr]tgf lj:tf/df 6]jf
k'¥ofpg] .
• pTkfbg tyf ;]jfdf cfwfl/t cGo Joj;fodf klg ;xsf/L k4ltnfO{ lqmofzLn
t'Nofpg] .
• dlxnf, ul/a, ;LdfGts[t, ckfËtf ePsf JolQm, e'ldxLg tyf lk5l8Psf ju{ /
>ldssf] hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ Nofpg ;xsf/L k4ltsf] Joj;fodf kx'Fr a9fpg] .
• cg'udg tyf lgodgnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfO{ ;xsf/L If]qdf ;'zf;g sfod ug]{ .
14
•
•
&=
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
;xsf/L If]qsf] ljsf;, lj:tf/ / k|j4{gsf] nflu :yfgLo lgsfo / ljsf;
;fem]bf/sf] ;xof]u ;d]t kl/rfng ug]{ .
;xsf/L If]qsf] ljsf;sf nflu cfjZos sfg'gL Joj:yf, bL3{sfnLg /0fgLlts
of]hgfsf] th'{df Pj+ pko'Qm ;ª\u7g ;+/rgfsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ .
sfo{gLlt
;xsf/L;DaGwL cf}krfl/s / cgf}krfl/s lzIffsf] k|j4{g ul/g]5 .
;xsf/L Joj:yfkgsf] bIftf clej[l4sf nflu tflndnfO{ clgjfo{ ul/+b} nlug]5 .
;'rgf k|ljlwsf] pkof]u u/L ;xsf/L ;'rgf k|0ffnLnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfOg]5 .
;xsf/L dfWodaf6 ;a} lsl;d / :t/sf pBf]u Joj;fo :yfkgf ug{ ;lsg] u/L
If]qut gLlt, sfg'g / ;+/rgfdf kl/dfh{g ul/g]5 .
s[lif pTkfbg, e08f/0f, k|zf]wg, ahf/Ls/0f tyf s[lif ;fdu|L cfk'lt{sf] nflu
s[ifssf] ;xeflutfdf :yfkgf ul/Psf] ;xsf/L pBf]u Joj;fonfO{ k|f]T;fxg
ul/g]5 .
;xsf/Ldf cfa4 ljkGg dlxnf, ;LdfGts[t ul/a, ckfËtf ePsf JolQm, e'ldxLg
tyf lk5l8Psf] ;d'bfo / >ldsnfO{ :j/f]huf/d'ns pBf]u tyf Joj:ffo :yfkgf
ug{ cfjZos kg]{ k'FhL / ;Lkd'ns tflnd pknAw u/fpg] Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 .
u|fdL0f txdf pTkfbg tyf pkef]Qmf ;xsf/LnfO{ ljleGg dxz'ndf 5'6 ;'ljwf
pknAw u/fpg] Joj:yf ul/g]5 .
;xsf/L pBf]u Joj:ffosf] ljsf; / lj:tf/sf nflu k'FhL dflysf] kx'Fr k'¥ofpg
;xsf/L ljsf; sf]ifdfkm{t\ ;x'lnotk'0f{ C0f tyf cg'bfg pknAw u/fpg] Joj:yf
ul/g]5 .
;b:osf] of]ubfgdf cfwfl/t lgIf]k ;'/If0f sf]ifsf] Joj:yf u/L lgIf]k ;'/Iffsf]
Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 .
ljQLo ;xsf/Lsf] Joj:yfkgnfO{ k|efjsf/L / cg'zfl;t agfpg ;DalGwt s]Gb|Lo
;ª\3x¿df l:y/Ls/0f sf]ifsf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 .
ljifo / ef}uf]lns lgs6tfsf cfwf/df æPs ;b:o Ps ;xsf/LÆ sf]
gLltdfkm{t\c:j:y k|lt:kwf{ Go'g ul/g]5 . nfut nfe / ;'b[9 Joj:yfkgsf nflu
;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] PsLs/0fsf] sfo{nfO{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g]5 .
;xsf/Ltfsf] k|j4{gsf sfo{df :yfgLo txdf ;/sf/L tyf :yfgLo lgsfo /
;xsf/L ;ª\3;+:yf aLrdf ;xsfo{ / ;dGjosf] jftfj/0f agfpg k|efjsf/L
;+oGqsf] ljsf; ul/g]5 .
;xsf/L If]qsf] ljsf;, lj:tf/ / k|j4{gsf nflu bL3{sfnLg /0fgLlts of]hgf
th'{df ul/g]5 .
15
•
•
•
•
s[lif ;xsf/Lsf] pTkfbgnfO{ ahf/Ls/0f ug{ ;3fp k'¥ofpg ljleGg :yfgdf
;xsf/L ahf/ s]Gb|sf] ljsf; ul/g]5 .
;xsf/Ldf cfa4 s[ifsnfO{ ;x'lnot shf{sf] nflu s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf]
:jfldTjdf /x]sf] ;fgf ls;fg ljsf; a}+s dfkm{t\ Go'g k'h
F L kl/rfngdf ;xof]u
pknAw u/fOg]5 .
art tyf C0fsf] sf/f]af/ ug]{ ;xsf/L a}+s / ;ª\3;+:yfnfO{ Jojl:yt ¿kdf
;~rfng ug{ P]g lgodsf] th'{df ul/g]5 .
;xsf/L d}qL s/ k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ul/g]5 .
*= d'Vo sfo{qmdx¿
•
•
•
•
•
P]g lgoddf ;'wf/M ;xsf/L P]g lgodx¿df ;d;fdlos ;'wf/, /fli6«o ;xsf/L
j}+s P]gsf] th'{df tyf /fli6«o ;xsf/L ljsf; jf]8{ P]gdf cfjZos kl/dfh{g
ul/g]5 .
;+:yfut ;'wf/M ;xsf/L sfof{no gePsf lhNnfx¿df qmdzM ;xsf/L sfof{nosf]
:yfkgf, ;xsf/L ljefu / cGt{utsf sfof{nox¿sf] ;+u7g / Joj:yfkg ;e]{If0f,
;femf oftfoft, ;femf k|sfzg, ;femf k;n, ;femf e08f/nfO{ k'0f{ ¿kdf
;xsf/Ls/0f, ;xsf/L art ;'/If0f sf]if / ;xsf/L C0f ;'/If0f sf]ifsf] :yfkgf
tyf ;~rfngsf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 .
;xsf/L ;'zf;gM ;xsf/L ;+:yfx¿ ljz]iftM ljQLo sf/f]jf/ ug]{ ;xsf/L
;+:yfx¿sf] ;3g cg'udg u/L ljQLo cg'zf;g sfod, ;xsf/L If]qaf6 ul/g]
nufgLsf] oyfy{tf / kf/blz{tf sfod ug{ ;xsf/L shf{ ;'rgf s]Gb| :yfkgf,
;xsf/L n]vf+sg tyf n]vfkl/If0f dfkb08 tof/Lsf ;fy} ;xsf/L ;+3;+:yfdf
lgodg, ;'zf;g / kf/blz{tf sfod ul/g]5 .
k'FhLut cg'bfgM nlIft ju{ / ;d'xsf aLr u7g x'g] ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx¿sf]
lbuf] ljsf; / Jofj;flos lj:tf/sf nflu aLp k'FhL k|bfg, ;xsf/L dfkm{t\ s[lif
Pj+ kz'hGo / ;fgf pBf]usf] :yfkgf tyf ljsf;sf] nflu kF'hLut cg'bfg, u|fdL0f
tyf ljkGg ;d'bfodf ;xsf/L Aoj;fo ;~rfngsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ k'h
F L
jfl0fHo a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx¿jf6 shf{ nufgL ug]{ ;+oGqsf] ljsf; / kz' tyf
afnL aLdf ;]jf ;~rfng h:tf sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ul/g]5 .
Ifdtf clej[l4M /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3 / s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3x¿sf] Ifdtf clej[l4sf]
nflu ljleGg sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng, ;xsf/L tflnd ;~rfng k4ltdf ;'wf/,
;xsf/L ;'rgfsf] pkof]udf ;j{;fwf/0fsf] kx'Fr lj:tf/sf] nflu s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L
16
•
;'rgf OsfO{sf] lgdf{0f, ;xsf/L k4ltsf ljsf; / lj:tf/sf nflu ljleGg txsf]
z}lIfs kf7\oqmddf ;dfj]z / ;'rgf, lzIff tyf ;~rf/ ;fdu|L cflb k|sfzg
ul/g]5 .
ljljwM ul/j 3/kl/jf/sf] klxrfgsf] nflu kl/ro kq ljt/0f, ;/sf/–;xsf/L /
lghL If]qsf] nfut ;fem]bf/Ldf ljleGg pBf]u ;~rfng, ;xsf/L dfkm{t\ ul/aL
lgjf/0f ;DaGwL nlIft sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng u/L /f]huf/L ;[hgf tyf u|fdL0f o'jf
:j/f]huf/ sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ul/g]5 .
(= ck]lIft pknlAwx¿M
;xsf/Lsf] pkfb]otfsf] jf/]df hgr]tgf j[l4 ePsf] x'g], ;xsf/L If]qdf tflnd
k|fKt hgzlQmsf ;ª\Vofdf j[l4 ePsf] x'g], lgodg sfo{ k|efjsf/L / Joj:yfkgdf
;'wf/ cfO{ ;xsf/L If]qdf ;'zf;g sfod ePsf] x'g], ;xsf/L If]qdf k|ToIf /f]huf/
/ :j/f]huf/Lsf] ;ª\Vofdf j[l4 ePsf] x'g] / dlxnf, blnt, ul/a Pj+ kl5 k/]sf]
;d'bfosf JolQmsf] hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ Nofpg of]ubfg k'u]sf] x'g]5 . ;fy}
@)^(÷&) df s]Gb| / lhNnf:t/sf ;xsf/Lx¿sf] ;+Vof @$@ /x]sf]df ##) k'u]sf]
x'g], k|f/lDes ;xsf/Lx¿sf] ;+Vof @^,%)) af6 #%,))) k'u]sf] x'g] / ;xsf/Ldf
cfa4 ;+Vof $) nfvaf6 a9]/ %) nfv k'u]sf] x'g]5 . o;}u/L o; If]qdf ;]o/
k'FhL $% ca{, jrt ;+sng !&) ca{ / C0f nufgL !&) ca{ k'u]sf] x'g]5 .
17
kl/R5]b–@
;xsf/L ljefusf] k|zf;lgs ;+/rgf Pj+ ;+u7gfTds 9f+rfM
@=! k|zf;g / ;+u7g ;DjGwL k[i7eld
lj=;+= @)!) ;fndf ;xsf/L ljefusf] :yfkgf ePsf] lyof] . ;xsf/L
ljefusf] ;+u7g ;+/rgf klg ;do ;dodf kl/jt{g e} cfPsf] 5 .
;xsf/L ljefunfO{ ljutdf s]nfP/ x]bf{ o;sf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ax'dvL
ljsf; of]hgf, ;femf ;+:yf ln=, lgb]l{ zt u|fd ljsf; ;ldlt,
;dGjofTds s[lif ljsf; sfo{qmd, clgjfo{ art, hg;+Vof lzIff, ;fgf
ls;fg ;+:yf, ;xsf/L ;+u7gsf] gLltut cfwf/, ;+u7g :j?k÷9f+rf
o;sf] kl/rfng k|0ffnL, ;xsf/L cfGbf]ngsf] sfo{qmd tof/ ug]{ / s]Gb|
b]lv u|fdL0f tx ;Ddsf] ;+u7g v8f ug]{ ;Ddsf sfo{df ;+nUg ul/+b}
cfPsf] 5 .
;xsf/L P]g @)$* tyf ;xsf/L lgodfjnL, @)$( nfu' eP kl5
ljutsf ;xsf/L P]g, lgod adf]lhd ;/sf/L lgoGq0fdf ;+rfng e}/x]sf]
;xsf/L ;+:yfx? :jzfl;t Pj+, :jfoQtfsf] cjwf/0ff cg'?k ;+rfng x'g
k'u] . t/ ;do ;fk]If ;dfof]hg gePaf6 lhNnfdf ;xsf/L sfof{nox?sf]
pkfb]otf Pj+ k|efj sd cf+sng ePsf] dxz'; x'g uof] . oBkL ;xsf/L
;+:yfx? pNn]vLo ?kdf u7g uO{ ;+rfngdf cfPsf 5g\ / nfvf}+
hgtfx?af6 s/f}8f}s
+ f] jrt /sd ;xsf/L ;+:yfdf lgIf]kdf /xg uPaf6
cg'udg, ;'kl/j]If0f, tfnLd Joj:yfkg, k/fdz{ nufotsf sfo{df
;/sf/L :t/af6 ;xof]u k'¥ofpg' kg]{ bfo/f emg km/flsnf] x'b+ } uPsf] 5 .
;xsf/L ljefusf] k|zf;lgs ;+u7g ;+/rgf k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ ;Gbe{df
j]nf j]nfdf uf]i7L, cGt/lqmof 5nkmn e} /x]sf] kfO{G5 . lj=;+= @)%! df
;xsf/L ljefu cGtu{t ;f+u7lgs ;+/rgfdf ;'wf/ ljifos Ps
cGt/lqmof sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . h;df sd{rf/L b/jGbL /
sfof{no ;+Vof ;DaGwL sfo{df ;/sf/df k]z ePsf] lyof] . lj=;+= @)%#
;fndf s[lif cfof]hgf ;]jf s]Gb|af6 Study on the Structural and Legal
Aspects Relating to Department of Cooperatives gfds cWoog k|ltj]bg
tof/ kf/L To;df k|zf;lgs ;+u7g, kbLo ljj/0f, sfof{no /xg] :yfg
lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . s[lif d+qfnoaf6 ;xsf/Ltfsf] lbzfdf tyf
18
ljefuLo ;+/rgf ;DaGwL k|ltj]bg @)%$ df ;xsf/Ltf ;fGble{stf,
;xsf/L If]qsf r'gf}tLx?nfO{ :ki6 ?kdf phfu/ ub}{ ;xsf/L ljefu /
cGtu{t sfof{nox?n] lgodg sfo{ ug]{, 3'DtL tfnLd ;+rfng ;'rgf tyf
tYof+s ;+sng ug]{ sfo{ tf]lsPsf] lyof] .
lj=;+=@)%& df ;fdfGo k|zf;g d+qfnoaf6 k|zf;lgs ;'wf/ dfkm{t
cfly{s ldtJolotf Nofpg sfo{jf]em sd ePsf sfof{nox?nfO{ x6fpg]
sfo{sd
| ;~rfngdf NofOPsf] lyof] . lj=;+= @)%& kf}ifdf ;DkGg ePsf]
/fli6«o ;xsf/L sfo{zfnf uf]i7Laf6 g]kfndf ;xsf/Ltfsf] ljsf;nfO{
;do ;fk]If ?kdf ult k|bfg ug{ dxTjk'0f{ ;'emfj k|:t't ul/Psf] lyof] .
;fj{hlgs vr{ k'g/fjnf]sg cfof]un] lhNnf l:yt ;xsf/L sfof{nox?
vf/]h ug]{ / ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yf pBf]u btf{ nufotsf sfo{sf nflu lhNnf
/flhi6«f/sf] sfof{no :yfkgf ug]{ ;'emfj lbPsf] lyof] . o; lsl;daf6
;xsf/L ljefusf] k|zf;lgs ;+u7g ;+/rgf k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ k|of; x'+b}
cfPsf]df @)^!.!.! b]vL ;xsf/L ljefusf] jt{dfg ;+u7g ;+/rgf nfu'
x'+b} cfPsf] 5 .
g]kfndf ;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yfx?sf] k|j4{g / lbuf] ljsf;sf] nflu
;/sf/L :t/af6 ;d]t k|efjsf/L e'ldsf lgjf{x ug{ cToGt cfjZos
ePsf]n] :yfgLo / s]Gb|Lo :t/df k|zf;lgs ;+u7g h?/L b]lvPsf] 5 .
o;sf nflu ;xsf/L ljefu, tfnLd s]Gb|x? / lhNnf l:yt sfof{nox?
sfod /fVg' h?/L b]lvPsf] 5 . ;xsf/L sfof{nox?nfO{ lhNnfdf sfod
/fVbf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] :yfkgf / k|efjsf/LtfnfO{ Wofg lbO{Psf]5 .
jt{dfg ;+u7g ;+/rgf k|f/De x'g' cufl8 ;xsf/L ljefu cGtu{t
! ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb| / ^* lhNnfdf lhNnf ;xsf/L sfof{nox? lyP .
lj=;+= @)^!.!.! b]lv nfu' ePsf] jt{dfg ;+u7g ;+/rgfdf ljefu, Ps
s]lGb|o ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|, kf+r ljsf; If]qdf Ps Ps j6f ;xsf/L
k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no / ## lhNnfdf l8lehg ;xsf/L
sfof{nox? /x]sf 5g\ . xfn sfod /x]sf sfof{nox?df /fhkqf+lst k|yd
>]0fL b]lv >]0fL ljlxg sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;d]t hDdf %($ b/jGbL /x]sf] 5 .
lghfdlt P]g, @)$( sf t]>f] ;+zf]wg, @)&) kZrft lglZrt ;dofjwL
;]jf ug]{ sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ a9'jf ;dfof]hg ubf{ ;xsf/L ljefusf] sd{rf/L
b/aGbLdf s]xL kl/jt{g ePsf] ePtfklg ljefu / cGt/utsf sfof{nosf]
s'n b/aGbL ;+Vof %($ df s'g} kl/jt{g ul/Psf] 5}g .
19
@=@ sfof{nout b/jGbL ljj/0f M ;xsf/L ljefu / cGt/utsf s]Gb|Lo
;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|, ;=k|=l8=sf= -%_ / l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{nox?sf]
at{dfg b/aGbL ljj/0f lgDgfg';f/ sfod /x]sf] 5 M
sfof{no -b/jGbL lgsfo_
b/jGbL ;+Vof
s_ ;xsf/L ljefu
#%
v_ s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|
@)
u_ ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no ;'g;/L
/ sf:sL -@ x !*_
#^
3_ ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no, lrtjg /
afFs] -@ x !(_
#*
ª_ ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no, s}nfnL
!&
r_ l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, sf7df8f}+
!&
#@
5_ l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, nlntk'/ / sfe|] -@x!^_
h_ l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, ;nf{xL / af/f -@ x !%_
#)
em_ l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{noР-df]/ǻ, ?kGb]xL, emfkf, l;/fxf,
wg'iff, tgFx', g'jfsf]6, k;f{, dsjfgk'/, ;'v]{t / bfË
!%$
-!! x !$_
`_ l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no–afUn'Í,
slknj:t', bf]nvf, wflbÍ, h'Dnf, /f}tx6, etmk'/
!$#
s+rgk'/, alb{of,a}t8L, / 8f]6L -!! x !#_
6_ l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, wgs'6f, pbok'/, :ofª\hf, kfNkf,
&@
Onfd / gjnk;f/ -^ x !@_
hDdf b/jGbL M–
%($
20
@=# :jLs[t b/aGbL M
;xsf/L ljefu / cGt{utsf s'n $) sfof{nox?df ljleGg >]0fL
/ ;d'xsf s'n %($ hgf sd{rf/Lx?sf] b/jGbL /x]sf] 5 . sd{rf/Lx?sf]
>]0fLut ljj/0f lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf] 5 M
l8=;=sf=
##
s|=;+
kbgfd
;]jf÷>]0fL
ljefu
s]=;=k|=
s]Gb|
1
/lhi^«f /
/f=k=k|=
1
−
−
2
3
4
5
al/i& s[lif c y{lj!
/f= k= lå=
/f= k= lå=
,,
,,
1
2
−
−
1
−
−
1
−
,,
−
6
pk /lhi^«f /
k|f rfo{
pk ;lrj n]vf
jl/i& ;xsf/L
c lws[t
7
Zffvf c lws[t
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
;xsf/L k|lzIfs
;xsf/L c lws[t
n]vf c lws[t
sfg'g c lws[t
s[lif k|lzIfs
sDKo'^/ c lws[t
;xsf/L lg/LIfs
gf=;'=
sDKo'^/ c k|]^/
n]vfkfn
;=;=lg=÷vl/bf/
;=n]=kf=
;=sDKo'^/
^fO{lki^
*|f Oe/
lkog
s'n hDdf
/f=k
=t[=
,,
,,
,, -n]vf_
,, -sfg'g_
,, -s[lif_
,, -ljljw_
/f=k=c g+=k|
,,
,, -ljljw_
,, -n]vf_
/f= k= c g+= lå=
,, -n]vf_
/f= k= c g+= lå=
a]u c g';f/
>])fL ljlxg
,,
5
−
−
−
−
4
7
−
−
−
−
−
1
1
5
14
−
1
−
35
5
−
−
−
−
129
−
1
−
6
3
1
1
2
2
5
35
21
;=k|=l8
=sf %
−
1
−
−
2
2
−
−
1
2
5
20
23
−
5
14
5
20
91
−
1
12
116
21
16
14
1
99
448
hDdf
1
1
2
6
1
4
7
19
35
7
1
1
1
152
8
11
12
131
22
18
15
10
129
594
22
@=$ ;xsf/L ljefusf] ;+u7gfTds 9f+rf M
/lhi6«f/
/f=k=k|yd
pk /lhi6«f/ -k|zf;g_
/f=k=l4lto
pk /lhi6«f/ -cg'udg tyf lg/LIf0f_
/f=k=l4lto
pk /lhi6«f/ -n]vf_
/f=k=l4lto
al/i7 s[lif cy{lj1
-of]hgf tyf Joj;fo k|j4{g_
/f=k=l4lto
sd{rf/L÷k|zf;g
zfvf
sfg"g zfvf
;xsf/L ;+3;+:yf
Joj:yfkg zfvf
cg'udg tyf
lg/LIf0f zfvf
n]vf zfvf
of]hgf zfvf
Joj;fo tyf ahf/
k|j4{g zfvf
zfvf clws[t–!
-/f=k=t[tLo_
gfoa ;'Aaf–!
-/f=k=cg=k|yd_
sDKo'6/ ck/]6/–!
-/f=k=cg=k|yd_
vl/bf/–!
(/f=k=cg=l4lto)
8«fOe/–@
sfg"g clws[t–!
-/f=k=t[tLo_
zfvf clws[t–!
-/f=k=t[tLo_
zfvf clws[t–#
-/f=k=t[tLo_
n]vf clws[t–!
-/f=k=t[tLo_
zfvf clws[t–!
-/f=k=t[tLo_
zfvf clws[t– !
-/f=k=t[tLo_
gfoa ;'Aaf–!
-/f=k=cg=k|yd_
gfoa ;'Aaf–!
-/f=k=cg=k|yd_
;x n]vfkfn –!
-/f=k=cg=l4lto_
sDKo'6/
clws[t–!
-/f=k=t[tLo_
gfoa ;'Aaf–!
-/f=k=cg=k|yd_
sDKo'6/ ck/]6/–!
;xfos sDKo'6/
ck/]6/–!
-/f=k=cg=l4lto_
sDKo'6/
ck/]6/–!
-/f=k=cg=k|yd_
gfoa ;'Aaf–!
-/f=k=cg=k|yd_
gfoa ;'Aaf–!
-/f=k=cg=k|yd_
;xfos sDKo'6/
ck/]6/–!
-/f=k=cg=l4lto_
-/f=k=cg=k|yd_
sfof{no ;xof]uL–%
s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb| – !
;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8eLhg sfof{no – %
;xsf/L l8eLhg sfof{no – ##
23
24
@=% ;xsf/L ljefu / cGt/utsf sfof{nox?sf] :jLs[t b/aGbL / kb
k'lt{sf] ljj/0f -@)&! ;fn c;f/ d;fGt ;Dd_
qm=; kb tyf >]0fL
b/aGbL
kbk'lt{
l/SQ
1=
;x;lrj -/f=k=k|yd_
1
1
0
2=
pk ;lrj jf ;f] ;/x -/F =k=l$lto_
14
11
3
3=
zfvf c lws[t jf ;f] ;/x
-/f=k=t[tLo_
gf=;'= jf ;f] ;/x -/f=k=c g=k|yd_
71
61
10
188
160
28
v/Lbf/ jf ;f] ;/x -/f=k=c g=l$lto_
>])fL ljlxg
hDdf
181
139
594
138
139
510
43
0
84
4=
5=
6=
s}lkmot
@=^ ;xsf/L ljefujf6 ;+rfng x'g] lqmofsnfkx? M
;xsf/L ;DaGwL ;'rgf k|0ffnLsf] ljsf;, lj:tf/ / k|of]u,
2= ;xsf/L k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; / o;sf] of]ubfg ;DjGwL
cWoog÷cg';Gwfg,
3= ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] cg'udg lg/LIf0f tyf sfo{ ;Dkfbg
d'Nofªsg,
4= ;+:yfut ljsf; tyf ;'zf;gsf] nflu ;xsf/L lzIff, ;'rgf /
;+rf/
5= ;xsf/L sfg'gdf ;d;fdlos ;'wf/, ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yf
;+rfng dfkb08 tyf lgb]l{ zsfsf] tof/L
6= ;+:yfut ;'b[9Ls/0f cGt/ut ;fj{hlgs ;Dkltsf] ;+/If0f,
tfnLd xn tyf 5fqfjf; / sfof{no ejg lgdf{0f,
7= ;d'x hfu/0f dfkm{t ;xsf/Ls/0f, gof+ ;+3 ;+:yf btf{ /
lgis[o ;+3 ;+:yf lju6g / lnSjL8]zg,
8= ;xsf/L cleofgsf ;Dj4 lgsfo Pj+ ;+3÷;+:yfx?sf] Ifdtf
clej[l4sf] nflu tfnLd tyf k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd,
9= ;xsf/L cleofgsf ;Dj4 lgsfox?df ;+:yfut k|ltlglwTj,
10= cg'udg, lg/LIf0f / cGo lgodg ;DjGwL sfo{ .
1=
25
kl/R5]b–#
;xsf/L] ;+3 ;:yfx?sf] ;+VofTds ljj/0f M
#=! ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfsf] k[i7e'dL M
;xsf/L P]g @)$* hf/L x'g' cufl8 d'n's e/ *#) k|f/lDes ;xsf/L
;+:yfx? ;+rfngdf /x]sf lyP . of] P]g hf/L x'g' cufl8 ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?
sfg'gtM ;/sf/ åf/f ;+rflnt / lgb]{lzt lyP . lj=;+=@)$& df d'n'sdf
k|hftGqsf] k'g:yfkgf kl5 hf/L ;xsf/L P]g @)$* n] cGt//fli6«o ;xsf/L
l;4fGt / d'No dfGotfx?sf] ;'lglZrttf u/]sf] x'bf ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?n]
:jtGqtf / :jfoQtfsf] pkof]u ug]{ cj;/ k|fKt u/]jf6 s|dzM ;xsf/L ;+3
;+:yfx?sf] ;+Vofdf a[l4 x'b} uPsf] b]lvG5 . cf=a= @)&)–&! sf] cGTo ;Dd
;xsf/L ;:yfx?sf] ;+Vof #!!&& k'u]sf] 5 eg] ;+3x?sf] ;+Vof ##) ;d]t
hDdf #!%)& k'u]sf] 5 .
#=@ ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] ;+VofTds ljsf;qmd M
cf= a=
;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf]
;+Vof
;xsf/L ;+3x?sf]
;+Vof
@)%$–%%
@)%%–%^
@)%^–%&
@)%&–%*
@)%*–%(
@)%(–^)
@)^)–^!
@)^!–^@
@)^@–^#
@)^#–^$
@)^$–^%
@)^%–^^
@)^^÷^&
$#$(
$*^)
%^&!
^$*$
&)&$
&$$%
&%(*
*)$%
*%#)
(&@)
!!#)@
!%*!#
@)!)@
*@
*#
(&
26
NA
NA
NA
!!&
!@!
!@(
!#(
!$!
!&!
@)$
@)^&÷^*
@)^*÷^(
@)^(÷&)
@)&)÷&!
#=#
@##)!
@^%))
@(%@^
#!!&&
@#*
@%*
#)$
##)
;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] Plss[t ;ª\VofTds ljj/0f M
-@)&! cfiff9 d;fGt ;Dd_
qm=;+=
!
@
#
$
%
^
;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] lsl;d
k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yf
lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+3
ljifout lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+3
ljifout s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3
/fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3
/fli6«o ;xsf/L a}+s
hDdf
;+Vof
#!!&&
^(
@$!
!*
!
!
#!%)&
#=$ s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3x?sf] ljj/0f M
1= g]kfn art tyf C0f s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=
2= s]Gb|Lo b'Uw ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=
3= s]Gb|Lo t/sf/L tyf kmnkm'n ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=
4= h'gf/ s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=
5= g]kfn s]Gb|Lo pkef]Qmf ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=
6= g]kfn df}/Lkfng s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=
7= g]kfn s[lif ;xsf/L s]Gb|Lo ;+3 ln=
8= s]Gb|Lo slkm ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=
9= s]Gb|Lo pv' pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=
10= g]kfn ljB't s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=
11= g]kfn ;'rgf tyf ;+rf/ s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=
12= g]kfn s]Gb|Lo :jf:Yo ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=
13= s]Gb|Lo lrof ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=,
27
s}lkmot
14= g]kfn s]Gb|Lo hl8a'l6 ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=,
15= g]kfn ax'p2]ZoLo s]lGb|o ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=,
16= aLpF pTkfbs s]lGb|o ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=,
17= g]kfn s]lGb|o dT:o ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=
18= s]Gb|Lo ko{6g ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=
#=% laifout ;xsf/L ;+3x?sf] ;+VofTds ljj/0fM
1= lhNNff ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=–^(
2= lhNnf art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=–^#
3= lhNnf ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=–@!
4= lhNnf b'Uw ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=–#*
5= lhNnf s[lif ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=–$*
6= lhNnf pkef]Qmf ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=–@@
7= lhNnf cb'jf ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=–@
8= lhNnf h'gf/ ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=–@
9= lhNnf ko{6g ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=–@
10= lhNnf t/sf/L kmnkm'n ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=–(
11= lhNnf slkm ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=–!!
12= lhNnf :jf:Yo ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=–!
13= lhNnf lrof ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=–%
14= lhNnf ljB't\ ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=–#
15= lhNnf hl8a'6L ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=–%
16= lhNnf dT:o pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=–#
17= lhNnf pv' pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=–!
18= lhNnf ;'kf/L pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=–!
19= lhNnf ;fdflhs pBdL ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=–@
20= lhNnf ;"rgf ;+rf/ ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=–!
28
#=^ ;xsf/L sfof{nox?sf] k|fb]lzs sfo{If]q / ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] ;+VofM
-@)&! cfiff9 d;fGt ;Dd_
s|=;+
=
;xsf/L sfof{no
k|fb]lzs If]q
;xsf/L ;+3sf]
;+Vof
;xsf/L
;+:yfsf] ;+Vof
14
869
emfkf
9
790
df]/ª
8
1051
#
l8lehg ;xsf/L
sfof{no Onfd
l8lehg ;xsf/L
sfof{no emfkf
l8lehg ;xsf/L
sfof{no df]/ª
$
l8lehg ;xsf/L
sfof{no wgs'6f
wgs'6f,t]x|y'd,
;+v'jf;ef /
ef]hk'/
13
699
%
l8lehg ;xsf/L
sfof{no l;/fxf
l;/fxf / ;Kt/L
8
1113
^
l8lehg ;xsf/L
sfof{no pbok'/
pbok'/,
;f]n'v'Da',
cf]vn9'+ªf /
vf]6fª
8
620
&
l8lehg ;xsf/L
sfof{no bf]nvf
l8lehg ;xsf/L
sfof{no wg'iff
l8lehg ;xsf/L
sfof{no ;nf{xL
l8lehg ;xsf/L
sfof{no /f}tx6
l8lehg ;xsf/L
sfof{no sf7df08f}+
l8lehg ;xsf/L
sfof{no nlntk'/
l8lehg ;xsf/L
sfof{no eQmk'/
l8lehg ;xsf/L
sfof{no sfe|]
l8lehg ;xsf/L
sfof{no wflbª
bf]nvf, /fd]5fk
10
925
wg'iff, dxf]t/L /
l;Gw'nL
19
1958
;nf{xL
4
836
/f}tx6
5
664
sf7df08f}+
7
3685
nlntk'/
9
1039
eQmk'/
5
621
sfe|]knf~rf]s /
l;Gw'kfNrf]s
13
1989
wflbª
6
401
!
@
*
(
!)
!!
!@
!#
!$
!%
Onfd, tfKn]hª'
/ kf+ry/
29
@^
l8lehg ;xsf/L
sfof{no g'jfsf]6
l8lehg ;xsf/L
sfof{no jf/f
l8lehg ;xsf/L
sfof{no k;f{
l8lehg ;xsf/L
sfof{no dsjfgk'/
l8lehg ;xsf/L
sfof{no tgx+'
l8lehg ;xsf/L
sfof{no :ofªhf
l8lehg ;xsf/L
sfof{no afUn'ª
l8lehg ;xsf/L
sfof{no
gjnk/f;L
l8lehg ;xsf/L
sfof{no ?kGb]xL
l8lehg ;xsf/L
sfof{no kfNkf
l8lehg ;xsf/L
sfof{no slkna:t'
@&
l8lehg ;xsf/L
sfof{no bfª
@*
#)
l8lehg ;xsf/L
sfof{no abL{of
l8lehg ;xsf/L
sfof{no ;'v]{t
l8lehg ;xsf/L
sfof{no 8f]6L
#!
l8lehg ;xsf/L
sfof{no h'Dnf
#@
l8lehg ;xsf/L
sfof{no s~rgk'/
!^
!&
!*
!(
@)
@!
@@
@#
@$
@%
@(
g'jfsf]6 / /;'jf
4
557
jf/f
5
755
k;f{
3
608
dsjfgk'/
6
517
tgx+' , uf]/vf,
ndh'ª / dgfª
16
1006
:ofªhf
8
302
afUn'ª, kj{t,
DofUbL / d':tfª
17
879
gjnk/f;L
6
469
?kGb]xL
5
649
kfNkf / u'NdL
11
452
slkna:t' /
c3f{v+rL
bfª, ?s'd,
/f]Nkf, ;Nofg /
Ko'7fg
5
604
17
1122
abL{of
6
345
;'v]{t, hfh/sf]6
/ b}n]v
8f]6L, afemfª,
afh'/f / cf5fd
h'Dnf, x'Dnf,
8f]Nkf, d'u' /
sflnsf]6
s~rgk'/ /
88]Nw'/f
9
965
9
606
4
501
9
537
30
l8lehg ;xsf/L
sfof{no a}t8L
;xsf/L k|lzIf0f
tyf l8lehg
sfof{no ;'g;/L
;xsf/L k|lzIf0f
tyf l8lehg
sfof{no lrtjg
;xsf/L k|lzIf0f
tyf l8lehg
sfof{no sf:sL
;xsf/L k|lzIf0f
tyf l8lehg
sfof{no af+s]
;xsf/L k|lzIf0f
tyf l8lehg
sfof{no s}nfnL
##
#$
#%
#^
#&
#*
a}t8L / bfr'n
{ f
4
316
;'g;/L
5
585
lrtjg
8
648
sf:sL
6
563
af+s]
5
410
s}nfnL
4
521
310
31177
hDdf
#=& lhNnfut ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] ;+VofTds ljj/0f M
l;=g+=
1
lhNnf
tfKn]h"ª
;+:yf
134
;+#
5
l;=g+=
lhNnf
:ofª hf
;+:yf
302
;+#
8
213
522
790
4
5
9
40
42
sf:sL
dgfª
?kGb]xL
563
8
649
6
0
5
39
4
k+f ry/
Onfd
emfkf
5
t]x|y"d
152
4
43
slknj:t"
457
3
6
157
115
275
3
2
4
44
8
ef]hk"/
;+v'jf;ef
wgs"^F
46
gjnk/f;L
c #f{vf+rL
u"NdL
469
147
225
6
2
6
9
;"g;/L
5
47
kfNkf
227
5
2
3
7
585
41
45
10
df]/ª
1051
8
48
d":tfª
35
0
11
c f]vn("+uf
137
1
49
DofUbL
182
5
12
;f]n'v'Dj'
57
3
50
kj{t
280
5
31
156
270
534
1
3
3
52
15
vf]^fª
pbok"/
l;/xf
53
afUn"ª
Ko'&fg
/f]Nkf
382
158
125
7
3
3
16
;Kt/L
579
5
54
;Nofg
135
2
17
bf]nvf
513
6
55
?s"d
131
4
18
/fd]%fk
412
4
56
bfª
573
5
19
l;Gw"nL
477
7
57
h"Dnf
187
3
20
;nf{xL
836
4
58
x"Dnf
91
0
21
dxf]Q/L
671
7
59
d"u'
79
0
22
wg"iff
5
60
*f]Nkf
53
0
23
eQmk"/
621
5
61
sflnsf]^
91
1
24
nlntk"/
1039
9
62
hfh/sf]^
139
2
25
sf&df)*f}+
3685
7
63
alb{of
345
6
26
sfe|]knf~rf]s
1364
7
64
b}n]v
252
2
27
l;Gw'kfNrf]s
625
6
65
;'v]{t
574
5
28
wflbª
401
6
66
a+F s]
410
5
29
g"jfsf]^
431
4
67
*F ]^L
199
2
30
/;"jf
126
0
68
aemfª
122
2
31
lrtjg
dsjfgk'/
648
517
8
6
69
32
70
c %fd
s}nfnL
197
521
2
4
33
k;f{
608
3
71
afh"/f
88
3
34
af/f
755
5
72
bfr{"nf
121
2
35
/f}tx^
664
5
73
a}t*L
195
2
36
tgx+'
330
6
74
**]Nw"/f
174
4
37
ndh"ª
281
4
75
363
38
uf]/vf
387
6
5
310
13
14
810
32
51
s~rgk"/
hDdf
31177
#=* ljifout ;xsf/L ;+3x?sf] lhNnfut ;+VofTds ljj/0f M
;'rgf
ax'
art
p@]ZoLo
C)f
b'Uw
s[lif
1
1
1
1
1
t/sf /L
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
pkef ]Qmf
c b'jf
h'gf /
ko{^g
1
kmnkm'n
slkm
:jf :Yo
pv'
lrof
ljB't
hl*j'^L
;'kf /L
1
1
dT:o
;f df lhs
tyf
pBdL
;~rf /
hDdf
5
4
5
1
9
1
4
1
3
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
5
1
1
1
8
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
1
1
4
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
7
1
5
5
1
1
1
7
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
9
1
7
7
1
6
1
4
6
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
8
1
6
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
1
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
5
1
1
6
1
8
1
6
0
0
1
1
1
5
1
3
1
6
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
6
1
1
5
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
1
1
1
7
3
3
1
2
1
1
1
4
1
1
1
5
1
1
3
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
6
1
2
1
1
1
1
5
1
1
1
1
5
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
4
1
3
1
2
1
1
1
1
21
63
2
1
1
4
1
38
49
1
22
2
2
2
9
11
33
1
1
5
3
5
5
1
3
2
1
310
#=( ;xsf/L sfof{ nox?af6 cf=j= @)&)÷&! df ;+ slnt u} /s/ /fh:j ljj/0f M
qm=;= sfof{ no
k||f b]]lzs If]q
/sd ?=
1
;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sof{no, ;'g;/L ;'g;/L
0
2
;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sof{no, lrtjg lrtjg
161900
3
;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sof{no, sf:sL sf:sL
122100
4
;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sof{no, afFs]
;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sof{no, s}nfnL
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, emfkf
7 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, Onfd
8 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, wgs'6f
9 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, df]/ª
10 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, l;/fxf
5
6
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
afFs]
s}nfnL
emfkf
Onfd, tfKn]hª' / kfFr y/
64300
107971
98800
125100
wgs'6f, t]x|y'd, ;+v'jf;ef / ef]hk'/
df]/ª
l;/fxf / ;Kt/L
113600
41500
l8lehg
l8lehg
l8lehg
l8lehg
l8lehg
l8lehg
;xsf/L
;xsf/L
;xsf/L
;xsf/L
;xsf/L
;xsf/L
sfof{no,
sfof{no,
sfof{no,
sfof{no,
sfof{no,
sfof{no,
pbok'/
wg'iff
;nf{xL
/f}tx6
af/f
k;f{
pbok'/, ;f]n'v'Da', cf]vn9'+uf / vf]6fª
wg'iff, dxf]Q /L / l;Gw'nL
;nf{xL
/f}tx6
af/f
k;f{
l8lehg
l8lehg
l8lehg
l8lehg
l8lehg
l8lehg
l8lehg
l8lehg
;xsf/L
;xsf/L
;xsf/L
;xsf/L
;xsf/L
;xsf/L
;xsf/L
;xsf/L
sfof{no,
sfof{no,
sfof{no,
sfof{no,
sfof{no,
sfof{no,
sfof{no,
sfof{no,
dsjfgk'/
bf]nvf
sfe|]
eQmk'/
sf7df8f}+
nlntk'/
g'jfsf]6
wflbª
dsjfgk'/
bf]nvf
sfe|k] nf~rf]s / l;Gw'kfNrf]s
eQmk'/
sf7df8f{+
nlntk'/
g'jfsf]6 / /;'jf
wflbª
l8lehg
l8lehg
l8lehg
l8lehg
l8lehg
l8lehg
;xsf/L
;xsf/L
;xsf/L
;xsf/L
;xsf/L
;xsf/L
sfof{no,
sfof{no,
sfof{no,
sfof{no,
sfof{no,
sfof{no,
tgx'F
afUn'ª
:ofª\h f
kfNkf
gjnk/f;L
?kGb]xL
tgx',F uf]/vf, ndh'ª / dgfª
afUn'ª, kjt{, DofUbL / d': tfª
:ofª\h f
kfNkf
gjnk/f;L
?kGb]xL
l8lehg
l8lehg
l8lehg
l8lehg
l8lehg
l8lehg
l8lehg
l8lehg
hDdf
;xsf/L
;xsf/L
;xsf/L
;xsf/L
;xsf/L
;xsf/L
;xsf/L
;xsf/L
sfof{no,
sfof{no,
sfof{no,
sfof{no,
sfof{no,
sfof{no,
sfof{no,
sfof{no,
slknj:t'
bfª
;'v]{t
alb{of
h'Dnf
8f]6L
s~rgk'/
a}t8L
sflknj:t' / c3f{vfrLF
bfª, ?s'd , /f]N kf,;Nofg / Ko"7fg
;'v]{t, hfFh/sf]6 / b}n]v
jlb{o f
h"Dnf, x'Dnf, 8f]N kf, d'u' / sflnsf]6
8f]6L, aemfª, afh'/f / c5fd
s~rgk'/ / 88]N w'/f
a}t8L / bfr'{nf
34
123101
76200
190500
50450
22000
104000
155300
77200
191500
83000
60000
1064800
196050
27200
32000
99100
0
0
33250
56800
61500
0
107600
83500
65000
16240
60900
8100
0
3880562
#=!) cf=j= @)&)÷&! df PsLs/0f, btf{ vf/] h L / lnSjL8] zg ul/Psf ;xsf/L ;+ :yfx?sf] ljj/0f
qm=;=
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
lhNnf
Plss/)f
gofF btf{
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, dsjfgk'/
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, slknj:t'
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, 8f]6L
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, gjnk/f;L
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, pbok'/
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, sf7df8f}+
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, nlntk'/
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, eQmk'/
;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no, s}nfnL
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, ;'v]{t
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, emfkf
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, tgx"F
;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no, sf:sL
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, :ofª\hf
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, kfNkf
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, ?kGb\xL
;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no, lrtjg
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, af/f
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, k;f{
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, /f}tx6
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, wg'iff
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, ;nf{xL
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, l;/fxf
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, df]/ª
;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no, ;'g;/L
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, sfe|]
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, h"Dnf
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, wflbª
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, g'jfsf]6
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, bf]nvf
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, afUn'ª
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, s~rgk'/
;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{nom afFFs]
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, a}t8L
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, alb{o f
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, bfª
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, Onfd
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, wg's'6f
hDdf
35
btf{ vf/]hL
lnSjL8]zg
24
2
17
0
23
38
0
0
0
4
0
0
16
65
53
2
1
2
12
8
19
0
0
0
35
16
53
2
0
0
8
0
1
0
0
0
0
77
1
4
82
2
2
2
74
23
29
2
0
0
7
5
23
0
0
0
30
0
8
0
28
34
0
2
24
22
0
0
70
44
1
0
18
13
0
0
112
188
1
1
12
9
0
0
30
0
6
0
96
0
18
0
88
1
30
0
42
0
4
0
73
1
8
2
81
0
2
0
31
0
8
0
38
1
9
0
67
1
0
0
143
4
0
0
16
0
3
0
37
0
0
0
21
0
0
1
35
1
37
0
109
47
144
0
0
0
5
21
108
0
5
0
2212
28
475
10
#=!! dlxnf4f/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] lhNnfut ljj/0f
qm=;=
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
lhNnf
sf7df8f}+
eQmk'/
nlntk'/
dsjfgk'/
g'jfsf]6
/;'jf
bf]nvf
/fd]5fk
;'v]{t
sfe|]
l;Gw'kfNrf]s
s~rgk'/
88]Nw'/f
wg'iff
dxf]Q/L
l;Gw'nL
af/f
k;f{
a}t8L
bfr{'nf
;nf{xL
lrtjg
s}nfnL
sf:sL
;'g;/L
l;/fxf
;Kt/L
jfUn'ª
kj{t
DofUbL
d':tfª
:ofª\hf
tgx"F
/f}tx6
gjnk/f;L
wgs'6f
kfNkf
u'NdL
;:yfx?sf] ;+Vof
qm=;=
167
61
87
94
68
18
59
40
56
126
46
49
16
103
111
66
55
52
24
16
79
97
75
62
100
39
62
43
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
32
29
4
31
42
86
102
35
74
36
75
37
36
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
lhNnf
cf]vn9'Ëf
pbok'/
;f]n'v'Da'
vf]6fË
8f]6L
c5fd
aemfª
afh'/f
b}n]v
hfh/sf]6
uf]/vf
ndh'Ë
dgfª
emfkf
alb{of
bfª
;Nofg
?s'd
/f]N] kf
Ko"7fg
ef]hk'/
;+v'jf;ef
t]¥xy'd
Onfd
kfFry/
tfKn]h'Ë
df]/ª
h"Dnf
d'u'
sflnsf]6
8f]Nkf
x''Dnf
?kGb]xL
slkna:t'
c3f{vfrLF
afFs]
wflbª
hDdf
;:yfx?sf] ;+Vof
27
50
17
15
28
32
26
13
28
10
81
28
4
118
51
115
19
11
14
30
26
15
13
66
31
22
133
26
10
4
3
7
57
55
24
55
87
3656
3=12
ljQLo sf /f ]a f /sf c f wf /df ;xsf /L ;+: Yf f x?sf ] ;+V of Tds ljj/)f
? 5
? 1 b]lv ? 5 s/f]*
qm=;=
lhNnf
5 s/f]*
b]lv 50
;Dd
s/f]* ;Dd
? 1 b]lv s/f]* b]lv
?= 50
s/f]* eGbf
qm=;=
lhNnf
dfyL
5 s/f]*
;Dd
;+Vof
;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof
1
sf7df8f}+
2
eQmk'/
nlntk'/
dsjfgk'/
g'jfsf]6
/;'jf
;'v]{t
hfh/sf]6
b}n]v
sfe|]
l;Gw'kfNrf]s
wflbª
bf]nvf
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
/fd]5fk
lrtjg
wg'iff
dxf]Q/L
l;Gw'nL
88]Nw'/ f
sGrgk'/
af/f
k;f{
;'g;/L
;nf{xL
s}nfnL
l;/fxf
;Kt/L
jfUn'ª
DofUbL
d':tfª
kj{t
/f}tx6
sf:sL
kfNkf
u'NdL
:ofªhf
slknj:t'
c3f{vfrLF
87
45
92
24
1
22
14
11
1
–
–
11
4
1
0
0
13
7
25
11
51
gjnk/f;L
tgx'F
uf]/ vf
ndh'ª
dgfª
afFs]
alb{of
bfª
;Nofg
Ko'7fg
?s'd
/f]Nkf
52
923
205
16
39
?kGb]]xL
139
54
3
40
147
61
4
41
20
10
42
24
4
3
0
29
5
1
0
1
0
–
–
–
–
–
–
20
21
2
48
49
0
0
42
8
30
11
9
3
10
6
0
9
41
21
19
7
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
20
3
2
9
4
8
4
6
3
95
34
27
4
13
0
6
1
5
1
?= 50
50 s/f]* s/f]* eGbf
;Dd
dfly
43
44
45
46
47
50
1
1
1
0
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
20
1
4
0
4
0
emfkf
107
25
2
53 df]/ª
125
22
54 *f]Nkf
0
0
55 x'Dnf
0
0
56 h"Dnf
8
0
57 d"u"
1
0
2
0
73 Onfd
12
74 kfF ry/
5
1
75 tfKn]h'ª
3
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2535
737
33
58 sflnsf]^
14
0
60 vf]^fª
3
0
61 c f]vn('+uf
4
0
62 ;f]n'v'Da'
1
0
63 wg's"^f
3
0
64 ef]hk"/
0
0
65 t]x|y"d
2
0
59 pbok'/
10
2
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
70 afh'/f
2
190
65
2
71 a}t*L
4
0
21
4
–
–
–
–
–
72 bfr{'nf
2
0
2
16
3
5
4
0
0
0
0
16
2
17
12
14
7
8
0
66 ;+v'jf;ef
0
0
67 *f]^L
1
0
68 c %fd
0
0
69 aemfª
1
0
0
hDdf
37
#=!# ljleGg tfnLd sfo{ qmddf n} + lËs ;xeflutf
qm=;=
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
sfof{ no
s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|
;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sof{no,
;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sof{no,
;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sof{no,
;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sof{no,
;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sof{no,
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, emfkf
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, Onfd
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, wgs'6f
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, df]/ª
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, l;/fxf
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, pbok'/
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, wg'iff
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, ;nf{xL
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, /f}tx6
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, af/f
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, k;f{
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, dsjfgk'/
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, bf]nvf
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, sfe|]
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, eQmk'/
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, sf7df8f}+
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, nlntk'/
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, g'jfsf]6
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, wflbª
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, tgx'F
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, afUn'ª
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, :ofª\h f
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, kfNkf
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, gjnk/f;L
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, ?kGb]xL
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, slknj:t'
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, bfª
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, ;'v]{t
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, alb{of
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, h'Dnf
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, 8f]6L
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, s~rgk'/
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, a}t8L
hDdf
dlxnf
;'g;/L
lrtjg
sf:sL
afFs]
s}nfnL
k'? if
380
522
hDdf
s}lkmot
902 clws[t :tl/o cfjf;Lo tfnLd
611
532
1143 ;xfos :t/Lo cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd
601
533
1134 ;xfos :t/Lo cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd
754
519
1273 ;xfos :t/Lo cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd
673
446
1119 ;xfos :t/Lo cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd
495
419
914 ;xfos :t/Lo cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd
329
424
753 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd
563
756
1319 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd
518
660
1178 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd
443
517
960 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd
540
242
782 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd
632
405
1037 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd
218
666
884 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd
405
620
1025 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd
982 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd
650
332
250
525
775 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd
244
777
1021 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd
755
570
1325 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd
555
534
1089 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd
458
639
1097 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd
298
357
655 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd
328
697
1025 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd
1207 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd
722
485
492
730
1222 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd
620
408
1028 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd
975
655
1630 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd
872
287
1159 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd
470
423
893 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd
413
509
922 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd
778
501
1279 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd
527
390
917 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd
327
815
1142 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd
692
582
1274 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd
324
480
804 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd
289
413
702 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd
350
500
850 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd
870
471
1341 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd
520
318
838 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd
452
450
902 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd
20393
38
20109 40502
kl/R5]b – $
cf=j= @)&)÷&! df ljefu / cGt/utsf sfof{nox?df ;+rflnt
sfo{qmdx?sf] k|ult ljj/0fM
$=! ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[9Ls/0f cfo]fhgf -#!@!#$–#÷$_ M
k[i7e'ld M
;xsf/L P]g, @)$* tyf ;xsf/L lgodfjnL, @)$( nfu' eP kl5
;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yfx? k|ToIf?kdf ;/sf/L lgb]z
{ g / lgoGq0fjf6 d'Qm eO{
:jzfl;t Pj+ :jfoQ ;+:yfsf] ?kdf ;~rfng x'g] sfg'gL k|fjwfgsf]
yfngL eof] . jt{dfg cj:yfdf ;xsf/L If]qsf] ljsf;sf] ;Gbe{df
;/sf/sf] e'ldsf lgodssf] ;fy} ;xhstf{ / k|j4{gfTds aGg k'us
] f] 5 .
cf=j= @)&)÷&! sf] cGTo ;Dd b]zdf #!%)& ;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yfx? btf{
e} ;~rfngdf cfPsf 5g\ . ;xsf/L sfof{nox?sf] ;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yf
btf{ ug]{ / cg'udg ug]{ cfwf/e't sfd dWo] jh]6sf] cefjdf cg'udg
;DaGwL sfo{ k|efjsf/L x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ;xsfl/tfsf] efjgf cg'?k
;xsf/L ;+:yfx?nfO{ lbuf] t'Nofpg cfjZos kg]{ sfo{qmdx? ;xsf/L
ljefu tyf l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{nox? dfkm{t ;~rfngdf Nofpg
;lsPsf] v08df ;xsf/L cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;sf/fTds lbzfdf cufl8 a9fpg
/ ul/jL Go'lgs/0fsf] nflu ;xsf/L cGbf]ngnfO{ kl/rflnt ug{ ;lsg]
k|jn ;+efjgf /x]sf] 5 . o;af6 ;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yfx? cfk\mgf] p2]Zo
cg'?k lqmoflzn eO{ ;xsf/L If]q ;'b9[ Ls/0f x'g] tyf :yfgLo ;|ft]
;fwgsf] kl/rfng / pkof]uaf6 ;b:o gful/sx?sf] cfly{s l:ylt,
;fdflhs hLjg:t/ tyf pBdlzntfsf] ljsf; ;d]t x'g uO{ ;xztfAbL
ljsf; nIo / cfjlws of]hgfdf kl/nlIot u/LjL lgjf/0f ug]{ p2]Zo
k'/f ug{df ;3fp k'Ug] ck]Iffsf ;fy cf=j= @)&)÷&! df lgDg
sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ul/Psf] lyof] .
;xsf/L ;DaGwL j[Qlrq lgdf{0f tyf k|zf/0f M
d'n'ssf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs k|0ffnLnfO{ ;+:yfut ug{ ;xsfl/tfsf] k|j4{g,
tyf ljsf;sf lgldQ ;xsf/L k|j4{g ;DaGwL ;r]tgfd'ns ;fdfu|L tof/L ug'{
h?/L ePsf] 5 . o;}qmddf ;xsf/L ljefun] ljut jif{x? b]lv o; k|sf/sf
k|j4{gfTds sfo{qmd ;+rfng ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . o;} qmddf cf=j= )&)÷&! df
;xsf/L ;DjGwL ;'rgf tyf r]tgfd'ns k|j4{g ;DaGwL hfgsf/L k|bfg ug]{
39
p2]Zosf ;fy ;xsf/L ';xsf/L lrof pTkfbs' gfds a[Qlrq tyf @ j6f
;Gb]zd'ns lhª\unsf] lgdf{0f u/L pQm ;fdfu|Lsf] k|zf/0f dfk{mt ;xsf/L
;+jGwL ;Gb]zd'ns ljifox?nfO{ cfd gful/sx? dfem k'¥ofpg] sfo{qmd /x]sf]]
lyof] . o; k|sf/sf] ;xsf/L >Job[Zo ;fdfu|Lsf] lgdf{0f tyf k|zf/0f dfk{mt
;xsf/Lsf cfwf/e't dfGotfsf cltl/Qm ;xsf/LpBdsf] ;kmntfsf] lgldQ
cfjZos ljifoj:t'x?sf] hfgsf/L lbg] / ;xsf/Lsf] gfddf x'g] ck|fs[lts
lqmofsnfksf lj?4 va/bf/L ub}{ cfd hgtfnfO{ ;';'lrt ug]{ nIo adf]lhd
cf=j=@)&)÷&! df ;xsf/Lsf] Oltxf; emNsg] u/L cfd >f]tfnfO{ hfgsf/L
k|bfg ug]{ p4]Zon] ;xsf/L ljut / at{dfg gfds a[Qlrq lgdf{0f / k|;f/0f
ul/Psf] lyof] .
;+:yfut ;'b[l9s/0f sfo{qmd M
;xsf/L ljefu cGtu{tsf lgsfox?sf] ;+:yfut Pj+ ef}lts kIf lgs}
sdhf]/ /x]sf] sf/0f tL sfof{nox?df sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ sfddf pTk|]l/t
;d]t u/fpg ;lsPsf] 5}g . o; kl/k]|Iodf b}lgs sfo{ ;+rfngsf
lgldQ cfjZos j:t' tyf ;]jfsf cfk'lt{ u/L sfo{ ;Dkfbg k|lqmofnfO{
k|efjsf/L jgfpg' h?/L ePsf] 5 . o;} qmddf ljefu / cGt{utsf
sfof{nox?sf nflu cfjZos Go'gtd ef}lts k'jf{wf/ ;]jfx?sf] lgdf{0f
tyf Joj:yfkg u/L sfd{rf/Lx?nfO{ cfs{lift ug's
{ f ;fy} sfof{no
;+rfngdf ;d]t ;'udtf Nofpg k|:t't sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/Psf] lyof] .
cf=j= @)&)÷&! df l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no wg'iffsf] sfof{no ejgsf]
lgdf{0f sfd ;DkGg ePsf] / l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no ;nf{xLsf] sfof{no
ejgsf] lgdf{0f sfdsf] nflu df6f] kl/If0f ;DkGg u/L af]nkq cfXjfg
ug]{ sfd ;DkGg eO{ ejg lgdf{0fsf] sfd rfn' cj:yfdf /x]sf] 5 .
40
kmlg{r/ tyf lkmSr;{ vl/bM
cf=j= @)&)÷&! df ;xsf/L ljefu, s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|,
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no / ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no
lrtjg, sf:sL, afFs] / s}nfnLdf 5fqfjf; tyf sfo{nosf] nflu cfjZos
kmlg{r/ -s'rL{, ;f]kmf, b/fh, 6]a'n, kmfOn SofjLg]6 cflb_ vl/b ul/Psf]
lyof] .
s[lif hGo ;xsf/L k|zf]wg pBf]usf] :yfkgf cg'bfgM
tLg jlif{o cGtl/d of]hgf -@)&)÷&!–@)&@÷&#_ t]x|f} of]hgfdf ;xsf/L
;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] ;xsfo{df @@% j6f ;fgf, # j6f demf}nf ;xsf/L
pBf]ux? :yfkgf ug]{ nIf jdf]lhd cf=j= @)&)÷&! df dx–!, lrof–!,
b'Uw–!, slkm–!, pv'–!, cb'jf–!, dlxnf÷vfB–&, df5f–@, blnt–#,
kz'kfng–@% -ufO{, afv|f, e]8f / a+u/' _ ;d]tsf $# j6f ;xsf/L pBdsf]
nflu d]lzg/L cf}hf/ nufot k'lhut vr{ tkm{ ? !,##,)) xhf/ cg'bfg
lbg] sfd ePsf] lyof] .
dlxnf ;xsf/L 4f/f vfB k|zf]wg pBf]usf] :yfkgf cg'bfgM
dlxnf ;xsf/L ;+:yf 4f/f ;+rflnt ;;fgf & j6f vfB k|zf]wg pBdsf]
nflu ?=!&,)) xhf/ cg'bfg lbg] sfd ePsf] lyof] .
;xsf/L s[lif kmfd{ :yfkgf cg'bfgM
;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx? 4f/f :yflkt ufO{, afv|f / a+u'/ kmfd{ ;+rfngsf]
nflu @% j6f ;+:yfx?nfO{ ?=*$,)) xhf/ cg'bfg ljt/0f eof] .
;xsf/L zLte08f/ :yfkgf cg'bfgM
Gog'gtd @% j6f ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx? ldn]/ ljsf;If]qut ?kdf
lzte08f/ lgdf{0fsf] nflu cfj]bg u/]df ;DefAotfsf] cfwf/df k|To]s
ljsf;If]qdf !.! j6f zLte08f/sf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] s'n k'h
F Lut
nfutsf] %)Ü ;Dd cg'bfg lbg] nIo lnPsf]df cf=j= )&).&! df
dWodf~rnsf] lrtjg lhNnfdf :yflkt lrtjg rgf}nL ;xsf/L zLt
41
e08f/sf] lgdf{0fsf] nflu ? &%,)) xhf/ ;d]t xfn ;Dd ? !,#&,%)
xhf/ a/fa/sf] k'FhLUft cg'bfg pknAw u/fO{Psf] lyof] .
blntsf] k/Dk/fut k]zfsf] cfw'lgs/0fsf] nflu k'+hLut cg'bfg M
blntx?sf] k/Dk/fut k]zf dWo] 5fnfsf] sfd ug]{ ;xsf/L ;+:yf–! /
l;nfO{ s6fO{sf] sfd ug]{ ;xsf/L ;+:yf–@ u/L hDdf # j6f ;xsf/L
;+:yfsf] nflu ? *,)) xhf/ k'+hLut cg'bfg pknAw u/fpg] sfd ;DkGg
eof] .
/fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=sf] s]Gb|Lo ejg lgdf{0f cg'bfg M
/fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3sf] s]Gb|Lo ejg lgdf{0fsf] nflu cf=j=)^&.^* df ? (&
nfv *% xhf/, cf=j= )^*.^( df ? ! s/f]8, cf=j= @)^(÷&) df ?= @
s/f]8, cf=j= @)&)÷&! df ? !,)),)) xhf/ j/fj/sf] cg'bfg /sd ejg
lgdf0f{ tkm{ e'QmfgL ePsf]n] xfn ;Dd /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3sf] ejg lgdf{0f
tkm{ ? $ s/f]8 (& nfv *% xhf/ e'QmfgL eO{ ejg lgdf{0f ;DkGg ePsf]
5.
;xsf/L ljefu kl/;/ ;'wf/ tyf Joj:yfkg M
cf=j= )&).&! df s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb| / ;xsf/L ljefusf]
kl/;/nfO{ Jojl:yt u/fp+g] sfd ePsf] 5 . sfo{fnosf] jftfj/0f ;'Gb/ /
k|efjsf/L agfpg kl/;/ ;'wf/sf] sfd ul/Psf] xf] . ;xsf/L ljefudf
yk sIf lgdf{0f / kl/;/sf] 9n dd{t ;'wf/ u/L ef}lts jftfj/0fdf ;'wf/
ug{, sfof{no ;'/Iff ug]{ k|of]hgsf nflu k|:t't sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/Psf]
lyof] . ;xsf/L ljefu÷s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb| / l8lehg ;xsf/L
sfof{no bf]nvf, pbok'/, df]/ª, g'jfsf]6, kfNkf, bfª, a}t8L, s~rgk'/ /
;=k|=l8=sf= sf:sLsf] kl/;/ ;'wf/sf] sfd ePsf] lyof] .
42
;xsf/L tYof+s Joj:yfkg Pj+ k|ltj]bg k|sfzg M
k|To]s lhNnfdf ;+rfngdf /x]sf ljleGg k|sl[ tsf ;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yfsf]
;+Vof, ;b:o ;+Vof -dlxnf÷k'?if_, z]o/k'Flh, art kl/rfng, nufgL /
k|ToIf /f]huf/L nufot cGo sf/f]jf/x?sf] ljifodf hfgsf/L k|fKt u/L tL
clen]vnfO{ sDKo'6/s[t (Computerised) ug{] sfo{ ;xsf/L ljefun]
cWofjlws ?kdf ub}{ cfPsf]5 . k|To]s l8lehg sfof{nodf ;'rgfx?nfO{
cBfjlws u/L ;xsf/L tYof+s ;DaGwL lhNnf k|f]kmfOn k|sfzg ug{s
' f
;fy} hfu/0f k|sfzg sfo{nfO{ lgoldt t'NofO{ ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] k|j4{g
tyf lgodg sfo{df ;xof]u h'6fpg] sfd ePsf] 5 . ;'rgfsf] If]qdf
ljleGg l8lehg sfof{nosf] kx'r
F nfO{ ;'ud t'Nofpg / ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{
pknAw u/fpg of] sfo{ h?/L dx;'; ePsf] 5 . lhNnfn] cBfjlws
u/]sf] tYof+sx?nfO{ ljefuaf6 Plss[t u/L clen]vsf] ?kdf ;xsf/L ;+3
;+:yfx?sf] tYof+s k|sflzg ug]{ of]hgf cg';f/ ut;fn s} lg/Gt/
sfo{qmdsf] ?kdf of] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/Psf] lyof] .
sfo{no lg/LIf0f / ;+3÷;+:yf tyf cg'bfg k|fKt kl/of]hgf cg'udg M
;xsf/L P]g @)$* n] ;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yfsf] btf{, ljlgod ;+zf]wg,
vf/]hL nufotsf sfo{x? ug{ ;xsf/L ljefusf /lhi6«f/ jf /lhi6«f/n]
tf]ss
] f] clws[t sd{rf/LnfO{ clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg x'g ;Sg] Joj:yf u/]sf]
5 . ;xsf/L ljefu cGtu{tsf ;Dk'0f{ l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{nodf
clws[tsf] kbk'lt{ x'g g;s]sf] sf/0f ;]jfu|fxLsf] lgldQ ;j{;'ne ?kdf
;xsf/L ;DaGwL ;]jf lbg g;lsPsf] kl/k|I] odf ;xsf/L ;DaGwL ;]jfnfO{
3'lDt 6f]nL dfk{mt ;]jf k|bfg ubf{ k|efjsf/L x'g] dx;'z u/L cf=a=
@)&)÷&! df ljefujf6 / cfjZostf cg';f/ l8lehg sfof{nojf6
clws[t ;lxtsf] 6f]nL ;DjlGwt :yfgdf uO{ ;xsf/L ;DaGwL ;]jf lbg]
p2]Zon] k|:t't sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . To;} u/L ;xsf/L
ljefusf /lhi6«f/ tyf cGo sd{rf/Lx?jf6 &% k6s ljleGg l8lehg
sfof{nox?sf] lg/LIf0f tyf kl/of]hgf cg'udgsf] sfd ePsf] lyof] .
;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;3g cg'udg M—
cf=j=@)&)÷&! df art tyf C0fsf] sf/f]af/ ug]{ %)) 7'nf ;xsf/L -?=
% s/f]8 eGbf a9Lsf] sf/f]af/ ePsf_ ;+:yfx? ;3g cg'udg u/L
;xsf/L ;'zf;gdf ;'wf/ ug{] sfo{qmd adf]lhd sf7df08f}+ pkTosfdf
43
@@# j6f / pkTosf aflx/ !(% u/L hDdf $!* j6f ;+:yfsf] cg'udg
u/L k|ltj]bg lbg], k|ltj]bg pk/ 5nkmn u/fpg] / ;'emfj lbg] sfd
ePsf] lyof] .
;xsf/L ;'rgf k|;f/0f Pj+ k|sfzg M
s= ;xsf/L ;DaGwL >Jo÷b[io ;fdfu|L k|zf/0f
;xsf/L ;DjGwL ljleGg k|sf/sf ;Gb]zd'ns /]l8of] tyf 6]lnlehg
;Gb]zx? cfly{s jif{ )&)÷&! df @! k6s k|zf/0f ug]{ nIo /flvPsf]df
ljut cf=j= df lgdf{0f ePsf] ;xsf/L x'G5 hxf+ ljsf; x'G5 Toxf+,
bfh'efO{ / bfOhf] gfds 6]lnrnlrq ;d]t k|zf/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . g]kfn
6]lnlehg / /u/dfyf 6]lnlehgaf6 cn Go'h Kofs]h sfo{qmd cGt/ut
b}lgs qmdzM !) k6s / !$ k6s bz÷bz lbg ;Dd hDdf @$) k6s
;xsf/L k|j4{g tyf lbodg ljifos ;fj{hlgs ;]jf pb\3f]if k|zf/0f ePsf]
;fy} kk'n/ d]l8of P08 OG6/6]gd]G6 k|f=ln=af6 sflnsf, uf]/vf, d]/f] /
:6f/ Pkm=Pd=af6 ;xsf/L lgodg / ;'zf;g ;DaGwL ;fj{hlgs ;]jf
pb\3f]if -lhËn_ !% lbg ;Dd lbgsf] $ k6s k|zf/0f ug]{ u/L hDdf ^)
k6s ;xsf/L ;Gb]z k|zf/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . To;} u/L pHofnf] ()
Pkm=Pd= dfkm{t b]ze/ ;'Gg ;lsg] u/L #) lbg ;Dd b}lgs b'O{ k6s
hDdf ^) k6s ;xsf/L k|j4{g tyf lgodg ljifos ;fj{hlgs pb\3f]if
k|zf/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . o; k|sf/sf ;Gb]zd'ns ;fdfu|Lx?sf] k|zf/0fjf6
cfd gfu/Lsx?df ;xsf/L ;DjGwL ;r]tgf clej[l4 eO{ ;xsf/L k|ltsf]]
b[li6sf]0fnfO{ ;d]t ;sf/fTds jgfpg ;xof]u k'us
] f] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5,
. To;} u/L ;xsf/LsdL{x?nfO{ ;+:yf ;+rfngsf] ljifodf yk hfgsf/L tyf
;'rgf k|fKt eO{ ;xsf/L efjgfsf] ljsf;df ;xof]u k'us
] f] cg'dfg
ul/Psf] 5 . sfo{qmd ;+rfngsf] k|efj ;sf/fTds g} /x]sf] sf/0f cfufdL
lbgdf ;d]t ;xsf/L ljefusf] lgodgfTds / k|j4{gsf/L e'ldsf jxg
ug{ ;xfos x'g] u/L of] sfo{qmdsf] lg/Gt/ ?kdf ;+rfng ul/b} cfPsf]
b]lvG5 .
v= kq klqsf dfk{mt ;xsf/L ;DaGwL ;'rgf k|sfzg
;xsf/L ;DjGwL ;'rgf tyf hfgsf/Lx?sf] k|jfx lgoldt ?kdf x'g
;s]df g} ;xsf/L lgodgdf k|efjsf/Ltf cfpg ;Sg] tYonfO{ dWogh/
/fvL ;xsf/L ;DjGwL ljleGg k|sl[ tsf ;'rgf tyf hfgsf/Lx?nfO{ kq
44
klqsfdf k|sflzt ug]{ sfo{qmd ut cf=j= b]lv lg/Gt/ ?kdf x'b}+ cfPsf]
5 . g]kfn ;/sf/n] lglb{i6 u/]sf /fli6«o :t/sf b}lgs kq klqsfdf
tyf :yfgLo kq klqsfdf ;'rgf k|sflzt oL ;'rgf tyf hfgsf/Lx?sf]
kxF'r ;d]t /fli6«o :t/df u/fpg ;xof]u k'Ug] ePsf]n] ;xsf/L
ljefusf] tk{mjf6 k|rf/ ug'{ kg]{ ljifox?nfO{ lgoldt ?kdf k|sfzg ug]{
p2]Zon] cf=j= )&)÷&! df of] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/Psf] lyof] .
ljefujf6 #^ k6s / l8lehg sfof{nojf6 !%@ k6s ;fj{hlgs ;'rgf
hf/L ePsf] lyof] .
If]qLo:t/df jh]6 th'{df tyf ;xsf/L ;'rgf Joj:yfkg ljlw / pkof]u
;DaGwL cGt/lqmof÷5nkmn M
Joj:yfksLo sfo{sf] sfo{s'zntfsf] cfwf/ xf] ;'rgf Joj:yfkg . ;xL
;'rgfsf] Joj:yfkgn] gLltut lg0f{o ug{ / ;/f]sf/jfnfx?df cfjZos
;'rgfx? k|jflxt ug{ d2t k'Ub5 . ;xsf/L ;DjGwL tYout Pj+ ;'rgfn]
;xsf/L k|0ffnL dfk{mt eP u/]sf sfo{sf] of]ubfg ;d]t d'NofÍg ug's
{ f
;fy} sfof{nosf] b}lgs sfo{;Dkfbgdf ;d]t of]ubfg k'Ug] lglZrt 5 .
o; k|sf/sf ;'rgfx?sf cltl/Qm g]kfn ;/sf/sf sfof{nox?n] ;'/lIft
/fVg' kg]{ k|s[ltsf ;'rgf Pj+ tYofËx?nfO{ ;'/lIft /fVg] / tLgsf] pkof]u
ug]{ Ifdtf ;d]t clej[l4 ug]{ k|of]hgsf lgldQ clw/fHosf kfFr ljsf;
If]q ;d]l6g] u/L ;DalGwt ;xsf/L sfof{no tyf ;xsf/L ;+3 P+j ;+:yf
;d]tsf] k|ltlglwTjdf rf/j6f ah]6 sfo{qmd th{d
' f tyf ;xsf/L ;'rgf
ljlw ljifos If]qLo uf]i7L cfof]hgf / ;+rfng ul/Psf] lyof] .
;xsf/L] k|j4{g ljifos cGt/lqmof -uf]i7L_
g]kfndf s[lif pTkfbg, pTkfbsTj Pj+ jhf/Ls/0fsf] lgldQ s[ifsx?s}
;xeflutf / Joj:Yffkgdf ;+rfng x'g] ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? k|efjsf/L x'g] /
pkef]Qmf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] k|j4{g u/L u|fdL0f If]qsf gful/sx?sf
lgldQ jhf/ Joj:yfkg tyf ;+u7gfTds kIfsf jf/]df ;xsf/L ;DjGwL
efjL lqmofsnfk / e'ldsfnfO{ j[l4 ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . /fli6«o ;xsf/L gLlt
@)^( / /fli6«o s[lif gLlt @)^! n] ;xsf/L pBd ljsf; tyf
Jofj;flos s[lifsf] ljsf; ug{ cfjZos kIfx?sf] clej[l4 ug]{ sfo{qmd
/fv]sf] ;Gb{edf s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] k|efjsf/Ltf clej[4L ub}{
;xsf/L v]lt k|j4{gsf lgldQ cfjZos kIfx?sf] klxrfg / ljsf;sf
nflu cGt{/fli6«o If]qsf] cg'ej ;d]tsf cfwf/df gofF gLlt tyf sfo{qmd
45
th'{df ug{ ;xfos x'g] ck]Iff ;lxt s]Gb|Lo tyf ;xsf/L ;+3 / ;xsf/L
kqsf/ ;dfh ;xsfo{df tyf ;DalGwt If]qsf lj1x?sf] ;+nUgtfdf
;xsf/Lsf] e'ldsf ljifos Pslbg] cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd tyf s]Gb|Lo
;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|sf] ;xsfo{df Ps lbg] ';xsf/Ldf Ifdtf ljsf;'
ljifos cGt{lqmof uf]i7L ;+rfng ul/Psf] lyof] .
46
jflif{s ;ldIff uf]i7L M
;xsf/L ljefu / cGt{utsf l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{nox?sf]
sfo{;Dkfbgdf ;'wf/ ug]{ / :t/ clej[l4 ug{ cfk;df ;Dafb a9fpb}
;xsf/L ultljlwsf] ;+rfng / k|j4{gdf sfod /x]sf] ljefuLo gLlt tyf
sfo{qmdsf] jf/]df hfgsf/L lbO{ :yfgLo :t/df b]lvPsf sld÷sdhf]/Lx?
;'wf/ u/L sfo{df k|efjsf/Ltf Nofpg'sf ;fy} ljefuLo sfo{qmd /
gLltsf af/]df ;d]t hfgsf/L lbnfpg] / ljutsf sfo{qmdsf] k|ult
;ldIff u/L efjL sfo{qmdsf] :t/ a[l4 ug]{ k|of]hgsf nflu lgoldt
sfo{qmd s} :j?kdf k|:t't sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/Psf] lyof] .
;xsf/L ;DaGwL P]g, lgod / sfo{ljlwsf d:of}bf lgdf{0f M
;xsf/L If]qsf] Aoj;flos sf/f]jf/ ltj| ultdf ?kdf cufl8 a9b} uPsf]
5 . ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] sf/f]jf/sf] cfwf/df 7'nf ;xsf/L ;+3
;+:yfx?sf] ;3g cg'udg sfo{qmdnfO{ Jojl:y tug{ ;xsf/L cg'udg
sfo{ljlwsf] d:of}bf, ;xsf/L P]g @)$* tyf ;xsf/L lgodfjnL @)$(
sf] ;+zf]wg d:of}bf tof/ ul/Psf] / :jLs[ltsf] nflu k]z ePsf] lyof] .
;xsf/L ;'rgf k|ljlw ;DaGwL ;km\6jo]/ vl/b M
g]kfndf ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] ;+VofTds j[l4sf] t'ngfdf u'0ffTds j[l4
x'g g;s]sf] ;Gbe{df ljefusf ljleGg zfvfx?aLr ;'rgf g]6 jls{ª /
ljefusf] sfo{ k4ltdf kl/dfh{g ug]{ sfd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;fy}
;xsf/L ljefusf] Website ck8]6, xf]l:6ª / ljB'tLo xflh/L ;+aGwL d]zLg
vl/b ul/Psf] lyof] .
gd'gf lhNNff ;xsf/L k|j4{g sfo{qmdM
o; sfo{qmd cGt/ut ;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:Yffx?sf] ;xeflutfdf 3gs'6f,
bf]nvf, kfNkf, /f]Nkf, s~rgk'/ / a}t8L lhNnfdf cGt/lqmof uf]i7Lsf]
cfof]hgf u/L :yfgLo If]qdf ;xsf/Lsf] cj;/ / ;Defjgfsf] af/]df
5nkmn ePsf] lyof] .
;xsf/L ljefusf] ;+u7g Aoj:yfkg ;e]I{ f0fM
;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] ;+VofTds j[l4sf] t'ngfdf ;]jf k|bfos ;/sf/L
47
lgsfox?sf] ;+Vof cToGt Go'g dxz'; ePsf]n] ;xsf/L ljefu /
cGt/utsf sfof{nox?sf] ;+u7g / Aopj:yfkg ;e]{If0f ug]s
{ fd ;DkGg
ePsf] 5 .
;xsf/L lbj; sfo{qmd M–
;xsf/Ltfsf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ hLjg k4tLsf] cfwf/sf] ?kdf :jLsf/ ug]{
k/Dk/f / /fli6«o cy{tGqsf] ljsf; / ;LdfGt tx ;Dd cfly{s lqmofsnfk
k|jflxt ug{ dxTjk'0f{ dfWodsf] ?kdf :jLsf/ ul/Psf] 5 . /fli6«o hLjgsf
k|To]s If]qdf ;xsf/Lsf] efjgfnfO{ d't{ ?k lbg] k|of; ePs} ;Gbe{df
g]kfndf ;xsf/L cfGbf]ngn] ljlwjt ?kdf ;+:yfut ?k lnPsf] r}q @)
ut]nfO{ ;xsf/L sld{x?;+usf] ;xeflutf Pj+ ;dGjodf ;xsf/L lbj;
sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ug],{ ;xsf/Ltfsf] efjgfsf jf/]df Jofks k|;f/ ÷k|;f/
ug]{ pb]Zon] k|:t't sfo{qmd b]z e/ ;+rfng ul/Psf] lyof] .
;xsf/L k|j4{g tyf hfu/0f ;fdfu|L k':ts tyf k|ltj]bg k|sfzg M
;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] ;+Vof qmdzM a9\b} u}/x]sf] s'/f cWoogaf6 b]lvPsf]
5 . ;xsf/L If]qdf ;+nUg ;b:o ;+Vof klg a9\b} uPsf] 5 . ;xsf/L k|ltsf]
hfu?stfsf sf/0f gofF ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? :yfkgf x'g] tyf k'/fgf ;xsf/L
;+:yfx? klg k|efjsf/L jGg] qmd j9\b} uPsf] 5 . cfd gful/sx?nfO{
;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yfx? tyf o;df ;+nUg ;b:ox?n] lgefpg' kg]{ e'ldsf Pj+
o;nfO{ s'zntfk'j{s ;+rfng ug{ ckgfpg' kg]{ ljlw tyf ;xsf/L k|0ffnLdf
x'g ;Sg] b'?kof]usf] ;+efjgfnfO{ cGTo ug{ ;/f]sf/jfnf tyf gfu/Lsx?df
tT;DaGwL ;r]tgf tyf hfu?stf l;h{gf ug]{ k|s[ltsf k':ts, a'n]l6g,
d'vkq, k|ltj]bg, k'l:tsf, hfgsf/L ljj/0f, lnkmn]6 cflb k|sfzg ug]{
p2]Zon] of] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . cf=j= @)&)÷&! df jflif{s
k|ult k|ltj]bg, ;xsf/L ;r]tgf k'l:tsf, ;xsf/L ;b:o lzIff dfnf,
;xsf/L bk{0f, ;xsf/L tYofÍ, c+u|]hL÷g]kfnL kmf]N8/, ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yf
btf{ ;+rfng, n]vf kl/If0f, cg'udg tyf lgodg ;+aGwL dfkb08, ;xsf/L
P]g, lgod / dfkb08 ;+ufnf] @)&), g]kfnsf] ;xsf/Lsf] kl/ro ljifos
c+uh
]| L k'l:tsf cflb ;d]t * j6f k|sfzgx? k|sflzt ul/Psf] lyof] .
48
;xsf/L ;+3;+:yf cg'udg÷kN;{ cg'udg tfnLd sfo{qmd M
;xsf/L ljefu cGtu{t xfn s'n %($ sd{rff/Lx?sf] b/jGbL /x]sf] 5 . oL
b/jGbLx? dWo] ax';+Vos sd{rf/Lx? g]kfn k|zf;g ;]jfsf sd{rf/Lx? sfo{/t
/x]sf 5g\ . oL sd{rf/Lx?sf] k'0f{ kl/rfng ljgf ;xsf/L ultljlwsf]
k|efjsfl/tf clea[l4 x'g ;Sb}g . ;xsf/L ljefudf hgzlQm ljsf;;+u
;DalGwt sfo{qmdsf] cefjdf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ cfslif{t tyf pTk|l] /t ug{ /
l:yfloTj sfod u/fpg g;lsPsf] ;Gb{edf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ;xsf/L ;DaGwL
ljifodf tflnd k|bfg u/]sf] v08df pgLx?sf] sfo{ bIftfdf ;'wf/ Nofpg
;lsG5 . s'zn / k|lzlIft hgzlQm g} ;+u7gsf] k|efjsfl/tfsf] cfwf/ ePsf]
tYonfO{ dWo]gh/ /flv ;xsf/L ljefu÷s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|af6
ljleGg txsf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ;+nUg u/L cf=j= @)&)÷&! df !% lbj;Lo
;xsf/L ;+3;+:yfsf] cg'udg÷kN;{ cg'udg tfnLd sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/Psf]
lyof] .
cWoog cjnf]sg e|d0f sfo{qmd M–
ljutdf ljleGg ldq/fi6«x?sf] tk{maf6 k|fKt x'g] 5fqa[lQsf] dfqf / ;+Vofdf
;d]t s6f}tL ePsf] b[ionfO{ dWo]gh/ /fVbf ;xsf/Ltf ;DaGwL tflnd jf
cWoog e|d0fsf] cj;/ xfn c;fWo} Go'g /x]sf] 5 . s'zn / k|lzlIft hgzlQm
g} ;+u7gsf] k|efjsfl/tfsf] cfwf/ ePsf] tYonfO{ dWo]gh/ /fVb} ;xsf/L
ljefun] cf=j= @)&)÷&! df ;xsf/L ;DaGwL ljifodf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ cWoog
k|bfg ug{ j}b]lzs e|d0fsf] nflu k|:t't sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . o;
cf=j=df >Ldfg\ /lhi6«f/ Ho'af6 ;xsf/L ljefusf] k|ltlglwTj ub}{ j]nfot,
blIf0f clk|msf, dn]lzof / ef/tsf] e|d0f ul/Psf] lyof] . To;} u/L dGqfnosf]
cfof]hgfdf ljefu tyf cGt/utsf sfof{nosf kbflwsf/Lx?af6 ljb]z e|d0f
ePsf] lyof] .
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{nox?
;xsf/L ljefu cGtu{t #* j6f ;xsf/L sfof{nox? ;+rfngdf /x]sf 5g .
tL dWo] % j6f ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfo{no / ## j6f l8lehg
;xsf/L sfof{nox? /x]sf 5g\ . ljefu cGtu{tsf pNn]lvt lgsfox?af6
cf=j= @)&)÷&! df ;+rfng ePsf sfo{qmdx?sf] ljj/0f lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf]
lyof] .
49
-s_ ;d'x ;xsf/Ls/0f tyf k'j{ ;xsf/L lzIff sfo{qmd M
ut cf=j=)&)÷&! df ljleGg k|s[ltsf ;d'xx?nfO{ tfnLdsf] dfWodaf6
;xsf/Ls/0f ug]{ sfo{qmd /x] adf]lhd *)* j6f ;d'xx?nfO{ k'j{ ;xsf/L
lzIff tflnd ;+rfng u/L ;xsf/Ls/0f sfo{qmd ;DkGg ul/Psf] lyof] . o;
sfo{qmd cGt{ut s[lif, kz', dlxnf ljsf;, ag, :jf:Yo, vfg]kfgL, :yfgLo
ljsf;, ul/aL lgjf/f0f sf]if, u}/;/sf/L lgsfo cflb If]qjf6 k|jl4{t ljleGg
k|sf/sf ;d'xx?nfO{ ;xsf/L If]qdf cfj4 ug{ pTk]l/t ug]{ p2]Zon] #* j6f
l8lehg sfof{no dfkm{t &% lhNnfdf sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{] sfd ul/Psf]
lyof] . o; sfo{qmdaf6 @) xhf/ eGbf a9L JolQmx? nfeflGjt ePsf lyP .
-v_ ;xsf/L ;'zf;g / kf/blz{tfsf] nflu n]vfk/LIfsx? jLrsf]
cGt{lqmof M
;xsf/L ;+3;+:yfsf] kf/blz{tf / ;'zf;gnfO{ Jojl:yt agfpg lhNnfdf
/x]sf n]vfk/Lifsx? aLr cGtlqmof uf]i7Lsf] sfo{qmd ;+rfng u/L
;xsf/L ;+3;+:yfsf] n]vfk/LIf0fdf cKgfpg' kg]{ dfkb08sf] jf/]df 5nkmn
ug{] p2]Zon] g]kfn /fHo e/sf #* j6f ;xsf/L sfof{nox?df o;
k|sf/sf] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ nIo /x]sf]df #* :yfgdf cGt{lqmof uf]i7L
;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .
u_ ;xsf/L ;'zf;g / ;dGjosf] nflu ;xsf/L sdL{x? jLrsf] cGt{lqmofM
;xsf/L Aoj:yfkg / ;'zf;gnfO{ Jojl:yt agfpg lhNnfdf /x]sf
;xsf/L sdL{x? aLr cGtlqmof uf]i7Lsf] sfo{qmd ;+rfng u/L ;xsf/L
;'zf;g / Aoj:yfkgdf cKgfpg' kg]{ gLlt tyf dfkb08sf] jf/]df 5nkmn
ug{] p2]Zon] g]kfn /fHo e/sf #* j6f ;xsf/L sfof{nox?df o;
k|sf/sf] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ nIo /x]sf]df #* :yfgdf dfq cGt{lqmof
;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .
-3_ :yfgLo nfO{g Ph]G;Lsf kbflwsf/Lx?;Fusf] cGt{lqmof uf]i7L M
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no cGt/ut ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yx?sf]
;xsfo{ / ;xeflutfdf cGt/ lhNnf cWoog e|d0fsf] zLnzLnfdf ;kmn
;xsf/Lx?sf] e|d0f u/L cg'ej cfbfg k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . of] sfo{sd
| #*
j6} l8lehgjf6 ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .
50
-ª_ ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] P]lss/0f btf{ vf/]hL tyf lnlSj8]zg M
o; cGt{ut ljleGg l8lehg sfof{nodf btf{ ePsf ;+3;+:yfx?sf]
;+:yfut ;'zf;g ;'b[9 ug]{ p2]Zo adf]lhd #)( ;xsf/L ;+3÷;:+yfx?sf]
Plss/0f, btf{ vf/]hL / lnSjL8]zg–ug]{ nIo /x]sf]df @* j6f Plss/0f,
$&% j6f ;+:yfx?sf] btf{ vf/]hL / !) j6f ;+:yfsf] lnSjL8]zg ug]{
sfo{ ;DkGg ul/Psf] lyof] .
-r_ ;xsf/L lbj; M
k|To]s l8lehg sfof{noaf6 ;xsf/L lbj;sf ljleGg tf]lsPsf
sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ug]{ sfo{qmd adf]lhd cf=j= )&)÷&! df #* j6}
;xsf/L sfof{nox?af6 ;xsf/L cleofgsdL{x?;Fu ;d]t ;dGjo u/L
;xsf/L lbj; dgfpg] sfd ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .
-5_ cg'udg lg/LIf0f k|ltj]bg M
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no cGt{ut ljleGg lhNnfdf u7g ePsf ;xsf/L
;+3÷;+:yfx?sf] lgoldt cg'udg / lg/LIf0f u/L ;'emfj ;lxt k|ltj]bg
tof/ kfg]{ sfo{qmd /x] adf]lhd cf=j= )&)÷&! df &*&* j6f
;+:yfx?sf] lg/LIf0f cg'udg ug]{ nIo /x]sf]df &&#* ;xsf/L ;+3
;+:yfsf] cg'udg lg/LIf0fsf] sfd ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .
-h_ hfu/0f ;fdfu|L k|sfzg / Pkm=Pd=k|zf/0f M
;xsf/L sfof{noaf6 ;xsf/L ;r]tgf ;DaGwL ljleGg hfu/0f ;fdfu|L
k|sfzg / k|zf/0f u/L ;xsf/L lzIff ;'rgf / ;+rf/sf] sfo{qmd ;+rfng
ug]{ nIo adf]lhd !!$ j6f ljleGg hfu/0f ;fdfu|Lx? k|sfzg tyf
ljt/0f / Pkm=Pd=k|;f/0f ul/Psf] lyof] .
51
-em_ ;xsf/L lgodgsf] nflu ;'rgf k|sfzg M
;xsf/L ;DalGw ljleGg ;'rgf / hfgsf/Lx? k|sfzg u/L ;xsf/L lzIff
/ ;+rf/sf] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ sfo{qmd adf]lhd !%@ k6s ;'rgf
k|sfzg sfo{sd
| /x]sf]df ljleGg #* l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{nox?jf6
!$( j6f ljleGg ;'rgfx? k|sfzg ul/Psf] lyof] .
-`_ ;xsf/L ;'rgf Aoj:yfkg u/L k|f]kmfOn tof/ ug]{ M
o; sfo{qmd cGt{ut #* l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{noaf6 cfˆgf] k|fb]lzs
sfo{If]q leq ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] lhNnfut tYofÍ ;lxtsf]
k|f]kmfon tof/ ug]{ sfo{qmd ;d]t /x]sf]df #* j6f l8lehg ;xsf/L
sfof{noaf6 k|fk] mfO{n tof/ ug]{ sfd k'/f ePsf] lyof] .
-6_ ;xsf/L lzIff / tflnd M
;xsf/L If]q ;'b9' Ls/0f cfof]hgf cGt/ut ## j6f l8lehg ;xsf/L
sfof{nojf6 cf=j= @)&)÷&! df b]xfo cg';f/sf tfnLdx? ;+rfng
ePsf lyP M
1=
;xeflutfTds ;xsf/L n]vfkfng tflnd
g]kfndf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? lbgfg'lbg j[l4 x'g'sf] ;fy} ;b:o ;+Vofdf klg j[l4
e}/x]sf] ;Gbe{df ;xsf/L tflnd sfo{qmd k|ofKt gePsf] / tflnd
sfo{qmdnfO{ klg nfut ;xeflutfd'lv ug{ / ;fem]bf/L sfo{qmdsf] ?kdf
;+rfng ubf{ ckgTjsf] cg'e'lt e} sfo{qmd k|efjsf/L x'g], ;xsf/L
;+:yfx?sf] lzIff sf]ifsf] ;b'kof]u x'g] / g]kfn ;/sf/sf] Jooef/ ;d]t sd
ub}{ eljiodf pgLx?nfO{ g} ;zlQms/0f ug]{ p2]Zon] of] sfo{qmd ;~rfng
ul/Psf] lyof] . o:tf] sfo{qmddf ;+:yfaf6 sfo{of]hgf ;lxt tflnd dfu e}
cfPdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] / ;+:yfsf] ;
d]t of]ubfg /xg] u/L sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ dgfl;j x'g] p2]Zo adf]lhd
!*$ j6f ;xeflutfTds ;xsf/L n]vfkfng tflnd sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{
nIo /x]sf]df !&& j6fsf tflnd ;DkGg eO{ $$@% hgf ;xsf/LsdL{x?
nfeflGjt ePsf lyP .
2=
;xsf/L ;]rtgf tfnLd M
52
lhNnf:t/df lbOg] ;xsf/L ;r]tgf tflndsf] nlIft ;+Vof @%* /x]sf]df
@%& j6f tfnLd ;+rfng eO{ ^$@% hgf ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf ;+rfns tyf
;fwf/0f ;b:ox? nfeflGjt ePsf lyP . of]] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ubf{ g]kfn
;/sf/sf ljifout lgsfox?, lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+3 Pj+ ljifout ;+3;+u ;d]t
;dGjo u/L ;+rfng ul/Psf] lyof] .
-7_ l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{nox?sf] sfof{no ejg lgdf{0f M
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no ;nf{xL / wg'iffsf] sfof{no ejg lgdf{0fsf] sfd
z'? ePsf]df l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no wg'iffsf] sfof{no ejg lgdf{0fsf]
sfd ;DkGg ePsf] / l8=;=sf= ;nf{xLsf] sfof{no ejg lgdf{0fdf
k|lqmofut r/0fx? k'/f ug{ nfdf] ;do nfu]sf]n] cf=j= )&!÷&@ df
lgdf{0f sfd cuf8L a9fpg] u/L af]nkq cfXjfgsf] sfd ;DkGg ePsf] 5
.
53
$=@ ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb| -#!@!##–#÷$_
k[i7e'ld M
;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|sf] k|d'v p2]Zo ;xsf/L lzIff / k|lzIf0fsf]
dfWodaf6 ;xsf/Ldf ;+nUg hgzlQmsf] Ifdtf ljsf; ug'{ xf] . o;
;+:yfn] cfkm\gf] :yfkgfsfn b]lv g} ;xsf/L lzIff tyf tflnd ;+rfng
ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . ;xsf/L If]q tyf jftfj/0fdf cfPsf] kl/jt{g;+u} tflnd
;+rfng ug]{ k4ltdf ;do ;fk]If ;'wf/ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . ;xsf/L ;+3
;+:yfx? vf]n/] ;f] dfkm{t Joj;flos sfd sf/f]jf/ ug]{ k4ltdf s]xL jif{
otf ljsf; x'b+ } cfPsf] x'gfn] ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vofdf lbgfg'lbg j[l4 x'+b}
uO/x]sf] 5 . o;} tYonfO{ dWogh/ u/L o; ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|nfO{
s]GbLo ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|df kl/0ft u/L b]zsf cGo ljleGg 5
lhNnfdf ;d]t ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no :yfkgf u/L
pRrtxsf tflndx? s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|df k|f/lDes tflndx?
;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{noaf6 ;+rfng x'g] / r]tgfd'ns
sfo{qmdx? l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{noaf6 ;+rfng ePsf] lyof] .
o;/L ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|af6 ;+rflnt ljleGg tflnd sfo{qmd
cGtu{t bL3{sflng s[lif ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ ;d]t d2t k'Ug] u/L
s[ifsx?sf] cfly{s lxtnfO{ 6]jf k'¥ofpg b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf,
jx'pb]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+:yf, dlxnf ;xsf/L ;+:yf, jrt tyf C0f ;xsf/L
;+:yf h:tf ;xsf/L ;d'xsf ;+rfns÷Joj:yfks tyf ;b:ox?nfO{
;xsf/L lzIff, ;r]tgf tyf cfwf/e't ;xsf/L Joj:yfkg tflnd k|bfg
ug]{ sfo{qmd /fVb} cfPsf] 5 .
oL sfo{qmdsf] ljleGg ;dodf ul/Psf] cWoogaf6 ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf]
sf/f]jf/df ljljlws/0f d'gfkmf cfh{g Ifdtfdf j[l4 / Joj;flos ;f]rsf]
ljsf; e} ;sf/fTds l:yltsf] ;+st] ;d]t b]vfk/]sf] 5 . o; cltl/Qm
lbgfg'lbg j9\b} uPsf jx'd'vL Pj+ jrt tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf]
sf/f]jf/nfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ ;DjlGwt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf ;+rfns tyf
Joj:yfksx?nfO{ cfwf/e't ;xsf/L Joj:yfkg tflnd / Joj;fo k|j4{g
tflnd klg ;+rfng ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . cfufdL lbgdf pkef]Qmf tyf
z]o/xf]N8/x?sf] lxt ;+/If0fdf ;r]ttf Nofpg k|lzIf0fnfO{ 3'DtL ?kdf
klg ;+rfng ug'{ kg]{ cfjZostf j9]sf] 5 . ;fy} s[lif ;xsf/LnfO{
jhf/Ls/0f ug]{tkm{ Wofg k'¥ofpg' kg]{ dx;'; e} o; s]Gb|sf] tflnd
kf7\oqmdx?df ;dofg';f/ ;'wf/ ub}{ nluPsf] 5 . cg'udg kIfnfO{ ;zQm
/ ;'b[9 ug{ ;xsf/Ldf sfo{/t hgzlQmnfO{ n]vf ljZn]if0f ug{ ;Ifd
54
t'Nofpg n]vfkfng tflnd / ;+:yfsf ;b:ox?nfO{ ;xsf/L lzIff, ;r]tgf
tyf tflnd klg ;+rfng x'+b} cfPsf] 5 / cfufdL jif{ klg lg/Gt/tf lbg'
kg]{ cfjZostf 5 . k|lzIf0f lbg] qmddf ;Dj4 sd{rf/Lsf] bIftf / Ifdtf
ljsf; ug'{ klg cfjZos x'G5 . ;f] sf] nflu ;xsf/L ljefu / k|lzIf0f
s]Gb|sf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tflndsf dfWodaf6 k|lzIf0f ;Lk
ljsf; ug]{ / cWoog cg';Gwfgsf sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng u/L tflnd
kf7\oqmd / kf7of]hgf kl/dfh{g ug]{ sfo{nfO{ klg lg/Gt/tf lb+b}
cfO/x]sf] 5 .
p2]Zo
o; s]Gb|sf] d'Vo p2]Zo, ;xsf/L If]qdf ;+nUg /x]sf kbflwsf/Lx?,
Joj:yfks / sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;Lk, 1fg / Jojxf/df ;sf/fTds kl/jt{g
Nofpg tflnd / cg';Gwfg sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug'{ /x]sf] 5 . o;sf
cltl/Qm s]Gb|sf] p2]Zox? b]xfo jdf]lhd 5g\M
s_ ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfsf kbflwsf/L Pj+ ;b:ox?df Joj;flos
;f]rsf] ljsf; ug]{ .
v_ ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfdf ;+nUg kbflwsf/Lx?sf] Joj:yfksLo
Ifdtfdf clea[l4 ug]{ .
u_ ;xsf/L lzIffsf] dfWoaf6 ;xsf/Lsf ;j{dfGo l;4fGt gLlt
nufot sfd st{Jo / sfo{If]qsf] jf/]df ;r]ttf hufO{ ;f]xL
cg';f/ ;+:yf ;+rfng ug{ pTk|]l/t ug]{ .
gLlt tyf /0fgLlt
1=
2=
3=
4=
5=
;xsf/L Joj;fodf ;+nUg /x]sf ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf kbflwsf/L tyf
Joj:yfksx?nfO{ s]Gb|:t/df tflnd k|bfg ug]{ .
;xsf/L cfGbf]ngdf nfu]sf ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf ;+rfns
;b:ox?nfO{ If]q:t/df tflnd ;+rfng ug]{,
cfwf/e't txdf ;+rfng x'g] tflndx?nfO{ k|efjsf/L / k|lzIffyL{
s]Gb|Lt jgfpg tflnd ;fdfu|L tof/ ug]{ .
ljleGg ;d'xx?nfO{ ;xsf/Lsf] dfWodåf/f Joj;flos
s[ofsnfkdf ;+nUg x'g ;xsf/L lzIff ;DjGwL tflnd ;+rfng
ug]{ .
;xsf/L tflnd / cg';Gwfgdf bIftf Nofpg s]Gb|sf k|lzIfsx?,
lhNnfsf clws[tx?nfO{ tflnd k|bfg ug]{ .
55
cf=j=@)&).&! df ;+rflnt k|lzIf0f sfo{qmdx?M
1=
2=
3=
4=
5=
6=
clws[t:t/ k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tfnLd -15 lbg]_ M ;xsf/L If]qdf
sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx?df ;xsf/L n]vf ;DjlGwt Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{
p2]Zo /fvL ;xfos:t/df Pp6f tflnd ;+rfng ul/of] . of] tflnd
!% sfo{ lbgsf] /x]sf] lyof] . o; tflnddf clws[t:t/sf @% hgf
;xefuLnfO{ k|lzIf0f ;+rfng ul/of] .
;xfos:t/ k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tfnLd -!% lbg]_ M ;xsf/L If]qdf
sfo{/t ;xfos:t/sf sd{rf/Lx?df k|lzIf0f Ifdtf j[l4 ug]{] p2]Zo
/fvL ;xfos:t/df Pp6f tflnd lbg] sfo{qmd /x]sf] lyof] . pk/f]Qm
k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tflnd !% sfo{ lbgsf] x'g] u/L ;~rfng ePsf]
lyof] . of] tflnddf ;xfos:t/sf @% hgf ;xefuLnfO{ k|lzIf0f
lbOPsf] lyof] .
pBdzLntf tyf ;xsf/L Joj;fo k|jå{g tflnd M ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf]
Joj;flos bIftf j[lå eO{ pTkfbgdf ;d]t j[lå eO/x]sf] 5 . t/
;xsf/L ;+:yfdf jhf/ 1fgsf] cefjdf pgLx? cfkm\gf pTkfbgsf]
ljqmL ljt/0f / jhf/Ls/0fdf k5fl8 k/]sf 5g\ . ctM ;xsf/L
;+:yfsf ;+rfns / Joj:yfksdf ;xsf/L Joj;fo tyf jhf/
;DjGwL 1fgsf] clej[lå ug{ of] tflnd ;~rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . of]
tflnd, Joj;flostfdf cfPsf ;xsf/L ;+rfnsx?nfO{ s]Gb|Lt u/L
pRr:t/sf] ;Lk / 1fg k|bfg u/Lg] u/L ;~rfng ul/Psf] lyof] .
of] tflnd !) sfo{ lbgsf] x'g] u/L @ j6f tflnddf %) hgf
;xeflux?nfO{ k|lzIf0f k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] .
Joj:yfkg ;Lk ljsf; tflnd M ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf ;+rfns tyf
Joj:yfksx?df ;xsf/L ;+:yf ;+rfng ubf{ cfO{kg]{ sfof{no
Joj:yfkg, sd{rf/L Joj:yfkg, clen]v Joj:yfkg, n]vf
Joj:yfkg cflbsf] Kofs]h jgfO{ k|lzIf0f lbOg]5 . o;df !% sfo{
lbgsf] x'g] u/L 2 j6f tflnddf %) hgf ;xeflux?nfO{ k|lzIf0f
k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] .
/0fg}lts of]hgf th'd
{ f ;DjGwL tflndM ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf ;+rfns
tyf Joj:yfksx?nfO{ ;DjlGwt ;xsf/Lx?sf] ;+:yfut ljsf;sf]
nflu ;f]r, /0fgLlt, nIf, p2]Zo nufotsf] of]hgf k|s[of ;DjGwL
ljifosf] k|lzIf0f lbg] nIo ;lxt !) sfo{ lbgsf] /0fg}lts of]hgf
th'd
{ f ;DjGwL # j6f tflnddf &% hgf ;xeflux?nfO{ k|lzIf0f
k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] .
;xsf/Ldf Joj;flos g]t[Tj ljsf; tflnd M lhNnf ;+3x?df
56
sfo{/t ;+rfns kbflwsf/Lx? / Joj:yfksx?nfO{ ;DjlGwt ljifosf]
Joj;flos g]t[Tj ;Lk k|bfg ug]{ p2]Zon] of] tflnd sfo{qmd
;+rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . of] tflnd !) sfo{ lbgsf] x'g] u/L @ j6f
tflnddf %) hgf ;xeflux?nfO{ k|lzIf0f k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] .
7= k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tflnd M ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof lbg k|ltlbg j[lå
x'+b} uO/x]sf] 5 . ;/sf/åf/f ;+rflnt tflndn] ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf]
;fx|} ;fgf] lx:;f dfq cf]u6\g ;s]sf] cj:yf 5 . sltko ;xsf/L
;+3 ;+:yfx?n] cfkm\g} ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] pkof]u u/L tflnd sfo{qmd
;~rfng ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ . t/ pgLx?;+u /fd|f k|lzIfsx?sf] cefj
5 . To;}n] ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfsf ;+rfns÷ Joj:yfksx?nfO{
k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tflnd k|bfg u/L pgLx?dfkm{t ;xsf/L tflnd
k|bfg ubf{ k|efjsf/L x'g] dg;fon] !% sfo{ lbg sfod u/L !) j6f
k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tflnd ;+rfng u/L @%) hgf ;xeflunfO{
k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tflnd lbOPsf] lyof] . /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3 Pj+
s]lGb|o ;+3sf] cfjZostf cg';f/ ;dGjo u/L k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f
tflnd ;+rfng ul/Psf] lyof] .
8= ;+:yfut Ifdtf ljsf; tflnd M ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfsf] ;+VofTds
j[lå x'+b} uO/x]sf] ePtf klg o;sf] u'0ffTds ljsf; k5fl8 k/]sf]
5 . ;/sf/åf/f ;+rflnt tflndn] ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;fx|} ;fgf] lx:;f
dfq cf]u6\g ;s]sf] 5 . To;}n] ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfsf
;+rfns÷Joj:yfksx?nfO{ Ifdtf ljsf; tflnd k|bfg u/L
pgLx?dfkm{t ;xsf/L tflnd k|bfg ubf{ k|efjsf/L x'g] dg;fon] &
j6f ;+:yfut Ifdtf ljsf; tflnd cfof]hgf u/L !&% hgf
;xeflunfO{ ;+:yfut Ifdtf ljsf; tflnd lbg] sfd ;DkGg ePsf]
lyof] .
9= ;xsf/L Aoj:yfkg / n]vfkfng tfnLdM M ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfsf
;+rfns÷ Joj:yfksx?nfO{ k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tflnd k|bfg u/L
pgLx? dfkm{t ;xsf/L If]qdf tflnd k|bfg ug{ ;s'g eGg] p2]Zosf
;fy # j6f n]vf tyf Aoj:yfkg ljifos #) lbg] tfnLd ;+rfng
ul/Psf] / o;jf6 &% hgf ;xeflux?n] k|lzIf0f k|lZfIf0f ;'ljwf
k|fKt u/]sf lyP .
10= ;xsf/L n]vfkfng tfnLdM
;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yfsf kbflwsf/L tyf sd{rf/Lx?sf] n]vf
Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{] p2]Zosf ;fy tLg j6f
;xsf/L n]vfkfng tfnLd ;~rfng u/L &% hgf k|lzIffyL{x?nfO{
!) lbg] k|lzIf0f k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] .
57
11=
;xsf/L If]qsf] cWoog, cg';Gwfg, k|j4{g / ljsf;M
• ljleGg ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] tfnLd cfjZostf klxrfg cWoog u/L
k|ltj]bg tof/Lsf] sfo{qmd /flvPsf] lyof] . o;sf nflu ?= #))
xhf/sf] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf]
cg';Gwfg u/L k|ltj]bg tof/ ug]{ sfd ePsf] lyof] .
• tflnd ;fdfu|L tof/L tyf k|sfzg M o; ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|n]
tflndsf] cltl/Qm ljleGg cWoog ;DjGwL k|lzIf0f ;fdfu|L,
kf7\ok':tsx? tof/ ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 / eljiodf klg ub}{ hfg]5
. o;/L tof/ u/]sf k':ts, cWoogdfnfx? 5kfO{ u/L If]qLo
k|lzIf0f s]Gb| tyf lhNnf ;xsf/L sfof{nox? dfkm{t
;xsf/LsdL{x?nfO{ ljt/0f ug]{ sfd ePsf] lyof] . ;xsfl/tf
;DjGwL k|lzIf0f ;fdfu|L k|sfzg ug{sf nflu s'n ?= @^$
xhf/sf] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ePsf] lyof] .
• tfnLd Dofg'cn k|sfzgM s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|, ;xsf/L
k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no / l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{noaf6
;+rfng ul/g] ljleGg tfnLd Kofs]hx?sf] nflu cfjZostf
cg';f/ tfnLd Dofg'cn k|sfzg ul/Psf] lyof] .
• d'vkq -;xsf/L k'~h_ k|sfzgM s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|sf]
d'vkqsf] ?kdf jflif{s b'O{ c+s ;xsf/L k'~h ^÷^ dlxgfdf
k|sflzt u/L ljt/0f ul/Psf] lyof] .
!!= cg'udg÷d'Nof+sg÷k|ltj]bg sfo{qmd M ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd
s]Gb|df dfq ;Lldt g/fvL If]q / lhNnf:t/af6 ;d]t ;+rfng ug]{ gLlt
cg'?k ;=k|=l8=sf= % / l8=;=sf= ## ;d]t hDdf #* sfof{nox?af6
k|lzIf0fsf] sfd x'b} cfPsf] 5 . o;/L lhNnf:t/df tflnd sfo{qmd
;+rfng u/]/ dfq gk'uL ;f] tflnd sfo{qmdsf] k|efjsf/L cg'udg ug]{
Joj:yf x'g ;s]df dfq pQm tflndsf] k|efjsfl/tf x'g ;Sg]5 . o;
jfx]s To:tf sfof{nox?df ;od ;oddf e|d0f u/L k|ltj]bg ;d]t k|fKt
ug{'kg]{ x'G5 . o;} tYonfO{ dWogh/ /fvL lhNnf:t/sf tflndsf]
cg'udg ug]{ p2]Zo /fvL ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no /
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfo{nox?df tfnLd cg'udg ug]{ nIo /flvPsf] 5 .
!@= k':tsfno ;'b9Ls/0f sfo{qmd M ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|df /x]sf
;Gbe{ k':ts tyf tfnLd ;fdu|Lx?sf nflu ?= ! nfv %) xhf/
ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] lyof] . gof+ / kl/jt{g ;fk]If :jb]zL / ljb]zL
58
kf7\ok':tsx? cfjZos kg]{ / k':tsfnonfO{ ;do;fk]If cTofw'lgs
jgfp+b} k':tsfnonfO{ ;d]t ;'b[4 ug]{ p2]Zo /fvL of] sfo{qmd /flvPsf]
lyof] .
!#= lgld{t ;fj{hlgs ;+klQ ;+ef/ vr{ -s]Gb|:t/_ M o; s]lGb|o ;xsf/L
k|lzIf0f s]Gb|sf] ef}lts ;+/rgf k'/fgf] eO{ lgoldt dd{tsf] 68\sf/f]
cfjZostf dx;'; ePsf]n] ejgsf 5fgf, vfg]kfgL, 9n, tyf
zf}rfnox?sf] dd{tsf nflu ?= #)) xhf/sf] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/Psf]
lyof] .
If]qLo:t/ -;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no – %_ j6f ;+rflnt
tfnLd sfo{s|dx?
-!_ cfwf/e't ;xsf/L Joj:yfkg tflnd -;xfos:t/_
jrt tyf C0f ;xsf/L, jx'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L, s[lif If]qdf cfwfl/t
;xsf/L cflb h:tf ljljw ljifodf cfwfl/t ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf
;b:ox?nfO{ o; k|sf/sf] k|lzIf0f lbOPsf] lyof] . o:tf] k|lzIf0f
If]qLo tfnLd s]Gb| dfkm{t ;+rfng ul/Psf]] lyof] . oL tflnd
;+rfng ubf{ /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3;+u cfj4 lhNnf ;+3x?df
cfjZos ;dGjo u/L ;+rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . If]qLo:t/df lbOg]
^ lbg] of] tflnd hDdf @& j6f ;+rfng ul/Psf] / o;jf6 ^&%
hgf ;xefuL nfeflGjt EPsf lyP .
-@_ cfwf/e't ;xsf/L n]vfkfng tflnd -;xfos:t/_
;xsf/L ;+:yfsf Joj:yfks / n]vf ;ldltsf ;b:ox?nfO{ of]
tflnddf ;xefuL u/fOPsf] lyof] . tflnd ;+rfng ubf{ /fli6«o
;xs/L ;+3;+u cfj4 lhNnf ;+3x?df cfjZos ;dGjo u/L
;+rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . ljleGg If]qdf u/L #$ j6f tfnLd
;+rfng u/L hDdf *%) hgf ;xsf/Lsf Joj:yfks / n]vf
;ldltsf ;b:ox?nfO{ tfnLd pknJw u/fOPsf] lyof] .
-#_ ljifout ;xsf/L Joj;fo clea[l4 tflnd -;xfos:t/_
ljleGg ljifout k|s[ltsf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? btf{ ug]{ qmd j9\bf]
/xsf] 5 . t/ ;+:yf btf{ eP cg';f/ ;xsf/L Joj;fosf] ljsf;
eg] x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . o; cj:yfdf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sdf] ljifout
k|s[lt cg';f/ ;xsf/L Joj;fo clea[l4 ug{ ljifout ;xsf/L
Joj;fo clea[l4 tflnd sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . o;
59
zLif{sdf % j6f tflnd ;+rfng u/L hDdf !@% hgf
;xsf/LsdL{x? nfeflGjt ePsf lyP .
-$_ ;xeflutfTds ;xsf/L n]vfkfng tflnd
;xsf/L ;+:yfx? lbgfg'lbg a[l4 eP cg'?k ;b:o ;+Vofdf klg
a[l4 e}/x]sf] / tflnd sfo{qmd k|ofKt gePsf] ;Gbe{df tflnd
sfo{qmdnfO{ nfut ;xeflutfd'vL agfpg / ;fem]bf/L sfo{qmdsf]
?kdf ;+rfng ubf{ ckgTjsf] cg'e'lt e} sfo{qmd k|efjsf/L x'g],
;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] lzIff sf]ifsf] ;b'kof]u x'g] / g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
Jooef/ ;d]t sd ub}{ nuL eljiodf pgLx?nfO{ g} ;zlQms/0f
ug]{ p2]Zon] of] sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . o:tf]
sfo{qmddf ;+:yfaf6 sfo{of]hgf ;lxt tflnd dfu e} cfPdf
g]kfn ;/sf/n] / ;+:yfsf] ;d]t of]ubfg /xg] u/L sfo{qmd
;+rfng ug{ dgfl;j x'g] x'Fbf cf=a= @)&)÷&! sf] nflu
;xeflutfTds ;xsf/L n]vfkfng tflnd sfo{qmd tkm{ @^ j6f
tfnLdaf6 %%) hgf ;xsf/LsdL{x? nfeflGjt ePsf lyP .
-%_ clen]v Joj:yfkg tflnd
;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;'rgf k|0ffnLnfO{ k|efjsf/L jgfpg ;+:yfdf
sfo{/t ;+rfns / Joj:yfksx?nfO{ Jojl:yt clen]v /fVg]
;DjGwL ! lbg] sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . % j6f clen]v
Aoj:yfkg tflnd ;+rfng u/L 125 hgfnfO{ tfnLd k|bfg ul/Psf]
lyof] .
-^_ ;xsf/L ;r]tgf tflnd
;xsf/L lzIffnfO{ cfd gful/sx? jLr k|rf/ k|;f/ u/L ;xsf/L
cleofgnfO{ k|efjsf/L jgfpg ;+3 ;+:yfdf sfo{/t
kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{ Jojl:yt 1fg lbgsf nflu ;xsf/L ;r]tgf
sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . !( j6f tflnd af6 $%)
hgfnfO{ tfnLd k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] .
-&_ 5fqfjf; ejg lgdf{0f sfo{ M
kfFr ljsf; If]qdf /x]sf ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|x?nfO{ :t/f]pGglt
ub}{ hfg] p2]Zon] cfufdL cf=j= df ;DkGg x'g] lx;fjn] tfnLd
xn ;lxtsf] 5fqfjf; ejg lgdf{0fsf] sfd z'? ePsf]df ;xsf/L
k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no, sf:sL, s}nfnL / lrtjgsf]
5fqfjf; ejg ;DkGg ePsf] cj:yf 5 eg] cGo b'O{ If]q afFs] /
;'g;/Ldf 5fqfjf; lgdf{0fsf] sfd rfn' cj:yfdf /x]sf] 5 .
60
kl/R5]b–%
ljleGg sfo{qmdx?sf] efl/t tyf ljQLo k|ult
%=! k[i7e'ld
;xsf/L ljefun] ;xsf/L P]g, lgod cg';f/ lbPsf] lhDd]jf/L k'/f ub}{
cfO{/x]sf] 5 . ;xsf/Lsf cGt//fli6«o l;4fGt o;sf] kl/kfngf u/L d'No
/ dfGotfdf -Value based_ cfwfl/t ;xs/Ltfsf] k|j4{gsf nflu
k|j4{gfTds sfo{ klg ;+u ;+u} nfu' ug'{ kb{5 eGg] dfGotf cg'?k ;xsf/L
If]qdf cf=a= @)%^.%& b]lv ;xsf/L ;'bl[ 9s/0f cfof]hgf cGtu{t ljsf;
ah]6sf] ?kdf ;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yfsf] k|j4{gsf nflu ah]6sf] ljlgof]hg
u/L tbg'?k ljleGg tflnd, lzIff / ;xsf/Ltfsf] ;+:yfut ljsf;sf
nflu lgdf{0f, cWoog cg';Gwfg, lg/LIf0f, cg'udg nufottsf sfo{x?
;DkGg ul+/b} cfPsf] kfOG5 . g]kfndf ;j{k|yd @)!( ;fndf s]Gb|Lo
;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf eO{ ;xsf/L lzIff, ;'rgf / ;+rf/sf
sfdx? x'b} cfPsf]df cf=j= @)^)÷)^! df ;xsf/L ljefusf] ;+/rgf
kl/jt{g kl5 kf+r ljsf; If]qdf kg]{ u/L kf+r j6f ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf
l8lehg sfof{nox? :yfkgf eO{ tfnLd tyf k|lzIf0fsf sfdx? x'b}
cfPsf 5g . olx k/k|I] odf cf=j= @)&)÷&! df ;xsf/L If]qdf lgDg
lnlvt sfo{qmdx? ;+rflnt ePsf lyP .
%=@ sfo{s|dut efl/t k|ult ;f/f+z
sfo{qmdsf] gfd
ah]6 lzif{s
;xsf/L If]q ;'b9[ Ls/0f
cfof]hgf
;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|
;xsf/L ljefu
;xsf/L l8lehg sfof{no
#!@!#$–#÷$
#!@!##–#÷$
#!@)!&–#÷$
#!@)!*–#÷$
efl/t k|ult
k|ltzt
ljQLo k|ult
k|ltzt
90=87
93=54
99=49
99=28
–
99=15
–
94=00
dfly pNn]lvt ljleGg sfo{sd
| ÷cfof]hgfx? s|dzM ;xsf/L If]q
;'99[ Ls/0f cfof]hgf / ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb| tkm{sf] aflif{s efl/t k|ult
s|dzM ()=*& k|ltzt, ((=$( / ljQLo k|ult qmdzM (#=%$ / ((=@*
k|ltzt /x]sf] lyof] .
61
%=# ljlgof]lht jh]6 tyf vr{ / ljlQo k|ult
sfo{qmdsf] gfd
;xsf/L If]q
;'b9[ Ls/0f cfof]hgf
-#!@!#$–#÷$_
;xsf/L k|lzIf0f
s]Gb -#!@!##–#÷$_
l8lehg ;xsf/L
sfof{no
-#!@)!*–#÷$_
;xsf/L ljefu
-#!@)!&–#÷$_
jh]6
ljlgof]hg ?
xhf/df
ah]6
lgsf;f
?=xhf/df
vr{ /sd
? xhf/df
ljtLo
k|ult
k|ltzt
110540
103402
103402
93=54
48958
48604
48604
99=28
152991
143812
143812
94=00
12570
12464
12464
99=15
dfly pNn]lvt ljleGg sfo{sd
| ÷cfof]hgfx? s|dzM ;xsf/L If]q ;'99[ Ls/0f
cfof]hgf, ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|, l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no / ;xsf/L
ljefu tkm{sf] aflif{s ljtLo k|ult s|dzM (#=%$ k|ltzt, ((=@* k|ltzt,
($=)) k|ltzt / ((=!% k|ltzt eO{ sfo{ ;Dkfbg :t/ pQd /x]sf] lyof]
.
62
63
%=$ ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[9Ls/0f cfof]hgf aflif{s k|ult k|ltj]bg -pknlAw ljj/0f_
!=cfof]hgfsf] gfd M ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[9Ls/0f
@=hUuf k|flKt -x]_M–
%=7]Ssf k§f l:yltM–
#=hgzlQm cfk'lk{M–
-s_ o; cjlwdf 7]Ssf nufpg] nIo /x]sf] sfo{sf] nfut -?_
$=sN;N6]06sf] lgo'lQm M–
-v_ slt nfutsf] sfo{ 7]Ssfdf lbOof]-?_M
-s_ ljb]zL M–
^=bft{ ;+:yfdf n]vfk/LIf0f l/kf]6{ k7fPsf] -;+Vof_M
-v_ :jb]zLM–
&= zf]wegf{ l:yltM
-s_ dfu ug'{kg]{
/sd -?_M
*= cfof[']hgsf] pknJwL k|ltkmn ljj/0f
-v_ dfu u/]sf] /sd -?_M
-u_ k|fKt x'g] af+sL
/sd-?_M
qm=
;+=
Smfo{s|d / ls|ofsnfk
OsfO{
k|yd rf}dfl;s
nIo
kl/df0f
1
k'hLut vr{ cGtu{tsf sfo{qmdx?
2
sfof{no kl/;/ ;'wf/
k6s
3
kmlg{r/ tyf lkmSr{; vl/b
k6s
k|ult
kl/df0f
lålto rf}dfl;s
t[tLo rf}dfl;s
nIo
kl/df0f
k|ult
kl/df0f
nIo
kl/df0f
k|ult
kl/df0f
nIo
kl/df0f
s}lkmot
aflif{s
k|ult
kl/df0f
0
0
1
1
1
1
2
2
0
0
1
1
1
1
2
2
64
4
rfn' vr{ cGtu{tsf sfo{qmdx?
;/sf/ – ;xsf/L ;fem]bf/Ldf ;fgf s[lif
hGo ;xsf/L k|zf]wg pBf]u - lrof,
slkm, cb'jf, cn}r
+ L, nK;L, kmnkm'n, dx,
pv', hl8j'6L, b'Uw, ;'kf/L, j];f/ tyf
cGo d;nf jfnL_ :yfkgf ug{ k'lhut
5 cg'bfg
9
;/sf/ – ;xsf/L ;fem]bf/Ldf dlxnf
4f/f ;+rflnt ;–;fgf ;xsf/L pBf]ux?
-;;, crf/, e'lhof, lrK;, kfk8,
rfprfp, ;;, hfd h]nL, lrp/f, d;nf
cflb_ pBd :yfkgf ug{ aLp k'lh
cg'bfg
blntx?sf] k/Dk/fut k]zfnfO{
Aoj;flos ;xsf/Ldf ;+ul7t u/L
cfw'lgs Aoj;fodf ?kfGt/0f ug{
cg'bfg,
;/sf/÷;xsf/L÷gLlh If]q ;fem]bf/Ldf
sl[if kmd{ :yfkgf,
/fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3sf] s]Gb|Lo ejg
lgdf0f{
10
;/sf/ ;xsf/L ;fem]bf/Ldf lzte08f/
6
7
8
0
0
5
5
5
2
10
6
0
0
5
5
5
1
10
6
0
0
0
0
5
3
5
3
0
0
15
15
15
13
30
28
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
1
1
1
0
1
1
2
2
k6s
k6s
k6s
k6s
;+Vof
k6s
65
0
1
lgdf0f{ sfo{
;'rgf ;~hfn Joj:yfkgsf] nflu
;~rfng ;]jf s/f/
;xsf/L ;DjGwL >Jo÷b[io ;fdfu|L
12 pTkfbg
11
;xsf/L ;DjGwL >Jo÷b[io ;fdfu|L
13 k|zf/0f - Pkm=Pd= k|zf/0f ;d]t_
kqklqsf dfk{mt ;xsf/L ;DjGwL ;'rgf
14 k|sfzg
k6s
3
3
3
0
0
3
3
0
0
1
1
1
1
2
2
7
7
7
7
7
7
21
21
12
12
12
12
12
12
36
36
3
3
3
3
4
2
10
8
0
0
2
1
2
3
4
4
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
;+Vof
;+Vof
aflif{s k|ult k|lta]bg, ;xsf/L tYofªs,
;Gb]z, d'vkq, j'n]l6g tyf k|j{4g /
hfu/0f ;fdfu|L n]]vg, ;Dkfbg tyf
15 k|sfzg
jflif{s sfo{qmd th{'df, rf}dfl;s k|ult
;dLIff tyf ;xsf/L ;'rgf Joj:yfkg
16 ljlw ljifos If]qLo uf]i7L÷cGt/lqmof
;+Vof
17
;+Vof
jflif{s k|ult ;ldIff uf]i7L
/fli6|o tyf cGt//fli6|o cWoog, tflnd
18 / e|d0f
3
;+Vof
;+Vof
66
;xsf/L k|j4{g cGt/ls|of uf]i7L ;fe]mbf/L sfo{s|d_
If]]q :t/Lo gd'gf ;xsf/L k|j4{g
sfo{s|d–wgs'6f, bf]nvf, kfNkf, /f]Nkf /
20 s~rgk'/_
19
21
;xsf/L lbj; sfo{qmd
;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yf lgodg ;DjGwL
22 sfo{ljlw sfg'g lgdf{0f
;xsf/L cg'bfg k|:tfj d'Nof+sgsf] nflu
23 k|ljlws ;ldltsf] a}7s
;xsf/L ;'rgf k|ljlw ljsf;, lj:tf/,
24 gljs/0f / ljB'tLo xflh/L vl/b
;xsf/L sfof{no lg/LIf0f, cg'bfg k|fKt
kl/of]hgfx?sf] cg'udg / art C0f
tyf ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf]
25 ;3g cg'udg
? % s/f]8 eGbf al9sf] sf/f]af/ ug]{
kfrF ;oj6f ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] :ynut
26 cWoog cg'udg ug]{ .
;+Vof
1
2
1
0
1
1
3
3
1
1
2
2
2
2
5
5
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
5
3
0
0
9
9
9
8
18
17
1
1
2
1
1
1
4
3
50
25
50
15
50
35
150
75
100
66
200
150
200
164
500
418
;+Vof
;+Vof
;+Vof
;+Vof
;+Vof
;+Vof
;+Vof
67
/fli6«o tyf s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3x?sf]
Ifdtf ljsf; tyf ;:yfut ;'b[9Ls/0f
27 cg'bfg sfo{qmd
hDdf
6
1
6
1
6
12
18
14
83.50
57.50
121.50
82.50
122
95
324
231
;+Vof
68
%=%_
;xsf/L If]q ;'bl[ (s/)f cfof]hgf -j=lx=g+ 312134-3÷4_ sf] Psd'i& efl/tk|ult ljj/)f
/sd ? xhf/df
l;=g+
1
sfo{qmd÷cfof]hgf
2
;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0ff cfof]hgf -s]Gb|,
ljefu_
2 ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf -;'g;/L_
3 ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf -lrtjg_
1
jflif{s rf}dfl;s
jflif{s
sfo{qmd
ah]6
jflif{s
ef/
Reported
3
4
5
Ps d'i7
k|ult
k|ltzt
efl/t
k|ult
hDdf
efl/t
6
7
53873
48.736
90.000
43.863
618
0.559
100.000
0.559
698
0.631
100.000
0.631
69
s}lkmot
k|ult sd
x'gfsf sf/0fx?
8
4
;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f
5 ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f
6 ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f
;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f
7 -Onfd,tfKn]h'«Ë,kf+ry/_
8
9
10
11
12
13
cfof]hgf -sf:sL_
cfof]hgf -afFs]_
cfof]hgf -s}nfnL_
cfof]hgf
;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf -emfkf_
;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf -df]/Ë_
;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf
-wgs'6f,t]xy'd,;+v'jf;ef,ef]hk'/_
;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf
-l;/fxf, ;Kt/L_
;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf
-pbok'/,cf]vn9'Ëf,vf]6f]Ë,;f]nv'Dj'_
;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf
-bf]nvf,/fd]5fk_
748
0.677
99.840
0.676
618
0.559
89.000
0.498
2400
2.171
100.000
2.171
1243
1.124
99.150
1.115
1138
1.029
100.000
1.029
2087
1.888
98.000
1.850
1303
1.179
96.000
1.132
998
0.903
100.000
0.903
1488
1.346
98.770
1.330
1573
1.423
100.000
1.423
70
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf -wg'iff,
dxf]Q/L,l;Gw'nL_
;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf
;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf
;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf
;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf
;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf
;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf
sfe]kGrf}s,l;Gw'kfNrf]s_
;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf
/;'jf_
;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf
;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf
-;nf{xL, _
-/f}tx6_
-sf7df08f}_
-nlntk'/_
- eQmk'/_
-
5278
4.775
85.670
4.091
4538
4.105
26.630
1.093
1038
0.939
99.000
0.930
1378
1.247
100.000
1.247
1198
1.084
100.000
1.084
1063
0.962
97.370
0.936
1248
1.129
98.880
1.116
1353
1.224
99.900
1.223
1073
0.971
100.000
0.971
1038
0.939
100.000
0.939
-g'jfsf]6,
-wflbË_
-af/f_
71
ejg lgdf{{0fsf] sfd ug{ cfjZos
k|lqmof cy{dGqfnosf] ;xdlt, n=O{=
tof/L tyf :jLs[lt, df6f] kl/If0f /
af]nkq cfXjfgsf] sfd k'/f ug{ ;do
nfu]sf]n] nIo cg';f/ k|ult gePsf] .
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf
;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf
;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf
ndhª dgfª_
;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf
d':tfª, DofUbL_
;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf
;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf
;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf
;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf
;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf
cxfvfrL_
;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf
;Nofg,?'sd
' ,/f]Nkf,Ko'7fg_
;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf
-k;f{_
-dsjfgk'/_
-tgx'F,uf]/vf,
1038
0.939
100.000
0.939
1103
0.998
100.000
0.998
1268
1.147
99.900
1.146
1268
1.147
100.000
1.147
988
0.894
100.000
0.894
1073
0.971
100.000
0.971
1073
0.971
100.000
0.971
1898
1.717
99.800
1.714
1198
1.084
77.640
0.841
1508
1.364
100.000
1.364
968
0.876
100.000
0.876
-afUn'ª, kj{t,
-:ofª\hf_
-gjnk/f;L_
-?kGb]xL_
-kfNkf, u'NdL_
-slkna:t',
-bfª,
-jlb{of_
72
35
36
37
38
39
40
;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf
hfFh/sf]6, b}n]v,_
;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf
jfh'/f, c5fd, 8f]6L_
;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf
h'Dnf,x'Dnf,d'u',8f]Nkf,sflnsf]6_
;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf
88]nw'/f_
;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf
bfr'{nf_
s]=;=k|= s]=
hDdf
-;'v]{t,
1108
1.002
100.000
1.002
1253
1.134
95.450
1.082
1273
1.152
100.000
1.152
1450
1.312
97.870
1.284
1233
1.115
99.070
1.105
2850
2.578
100.000
2.578
110540
100
-aemfË,
-sGrgk'/,
-j}t8L,
73
90.871
%=^_ ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[9Ls/0f cfof]hgf -a=lx=g+= #%@!#$–#÷$_ tkm{sf] jflif{s ljlQo k|ult ljj/0f M–
sfof{no
qm=
;+=
aflif{s jh]^
?= xhf/df
jflif{s vr{
?= xhf/df
ljlQo k|ult
k|ltzt
53873
51830
96.21
618
618
100.00
698
688
98.57
;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no, sf:sL
748
747
99.866
5
;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no, jfFs]
618
499
80.788
6
;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no, s}nfnL
2400
2400
100
7
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, Onfd
1243
1243
100
1
;xsf/L ljefu
2
3
;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no, ;'g;/L
;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no,
lrtjg
4
74
s}lkmot
8
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, emfkf
1138
1136
99.824
9
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, df]/Ë
2087
2028
97.173
10
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, wgs'6f
1303
1253
96.2
11
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, l;/xf, nxfg
998
979
98.096
12
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, pbok'/
1488
1488
99.993
13
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, bf]nvf
1573
1573
100
14
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, wg'iff
5278
4521
85.657
15
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, ;nf{xL
4538
1248
27.501
16
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, /f}6x6
1038
1028
99.037
17
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, sf7df8f}
1378
1373
99.637
75
18
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, nlntk'/
1198
1198
100.00
19
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, eQmk'/
1063
866
81.468
20
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, sfe|]
1248
1242
99.519
21
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, g'jfsf]6
1353
1352
99.945
22
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, wflbË
1073
1073
100
23
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, af/f
1038
1038
100
24
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, k;f{
1038
1038
100
25
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, dsjfgk'/
1103
1103
100
26
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, tgx'F
1268
1267
99.92
27
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, afUn'Ë
1268
1268
100.00
76
28
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, :ofª\hf
988
977
98.887
29
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, gjnk/f;L
1073
1073
100
30
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, ?kGb]lx
1073
1073
100.0
31
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, kfNkf
1898
1894
99.795
32
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, slknj:t'
1198
918
76.628
33
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, bfË
1508
1508
100
34
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, jlb{of
968
968
100
35
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, ;'v]{t
1108
1108
100.0
36
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, 8f]6L
1253
1196
95.451
37
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, h'Dnf
1273
1251
98.272
77
38
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, sGrgk'/
39
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, j}t8L
40
s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|
hDdf
ljlQo k|ult k|ltzt
1450
1408
97.103
1233
1222
99.11
2850
2708
95.03
110540
103402
93.543
93=543
78
79
%=& ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb| M
%=&=!= s]lGb|o ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|åf/f ;Dkflbt sfo{x?
1=
ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf] kl/k|]Iodf ;xsf/L sfo{qmd th'{df sfof{Gjog, cg'udg
tyf d'Nof+sg .
2=
/fhkqf+lst tyf /fhkqcg+lst sd{rf/Lx?sf] nfuL k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f
tfnLd tyf ;+3;+:yf cg'udg tfnLd, Joj;flos g]t[Tj ljsf; tfnLd,
/0fgLlts of]hgf th{d
' f tfnLd, n]vfkfng tyf Joj:yfkg tfnLd,
Joj:yfkg zLk ljsf; tfnLd, ;xsf/L sdL{x?sf] nfuL k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f
tfnLd, pBdzLntf tyf ;xsf/L Joj;fo k|j4{g tfnLd / ;+:yfut
Ifdtf ljsf; tfnLd ;+rfng .
3=
;xsf/L l;4fGt / ;xsf/L ;kmntfsf] cGt/;DaGw ;DaGwL cWoog .
4=
tflnd ;fdfu|L tof/L tyf k|sfzg .
5=
tflnd c'udg sfo{qmd .
6=
k':tsfno ;'b9[ Ls/0f .
7=
k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tflnd .
8=
;xsf/Ldf tfnLd cfjZostf klxrfg ;DaGwL cWoog sfo{ .
9=
;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|sf] kl/;/ ;'wf/ tyf 9n lgdf{0f ;'wf/ sfo{ .
10=
k|lzIf0f sIfsf] lgdf{0f tyf lj:tf/ .
11=
d]lzg/L tyf ;jf/L ;fwg vl/b .
12=
lgld{t ;fj{hlgs ;DklQsf] ;'wf/ .
13=
art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+rfng Joj:yfksnfO{ lbOg]
tflndsf kf7\oof]hgf ;lxtsf] Dofg'cn tof/L .
80
%=&=@ s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|af6 ;Dkflbt tfnLd sfo{qmdsf]
nIo÷k|ult ;f/f+z M
qm=;+
=
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
tfnLd sfo{qmd
k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tflnd -clws[t
:t/ sd{rf/Lx?_ !% lbg]
k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tflnd -;xfos
:t/ sd{rf/Lx?_ !% lbg]
pBdzLntf tyf ;xsf/L Joj;fo
k|j{4g tflnd - !) lbg]_
Joj:yfkg lzk ljsf; tflnd
-!% lbg]_
/0fgLlts of]hgf th'{df ;DjGwL
tflnd -!) lbg]_
Joj;flos g]t[Tj ljsf; tflnd
-!) lbg]_
k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tflnd -!% lbg]_
;xsf/L Aoj:yfkg / n]vfkfng
tflnd -#) lbg]_
;+:yfut Ifdtf ljsf; tfnLd
-lhNnfdf_ & lbg]
;xsf/L n]vfkfng tfnLd -!) lbg]_
;xsf/L ;+3;+:yf cg'udg tfnLd
-!) lbg]_
hDdf
nIo
! -@%_
@-%)_
@-%)_
k|ult
!-@%_
@-%)_
@-%)_
@-%)_
@-%)_
#-&%_
#-&%_
@-%)_
@-%)_
!)-@%)_
!)-@%)_
#-&%_
#-&%_
&-!@%_
&-!&%_
#-&%_
#-&%_
! -@%_
#^ -())_
!-@%_
#^-())_
%=&=# ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{noaf6
;Dkflbt sfo{x?sf] ef}lts nIo÷k|ult M
qm=;= tfnLd sfo{qmd
1
cfwf/e't ;xsf/L Joj:yfkg tflnd
2
cfwf/e't ;xsf/L n]vfkfng tflnd
3
ljifout ;xsf/L clea[l4 tflnd
4
;xeflutfTds cfwf/e't ;xsf/L
n]vfkfng tflnd
5
clen]v Joj:yfkg tflnd
6
;xsf/L ;r]tgf
hDdf
81
nIo
@&-^&%_
#$-*%)_
%-!@%_
@^-^%)_
k|ult
@&-^&%_
#$-*%)_
%-!@%_
@^-^%)_
%-!@%_
%-!@%_
@)-%))_
!(-$&%_
!!&-@(@%_ !!^-@())_
%=&=$ ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|sf] pknlAw÷k|ltkmn ljj/0f M
k|yd rf}dfl;s
qm=;+
c fof]hgfsf] nIo c g';f/ c k]lIft k|ltkmn
OsfO{
nIo
k|ult
bf];|f ]
rf}dfl;s
t];|f ]
rf}dfl;s
o; c f=a= sf]
s'n
nIo
k|ult
nIo
k|ult
nIo
k|ult
1
k|lzIfs k|lzIf)f tfnLd -c lws[t:t/ k|lzIfs lgdf{)f_
;+Vof
1
1
1
1
2
k|lzIfs k|lzIf)f tfnLd -;xfos:t/ k|lzIfs lgdf{)f_
pBdzLntf tyf ;xsf/L Joj;fo k|j${g tflndaf^
;+# ;+:yfsf ;+rfnsx?df ;xsf/L Joj;fo tyf jhf/
;DjGwL !fg xfl;n x'g] .
k|lzIfs k|lzIf)f tfnLdjf^ ;xsf/L IF]qdf sfo{/t
;+rfns, sd{rf/Lx?df tflnd ;+rfng ;Lk c lej[l$ x'g]
;+Vof
0
0
1
1
1
1
2
2
;+Vof
0
0
0
0
2
2
2
2
;+Vof
3
2
3
4
4
4
10
10
;+Vof
1
1
0
0
1
1
2
2
;+Vof
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
4
7
Aoj:yfkg zLk ljsf; tfnLd -;xsf/L ;+:yfsf]
;+rfns÷Joj:yfksnfO{ lbOg] tflnd_
;xsf/L Aoj:yfkg / n]vf tfnLd - ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf]
;+rfns÷Joj:yfksnfO{ lbOg] tflnd_
Ao;flos g]t[Tj ljsf; tfnLd
;+Vof
0
0
0
0
2
2
2
2
8
;+:yfut Ifdtf ljsf; tfnLd
;+Vof
1
1
2
2
4
4
7
7
9
/)fgLlts of]hgf th'{df tfnLd sfo{qmdaf^ IF]q:t/ /
lhNnf:t/df
tflnd k|efjsf/L x'g] .
;+Vof
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
10
;xsf/L n]]vfkfng tflnd
;+Vof
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
5
6
82
13
k':tsfno ;'b[(Ls/)f sfo{qmdaf^ tflnd tyf c Woog
c g';Gwfg ;fdfu|Lx?sf] kx'Fr j[l$ eO{ k|lzIFs,
k|lzIFfyL{x? tyf c Go c g';Gwfgstf{x?sf] sfo{df
;xof]u k'Ug]
;fj{hlgs ;DklQsf] ;+ef/af^ ;DklQsf] bL#{sflng
k|of]u x'g] .
;xsf/L tflndsf] c fjZostf klxrfg c Woogaf^
;xsf/L IF]qsf] Joj;flos/)fdf ^]jf k'Ug] .
;+Vof
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
14
tfnLd ;fdfu|L tof/L / k|sfzg
;+Vof
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
15
tfnLd Dofg'c n tyf ;xsf/L k'+h tof/L k|sfzg
;+Vof
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
;+Vof
9
9
9
9
9
9
27
27
11
12
16
c g'udg d'Nofª sg / k|ltj]bg
;+Vof
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
;+Vof
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
17
kfn] kx/f
;+Vof
3
3
3
3
3
3
9
9
18
s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L k|lzIf)f s]Gb| kl/;/sf] (n lgdf{)f
;+Vof
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
19
c fwf/e't ;xsf/L Joj:yfkg tflnd -If]q:t/Lo_
;+Vof
8
8
10
10
9
9
27
27
20
c fwf/e't ;xsf/L n]vfkfng tflnd -If]q:t/Lo_
;+Vof
10
10
12
12
12
12
34
34
21
ljifout ;xsf/L Joj;fo c lej[l$ tflnd -If]q:t/Lo_
;+Vof
5
5
0
0
0
0
5
5
22
8
3
9
12
9
11
26
26
23
;xeflutfTds c fwf/e't ;xsf/L n]vf Joj:yfkg
tflnd -If]q:t/Lo_
c len]v Joj:Yfkg tflnd -If]q:t/Lo_
;+Vof
0
0
5
5
0
0
5
5
24
;xsf/L ;r]tgf tflnd -If]q:t/Lo_
;+Vof
5
3
8
9
7
7
20
19
;+Vof
83
%=&=% ;xsf/L
l;=g+
1
k|lzIf)f s]Gb| tkm{sf] Psd'i& efl/t k|ult ljj/)f M
jflif{s ah]^
sfo{qmd÷c fof]hgf
?= xhf/df
s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|
jflif{s
ef/
jflif{s
Reported Psdi&
k|ult k|ltzt
efl/t
k|ult
27138
55.431
100.000
55.431
2
;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no -;'g;/L_
8220
16.790
100.000
16.790
3
;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no -lrtjg_
2840
5.801
100.000
5.801
4
;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no -sf:sL_
2500
5.106
100.000
5.106
5
;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no -afFs_]
6280
12.827
96.000
12.314
6
;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no -s}nfnL_
1980
4.044
100.000
4.044
48958
100
hDdf
84
99.487
%=&=^ ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb| tkm{sf] ljlQo k|ult M
qm=;+=
1
sfof{no
jflif{s jh]^
2
s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|
;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no -;'g;/L_
3
;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no -lrtjg_
4
;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no -sf:sL_
5
;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no -afFs_]
6
;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no -s}nfnL_
hDdf
85
jflif{s vr{
ljlQo k|ult
k|ltzt
27138
27122
99.941
8220
8220
100
2840
2785
98.06
2500
2500
100
6280
6000
95.55
1980
1980
100
48958
48607
99.284
kl/R5]b – ^
cf=j= @)&)÷&! sf] jflif{s k|ult ;dLIff uf]i7L
^=! ;+lIfKt emns M
-@)&!÷)$÷@( / #)_
g]kfn ;/sf/sf ;j} ljifout lgsfox?n] jflif{s ?kdf :jLs[t
sfo{qmdx?sf] k|ult ;dLIff ug]{ k/Dk/f eP cg';f/ g]kfn ;/sf/,
;xsf/L tyf ul/jL lgjf/0f dGqfno, ;xsf/L ljefusf] cf=j=
)&).)&! df :jLs[t jflif{s sfo{qmdsf] k|ult ;dLIff uf]i7L @)&!
>fj0f @( / #) ut] s]lGb|o ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|sf] ;efxndf
;';DkGg eof] . jflif{s k|ult ;dLIff uf]i7Lsf] p4]Zo lgdgf';f/ /x]sf]
lyof] M
!_ jflif{s ?kdf ;+rflnt sfo{qmdx?sf] n]vfhf]vf ug'{ .
@_ sfof{nout ;d:of klxrfg u/L k|ult sd x'gfsf sf/0fx?,
sfo{qmdsf ;jn tyf ;'wf/f]gd'v kIf klxNofpg' .
#_ efjL sfo{qmd lgdf0f{ / / sfof{Gjgdf k[i7kf[]if0f k|fKt u'g{' .
$_ Ps csf{sf /fd|f kIf, ;xeflux? jLr ;]ol/Ë ug{' .
%_ ;xsf/L ;+u ;DalGwt ;a} kIfx?n] jflif{s ?kdf ;+rflnt
sfo{qmdx?jf/] oyf{t hfgsf/L k|fKt ug'{ .
^_ gLltut ;'wf/sf ljifox? klxrfg ug'{ .
&_ ;xsf/L ljsf;sf cfufdL sfo{lbzf lgdf{0f ug'{ .
o; k|ult ;ldIff uf]i7L cjlwe/ >Ldfg\ ;lrj Ho, ;x;lrjHo /
/lhi6«f/Ho nufot ;xsf/L ljefusf ;Dk0f{ sd{rf/Lx?, s]lGb|o
;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|–!, ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{nox?
%, l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no ## sf sfof{no k|dv
' / cfly{s
k|zf;g/of]hgf zfvf k|dv
' sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . jflif{s k|ult
;ldIff sfo{qmdsf] pb3f6g ;qsf] cWoIftf ;xsf/L ljefusf
/lhi6«f/ >L lji0f'xl/ kf}8]nHon] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] eg] k|d'v cltyL
tyf ljlzi7 cltyLdf s|dzM /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3sf cWoIf df=s]zj
k|;fb j8fn, k|ltlglw ;ef ;b:o / ;xsf/L tyf ul/jL lgjf/0f
dGqfnosf ;lrj >L ;'/]zdfg >]i7Ho /xg' ePsf] lyof] . cGo
cltyLx?df ;xsf/L tyf ul/jL lgjf/0f dGqfnosf ;x;lrj >L
86
;'/]z k|wfgHo, /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf] ;lrjfnosf sfo{qmd
lgb]{zs >L Zofd k|;fb e08f/L, s]Gb|Lo ljifout ;+3sf cWoIf tyf
k|ltlgwLx?–>L ;'/]Gb| e08f/L, >L bLks/fh kf}8]n, >L slkn uf}td,
>L afa'/fd clwsf/L, >L u0f]z axfb'/ a:g]t, >L b'uf{ k|;fb 9sfn,
>L bLks sf]O/fnf, uf]ljGb bfxfn, uf]ljGb j/fsf]6L, wd{/fh kf}8n
] ,
afa'n vgfn, u'nfj rf}w/L nufot kqsf/x?sf]] ;xeflutf /x]sf]
lyof] . k|ult ;dLIff uf]i7Ldf ;xsf/L sfof{nodf jflif{s ?kdf
:jLs[t sfo{qmd / ljlgof]lht jh]6sf] ljQLo tyf efl/t k|ult
nufot ;du| sfo{ku| lt s:tf] /xg uof], /fd|f / ;'wf/f]gd'v kIf s]
s] /x] < ;xsf/L sfof{non] ef]Ug' k/]sf ;d:of / pknAw cj;/x?
s] s] 5g\ < cflb ljifodf 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] . k|ult ;dLIff
uf]i7Lsf] z'?df /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3 tyf laifout s]lGb|o ;xsf/L
;+3x?sf] tkm{af6 k|ult k|:t't ul/Psf] lyof] . ;xsf/L sfof{no tkm{
;xsf/L ljefu, s]lGb|o ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|, ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf
l8lehg sfof{no / l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{nosf k|dv
' x?n] cfkm\gf]
sfof{nosf] jflif{s k|ult k|ltj]bg k|:t't ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . k|ult
;dLIff sfo{qmdsf] ;+rfng ;xsf/L ljefusf pk/lhi6|f/ >L gf/fo0f
k|;fb 1fjnLn] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] eg] :jfut dGtAo s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L
k|lzIf0f s]Gb|sf k|frfo{ >L u0f]z cof{nn] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . ljefusf
al/i7 s[lif cy{lj1 >L lji0f' k|;fb l3ld/]n] ljefu / cGt/utsf
sfof{nox?sf] ;du| k|ult k|:t't ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . jflif{s k|ult
;dLIff uf]i7LnfO{ Jojl:yt 9+un] cuf8L a9fpg ljleGg ;qx?df
ljefhg ul/Psf] lyof] . h'g o; k|sf/ 5 M
s_ k|yd ;q -pb\3f6g ;q_
;xsf/L ljefuåf/f cfof]lht cfly{s jif{ )&)÷&! sf] jflif{s
k|ult ;dLIff uf]i7L olx @)&! >fj0f @( / #) ut] ;DkGg ePsf] 5
. ;xsf/L ljefusf /lhi6«f/ lji0f'xl/ kf}8n
] sf] cWoIftfdf cfof]lht
;dLIff uf]i7Lsf] z'ef/De ;qsf] ;d'b\3f6g k|d'v cltly /fli6«o
;xsf/L ;+3sf cWoIf Pj+ k|ltlglw ;efsf ;ef;b\ df= s]zj k|;fb
a8fnn]] ug{e
' Psf] lyof] eg] ljz]if cfltYo ;xsf/L tyf ul/jL
lgjf/0f dGqfnosf ;lrj ;'/z
] dfg >]i7n] ug{e
' Psf] lyof] . ;f]
uf]i7Lsf] pb\3f6g ;df/f]xnfO{ ;+af]wg ub}{ k|dv
' cltly ;+3sf cWoIf
j8fnn] pTkfbg zlQmnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ub}{ pTkfbg a[l4 tyf /f]huf/
l;h{gfsf sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ug{ ;xsfl/tf cToGt pko'Qm k4lt
87
ePsf] eGb} b]zdf cfoft k|lt:yf{kg tyf lgof{t a[l4 ug{ s[lif If]qsf]
eldsfnfO{ k|jn agfpg cfjZos /x]sf] ljrf/ JoQm ug{e
' of] . pxfFn]
;xsf/L If]qn] %# xhf/ hgzlQmnfO{ /f]huf/L lbg' rfgr'g] s'/f
gePsf] atfpFb} ;xsf/L If]qdf /x]sf] hgzlQm tyf ;+rfns
kbflwsf/L tflnd, k|lzIf0f kjf{wf/df ;d]t /fHon] nufgL a9fpg'kg]{
cfjZostf cf}NofpFge
' of] .
;xsf/Ldf Joj;flos hgzlQm a9fpgsf nflu lghfdtL
P]gdf 5'§} ;xsf/L ;]jf ;dx cfjZos /x]sf] cf}NofpFb} cWoIf
a8fnn] cflY{fs k|hftGq alnof] x'g ;xsf/L x'g' h?/L /x]sf] s'/fdf
hf]8 lbg'eof] . ljlzi6 cltly ;xsf/L tyf ul/aL lgjf/0f dGqfnosf
;lrj ;'/z
] >]i7n] ;dLIff uf]i7Lsf dfWodaf6 ljutsf] ;dLIff u/]/
cfufdL af6f] to ug]{ atfpFb} cfufdL jif{sf] nflu s] ug]{ ljifodf
uf]i7Laf6 3f]if0ff kq hf/L ug{k' g]{ cfjZostf cf}nfpg'eof] .
;+3sf gjlgjf{lrt cWoIf s]zj k|;fb a8fn nufot ;+3sf]
l;+uf] ;+rfns ;ldltnfO{ awfO{ lbFb} ;lrj >]i7n] ;xsf/Ldf ePsf
ljs[lt lj;+ultx? lr/kmf/ ug{ ;+34f/f ;/sf/nfO{ ;xhLs/0f
ul/lbg ;d]t cfXjfg ug{e
' of] . ;xsf/Lsf & l;4fGtx?nfO{
Jojxf/df nfu' ug{'kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbFb} pxfFn] clxn]sf] ;xsf/L
If]qnfo{ ;f]xL lbzfaf]w ug{ /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3n] k'gM dNof+sg ug{
h?/L /x]sf] :d/0f ug{e
' of] . ;d:ofu|:t ;xsf/Lx?sf] ;DklQ
Joj:yfkg ug{ ;ldlt u7g ul/g nfu]sf] hgfpFb} ;lrj >]i7n]
;xsf/L tyf ul/aL lgjf/0f sf]if / o'jf tyf ;fgf Joj;floL
:j/f]huf/ sf]ifnfO{ dGqfno dftxt Nofpg h?/L /x]sf] wf/0ff
/fVg'eof] .
;xsf/L tyf ul/aL lgjf/0f dGqfnosf ;x;lrj ;'/z
]
k|wfgn] ;xsf/L dGqfno ev{/ u7g ePsf] eP klg ;xsf/Lsf] nfdf]
Oltxf; /x]sf] eGb} ;xsf/L gLltsf] sfof{Gjog sfo{of]hgf / dfl;s
sfo{ of]hgf x'g' h?/L /x]sf] atfpg'eof] . ;x;lrj k|wfgn] casf] %
jif{sf] ;xsf/L If]qn] /fHosf] s'n ufx{:y pTkfbgdf lglZrt of]ubfg
k'¥ofpg] u/L of]hgfj4 9+un] sfd ug{ JICA Nepal, GIZ nufotsf
lgsfox?n] ;d]t ;xof]usf] xft cufl8 a9fPsf] hgsf/L lbFb} casf]
s]xL ;do leq ;xsf/L If]qdf ;sf/fTds kl/jt{g x'g] s'/fdf cfkm
cfzfjfbL /x]sf] wf/0ff /fVg' eof] .
/fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf lgb]z
{ s Zofd k|;fb e08f/Ln]
88
;xsf/Ln] ;+:yfut ?kdf alnof] ?k wf/0ff u/]sf] cf}NofpFb} laQLo
If]q dfq ge} pTkfbgdns If]qdf ;xsf/Lsf] of]ubfg a[l4 ug{' h?/L
/x]sf] s'/f cf}Nofpg' eof] . ljifout s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3x? Pj+
/fli6«o ;xsf/L a}s
+ sf tkm{af6 af]Nb} s]Gb|Lo df}/Lkfng ;xsf/L ;+3sf
cWoIf u0f]z a:g]tn] @) lhNnfdf l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{nox?sf]
lj:tf/ x'g' kg]{ dfu ub}{ ;xsf/L tyf ul/aL lgjf/0f dGqfo eg]/
dfq gx'g] eGb} ul/aL lgjf/0f, pTkfbg k|zf]wg nufotsf If]qx?df
dGqfnon] bl/nf] kxnsbdL lng' kg]{ cfjZostf cf}Nofpg'eof] .
ljleGg * j6f s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3x? -df}/Lkfng, kmnkm'n
t/sf/L, h'gf/, pv', hl8a'l6, laplahg, lrof / pkef]Qmf_ nfO{
;xsf/L ljefu4f/f k|bfg ul/Psf] ^ nfv cg'bfg / ;DalGwt s]Gb|Lo
;+3x?sf] nfut ;xeflutfdf sf7df08f}+sf] zflGtgu/ u]6df ;xsf/L
ahf/ :yfkgf ug{ nfluPsf] hfgsf/L lbFb} pxfFn] cfufdL jif{df ;d]t
cg'bfg ;xof]u pknAw ePdf yk sfd ug{ ;lsg] k|ltj4tf JoQm
ug{e
' of] . sfo{qmdsf] cWoIftf ul//xg' ePsf ;xsf/L ljefusf
/lhi6«f/ lji0f'xl/ kf}8n
] n] /fd|f / /rgfTds sfd ug{ gLltnfO{
sfo{qmddf abn]/ hfg' kg]{ cfjZostf cf}NofpFb} ;xsf/L cleofg /
;xsf/L ljefu xft]dfnf] u/]/ cl3 a9\g'kg]{ vfFrf] /x]sf] s'/fdf hf]8
lbg'eof] . cleofgn] ;/sf/nfO{ Back Support ug{'kg]{ wf/0ff /fVb}
/lhi6«f/ kf}8n
] n] ;xsf/Lsf ;d:of ;Rofpgsf nflu P]g lgod
;+zf]wg ug{ ljefu / ;xsf/L cleofg ldn]/ hfg'sf] ljsNk gePsf]
s'/f ls6fg ug{e
' of] .
;xsf/L ljefusf jl/i7 s[lif cy{lj1 lji0f' k|;fb l3ld/]n]
;xsf/L ljefu / cGt/utsf lgsfox?sf] ;+lIfKt jflif{s k|ult k|:t't
ub}{ cf=j= @)&)÷&! sf] h]i7 dlxgf ;Dd g]kfn /fHoe/ ! /fli6«o
;xsf/L ;+3, !* j6f ljifout s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3, ! /fli6«o
;xsf/L a}s
+ , lhNNff ;xsf/L ;+3x? ^( j6f / ljifout lhNNff :t/Lo
;+3x? @$! / ljleGg ljifosf s'n #) xhf/ @ ;o %@ ;xsf/L
;+:yfx? /x]sf] k|f/lDes tYof+s ;DaGwL ljifodf hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .
pxfFsf cg';f/ cf=j= @)&)÷&! df ljefu cGt/ut !@!@
;+:yf btf{, $ ;o !* j6f 7nf ;xsf/Lsf] ;3g cg'udg, /fli6«o
;xsf/L ;+3sf] ejg lgdf{0f, $# j6f pBdnfO{ ! s/f]8 ## nfv
cg'bfg ljt/0f, l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no dfkm{t *)* kj{ ;xsf/L
lzIff tflndaf6 @) xhf/ @ ;o hgf nfeflGjt ePsf] , ^$%)
hgfnfO{ ;xsf/L ;r]tgf tflnd k|bfg ul/Psf], $^)) hgfnfO{ n]vf
89
Joj:yfkg tfnLd k|bfg ul/Psf], s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|af6
ljleGg #^ j6f tflnd dfkm{t ()) hgf nfeflGjt ePsf] / ;xsf/L
k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{nox?af6 @()) hgfnfO{ tflnd lbOPsf]
lyof] . pxfFn] ;xsf/L lgodg / k|zf;g lkmtnf], ;xsf/L P]g, lgod
kfngfdf pbfl;gtf / b08lxgtf, ;a} lhNnfdf sfof{no gePsfn]
;]jf k|jfxdf ;d:of, b/aGbL cg';f/ kbklt{df sdL nfuotsf
;d:of / ;xsf/L If]q tkm{ ;xsf/L l;4fGt, P]g lgod / ljlgod
kfngfdf pbfl;gtfsf sf/0f ;'zf;g sfod ug{ ;d:of, lzIff tyf
tflndsf] cefjdf ;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yfx?df pBdlzntfsf] cefj
nufotsf ;d:ofx? /x]sf] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .
s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|sf k|frfo{ u0f]z cof{nn]
uf]i7Ldf pkl:yt k|d'v cltly, ljz]if cltly, cltly, k|ltlglw tyf
;xefuLx?nfO{ :jfut clejfbg ug{e
' Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] ;+rfng
pk/lhi6«f/ gf/fo0f 1jnLn] ug{e
' Psf] lyof] .
bf]>f] ;qM
bf]>f] ;qsf] ;efkltTj ;xsf/L ljefusf /lhi6«f/ >L
lji0f'xl/ kf}8]nn] ug{'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] bf]>f] ;q cGt/ut
s]Gb|Lo b'Uw ;xsf/L ;+3sf tkm{af6 pkfWoIf afa'/fd clwsf/L,
ax'p2]ZoLo s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3sf tkm{af6 cWoIf ;'/G] b| e08f/L,
s]Gb|Lo skmL ;xsf/L ;+3sf] tkm{af6 uf]ljGb a/fsf]6L, s]Gb|Lo ljB't
;xsf/L ;+3sf cWoIf wd{/fh kf}8n
] , s]Gb|Lo df}/Lkfng ;xsf/L
;+3sf cWoIf u0f]z a:g]t / pkfWoIf ch{'g kf]v/]n, s]Gb|Lo lrof
;xsf/L ;+3sf cWoIf uf]ljGb bfxfn, g]kfn s[lif ;xsf/L s]Gb|Lo
;+3sf tkm{af6 clws[t slkn uf}td, g]kfn art tyf C0f s]Gb|Lo
;xsf/L ;+3sf tkm{af6 sfo{qmd clws[t b'uf{ k|;fb 9sfn nufotn]
cf–cfˆgf ;+3x? dfkm{t ;Dkflbt ultljlwx? k|:t't ug{'ePsf] lyof] .
t]>f] ;qM
t]>f] ;qsf] ;efkltTj ;xsf/L tyf ul/aL lgjf/0f
dGqfnosf ;lrj >L ;'/]zdfg >]i7n] ug{'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf]
bf]>f] lbg ;'?df /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3sf] tkm{af6 jl/i7 k|jGws afa'n
vgfnn] ;xsf/L If]q ;'bl[ 9s/0f cfof]hgf cGt/ut ljefu4f/f k|bfg
ul/Psf] ! s/f]8 @$ nfv cg'bfg a/fa/sf] ;+3sf] ejg lgdf{0f,
tfnLd tyf lzIff, b'ud
{ If]q kx'Fr lj:tf/, d'Qm sd}of pTyfg, ;+3x?
90
1=
;'bl[ 9s/0f, n}l+ us ;zlQms/0f, /fli6«o cGt/f{li6«o ;xsf/L lbj; Pj+
cfO{;LP ;b:otf z'Ns e'QmfgL ;DaGwL ljj/0fx? k|:t't ug'{ePsf]
lyof] . s]Gb|Lo dT:o ;xsf/L ;+3sf tkm{af6 u'nfj rf}w/Ln] ljut
Ps jif{ leq ;+3n] ;DkGg u/]sf sfdx? k|:t't ug'{x'b}F cfufdL
lbgx?df ;/sf/L If]qaf6 ;xof]u ePdf yk /fd|f sfdx? ug{ ;lsg]
hfgsf/L u/fpg' ePsf] lyof] . s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|sf
tkm{af6 k|frfo{ u0f]z cof{nn] cf=j= )&)÷&! df ;DkGg ePsf
k|lzIf0f nufot ;fj{hlgs lgdf{0f ;'wf/ Pj+ k|zf;lgs ultljlwx?sf]
;+lIfKt k|:t'lt ug{'ePsf] lyof] . pxfFsf cg';f/ ljut Ps jif{df
s]Gb|Lo k|lzIf0f s]Gb|df #^ j6f tfnLd sfo{qmd ;+rfng u/L #*)
hgf dlxnf / %@@ hgf k'?if ;lxt hDdf ()@ hgf k|lzIffyL{x?nfO{
tfnLd k|bfg u/]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg'eof] . To;kl5 ;xsf/L ljefusf
/lhi6«f/ >L lji0f'xl/ kf}8n
] n] 5f]6f] ;do lnP/ sfo{qmdsf] ;efklt
ul//xg'ePsf >Ldfg ;lrjHosf] ;?jfsf] ;DaGwdf ;xeflux?nfO{
hfgsf/L u/fpb} ljefu / cGt/utsf sfof{nosf] tkm{af6 ljbfO{sf]
kj{ ;GWofdf pxfFsf] pQ/f]Q/ k|ultsf] z'esfdgf / dGqfnodf /xL
ljefunfO{ k|bfg ug{e
' Psf] ;+/IfsTj / dfu{bz{gsf] nfuL cfef/ k|s6
ug{'ePsf] lyof] . t]>f] ;qsf] cGodf ;efkltsf] x}l;ont] >Ldfg
;lrjHon] pkl:yt ;a} sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ lgb]{zg lbFb} ;xsf/L
;+3;+:yfsf] k|j4{g / ljsf;df ;a}n] cf–cfˆgf] If]qaf6 ;xhLs/0f /
;xsfo{ ug{'kg]{ wf/0ff JoQm ug{'eof] . ;fy} sfof{nosf] tkm{af6 ul/g]
x/]s sfdx?df kf/blz{tf / ck]lIft uf]klgotf aLr ;Gt'ng ug{'kg]{
atfpg' eof] . ;a}n] ;sf/fTds ;f]rsf ;fy sfd ug{'kg]{ / a]?h'
km5\of}6df k|efjsf/Ltf Nofpg' kg]{ atfpg' eof] . cGtdf cfkm' ;?jf
eP/ ;xsf/L /fhb'tsf] x}l;otn] cGoq dGqfnodf hfg nfu]sf]n]
;w} ;xsf/Lsf] ljsf; / k|j4{gdf cfˆgf] tkm{af6 ;Sbf] ;xof]u /xg]
wf/0ff JoQm ug{e
' of] .
rf}yf] ;q M
uf]i7Lsf] rf}yf] ;qsf] ;efkltTj ;xsf/L ljefusf /lhi6«f/ lji0f'xl/
kf}8]nn] ug{'ePsf] lyof] . k|ult ;dLIff sfo{qmdsf] bf]>f] lbg ljleGg
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no tyf ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg
sfof{nosf] k|ult k|ltj]bg k|:t't ug]{ sfd z'? eof] . ;DalGwt
sfof{noaf6 ePsf] k|ult k|:t'tLsf] ljj/0f o; k|sf/ /x]sf] 5 .
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, a}t8L M ;j{ky| d l8lehg ;xsf/L
sfof{no a}t8Lsf ;xsf/L lg/LIfs ltns vqLn] cfˆgf] sfof{nosf]
91
2=
3=
tkm{af6 k|ult k|:t't ub}{ efl/t tkm{ ((=)& k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{
((=!! k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] .
o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leqsf a}t8L / bfr{n
' f lhNnfdf
;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof qmdzM !(% / !@! /x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{ qmdzM
@÷@ j6f u/L hDdf $ j6f ;+3x? ;+rfngdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg'
eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof a}t8L /
bfr'{nfdf qmdzM @$ / !^ u/L hDdf $) j6f /x]sf] atfpg' eof] .
a}t8L lhNnfdf ut cf=j= )&)÷&! df Pp6f dfq ;+:yf lnSjL8]zg
ul/Psf] lyof] .
;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no, s}nfnL M k|lzIf0f tkm{ o;
sfof{nosf] sfo{If]q ;]tL / dxfsfnL c~rnsf ( j6f lhNnf /
lgodg tkm{ s}nfnL lhNnf /x]sf] 5 . )&)÷&! df ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f
s]Gb| tkm{ efl/t / ljQLo k|ult qmdzM !)) k|ltzt / !)) k|ltzt
/x]sf], ;xsf/L ;'b[9Ls/0f tkm{ efl/t / ljQLo k|ult qmdzM !))
k|ltzt / !)) k|ltzt xfl;n ePsf], o; cf=a=df k|lzIf0f s]Gb| tkm{
@$$ hgf / ;xsf/L If]q ;'b9[ Ls/0f cfof]hgf tkm{ ^&) hgf ;d]t
hDdf (!$ k|lzIffyL{x?nfO{ tflnd k|bfg ul/Psf], s}nfnL lhNnfdf
%@! j6f ;xsf/L ;+:yf / $ j6f ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+rfngdf /x]sf],
Pp6f ;+:yf vf/]h ul/Psf], !!@ ;+:yfsf] lgl/If0f ul/Psf], ?
!)&(&! u}/ s/ /fhZj ;+sng ul/Psf], dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt
;+:yfsf] ;+Vof &% j6f /x]sf], z]o/ kFlh ?= #( s/f]8, art
kl/rfng ?= @=@ ca{, nufgL ? #=) ca{ / ;xsf/L ;+3;+:yfaf6
;[hgf ePsf] /f]huf/L !)@% /x]sf] ;fy} pQm cf=j=df sfof{no
kl/;/ lgdf{0f ;'wf/ cGt/ut k'/fgf] sfof{no ejgsf] dd{t ;'wf/ /
af6f] lgdf{0fsf] sfd ;DkGg ePsf] Joxf]/f k|rfo{ >L v]d/fh lji6n]
atfpg' eof] .
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no s~rgk'/ M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no
s~rgk'/sf sfof{no k|dv
' >L /fd axfb'/ vftLn] cfˆgf] sfof{nosf]
tkm{af6 k|ult k|:t't ub}{ efl/t tkm{ (&=*& k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{
(&=!) k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] .
o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leqsf s~rgk'/ / 88]nw'/f lhNnfdf
k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof qmdzM #^# / !&$ /x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{
qmdzM % / $ j6f u/L hDdf ( j6f ;+3x? ;+rfngdf /x]sf]
hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf]
;+Vof s~rgk'/ / 88]nw'/fdf qmdzM $( / !^ u/L hDdf ^% j6f
92
4=
5=
6=
/x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut tLg j6f
;+:yfsf] vf/]hL ul/Psf], ?= !@!)) u}/ s/ /fhZj ;+sng ul/Psf] /
sfof{no ejgsf] sf]l/8/ dd{t ;'wf/ ul/Psf] lyof] .
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no 8f]6L M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no 8f]6Lsf
sfof{no k|dv
' >L nIdL s'df/ lj=s=n] cfˆgf] sfof{nosf] tkm{af6
k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd tkm{ efl/t tkm{ (%=$%
k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ (%=$% k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf] Joxf]/f
hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leqsf 8f]6L,
aemfª, c5fd / afh'/f lhNnfdf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof
qmdzM !((, !@@, !(& / ** ;d]t hDdf ^)^ /x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{
qmdzM @, @, @ / # j6f u/L hDdf ( j6f ;+3x? ;+rfngdf /x]sf]
hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf]
;+Vof 8f]6L, aemfª, c5fd / afh'/fdf qmdzM @*, @^, #@ / !# u/L
hDdf (( j6f /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut
rf/ j6f ;+:yfsf] vf/]hL ul/Psf], tLg j6f ;'ky d'No ;xsf/L
k;nsf] /sd ? tLg nfv ;DalGwt ;+:yfaf6 lkmtf{ u/L /fhZj
bflvnf ul/Psf] lyof] .
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no h'Dnf M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no h'Dnfsf
sfof{no k|dv
' >L gf/fo0f k|;fb rfkfufFO{n] cfˆgf] sfof{nosf]
tkm{af6 k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd tkm{ efl/t
tkm{ !)) k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ (*=@& k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf]
Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leqsf
h'Dnf, x'Dnf, d'u,' 8f]Nkf / sflnsf]6 lhNnfdf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L
;+:yfsf] ;+Vof qmdzM !*&, (!, &(, %# / (! ;d]t hDdf %)!
/x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{ qmdzM #, ), ), ) / ! j6f u/L hDdf $ j6f
;+3x? ;+rfngdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f
;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof h'Dnf, x'Dnf, d'u', 8f]Nkf /
sflnsf]6df qmdzM @^, &, !), # / $ u/L hDdf %) j6f /x]sf]
atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut b'O{ j6f ;+:yfsf]
vf/]hL ul/Psf] / b'O{ j6fsf] ;+:yfsf] lnSjL8]zg ul/Psf] lyof] . o;
l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut ?= !^,@$) u}/s/ /fhZj c;'nL ul/Psf]
lyof] .
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no ;'v]{t M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no ;'v]{tsf
sfof{no k|dv
' >L b]jL kf}8]nn] cfˆgf] sfof{nosf] tkm{af6 k|ult
k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd tkm{ efl/t tkm{ !)) k|ltzt
93
7=
8=
/ ljQLo tkm{ !)) k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L
u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leqsf ;'v]{t, b}n]v /
hfh/sf]6 lhNnfdf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof qmdzM %&$,
@%@ / !#( ;d]t hDdf (^% /x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{ qmdzM %, @ / @
j6f u/L hDdf ( j6f ;+3x? ;+rfngdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof]
. To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof ;'v]{t, b}n]v /
hfh/sf]6df qmdzM %^, @* / !) u/L hDdf ($ j6f /x]sf] atfpg'
eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut rf/ j6f ;+:yfsf] vf/]hL
ul/Psf] / b'O{ j6fsf] ;+:yfsf] Plss/0f u/L Pp6f ;+:yf agfpg] sfd
ul/Psf] lyof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut ?= *#,%)) u}/s/
/fhZj c;'nL ul/Psf] lyof] .
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no alb{of M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no
alb{ofsf sfof{no k|dv
' >L a'4 k|sfz kf}8]nn] cfˆgf] sfof{nosf]
tkm{af6 k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd tkm{ efl/t
tkm{ !)) k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ !)) k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf]
Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leq
Pp6f dfq alb{of lhNnfdf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof qmdzM
#$% /x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{ ljleGG ^ j6f ;+rfngdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L
u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof %!
j6f /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut #& j6f
;+:yfsf] vf/]hL ul/Psf], #% j6f ;+:yf gofF btf{ ul/Psf], s'n
;xsf/L ;+:yf dWo] $^ j6f lgis[o cj:yfdf /x]sf] / b'O{ j6f
;+:yfsf] Plss/0f u/L Pp6f ;+:yf agfpg] sfd ul/Psf] lyof] . o;
l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut ?= ^%,))) u}/s/ /fhZj c;'nL ul/Psf]
lyof] .
;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no, afFs] M o; sfof{no
cGt/ut k|lzIf0f tkm{ o; sfof{nosf] sfo{If]q e]/L, /fKtL / s0ff{nL
c~rnsf !% j6f lhNnf / lgodg tkm{ afFs] lhNnf /x]sf] 5 . cf=j=
)&)÷&! df ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb| tkm{ efl/t / ljQLo k|ult qmdzM
(^ k|ltzt / (%=% k|ltzt /x]sf], ;xsf/L ;'b[9Ls/0f tkm{ efl/t /
ljQLo k|ult qmdzM *( k|ltzt / *! k|ltzt xfl;n ePsf], dlxnf
^&# / k'?if $$^ u/L !!!( hgf k|lzIffyL{x?nfO{ ljleGg k|s[ltsf]
tflnd k|bfg ul/Psf], afFs] lhNnfdf $!) j6f ;xsf/L ;+:yf /
ljleGg % j6f ;xsf/L ;+3x? ;+rfngdf /x]sf], #& j6f gofF ;+:yf
btf{, ? ^$,#)) u}/ s/ /fhZj ;+sng ul/Psf] / dlxnfåf/f
94
9=
10=
11=
;+rflnt ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof %% j6f /x]sf] lyof] . o; cf=j=df sfof{no
ejg lgdf{0f ;'wf/ cGt/ut 5fqfjf; ejgsf] lgdf{0f sfd ;DkGg
ePsf] t/ ah]6 sd ePsf]n] cfufdL cf=a= df ? @^,%),)))
e'QmfgL lbg afFsL /x]sf] ;fy} kl/;/ ;'wf/sf] sfd ;d]t ug{' kg]{
Joxf]/f k|rfo{ >L k|sfz /fh kf}8n
] n] atfpg' eof] .
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no bfª M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no bfªsf
sfof{no k|dv
' >L ljgf]b s'df/ kf}8]nn] cfˆgf] sfof{nosf] tkm{af6
k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd tkm{ efl/t tkm{ !))
k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ !)) k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf] Joxf]/f
hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leq bfª,
Ko'7fg, ;Nofg, ?s'd / /f]Nkf lhNnfdf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf]
;+Vof qmdzM %&#, !%*, !#%, !#! / !@% u/L hDdf !!@@ /x]sf] /
;+3 tkm{ qmdzM %, #, @, $ / # ;d]t !& j6f ;+rfngdf /x]sf]
hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf]
;+Vof @)& j6f /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut
% j6f ;+:yfsf] vf/]hL ul/Psf], !)( j6f ;+:yf gofF btf{ ul/Psf],
o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut ?= !,)&,^)) u}/s/ /fhZj c;'nL
ul/Psf] lyof] .
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no slkna:t' M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no
bfªsf sfof{no k|d'v >L n]vgfy kf}8]nn] cfˆgf] sfof{nosf] tkm{af6
k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd tkm{ efl/t tkm{ &&=^$
k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ &^=^@ k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf] Joxf]/f
hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leq slknj:t'
/ c3f{vfrL lhNnfdf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof qmdzM $%& /
!$& u/L hDdf ^)$ /x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{ qmdzM # / @ ;d]t % j6f
;+rfngdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt
;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof &( j6f /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg
sfof{no cGt/ut @# j6f ;+:yf gofF btf{ ul/Psf] / o; l8lehg
sfof{no cGt/ut ?= (!,&)) u}/s/ /fhZj c;'nL ul/Psf] lyof] .
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no ?kGb]xL M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no
?kGb]xLsf sfof{no k|dv
' >LdtL /df cfrfo{n] cfˆgf] sfof{nosf]
tkm{af6 k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd tkm{ efl/t
tkm{ !)) k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ !)) k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf]
Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leq
?kGb]xL lhNnfdf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof qmdzM ^$( /x]sf]
95
12=
13=
14=
/ ;+3 tkm{ % j6f ;+rfngdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L
dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof %& j6f /x]sf] atfpg'
eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut @$ j6f ;+:yf vf/]hL, @* j6f
;+:yf gofF btf{ ul/Psf] / o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut ?= ^!,%))
u}/s/ /fhZj c;'nL ul/Psf] lyof] .
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no kfNkf M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no kfNkfsf
sfof{no k|dv
' >L ?Sdfut cof{nn] cfˆgf] sfof{nosf] tkm{af6 k|ult
k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd tkm{ efl/t tkm{ !)) k|ltzt
/ ljQLo tkm{ ((=% k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L
u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leq kfNkf / u'NdL
lhNnfdf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof qmdzM @@& / @@% u/L
hDdf $%@ /x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{ % / ^ j6f u/L hDdf !! j6f
;+rfngdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt
;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof qmdzM #^ / #& u/L hDdf &# j6f /x]sf]
atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut * j6f ;+:yf vf/]hL,
@* j6f ;+:yf gofF btf{ ul/Psf] / o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut ?=
##,@%) u}/s/ /fhZj c;'nL ul/Psf] lyof] .
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no :ofª\hf M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no
:ofª\hfsf sfof{no k|d'v >L s[i0f axfb'/ s'jF /n] cfˆgf] sfof{nosf]
tkm{af6 k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd tkm{ efl/t
tkm{ !)) k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ !)) k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf]
Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leq
Pp6f lhNnf :ofª\hf /x]sf] ;f] lhNnfdf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf]
;+Vof #)@ /x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{ * j6f ;+rfngdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L
u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof #!
j6f /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut @# j6f
;+:yf vf/]hL, @( j6f ;+:yf gofF btf{ ul/Psf] lyof] .
;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no, sf:sL M o; sfof{no
cGt/ut k|lzIf0f tkm{ o; sfof{nosf] sfo{If]q u08sL, n'lDjgL /
wjnflu/L c~rnsf !^ j6f lhNnf / lgodg tkm{ sf:sL lhNnf
/x]sf] 5 . cf=j= )&)÷&! df ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb| tkm{ efl/t /
ljQLo k|ult qmdzM !)) k|ltzt / !)) k|ltzt /x]sf], ;xsf/L
;'b[9Ls/0f tkm{ efl/t / ljQLo k|ult qmdzM ((=*$ k|ltzt /
((=*^ k|ltzt xfl;n ePsf], dlxnf &%$ / k'?if %!( u/L !@&#
hgf k|lzIffyL{x?nfO{ ljleGg k|sl[ tsf] tflnd k|bfg ul/Psf], sf:sL
96
15=
16=
17=
lhNnfdf %^# j6f ;xsf/L ;+:yf / ljleGg ^ j6f ;xsf/L ;+3x?
;+rfngdf /x]sf], @# j6f gofF ;+:yf btf{, % j6f ;+:yfsf] vf/]hL, ?
!,@@,!)) u}/s/ /fh:j ;+sng ul/Psf] / dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt
;+:yfsf] ;+Vof ^@ j6f /x]sf] Aoxf]/f hfgsf/L eof] . pQm cf=j=df
sfof{no ejg tyf kl/;/ ;'wf/sf] sfd ;d]t ;DkGg ePsf] Joxf]/f
k|rfo{ >L gf/fo0f k|;fb cof{nn] atfpg' eof] .
;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no, afUn'ª M l8lehg ;xsf/L
sfof{no afUn'ªsf lgldQ sfof{no k|dv
' >L lu/L axfb'/ s]=;L=n]
cfˆgf] sfof{nosf] tkm{af6 k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df
sfo{qmd tkm{ efl/t tkm{ !)) k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ !)) k|ltzt
k|ult xfl;n ePsf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf]
k|fb]lzs If]q leq afUn'ª, kj{t, DofUbL / d':tfª lhNnfdf k|f/lDes
;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof qmdzM #*@, @*), !*@ / #% u/L hDdf
*&( /x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{ qmdzM &, %, % / ) ;d]t !& j6f ;+rfngdf
/x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L
;+:yfsf] ;+Vof !)* j6f /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no
cGt/ut * j6f ;+:yf Plss/0f u/L # j6f ;+:yfsf] lgdf{0f ul/Psf],
!$# j6f ;+:yf gofF btf{ ul/Psf] lyof] .
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, tgx'F M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no tgx'Fsf
sfof{no k|dv
' >L uf}td e08f/Ln] cfˆgf] sfof{nosf] tkm{af6 k|ult
k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd tkm{ efl/t tkm{ ((=()
k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ ((=(@ k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf] Joxf]/f
hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leq tgxF',
uf]/vf, ndh'ª / dgfª lhNnfdf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof
qmdzM ##), #*&, @*! / * u/L hDdf !))^ /x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{
qmdzM ^, ^, $ / ) ;d]t !^ j6f ;+rfngdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg'
eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof !(& j6f
/x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut $ j6f ;+:yf
Plss/0f u/L @ j6f ;+:yfsf] lgdf{0f ul/Psf], !&$ j6f ;+:yf gofF
btf{ ul/Psf] / lgis[o ?kdf /x]sf & ;+:yfsf] btf{ vf/]hL ul/Psf]
lyof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut ?= ((,!)) u}/s/ /fhZj
c;'nL ul/Psf] lyof] .
;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no, g'jfsf]6 M l8lehg ;xsf/L
sfof{no g'jfsf]6sf sfof{no k|dv
' >L /f]dfsfGt sfˆn]n] cfˆgf]
sfof{nosf] tkm{af6 k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd
97
18=
19=
20=
tkm{ efl/t tkm{ ((=() k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ ((=($ k|ltzt k|ult
xfl;n ePsf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs
If]q leq g'jfsf]6 / /;'jf lhNnfdf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof
qmdzM $#! / !@^ u/L hDdf %%& /x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{ qmdzM $ / )
;d]t $ j6f ;+rfngdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L
dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof *^ j6f /x]sf] atfpg'
eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut @ j6f ;+:yf Plss/0f u/L !
j6f ;+:yfsf] lgdf{0f ul/Psf], #* j6f ;+:yf gofF btf{ ul/Psf] /
lgis[o ?kdf /x]sf ( ;+:yfsf] btf{ vf/]hL ul/Psf] lyof] . o;
l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut ?= @&,@)) u}/s/ /fhZj c;'nL ul/Psf]
lyof] .
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no gjnk/f;L M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no
gjnk/f;Lsf sfof{no k|d'v >L af;'bj] e§/fO{n] cfˆgf] sfof{nosf]
tkm{af6 k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd tkm{ efl/t
tkm{ !)) k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ !)) k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf]
Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leq
Pp6f lhNnf gjnk/f;L /x]sf] ;f] lhNnfdf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf]
;+Vof $^( /x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{ ^ j6f ;+rfngdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L
u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof
!)@ j6f /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut @#
j6f ;+:yf vf/]hL, !^ j6f ;+:yf gofF btf{ ul/Psf] lyof] . o;
l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut ?= %^,*)) u}/s/ /fhZj c;'nL ul/Psf]
lyof] .
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no wflbª M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no
wflbªsf sfof{no k|dv
' >L s[i0f axfb'/ af]x/fn] cfˆgf] sfof{nosf]
tkm{af6 k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd tkm{ efl/t
tkm{ !)) k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ !)) k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf]
Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leq
Pp6f dfq lhNnf wflbª /x]sf] ;f] lhNnfdf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf]
;+Vof $)! /x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{ ^ j6f ;+rfngdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L
u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof
&* j6f /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut * j6f
;+:yf vf/]hL, #! j6f ;+:yf gofF btf{ ul/Psf] lyof] . o; l8lehg
sfof{no cGt/ut ?= #@,))) u}/s/ /fhZj c;'nL ul/Psf] lyof] .
;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no, lrtjg M o; sfof{no
98
21=
22=
cGt/ut k|lzIf0f tkm{ o; sfof{nosf] sfo{If]q afudlt, gf/fo0fL /
hgsk'/ c~rnsf !( j6f lhNnf / lgodg tkm{ lrtjg lhNnf
/x]sf] 5 . cf=j= )&)÷&! df ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb| tkm{ efl/t /
ljQLo k|ult qmdzM !)) k|ltzt / (*=^) k|ltzt /x]sf], ;xsf/L
;'b[9Ls/0f tkm{ efl/t / ljQLo k|ult qmdzM !)) k|ltzt / (*=%&
k|ltzt xfl;n ePsf], dlxnf ^)! / k'?if %## u/L !!#$ hgf
k|lzIffyL{x?nfO{ ljleGg k|s[ltsf] tflnd k|bfg ul/Psf], lrtjg
lhNnfdf ^$* j6f k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yf / ljleGg * j6f ;xsf/L
;+3x? ;+rfngdf /x]sf], #$ j6f gofF ;+:yf btf{, @@ j6f ;+:yfsf]
vf/]hL, $ j6f ;+:Yff Plss/0f u/L @ j6f lgdf{0f ul/Psf], ?
!,^!,()) u}/s/ /fh:j ;+sng ul/Psf] / dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt
;+:yfsf] ;+Vof (& j6f /x]sf] Aoxf]/f sfof{nosf k|frfo{ >L s]zj
axfb'/ yfkfn] hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] .
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no sf7df08f}+ M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no
sf7df08f}s
+ f sfof{no k|dv
' >L an/fd lg/f}nfn] cfˆgf] sfof{nosf]
tkm{af6 k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd tkm{ efl/t
tkm{ !)) k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ ((=^# k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf]
Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leq
Pp6f dfq lhNnf sf7df08f}+ /x]sf] ;f] lhNnfdf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L
;+:yfsf] ;+Vof #^*% /x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{ ^ j6f ;+rfngdf /x]sf]
hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf]
;+Vof !^& j6f /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut
!( j6f ;+:yf vf/]hL, $ j6f ;+:yfsf] Plss/0f u/L @ j6f lgdf{0f
ul/Psf], %# j6f ;+:yf gofF btf{ ul/Psf] lyof] . o; l8lehg
sfof{no cGt/ut ?= !),^$, *)) u}/s/ /fhZj c;'nL ul/Psf]
lyof] .
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no nlntk'/ M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no
nlntk'/sf sfof{no k|d'v >L /fdxl/ nfld5fg]n] cfˆgf] sfof{nosf]
tkm{af6 k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd tkm{ efl/t
tkm{ !)) k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ !)) k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf]
Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leq
Pp6f dfq lhNnf nlntk'/ /x]sf] ;f] lhNnfdf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L
;+:yfsf] ;+Vof !)#( /x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{ ( j6f ;+rfngdf /x]sf]
hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf]
;+Vof *& j6f /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut
99
23=
24=
25=
* j6f ;+:yf vf/]hL, $ j6f ;+:yfsf] Plss/0f u/L @ j6f lgdf{0f
ul/Psf], #% j6f ;+:yf gofF btf{ ul/Psf] lyof] . o; l8lehg
sfof{no cGt/ut ?= !,(^,)%) u}/s/ /fhZj c;'nL ul/Psf] lyof] .
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no eQmk'/ M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no
eQmk'/sf sfof{no k|dv
' >L 8]s /fh kf]v/]nn] cfˆgf] sfof{nosf]
tkm{af6 k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd tkm{ efl/t
tkm{ (&=#& k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ *!=$& k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n
ePsf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q
leq Pp6f dfq lhNnf eQmk'/ /x]sf] ;f] lhNnfdf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L
;+:yfsf] ;+Vof ^@! /x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{ % j6f ;+rfngdf /x]sf]
hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf]
;+Vof ^# j6f /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut
!^ j6f ;+:yf gofF btf{ ul/Psf] / ?=^),))) u}/s/ /fhZj c;'nL
ul/Psf] lyof]
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no sfe|] M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no sfe|s
] f
sfof{no k|d'v >L xl/ kf}8]nn] cfˆgf] sfof{nosf] tkm{af6 k|ult
k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd tkm{ efl/t tkm{ (*=**
k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ ((=%! k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf] Joxf]/f
hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leq
sfe|]knf~rf]s / l;Gw'kfNrf]s b'O{ lhNnf /x]sf] ;f] lhNnfdf k|f/lDes
;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof qmdzM !#^$ / ^@% ;d]t hDdf !(*( /x]sf]
/ ;+3 tkm{ qmdzM & / ^ u/L hDdf !# j6f ;+rfngdf /x]sf]
hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf]
;+Vof @&@ j6f /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut
* j6f ;+:yf vf/]hL, @ j6f ;+:yfsf] Plss/0f u/L ! j6f lgdf{0f
ul/Psf], &# j6f ;+:yf gofF btf{ ul/Psf] lyof] . o; l8lehg
sfof{no cGt/ut ?= *&,*&% u}/s/ /fhZj c;'nL ul/Psf] lyof] .
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no dsjfgk'/ M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no
dsjfgk'/sf sfof{no k|dv
' >L eLd axfb'/ kl/of/n] cfˆgf]
sfof{nosf] tkm{af6 k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd
tkm{ efl/t tkm{ !)) k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ !)) k|ltzt k|ult
xfl;n ePsf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs
If]q leq Pp6f dfq lhNnf dsjfgk'/ /x]sf] ;f] lhNnfdf k|f/lDes
;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof %!& /x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{ % j6f ;+rfngdf /x]sf]
hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf]
100
26=
27=
28=
;+Vof ($ j6f /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut
!& j6f ;+:yf vf/]hL, $ j6f ;+:yfsf] Plss/0f u/L @ j6f lgdf{0f
ul/Psf], @$ j6f ;+:yf gofF btf{ ul/Psf] lyof] . o; l8lehg
sfof{no cGt/ut ?= &&,@)) u}/s/ /fhZj c;'nL ul/Psf] lyof] .
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no bf]nvf M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no
bf]nvfsf sfof{no k|d'v >L df]xg clwsf/Ln] cfˆgf] sfof{nosf]
tkm{af6 k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd tkm{ efl/t
tkm{ !)) k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ !)) k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf]
Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leq
bf]nvf / /fd]5fk b'O{ lhNnf /x]sf] ;f] lhNnfdf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L
;+:yfsf] ;+Vof qmdzM %!# / $!@ ;d]t hDdf (@% /x]sf] / ;+3
tkm{ qmdzM ^ / $ u/L hDdf !) j6f ;+rfngdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L
u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof
(( j6f /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut @ j6f
;+:yfsf] Plss/0f u/L ! j6f lgdf{0f ul/Psf], ^& j6f ;+:yf gofF btf{
ul/Psf] lyof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut ?= !,(!,%)) u}/s/
/fhZj c;'nL ul/Psf] lyof] .
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no k;f{ M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no k;f{sf
sfof{no k|dv
' >L z+s/ /fh kf7sn] cfˆgf] sfof{nosf] tkm{af6
k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd tkm{ efl/t tkm{ !))
k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ !)) k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf] Joxf]/f
hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leq Pp6f dfq
lhNnf k;f{ /x]sf] ;f] lhNnfdf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof ^)*
/x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{ # j6f ;+rfngdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] .
To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof %@ j6f /x]sf]
atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut $$ j6f ;+:yfsf] gofF
btf{, !# j6f ;+:yfsf] vf/]hL / ?= !,%%,#)) u}/s/ /fhZj c;'nL
ul/Psf] lyof] .
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no af/f M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no af/fsf
lgldQ sfof{no k|d'v >L d'/f/L k|;fb ltdlN;gfn] cfˆgf] sfof{nosf]
tkm{af6 k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd tkm{ efl/t
tkm{ !)) k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ ((=(* k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf]
Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leq
Pp6f dfq lhNnf af/f /x]sf] ;f] lhNnfdf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf]
;+Vof &%% /x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{ % j6f ;+rfngdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L
101
29=
30=
31=
u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof
%% j6f /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut !* j6f
;+:yf vf/]hL, @ j6f ;+:yfsf] Plss/0f u/L ! j6f lgdf{0f ul/Psf],
&) j6f gofF ;+:yf btf{ ul/Psf] lyof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no
cGt/ut ?= !,)$,))) u}/s/ /fhZj c;'nL ul/Psf] lyof] .
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no /f}tx6 M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no
/f}tx6sf lgldQ sfof{no k|d'v >L dw';'wg pkfWofon] cfˆgf]
sfof{nosf] tkm{af6 k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd
tkm{ efl/t tkm{ (( k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ (( k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n
ePsf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q
leq Pp6f dfq lhNnf /f}tx6 /x]sf] ;f] lhNnfdf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L
;+:yfsf] ;+Vof ^^$ /x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{ % j6f ;+rfngdf /x]sf]
hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf]
;+Vof *^ j6f /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut
!@ j6f ;+:yf vf/]hL, @ j6f ;+:yfsf] Plss/0f u/L ! j6f lgdf{0f
ul/Psf], !!@ j6f gofF ;+:yf btf{ ul/Psf] lyof] . o; l8lehg
sfof{no cGt/ut ?= @@,))) u}/s/ /fhZj c;'nL ul/Psf] lyof] .
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no ;nf{xL M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no
;nf{xLsf sfof{no k|dv
' >L /ljGb| ofbjn] cfˆgf] sfof{nosf] tkm{af6
k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd tkm{ efl/t tkm{ @^=^#
k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ @&=%) k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf] Joxf]/f
hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . nIo cg';f/sf] k|ult xfl;n x'g g;Sg'sf]
d'Vo sf/0f sfof{no ejg lgdf{0f tkm{ ljlgof]lht ah]6 vr{ ug{' kj{
df6f] kl/If0f, gfk gS;f tof/L, nfut cg'dfg tof/L / :jLs[tL,
cy{dGqfnosf] ;xdlt / af]nkq cfXjfg cflb h:tf k|so[ f k'/f ug{
nfdf] ;do nfu]sf]n] ejg lgdf{0f tkm{sf] ah]6 vr{ x'g' g;ls lk|mh
ePsf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] lyof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q
leq Pp6f dfq lhNnf ;nf{xL /x]sf] ;f] lhNnfdf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L
;+:yfsf] ;+Vof *#^ /x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{ $ j6f ;+rfngdf /x]sf]
hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf]
;+Vof &( j6f /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut ^
j6f ;+:yf vf/]hL, #) j6f gofF ;+:yf btf{ ul/Psf] lyof] . o;
l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut ?= %),$%) u}/s/ /fhZj c;'nL ul/Psf]
lyof] .
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no wg'iff M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no wg'iffsf
102
32=
33=
lgldQ sfof{no k|dv
' >L k/d]Zj/ ofbjn] cfˆgf] sfof{nosf] tkm{af6
k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd tkm{ efl/t tkm{ *%=^&
k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ *%=^% k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf] Joxf]/f
hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leq wg'iff,
dxf]Q/L / l;Gw'nL u/L tLg lhNnf /x]sf], tL lhNnfdf k|f/lDes
;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof qmdzM *!), ^&! / $&& ;d]t hDdf !(%*
/x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{ qmdzM %, & / & u/L hDdf !( j6f ;+rfngdf
/x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L
;+:yfsf] ;+Vof @*) j6f /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no
cGt/ut ( j6f ;+:yf vf/]hL, # j6f ;+:yfsf] Plss/0f u/L ! j6f
lgdf{0f ul/Psf], !** j6f ;+:yf gofF btf{ ul/Psf] lyof] . o;
l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut ?= !,(),%)) u}/s/ /fhZj c;'nL
ul/Psf] lyof] .
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no l;/fxf M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no
l;/fxfsf sfof{no k|dv
' >L /]vgfy bfxfnn] cfˆgf] sfof{nosf]
tkm{af6 k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd tkm{ efl/t
tkm{ !)) k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ (&=*% k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf]
Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leq
l;/fxf / ;Kt/L b'O{ lhNnf /x]sf,] tL lhNnfdf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L
;+:yfsf] ;+Vof qmdzM %#$ / %&( ;d]t hDdf !!!# /x]sf] / ;+3
tkm{ qmdzM % / # u/L hDdf * j6f ;+rfngdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L
u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof
!)! j6f /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut !*
j6f ;+:yf btf{ vf/]hL, (^ j6f ;+:yf gofF btf{ / ?= *&,*&% u}/s/
/fhZj c;'nL ul/Psf] lyof] .
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, pbok'/ M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no
pbok'/sf sfof{no k|dv
' >L k'0o k|;fb kf}8]n cfˆgf] sfof{nosf]
tkm{af6 k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd tkm{ efl/t
tkm{ (*=&& k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ ((=(( k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n
ePsf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q
leq pbok'/, vf]6fª, cf]vn9'+uf / ;f]n'v'Da' lhNnfdf k|f/lDes
;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof qmdzM @&), !%^, !#& / %& u/L hDdf ^@)
/x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{ qmdzM #, !, ! / # ;d]t * j6f ;+rfngdf /x]sf]
hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf]
;+Vof (( j6f /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut @
103
34=
35=
36=
j6f ;+:yf Plss/0f u/L ! j6f ;+:yfsf] lgdf{0f ul/Psf], ^% j6f
;+:yf gofF btf{ ul/Psf] / lgis[o ?kdf /x]sf * ;+:yfsf] btf{ vf/]hL
ul/Psf] lyof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut ?= $!,%)) u}/s/
/fhZj c;'nL ul/Psf] lyof] .
;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no, ;'g;/L M o; sfof{no
cGt/ut k|lzIf0f tkm{ o; sfof{nosf] sfo{If]q ;u/dfyf, sf]zL /
d]rL c~rnsf !^ j6f lhNnf / lgodg tkm{ ;'g;/L lhNnf /x]sf] 5
. cf=j= )&)÷&! df ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb| tkm{ efl/t / ljQLo
k|ult qmdzM !)) k|ltzt / !)) k|ltzt /x]sf], ;xsf/L ;'b[9Ls/0f
tkm{ efl/t / ljQLo k|ult qmdzM !)) k|ltzt / !)) k|ltzt
xfl;n ePsf], dlxnf ^!! / k'?if %#@ u/L !!$# hgf
k|lzIffyL{x?nfO{ ljleGg k|sl[ tsf] tflnd k|bfg ul/Psf], ;'g;/L
lhNnfdf %*% j6f ;xsf/L ;+:yf / ljleGg % j6f ;xsf/L ;+3x?
;+rfngdf /x]sf], $@ j6f gofF ;+:yf btf{, $ j6f ;+:yfsf] vf/]hL /
dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof !)) j6f /x]sf] Aoxf]/f hfgsf/L
eof] . pQm cf=j=df sfof{no ejg tyf kl/;/ ;'wf/sf] sfd ;d]t
;DkGg ePsf] Joxf]/f lgldQ k|rfo{ >L u'?eQm >]i7n] atfpg' eof] .
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, wgs'6f M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no
wgs'6fsf sfof{no k|d'v >L uf]/v ld> cfˆgf] sfof{nosf] tkm{af6
k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd tkm{ efl/t tkm{ (^
k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ (^=@) k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf] Joxf]/f
hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leq wgs'6f,
ef]hk'/, ;+v'jf;ef / t]Xy'd lhNnfdf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf]
;+Vof qmdzM @&%, !%&, !!% / !%@ u/L hDdf ^(( /x]sf] / ;+3
tkm{ qmdzM $, #, @ / $ ;d]t !# j6f ;+rfngdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L
u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof
*( j6f /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut !$$
j6f ;+:yf gofF btf{ ul/Psf] / lgis[o ?kdf /x]sf !)* j6f ;+:yfsf]
btf{ vf/]hL ul/Psf] lyof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut ?=
!,!#,^)) u}/s/ /fhZj c;'nL ul/Psf] lyof] .
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no df]/ª M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no df]/ªsf
lgldQ sfof{no k|d'v >L clDasf k|;fb rf}nfufO{n] cfˆgf]
sfof{nosf] tkm{af6 k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd
tkm{ efl/t tkm{ (* k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ (& k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n
ePsf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q
104
37=
38=
leq Pp6f dfq lhNnf df]/ª /x]sf] ;f] lhNnfdf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L
;+:yfsf] ;+Vof !)%! /x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{ * j6f ;+rfngdf /x]sf]
hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf]
;+Vof !## j6f /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut
#) j6f ;+:yf vf/]hL, ** j6f gofF ;+:yf btf{ ul/Psf] / @ j6f
;+:yf Plss/0f u/L Pp6f ;+:yf lgdf{0f ul/Psf] lyof] . o; l8lehg
sfof{no cGt/ut ?= !,@#,!)! u}/s/ /fhZj c;'nL ul/Psf] lyof] .
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no emfkf M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no emfkfsf
sfof{no k|dv
' >L g]q k|;fb l3ld/]n] cfˆgf] sfof{nosf] tkm{af6
k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd tkm{ efl/t tkm{ !))
k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ ((=* k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf] Joxf]/f
hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leq Pp6f dfq
lhNnf emfkf /x]sf] ;f] lhNnfdf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof
&() /x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{ ( j6f ;+rfngdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof]
. To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof !!* j6f /x]sf]
atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut @ j6f ;+:yf vf/]hL, @
j6f ;+:yfsf] x/lx;fj km/kmf/]s u/L lnlSj8]zg] , *@ j6f gofF
;+3÷;+:yf btf{ ul/Psf] / $ j6f ;+:yf Plss/0f u/L @ ;+:yf lgdf{0f
ul/Psf] lyof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut ?= (*,*)) u}/s/
/fhZj c;'nL ul/Psf] lyof] .
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no OnfdM l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no Onfdsf
sfof{no k|dv
' >L dfwj k|;fb kf]v/]nn] cfˆgf] sfof{nosf] tkm{af6
k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd tkm{ efl/t tkm{ ((=!)
k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ !)) k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf] Joxf]/f
hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leq tLg j6f
lhNnf Onfd, kfFry/ / tfKn]hË' lhNnf /x]sf] tL lhNnfdf k|f/lDes
;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof %@@, @!# / !#$ u/L hDdf *^( /x]sf] /
;+3 tkm{ qmdzM %, $ / @ u/L hDdf !! j6f ;+rfngdf /x]sf]
hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf]
;+Vof !!( j6f /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut
@! j6f ;+:yf vf/]hL, % j6f ;+:yfsf] x/lx;fj km/kmf/]s u/L
lnlSj8]zg] , $& j6f gofF ;+3÷;+:yf btf{ ul/Psf] / ?= !,@%,!))
u}/s/ /fhZj c;'nL ul/Psf] lyof] .
105
dfly pNn]lvt ljleGg sfof{nox?af6 sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogsf] qmddf
;du|df lgDgfg';f/sf ;d:of, k|ltlqmof / ;'emfjx? k|fKt ePsf lyP
M

tfnLddf ;xefuLx?n] k|fKt ug]{ eQfsf] gD;{ w]/} k'/fgf ePsf]n]
;do ;fk]If ?kdf k'g/fjnf]sg ug'{ kg]{ .

k'/fgf ;femf / ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] ;DktL, bfloTj lwtf]
;DjGwdf dGqfno / ljefun] cjfZos lg0f{o ug'{ kg]{ .

tfnLd sfo{qmdx?nfO{ qmdzM ljs]Gb|Ls/0f ub}{ n}hfg' kg]{ .

;xefuLx?af6 ;DjlGwt sfof{nox?df hgzlQm tyf ef}lts >f]t
;fwgx?sf] sdL ePsf]n] k'lt{ ug{ cg'/f]w e} cfPsf] lyof] .
sfof{nodf ;jf/L ;fwg, kmlg{r/, sDKo'6/, dN6Ld]l8of, Sofd]/f
cflb ck|ofKt ePsf]n] k'/f ul/lbg Wofgfsif{0f ul/Psf] lyof] .

s[lif ljsf; sfof{non] btf{ u/]sf] ;+:yfsf] /]s8{ cWofjlws ug{
/ lgoldt ug{ sl7gfO{ ePsf] ;d:of .

;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+VofTds j[l4nfO{ lgoGq0f u/L u'0ffTds j[l4df
hf]8 lbg' kg]{ / o;sf nflu btf{ k|s[ofnfO{ Aojl:yt ug{ /
Plss/0fnfO{ k|fT] ;flxt ug{ cfjZos k|so[ f cuf8L j9fpg' kg]{ .

j}bl] zs tfnLd, cWoog e|d0fdf lhNnfaf6 klg ;dfg'kflts
9+un] ;dfj]z ubf{ pko'Qm x'g] .

;kmn ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] cWoog cjnf]sg e|d0f sfo{qmd ;dfj]z
ug'{ kg]{ .

ul/jL lgjf/0f sf]if / o'jf :j/f]huf/ sf]ifsf] sfo{qmd ;xsf/L
dfkm{t sfof{Gjog ug{ ljefu / dGqfnon] ;lqmo kxn / cWoog
ug'{ kg]{ .
106
kfrf} ;q -;dfkg ;q_ M
jflif{s k|ult ;dLIff uf]i7Lsf] ;dfkg ;df/f]x ldlt )&!.$.#)
ut] lbp;f] ^M)) jh] ;xsf/L ljefusf /lhi6«f/ >L lji0f'xl/
kf}8]nHosf] cWoIftfdf ;xsf/L tyf ul/aL lgjf/0f dGqfnosf
pk–;lrj >L afa'/fd e';fn, /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf]
;lrjfnosf sfo{qmd lgb]z
{ s >L Zofd k|;fb e08f/L ;d]tsf
cltlyx?sf] pkl:yltdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmd ;+rfng
ljefusf j=s[lif cy{lj1 lji0f' k|;fb l3ld/n] ug{' ePsf] lyof] .
;dfkg ;qdf >Ldfg /lhi6«f/Hoaf6 pkl:yt ;a} kbflwsf/L
tyf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ;s[o ;xeflutfsf] nfuL wGo lgis[o
;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] vf/]hL, zx/ s]lGb|t / 7'nf artC0f
;xsf/Lsf] ;3g cg'udg, sfddf nfk/jflx ug]{ 7]sbf/nfO{
hl/jfgf, sfof{no ;/;kmfO{ / clen]v Joj:yfkgdf hf]8,
sd{rf/L tflnd, tflnd / cg';GwfgnfO{ Ps};fy cuf8L a9fpg],
ejg lgdf{0fsf] /0fgLlt agfpg], cleofgaf6 k[i7kf]if0f lnP/
sfd ug],{ ;+3x?sf] Ifdtf lasf; ug]{ / :yfgLo lgsfoaf6 ;d]t
;fwg ;|f]t kl/rfng u/L sfd ug{ sfof{no k|d'vx?nfO{ lgb]{zg
lbg'eof] . sfo{qmdsf ;efklt tyf dGqfnosf ;x;lrj >L
/fds[i0f ;'jb] LHo'n] ;a} k|t'tstf{x?sf] k|:t'tL ;'gL;s]kl5 af]l8{Ë
:s'n / ;xsf/LnfO{ t'ngf ub}{ sfg'g pNnª\3g ug]{ hf] sf]lx nfO{
;hfo ug{'kg]{ atfpg' eof] . To;}u/L ;x;lrj ;'j]bLn] l8lehg
sfof{nox?sf] k|:t'tL /fd|f] ePsf]df ;/fxgf ub}{ wGojfb
lbg'ePsf] lyof] eg] Jo?h' z'Go agfpg sfo{of]hgf agfO{
sfofGjog ug{ lgb]z
{ g lbg'eof] . sd{rf/L k|zf;gnfO{ Jojl:yt
ug{ clws[t :t/ eGbf dfyLsf ;a}sf] JolQmut ljj/0f /fVg' kg]{
atfpg' eof] . cGtdf o; ;qsf] ;efkltsf] tkm{af6 ;a}
;xefuLx?nfO{ wGojfb lbb} ;dLIff uf]i7Lsf] ;dfkg ug{'eof] .
k|ult ;dLIffs} qmddf ljefusf /lhi6«f/ >L lji0f'xl/ kf}8]nHon]
dftxtsf lgsfox?df >f]t ;fwgsf] ;d:of /x]sf] cfkm'nfO{
hfgsf/L ePsf] / >f]t ;fwg o'Qm jgfpg ljefu lqmoflzn
ePsf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' x'b} l;ldt >f]t ;fwgsf] dxQd k|of]u
u/L gful/snfO{ ;]jf k|bfg ug{ / ;xsf/L lgodg / k|j4{gdf
v/f] pqg ;xefuLx?nfO{ lgb]z
{ g lbg' eof] . >f]t ;fwgsf]
k|fyldsLs/0f ub}{ cl3 j9\g, pbfx/0fLo sfdx?sf] k|rf/ k|;f/ ug{
/ Innovative sfdx?sf] c? ;dsIfLx?;Fu ;fem]bf/L u/L l;Sg
107
l;sfpg ;d]t lgb]{zg lbg' eof] . ;fy} o; k|sf/sf/ uf]i7L
gLltut ?kdf k[i7kf]if0f ug{ Hofb} pkof]uL x'g] s'/f cf}Nofpg' x'Fb}
uf]i7Lsf] ;f/x? k|ult k|ltj]bgsf] ?kdf ljefuaf6 k|fKt x'g]g}5
eGg] ljZjf; AoQm ug'{ eof] .
108
^=@ ;dLIff uf]i7Lsf k|:t't ul/Psf sfo{kqx?
s_ ;xsf/L ljefu / cGt{utsf sfof{noaf6 cf=j= )&).&! df
;+rflnt sfo{qmdx?sf] jflif{s k|ult k|ltj]bg
lji0f' k|;fb l3ld/]
al/i7 s[lif cy{lj1
g]kfndf ;xsf/Lsf] P]ltxfl;s k[i7e"ld
 ;of} jif{ b]lv ;d'bfodf cfk;L ;xof]u cfbfg k|bfgsf] dfWodsf] ?kdf
kl/lrt ;xsf/L k|0ffnL– l9s'/L, kdf{, u'7L, wd{esf/L, lsk6 cflb .
 ;xsf/L ljefusf] :yfkgf lj=;+= @)!)
 g]kfndf @)!# r}q @) df :yflkt k|yd ;xsf/L ;+:yf - jvfg ;xsf/L
;+:yf _
 ;xsf/L ;+:yf P]g, @)!^ tyf ;xsf/L ;+:yf lgodfjnL, @)!* hf/L
 ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf, @)!(
 ;femf ;+:yf P]g, @)$! tyf ;femf ;+:yf lgodfjnL, @)$# hf/L
 ;xsf/L P]g, @)$* tyf ;xsf/L lgodfjnL, @)$( hf/L
 ;xsf/L ljefu / cGt/utsf sfof{nox?sf] k'gM ;+/rgf
 /fli6«o ;xsf/L gLlt, @)^( hf/L
 ;xsf/L tyf ul/aL lgjf/0f dGqfnosf] :yfkgf, @)^( h]i7 %
g]kfndf ;xsf/Lsf] of]ubfg




s/Lj ^& k|ltzt hgtf s[lifdf cfwf/Lt
s"n u|fx:y pTkfbgdf s[lifsf] of]ubfg s/Lj ## k|ltzt
/fli6|o cy{tGqdf ;xsf/Lsf] of]ubfg # k|ltzt k'u]sf] cg'dfg 5 .
;+:yf ;+Vof #),@%@ ;+3 ##), ;b:o ;+Vof sl/j $$ nfv -$$Ü
dlxnf ;b:o_.
 ljlQo If]qdf ;xsf/L If]qsf] of]ubfg !* k|ltzt /x]sf] cg'dfg 5 .
 ;xs/L If]qjf6 s/Lj ? #%) cj{sf] sf/f]jf/ ;+rfng x'b} cfPsf]5 .
-z]o/ k""hL s/Lj #( cj{, art kl/rfng s/Lj ?=!^# cj{, nufgL s/Lj ?
!%* cj{_
 ;xsf/L If]qaf6 %# xhf/ hgzlQmnfO{ k|ToIf / s/La & nfv
JolQmnfO{ ck|ToIf /f]huf/L .
 Nffvf} hgtfnfO{ pBf]u, Jofkf/, k]zf ,Joj;fo dfkm{t /f]huf/L
 ;fdflhs, ;f:s[lts / hgr]tgfsf] If]qdf ct'ngLo of]ubfg
109








;xsf/L If]qdf ;/sf/sf] pkl:ylt
;xsf/L tyf ul/aL lgjf/0f dGqfnosf] :yfkgf–@)^(
;xsf/L ljefusf] :yfkgf– @)!) -ljefudf xfn #% hgf dfq
sd{rf/Lx?sf] b/jGbL+ Joj:yf /x]sf]_
s]lGb|o ;xsf/L tfnLd s]Gb| !,
If]qLo :t/df ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f l8lehg sfof{no %
-;'g;/L, lrtjg, sf:sL, afFs] / s}nfnL_
l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no ##,
-Onfd, emfkf, wgs'6f, df]/u+ , l;/fxf, pbok'/, wg'iff, ;nf{xL,
bf]nvf, jf/f, k;f{, /f}tx6, dsjfgk'/, sfe|,] g'jfsf]6, wflbË,
sf7df08f}, nlntk'/, eQmk'/, gjnk/f;L, tgx', :ofËhf, kfNkf,
?kGb]xL, jfun'ª, slknj:t', bf+ª, ;'vt{] , jlb{of, sGrgk'/, 8f]6L,
h'Dnf / a}t8L_
/fli6«o ;xsf/L ljsf; jf]8{ -dfggLo dGqLHo"sf] cWoIftfdf_
;xsf/L ljefu
 g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;xsf/L If]qsf] lgodgsf/L lgsfo .
 cf=j=@)^! ;fndf=;xsf/L ljefusf] k'g;+/rgf x'bf ^* lhNnf
;xsf/L sfof{nojf6 #* l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no sfod .
 ljleGg ;xsf/L ;+:yf tyf ;+3x?sf] u7g / ;+rfng Joj:yf .
 g]kfndf ;xsf/L d"No, dfGotf, tyf l;4fGt cg';f/ ;xsf/L
;+:yfx?sf] :yfkgf / ;+rfng u/fpg] lhDd]jf/L .
 ;xsf/L If]qsf] gLlt lgdf{0f, ;+3, ;+:yfx?sf] lgodg, k|j4{g, Ifdtf
ljsf; tyf ;/sf/ / ;xsf/L If]q aLrsf] ;dGjosf/L e"ldsf lgjf{x
ug]{ lgsfo .
110
ljefu / cGtu{t sd{rf/L b/jGbL ljj/0f
kb >]0fL
:jLs[t kbklt{ l/Qm
b/jGbL
s}lkmot
/fhkqf+lst
*^
&$
!#
pk ;lrj :t/–$,
zfvf clws[t :t/–(
/fhkq
cg+lst
#^(
@((
&)
Gffoa;'Aaf–@@,
n]vfkfn–#, ;=n]=kf=–
^, ;=;=lg–@$, s=c=–
!, ;=s=c=–!$
>]0fL ljlxg
!#(
!#(
)
hDdf
%($
%@%
*#
;xsf/L sfof{nosf] Eff}lts cj:yf
 cfkmg} ejg ePsf sfof{no @& -ljefu / s]=;=k|=s] ;d]t_,
 lgdf{0fflwg sfof{no @ -df]/ª / ;nf{xL_,
 ejg gePsf sfof{nosf] ;+Vof !! -l;/xf, sf7df8f}, nlntk'/,
eQmk'/, sfe|,] gjnk/f;L, :ofª\hf, slknj:t', h'Dnf, alb{of, 8f]6L_
 ;jf/L ;fwg !% -uf8L !) j6f rfn', % j6f sfd gnfUg] _
 Dff]6/ ;fO{sn -*) dWo] %( rfn', @! rNg g;Sg]_
 ;j} sfof{nox?df sDKo"6/ tyf kmofS; ;'ljwf
 cg'udg, lg/LIf0f tyf lgodg lgsfosf] nfuL df]6/ ufl8 / cGo
ef}lts ;'ljwfsf] cefj /x]sf]5 .
111
;xsf/L ;DjGwL gLlt, of]hgf / P]g lgod




/fli6«o ;xsf/L gLlt, @)^( :jLs[t ePsf] .
;xsf/L P]gdf /x]sf] lgodgsf/L Joj:yf ckof{Kt /x]sf] 5 .
;xsf/Lsf] u'? of]hgf th'{df gePsf] cj:yf 5 .
cfjlws of]hgf tyf cGo gLltx?df ;d]t ;xsf/Lsf] ;DaGwdf
;fdfGo Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 .
 /fli6«o s[lif gLlt, @)^! tyf s[lif Joj;fo k|jw{g gLlt, @)^$ df
;xsf/L k|j4{g ;DaGwL s]xL k|fjwfg pNn]v 5 .
 ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] btf{ ;xsf/Lsf l;4fGt, d"No / dfGotfdf cfwfl/t
eP/ :jLs[lt lbg] ul/Psf] 5 .
;xsf/L P]g @)$* sf] Joj:yf
 b]zdf s[ifs, sfnLu9, sdk"FhLjfn / lgDg cfoju{ >lds,
e"ldlxg tyf j]/f]huf/ jf ;fdflhs sfo{stf{n] ;j{;fwf/0f
pkef]Qmfsf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ljsf;sf] nfuL kf/:kl/s
;xof]u / ;xsf/Ltfsf] cfwf/df ljleGg lsl;dsf ;xsf/L ;+:yf
tyf ;+3x?sf] u7g / ;+rfng ;DjGwL Joj:yf ug{ jg]sf] P]g .
 P]gdf ;+:yf jf ;+3sf] u7g, ;b:otf, ;+:yf ;+3sf] sfo{;r+ fng
ljlw,/lhi6|f/sf] lgo"lQm / clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg,;+:yf tyf ;+3x?sf]
cfly{s >f]t kl/rfng, Plss/0f / ljefhg, ;"rgf clen]v tyf
lx;fj hf+r, ;+:yf jf ;+3nfO{ 5'6 / ;'ljwf, ;+:yf jf ;+3sf]
lj36g / btf{ vf/]hL / b08 hl/jfgf ;DjGwL Joj:yf /x]sf 5g
.
 ;xsf/L P]g w]/} k'/fgf] ePsf]n] tTsfn ;'wf/sf] vfFrf] 5 .
112
;xsf/L ljefu, sfof{nox?jf6 ;Dkfbg
ug]{ sfdx?M
 ;xsf/L P]g @)$* tyf lgodfjnL @)$( cg';f/ ;Dkfbg ul/g' kg]{
sfdx?
 ;+3÷;+:yfx?sf] btf{ ug]{ .
 ;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yfsf] ljlgdo ;+;f]wg ug]{ .
 ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] lgl/If0f ug]{ .
 ;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yfx?sf] lx;fj tyf ljj/0f bflvnf u/fpg] .
 ;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yfx?sf] n]vf k/LIf0fsf lgldQ n]vf k/LIfs tf]Sg]
.
 ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] Plss/0f jf ljefhg ug]{ .
 ;+:yfx?sf] lj36g / btf{ vf/]h ug]{ .
 ;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yfn] kfpg] 5'6 ;'ljwfsf] l;kmfl/; ug]{ .
 ;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yfsf] lnlSj8]zg ;DjGwL sfo{ ug]{ .
;xsf/L ;+3;+:Yffx?sf] ;+VofTds ljj/0f M
 k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?
 lhNnf ;+3x?
 ljifout lhNnf ;+3x?
 ljifout s]lGb|o ;+3x?
 /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3
 /fli6«o ;xsf/L a}+s
 hDdf
113
#),@%@
^(
@$!
!*
!
!
#),%*@
cf=j )&)÷&! df ;Dkflbt d'Vo d'Vo sfo{x?
 gLlt lgdf{0fdf ;xeflutf -;xsf/L lgodfjnL, @)$( sf] ;+zf]wg
d:of}bf, ;xsf/L ;+3;+:yfsf] ;3g cg'udg ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw, @)&)
sf] d:of}bf, ;xsf/L P]g @)$* sf] ;+zf]wg d:of}bf cfbL_
 /fHoe/ cf=j= @)&)÷&! df &@^ ;+:yf btf{, ;xsf/L pBd k|j4{g
cg'bfg -pRr d'Nosf s[lif j:t' k|zf]wg ^, dlxnfåf/f vfB k|zf]wg ^,
blnt k]zf k|j4{g #, s[lif kmfd{ @*_ #*@ j6f lgis[o ;+:yfsf] btf{
vf/]hL tyf lnSjL8]zg / ;+:yf Plss/0f .
 ;xsf/L k|j4{g / ljsf; ;DalGw uf]i7L ;DkGg -# k6s_, gd'gf lhNnf
;xsf/L k|j4{g sfo{qmd ;+rfng -wgs'6f, bf]nvf, kfNkf, /f]Nkf,
s~rgk'/ / a}t8L_,
 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, wg'iff / /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3sf] ejg
lgdf{0f
 If]qLo :t/df $ j6f ;"rgf Joj:yfkg tyf jh]6÷sfo{s|d th'{df uf]i7L
;DkGg
 g]kfne/ ;+rflnt ;+3÷;+:yfx?sf] tYof+s sDKo'6/ k|0ffnLaf6
cBfjlws u/L g]kfnsf] ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] Plss[t tYof+sLo ljj/0f
tyf lhNNff k|fk] mfon k|sfzg
 ;xsf/L ;r]tgf k'l:tsf, ;xsf/L ;b:o lzIff dfnf, ;xsf/L P]g
lgod tyf dfkb08 ;Fufnf] k|sfzg, ;xsf/L bk0f{ k|sfzg, ;xsf/Lsf]
;+lIfKt kl/ro gfds c+u|]lh k'l:tsf / ;xsf/L a|f];/ k|sfzg, $!*
j6f 7"nf ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;3g cg'udg, :jLs[t jflif{s sfo{qmdsf]
s]Gb| / lhNnf :t/Lo sfo{x? ;DkGg .
 ;xsf/L hfu/0fsf] nflu a[Qlrq lgdf{0f -!_, lhªun lgdf{0f -@_,
>Jo÷b[Zo /]l8of] tyf 6]lnlehgdf k|zf/0f -@!_, ;xsf/L ;"rgf
k|sfzg -#^_ k6s
 sfof{no tyf kl/of]hgf cg'udg lg/LIf0f &% k6s .
 cg'bfg tkm{ ;xsf/L ;fem]bf/Ldf pBf]u :yfkgf ug{ $# j6f ;xsf/L
pBdnfO{ ? ! s/f]8 ##\ nfv, /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3 ;d]tsf] ejg
lgdf{0fsf] nflu ?=! s/f]8 / lzte08f/ lgdf{0fsf] nflu ?= ! s/f]8
cg'bfg ljt/0f .
 ;xsf/L ;'b9[ Ls/0f sfo{qmd tkm{ l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no dfkm{t
*)* k"j{ ;xsf/L lzIff tflndaf6 @),@)) hgfnfO{ Ps lbg] k|lzIf0f
k|bfg, @%* ;xsf/L ;r]tgf tflndaf6 ^$%) hgfnfO{ @ lbg] tflnd
k|bfg / !*$ ;xsf/L n]vf Aoj:yfkg tflndaf6 $^)) hgfnfO{ ^ lbg]
tflnd k|bfg .
 s]=;=k|= s]Gb|jf6 &–#) lbg ;Ddsf] #^ j6f ljleGg tfnLd ;+rfng
u/L ()) hgfnfO{ tflnd k|bfg .
114
cf=j=
2070÷71
sf] efl/t tyf ljlQo k|ult ;f/f+z
qm=
;+=
sfo{qmd
jflif{s
efl/t
k|ult
jflif{s
ljQLo
k|ult
1
;xsf/L ljefu
90=00
96=21
2
;xsf/L If]q ;"b[(Ls/)f c fof]hgf
-352134–3÷4_ -Psd"i&_
90=87
93=5
4
3
;xsf/L k|lzIf)f s]Gb|
99=49
99=2
8
-352133–3÷4_ -Psd"i&_
ah]6 ljlgof]hg tyf pkof]usf] l:ylt -@)&)÷&!_
/sd ? xhf/df
sfo{s|d÷ah]^
pklzif{s
jh]^
ljlgof]hg
jh]^
lgsf;f
ah]^ vr{
vr{
k|ltzt
;xsf/L
If]q
;b[l(s/)f
c fof]hgf
-352134 3÷4_
11,05,40
10,34,02
10,34,02
93=54
;xsf/L k|lzIf)f s]Gb|
-312133 3÷4_
4,89,58
4,86,04
4,86,04
99=28
;fwf/)f
ljefu
- 312017 3÷4_
1,25,70
1,24,64
1,24,64
99=15
;fwf/)f, lhNnf
15,29,91
14,38,12
14,38,12
94=00
-312018 3÷4_
115
;xsf/L ljefuaf6 ;Dkflbt sfo{x? M
qm=
;+
sfo{qmd
nIo
k|ult
k|ltz
t
150
75
50
2
2
100
s_
;xsf/L sfof{no tyf kl/of]hgf cg'udg
v_
;xsf/L >Job[io lgdf0f{ -j[Qlrq tyf lh+un_
u_
;xsf/L >Ao b[Zo ;fdfu|L k|zf/0f -k6s_
21
21
100
3_
;xsf/L ;"rgf ;+kz
|] 0f -k6s_
36
36
100
ª_
ljefu :t/Lo jflif{s k|ult ;ldIff -k6s_
1
1
100
r_
;xsf/L ljefusf] jflif{s k|ult tyf cGo
k':ts,k'l:tsf k|sfzg -uf]6f_
10
8
80
h_
;xsf/L zLt3/ lgdf{0f cg'bfg
2
2
100
em_
cGt{/fli6«o cjnf]sg e|d0f -k6s_
3
3
100
`_
7'nf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] ;3g cg'udg
d"NofÍg
500
41
8
84
6_
jh]6 th'{df tyf ;"rgf Aoj:yfkg If]qLo uf]i7L
4
4
100
7_
;xsf/L k|j4{g uf]i7L –pTkfbg, ;]jf / ljQLo_
3
3
100
8_
sfo{ljlw th'd{ f tyf ;xsf/L gd"gf ljlgod
lgdf{0f
3
3
100
9_
/fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3sf] ejg lgdf{0f cg'bfg
1
1
100
0f_
s[lifhGo ;xsf/L pBf]ux?nfO{ cg'bfg ljt/0f
50
43
86
t_
;xsf/L ljefusf] kl/;/ ;'wf/
1
1
100
y_
;xsf/L ljefu / cGt{ut sfof{n116
osf] nflu
kmlg{r/ vl/b k6s
2
2
100
;=k| tyf l8=sf % / l8=;=sf ## jf6 ;Dkflbt sfo{x?
qm=;+
sfo{qmd
nIo
k|ult
k|ltzt
38
38
100
s[ifs ;dx ;xsf/Ls/0f tyf kj{ ;xsf/L
lzIff
808
808
100
u_
;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] btf{ vf/]h tyf lnlSj8]]zg
309
382
124
3_
;+3 ;+:yx?sf] cg'udg lg/LIf0f -lhNnf:t/_
7878
7738
98
ª_
;xsf/L ;'zf;g / ;dGjosf nflu ;xsf/L
sdL{x?sf] cGt{lqmof
38
38
100
r_
;xsf/L lbj;
38
38
100
h_
;xsf/L hfu/0f ;fdfu|L k|sfzg / ljt/0f tyf
Pkm=Pd= k|zf/0f
114
114
100
em_
;xsf/L ;rgf k|sfzg
152
149
98
`_
;xsf/L ;rgf ;+hfn lj:tf/
38
38
100
6_
nfOg Ph]G;Lsf kbflwsf/L;+u ;xsf/L ljifos
cGt/ls|of
38
38
100
7_
;xsf/L ;r]tgf tfnLd
258
258
100
9_
;xeflutfTds ;xsf/L n]vfkfng tfnLd
184
177
96
0f_
ejg lgdf{0f – /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= /
l8=;=sf= wg'iff
2
2
100
t_
kmlg{r/ vl/b –ljefu, s]=;=k|=s]=–! /
l8=;=sf=–##
35
35
100
y_
;fj{hlgs ;Dkltsf] ;+ef/ - ljefu, bf]nvf,
sf:sL, s}nfnL, df]/ª, pbok'/, bfª, a}t8L,
/f}tx6, g'jfsf]6, kfNkf, s~rgk'/,
12
12
100
s_
;rgf k|ljlwdf cfwfl/t tYof+s Joj:yfkg /
k|sfzg
v_
117
s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|4f/f ;Dkflbt sfo{x? M
;Dkflbt sfo{qmdx?
 k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tflnd -clws[t :t/ sd{rf/Lx?_ !% lbg]
nIo
! -@%_
k|ult
!-@%_
 k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tflnd -;xfos :t/ sd{rf/Lx?_ - !% lbg]_
@-%)_
@-%)_
 pBdlzntf tyf ;xsf/L Joj;fo k|j{4g tflnd - !) lbg]_
@-%)_
@-%)_
 Joj:yfkg lzk ljsf; tflnd - !% lbg] _
@-%)_
@-%)_
 /0fg}lts of]hgf th'{df ;DjGwL tflnd - !) lbg] _
#-&%_
#-&%_
 Joj;flos g]t[Tj ljsf; tflnd - !) lbg] _
@-%)_
@-%)_
 k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tflnd - !% lbg] _
!)-@%)_ !)-@%)_
 ;xsf/L Aoj:yfkg / n]vfkfng tflnd - #) lbg] _
#-&%_
#-&%_
&-!&%_
&-!&%_
#-&%_
#-&%_
 ;+:yfut Ifdtf ljsf; tfnLd -lhNnfdf_ & lbg]
 ;xsf/L n]vfkfng tfnLd -!) lbg]_
 ;xsf/L ;+3;+:yf cg'udg tyf kN;{ cg'udg tfnLd -!) lbg]_
hDdf tfnLd ;+Vof k|lzIffly{
! -@%_
#^ -())hgf_
Dofg'cn, d'vkq / tflnd ;fdfu|L tof/L / k|sfzg -k6s_
cg'udg dNofÍg -k6s_
! -@%_
#^ -()) hgf_
^
^
@&
@&
;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|sf] 9n lgdf{0f ;'wf/
!
!
d]lzg/L vl/b -;+Vof_
!)
!)
;jf/L ;fwg vl/b -a;, sf/_
@
@
;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{nox? - %_ jf6 ;+rflnt tfnLdM
;+rflnt sfo{s|dx?
 cfwf/et ;xsf/L Joj:yfkg tflnd
nIo
@&-^&%_
k|ult
@&-^&%_
 cfwf/et ;xsf/L n]vfkfng tflnd
#$-*%)_
#$-*%)_
 ljifout ;xsf/L clea[l4 tflnd
%-!@%_
%-!@%_
 cfwf/et ;xeflutfTds ;xsf/L n]vfkfng tflnd
@^-^%)_
@^-^%)_
 clen]v Joj:yfkg tflnd
%-!@%_
%-!@%_
 ;xsf/L ;r]tgf
@)-%))_
!(-$&%_
 hDdf
!!& -@(@%_
 5fqjf; lgdf{0f -afFs] / ;'g;/L_
@
118
!!^ -@())_
@
;xsf/L pBf]u k|j4{g M
/sd ? xhf/df
qm=;+
pBf]usf] lsl;d
;+Vof
cg'bfg
s_
lrof sf/vfgf :yfkgf
1
5,00
v_
pv' k|zf]wg pBd -ld7f_
1
3,00
u_
dlxnf 4f/f vfB k|zf]wg pBd
7
17,00
3_
b'Uw k|zf]wg pBd
1
4,00
ª_
s[lif kmfd{ :yfkgf cg'bfg -ufO{, afv|f, a+u'/
/ df5f_
28
90,00
r_
blnt k]zf cfw'lgsLs/0f cg'bfg
3
8,00
5_
cb'jf k|zf]wg
1
3,00
h_
skmL k|zf]wg
1
3,00
43
1,33,00
hDdf
;xsf/L k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f -;xsf/L ;'bl[ 9s/0f sfo{qmd_
qm=;+
pBf]usf] lsl;d
;+Vof
cg'bfg
/sd
s}lkmot
? xhf/df
s_
zLt3/ lgdf{0f
cg'bfg
2
1,00,00
v_
/fli6«o ;xsf/L
;+3sf] ejg lgdf{0f
1
1,00,00
hDdf
3
2,00,00
119
lrtjg /
:of+hf
;xsf/L ljefu / cGtu{tsf] j]?h /sdsf] l:ylt
j]?h' /sd ?
j]?h' ljj/)f
km%of}{^ /sd ?
jf+sL j]?h'
?=
km%of}{^
k|ltzt
0
0
0
0
c f=j= 060÷61
b]lv 067÷68
;Ddsf] j]?h' /sd
1,12,28,000
93,58,000
18,70,000
83=35
c f=j= 2068÷069
df sfod a]?h
57,14,000
4,81,87,000
21,50,000
62=37
hDdf
1,69,42,000
1,29,22,000
40,20,000
76=27
c f=j= 2069÷070 df yk
a]?h
5,48,000
0
5,48,000
–
c f=j= 059÷60
;Ddsf] j]?h' /sd
-d=n]=k=sf] jflif{s
k|ltj]bg 2061_
-d=n]=k=sf] jflif{s
k|ltj]bg 2068_
-d=n]=k=sf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg
2069_
45,68,000
hDdf afsL a]?h'
pknlAw ;DalGw ljj/0f
qm=;=
1=
2=
3=
4=
5=
sfo{qmd
pknlAw
;d'x ;xsf/Ls/0f tyf kj{
;xsf/L lzIff tflnd
;+rfng
;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;3g
cg'udg
;xsf/L ;b:ox?sf] Ifdtf
ljsf;
*)* j6f ;dxx? ;xsf/Ls/0f u/L @)@))
hgfnfO{ Ps lbg] kj{ ;xsf/L tflnd dfkm{t
;xsf/Lsf] u7g ;DalGw 1fg pknAw u/fO{Psf] .
$!* j6f ;+:yfx?sf] ;3g cg'udgaf6 ;xsf/L
;'zf;gdf ;'wf/ ePsf] .
s]=;=k|=s]=af6 #^ / ;=k|=l8=sfaf6 !!^ ;d]t !%@
j6f tflnd ;~rfngaf6 #,*)) hgf JolQmx?nfO{
tflnd k|bfg
lrof, b'Uw, dx, vfB k|zf]wg / ufO{, afv|f, df5f
tyf a+u'/kfng Pjd\ blntsf] k]zf cfw'lgsLs/0f
ug{ $# j6f pBd k|j{4gdf ;xof]u k'u]sf] .
$ j6f ejg lgdf{0f ePsf] . wg'iff, jfs], ;'g;/L /
/fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3sf] s]Gb|Lo ejg_
;xsf/L pBd k|j4{ g ;/sf/–;xsf/L ;fem]bf/L
sfo{qmd ;+rfng_
;xsf/L sfof{nosf] ef}lQs
kjf{wf/ lgdf{0f
120
6=
;xsf/L ;r]tgf tyf n]vf
;+jGwL Ifdtf clej[l4
tfnLd
;xsf/L ;+3;+:yf btf{
-;+3– @^, ;+:yf– &@^_
7=
8=
lgis[o ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf]
btf{ vf/]hL
l8=;=sf=:t/af6 $#% j6f tflnd ;+rfng u/L
!),*&% hgf JolQmnfO{ 5f]6f] ;dosf] tflnd k|bfg
&%@ j6f gofF ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] u7g u/L
;b:ox?aLr cfly{s, ;fdflhs ;zlQms/0fdf
of]ubfg .
#*@ j6f ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] btf{ vf/]h u/L ;xsf/L
lgodg tyf ;'zf;g k|efjsf/L agfpg] sfd ePsf]
.
;d:ofx?M
;/sf/L lgodg / k|zf;g tkm{ M
 gLlt, of]hgf / ah]6 sfo{qmd aLr c;dfgh:otf .
 lkmtnf] ;xsf/L P]g, lgod / lgb]{lzsfsf] sf/0f b08lxgtf .
 ;j} lhNnfdf sfof{no gePsf] -xfn #* lhNnfdf sfod_
 hgzlQm b/aGbL sdL -sfdsf] t'ngfdf %($ sf] b/aGbL Hofb} sd_
 kbklt{df sdL –xfn klg b/jGbL cg';f/ !# clws[t / &) hgf ;xfos sd{rf/L
;d]t *# hgfsf] kb klt{ gePsf] cj:yf 5 .
 hgzlQm pTk|]/0fsf] sdL, Ifdtf cefj, ljsf; sfo{qmdsf] sdL .
 hgzlQm , ef}lts tyf ljlQo ;fwgsf] sdL .
;xsf/L If]q ljsf; tkm{
 ;xsf/L l;4fGt, P]g, lgod / ljlgod kfngfdf pbfl;gtfsf sf/0f ;xsf/L ;'zf;g
sfod ug{df ;d:of .
 ;xsf/Lsf ;b:ox?nfO{ ;xsf/Ltfsf] lzIff tyf 1fgsf] sdL .
 ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] k|efjsf/L lgodg ug{ sfggsf] cefj .
 ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] cg'udg tyf lg/LIf0fsf] nfuL hgzlQm, ;fwg>f]t / kjf{wf/sf]
cefj .
 ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?df pBdlzntf / Joj;flos Ifdtfsf] sdL .
 k'/fgf ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf ;DklQ tyf bfloTj km/kmf/sdf ;d:of .
 ;+:yf ;+rfnsx?df OdfGbf/Ltf tyf Jofj;foLstfsf] sdL .
r'gf}tLx?M









;xsf/L If]q dfkm{t ul/aL lgjf/0f .
lgodg, lgoGq0f, cg'udg / :jMcg'zf;g jLrsf] vf8n .
;xsf/Ltfsf] ljZj;lgotf / ;b:ox?sf] lxt ;+/If0f .
;Lldt ef}lts tyf dfgjLo >f]tjf6 Jofks If]qsf] lhDd]jf/L .
;xsf/L If]qdf u}/ ;b:o;+u sf/f]jf/ ;+rfng / ckf/bzL{ sf/f]jf/ .
;Lldt hgzlQm / gjzlQmzfnL ;+:yfx?sf] Joj:yfkg aLrsf] tfbfTDotf .
;/sf/L, ;xsf/L, u}/;/sf/L If]q jLrsf] ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ .
;b:ox?sf] ;+Vof / ;xsf/L lzIff, r]tgfsf] :t/ tyf Joj:yf .
Zfx/L If]qdf art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] btf{ / lgodgsf] rfk .
121
r'gf}tL ;dfwfgsf pkfox?M











;du| / If]qut ;xsf/L gLlt tyf of]hgf / cfjlws sfo{qmd th{df .
dGqfno tyf ljefu / cGtu{tsf] ;+u7g k'g/fjnf]sg .
hgzlQm Joj:yf, pTk|]/0ff, kof{Kt ef}lts ;'ljwf / ljlQo Joj:yf .
;xsf/L P]g, lgod tyf lgb]{lzsfx?df ;fdlos ;+zf]wg / gof+ th'{df
;+3 ;+:yf lgl/If0f tyf cg''udgsf] dfkb08 / ;+:yfut Joj:yf .
;xsf/L lzIff, r]tgf / hfu/0f tyf tflnddf gof+ ;f]r .
;xsf/L pBd ljsf;sf] nfuL PPCP cjwf/0ff cjnDag .
;xsf/L If]qsf] ljsf; / k|j4{gsf nflu gLltut k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f .
;xsf/L pBdsf] k|j4{g / pTkfbg tyf /f]huf/L clej[l4 .
;xsf/L cleofg / g]kfn ;/sf/aLrsf] ;xsfo{, lhDd]jf/L / hjfkmb]lxtf .
;xsf/L lzIff, tfnLd / ;rgfsf] kx'r lj:tf/ .
122
kl/R5]b &
n]v /rgf
&=!_ ;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yfsf] lgodg tyf cg'udgdf b]lvPsf
;d:of / ;dfwfgsf pkfo
lji0f'xl/ kf}8]n
♣
;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yfx? ;fd'lxs Joj;fo jf pBd jf cfly{s
lgsfox? (Economic Entities) x'g\ . ;xsf/L Aoj;fodf dflns,
;+rfns, ljt/s / pkef]ustf{ ;j} o;df ;+nUg ;b:ox? g} x'g .
;b:ox?sf] lxt g} ;xsf/L Joj;fosf] Wo]o (Mission) klg xf] .
;b:ox?sf] cfjZostf / rfxgf adf]lhd ;+3;+:yfsf] lgdf{0f x'G5 .
;b:ox?sf] lxtnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ ;xsf/L pBd Joj;fosf] 5gf}6
ul/G5 . ;xsf/L pBdaf6 cfly{s ultljlw k|efjsf/L pjd\ sfo{bIf
agfpgsf] nflu Joj:yfkgsf ljleGg cf}hf/x? k|of]u ul/G5 .
Joj:yfkgsf ljleGg cf}hf/x? dWo] lgodg, tfnLd / cg'udg k|d'v
cf}hf/x? x'g\ . lgodg, tfnLd / cg'udg ;xsf/L ljefu nufotsf
lgoldt sfo{x? x'g\ . lgodg sfo{ cGt/ut ;+3 ;+:yf btf{, lj36g,
lnSjL8]zg, ljefhg, PsLs/0f, b08hl/jfgf, 5'6 ;'ljwf cflb sfd
;dfj]z x'G5g eg] tfnLd cGt/ut ;xsf/L ;+3;+:yfsf ;+rfns,
sd{rf/L / ;b:ox?sf] Ifdtf ljsf;sf sfdx? kb{5g . cg'udgaf6
;+:yfut ;"rgf k|0ffnLnfO{ cBfjlws u/L ;/f]sf/jfnf, lg0f{ostf{ /
lgodgsf/L lgsfonfO{ cfjZostf cg';f/ ;'rgf pknAw u/fpg]
sfd ul/G5 .
;xsf/L ;+3;+:yfx? :jfoQ / :jtGq x'G5g\ . ;/sf/n]
;xhstf{ / pTk|]/ssf] sfd ub{5 . ;b:ox? dWo]af6 k|hftflGqs
tj/n] ;+rfns ;ldlt, n]vf ;ldlt nufotsf cGo pk;ldltsf
kbflwsf/Lx?sf] rog u/L ;+3;+:yf ;+rfng / cfGtl/s lgoGq0f
k|0ffnLsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf]n] ;xsf/LnfO{ Pp6f :jlgodgsf/L (Self
regulatory) lgsfosf] ?kdf JofVof ul/G5 . ;xsf/L P]g / ;xsf/L
lgodfjnLsf] kl/kfngf ug's
{ f] ;fy} k|To]s ;+3;+:yfx?n] cf–cfˆgf]
♣
/lhi6«f/, ;xsf/L ljefu .
123
5'§f5'§} ljlgod :jLs[t u/L nfu' u/]sf x'G5g\ . cfˆgf] Joj;flos
sfo{k|s[lt cg';f/ ;+:yfsf] ljlgod;+u gjflemg] u/L ;fwf/0f ;efaf6
pkljlgod tyf gLltx? kfl/t u/L nfu' ug{ ;lsg] x'bF f ;b:ox?åf/f
g} ;+3;+:yfsf] ultjlw k|efjsf/L ?kdf cg'udg x'g ;Sb5 . ;xsf/L
P]g, @)$* / ;xsf/L lgodfjnL, @)$( cg';f/ lgodgsf/L
lgsfojf6 lglZrt sfo{ If]q leq a:g] @% hgf g]kfnL gful/s
;b:ox?sf] ?kdf ;+ul7t eO{ ;+:yf u7g ug{ ;Sg] clwsf/ k|Tofe"t
u/]sf]n] ;xsf/Lsf] btf{ k|so[ f ;xh / ;/n ePsf] sf/0f ;+3;+:yfsf]
;+Vof / sf/f]jf/ ;d]t a[l4 x'g k'u]sf] b]lvG5 . Pp6f uf+pdf Pp6f
dfq ;xsf/L ePdf k'Ug] cj:yfdf w]/} ;+Vofdf ;xsf/L ;+:yf u7g
x'g k'u]sf 5g . sfg"gn] k|Tofe"t u/]sf] clwsf/nfO{ lgodgsf/L
lgsfon] /f]Sg / c:jLsf/ ug{ ;Sg] cj:yf 5}g\ . ;+:yf ;b:ox?sf]
;lqmotf / ;+3;+:yfdf ul7t ;ldlt tyf pk;ldltsf] sfo{
k|efjsfl/tfn] cfGtl/s lgoGq0fnfO{ dhj't agfpg ;Sg] k|r/'
;+efjgfx? /x]sf] ePtf klg g]kfnsf] ;xsf/L cleofgdf JolQmut
?kdf ;b:ox?sf] lg:s[otf / ;f+u7flgs ?kdf ;ldlt tyf
pk;ldltx?sf] nfk/jfxLn] ubf{ ;du| ;xsf/L If]q Pp6f hf]lvdsf]
Joj;fo jGg k'us
] f] dxz'; ePsf] 5 . cfd hgtf tyf ;b:ox?af6
;+slnt artsf] ;'/Iff clxn]sf] k|d'v r'gf}tL aGg k'u]sf] 5 . s]xL
;xsf/L ;+:yfsf ;~rfnsx?sf] nfk/jfxLaf6 xhf/f}sf] ;+Vofdf
lgIf]kstf{÷artstf{x?n] 7luPsf] dxz'; u/L ;/sf/ ;dIf ph'/L
btf{ u/fPsf] cj:yf 5 .
;xsf/L ljefusf] ;+u7g ;+/rgf ;fgf] / sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;+Vof
;d]t yf]/} 5 . ;j} lhNnfdf ;xsf/Lsf sfof{nox? :yfkgf eO{ ;]jf
k|jfx / kx'r lj:tf/ x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ;j} lhNnfdf ;xsf/L sfof{no
lj:tf/sf] dfu ePtf klg gLltut / sfg"gL cj/f]wsf sf/0f gof+
sfof{no yk x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . o; kl/k|I] odf ;xsf/L ljefu Pp6f
lgodgsf/L lgsfo ePsf] gftfn] ;fj{hlgs If]qdf p7]sf ;jfnx?sf]
hjfkm lbg' kg]{ x'Fbf s]xL k|ltlglw ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;3g cg'udg
u/L sf/f]jf/;+u ;DjlGwt tYof+Í / ;'rgfx? ;+sng, ljZn]if0f /
JofVof ug'{ kg]{ cj:yf ;[hgf ePsf] 5 . jt{dfg cj:yfdf ?=kf+r
s/f]8 eGbf j9Lsf] sf/f]jf/ ug]{ ;+3;+:yfx?sf] ;3g cg'udg
ljefujf6 / ?= Ps s/f]8 b]lv kf+r s/f]8 ;Ddsf] sf/f]jf/ ug]{
;+3;+:yfx?sf] ;3g cg'udg l8lehg sfof{nox?jf6 x'b} cfPsf] 5 .
124
;xsf/L nufot cGo Joj;fo tyf kl/of]hgfsf] cg'udg ubf{
;fwf/0ftof lgDgfg';f/ tLg lsl;dsf] cg'udg ug{ ;lsG5 M
1= ;fwg ;|ft
] sf] cg'udg (Inputs monitoring_,
2= k|ltkmn cg'ug (Outputs monitoring),
3= k|sofut cg'udg (Process monitoring)
;fwg>f]t kl/rfng / k|ltkmn ljt/0fsf] cg'udg cGtl/s ?kdf
;xsf/L sfof{nojf6 / ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 ljz]if u/L k|sofut
cg'udg (Process monitoring) nfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fvL k|rlnt l;4fGt,
d'No, P]g sfg'g, gLlt / ;+:yfsf] ljlgod tyf :jLs[t sfo{qmd
adf]lhd ;+3;+:yf ;~rfng eP÷gePsf] hfFr ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
pNn]lvt s'/fx?sf] cltl/Qm ljleGg ;dodf hf/L ePsf kl/kq,
lgb]{zg / dfkb08df pNn]lvt a'Fbfx?nfO{ ;'rsf+s (Indicators) sf]
?kdf pkof]u u/L ;+:yfsf] ultljlwsf] r]s hfFr u/L cg'udg
sfo{nfO{ cuf8L a9fpg' kb{5 .
;xsf/L lgodg / cg'udgsf qmddf b]lvPsf d'Vo ;d:ox? M
!=
@=
#=
$=
clwsf+z ;xsf/L ;+3;+:yfn] cGt/f{li6«o l;4fGt / k|rlnt
d"NodfGotf, k|rlnt P]g, lgodfjnL / ;+3;+:yfsf] cfˆg}
ljlgod ljkl/t sfo{ If]q eGbf jflx/ uO{ u}/ ;b:o;+u art
tyf C0f sf/f]jf/ u/]sf] b]lVfG5 .
l;ldt JolQmx?n] z]o/df w]/} nufgL ug]{ t/ art ;+sng /
C0f nufgL k|of]hgsf nflu ?=!)) j/fj/sf] Ps lsQfsf]
z]o/ ;b:o -sf/f]jf/L ;b:osf] bhf{_ agfO{ sf/f]jf/ ug]{ u/]sf]
b]lvG5 .
;xsf/L ;+:yfx?df] Ps hgfn] dfq ;fwf/0f ;efsf] lg0f{o
cg';f/ k|jGw ;+rfnssf] ?kdf tna eQf ;'ljwf lng kfpg]df
k|foM ;j} ;+rfngsx? / n]vf ;ldltsf ;b:ox?n] ;d]t
dfl;s tnj, eQf / cGo ;'ljwfx? lng] u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
;xsf/L ;+:yfx? afx\o lgoGq0f / cg'udg eGbf k|hftflGqs
cfGtl/s lgoGq0f k4ltaf6 ;+rfng x'g' kg]{df clwsf+z
;+:yfx?sf ;b:ox?sf] lg:s[otfsf] sf/0f ;+rfnsx?n]
dgf]dfgL 9+un] ;+:yf ;+rfng u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
125
%=
^=
&=
*=
(=
!)=
!!=
!@=
!#=
!$=
;+:yf ;+rfng / :jlgodsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ ljleGg gLlt
Pj+ ljlgodfjnL tof/ gu/]sf], cfGtl/s lgoGq0f k|0ffnLnfO{
dha't agfpg cfjZos kg]{ ;ldlt, pk–;ldltx? u7g
gu/]sf], cfGtl/s n]vf k/LIf0fsf nflu n]vf ;ldlt ;s[o
gePsf] b]lvG5 .
dfkb08 cg';f/ ;b:ox?sf] z]o/ / artsf] cg'kfg !M!)
x'g'kg]{df ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ cfsif{s lj1fkg / pkxf/sf] sfo{qmd
;+rnfg u/L ;f] eGbf a9L art /sd ;+sng u/]sf] .
;fdfGotof # jif{;Ddsf] cjlw ;Ddsf] cfjlws art vftf
;+rfng ug{ ;lsg] k|fjwfg ljkl/t % jif]{ jf ;f] eGbf a9L
;dosf] d'4tL vftf vf]Ng nufO{ cToflws art /sd ;+sng
ug]{ u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
;b:ox?sf] artnfO{ l56f] l56f] cfDbfgL ug]{ If]qdf C0f
nufgL ug'{kg]{df ;+rfnsx?sf] lghL :jfy{ ePsf] Joj;fo jf
sDkgLdf c;'/lIft nufgL ug]{ u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
3/hUuf h:tf cg'Tkfbs If]qdf tTsflng kmfObfsf nflu 7'nf]
/sd nufgL u/]sf] b]lvG5 . xfn 3/hUufdf cfPsf] dGbLn]
o:tf ;xsf/L ;+:yfdf /x]sf] ;j{;fwf/0fsf] art hf]lvddf
/x]sf] b]lvG5 .
Ps k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfn] csf]{ ;dfg:t/sf] ;xsf/L
;+:yfdf art hDdf ug'{ gx'g]df clwsf+z ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?n]
;dfg:t/sf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?df art hDdf ug]{u/]sf] kfO{G5 .
clwsf+z ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?n] ljleGg a+s
} tyf ljlQo
;+:yfx?sf] z]o/df nufgL u/]sf] / xfn z]o/ ahf/ dGbL /x]sf]
cj:yfdf o:tf] nufgL hf]lvddf /x]sf] b]lvG5 .
dfkb08 cg';f/ jf n]vfsf] ;fdfGo l;4fGt cg';f/ Jofh
vr{nfO{ Accrual / Jofh cfDbfgLnfO{ Cash Basis df
n]vf+sg ug'{kg]{df ;f] gu/L s]xL ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?n] gubdf
k|fKt gePsf] JofhnfO{ cfDbfgL hgfO{ nfef+z ljt/0f ub}{
cfPsf] b]lvG5 .
dfkb08 cg';f/ shf{sf] juL{s/0f u/L C0f hf]lvd sf]ifdf
/sd 5'6\6fpg' kg]{df g5'6\6fO{ s[lqd cfDbfgL b]vfO{ clwsf+z
;xsf/L ;+:yfx?n] nfefz+ ljt/0f ug]{ u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
k|rlnt dfkb08 cg';f/ ;+:yfn] jrt lbg] / C0fdf lng]
Jofhb/sf] cGt/ cf}iftdf ^ k|ltzt eGbf j9L x'g' gx'g]df
126
clwsf+z ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?n] artdf sd Jofh lbg] / C0fdf
a9L Jofh lng] lnO{ ;b:o ;]jf eGbf gfkmf d'ns k|a[lQ /x]sf]
b]lvG5 .
!%= ljlgoddf Aoj:yf eP cg';f/ v"b art jf gfkmfjf6 v8f ug'{
kg]{ sf]ifx?df 5'6\6O{Psf] /sd tt\ tt\ k|of]hgdf vr{ n]Vg'
kg]{df cfkm" v';L vr{ n]v]sf] b]lvG5 . ;+/lIft k"+hL lkmtf{
sf]ifdf 5'6\6O{Psf] /sd sf/f]jf/sf] cwf/df ;b:ox?nfO{
k|ltkmnsf] ?kdf ljt/0f ug'{ kg]{df ;f] geO{ l;ldt ;b:o /
;+rfnsx?n] ;+:yfsf] gfkmf z]o/ nfef+zsf] ?kdf pkof]u ug]{
u/]sf] kfOof] .
!^= 7'nf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] ;DkQL tyf bfloTjsf] u'0ffTds /
k|efjsf/L Joj:yfkg gePsf] x'bF f bL3{sfndf t/ntf hf]lvd
x'g;Sg] ;Defjgf /x]sf] b]lvG5 .
!&= vf; vf; JolQmx? ldln ljleGg gfdsf km/s km/s :yfgdf
;xsf/L ;+:yf vf]Ng] u/]sf] / ;dfgfGt/ k|f/lDes ;xsf/L
;+:yfx?df cGt/ ;xsf/L sf/f]jf/sf] gfpdf clgoldt sf/f]jf/
ug]{ k|j[lQ ePsf]n] s'g} Ps ;+:yfdf k/]sf] ;d:ofn] cGo
;xsf/Ldf klg c;/ kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .
;dfwfgsf pkfox?
• ;xsf/L P]gdf kl/dfh{g / ;+zf]wg u/L ljlQo sf/f]jf/ ug]{
;xsf/Lx?nfO{ ljlQo ck/fw ;DjlGw a}lsË s;'/ ;/xsf]
sf/jfxLsf] k|fjwfg ;dfj]z x'g' kg]{ .
• ;xsf/L btf{ lgodgnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ ljBdfg dfkb08nfO{
;dofg's'n ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ .
• cg'udg ;DjlGw 5'6\6} lgodfjnL tof/ x'g'kg]{ .
• cg'udgsf nflu kof{Kt ah]6 / bIf k|fljlws hgzlQmsf]
Joj:yf x'g'kg]{ .
• l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{nox?sf] lj:tf/ x'g' kg]{ .

127
&=@_ ;xsf/L pBd Aoj;fo k|j4{gdf cg'bfgsf] dxTj / cf}lrTotf
lji0f' k|;fb l3ld/]
a=s[lif cy{lj1
AolQmx? jLrsf] ;xsfo{jf6 ;xsf/L k|0ffnLsf] hGd x'G5 .
AolQmx? ldn]/ cfkm'x?;+u ePsf] ;fwg >f]t ;+sng / kl/rfng u/L
;fd'lxs ?kdf Aoj;fo ug]{ dfWod xf] ;xsf/L . Ps tkm{ ;xsf/L
cfly{s ;fdflhs k|0ffnL xf] eg] csf{] tkm{ of] ;fd'lxs :jfldTjdf
;+rflnt pBd xf] . of] pBd ;b:ox?4f/f ;+rflnt / lgolGqt x'G5 .
jblnbf] ljZj kl/j]z cg';f/ h;/L cfh dflg; Ps ;fdflhs k|fl0f
dfq g/x]/ cfly{s k|fl0f aGg k'u]sf] 5 To;} u/L ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?
klg ;fdflhs ;+:yf dfq g/x]/ cfly{s ;+:yf ;d]t aGg k'u]sf 5g .
To;}n] ;xsf/L ;+:yfnfO{ Pp6f pBd÷Aoj;fosf] ?kdf kl/eflift ug{
yflnPsf] 5 . x/]s pBd Aoj;fo k|ltkmn k|flKtsf] nflu ;+rfng
ul/Psf] x'G5 . ;xsf/L Aoj;fo leq ;fdflhs pQ/bfloTj ;lxtsf
cfly{s ls|ofsnfkx? ;+rfng ul/Psf x'G5g . Aoj;fodf a:t' / ;]jfsf]
pTkfbgsf] ;fy} ljlgdo dfkm{t :jldTj x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] x'G5 .
Aoj;fo ;+rfngdf nufgLsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . nufgL ug{ artsf]
cfjZostf kb{5 . nufgLstf{x?n] k|ltkmnsf nflu Joj;flos sf/f]jf/
;+rfng u/]sf x'G5g . pgLx?n] sf/f]jf/df of]ubfg u/]sf] cfwf/df
ljQLo k|ltkmnsf] ?kdf d'gfkmf / ;fdflhs k|ltkmnsf] ?kdf ;fdflhs
z'/Iff, lzIff, ;'rgf, ckgTj / :g]x k|fKt u/]sf x'G5g .
g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;xsf/ dfkm{t Aoj;fo k|j4{gsf] gLlt lnPsf] 5 . x/]s
;xsf/L ;+:yfnfO{ Ao;flos ?kdf cufl8 a9fpg] / To; dfkm{t cfo
ch{g / /f]huf/L a[l4 u/L ;b:ox:sf] hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ Nofpg] ;/sf/L
gLlt /x]sf] 5 . ;xsf/Ltfsf] ljsf;nfO{ lbuf] jgfpg ;+:yfx?nfO{
Aoj;flos jgfpg' kb{5 . ;b:ox?af6 cfkm\gf] Ifdtf cg';f/
;xsf/Lsf] z]o/ vl/baf6 k'FhL ;+sng u/L pTkfbg / jhfl/s/0f
sfo{df nufgL ug'{ kb{5 . ;xsf/L Aoj;fodf w]/} AolQmx?sf] ;fd'lxs
nufgL ePsf] x'G5 . z]o/ nufgL u/L ;b:otf lnO{ ;s] kl5 k|To]s
;b:o ;+:yfsf] b}lgs sf/f]jf/df ;+nUg x'g' kb{5 . ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf
;b:ox?n] nufgL cg';f/sf] k|ltkmnsf] ;fy} cfO{ kg]{ hf]lvdx?sf]
;fdgf ;d]t cfkm}+ ug'{ kb{5 .
128
;xsf/L Aoj;fodf nufgLstf{, ;+rfns, pTkfbs, ljt/s, cfk'lt{stf{,
pkef]Qmf / dflns klg ;b:ox? x'g] x'bF f ;xsf/L Aoj;fodf lgoGq0f /
/]vn]vsf] lhDdf klg pgLx?sf] g} x'G5 . ;xsf/L Pp6f ;b:o lgolGqt
Aoj;fo xf] . ;xsf/L Aoj;fon] pTkfbg ug]{ j:t' / ;]jfn] cGo lghL
If]qsf] pTkfbg / jhf/ ;Fu k|lt:kwf{ ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 . ;dfhdf cfjZos
j:t' / ;]jfsf] lg/Gt/ cfk'lt{ ug]{ ;Gbe{df lghL If]qn] cltl/Qm
d'gfkmfsf] nflu s[ltd cefjsf] ;[hgf u/L d'No j[l4 u/]sf] jf
sfnf]jhf/L u/]sf] kfO{G5 . s[ltd cefj / sfnf]jhf/LnfO{ xtf]T;flx ug{
/ pkef]Qmfx?nfO{ u'0ffTds j:t'÷;]jf plrt =d'Nodf cfk'lt{ ug{
;xsf/L Aoj;fosf] cToGt dxTjk'0f{ e'ldsf /x]sf] x'G5 . Aoj;flos
sf/f]jf/ ;+rfng u/L ;dfhdf /f]huf/L ;[hgf ug{ ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf]
of]ubfg dxTjk'0f{ x'G5 . ljZjdf cfh ;xsf/L Aoj;fox?n] ax'/fli6«o
sDkgL eGbf @) k|ltzt j9L /f]huf/L ;[hgf u/]sf 5g\ . ljZjdf
;xsf/L Aoj;fo j[l4b/ !$Ü /x]sf] cg'dfg 5 . ;xsf/L cGt{ut
ljleGg Aoj;fox? ;+rfng ePsf 5g\ . vf;u/L ljQ Aoj;fodf hd{gL
/ k|mfG;sf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? cu|:yfgdf /x]sf 5g\ . ljZjdf s[lif
Aoj;fo ;Fu ;DjlGwt pTkfbg d'ns ;xsf/Lsf] ;+Vof cToflws /x]sf]
5 . hfkfg, sf]/Lof, ef/tdf s[lif ;xsf/L Aoj;fosf] /fd|f] ljsf;
ePsf] 5 . l5d]ls d'n's ef/tdf b'Uw ;xsf/Lsf] gd'gfsf] ?kdf cd'n
tyf lqd'n /x]sf 5g\ eg] /f;folgs dn pTkfbgdf IFFOC n]
dxTjk'0f{ :yfg lnPsf] 5 . To;} u/L ef/tsf] lrgL pTkfbgdf
;xsf/Lsf] of]ubfg sl/j ^)Ü /x]sf] cg'dfg 5 . pNn]lvt ;xsf/L
Aoj;foaf6 :yfgLo txdf /fd|f] cfo cfh{g / /f]huf/Lsf] ;[hgf ePsf]
5.
g]kfndf ljQLo ;xsf/Lsf] ;+Vof cToflws /x]sf]5 . h'g;'s} ju{sf]
;xsf/L ;+:yf ePtf klg cfkm\gf ;b:ox? jLr art tyf C0fsf]
sf/f]jf/ ;+rfng ePsf 5g\ . s[lif k]zf ;Fu ;FjlGwt s[lif, t/sf/L
kmnkm'n, h'gf/, slkm, lrof, dx, pv', hl8j'6L, b'Uw cflbdf klg
Aoj;flos pTkfbg eGbf art tyf C0fsf] sf/f]jf/ tkm{ ;+:yfx? j9L
pT;flxt /x]sf 5g\ . Tof] k|j[ltdf kl/jt{g u/L Aoj;flos pTkfbg,
k|zf]wg / jhfl/s/0f tkm{ ;DjlGwt If]qsf] Wofg hfg' h?/L 5 . g]kfn
;/sf/n] P3f/f}+ cfjlws of]hgf b]lv Aoj;fo k|j4{gsf] nflu pTkfbg
d'ns ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?n] ;+rfng ug]{ Aoj;fox?df d]lzg/L cf}hf/
nufotsf] k'FhLut vr{df %)Ü ;Dd cg'bfg lbg] gLlt lnPsf] 5 .
129
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] C0f ;xof]udf dWo klZrdf~rn If]qsf] sf]xnk'/
jfFs]df #))) d]=6g Ifdtfsf] zLt3/ lgdf{0f eO{ ;+rfngdf /x]sf] 5
eg] klZrdf~rnsf] :of+hf / dWofdf~rnsf] lrtjgdf ;/sf/ ;xsf/L
;xsfo{df zLt3/ lgdf{0fsf sfd z'? ePsf] cj:yf 5 .
g]kfn cfh klg Pp6f s[lif k|wfg d'ns
' sf] cj:yfdf u'h|b} cfPsf] 5 .
o; If]qn] sl/j ^& k|ltzt hgtfnfO{ /f]huf/L k|bfg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .
/f]huf/Lsf] nflu pTkfbglzn o'jf hgzlQm ljb]z knfog ePsf] sf/0f
u|fdL0f If]qdf s[lif Aoj;fo k|lt c?lr b]lvPtf klg zx/L If]q ;Fu
hf]l8Psf c;kf;sf If]qx?df s[lifsf] Aoj;flos pTkfbg z'? ePsf]
cj:yf 5 . g]kfndf &% k|ltzt eGbf j9L kl/jf/ ;Fu ! x]S6/ eGbf
sd hldg ePsf] sf/0f s[lif If]qdf olGqs/0f / Aoj;flos/0fsf] sfo{
sl7g b]lvG5 . o; kl/k|]Iodf ;xsf/L v]tL tyf pTkfbg k|0ffnL Pp6f
/fd|f] ljsNk x'g ;Qm5 . hldg gx'g]x?n] klg ;xsf/Ldf ;+ul7t eO{
;xsf/L pTkfbg k|0ffnLdf ;+nUg x'g ;Sg] jftfj/0fsf] lgdf{0f u/L
lglZrt ;dosf] nflu hUuf lnhdf lnP/ Aoj;flos pTkfbg ug{
k|f]T;fxg k|bfg ug'{ kb{5 .
jt{dfg cj:yfdf ;xsf/Lsf] dfWodaf6 C0f k|fKt u/L s[ifs ;b:ox?n]
s]xL dfqfdf Aoj;flos pTkfbg z'? u/]sf 5g\ . t/ 7'nf] k}dfgfdf
pTkfbg k|zf]wg ug{ ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?af6 g} kxn x'g' kg]{ b]lvG5 .
pbfx/0fsf] nflu ;xsf/Ldf ;+ul7t ls;fgx?n] l;Gw'nL / /fd]5fk
lhNnfdf h'gf/ v]tLsf] /fd|f] pTkfbg u/]sf / ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] kxndf
tfhf h'gf/ ljlqm ljt/0f ePsf] 5 . d'n'ssf] dfunfO{ b[i6Lut ub{f
;xsf/L ;+:yfåf/f h'gf/ k|zf]wg u/L h'; pTkfbg ePdf To;sf]
jhf/Ls/0f ;xh x'g'sf] ;fy} nfdf] ;do ;Dd h'; ;'/lIft ?kdf
e08f/0f ug{ ;lsg] / d'No clea[l4 x'g] x'bF f Aoj;flos ?kdf pTkfbg /
k|zf]wg tkm{ hfg' kg]{ cfjZostf b]lvG5 .
t/fO{ If]qdf pv' pTkfbs ls;fgx? ;+ul7t eO{ ;xsf/L ;+:yf lgdf{0f
u/]sf 5g\ . pgLx?nfO{ Aoj;flos pTkfbg tkm{ cfslif{t ug{
;+:yfx?sf] kxndf k|zf]wg pBf]usf] :yfkgf ug'{ cfjZos 5 . dx
pTkfbs ls;fgx?nfO{ ;xsf/Ldf ;+ul7t u/L dx ;+sng / k|zf]wgsf]
;fy} KoflsË, j|fl08ª / n]jlnªsf] sfd Ps} ;fy cuf8L j9fO{ :yfgLo
pTkfbgnfO{ cGt/f{li6«o jhf/ ;Dd k'¥ofpg' kg]{ cfjZostf 5 .
To;}u/L sl/j !&)) sf] ;+Vofdf 5l/P/ /x]sf] b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L
;+:yfx?sf] k|ofzdf :yfgLo :t/df b'Uw k|zf]wg s]Gb| :yfkgf / ;+rfng
130
u/L kz'kfng Aoj;fonfO{ ;'/Iffsf] ;fy} cfsif{0f ug'{ kg]{ cj:yf 5 .
t/sf/L tyf kmnkm'n v]tLsf] Aoj;flos/0f / jhf/Ls/0fsf] nflu
;xsf/L ;+:yfx?n] Aoj;flos pTkfbg ug'{sf] ;fy} jftfg's'lnt÷k|mf]]h]g
6«ssf] dfWodaf6 jhf/ ;Dd 9'jfgL ug'{sf] ;fy} jhf/ If]qdf
jftfs's'lnt÷k|mf]h]g t/sf/L tyf kmnkm'n jhf/sf] :yfkgf / ;+rfng
ug]{ tkm{ dxn ug'{ kb{5 . To;}u/L ;xsf/Lsf] dfWodaf6 hl8j'6L v]tL
tyf ;+sng ug'{sf] ;fy} hl8j'6L k|zf]wg sf/vfgf :yfkgf u/L d'No
clej[l4 ug'{ kb{5 .
ljut s]xL jif{ b]lv pRr d'Nosf s[lif pkhx? h:t} lrof, slkm,
cn}rL, cb'jf, nK;L, ;'kf/L, h'gf/ cflbsf] k|zf]wg pBf]u :yfkgf /
;+rfng ug{ rfxg] ;xsf/LnfO{ k'FhLut cg'bfg lbg] sfd x'b} cfPsf] 5 .
emfkf lhNnfsf] k[YjLgu/df ;fgf ls;fg ;xsf/L ;+:yf / g]kfn
;/sf/sf] nfutdf lrof sf/vfgf :yfkgf ePsf] 5 . To; If]qsf
s[ifsx?n] pTkfbg u/]sf] xl/of] kQL lghL Aofkfl/x?nfO{ cToGt Go'g
d'No lbg' kg]{ cj:yfsf] cGTo ePsf] 5 . ljut $ jif{ otf g]kfn
;/sf/n] ;xsf/L pBf]u Aoj;fo k|j4{gsf] nflu lgDgfg';f/sf
pBdx?df k'FhLut cg'bfg ljt/0f u/]sf] lyof] .
131
;xsf/L ljefujf6 cg'bfg k|fKt pBd Aoj;fosf] ;+VofTds ljj/0f
qm=;+=
;xsf/L pBdsf] lsl;d
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-ufO{÷jfv|f÷e]8f÷j+u/' ÷df5f_
blnt k]zf cfw'lgs/0f
zLt e08f/ lgdf{0f
/fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3sf]
s]Gb|Lo ejg lgdf{0f
;fd'bflos ejg lgdf{0f
hDdf
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
2
-
-
1
RF F n
#
rfn'
rfn'
-
-
1
rfn'
;DkGg
20
35
42
70
$)
133
#
rfn'
;DkGg
!)
@
!
–
$#
!
@%)
cf=j= @)^%.)^^ df cg'bfg k|fKt ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] gfdfjnL M
qm=;+=
;+:yfsf] gfd 7]ufgf
1=
ufFp;'wf/ b'Uw
;=;=ln=ltgbf]jf6f], :ofª\hf .
2= u'0f:t/Lo slkm pTkfbs ;xsf/L
;+:yf ln=, luDbL, nlntk'/ .
3= ;fgf ls;fg s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf
ln=, ;nfª, wflbË .
4= slkm ;xs/L ;+:yf ln=, nlntk'/
5=
6=
7=
8=
9=
10=
11=
12=
13=
14=
15=
16=
17=
18=
:jfanDaL art tyf C0f
;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= xtkt],
l;Gw'nL .
s[lif hfu/0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=
alb{jf;, dxf]Q/L .
nlntk'/ lhNnf b'Uw pTkfbs
;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= rfkfufFp,
nlntk'/ .
h'gf/ s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=,
ltgs'g] .
df}/Lkfng s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+:yf
ln= e/tk'/, lrtjg .
l;4gfy b'Uw ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=
>Lk'/, a]nf/L, s~rgk'/ .
k'g{jf; ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=
s~rgk'/ .
;fgf ls;fg s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf
ln= dgx/L, dsjfgk'/ .
;fgf ls;fg s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf
ln= b'w/fIf, ?kGb]xL .
s0ff{nL df}/Lkfng ;xsf/L ;+:yf
ln= rGbggfy h'Dnf .
nfnk'/ b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L
;+:yf ln= jgs6jf, jfs]+ .
u}/ sfi7 jg >f]t Aofj:yfkg
;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= sf]xnk'/, jfs]+
j;Gtk'/ b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L
;+:yf ln= ltnsk'/ gjnk/f;L .
e'dlx b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L
;+:yf ln= e'dxL, gjnj/f;L .
pBf]usf]
lsl;d
b'Uw
lr:ofg
slkm
k|zf]wg
6df6f] ;;\
k|zf]wg
slkm
k|zf]wg
d]lzg/L
cf}hf/
@!))))).–
%))))).–
#$%))).–
86250
#)))))).–
%))))).–
!#*)))) .–
#$%))).–
!#$!()) .–
##%$&%.–
@)%)))).–
%))))).–
@)%)))).–
%))))).–
h'gf/ h';
pBf]u
dx k|zf]wg
!@&%))) .–
320000
@^%(#))).–
%))))).–
dx k|zf]wg
@)))))).–
%))))).–
b'Uw
lr:ofg
b'Uw
lr:ofg
b'Uw
lr:ofg
dx k|zf]wg
!((*))) .–
$((%)).–
b'Uw
lr:ofg
hl8j'6L
k|zf]wg
b'Uw
lr:ofg
b'Uw
lr:ofg
b'Uw
lr:ofg
b'Uw
lr:ofg
b'Uw
lr:ofg
134
cg'bfg
@#$))).–
#)!$))).–
@#$))).–
!$@$))) .–
346250
%))))).–
!@%))) .–
!!!))) .–
@*))).–
$!&))).–
!)%))).–
!@))))) .–
#))))).–
19=
;fgf s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf
ln=dfs/ gjnk/f;L .
20= cd[t b'Uw ljsf; ;xsf/L ;+:yf
ln= ;'?Ëf, emfkf
hDdf
/fO{; ldn
@*@$^)).–
%))))).–
b'Uw
lr:ofg
!%&!%&) .–
#()))).–
7243000
135
cf=j= @)^^÷)^& df ;xsf/L ljefuaf6 cg'bfg k|fKt ug]{
pBdx?sf] ljj/0f tfnLsf
l;=g++
1=
;+:yfsf] gfd 7]ufgf
pBf]usf]
lsl;d
;fgf ls;fg ;=;=ln= ;'8f b'Uw
s~rgk'/
k|zf]wg
lzj art C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf
2= ln=,
alb{of
;fgf ls;fg s[lif ;xsf/L
3= ;+:yf ln=,
r}gk'/, wflbË
;fgf ls;fg s[lif ;xsf/L
4= ;+:yf ln=,
Hofd|'s, wflbË
;fgf ls;fg s[lif ;xsf/L
5= ;+:yf ln=,
d}lb, wflbË -cb'jf_
kz'klt b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L
6=
;+:yf ln=,lgns07, wflbË
k|oTgzLn hl8a'l6 ;xsf/L
7=
;+:yf ln=,lgns07, wflbË
;u/dfyf lrof ljsf; ;xs/L
8=
;+3 ln=, lrnfpg] %, pbok'/ .
cf?3f6 art tyf C0f
9= ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= cf?3f6,
uf]/vf
lhNnf b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L
10
;+3 ln= uf]/vf
gj hgsNof0f b'Uw pTkfbs
11
;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= lrtjg
h'gf/ s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=,
12
/fd]5fk
;dfh ?kfGt/0f art C0f
13
;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=
d]lzg/L
cf}hf/sf] nfut
cg'bfg
/sd ?=
^))))).–
!@%))).–
hl8a'l6
k|zf]wg
())))).–
$$)))).–
slkm
k|zf]wg
@%))))).–
%))))).–
cb'jf
k|zf]wg
#))))).–
!%)))).–
cb'jf
k|zf]wg
#))))).–
!%)))).–
%))))).–
!@%))).–
^))))).–
#))))).–
!*))))) .–
$%)))).–
@%)))) .–
!@%))).–
!%))))).–
#&)))).–
!@))))).–
#))))).–
^*)))) .–
!&)))).–
&))))).–
#%)))).–
b'Uw
k|zf]wg
hl8j'6L
k|zf]wg
lrof
k|zf]wg
hl8a'l6
k|zf]wg
b'Uw
k|zf]wg
b'Uw
k|zf]wg
h'gf/
k|zf]wg
cb'jf
k|zf]wg
136
7'nf]l;?jf/L, l;Gw'kfNrf]s
hghfu[lt b'Uw ;xsf/L ;+:yf
14
ln= Zofdf, bf]nvf
jf0fu+uf df}/Lkfng tyf dx
15 pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=
slkna:t'
s[i0f 8]/L b'Uw pTkfbs
16
;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= dxf]Q/L,
;fgf ls;fg ;xsf/L ;+:yf
17
ln= ;Gtk'/, /f}tx6
sgf{nL hl8a'l6 pTkfbs
18
;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= sflnsf]6
/~hgL s[lif ax'= ;xsf/L
19 ;+:yf ln= ba]{;f
df]/ª
;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= emf]/fx6,
20
df]/ª
/fh3f6 b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L
21
;+:yf ln= df]/ª
k|ultlzn df}/Lkfng ;xsf/L
22
;+:yf ln= ba]{;f, df]/ª
;tf;L dlxnf df}/Lkfng
23 ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= ;tf;Lwfd,
emfkf
dfªdfn'ª lrof pTkfbs
24
;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= Onfd
;fgf ls;fg s[lif ;=;=ln=,
25
cUof}nL, gjnk/f;L
u}8fsf]6 Plss[t ax'=;=;=ln=,
26
gjnk/f;L
;'o{d'lv df}/Lkfng ;=;=ln=,
27
dsf/ gjnk/f;L
8f8fkf/L df]/Lkfng ;=;=ln=,
28
3lt{5fk sfe]|
;]tLb]lj b'Uw pTkfbs
29
;=;=ln=, /lj @ sfe]|
b'Uw
k|zf]wg
dx
k|zf]wg
b'Uw
k|zf]wg
b'Uw
k|zf]wg
b'Uw
k|zf]wg
b'Uw
k|zf]wg
b'Uw
k|zf]wg
b'Uw
k|zf]wg
dx
k|zf]wg
dx
k|zf]wg
lrof
k|zf]wg
b'Uw
k|zf]wg
b'Uw
k|zf]wg
dx
k|zf]wg
dx
k|zf]wg
b'Uw
k|zf]wg
137
@$)))).–
^)))).–
%))))) .–
@%)))).–
*))))).–
@))))).–
^))))).–
!%)))).–
*))))) .–
$))))).–
*))))).–
@))))).–
$))))) .–
!))))).–
!@))))).–
#))))).–
$))))) .–
@))))).–
$))))).–
@))))).–
@)))))) .– %))))).–
!^))))).–
$))))).–
!^))))).–
$))))).–
$))))).–
@))))).–
@))))).–
!))))).–
!)))))).–
@%))))–
30
O{Gb|fjlt ax'=;=;=ln=, sfe]|
lxdr'nL s[lif ;=;=ln=, dfGdf
% sfnLsf]6
d'nvs{ b'Uw pTkfbs
32
ax'=;=;=ln=, s6x/], wgs'6f
gfu8f8f b'Uw pTkfbs
33
;=;=ln=, l9s'/kf]v/L sf:sL
j/gfy cfw'lgs df}/Lkfng
34
ax'=;=;=ln=, b'uf{ejfgL j}t8L
n]sj]lz s[lif ax'=;=;=ln=,
35
jn]6S;f/ u'NdL
k|ultlzn df}/Lkfng ;=;=ln=,
36
d';/Lof s}nfnL
hDdf
31
b'Uw
k|zf]wg
b'Uw
k|zf]wg
b'Uw
k|zf]wg
b'Uw
k|zf]wg
dx
k|zf]wg
hl8j'6L
k|zf]wg
dx
k|zf]wg
^))))).–
!%)))).–
*))))).–
@))))).–
^))))).–
!%)))).–
$))))).–
!))))).–
$))))).–
@))))).–
@$)))).–
!@)))).–
%))))).–
@%)))).–
*^))))).–
cf=j= @)^&÷)^* df ;xsf/L ljefuaf6 cg'bfg k|fKt ug]{
pBdx?sf] ljj/0f M
l;=
g++
;+:yfsf] gfd 7]ufgf
pBf]usf]
lsl;d
d]lzg/L
cf}hf/sf]
nfut
cg'bfg
/sd ?=
1
hx/L vf]nf gd'gf s[lif
;=;=ln=, vf]]nfufp 4, ?s'd
c b'jf
k|zf]wg
375000
187500
2
s:t'/L ax'=;=;=ln=, vn+uf
1, hfh/sf]^
dx÷c b'jf
k|zf]wg
270000
135000
3
dlxnf df}/Lnfkg ;=;=ln=,
g]qu+h 7, ;nf{xL
dx
k|zf]wg
400000
200000
4
jfj/L df}/Lkfng ;=;=ln=,
kf+ry/
dx
k|zf]wg
400000
200000
5
sfqm]ljxf/ df}/Lkfng
;=;=ln=, ;'v]{t
dx
k|zf]wg
500000
250000
6
g]kfn df}/Lkfng s]Gb|Lo
;xsf/L ;+# ln=, lrtjg
dx
k|zf]wg
1200000
600000
7
l;h{glzn ax= ;=;=ln=,
kj{t
slkm
k|zf]wg
265000
133000
8
u|f dL)f ax'' s[ifs ;=;=ln=,
c b'jf
240000
120000
138
;'sl^of 7, sfnLsf]^
k|zf]wg
9
lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+# ln=,
sfnLsf]^
dx
k|zf]wg
710000
355000
10
P]/fjlt ax'= ;=;=ln=,
('+u]u(L 3, Ko'&fg
c b'jf
k|zf]wg
235000
117500
11
O{nfd]ln lrof pTkfbs
;=;=ln=, lkmSsn,O{nfd
lrof
k|zf]wg
14325000
600000
12
c hDj/] lrof pTkfbg
;=;=ln=, lhtk'/, O{nfd
lrof
k|zf]wg
15000000
600000
13
sGofd lrof pTkfbs
;=;=ln=, sGofd, O{nfd
lrof
k|zf]wg
15000000
600000
14
nfkmf sj'lnolt art tyf
C)f ;=;=ln=, bf/]rf]s,
lrtjg
b'Uw
k|zf]wg
600000
150000
15
lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+# ln=,
sf:sL
b'Uw
k|zf]wg
1800000
450000
16
hLjgwf/f b'Uw pTkfbs
;=;=ln=, lrtjg
b'Uw
k|zf]wg
236000
60000
17
lk&'jf b'Uw pTkfbs
;=;=ln=, lrtjg
b'Uw
k|zf]wg
236000
60000
18
eb|sfnL b'Uw pTkfbs
;=;=ln=, lk&jf, lrtjg
b'Uw
k|zf]wg
836000
210000
19
/fwfs[i)f ax'd'lv ;=;=ln=,
O{g?jf, ;'g;/L
wfg
rfdn
897500
224000
20
tgx'+ b'Uw pTkfbs ;=;=ln=,
tgx'+
b'Uw
k|zf]wg
1716000
430000
21
zl; b'Uw pTkfbs ;=;=ln=,
wg'iff
b'Uw
k|zf]wg
870000
220000
22
s[lif ;xsf/L +;+# ln=,
gjnk/f;L
tf]/L t]n
k|zf]wg
2430000
600000
23
;fgf ls;fg ;=;=ln,
d}gfkf]v/, jlb{of
wfg
rfdn
k|zf]wg
2630500
600000
24
bz{g b'Uw pTkfbs ;=;=ln=,
#\ofNrf]s
b'Uw
k|zf]wg
1455000
364000
25
hghfu[lt ;=;=ln=, /Tggu/,
tf]/L t]n
840000
210000
139
lrtjg
k|zf]wg
26
s]Gb|Lo pv' pTkfbs ;=;+#
ln=, jlb{jf; dxf]Q/L
pv'
k|zf]wg
2400000
600000
27
;fd'lxs s[lif pTkfbs
;=;=ln=, #\ofNrf]s, uf]vf{
;;\
pBf]u
k|zf]wg
600000
150000
28
eGHof+ª ax'= ;=;=ln=,
gfl;sf:yfg,;fuf, sfe|]}
nK;L
k|zf]wg
900000
225000
29
#\ofNrf]s b'Uw pTkfbs
;=;=ln=, uf]vf{
b'Uw
k|zf]wg
1125000
280000
30
w'lnv]n pkef]Qmf ;=;=ln=,
w'lnv]n, sfe]|
c b'jf÷s]
rj
k|zf]wg
228000
115000
31
sGofd b'Uw pTkfbs
;=;=ln=, O{nfd
b'Uw
k|zf]wg
1520000
370000
32
sNof)f art tyf C)f
;=;=ln=, jlgufdf, df]/+u
hl*j'l^
k|zf]wg
914000
225000
33
/fh#f^ b'Uw pTkfbs
;=;=ln=, df]/ª
b'Uw
k|zf]wg
1200000
300000
34
ljxfgL b'Uw pTkfbs
;=;=ln=, df]/+u
b'Uw
k|zf]wg
1000000
250000
35
s[lif ;xsf/L ;+# ln=,
df]/+u
wfg
rfdn
1770000
440000
36
;fgf ls;fg ;=;=ln=, ;'*f
sGrgk'/
b'Uw
k|zf]wg
600000
150000
37
ldnLh'n dlxnf ax'=;=;=ln=,
lzjdlGb/ 3, gjnk/f;L
c b'jf
k|zf]wg
370000
185000
38
dfxfef/t b'Uw pTkfbs
;=;=ln=, l;Gw'nL
b'Uw
k|zf]wg
1200000
300000
39
gf/L ;+sNk art tyf C)f
;=;=ln=, pnf{jf/L, df]/ª
vfB
k|zf]wg
-d;nf,
t]n,
lk&f],
c rf/_
536000
134000
40
/fDr] c uf{lgs lrof
lrof
1200000
600000
140
pTkfbs ;=;=ln=, wgs'^f
k|zf]wg
hDdf
79030000
141
12000000
cf=j= @)^*.^( df cg'bfg k|fKt ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] gfdfjnL M
qm=
;+=
;+:yfsf] gfd
1=
;fgf ls;fg ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, k[YjLgu/,
emfkf
2= tfn]h'Ë lrof pTkfbg tyf k|zf]wg ;xsf/L
;+:yf ln=, lkmlbd, (, kFfry/
3= dlxnf r]tgf ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=,
ch'g{ wf/f, emfkf
4= lrof pTkfbs lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=,
O{=g=kf=@, O{nfd
5= ;fty'Ds] lrof s[ifs ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=,
Psltg,@, kfFry/
6= xl/ofnL h}jLs lrof pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf
ln=, dfO{kf]v/L, !, O{nfd
7= l;l4y'Dsf lrof pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=,
l;l4y'Dsf, O{nfd
8= ltgh'/] lrof s[ifs ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=,
kmfskmf]s, O{nfd
9= s]Gb|Lo lrof ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=, O{=g=kf=,@,
O{nfd
10= d]rL ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, bds, !!, emfkf
11= ;fgf ls;fg s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=,
dfxf/flgemf]8f, emfkf
12= x+;] b'D;] b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=,
bds, %, emfkf
13= bf]d'vf ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, ;'?Ëf,
emfkf
14= uf}d'lv ;'kf/L ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, zlgZr/],
emfkf
15= ;fdgf ;'kf/L ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, j'wjf/],
emfkf
16= jf0fuFuf ;'kf/L ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, ch'g
{ wf/f,
emfkf
17= >Ls[i0f ;'kf/L ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=,j'wjf/],emfkf
142
pBf]usf]
lsl;d
cg'bfg /sd
?
lrof k|zf]wg
26000000
lrof k|zf]wg
1000000
vfB k|zf]wg
125000
lrof k|zf]wg
1000000
lrof k|zf]wg
1000000
lrof k|zf]wg
1000000
lrof k|zf]wg
1000000
lrof k|zf]wg
1000000
lrof k|zf]wg
ufO{ kmfd{
1000000
600000
ufO{ kmfd{
600000
ufO{ kmfd{
400000
ufO{ kmfd{
400000
;'kf/L
k|zf]wg
125000
;'kf/L
k|zf]wg
200000
;'kf/L
k|zf]wg
;'kf/L
125000
250000
18=
;fgf ls;fg dlxnf s[lif ;=;=ln=, emfkf
;tf;L dlxnf s[lif ;=;=ln=, emfkf
20= gf}dlt art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=,
O{Gb|k'/, (, df]/ª
21= rt/f ;fd'bflos ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+:yf
ln=, j/fxIf]q, #, ;'g;/L
22= sf]zL ax'dv
' L b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf
ln=, bj]{;f, df]/ª
23= dlxnf ljsf; ax'=;=;=ln=, wgs'6f
24 k~rsGof ;fgf ls;fg ;=;=ln=, wgs'6f
25= ef]nz
] s
+ / s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, v8sk'/,
#, ;Kt/L
26= lzj dlxnf s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, xskf8f–
*, l;/xf
27= ;+/If0f s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, j:tLk'/,
l;/xf
28 ldlynf ufO{ kfng s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=,
xl/jg, ;nf{xL
29= cfd|kfnL ax'd'vL ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=,
vf]l/of,%, ;nf{xL
30= gj jfDtL e08f/ ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+:yf
ln=, jfDtL e08f/, /fd]5fk
31= cfw'lgs s[lif tyf kz' ljsf; ;xsf/L ;+:yf
ln=, ;'/L–%, bf]nvf
19=
32=
h'gf/ s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=, l;Gw'nL
blnt pTyfg s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=,
l;Gw'nL
34= s] 6]Ds] dlxnf pkef]Qmf ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=,
nlntk'/, !$, nlntk'/
35= l;l4u0f]z dlxnf s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=,
emf]/dxf+sfn, sf7df08f}+
36= lrof pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=, v'dn6f/,
nlntk'/
37= /;'jf ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, w'Gr],
%, /;'jf
33=
143
k|zf]wg
vfB k|zf]wg
vfB k|zf]wg
250000
gf}dlt jfhf
vl/b
280000
ufO{ kmfd{
600000
k|hgg s]Gb|
vfB k|zf]wg
lrof k|zf]wg
100000
1000000
t/sf/L v]tL
200000
vfB k|zf]wg
150000
t/sf/L v]tL
200000
ufO{ kmfd{
600000
t/sf/L v]tL
200000
cn}rL
k|zf]wg
600000
ufO{ kmfd{
h'gf/
k|zf]wg
150000
85000
200000
1000000
blnt pTyfg
sfo{qmd
350000
d;nf
k|zf]wg
200000
d;nf
k|zf]wg
50000
lrof k|zf]wg
600000
jfv|f kmfd{
400000
38=
uf];fO{s'08 ax'[p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=,
sljnf;, g'jfsf]6
39= dlxnf ;fgf ls;fg s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=,
s]jnk'/, wflbª
40 k|fs[lts k]|dL df}/L ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, uf]+uj',
sf7df08f}+
41= b'Kr]Zj/ ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=,
vfF8LufFp, g'jfsf]6
42 km'NkLË8fF8f ax'=;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=,
km'NkLË8f8f, &, l;Gw'kfNrf]s
43= s'lj08] b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=,
s'lj08], l;Gw'kfNrf]s
44
g]kfn ckf+u ;dfh ax'=;=;=ln=, sf7df08f}+
lqzlQm ax'=;=;=ln=, nlntk'/
46= ;fgf ls;fg s[lif ;=;=ln=, ;nfª, wflbË
47 rgf}nL lzte08f/ ;=;=ln=, lrtjg
48 cfkm\g} s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, x]]=g=kf=–!,
dsjfgk'/
49 sfdw]g' b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=,
Hofld/]], lrtjg
50 ;fu/ b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=,
kl6xfgL, ^, lrtjg
51= gj ldlnh'nL b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf
ln=, h'6kfgL, lrtjg
52= r]tglzn b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln =,
lr;fkfgL, dsjfgk'/
53= cGg'k'0f{ b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=,
lutfgu/, lrtjg
54 ho cDj] dlxnf art tyf C0f ;=;=ln=,
k;f{
55= cfTdlge{/ ;fdflhs pBd dlxnf ;=;=ln=,
lrtjg
56= :of+hf lzte08f/ ;=;=ln=, :of+hf
57= s[lif ljsf; ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, Aof; g=kf=,
!!, tgx'F
45
144
ufO{ kmfd{
400000
tfnLd xn
lgdf{0f
500000
dx k|zf]wg
300000
jfv|f kmfd{
200000
ufO{ kmfd{
400000
ufO{ kmfd{
cfo d'ns
sfo{
ufO{ kmfd{
ufO{ kmfd{
lzt3/
lgdf{0f
400000
2500000
jfv|f kmfd{
200000
ufO{ kmfd{
600000
ufO{ kmfd{
400000
ufO{ kmfd{
400000
ufO{ kmfd{
600000
ufO{ kmfd{
600000
vfB k|zf]wg
130000
vfB k|zf]wg
lzt3/
lgdf{0f
50000
jfv|f kmfd{
100000
400000
150000
2500000
200000
58
gd'gf s[lif pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=,
5f]k|fs, (, uf]/vf
59= rGb|Hof]tL b'Uw pTkfbg ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=,
lj/]grf]s, uf]/vf
60= j]njf; b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=,
j]njf;, !, tgx'F
61= kj{lto s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=,
ledsfnLkf6g, sf:sL
62= hg;]jf :jfanDjg ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L
;+:yf ln=, b'w/fIf, !, ?kGb]xL
63= xl/gfof/0f b'Uw Aoj;flos ;xsf/L ;+:yf
ln=, cf?Ëvf]nf, gjnk/f;L
64= n]sj]zL s[lif ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=,
jn]6S;f/, u'NdL
65= ;fgf ls;fg s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=,
bfpGg]j];L, gjnk/f;L
66= uf]bfj/L dlxnf art tyf C0f ;=;=ln=,
?kGb]xL
67= s'3f{ lr;fkfgL ax'=;=;=ln=, kj{t
68= b]ptL jHo} s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=,
jflgofef/, &, jlb{of
69= ;'o{tf/f df}/L kfng ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=,
du/fuf8L, jlb{of
70= s~rgk'/ blnt pBdL ;xsf/L ;++:yf ln=,
dx]Gb|gu/, s~rgk'/
71= hDdf
145
ufO{ kmfd{
600000
ufO{ kmfd{
600000
ufO{ kmfd{
400000
ufO{ kmfd{
600000
ufO{ kmfd{
400000
ufO{ kmfd{
500000
cb'jf
k|zf]wg
400000
ufO{ kmfd{
600000
vfB k|zf]wg
dx k|zf]wg
200000
100000
blnt pTyfg
sfo{qmd
250000
dx k|zf]wg
250000
blnt pTyfg
sfo{qmd
560000
59530000
cf=j= )^(÷&) df cg'bfgsf nflu :JLs[t ePsf ;xsf/L
;+:yfx?sf] gfdfjnL
s|=;
;+:yfsf] gfd
sfo{÷pBf]u
:jLs[t /sd
1
hgsNofg b'Uw ;=;=ln=,
lghu9 af/f
k|zf]wg
pBf]u
350000
2
jfub]j b'Uw pTkfbg
;=;=ln=, jf/f
k|zf]wg
pBf]u
350000
3
lkms{]km ;fd'bfoLs ljsf;
;=;=ln=, g'jfsf]6
k|zf]wg
pBf]u
300000
4
d]lnkm]/f df}/Lkfng ;xsf/L
;+:yf ln=, df]/ª
k|zf]wg
pBf]u
100000
5
>L cyf]8{ S; s[ifs
ax'p4]ZoLo ;=;=ln=,
g'jfsf]6, a'ªtfª *
k|zf]wg
pBf]u
400000
6
sGrgk'/ blnt pBdL
;=;=ln=, sGrgk'/
blnt k]zf
cw'lgsLs/0f
425000
7
rf}nfgL blnt pBdL ;xsf/L blnt k]zf
;+:yf ln=, bfr{'nf
cw'lgsLs/0f
275000
8
;dfgtf ax'p4]ZoLo ;xsf/L blnt k]zf
;+:yf ln=, lgns07–%, wflbª cw'lgsLs/0f
300000
9
10
l;:jf ax'p4ZoLo ;=;=ln=,
sf7df8f}F
;'enIdL dlxnf s[ifL
ax'p4]ZoLo ;=;=ln=,
sGrgk'/
dlxnf÷vfB
k|zf]wg
400000
dlxnf÷vfB
k|zf]wg
100000
146
s}lkmot
11
k|ultzLn dlxnf s[lif
;=;=ln=, ef]hk'/
dlxnf÷vfB
k|zf]wg
12
n]vj/L jx'p4]ZoLo pkef]Qmf s[lif km{d
;=;=ln=, x'Dnf
-e]8f_
300000
13
;fgf ls;fg s[ifL ;=;=ln=,
j8fufpF u'NdL
s[lif kmfd{
-df5f_
200000
14
jfxfkmf6 s[ifL ;xsf/L ;+:yf
ln=, lbufd ^, u'NdL,
s[lif kmfd{
-df5f_
300000
15
?kftfn k'g:{ yfkgf tyf
s[lif kmfd{
dT:o kfng ;=;=ln=, sf:sL -df5f_
200000
16
clvn g]kfn 6«]8 o'lgog
dxf;+3 s[lif ;=;=ln=,
nlntk'/, ljz+vg' f/fo0f–(
s[lif kmfd{
-a+u'/_
200000
17
rfxgf s[ifL ;=;=ln=, afFs]
s[lif kmfd{
-a+u'/_
200000
18
vx/] s[lif pTkfgb ;=;=ln=,
tgx'F
s[lif kmfd{
-a+u'/_
200000
19
e'iffkm]bf s[lif ;=;=ln=,
bf]nvf
s[lif kmfd{
-a+u'/_
200000
20
dWo kz'ktL s[lif ;=;=ln=,
g'jfsf]6
s[lif kmfd{
-a+u'/_
200000
21
cf/De s[ifL ;xsf/L ;+:yf
ln=, eQmk'/
s[lif kmfd{
-afv|f_
200000
22
a'4 s[ifL ;=;=ln=, pbok'/
s[lif kmfd{
-afv|f_
200000
23
7'nf] k;]{n s[ifL ;=;=ln=,sfe|]
s[lif kmfd{
-afv|f_
250000
147
300000
24
cd'No s[ifL ;=;=ln=,
dsjfgk'/
s[lif kmfd{
-afv|f_
200000
25
a'4 s[ifL ;=;=ln=, sf7df8f}F
s[lif kmfd{
-afv|f_
300000
26
;'of]{bo ax'p4]ZoLo ;=;=ln=, s[lif kmfd{
afh'/f
-afv|f_
200000
27
lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=,
Onfd
s[lif kmfd{
-afv|f_
300000
28
k|ltef ax'p4]ZoLo ;=;=ln=,
nlntk'/
s[lif kmfd{
-afv|f_
200000
29
k|lz4 dlxnf s[lif ;=;=ln=,
;f+ufrf]s–^, l;Gw'kfNrf]s
s[lif kmfd{
-ufO{_
300000
30
6f/]e'dL s[ifL ;=;=ln=,
sf:sL
s[lif kmfd{
-ufO{_
200000
31
9f]/a];L ufOkfng s[ifL
;=;=ln=, sf:sL
s[lif kmfd{
-ufO{_
200000
32
u|fdL0f :jfanDaL b'Uw
;=;=ln=, uf]vf{
s[lif kmfd{
-ufO{_
100000
33
k|fs[lts s[lif ;=;=ln=,
eQmk'/
s[lif kmfd{
-ufO{_
400000
34
em'Dsf s[lif ;=;=ln=, ;'g;/L
s[lif kmfd{
-ufO{_
400000
35
z'enIdL ax'p4]ZoLo
;=;=ln=, cf]vn9'+uf
s[lif kmfd{
-ufO{_
300000
36
hgPstf ax'p4]ZoLo
;=;=ln=, h'Dnf
s[lif kmfd{
-ufO{_
400000
37
ls;fg hfu/0f b'Uw pTkfbg
;=;=ln=, eQmk'/
s[lif kmfd{
-ufO{_
200000
148
38
d]rL s[ifs ax'd'vL ;=;=ln=,
emfkf
s[lif kmfd{
-ufO{_
300000
39
dfFsfnLsf b'Uw ;=;=ln=,
emfkf
s[lif kmfd{
-ufO{_
300000
40
laGh]n b'Uw pTkfbg
;=;=ln=, l;Gw'kfNrf]s
s[lif kmfd{
-ufO{_
200000
10450000
hDdf
cfly{s jif{ @)&)÷&! df cg'bfg k|fKt ug]{ ;xsf/L ;+:Yffx?sf] ljj/0f
s|=;
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
;+:yfsf] gfd
sfo{÷pBf]u
c?0f ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+:Yff
ln=, n]u'jf &, wgs'6f
ljgfos s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:Yff ln=,
lslt{k'/ !$,sf7df08f}+
;Demgf s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:Yff ln=,
lgj'jf6f/ #,dsjfgk'/
tkf]edL s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=,
lslt{k/' &,sf7df08f}+
afu]Zj/L ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L
;+:yf ln=, j}/g] L *,wflbª
lj/f6 sfdw]g' dlxnf s[lif
;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, rf/kfg]
(,emfkf
;fd'lxs uf}zfnf ;xsf/L ;+:yf
ln=, jfnLª (,:ofª\hf
rf}kmfn ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L
;+:yf ln=, krgfnL *,8f]6L
149
s[lif kmfd{
-ufO{_
s[lif kmfd{
-ufO{_
s[lif kmfd{
-ufO{_
s[lif kmfd{
-ufO{_
s[lif kmfd{
-ufO{_
s[lif kmfd{
-ufO{_
s[lif kmfd{
-ufO{_
s[lif kmfd{
-ufO{_
:jLs[t
/sd
400000
400000
400000
400000
400000
400000
200000
400000
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
kf}/vL ;fd'bflos s[lif ;xsf/L
;+:yf ln=, tfynL $,eQmk'/
l;4 afaf s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf
ln=, UjfNn]s @,a}t8L
a]TofgL s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:Yff ln=,
b]p/fnL @,sf:sL
sflGtk'/ s[ifs ;xsf/L ;+:yf
ln=, ;f]gk'/ %,bfª
;u'g s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=,
sf6fs'6L *,bf]nvf
/fgLjg s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=
/fgLjg !,cf]vn9'Ëf
;fgf ls;fg s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:Yff
ln=, lhjgk'/ ^, wflbË
lg;L dlxnf s[ifL ;xsf/L ;+:yf
ln=, lg;L * ,afun'ª
5xf/L ;dfh s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf
ln=, rGb|lgufxk'/ $,/f}]tx6
of/L s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=,
O{gfd] (, pbok'/
?kgL s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=,
/fok'/ *, ;Kt/L
a]n/} fh s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=,
l;Q8 ! a}t8L
dflemufp jx'p2]lZo ;xsf/L
;+:yf
ln,
l;v/k'/
$
,l;Gw'kfNrf]s
k'g/jf; k|utLlzn s[lif ;xsf/L
;+:yf ln, lqe'jg j:tL
s~rgk'/
j+u/' la|8/ s[ifs ;xsf/L ;+:yf
ln, n]vgfy %, sf:sL
?b| u+uf s[ifs jx'p2]ZoLo ;=;=
ln, nx/]kf}jf !, /;'jf
150
s[lif kmfd{
-jfv|f_
s[lif kmfd{
-jfv|f_
s[lif kmfd{
-jfv|f_
s[lif kmfd{
-jfv|f_
s[lif kmfd{
-jfv|f_
s[lif kmfd{
-jfv|f_
s[lif kmfd{
-jfv|f_
s[lif kmfd{
-jfv|f_
s[lif kmfd{
-jfv|f_
s[lif kmfd{
-jfv|f_
s[lif kmfd{
-jfv|f_
s[lif kmfd{
-jfv|f_
s[lif kmfd{
300000
300000
300000
300000
300000
300000
300000
300000
300000
300000
300000
300000
300000
-j+u'/_
s[lif kmfd{
-j+u'/_
s[lif kmfd{
-j+u'/_
s[lif kmfd{
-j+u'/_
200000
400000
200000
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
dfemy'd s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf
ln,sf:sLsf]6 $, sf:sL
dxfnIdL s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln,
cgf/dgL #, emfkf
h'gtf/f dlxnf s[lif ;xsf/L
;+:yf ln=, 8fFlujf/L (,emfkf
u/Ldf s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln,
Psltg @, kfFry/
cu|;/ dlxnf s[lif ;xsf/L
;+:yf ln, ;'?ªuf $,emfkf
jL;xhf/L ;fdflhs pBdL
dlxnf ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln,
uLtfgu/ (,lrtjg
k'l0f{df dlxnf df}/Lkfng
;=;=ln, xf]Snfjf/L $,df]/ª\
blnt clej[l4 s[lif ;xsf/L
;+:yf ln= eStk'/, 5fln+u @
blnt hghfu/0f s[lif ;xsf/L
;+:yf ln=,dfg]e~ofª %, ef]hk'/
h'gtf/f ;zlSts/0f s[ifs
;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= ;D;]/u+h &
jf+s]
;d[l4 s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=
jfDtL #, /fd]5fk
l;?6f/ slkm pTkfbg ;=;=ln=
kmf]S;L+6f/ * sfe|]
lxdfnr'nL s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf
ln= Kof/h'+u ! nDh'+u
l;+xb]jL lrof pTkfbs ;=;=ln=
;f]Ndf #, t]x|y'd
;+sNk s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=
jqf}n * , ;nf{xL
k'jf{w{ s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=,
zlgZr/] ,emfkf
151
s[lif kmfd{
-df5f_
dlxnf÷vfB
k|zf]wg
dlxnf÷vfB
k|zf]wg
dlxnf÷vfB
k|zf]wg
dlxnf÷vfB
k|zf]wg
dlxnf÷vfB
k|zf]wg
300000
200000
300000
350000
200000
300000
dlxnf÷vfB
k|zf]wg
blnt k]zf
cw'lgsLs/0f
blnt k]zf
cw'lgsLs/0f
400000
blnt k]zf
cw'lgsLs/0f
200000
k|zf]wg pBf]u
-b'Uw_
k|zf]wg pBf]u
-slkm_
k|zf]wg pBf]u
-cb'jf_
k|zf]wg pBf]u
-lrof_
k|zf]wg pBf]u
-pv'_
s[lif kmfd{
-ufO{_
150000
200000
400000
300000
300000
500000
300000
400000
41
42
43
ultzLn dlxnf ax'p2]ZoLo
;xsf/L ;:yf ln=, g'jfsf]6
s~rg dlxnf ax'p2]ZoLo
;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, /f}tf ,
pbok'/
l;:jf ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+:Yff
ln=, sf7df08f}+
hDdf
df5f kfng
300000
s[lif kmfd{
-j+u'/_
300000
vfB k|zf]wg
200000
13300000
g]kfndf h;/L ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] ;+VofTds ljsf;
ePsf] 5 ;f] cg';f/ u'0ffTds ljsf; x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . u'0ffTds
ljsf;sf] nflu ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?nfO{ cfTdlge{/ agfpg] /
pTkfbgzLn sfo{df nufpg' kb{5 . ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?nfO{
Aoj;flos s[ofsnfk tkm{ pGd'v agfpb} n}hfg' kg]{ cfjZostf 5 .
;xsf/L cfGbf]ngsf] g]tT[ jbflo txdf /x]sf ;+3x?sf] Ifdtf sdhf]/
x'gs
' f] ;fy} cfTdlge{/ aGg ;s]sf] cj:yf 5}g . s]Gb| tyf
lhNnf:t/df ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+3x? cfTdlge{/ aGgsf] nflu pgLx?
klg Aoj;flos / pTkfbgzLn aGg} kb{5 . sfg'gtM @% hgf ;b:o
ldn]/ k|lt JolQm ? !)) sf b/n] z]o/ vl/b u/L ;b:o aGg] / ;+:yf
vf]Ng ;Sg] k|fjwfgn] ubf{ s}of}+ ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? ljlwjt ?kdf u7g
eP klg /fd|f] ls;l;djf6 ;+rfng x'g ;s]sf] b]lvb}g . ;+:yfnfO{
pTkfbgzLn / Joj;flos agfpg ;b:o ;+Vof j[l4 ug'{ ug]{ cj:yf
5 . ;+:yf cfTdlge{/ aGgsf] nflu ;fwg >f]tsf] Joj:yf ug{ ;b:o
;+Vofdf a[l4 x'g kg]{5 . sfg'gL c8rgsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ ;xsf/L
;+:yfn] pBd Joj;fo ;+rfng ug{ rfx]sf] v08df pBf]u dGqfno
;+:yfut ?kdf pBf]u btf{ ug{ g;ls{sf] cj:yf5 . ;/sf/n] sfg'gL
?kdf ;xhLs/0f u/L ;xsf/L ;+3÷;+;yfx? dfkm{t pBf]u Aoj;fo
;+rfng ug]{ jftfj/0f ;[hgf ug'{ kg]{ b]lvG5 . ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?nfO{
pBf]u / Aoj;fo ;+rfng ug{ cg'bfg lbg] k|fjwfgdf ;'wf/ / ;+zf]wg
u/L jLp k'FhLsf] ?kdf nufgL ug]{ u/L 3'DtL k'h
F Lsf]if (Revolving
Fund) sf] Aoj:yf ug's
{ f] ;fy} demf}nf / 7'nf ;xsf/L pBf]udf
;/sf/n] ;d]t z]o/ vl/b u/L ;fem]bf/L pBf]usf] ?kdf ;xsf/Lsf]
ljsf; ug{ ;lsg] cj:yf 5 . ;xsf/L If]qnfO{ j9L pTkfbglzn
152
jgfpg ;dfg k|sl[ tsf ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] Plss/0f cleofgsf] yfngL
u/L ;+:yfsf] ;+rfng nfut ;d]t 36fpg ;lsg]5 .
;xsf/L sfg'g tyf k|rlnt cGt/f{li6«o l;4fGt l;4fGt
cg';f/ cGt/ ;xsf/L ;xof]usf] k|fjwfg /x]tf klg g]kfndf
;xsf/Lx? jLrsf] ;xof]u k|efjsf/L jGg ;s]sf] 5}g . ;xsf/L
;+:yfx? Ps cfk;df kl/k'/s / cGt/ lge{/ jGg ;s]sf 5}gg .
Pp6f ;xsf/Lsf] pTkfbg csf]s
{ f] nflu sRrf j:t' jGg] -Factor-factor
Relationship_ jftfj/0fsf] ;[hgf x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ;xsf/L If]qaf6
;+slnt art pTkfbglzn If]qdf k'Ug ;s]sf] 5}g . zx/L If]qdf
;xsf/Laf6 ;+rflnt art, 3/hUuf / ;fdflhs If]qdf k|jflxt
ePsf] cj:yf 5 . ctM ;xsf/L If]qn] Aoj;flos pTkfbgsf] nflu
cGt/ ;xsf/L ;xof]usf] ;fy} cGtl/s ?kdf nufgL j9fpg' kg]5
{ .
o;sf] nflu ;/sf/n] s]xL ;dosf] nflu pTkfbgd'ns ;xsf/L
;+:yfx?nfO{ aLFpkF'lh cg'bfg pknAw u/fP/ pTkfbg / ahf/Ls/0f
sfo{df cfslif{t ug{' kg]{ b]lvG5 .
153
kl/R5]b – *
;+3x?sf] ljj/0f
*=!_ /fli6«o tyf s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3x?sf] ;+lIfKt k|ult ljj/0fM
1=
/fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= M /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= g]kfn
/fHoe/sf ;+k'0f{ ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] k|ltlglwd'ns 5ftf
;+u7g xf] . ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfsf] k|j4{g ljsf; / xs lxtsf
ljifox?sf ;fy} cGt/f{li6«o If]qdf ;d]t g]kfnsf] ;xsf/L
cfGbf]ngnfO{ klxrfg u/fpg ;+3sf] e'ldsf lg0ff{os /xb} cfPsf]
5 . ;xsf/L P]g @)$* adf]lhd @)%) ;fn cfiff9 ^ ut]
:yflkt o; ;+3df xfn !* j6f s]Gb|Lo :t/sf ;+3x?, #)! j6f
lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+3x? tyf ljifout lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+3x?,
/fli6«o ;xsf/L a}s
+ ln= !, / !@ j6f ;xof]uL ;b:ox? ;d]t
hDdf ##@ ;b:ox? cfj4 /x]sf 5g\ . o; ;+3n] ;g\ !((& df
cGt/f{li6«o ;xsf/L dxf;+3 (ICA) sf] ;b:otf k|fKt u/L
cGt{/fli6«o ;xsf/L cfGbf]ngdf ;xefuL x'bF } cfPsf] 5 . ;+3sf]
s]Gb|Lo ejg lgdf{0fsf] nflu cf=j= )&).&! sf] cGTo ;Dd g]kfn
;/sf/af6 hDdf ? $ s/f]8 (& nfv *% xhf/ ;d]t ?= %
s/f]8 @% nfvsf] nfutdf s]Gb|Lo ejg lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg
ePsf] 5 . o; ;+3af6 cf=j= )&).&! df g]kfn ;/sf/af6 k|fKt
?=@$ nfv /sdaf6 ljleGg !) lhNnfdf ;xsf/L lzIff tyf
Joj:yfksLo tflnd, n}l+ us ;zlQms/0f / g]t[Tj ljsf; tfnLd,
b'u{d If]q kx'Fr lj:tf/ sfo{qmd, d'Qm sd}of pTyfg sfo{qmd
Joj:yfksLo tfnLd, cg'udg, n]vf ;ldltsf] Ifdtf clej[l4
sfo{qmd cGt{ut ;xsf/L If]qdf s/ lgwf{/0f ljifos uf]i7L,
k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tfnLd, Aoj:yfkg tfnLd, n]vf ;ldltsf] nflu
tfnLd, Aoj:yfks tfnLd, ;xsf/L lzIff lzlj/, /fli6«o tyf
cGt/f{li6«o ;xsf/L lbj; sfo{qmd, pTs[i6 ;+3;+:yfx?nfO{
k'/:sf/ ljt/0f, lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+3 ;'b9[ Ls/0f sfo{qmd cGt{ut
^ j6f ;+3x?nfO{ sDKo'6/ x:tfGt/0f cfbL sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng
ePsf lyP . hfOsf g]kfnsf] ;xof]udf @& j6f ;kmn
;xsf/Lx?sf] cWoog /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3sf] ;dGjodf @)&)
;fn r}q !! ut] b]lv !# ut] ;Dd ;xsf/L dfkm{t lbuf] cfly{s
154
ljsf; tyf ;fdflhs Gofo eGg] gf/fsf ;fy /fli6«o ;xsf/L
dxf;Dd]ng ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .
2= s]Gb|Lo b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=, M b'Uw pTkfbg
Aoj;fonfO{ j9L k|efjsf/L jgfpg ;+ul7t ?kdf b]zsf u|fdL0f
O{nfsfdf s[ifsx?åf/f pTkflbt b'wsf] plrt d'No / ;'/lIft Pj+
e/kbf]{ jhf/sf] k|jGw u/L b'Uw pTkfbg Pj+ kz'kfng Aoj;fodf
/x]sf ;b:ox?sf] klxrfg u/L ;dfwfg ug]{, u/fpg] p2]Zon] ;fy}
b]znfO{ b'UwhGo kbfy{df cfTdlge{/ jgfpb} pTkfbg sfo{bl] v
k|zf]wg / ljlqm ljt/0f ;Ddsf k|lqmofx?df s[ifsx?nfO{ ;xefuL
u/fpb} hfg] p2]Zo lnP/ ;xsf/L P]g @)$* adf]lhd
@)$(.!@.@) df s]Gb|Lo b'Uw pTkfbg ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=,sf] :yfkgf
ePsf] xf] . /fHoe/ :yfkgf ePsf ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfsf] *
k|ltzt b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx? /x]sf 5g\ eg] o;sf]
;~hfn ^# lhNnfdf lj:tf/ eO{ !&)) eGbf a9L k|f/lDes ;+:yf
;+rfngdf /x]sf] 5 . #& j6f lhNnfdf b'Uw pTkfbg ;xsf/L ;+3
jlg;s]sf] 5g\ eg] c? lhNnfdf jGg] qmd hf/L 5 . o; ;+3df
*$% j6f k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? / #& j6f ;+3x? u/L hDdf
**@ ;+3;+:yfx? cfj4 /x]sf 5g\ . cf=j= )&).&! df ;xsf/L
ljefuaf6 k|fKt cg'bfg /sd ? ! nfv / ;+3sf] nfut
;xeflutf ;d]tdf %)) hgfnfO{ cled'vLs/0f tflnd, a}bl] zs
e|d0f–@ / b'Uw k|j{4g uf]i7Ldf @)) hgfsf] ;xeflutf ePsf]
lyof] . o'jf tyf ;fgf Joj;foL :j/f]huf/ sf]ifaf6 ?= ! s/f]8
%) nfv sh{f k|fKt u/L !% j6f b'Uw kl/of]hgfdf nufgL ulPsf
5.
3= g]kfn art tyf C0f s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=, M g]kfn art
tyf C0f s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3sf] :yfkgf @)%) ;fn efb|df
ePsf] xf] . of] ;+3 art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf]
ljifout k|ltlglw d'ns ;+3 xf] . o; ;+3;Fu xfn &! lhNnfdf
@))) art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? / %^ j6f ljifout
lhNnf ;+3x? ;d]t @)%^ ;+3;+:Yffsf] cfj4tf /x]sf] 5 . o;sf]
cltl/Qm ;+3n] PlzofnL C0f dxf;+3 / ;f] dfkm{t ljZj C0f
kl/ifb;Fu cfj4tf sfod u/]sf] 5 . /fli6«o:t/df of] ;+3 /fli6«o
;xsf/L j}s
+ / /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3sf] ;b:o ;d]t /x]sf] 5 . o;
;+3n] cf=j= )&).&! df g]kfn ;/sf/af6 ? ! nfv %) xhf/
cg'bfg k|fKt u/]sf]df cfkm\gf] >f]t ;d]t kl/rfng u/L d'ns
' sf]
155
ljleGg :yfgdf sfo{qmd ;+rfng u/]sf] lyof] . h;df @) j6f
pRr :t/sf tfnLd ;+rfng u/L $$) hgf, ^* j6f dWod
:t/sf] tflnd ;~rfng u/L !()) hgf / !)) j6f cfwf/e't
tflnd ;~rfng u/L @$)) hgf ;d]t hDdf $&$) hgfnfO{
k|lzIf0f lbPsf] / ljleGg ljifo;Fu ;DjlGwt uf]i7L ;+rfng u/L
;/f]sf/jfnfx? jLr cGt/lqmof ;+rfng ePsf] lyof] . o; ;+3df
xfn ^) sd{rf/Lx? sfo{/t /x]sf] 5g\ . o; ;+3 cGt{ut &# j6f
;+:yfn] g]sf]z Kn; ;km\6j]/ h8fg u/]sf 5g\ . o; ;+3 cGt{ut
!) j6f lkmN8 sfof{no / Pp6f s]Gb|Lo sfof{no ;+rfngdf /x]sf]
5 . o; ;+3n] art tyf C0fsf] sf/f]af/ ug]{ ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf]
nfuL 5'§} art tyf C0f ;xsf/L P]gsf] d:of}bf tof/ u/L g]kfn
;/sf/ ;dIf k]z u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
4= g]kfn s]Gb|Lo pkef]Qmf ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= M vf; u/]/ pkef]Uo
;fdfu|Lx?sf] Aoj;fo ;+rfng ug]{ pkef]Qmf ;xsf/L ;+3
;:yfx? ldn]/ cfkm\gf] xslxt, ;+/If0f / ljsf;sf nflu s]Gb|Lo
;+u7gsf] ?kdf g]kfn s]Gb|Lo pkef]Qmf ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=sf]
:yfkgf ul/Psf] xf] . @)%) efb| # ut] :yflkt o; ;+3df g]kfn
/fHoe/ :yflkt !%)) pkef]Qmf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? dWo] xfn;Dd
!@# pkef]Qmf ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx? cfj4 /x]sf] b]lvG5 . cf=j=
)&)÷&! df g]kfn ;/sf/af6 g]kfn s]Gb|Lo pkef]Qmf ;xsf/L
;+3 ln= ;d]t * j6f s]Gb|Lo:t/sf ljleGg ;+3x?nfO{ Psd'i7
?kdf k|fKt ? ^ nfv cg'bfg / ;+3x?sf] ;xeflutf ;d]t u/L
hDdf ? @% nfvsf] vr{df sf7df08f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf jf8{ g+=
#$ df ;xsf/L ahf/ ;+rfngsf] sfd z'? ul/Psf] lyof] . o;
;+3df !$ j6f lhNnf pkef]Qmf ;+3 / !)( j6f k|f/lDes
;xsf/L ;+:yf ;d]t u/L hDdf !@# ;+3;+:yfx?sf] cfj4tf /x]sf]
b]lvG5 .
5= /fli6«o ;xsf/L j}s
+ ln= M clw/fHoe/ ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?nfO{
ljQLo If]qdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg Ps 5'§} lgsfosf] cfjZostf
k/]sf] x'bF f ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] k|of; / ;/sf/sf] ;xof]udf
/fli6«o ;xsf/L j}s
+ sf] :yfkgf ul/Psf] xf] . ;xsf/L P]g @)$*
cg'?k @)^).#.@% ut] ;xsf/L ljefudf btf{ ePsf] pQm j}+sdf
xfn;Dd &$ lhNnfdf &))) ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?n] ;b:otf
k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ . o; j}+sn] g]kfn /fi6« j}+saf6 :jLs[tL k|fKt u/L
l;ldt a}lsË sf/f]jf/ ;+rfng ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . o; cGt{ut xfn
156
6
7
;Dd ## j6f zfvf :yfkgf ePsf 5g\ . o; j}s
+ sf] z]o/ k'Flh ?=
^!=@$ s/f]8, lgIf]k ? &^( s/f]8 k'us
] f] 5 eg] nufgL ?= #(^
s/f]8 /x]sf] 5 . cf=j=@)&)÷&! a}+sn] v'b gfkmf ?= !# s/f]8
cfh{g ug{ ;kmn /x]sf] b]lvG5 .
s]Gb|Lo t/sf/L tyf kmnkm'n ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= M s]Gb|Lo t/sf/L
tyf kmnkm'n ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= @)^#.!!.^ sf lbg ;xsf/L
ljefudf btf{ ePsf] xf] . xfn o; ;+3sf] ultljlw !# lhNnfdf
lj:tf/ ePs]f 5 . o;sf % j6f ;+3 ;lxt ^! j6f ;+3 ;+:yfx?
cfj4 /x]sf 5g\ . cf=j= )&)÷&! df g]kfn ;/sf/af6 s]Gb|Lo
t/sf/L tyf kmnkm'n ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= ;d]t * j6f s]Gb|Lo:t/sf
ljleGg ;+3x?nfO{ Psd'i7 ?kdf k|fKt ? ^ nfv cg'bfg /
;+3x?sf] ;xeflutf ;d]t u/L hDdf ? @% nfvsf] vr{df
sf7df08f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf jf8{ g+= #$ df ;xsf/L ahf/
;+rfngsf] sfd z'? ul/Psf] lyof] .
g]kfn s[lif ;xsf/L s]Gb|Lo ;+3 ln= M g]kfn s[lif ;xsf/L s]Gb|Lo
;+3sf] :yfkgf )^$.(.@( ut] ePsf] xf] . o; ;+3n] cfkm\gf
ultljlwx? d'n'ssf] ^& lhNnfsf] (!% uf=lj=;=df lj:tf/ u/]sf]
5 . o; ;+3df $( j6f ljifout lhNnf ;+3x? / ^@^ j6f
k|f/lDes ;+:yfx? u/L hDdf ^&% ;+3 ;+:yfx? cfj4 /x]sf 5g\ .
o; ;+3sf] z]o/ k'FhL ? $% nfv /x]sf] 5 . o; ;+3 cGt{ut
;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?åf/f k|jl4t ;fgf ls;fg ljsf; j}s
+ sf]
sf/f]jf/ ? # cj{ %) s/f]8 k'u]sf] 5 . o; cGt{ut ;+rlfnt
;xsf/Lx?n] cfkm\gf ;b:ox?nfO{ sl/j (=*) cj{ j/fj/sf]
n3'shf{ k|jfx u/]sf] 5 . o; ;+3 cGt{utsf ;+:yfx?af6 b'Uw
k|zf]wg s[lif xf6jhf/ ;+rfng, t/sf/L ;+sng s]Gb| :yfkgf,
vfB k|zf]wg, jfnL ;'/Iff, ;fd'lxs l;FrfO{, vfg]kfgL, kz';]jf,
jLp j}+s, nf]k pGd'v hftLx?df ;]jf lj:tf/, kz' ;'/Iff Aoj:yf,
j}slNks phf{, lrof v]tL, :s'n ;+rfng, jfnjfnLsf :ofxf/
s]Gb|, u|fdL0f j}+s, kz'kfng, cflb h:tf sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng x'Fb}
cfPsf] 5 . ut cf=j=)&)÷&! df g]kfn ;/sf/af6 k|fKt cg'bfg
/sd ? !=% nfvaf6 ljleGg k|sl[ tsf tfnLd ;+rfng u/L !@%
hgfnfO{ k|lzIf0f k|bfg u/]sf] b]lvG5 . ;+3 cGt{ut s]Gb|Lo :t/df
!^ hgf, lkmN8 :t/df @@ hgf / ljb]zL :jo+;]js # hgf ;d]t
$! hgf sd{rf/Lx? sfo{/t 5g\ . o; ;+3sf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{no
s'k08f]n, nlntk'/df /x]sf] 5 . o; ;+3af6 cfˆg} s]lGb|o :t/sf]
157
k|lzIf0f s]Gb| :yfkgfsf] nfuL lrtjg lhNnfsf] aR5f}nL
uf=lj=;=df ?= @ s/f]8 #) nfv a/fa/sf] rf/ laufxf hldg
vl/b u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
8 g]kfn s]Gb|Lo hl8j'6L ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=, M g]kfn s]Gb|Lo hl8j'6L
;xsf/L ;+3 ln= sf] :yfkgf @)^* ;fndf ePsf] xf] . o; ;+3df
xfn ;Dd @ j6f ljifout lhNnf ;+3 / %) j6f k|f/lDes ;+:yf
;d]t hDdf %@ j6f ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] cfj4tf 5 . pQm ;+3
cGt{ut xfn d'n'ssf] !^ lhNnfdf sof{qmd lj:tf/ ePsf] 5 .
cf=j= )&)÷&! df g]kfn ;/sf/af6 g]kfn s]Gb|Lo hl8a'6L
;xsf/L ;+3 ln= ;d]t * j6f s]Gb|Lo:t/sf ljleGg ;+3x?nfO{
Psd'i7 ?kdf k|fKt ? ^ nfv cg'bfg / ;+3x?sf] ;xeflutf
;d]t u/L hDdf ? @% nfvsf] vr{df sf7df08f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf
jf8{ g+= #$ df ;xsf/L ahf/ ;+rfngsf] sfd z'? ul/Psf] lyof]
.
9 s]Gb|Lo pv' pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=, M cGt/f{li6«o d'No dfGotf
/ l;4fGtx?sf] cfwf/df ;b:ox?df 5l/P/ /x]sf] >f]t /
;fwgnfO{ PsLs[t u/L ;b:ox?sf lgjf{lrt k|ltlglwx?åf/f
;+rflnt Pj+ k|hftflGqs k4ltaf6 lgolGqt ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf]
dfWodåf/f pv' pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf ;b:ox?sf] cfly{s,
;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts ljsf;sf] nflu Ps pv' pTkfbs
;xsf/L u7g u/L ;+rfng ug{ cfjZos ePsf]n] ;xsf/L P]g,
@)$* cg';f/ s]Gb|Lo pv' pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=sf] ldlt
)^^.!@.@& df btf{ ePsf] xf] . xfn ;+3sf] sfof{no jlb{jf;,
dxf]Q/Ldf /x]sf] 5 / o; ;+3df $^ ;+:yf cfj4 /x]sf] 5 . o;
;+3n] l;/fxf lhNnfsf] rGb|nfnk'/df ld7fe]nL pBf]u ;+rfng
u/]sf] 5 . /fli6«o ;xsf/L ljsf; af]8;
{ u+
;dGjo u/L @
lbj;Lo g]t[Tj ljsf; / n]vfkfng tfnLd ;+rfng u/]sf] b]lvG5
. cf=j= )&)÷&! df g]kfn ;/sf/af6 s]Gb|Lo pv' pTkfbs
;xsf/L ;+3 ln= ;d]t * j6f s]Gb|Lo:t/sf ljleGg ;+3x?nfO{
Psd'i7 ?kdf k|fKt ? ^ nfv cg'bfg / ;+3x?sf] ;xeflutf
;d]t u/L hDdf ? @% nfvsf] vr{df sf7df08f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf
jf8{ g+= #$ df ;xsf/L ahf/ ;+rfngsf] sfd z'? ul/Psf] lyof]
.
10 g]kfn ;'rgf tyf ;+rf/ s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=, M g]kfn ;'rgf
tyf ;+rf/ s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= sf] :yfkgf )^*.$.!^ df
158
11
12
ePsf] xf] . btf{sf] ;dodf @& j6f k|f/lDes ;+:yfx? cfj4
/x]sf]df xfn #^ j6f ;+:yfx?sf] cfj4tf /x]sf] 5 . cGt/f{li6«o
;xsf/L jif{sf] pknIfdf o; ;+3sf pkfWoIf >L lzj s'df/ 8fFuL
;d]tsf] 6f]nLn] ;xsf/Lsf] nf]uf]÷k|lts lrGx / ;xsf/Lsf] em08f
ldlt )^*.@.!# ut] ;u/dfyfsf] r'r'/f]df kmx/fpg] sfd ;DkGg
ePsf] lyof] . g]kfn ;/sf/af6 cf=j= )&).&! df k|fKt ? ! nfv
cg'bfg /sdaf6 sDKo'6/ ;d]tsf pks/0f ;fdfu|Lx? vl/b
ul/Ps]f lyof] . ;fy} ;xsf/Lsf e'ldsf ljifos cGt/lqmofdf #)
hgf kqsf/x?nfO{ ;xsf/L ;DjGwL tfnLd k|bfg ug]{ sfd ePsf]
lyof] .
h'gf/ s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= M ;xsf/L d'No dfGotf / l;4fGt
cg'?k ;xsf/Ltfsf] dfWodaf6 h'gf/ pTkfbgsf] Aofj;flos
ljsf; tyf jhf/ Aoj:yfkg u/L ;b:o ;+3 ;+:yf tyf ltgsf
;b:ox?sf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts ljsf; ug{sf nflu
;b:ox?jLr ;dGjo Pj+ cGt{;DjGwnfO{ ;'b[9 u/L h'gf/ pTkfbg
AojfonfO{ k|j4{g / ljsf; ug{sf nflu @)^^ ;fn j}zfv !&
ut] of] ;+3 ;xsf/L ljefudf btf{ ePsf] xf] . xfn o; ;+3df
/fd]5fk / l;Gw'nL lhNnfsf $( j6f k|f/lDes ;+:yfx? / @ j6f
;+3x? ;d]t %! j6f ;+3;+:yfx? cfj4 /x]sf] 5g\ . o; ;+3n]
ut cf=j=df g]kfn ;/sf/af6 k|fKt cg'bfg /sd ? ! nfv /
;+3sf] tkm{af6 ?= # nfv ^) xhf/ ;d]t hDdf ? $ nfv ^)
xhf/ af6 sDKo'6/ ;]6–!, lk|G6/–!, dlN6d]l8of k|f]h]S6/–!,
XjfO6 jf]8{–! vl/b ug{s
' f] ;fy} cfrf/;+lxtf ljifos–! / ahf/
Joj:yfkg ljifos–! ;d]t hDdf @ j6f uf]i7L / h'gf/ v]tL
;DjGwL k|fljlws Sofn]G8/ 5kfO{sf] sfd ePsf] lyof] . cf=j=
@)&)÷&! df h'gf/ v]tL k|ljlw ljifos k':ts k|sfzg u/]sf]
lyof] . cf=j=)&)÷&! df g]kfn ;/sf/af6 g]kfn s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L
;+3 ln= ;d]t * j6f s]Gb|Lo:t/sf ljleGg ;+3x?nfO{ Psd'i7
?kdf k|fKt ? ^ nfv cg'bfg / ;+3x?sf] ;xeflutf ;d]t u/L
hDdf ? @% nfvsf] vr{df sf7df08f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf jf8{ g+=
#$ df ;xsf/L ahf/ ;+rfngsf] sfd z'? ul/Psf] lyof] . o;
;+3n] ;fj{hlgs, ;xsf/L / gLlh ;fem]bf/Ldf h'gf/ k|zf]wg
pBf]u :yfkgfdf ;s[o ;xeflutf ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .
g]kfn df}/Lkfng s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= M cGt/f{li6«o ;xsf/L
dx;+3n] u/]sf] ;xsf/L d'No dfGotf / l;4fGt cg'?k
159
13
14
;xsf/Ltfsf] dfWodaf6 g]kfndf df}/Lkfng tyf dx pTkfbgsf]
Aofj;fl;os ljsf; tyf jhf/ Aoj:yfkg u/L g]kfndf 5l/P/
/x]sf df}/L Aoj;fo ;Fu ;DjlGwt ul/j, ljkGg, blnt, lk5l8Psf]
ju{, hflt tyf dlxnfx?sf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts
ljsf;ug{sf] nflu dx pTkfbg Aoj;fonfO{ k|j4{g / ljsf; ug{
cfjZos dx;'; u/L g]kfn df}/Lkfng dxf;+3sf] kxndf ldlt
)^$.$.#@ df j;]sf] klxnf] k|f/lDes e]nfsf] lg0f{ofg';f/ b]ze/
@& j6f ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?nfO{ cfj4 u/fO{ ;xsf/L P]g, @)$*
adf]lhd )^$.*.% sf lbg of] ;+3sf] :yfkgf ePsf] xf] . xfn o;
;+3df %& j6f df}/Lkfng ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? ;b:o /x]sf 5g\ .
cf=j=)&)÷&! df g]kfn ;/sf/af6 g]kfn df}/Lkfng s]Gb|Lo
;xsf/L ;+3 ln= ;d]t * j6f s]Gb|Lo:t/sf ljleGg ;+3x?nfO{
Psd'i7 ?kdf k|fKt ? ^ nfv cg'bfg / ;+3x?sf] ;xeflutf
;d]t u/L hDdf ? @% nfvsf] vr{df sf7df08f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf
jf8{ g+= #$ df ;xsf/L ahf/ ;+rfngsf] sfd z'? ul/Psf] lyof]
.
s]Gb|Lo slkm ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= M slkm pTkfbs s[ifsx?sf] cfly{s
tyf ;fdflhs pTyfg ug]{ clek|fon] d'ns
' e/sf slkm pTkfbs
;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?nfO{ pko'Qm dfu{bz{g lbO{ Aojf;los
;dGjo, ;xof]u / s]Gb|:t/Lo ;]jf k'¥ofpg s]Gb|Lo slkm ;xsf/L
;+3 ln= sf] :yfkgf ePsf] xf] . ;xsf/L P]g, @)$* cg';f/ ul7t
b]ze/ /x]sf slkm ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] 5ftf ;+u7gsf] ?kdf
@)^# d+;L/ # ut] ;xsf/L ljefudf btf{ ePsf] o; ;+3sf] k|d'v
p2]Zo ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yf tyf s[ifs ;b:ox?nfO{ slkm v]tL
Aoj;fosf] bLuf] pTkfbg tyf pTkflbt slkmsf] lgoldt jhf/
Aoj:yf ldnfO{ ;f]sf] dfWodaf6 ;b:ox?sf] cfo :t/df j[l4 ug{
pTk|l] /t u/L ;xsf/LtfnfO{ ul/jL lgjf/0fsf] ;zQm cleofgsf]
?kdf cuf8L j9fpg' /x]sf] 5 . o; ;+3df xfn !) j6f ;+3 /
$# j6f ;+:yf u/L %# j6f ;+3;+:yf cfj4 /x]sf 5g\ . o; ;+3n]
cf=j= @)&)÷&! df g]kfn ;/sf/af6 ? %) xhf/ / ;+3sf]
nfut ;xeflutfaf6 klNkª d]lzg vl/b u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
g]kfn ljB't s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=, M ;xsf/L ljefuåf/f ldlt
)^&.!@.!! df g]kfn ljB't s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=sf] btf{ ePsf]
xf] . o; ;+3df xfn %( j6f k|f/lDes ljB't ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?
;+ul7t /x]sf 5g\ . cf=j= @)&)÷&! df g]kfn ;/sf/af6 k|fKt
160
cg'bfg /sd ? %) xhf/ ;d]t ;+Vofsf] nfut ;xeflutfaf6
o; ;+3sf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf cfjZos kg]{ kmlg{r/ vl/b ug'{sf]
;fy} ! j6f cGt/lqmof uf]i7L ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .
15 s]Gb|Lo lrof ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= M g]kfndf ;g !(@) b]lv lrof
v]tLsf] ;'?jft eO{ vf; u/L d'ns
' sf] k'lj{ If]q– O{nfd, kfFry/,
emfkf, wgs'6f nufotsf lhNnfx?df gub] jfnLsf] ?kdf v]tL
ul/b} cfPsf]df xfnsf jif{x?df lrof v]tLsf] lj:tf/ eO{ cGo
lhNnfx?df klg Aoj;flos ?kdf pTkfbg ;'? ePsf] 5 .
;xsf/L ljefudf ldlt )^&.%.#! ut] s]Gb|Lo lrof ;xsf/L
;+3sf] btf{ eO{ ljz]if u/L k|f/lDes lrof ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?nfO{
cfjZos ;xof]u / gLltut ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] sfd x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 .
xfn ;Dd o; ;+3df ^* j6f k|f/lDes ;+:yfx? cfj4 /x]sf 5g\
eg] % j6f lhNnf ;+3x? cfj4 /x]sf 5g\ . cf=j= )&)÷&! df
g]kfn ;/sf/af6 s]Gb|Lo lrof ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= ;d]t * j6f
s]Gb|Lo:t/sf ljleGg ;+3x?nfO{ Psd'i7 ?kdf k|fKt ? ^ nfv
cg'bfg / ;+3x?sf] ;xeflutf ;d]t u/L hDdf ? @% nfvsf]
vr{df sf7df08f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf jf8{ g+= #$ df ;xsf/L ahf/
;+rfngsf] sfd z'? ul/Psf] lyof] . To;}u/L $$ j6f lrof
;xsf/L ;+:yfsf k|ltgLlwx?nfO{ ef/tdf cjnf]sg e|d0f, @)
hgfnfO{ kN;{ tflnd, ^) hgfnfO{ Joj;flos g]t[Tj tflnd, @)
j6f ;xsf/Lsf] Joj;flos of]hgf th{d
' f, lrofaf/L Pkm=Pd=
;+rfng, lrof lbj; / cg'udg lg/LIf0fsf sfdx? klg ;DkGg
ePsf lyP .
16 g]kfn s]Gb|Lo :jf:Yo ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= M
;xsf/L P]g @)$* cGt{ut /xL b]z e/ ;+rflnt :jf:Yo ;xsf/L
;+:yf tyf :jf:Yo ;Fu ;DjlGwt ;]jfnfO{ cfkm\gf] d'n p2]Zosf]
?kdf sfo{/t ;xsf/L ;+:yf tyf ;+3x?sf] k|j4{g / ljsf;sf
nflu cfjZos e'ldsf lgjf{x ug{sf nflu ldlt @)^* >fj0f @@
ut] ;xsf/L ljefudf btf{ eO{ sf7df08f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf–!%,
7'nf] e/ofª\, :joDe'df cfkm\gf] sfof{no :yfkgf u/L ;+rfngdf
/x]sf] 5 . xfn b]ze/ btf{ ePsf s'n &) j6f :jf:Yo ;xsf/L
;+:yfx? dWo] klZrdsf] ;Nofg b]lv k'js
{ f] emfkf ;Ddsf u/L #@
j6f ;xsf/L ;+:yf / ! dfq sf7df08f}+ lhNnf :jf:Yo ;+3 o;df
cfj4 eO{ ;s]sf] 5g\ . o; ;+3sf] z]o/ k'FhL ? $ nfv % xhf/
/x]sf] 5 .
161
!& g]kfn ax'p2]ZoLo s]lGb|o ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=
g]kfn ax'p2]ZoLo s]lGb|o ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= sf] :yfkgf
@)^(÷*÷@) df ePsf] xf] . xfn o; ;+3df *^ j6f k|f/lDes
;xsf/L ;+:yf / ^ j6f ;+3 ;d]t u/L hDdf (@ j6f
;+3;+:yfx?sf] cfj4tf /x]sf] 5 . of] ;+3n] /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3sf]
;b:otf ;d]t k|fKt u/]sf] b]lvG5 . o; ;+3sf] z]o/ kFlh ?= ^$
nfv, art kl/rfng ?= ^=% s/f]8 / cf=j= )&)÷&! df ;DkGg
sfo{x? dWo] ;b:otf lj:tf/, cGt/lqmof uf]i7L ;+rfng, gLltut
nlaª cflb ePsf] / o; cf=j=df cfDbfgL ?=()=$! nfv /x]sf]
b]lvG5 .
!* aLp pTkfbs s]lGb|o ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=
s]lGb|o aLpljhg ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= sf] btf{ @)^(÷*÷@) ut]
ePsf] xf] . ;+3sf] d'n p2]Zo u'0f:t/Lo lap pTkfbg /
ahf/Ls/0f ug'{ xf] . xfn ;Dd o; ;+3df !! lhNnfsf @( j6f
k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] cfj4tf /x]sf] 5 . cf=j=)&)÷&!
df g]kfn ;/sf/af6 aLp pTkfbs s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= ;d]t
* j6f s]Gb|Lo:t/sf ljleGg ;+3x?nfO{ Psd'i7 ?kdf k|fKt ? ^
nfv cg'bfg / ;+3x?sf] ;xeflutf ;d]t u/L hDdf ? @%
nfvsf] vr{df sf7df08f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf jf8{ g+= #$ df ;xsf/L
ahf/ ;+rfngsf] sfd z'? ul/Psf] lyof] .
!(_ g]kfn s]Gb|Lo dT:o ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=
k/Dkf/ut df5fkfng Joj;fonfO{ cfw'lgsLs/0f /
Jofj;foLs/0f ug]{ p2]Zon] g]kfn s]Gb|Lo dT:o ;xsf/L ;+3
ln=sf] u7g @)&)÷#÷#) df ePsf] xf] . xfn o; ;+3df #@
j6f k|f/lDes ;+:yf / # j6f ;+3 cfj4 /x]sf] 5g\ . o; cjlwdf
;+3n] ;fwf/0f;ef ;DkGg u/]sf], df5fkfng ;DaGwL tfnLd
;+rfng u/]sf] / df5f gLlt lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5 .
162
kl/R5]b (
;xsf/L ljefu
(=! jflif{s sfo{qmd ;+rfng sfo{ljlw, @)&!
;xsf/L ljefu cGtu{tsf l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no / ;xsf/L
k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{nox?n] rfn' cf=a= @)&!÷&@ df ;xsf/L
k|lzIf0f s]Gb tkm{ a=lz=g+ #%@!##–#÷$ / ;xsf/L If]q ;'b9[ Ls/0f
cfof]hgf tkm{ a=lz=g+= #%@!#$–#÷$ cGtu{t :jLs[t aflif{s
sfo{qmdsf] sfof{Gjogdf Ps?ktf Nofpg] p4]Zosf ;fy of] sfo{ljlw
tof/ u/L nfu ul/Psf] 5 .
tflnd tyf k|lzIf0f -j=lz=g+= #%@!##–#÷$_ tkm{
;xsf/L ljefuaf6 k|fKt clVtof/L / /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u÷;xsf/L
tyf u/LjL lgjf/0f dGqfnoaf6 :jLs[t aflif{s÷rf}dfl;s sfo{qmd
adf]lhd l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no / ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg
sfof{noaf6 ;+rfng x'g] ljleGg tflnd sfo{s|d sfof{Gjog ubf{{ lgDg
cg';f/sf] sfo{ljlw clgjfo{ ?kdf k'/f ug'{kg]{5 .
-!_
;xefuLx?sf] 5gf}6 M
tflnd sfo{qmddf ;dfj]z x'g] ;xefuLx?df b]xfosf] Go'gtd
of]Uotf k'u]sf JolQmx? x'g' kg]{5 M
• tflnd sfo{qmddf ;xefuL JolQmx? ;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yfsf ;b:o,
;+rfns / sd{rf/Lx? x'g'kg]{ .
• lhNnfdf u7g ePsf ljleGg k|sl[ tsf ;+:yf ;+Vofsf] cfwf/df
k|lzIffyL{ 5gf}+6 ug'{ kg]{ .
• kj{ ;xsf/L lzIff, ;r]tgf / cfwf/et ;xsf/L Aoj:yfkg
tfnLdsf] xsdf ;fdfGo n]vk9 ug{ hfGg] t/ n]vfkfng, kN;{
cg'udg / cGo clws[t:t/sf] tfnLdsf] xsdf P;=Pn=;L= pQL{0f
x'g' kg]{5 .
• ;se/ lhNnfsf ;a} ef}uf]lns tyf ;fdflhs If]qsf] k|ltlglwTj
ePsf] x'g'kg]{,
• ;xefuLsf] ;+Vof k|To]s tflnddf slDtdf @% hgf x'g'kg]{,
• Ps} lsl;dsf] tflnddf klxn] ;xefuL eO{;s]sf]nfO{ k'gM ;dfj]z
gug]{ .
163
• kj{ ;xsf/L lzIff tfnLdsf] nflu ljlwjt ul7t ;dxsf ;b:o
ePsf] x'g'kg]{ .
-@_
k|lzIfsx?sf] 5gf}6 M
s_;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{noaf6 ;+rfng ul/g] tflndsf]
nflu k|lzIfsx?df b]xfosf] of]Uotf k'u]sf] x'g' kg]{ 5M
• :gfts jf ;f] eGbf dflysf] z}lIfs of]Uotf eO{ ;xsf/L If]qdf
sfo{ cg'ej ePsf] x'g' kg]{ ,
• k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tflnd k|fKt -lzIf0f sfo{df ;+nUg x'g k|lzIfsn]
slDtdf Ps xKtfsf] TOT lnPsf] _ x'g'kg]{
• sfof{nosf] sd{rf/L eGbf jflx/jf6 klg of]Uotf k'u]sf] JolQmnfO{
k|lzIfssf] ?kdf lng ;lsg] .
v_l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no cGt/ut ;xsf/L If]q ;'b9[ Ls/0f
cfof]hgf ;d]tjf6 ;+rfng x'g] ljleGg tflndsf] nfluM
k|lzIfsx?df b]xfosf] of]Uotf k'u]sf] x'g' kg]{ 5 M
• sDtLdf k|df0f kq tx ptL0f{ eO{ ;xsf/L If]qdf sfo{/t /x]sf] .
• k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tflnd k|fKt jf k|lzIf0fsf] If]qdf sfo{/t /x]sf]
jf ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f ;DjGwL cg'ej ePsf] .
• sfof{nosf] sd{rf/L eGbf jflx/ jf6 klg of]Uotf k'us
] f] JolQmnfO{
k|lzIfssf] ?kdf lng ;lsg] .
-#_ tflnd sfo{qmd ;+rfng ubf{ lgDg jdf]lhdsf k|lzIf0f
;fdfu|Lx?sf] k|of]u ePsf] x'g'kg]{5 M
• k|lzIf0f sfo{qmddf k|lzIf0f ;fdfu|Lx?, dfs{/, k|lzIf0f af]8,{
dN6Ld]l8of, Overhead Projector, Multi-media Projector, Flip
chart, cfbLsf] k|of]u ug'{kg]{,
• tfnLd ;xeflutfTds ?kdf ;+rfng ug{ ;dx
5nkmn÷cGt/ls|of h:tf lqmofsnfk ;d]t ;+nUg ug'{kg]{,
• ;+ej eP;Dd glhssf] pTs[i6 ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] cfwf sfo{lbgsf]
:ynut e|d0f /fVg] .
164
-$_ k|lzIffyL{n] k|fKt ug]{ ;'ljwfx? M
•
•
•
•
•
-%_
k|lzIf0f sfo{qmddf ;xefuL eP jfkt k|lzIffyL{x?nfO{
:jLs[t gD;{ jdf]lhdsf] b]xfosf ;'ljwfx? k|bfg ug'{ kg]{5 .
g]kfn ;/sf/jf6 :jLs[t u/]sf] gD;{sf] k|ltlnlk cg';rL !
df ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .
b}lgs eQf -cy{ dGqfnojf6 :jLs[t gD;{, ;xsf/L tyf
ul/jL lgjf/0f dGqfnosf] lgb]{zg tyf clVtof/L / cfly{s
sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL @)^$ cg';f/_,
kl/jxg ;[l' jwf eP ;f] jfktsf] ef8f,
:6]zg/L ;fdfg
kf7\o ;fdfu|L,
vfhf, cfbL .
tflnd ;dfkg ePkl5 M
•
•
•
•
•
tflndsf] dNof+sg ug]{,
k|ltj]bg - ljefudf k|ltj]bg k7fpbf tflnd lnPsf
JolQm / >f]t JolQmx?sf] ljj/0f klg k7fpg]_ .
tflnd kj{ k/LIff -Pre-test_ / tflnd kl5sf] k/LIff
(Post -test) lnO{ cWofjlws ug]{ .
tflnd k|fKt ug]{ JolQmx?sf] clen]v /fVg] .
tflnd ;DkGg ePkl5 k|df0f kq k|bfg ug]{ .
;xsf/L If]q ;'b9[ Ls/0f cfof]hgf -j=lz=g+= #%@!#$–#÷$_
tkm{
;xsf/L ljefuaf6 k|fKt clVtof/L] / /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u÷;xsf/L
tyf u/LjL lgjf/0f dGqfnoaf6 :jLs[t aflif{s÷rf}dfl;s sfo{qmd
cg';f/ ;xsf/L If]q ;'b9[ Ls/0f cfof]hgf tkm{ ;dfj]z ePsf
sfo{sd
| x? sfof{Gjog ubf{ lgDgfg';f/sf] k|s[of cjnDjg ug'{kg]{5M
!= ;rgf k|ljlwdf cfwfl/t tYof+s Joj:yfkg M
k|To]s l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no tyf ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg
sfof{non] cfk\mgf] k|fb]lzs clwsf/ If]q leqsf lhNnfdf ;+rflnt
;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] tYofªs cWofjlws ?kdf ;+sng, clen]vg,
ljZn]if0f ;lxt lhNnf Profile k|sfzg ug]{ . k|fb]lzs If]qsf ;rgfx?
sfof{nosf] sDKo6/df Store/Save u/L ;'/lIft ;fy /fVg] . o;
l;nl;nfdf ;+sng ul/g] ljj/0fx? ;'/lIft /fVg ljefun] pknJw
165
u/fPsf] Format/Soft ware sf] k|of]u ug]{ . ;xsf/L ;rgf ;DaGwL
clen]v tof/ u/L Soft Copy / Hard Copy ljefudf k7fpg] .
@= ;xsf/L ;rgf k|ljlw tyf OG6/g]6 ;]jf lj:tf/ M
;xsf/L sfof{nox?n] cfˆgf] k|fb]lzs If]qleq ;+rflnt k|To]s ;xsf/L
;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] tYof+s cWofjlws u/L k|ToIf ?kdf ljefudf k7fpg
cfjZos OG6/g]6 ;]jf vl/b u/L clwstd ?kdf Internet ;]jf
k|of]u ug{], cfcfˆgf] sfof{nosf] Web Site lgdf{0f tyf ljsf; u/L
;f] sf] k|of]u ug]{ / ;'rgf k|ljlw ;Fu ;DaGwLt hgzlQm ljsf; sDKo6/ tfnLd_ sf] sfd ug]{ . sfof{nodf k|of]u x'g] Internet Pj+ Email nufotsf ;'ljwf ;d]t o;af6 pkof]u ug{ Aoj:yf ldnfpg'
kg]{5 .
@-s_= ;xsf/L ;rgf ;+hfn Aoj:yfkgsf] nflu OG6/g]6 ;]jf lj:tf/
tyf ;+:yfut clen]v sDKo6/s[t Pj+ :SoflgªM
;xsf/L ;+3;+:yfx?sf] ;+Vof j9L /x]sf] ;xsf/L sfof{nox?n] cfˆgf]
k|fb]lzs If]qleq ;+rflnt k|To]s ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] tYof+s
cWofjlws u/L OG6/g]6 ;]jf vl/b ug{, ;'rgf k|ljlw ;Fu ;DaGwLt
hgzlQm s/f/df lng], ;xsf/L ;rgf ;+sng ug],{ sDKo6/df
clen]vg ug]{, k'/fgf] kmfOnjf6 :Soflgª ug]{, :Soflgª u/]sf] ;rgf
sDKo6/df /fVg], ljB'tLo kmfOlnª ug]{ / clwstd ?kdf Internet
;]jf k|of]u ug{], cfcfˆgf] sfof{nosf] Web Site lgdf{0f tyf ljsf;
u/L ;f] sf] k|of]u ug]{ / ;'rgf k|ljlw ;Fu ;DaGwLt hgzlQm ljsf; sDKo6/ tfnLd_ sf] sfd ug]{ . sfof{nodf k|of]u x'g] Internet Pj+ Email nufotsf ;'ljwf ;d]t o;af6 pkof]u ug{ Aoj:yf ldnfpg'
kg]{5 .
#=;dx ;xsf/Ls/0fsf] nflu kj{ ;xsf/L lzIff tyf Ifdtf ljsf;
sfo{sd
| M
ul/jLsf] /]vf d'gL /x]sf nlIft ju{ / ;d'xsf] klxrfg u/L kj{
;xsf/L lzIff tfnLd ;+rfng, ;+:yf u7g Pjd\ ;dx ;zlQms/0f ug{
l;dfGt s[ifs tyf >ldsju{, dlxnf, cflbjf;L, blnt -sfdL bdfO{,
;fsL{, jfbL, uGwj{, kf]8], d';x/, 8f]d, rdf/, b';fb, wf]lj cflb_, /fp6],
jgsl/of, ;'s'Djf;L, d'Qmsd}of, sdn/L, xlnof, l/S;f rfns tyf
cGo ;jf/L dhb'/, ;/;kmfO{ dhb'/ nufot cGo l;dfGt
gful/sx?sf] ;xeflutfdf ;xsf/L ;+:yf btf{ u/L sfggL x}l;ot
k|bfg ug'{ kg]{ 5 . ah]6 aStAodf pNn]lvt gLlt tyf sfo{s|d
166
sfof{Gjogsf nflu d'n'ssf] ;j} uf=lj=;=df ;xsf/Lsf] kx'r lj:tf/
ug]{ p4]Zon] xfn ;Dd ;xsf/L ;+:yf btf{ gePsf uf=lj=;=x?df
;+:yf lgdf{0fsf] nflu kj{ ;xsf/L lzIff sfo{s|d s]Gb|Lt ug'{ kg]{5 .
;dx ;xsf/Ls/0f tyf kj{ ;xsf/L lzIff sfo{s|d ;+rfng ubf{ lgDg
adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw cjnDjg ug'{kg]{5 .
s= ul/j ;dbfodf cfwfl/t ;dx klxrfgM
;DalGwt lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no, lhNnf s[lif ljsf;
sfof{no, lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no, dlxnf ljsf; sfof{no, ul/aL
lgjf/0f sf]if / cGo ;/sf/L tyf u}/ ;/sf/L lgsfox?af6 u7g
u/]sf ljleGg ;dxx?sf] tYof+s cWofjlws u/L kj{ ;xsf/L lzIff
tfnLd ;+rfng ug]{
v= ;xsf/L ;+:yf u7g gePsf uf=lj=;=klxrfgM ;xsf/L sfof{nosf]
k|fb]lzs If]q leqsf lhNnfdf ;dfj]z uf=lj=;=x?df ;xsf/L
;+:yf u7g ePsf] 5 5}g olsg u/L ;+:yf gePsf uf=lj=;=df ;dx
klxrfg u/L ;xsf/L lzIff tfnLd ;+rfng ug]{ .
u= cEoog tyf k|fKt tYof+ssf cfwf/df lgDgfg';f/sf ljifodf s]Gb|Lt
/lx ;dxsf] jlu{s/0f ug]{,
• ;b:o ;+Vof slDtdf @% ePsf] -t/ Pp6} ;d'xdf @% hgf
gePsf] cj:yfdf b'O{ jf tLg ;d'x ldnfO a9L ;xeflutf u/fpg] _,
• ;dxsf] ?kdf lqmoflzn / ;fd'lxs p2]Zo k|flKtdf sl6j4,
;+:yfsf] u7g kZrft ;+rfng ug{ ;Sg] lzk / Ifdtf ljsf; e}
;s]sf / ;DalGwt sfof{no -s[lif ljsf;, kz' ;]jf, dlxnf
ljsf;, lh=lj=;, ul/jL lgjf/0f sf]if nufot cGo ;/sf/L tyf
u}/ ;/sf/L lgsfo_ af6 l;kmfl/; eO{ cfPsf] .
3= ;dxnfO{ ;xsf/L ;DjGwL cg'lzIf0f tyf kj{ ;xsf/L lzIff tfnLd
k|bfg ug]{,
ª= ;xsf/L P]g @)$* tyf ;xsf/L lgodfjnL @)$( / ljefuLo lgb]{lzsf
tyf kl/kqsf] clwgdf /lx ;xsf/L
;+:yfsf] btf{ ug]{ jf btf{sf lgldQ tf]lsPsf] sfof{nodf l;kmfl/; ug]{ .
$= ;xsf/L ;'zf;g tyf ;dGjosf] nflu ;xsf/LsdL{x? jLr
cGtlqm{ofM
cfkm\gf] sfo{If]qleqsf ;xsf/LsdL{x? jLr ;dGjo u/L cGt/ ;xsf/L ;xof]usf]
lj:tf/ / ;xsf/L Aoj:yfkg sfo{df Ps?ktf Nofpg'sf] ;fy} ;xsf/L
;+3÷;+:yfx?df kf/blz{tf / ;'zf;g sfod ug]{ p4]Zon] of] sfo{qmd ;+rfng
ug{ nfluPsf] xf] . o; cGt/ls|of uf]i7Ljf6 cGt/ ;xsf/L ;xof]u / ;dGjodf
a[l4 x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . of] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ubf{ lgDg kIfdf Wofg lbP/
;+rfng ug]{ M
167
s= ;doM Ps lbgsf] sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ug]{
v= ;xefuLx?M sfo{qmddf cfˆgf] k|fb]lzs sfo{If]qleqsf b]xfosf
kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] .
 sfof{nodf btf{ ePsf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?nfO{ ;xeflutfsf] nflu
;rgf u/L ;f] jdf]lhd ;xefuL x'g cfpg] ;+rfns ;b:ox? .
 lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+3 tyf ljifout ;xsf/L ;+3sf kbflwsf/Lx?
.
 kqsf/÷;dfh;]jL, ;xsf/L lj1, n]vfk/LIfs cflbsf]
;xeflutf u/fpg] .
u=5nkmn÷sfo{kqsf ljifox? M
o; cGtlqm{of sfo{qmddf sDtLdf @ j6f sfo{kqx? k|:t't ug'{ kg]{ 5
. h;df ;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yfsf] ;'zf;g, cGt/ ;xsf/L ;xof]u /
;dGjo / ;xsf/Lsf] ljsf;sf] nflu ;Djlwt lhNnfsf] efjL sfo{lbzf
tyf sfo{s|dx? x'g] 5g . sfo{qmddf k]z ul/g] sfo{kqsf k|:t'tstf{,
l6Kk0fLstf{ tyf k|ltj]bg ug]{ JolQmnfO{ ;xsf/L tyf ul/jL lgjf/0f
dGqfnon] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] gD;{sf clwgdf /xL kfl/>lds /sd e'QmfgL
lbg] .
3= cGt/lqmof ;+rfng ljlw M
 ;xeflutfTds ljlw,
 cfjZostf cg';f/ Meta Card, Multi-media Projector
jf HP sf] k|of]u,
 ;dx ljefhg / 5nkmn,
ª_ ;xeflux?n] k|fKt ug]{ ;'ljwf M
:jLs[t ah]6sf] clwgdf /xL ;xsf/L dGqfnoaf6 :jLs[t gD;{
jdf]lhd b]xfosf ;'ljwf k|bfg ug]{ .
 kl/jxg
 :6]zg/L ;dfu|L
 kf7\o ;fdfu|L
 vfhf cflb
r_ cGtlqm{of ;dfkg ePkl5 M
 cGtlqm{ofsf] dNof+sg
 k|ltj]bg -lgwf{l/t k|ult kmf/ddf ef}lts / ljlQo k|ult :ki6
v'Ng] ul/ _
 ;'emfj sfof{Gjog ug{ ;DjlGwt sfof{no / ljefun] ug'{kg]{
lqmofsnfk cflb .
168
%= ;xsf/L ;'zf;g / kf/blz{tfsf] nflu n]vfk/LIfsx? jLr
cGtlqm{of uf]i7LM
cfkm\gf] sfo{If]qleq kg]{ lhNnfsf n]vfk/LIfsx? jLr ;dGjo u/L ;xsf/L ;+3
;+:yfx?sf] n]vfk/LIf0f sfo{df Ps?ktf Nofpg / ;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yfx?df
kf/blz{tf / ;'zf;g sfod ug]{ p4]Zon] of] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ nfluPsf] xf] .
o; cGt/ls|of uf]i7Ljf6 ;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yfx?df kf/blz{tf / ;'zf;g a[l4 x'g]
ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . of] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ubf{ lgDg kIfdf Wofg lbP/ ;+rfng ug]{
M
s= ;doM Ps lbgsf] sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ug]{
v= ;xefuLx?M sfo{qmddf cfˆgf] k|fb]lzs sfo{If]qleqsf b]xfosf
kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] .
 sfof{nodf ;'rLs[t ePsf n]vfk/LIfs kmd{ tyf ;+:yfx?nfO{
sfo{qmddf ;xefuL x'g ;rgf ug]{ / pQm ;rgf jdf]lhd
;xefuL x'g cfpg] n]vfk/LIfsx? .
 lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+:yf, lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+3 tyf ljifout
;xsf/L ;+3sf kbflwsf/Lx? .
 kqsf/÷;dfh;]jL, ;xsf/L lj1, cflbsf] ;xeflutf u/fpg] .
u=5nkmn÷sfo{kqsf ljifox? M
o; cGtlqm{of sfo{qmddf sDtLdf @ j6f sfo{kqx? k|:t't ug'{ kg]{ 5
. h;df ;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yfsf] n]vfk/L0f, ;'zf;g, ;xsf/L n]vf
Aoj:yf / ;xsf/Lsf] ljsf;sf] nflu ;Djlwt lhNnfsf] efjL sfo{lbzf
tyf sfo{s|dx? x'g] 5g . sfo{qmddf k]z ul/g] sfo{kqsf k|:t'tstf{,
l6Kk0fLstf{ tyf k|ltj]bg ug]{ JolQmnfO{ ;xsf/L ljefun] lgwf{/0f u/]sf]
gD;{sf clwgdf /xL kfl/>lds /sd e'QmfgL lbg] .
3= cGt/lqmof ;+rfng ljlw M
 ;xeflutfTds ljlw,
 cfjZostf cg';f/ Meta Card, Multi-media Projector jf
HP sf] k|of]u,
 ;dx ljefhg / 5nkmn,
ª_ ;xeflux?n] k|fKt ug]{ ;'ljwf M
:jLs[t ah]6sf] clwgdf /xL ;xsf/L dGqfnoaf6 :jLs[t gD;{
jdf]lhd b]xfosf ;'ljwf k|bfg ug]{ .
 kl/jxg
 :6]zg/L ;dfu|L
 kf7\o ;fdfu|L
 vfhf cflb
r_ cGtlqm{of ;dfkg ePkl5 M
 cGtlqm{ofsf] dNof+sg
169
 k|ltj]bg -lgwf{l/t k|ult kmf/ddf ef}lts / ljlQo k|ult :ki6
v'Ng] ul/ _
 ;'emfj sfof{Gjog ug{ ;DjlGwt sfof{no / ljefun] ug'{kg]{
lqmofsnfk cflb .
^= k|fb]lzs If]qleq ;~rflnt nfO{g Ph]G;Lsf kbflwsf/Lx? jLr
cGtlqm{of uf]i7LM
cfkm\gf] k|fb]lzs If]qleq kg]{ lhNnfsf nfO{g Ph]G;Lsf kbflwsf/Lx? jLr ;dGjo
u/L ;xsf/L If]qsf gLlt, P]g sfgg / o; ;+rflnt sfo{qmdx? sf] af/]df
hfgsf/L lbg] / cGt/lqmof ug]{ p4]Zon] of] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ nfluPsf] xf] .
o; cGt/ls|of uf]i7Ljf6 nfOg P]h]G;Lx? aLr ;xsf/L ;DaGwL 1fg clej[4L
x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . of] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ubf{ lgDg kIfdf Wofg lbP/ ;+rfng
ug]{ M
s= ;doM Ps lbgsf] sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ug]{
v= ;xefuLx?M sfo{qmddf cfˆgf] k|fb]lzs sfo{If]qleqsf b]xfosf
kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] .
 k|fb]lzs sfo{ If]q leqsf lhNnfdf sfo{/t ljleGg sfof{nosf
k|d'v lhNNff clwsf/L, sfo{no k|d'v tyf kbflwsf/Lx?
 ;DalGwt lhNnfsf ;ef;b, tyf /fhgLlts bnsf k|ltlglwx?
.
 :yfgLo u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx? .
 kqsf/÷;dfh;]jL, ;xsf/L lj1, cflbsf] ;xeflutf u/fpg] .
u=5nkmn÷sfo{kqsf ljifox? M
o; cGtlqm{of sfo{qmddf sDtLdf @ j6f sfo{kqx? k|:t't ug'{ kg]{ 5
. h;df ;xsf/L If]qsf gLlt, P]g sfgg tyf sfo{qmd / k|fb]lzs If]q
leq ;xsf/L pBdsf] ;Defjgf Pjd\ ;xsf/Lsf] ljsf;sf] nflu
;Djlwt lhNnfsf] efjL sfo{lbzf tyf sfo{s|dx? x'g] 5g . sfo{qmddf
k]z ul/g] sfo{kqsf k|:t'tstf{, l6Kk0fLstf{ tyf k|ltj]bg ug]{
JolQmnfO{ ;xsf/L ljefun] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] gD;{sf clwgdf /xL
kfl/>lds /sd e'QmfgL lbg] .
3= cGt/lqmof ;+rfng ljlw M
 ;xeflutfTds ljlw,
 cfjZostf cg';f/ Meta Card, Multi-media Projector
jf HP sf] k|of]u,
 ;dx ljefhg / 5nkmn,
ª_ ;xeflux?n] k|fKt ug]{ ;'ljwf M
:jLs[t ah]6sf] clwgdf /xL ;xsf/L dGqfnoaf6 :jLs[t gD;{
jdf]lhd b]xfosf ;'ljwf k|bfg ug]{ .
 kl/jxg
170
 :6]zg/L ;dfu|L
 kf7\o ;fdfu|L
 vfhf cflb
r_ cGtlqm{of ;dfkg ePkl5 M
 cGtlqm{ofsf] dNof+sg
 k|ltj]bg -lgwf{l/t k|ult kmf/ddf ef}lts / ljlQo k|ult :ki6
v'Ng] ul/ _
 ;'emfj sfof{Gjog ug{ ;DjlGwt sfof{no / ljefun] ug'{kg]{
lqmofsnfk cflb .

&= :yfgLo :t/sf kqklqsfaf6 ;xsf/L ;DjGwL ;rgf ;fdfu|L
k|sfzg M
sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs clwsf/ If]qsf :yfgLo :t/df k|sflzt x'g] b}lgs÷;fKtflxs
÷kflIfs Pj+ dfl;s kq klqsf / :yfgLo Pkm=Pd=jf6 ;xsf/L If]q ;+u ;+jlGwt
;fj{hlgs ;rgfx? k|sfzg÷k|zf/0f ug]{ . :jLs[t jflif{s sfo{qmd cg';f/
rf}dfl;s ljefhg cg';f/sf] ;+Vofdf ;rgf k|sflzt ug]{ . kqklqsfdf ;rgf
;fdfu|L k|sfzg ubf{ ;rgfsf] k|s[lt cg';f/ /fli6|o jf k|fb]lzs clwsf/ If]qsf
:yflgo kqklqsf ;d]tnfO{ lbg] t/ /fli6|o dxTjsf] ;rgf ;fdfu|L ePdf ljefu
dfkm{t k|sfzg u/fpg] . ;xsf/L ;rgf k|sflzt ubf{ k|lt rf}dfl;s j9Ldf %
xhf/ ;Dd vr{ ug]{ .
*= ;xsf/L ;DjGwL hfu/0f ;fdfu|Lsf] ;Dkfbg, k|sfzg / ljt/0f÷
Pkm=Pd= k|;f/0f M ;xsf/L ;r]tgf tyf hfu/0f ;fdfu|Lx? tof/L ug]{ /
:jLs[t sfo{s|d cg';f/ cfˆgf] k|fb]lzs If]q leq Pkm=Pd /]l8of] dfkm{t k|zf/0f
ug]{ . :yfgLo Pkm=Pd= /]l8of]af6 ;xsf/L ;DjGwL hfu/0f ;fdfu|L k|;f/0f ubf{
:yfgLo ;xsf/L ;+3x?sf] ;xsfo{df ;DjGwLt lgsfo;Fu ;Demf}tf u/Lsfof{Gjog
ug]{ . ;xsf/L k|j4{g ;fdfu|L tof/ u/L k|zf/0f ug{ k7fpFbf g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
;xsf/L gLlt, ;xsf/L P]g sfg'gn] lglb{i6 u/]sf] Joj:yf, ljefuLo gLlt, kl/kq
;d]tnfO{ cfwf/ lng] . g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;xsf/L P]g, gLlt,lgod sfg'g cflb
ljkl/t / k|ltsn x'g] u/L ;fdfu|L k|sfzg / k|zf/0f gug]{ . :jLs[t sfo{s|d
adf]lhd rf}dfl;s ?kdf lgoldt Pkm=Pd /]l8of] dfkm{t k|zf/0f ug{ ;lsg] 5 .
(= ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] PsLs/0f / lgis[o ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf]
btf{ vf/]hL tyf lnSjL8]zg sfo{ M
-s_ ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yf PsLs/0fM
Pp6} sfo{ If]q leq btf{ ePsf Ps} k|s[ltsf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?nfO{ PsLs/0f u/L
;jn ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] :yfkgf ug{ / ;b:ox?sf] cfjZostf adf]lhd ;]jf
;'lglZrt ug{ ;xsf/L ;+:yf PsLs/0f sfo{s|d ;+rfng ug{ nfluPsf] xf] .
PsLs/0f sfo{s|d ;+rfng ubf{ ;b:ox?sf] cfjZostf / ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] dfu
171
jdf]lhd ug'{ kg]{5 . sfof{nosf] tkm{jf6 PsLs/0fsf] nfuL gLltut / k|s[ofut
;xlhs/0f tyf sfggL k|s[of cufl8 a9fpg' kg]{5 . ;+3 ;+:yf Plss/0f u/]
jfkt k|lt PsLs/0fsf] vr{ jfkt ?= %))) kf+r xhf/ ;Dd vr{ ug{ ;lsg] 5 .
v= lgis[o ;+3 ;+:yfsf] btf{ vf/]hLM
k|rlnt P]g sfgg cg';f/ btf{ ePsf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? dWo] lgis[o cj:yfdf
/x]sf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] klxrfg u/L lgis[o ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] btf{ vf/]hL
ug]{ tyf lnSjL8]zg ug'{ kg]{5 . lgis[o ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] btf{ vf/]hL ubf{ k|lt
;+:yf ? #))) ;Dd vr{ ug{ ;lsg]5 . lgis[o ;+:yfx?sf] btf{ vf/]hL tyf
nLSjL8]zg k|lqmofsf] nflu lgDg sfo{ljlwx? cjnDjg ug'{kg]{5 .
-!_ lgis[o ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] klxrfg÷5gf}6 M
 nuftf/ b'O{ jif{ ;Dd ;fwf/0f ;ef gePsf],
 nuftf/ b'O jif{sf] n]vfk/LIf0f gu/fPsf],
 ;+:yfn] lgoldt ?kdf j'emfpg' kg]{ ljj/0fx? ut b'O jif{ b]lv
gj'emfPsf],
 s'g} lgsfodf sf/jfxL grn]sf] / sf/jfxL gu/]sf] .
-@_ vf/]hL ug{ nfu]sf] hfgsf/L ;fj{hlgs ?kdf lbg] M
 :ynut lgl/If0f u/L :yfgLo JolQm jf ;b:ox?jf6 d'r'Nsf u/fpg] /
;DaGwLt ;+:yfnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg] .
 vf/]h x'g nfu]sf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] jf/]df ;DjlGwt ;+:yfnfO{ cfk\mgf]
;kmfO{sf k|df0f k]z ug{ #% lbgsf] ;do /fvL :yfgLo :t/sf]
kqklqsfdf ;rgf k|sflzt ug]{,
 ;rgfsf] Dofb leq k/]sf lgj]bgsf] hf+ra'em u/L ;xsf/L P]g jdf]lhd
btf{ vf/]h ug]{ .
-#_ btf{ vf/]h ePsf ;+:yfx?sf] lnSjL8]zg ug]{ M ;xsf/L P]g tyf lgodfjnLdf
pNn]lvt k|s[ofsf] cfwf/df ;DjlGwt ;+:yfsf] ;DkQL tyf bfloTj km/kmf/s ug{
lnSjL8]6/sf] lgo'lQmsf] nflu cg'dlt k|fKt ug]{ . lnSjL8]6/ lgo'Qm ug]{, ;+:yfsf]
;DklQ / bfloTj km/kmf/s ug]{ / km/kmf/s kl5 afFsL ar]sf] ;DklQsf] lhDdf
k|rlnt sfgg jdf]lhd x'g] Joj:yf ldnfpg] . olb ;+:yfsf] ;Dklt tyf
hfoh]yfjf6 vr{ ug]{ >f]t g/x]sf] cj:yfdf ;/sf/sf] tkm{jf6 Aoxf]g'{ kg]{ ePdf
lnSjL8]zg sfo{df nfUg] vr{sf] jf8kmf+8 b]xfo jdf]lhd x'g] u/L vr{sf]
Aoj:yfkg ug'{ kg]{ 5 M
!= lnSjL8]6/sf] kfl/>lds – ?= !),))).–
@= d;nGb vr{
– ?= @))).–
#= :yfgLo e|d0f vr{
– ?= @))).–
$= k|ltj]bg tof/L vr{ – ?= @))).–
%= ;'k/Lj]If0f vr{
– ?= $))).–
-$_ ;+3 ;+:yf PsLs/0f / btf{ vf/]hL tyf lnSjL8]zgsf] hfgsf/L ;fj{hlgs
ug]{, ljefudf hfgsf/L u/fpg] / sfof{nosf] cfk\mgf] /]s8{df z'/lIft /fVg]
Aoj:yf ldnfpg] .
172
!)= ;xsf/L lbj; sfo{qmdM k|To]s jif{ r}q @) ut] g]kfndf ;xsf/L lbj;
dgfOg] ul/Psf] 5 . ;f] lbj;nfO{ lhNnf:t/df ;d]t k|jflxt ul/ ;xsf/L k|j4{g
sfo{qmdnfO{ ult lbg] p2]Zon] ;+rfng ul/g] of] sfo{qmd cGt{ut lgDg
sfo{qmdx? lgDgfg';f/sf] sfo{ljlw k'/f ul/ ug'{ kb{5 .
s= ;xsf/L lbj; sfo{qmdsf] cj;/df cGt/lqmof÷5nkmn sfo{qmd
ldltM r}q @) ut],
sfo{qmd M Ps lbg,
ljifox?M s= k|eftkm]/L, ;xsf/L cfGbf]ngsf] ;ldIff tyf lhNnfsf
;xsf/L ultljwLx?sf] ;ldIff
v= :yfgLo :t/df ;xsf/Ltfsf] k|j4{g ug{ cfjZos k|rf/
k|;f/ Joj:yf,
u= bf]xf]/L uLt, lgjGw÷sljtf k|ltof]lutf nufotsf
;fF:s[lts sfo{qmd
;xefuLx?M
;xsf/LsdL{x?, k|dv
' /fhg}lts bnsf k|ltlglwx?,
ljleGg sfof{nosf k|d'v nufotsf JolQmx? .
v= cfkm\gf] sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs clwsf/ If]qleqsf pTs[i6 ;xsf/L ;+:yf, ;+:yfsf
kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/L tyf ;DjlGwt ;xsf/L sfof{nodf sfo{/t
sd{rf/LnfO{ k'/:sf/ tyf k|z+;f kq ljt/0f
!= ;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yf tyf kbflwsf/L Pj+ sd{rf/LnfO{ k'/:sf/÷k|;+zf kq
ljt/0fM
cfkm\gf] k|fb]lzs clwsf/ If]q leqsf ;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yf Pj+ tL ;+3÷;+:yfsf
kbflwsf/L tyf sd{rf/Lx? dWo]jf6 Pp6f ;+:yf tyf Ps hgf kbflwsf/L nfO{
k'/:sf/ tyf ;Ddfg k|bfg ug]{ . o;/L k|bfg ul/g] k'/:sf/ jf k|z+zf kq kfpg]
;+:yf jf kbflwsf/Lsf] 5gf}6 b]xfosf] cfwf/df ug]{ M
 ;xsf/L P]g÷lgodfjnL k|lt k|ltj4 / lqmoflzn,
 :jLs[t ljlgodsf] k0f{ kfngf,
 ;b:o ;xeflutf
 sf/f]jf/sf] k|s[lt / ;xsf/L sfof{no ;+usf] ;DjGw,
 clen]v Joj:yfkg / kf/blz{tf,
 ljut tLg jif{df lgoldt ;fwf/0f ;ef, ljgf e]befj r'gfj, n]vf
;ldltsf] Joj:yf u/]sf],
 n]vfk/LIf0f / ;f] sf] k|ltj]bg,
 ;b:ox? jLr / hgdfg;df ;+:yfsf] 5lj,
 ;+:yfsf] cj:yf, cflb
@= pTs[i6 sfo{ ug]{ ;xsf/L sfof{nosf Pshgf sd{rf/LnfO{ ?=@))). ;Ddsf]
gub k'/:sf/ tyf k|z+zf kq k|bfg ug]{ M
;xsf/L sfof{nodf sfo{/t /x]sf sd{rf/Lx? dWo] pTs[i6 sfo{ ug]{ Pshgf
sd{rf/LnfO{ b]xfosf] 5gf}6 cfwf/df cfwfl/t /lx k'/:sf/ / ;Ddfg kq k|bfg
ug]{
173
 sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{s'zntf, lgoldttf, kf/blz{tf, OdfGbf/Ltf, cg'zf;g /
;bfrf/
 ljut # aif{sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgdf (% k|ltzt eGbf a9L c+s k|fKt u/]sf] ,
 ;xsf/L ;DjGwL hfgsf/L / lqmoflzntfsf] ;fy} ;/f]sf/jfnf ju{
;+usf] ;DjGw / Jojxf/
 ;xsf/L ljefudf # aif{ / ;DjlGwt sfof{nodf ! aif{ ;]jf u/]sf] .
pk/f]Qmfg';f/sf] k'/:sf/x? tyf ;Ddfg kq ljt/0f sfo{ ;xsf/L lbj;sf]
cf}krfl/s ;df/f]xdf g} ug]{ .
!!= cg'udg lg/LIf0f / k|ltj]bg M
cfˆgf] k|fb]lzs If]q leq ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yfx?sf] lg/LIf0f tyf cg'udg
ug'{ kg]{ bfloTj ;DjlGwt ;xsf/L sfof{nox?sf] x'G5 . k|fKt hgzlQm, ah]6
Aoj:yf nufotsf l;dfx?nfO{ ljrf/ ubf{ rfn' cf=j=df :jLs[t sfo{qmddf
pNN]lvt ;+Vofdf ;xsf/L ;+3 ;:yfx?sf] ultljlwx? ;3g ?kdf cg'udg /
lg/LIf0f ug]{ k|of]hgsf nflu k|:t't sfo{qmd ;dfj]z ul/Psf] xf] . of] sfo{qmd
sfof{Gjog ubf{ ;xs/L P]g, lgodfjnL, dfkb08 / cGo k|rlnt P]g sfggn]
lglb{i6 u/]sf] k|lqmof k'/f ug'{sf cltl/Qm lg/LIf0f, cg'udg jf e|d0fsf] ;dfKtL
kl5 clgjfo{ ?kdf k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L ljefudf k]z ug'{kg]{ 5 . pNn]lvt ;3g
cg'udgsf] sfd k'/f u/] jfkt k|lt ;+:yf ?= @))) ;Dd vr{ n]Vg ;lsg]5 .
k|ltj]bgx?n] p7fPsf s}lkmotx?sf] ;DaGwdf 5nkmn ug{, ;'wf/sf sfo{of]hgf
dfu ug{ / lgb]{zg lbg ljefuaf6 tf]lsPsf sd{rf/Lx? ;DalGwt lhNnfdf hfg]
Joj:yf ldnfO{g5
] .
!@= tfnLd sfo{sd
| M ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[9Ls/0f cfof]hgfj tkm{ ## l8lehg
;xsf/L sfof{nox?df ;xsf/L ;r]tgf tfnLd / ;xeflutfTds ;xsf/L
Aoj:yfkg tyf n]vfkfng tfnLd ;+rfng x'g]5g .
s= ;xsf/L ;r]tgf tfnLd M ;xsf/L ;+:yf u7g eO sfggL x}l;ot k|fKt
ul/;s]kl5 ;+:yf ;+rfng k|lqmofsf] af/]df ;b:ox?nfO{ k|lzIf0f k|bfg ug{
b'O{ lbj;Lo tflndsf] sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ug{ of] ;xsf/L ;r]tgf tflndsf]
Joj:yf ul/Psf] xf] . 5f]6f] ;dodf ;b:ox?nfO{ ;xsf/L ;DalGw
Jo:yfksLo 1fg k|bfg ug{ of] tflnd cToGt k|efjsf/L x'g] x'bfF k|lt
tflndsf] nflu ?= #),)))÷– -tL; xhf/_ ;Dd vr{ ug{ ;lsg] 5 .
tfnLdsf] sfo{ljlw / gD;{ ;DjGwL cGo s'/fx?sf] xsdf ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f
s]Gb| jh]6 zLif{s g+= #%@!##–#÷$ df pNn]vt ePcg';f/ x'g]5 .
v= ;xeflutfTds ;xsf/L n]vfkfng tfnLdM :yfgLo txdf ;xsf/L
;+:yfsf ;+rfns, Joj:yfks, sd{rf/L / ;b:ox?nfO{ ;xsf/L n]vfkfng
;DalGw k|lzIf0f k|bfg ug{ k|To]s l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{nodf
;xeflutfTds ;xsf/L n]vf Joj:yfkg tflndsf] k|fjwfg /flvPsf] 5 . of]
tflnd 5 sfo{lbgsf] x'g] 5 . ;xeflutfTds ;xsf/L n]vfkfng tfnLdsf]
nflu cfjZos kg]{ jh]6 dWo] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] tkm{jf6 ?=%) xhf/ vr{
;xsf/L sfof{non] Joxf]g]{ 5 eg] afFsL /sd tflnddf ;+nUg x'g rfxfg]
174
;+:yfaf6 ;xeflutf ug{' kg]{ 5 . ;xeflutfTds ;xsf/L n]vfkfng
tflndsf] nflu ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfsf] tkm{jf6 ;/sf/n] pknAw u/fPsf]
jh]6 cg';f/ nfut ;xeflutf ug'{ kg]{5 . tfnLdsf] sfo{ljlw / gD;{
;DjGwL cGo s'/fx?sf] xsdf ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb| jh]6 zLif{s g+=
#%@!##–#÷$ df pNn]v eP cg';f/ x'g]5 .
u= cfwf/et ;xsf/L Aoj:yfkg tfnLdM ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf ;+rfns,
;b:o / sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ;xsf/L ;+rfng / Jo:yfkg ;DalGw 1fg k|bfg ug{
of] tflnd cToGt k|efjsf/L x'g] x'bfF k|lt tflndsf] nflu ?= &),)))÷–
-;Q/L xhf/_ ;Dd vr{ ug{ ;lsg] 5 . tfnLdsf] sfo{ljlw / gD;{ ;DjGwL
cGo s'/fx?sf] xsdf ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb| jh]6 zLif{s g+= #%@!##–#÷$
df pNn]v eP cg';f/ x'g]5 .
!#= cGt/ lhNnf ;xeflutfTds ;xsf/L cjnf]sg e|d0fM ;xsf/L
sfof{non] cfˆgf] k|fb]lzs If]q leq ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+3
;+:yfsf] nfut ;xeflutfdf cGt/lhNnf cjnf]sg e|d0fsf]
cfof]hgf ug]{ 5 . cjnf]sg e|d0fsf] p2]Zo cGo lhNnf tyf
ef}uf]lns aftfj/0fdf ;+rflnt ;kmn ;xsf/L ;+3;+:yfx?sf]
:ynut cjnf]sgaf6 pko'Qm df]8nx?sf] cg'z/0f (Replication)
u/L cfˆgf] ;+:yfnfO{ Joj;flos agfpg' /x]sf] 5 . cGt/lhNnf
;xeflutfTds canf]sg e|d0fsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6
oftfoft vr{, b}lgs e|d0f eQf / vfhf tyf cGo cfjZos
:6]zg/L nufot k|ltj]bgsf] tof/Ldf vr{ n]Vg ;lsg] 5 .
cGt/lhNnf ;seflutfTds ;xsf/L cjnf]sg e|d0fsf] ;+of]hg
k|fb]lzs If]q leqsf lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+3 tyf ljifout ;xsf/L
;+3x?sf] ;+of]hgdf ;xsf/L sfof{non] ug]{5 . cjnf]sg e|d0fdf
;xeflu x'g rfxfg] ;+3;+:yfsf ;b:o tyf kbflwsf/Lx?n] g]kfn
;/sf/af6 ljlgof]lht /sd ?= Ps nfv dflysf] vr{ nfut
;xefuLtfaf6 Joxf]{g' kg]{5 .
!$= ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] ;xeflutfTds k|ult ;dLIffM k|To]s
;xsf/L sfof{non] cfˆgf] k|fb]lzs If]qleq ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+3
;+:yfx?sf] aflif{s k|ult ;dLIffsf] cfof]hgf u/L x/]s
;+3;+:yfsf ultljlwx?sf] ;'g'jfO{ ug]{, tYof+s cWofjlws ug]{,
/fd|f sfdsf] nfuL k|fT] ;fxg ug]{ / unt sfdsf/jfxLdf ;'wf/ ug{
;'emfj lbg] p2]Zosf ;fy of] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/Psf] xf] .
;xsf/L ;+3;+:yfx?sf] k|ult ;dLIff ug{' ;DalGwt ;+3;+:yfsf]
175
bfloTj ePsf]n] g]kfn ;/sf/af6 ljlgof]lht /sd ?= krfF;
xhf/df ;+3;+:yfsf] tkm{af6 nfut ;xeflutf ug{' kg]{5 .
ah]6sf] ;Ldf leq /xL k|fb]lzs If]qleq sDtLdf Ps jf Ps eGbf
a9L :yfgx?df k|ult ;dLIff sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ug{ ;lsg] 5 .
!%= ;xsf/L Aoj;fo k|j4{g uf]i7LM ;xsf/L sfof{nox?n] cf–cfˆgf]
ef}uf]lns sfo{If]qdf ;+rfng x'g ;Sg] pBd Joj;fox? h:t} M
lrof, skmL, b'Uw, dx, cb'jf, cn}rL, hl8a'6L, nK;L, h'gf/ tyf
cGo kmnkmn , pkef]Qmf, ko{6g, ljB't, oftfoft, ;+rf/ cflb
dWo] s'g} Ps pBd Joj;fosf] k|jw{g ug{ pQm pBd;+u
;DalGwt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf ;b:o tyf kbflwsf/Lx? ;d]tsf]
pkl:yltdf Ps lbj;Lo uf]i7Lsf] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ ;lsg] 5
. ;xsf/L Joj;fo k|j4{g uf]i7L sfo{qmd ;+rfng ubf{ lgDg
kIfdf Wofg lbP/ ;+rfng ug]{ M
s= ;do M ;xsf/L sfof{non] cfˆgf] k|fb]zLs If]qleq lglZrt ;xsf/L
pBd k|j4{g ug]{ u/L Ps lbgsf] sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ug],{
v= ;xefuLx?M sfo{qmddf cfˆgf] k|fb]lzs sfo{If]qleqsf b]xfosf
kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] .
 sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leq u7g eO ;+rfngdf /x]sf
;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?nfO{ lglZrt pBd Joj;fo ;+rfngdf
k|f]T;fxg ug{ ;xsf/L ;+3;+:yfsf ;b:o tyf kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{
sfo{qmddf ;xefuL x'g ;rgf ug]{ / pQm ;rgf jdf]lhd
;xefuL x'g cfpg] ;xsf/LsdL{x? .
 lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+:yf, lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+3 tyf ljifout
;xsf/L ;+3sf kbflwsf/Lx? .
 kqsf/÷;dfh;]jL, ;xsf/L lj1, cflbsf] ;xeflutf u/fpg] .
u=5nkmn÷sfo{kqsf ljifox? M
o; cGtlqm{of sfo{qmddf sDtLdf @ j6f sfo{kqx? k|:t't ug'{ kg]{ 5
. h;df ;xsf/L pBdsf] ;DefJotf / ;xsf/Lsf] ljsf;sf] nflu
;Djlwt lhNnfsf] efjL sfo{lbzf tyf sfo{s|dx? x'g] 5g . sfo{qmddf
k]z ul/g] sfo{kqsf k|:t'tstf{, l6Kk0fLstf{ tyf k|ltj]bg ug]{
JolQmnfO{ ;xsf/L ljefun] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] gD;{sf clwgdf /xL
kfl/>lds /sd e'QmfgL lbg] .
3= cGt/lqmof ;+rfng ljlw M
 ;xeflutfTds ljlw,
 cfjZostf cg';f/ Meta Card, Multi-media Projector
jf HP sf] k|of]u,
176
 ;dx ljefhg / 5nkmn,
ª_ ;xeflux?n] k|fKt ug]{ ;'ljwf M
:jLs[t ah]6sf] clwgdf /xL ;xsf/L dGqfnoaf6 :jLs[t gD;{
jdf]lhd b]xfosf ;'ljwf k|bfg ug]{ .
 kl/jxg
 :6]zg/L ;dfu|L
 kf7\o ;fdfu|L
 vfhf cflb
r_ cGtlqm{of ;dfkg ePkl5 M
 cGtlqm{ofsf] dNof+sg
 k|ltj]bg -lgwf{l/t k|ult kmf/ddf ef}lts / ljlQo k|ult :ki6
v'Ng] ul/ _
 ;'emfj sfof{Gjog ug{ ;DjlGwt sfof{no / ljefun] ug'{kg]{
lqmofsnfk cflb .
!^_ cfGtl/s ko{6g k|j4{g sfo{qmdM– ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yf eg]sf pBd Joj;fo
ug]{ dfWod x'g\ . ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfaf6 j:t' / ;]jf pTkfbg u/L cfˆg} dfWod
jf ;xsf/Laf6 pkef]Qmfx? aLr k'¥ofpg ljt/0fsf sfdx? ;d]t ;+rfng x'g
;Sb5g\ . g]kfndf ko{6g Joj;fosf] k|r'/ ;Defjgf /x]sf] ;Gbe{df ;xsf/Lx?n]
pQm Joj;fo;+u ;DalGwt xf]6n Jo;fo tyf xf]d:6] k|j4{g / ;+rfng ug{
pTk|]l/t ug{'kg]{ cfjZostf dxz'; ul/Psf] 5 . To;sf] nflu ;xsf/L sfof{non]
k|rf/ k|;f/ ;DaGwL cGt/lqmof ;+rfng, ko{6g ;xsf/L k|j4{gsf] nflu kf7\o
;fdfu|L pTkfbg, ljt/0f / :yfgLo FM /]l8of]af6 k|zf/0f ug]{ p2]Zosf ;fy of]
sfo{qmd ;dfj]z ul/Psf] xf] . ;DefJotfsf] cfwf/df s'g} :yfgdf Ps jf Ps
eGbf a9L ;xsf/Lx? ldn]/ ko{6g Joj;fo ;+rfng ug{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ / cGtl/s
ko{6g k|j4{gdf ;xof]u ug]{ lx;fjn] of] sfo{qmd nfu' ul/Psf] xf] . o; sfo{qmd
cGt/ut k|To]s rf}dfl;s cjlwdf cfwf -!/@_ lbj;Lo cGt/lqmof uf]i7Lsf]
cfof]hgf u/L hDdf # j6f cGt/lqmof ;+rfng ug]{ / ;xsf/L hfu/0f tyf
k|j4{g ;fdfu|L pTKffbg ljt/0f jf :yfgLo FM /]l8of]af6 ;xsf/L k|j4{gsf]
nflu cfjZos ;fdfu|L tof/ u/L sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ / ;xsf/L lgodg tyf
;'zf;gsf] ;fy} ;xsf/L If]qdf ko{6g k|j{4g sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ .
177
cg';rL !
tflnd sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ;DaGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/af6 ljleGg
ldltdf ePsf lg0f{ox?
s_ tflnd ;~rfng ;DaGwL gD;{x? M ;xsf/L tyf ul/aL lgjf/0f dGqfno
cGt/utsf lgsfox?df ;+rfng x'g] tfnLd tyf uf]i7Lsf sfo{s|d / hg{n
k|sfzgsf nflu ;d]t cy{ dGqfnosf] ldlt @)&).!@.!* sf] dlGq:t/Lo
lg0f{ofg';f/ ;a} k|sf/sf tflnd, uf]i7L, ;]ldgf/, sfo{zfnf ;+rfng ;DaGwL
vr{sf] dfkb08 tyf ;xeflutf eQf Pj+ e|d0f vr{ M
l;=g
k|of]hg÷ljj/0f
b/
k|of]hg÷
If]qLo:t/
!=
@=
#=
g]kfn
;/sf/
cGt{utsf
tflnd
s]Gb|÷k|lti7fgx?4f/f
;+rfng ul/g] tflnd
uf]i7L,
;]ldgf/,
;Dd]ng, sfo{zfnfsf]
sfo{kq
k|:t'tstf{
kfl/>lds -k|lt ;q_
clws[t:t/
s_ aflx/L k|:t'tstf{
–sfo{kq jfkt
–k|jrg jfkt
v_cfGtl/s k|:t'tstf{
–k|jrg÷sfo{kq jfkt
;xfos:t/
s_ aflx/L k|:t'tstf{
–sfo{kq jfkt
–k|jrg jfkt
v_cfGtl/s k|:t'tstf{
–k|jrg÷sfo{kq jfkt
uf]i7L,;]ldgf/, ;Dd]ng,
sfo{zfnfsf] sfo{kqsf]
l6Kk0fLstf{ kfl/>lds
-k|lt sfo{kq_
;Lk ljsf; tflnd
s_ sIfut Joj:yf
-k|ltsIff_
–sfo{kq÷Handsout
jfkt
–sIff ;+rfng jfkt
v_ cfjlws Joj:yfdf
-aflx/L >f]t JolQmsf]
lhNnf÷
gu/:t/
:ki6Ls/0f÷s}lkmot
ufpF:t/
sfo{kq slDtdf !%)) zAbsf]
x'g' kg]{ 5 . -kf/bz{s kfgf jf
k|:t'tLs/0f l6kf]6sf] kmf]6f]skL
sfo{kqdf dfGo x'g] 5}g .
cfGtl/s k|:t'tstf{ eGgfn]
;DalGwt lgsfo leq}sf
kbflwsf/L÷JolQm
;lDemg'
kb{5 .
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178
Pp6f sfo{kqdf b'O{ hgf eGbf
a9L l6Kk0fLstf{ /fVg ldNb}g .
& sfo{lbg ;DDsf] tflnd
sIffut ?kdf / ;f] eGbf
a9Lsf] tflnddf cfjlws
?kdf >f]t JolQmsf] Joj:yf
ug{' kb{5 .
• cfjlws ?kdf ;|f]t
JolQmsf] Joj:yf ubf{
Pp6f tflnddf b'Oh
{ gf
xsdf #) sfo{lbg
;Dd k|ltlbg_
–d'Vo k|lzIfs -k|ltlbg
Gogtd
@
sIff
lng'kg]{_
–;xfos k|lzIfs k|ltlbg Gogtd @
sIff lng'kg]{_
u_ cfjlws Joj:yfdf
-aflx/L >f]t JolQmsf]
xsdf #) sfo{lbg
eGbf a9L dfl;s_
–d'Vo k|lzIfs -dfl;s
Gogtd ^) sIff
lng'kg]{ _
–;xfos k|lzIfs dfl;s Gogtd ^)
sIff lng'kg]{
!))).–
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b'j}
d'Vo jf Pshgf d'Vo /
Pshgf
;xfos_
/fVg'kb{5 / ;Lk:t/ Skill Level) sf
cfwf/df
:yfgLo
k|rng;d]tsf] ljrf/
u/L plNnlvt clwstd
;Ldfleq
ltgsf]
kfl/>lds tf]Sg'kb{5 .
;DalGwt
sfof{non]
;+rfng u/]sf] tflnddf
;f]xL sfof{nosf] ;|f]t
JolQm ePsf] cj:yfdf
sIff lnP jfktsf]
kfl/>lds gkfpg] t/
sfo{kq jfktsf] /sd
kfpg]5 .
sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{
sfof{nosf] sd{rf/Lsf]
kl/jf/sf]
lgs6td
JolQm ;|f]t JolQm x'g'
gx'g] .
u|fdL0f
kz':jf:Yo
sfo{stf{
tflndh:tf
ljleGg ljifo lj1
(Subject
spacialists)
•
•
179
matter
cfjZos
x'g] tflnddf cfjlws
?kdf ;|f]t JolQmsf]
Joj:yf u/]kl5 klg
cfjZos eP hDdf
sIffsf] @) k|ltzt;Dd
cltl/Qm ;|f]t JolQm4f/f
sIffut ?kdf ;+rfng
u/fpg ;lsG5 .
Pp6f sIffsf] cjlw
slDtdf ! 306f #)
ldg]6 x'g'kb{5 .
sfo{kq eGgfn] slDtdf
&%) zAbsf] k|jGw
;Demg'kb{5, kf/bz{s
kfgf, k|:t'tLs/0f l6kf]6
jf
k|:t'tLs/0fsf]
k|of]hgsf nflu tof/
kfl/Psf] c? To:t}
;fdfu|Lsf] 5fFof k|lt
sfo{kq x'Fb}g .
•
$=
tflnd s]Gb|x? afx]s
cGo
lgsfoaf6
;+rflnt ;a} k|sf/sf
tflndsf
>f]t
JolQm÷k|lzIfssf]
kfl/>lds
s_clws[t
:t/sf]
tflnd
–sfo{kq÷Handsout
jfkt
–sIff ;+rfng jfkt
v_ ;xfos:t/÷cGo
tflnd
– sfo{kq÷Handsout
jfkt
–sIff ;+rfng jfkt
•
•
()).–
&)).–
%)).–
*)).–
^)).–
$)).–
()).–
^)).–
%)).–
&)).–
%)).–
$)).–
•
•
%=
uf]i7L,
;]ldgf/,
;Dd]ng,
sfo{zfvf,
tflnd,
cWoog
cfj4tf h:tf ;df/f]x
p43f6g,
;dfkg
vfhf÷;xefuLsf] vfhf
!%).–
!%).–
180
!%).–
•
lhNnf:t/Lo
tflnd
eGgfn] ;b/d'sfd jf
cGoq hxfF ;+rfng
ul/g]
eP
tfklg
;xefuLsf] -cfˆgf] 3/
jf ;fljssf] a;f]af;
:ynaf6 b}lgs cf]xf]/–
bf]xf]/ ug{ gEofOg] $
sf]; eGbf a9L eO{_
cfjf;sf] Joj:yf ug{'kg]{
tflnd ;Demg' kb{5 .
Pp6f sIffsf] cjlw
slDtdf ! 306f #)
ldg]6 x'g'kb{5 .
sfo{kq eGgfn] slDtdf
&%) zAbsf] k|jGw
;Demg'kb{5, kf/bz{s
kfgf, k|:t'tLs/0f l6kf]6
jf
k|:t'tLs/0fsf]
k|of]hgsf nflu tof/
kfl/Psf] c? To:t}
;fdfu|Lsf]
5fFofk|lt
sfo{kq x'Fb}g .
;DalGwt
sfof{non]
;+rfng u/]sf] tflnddf
;f]xL sfof{nosf] ;|f]t
JolQm ePsf] cj:yfdf
sIff lnP jfktsf]
kfl/>lds gkfpg] t/
sfo{kq jfktsf] /sd
kfpg]5 .
lhNNff:t/Lo
tflnd
eGgfn] ;b/d'sfd jf
cGoGq hxfF ;+rfng
ul/g]
eP
tfklg
;xefuLsf] -cfˆgf] 3/
jf ;fljssf] a;f]af;
:ynaf6 b}lgs cf]xf]/ –
bf]xf]/ ug{ gEofOg] $
sf]if eGbf a9L eO{_
cfjf;sf] Joj:yf ug{'kg]{
tflnd ;Demg'kb{5 .
;+of]hg, >f]t JolQm,
k|ltj]bs / ;xof]uL
sd{rf/LnfO{ ;d]t
^=
&=
-k|lt JolQm k|lt lbg_
ljleGg
ljlzi6
JolQmx?nfO{
o:tf
;df/f]xdf
cfdGq0f
ul/Psf]
cj:yfdf
o:tf ;a} JolQmx?sf]
vfhf, vfgf vr{ jfkt
a9Ldf Psd'i7 ?=
@))).– ;Dd vr{ ug{
;lsg] 5 . t/ ljlzi7
JolQmx?sf] pkl:ylt
ePsf] k|dfl0ft x'g'
kg]{5 .
d;nGb
s_ uf]i7L, ;]ldgf/,
;Dd]ng, sfo{zfnfsf
nflu
–;xefuLsf nflu k|lt
;xefuL
–k|lzIf0f sfo{sf nfu
-k|lt sfo{qmd_
v_ ;Lk ljsf; tyf
cGo tflnd sfo{qmdsf
nflu
–;xefuLsf nflu -&
sfo{lbg ;Dd k|lt
;xefuL_
–;xefuLsf nflu -&
sfo{lbg eGbf a9L k|lt
;xefuL_
–k|lzIf0f sfo{sf nflu
-& sfo{lbg ;Dd k|lt
sfo{qmd_
–k|lzIf0f sfo{sf nflu
-#) sfo{lbg ;Dd k|lt
sfo{qmd_
– k|lzIf0f sfo{sf nflu
-#) sfo{lbg eGbf a9L
k|lt sfo{qmd_
u_ cWoog÷cjnf]sg,
cWoog
cfj4tfsf
nflu
–;xeflusf
nflu
-hlt;'s}
sfo{lbg
ePklg k|lt ;xefuL_
;+of]hs
eQf
clwstd !% sfo{lbg
!)).–
!)).–
%).–
@%)).–
@%)).–
!))).–
%).–
%).–
%).–
!)).–
&%.–
^).–
@))).–
!%)).–
!))).–
@%)).–
@))).–
!%)).–
#))).–
@%)).–
@))).–
$).–
$).–
#).–
%)).–
$)).–
#)).–
181
• k|lzIf0f sfo{sf] d;nGb
cGtu{t
af]8{dfs{/,
kf/bz{s kfgf, sfo{kqsf]
5fFofk|lt, d]6fsf8{, dfl:6ª
6]k OToflb .
• Ps sfo{qmddf Ps hgf
;+of]hsnfO{
sfo{qmdsf]
;Dd k|ltlbg_
!% lbgkl5 k|ltJolQm
k|ltlbg
*=
(=
!)=
!!=
!@=
!#=
;xof]uL
eQf
clwstd !% sfo{lbg
;Dd k|ltlbg_
!% lbgkl5 k|lt JolQm
k|ltlbg
ljljw -k|df0f kq,
kfgL, ;/;kmfO{, t'n
OToflbsf nflu_
–& sfo{lbg ;Dd k|lt
sfo{qmd
–#) sfo{lbg ;Dd k|lt
sfo{qmd
–#) sfo{lbg eGbf a9L
k|lt sfo{qmd
k|lzIffyL{ cfjf; vr{
tflnd ;'ljwf -tflnd
sIf tyf ef8fdf
lng'kg]{
pks/0fsf]
ef8f_
tflnd ;fdfu|L -sRrf
kbfy{, gdgf, OGwg,
kf]sfjGbLsf ;fdfg,
vl/b
ug{'
kg]{
;fgfltgf cf}hf/ cflb_
a:t'ut 6]jf
@%).–
@)).–
!%).–
!%).–
!%).–
!%).–
&%.–
&%.–
&%.–
!%)).–
!))).–
%)).–
@))).–
!%)).–
&%).–
@%)).–
@))).–
!))).–
k|rlnt
ahf/
cg';fsf]
ef8f b/
k|rlnt
ahf/
cg';f/
sf]
ef8f b/
k|rlnt
ahf/
cg';f/
sf]
ef8f b/
k|rlnt
ahf/b/
k|rlnt
ahf/b/
k|rlnt
ahf/b/
k|rlnt
ahf/b/
k|rlnt
ahf/b/
k|rlnt
ahf/b/
#))).–
#))).–
182
k|ltj]bg a'emfP kl5 / b'O{
hgf ;Dd ;xof]uLnfO{ eQf
lbg ;lsg]5 .
• ;+of]hs tflnd cjlwdf
ljbf a;]df eQf gkfpg] /
;+of]hssf] sfd ;xof]uLn]
u/] afkt ;+of]hsn] kfpg]
eQf kfpg] 5}g .
•
•
tflnd cfof]hgf x'g]
:yndf s'g} ;/sf/L jf
u}/ ;/sf/L lgsfosf]
5fqfjf; ePdf To:tf]
lgsfon] tf]s]sf] b/df
5fqfjf; k|of]u ug{
;lsg] t/ cNksfnLg
tflndsf nflu xf]6n
jf ;f]xL k|of]hgnfO{
3/ef8fdf lnO{ vr{
n]Vg gkfO{g] .
j:t'ut 6]jf eGgfn]
tflndsf ;xefuLnfO{
gj k|fKt ;Lk pkof]u
sfo{df clek|l] /t ug{
;xfotf :j?k k|bfg
ul/g] a:t' ;Demg' kb{5
. h:t} afv|fsf] dfp,
df}/Lsf] 3f/, kz' :jf:Yo
k/LIf0f
ls6h:tf
rLhj:t' ;fwg jf
•
!$=
:ynut
k|fljlws
k/fdz{bftfsf] b}lgs
eQf / e|d0f tyf
cfjf; vr{
s_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
sd{rf/L
v_ cGo
lgodfg';
f/ låtLo
txsf]
%)).–
lgodfg'
;f/
låtLo
txsf]
#)).–
lgodfg'
;f/
låtLo
txsf]
#)).–
•
•
•
•
!%=
k|ltj]bssf] kfl/>lds
s_
kfl/>lds
;Dd]ng, uf]i7L /
sfo{zfnf_
–Ps lbgsf] sfo{qmddf
•
!))).–
!))).–
!))).–
pks/0f cflb .
:jLs[t
sfo{qmddf
j:t'ut 6]jf k|bfg ug]{
u/L
k|i6
Joj:yf
gePsf]df j:t'ut 6]jf
lbg ldNb}g .
lgodfg';f/
eGgfn]
e|d0f vr{ lgodfjnL,
@)^$
cg';f/
;Demg'kb{5 .
låtLo txsf] eGgfn]
e|d0f vr{ lgodfjnL,
@)^$ df plNnlvt
låtLo txsf] ;Demg'
kb{5 .
k'g/cEof; sIffdf Ps
:yfgdf hlt;'s} ;dx
eP klg Ps lbgsf]
kfl/>lds lbOg]5 .
;dxdf sDtLdf tLghgf
x'gk' b{5 / Ps lbgdf
Ps eGbf a9L k'g{cEof;
sIffsf] kfl/>lds lbg
ldNb}g .
k|lt tflnd hlt k6s
k/fdz{
ul/P
klg
clwstd ?= #))) jf
låtLo txsf] b/ cg';f/
x'g] /sddf h'g sd
x'G5 ;f] df ga9fO{
:ynut k|fljlws k/fdz{
vr{ ug{ ;lsg]5 .
k|ltj]bssf] kfl/>lds
k|ltj]bg a'emfP kl5 dfq
lbg' kb{5 . k|ltj]bg
sfo{qmd ?= #))).–
eGbf a9L x'g'x'Fb}g . ;fy}
tflnd ;+of]hs /
k|ltj]bs Ps} JolQm
ePdf
cltl/Qm
kfl/>lds / vfhf÷vfgf
vr{ bf]xf]/f] ;'ljwf kfOg]
5}g .
;xeflutf eQf
•
k|lzIffyL{ 5gf}6 u/L jf gu/L ;+rfng ul/Psf] h'g;'s} k|sf/sf] tflnd, uf]i7Lsf]
;xefuLx?nfO{ ;xefuL eQf pknAw gu/fpg] egL ;rgf ug{' kg]{5 .
183
t/, tflnd, uf]i7L, sfo{zfnfsf] ;xefuLnfO{ eQf lbg] u/L sfo{qmdd} ;xeflux?nfO{
;xefuL eQf jf ;xefuLsf] e|d0f vr{ jf b'j} lbg] u/L :jLs[t ePsf] sfo{qmdsf
;xefuLx?nfO{ lgDg cg';f/sf] ;xefuL eQf / ;xefuL e|d0f vr{ pknAw u/fpg
;lsg]5 .
qm=;=
k|of]hg
b/ /sd ?=
:ki6Ls/0f
lhNnf aflx/
lhNnf leq
!=
b}lgs vfg] a:g] %)).–
$%).–
• lhNnf:t/Lo tflnd eGgfn]
vr{ jfkt -@!
;b/d'sfd jf cGoq hxfF
sfo{ lbg;Ddsf]
;+rfng ul/g] eP tf klg
tflnd_
;xefuLsf] -cfˆgf] 3/ jf
@=
@!
sfo{ ^))).–
%))).–
;fljssf] a;f]af; :ynaf6
lbgeGbf a9Lsf]
b}lgs cf]xf]/ bf]xf]/ ug{ gEofOg]
tflnd eP vfg]
$ sf]; eGbf a9L eO{_ cfjf;sf]
a:g] vr{ jfkt
Joj:yf
ug{'kg]{
tflnd
dfl;s
;Demg'kb{5 .
#=
sfo{qmdsf]
@%).–
@%).–
• PsfO; lbg eGbf a9L lbgsf]
tkm{af6
ePdf dfl;ssf] bfdf;fxLn] x'g]
5fqfjf;sf]
/sd lbgsf] klg yk ul/kfpg] .
Joj:yf ePsf]df
• tflnd cjlwsf nflu ;xefuL
b}lgs vfgf vr{
eQf kfPsf]df b}lgs eQf jf
$=
5fqfjf;sf]
$))).–
$))).–
cfjf; vr{ gkfpg] .
Joj:yf ePsf]df
•
sfo{qmddf ;xefuL x'g] JolQmn]
! dlxgf eGbf
cGo lgsfoaf6 b}=e|=eQf kfpg]
a9L cjlwsf] eP
ePdf ;xefuL eQf kfpg] ePdf
vfgf vr{ jfkt
;xefuL eQf gkfpg] .
dfl;s
• ;ft sfo{ lbg;Ddsf] tflnd
ljbfsf] lbgdf klg nuftf/
;+rfng ug{'kg]{ .
•
b}lgs e|d0f eQf kfpg] u/L lhNnf aflx/af6 sfo{qmddf af]nfj6 e} ;xefuL x'g]x?nfO{ ;xeflutf
eQf lbg ldNb}g .
;xefuLsf] e|d0f vr{
;xefuLsf] cft] hft] vr{ sf] ;DaGwdf ;fj{hlgs oftfoft rNg] :yfgdf -a;_ jfktsf] Gogtd
ef8f kfpg] . ;fj{hlgs oftfoft grNg] :yfgdf cft]hft] u/L b'O{ lbg;Ddsf] nflu Psd'i6 ?
@)).– / ;f] eGbf a9L hlt;'s} lbg eP klg ?= %)).– Psd'i6 kfpg]5 .
OGwg ;'ljwf
;jf/L ;fwg ;'ljwf kfpg] b]xfosf kbflwsf/Lx?n] b]xfo cg';f/sf] OGwg ;'ljwf kfpg] u/L
dfkb08 to ul/Psf] 5 .
s_ ;jf/L ;'ljwf kfpg]sf] nflu O{Gwg vr{
;'ljwf kfpg] kbflwsf/L
dfl;s k]6«f]n÷l8hn -ln6/df_
dGqL÷;+jw} flgs kbflwsf/L
;lrj÷ljlzi6 >]0fL
;x;lrj
k|rlnt sfgg adf]lhd
!))
&@
184
q}dfl;s df]ljn / a|s
]
cfon -ln6/df_
%
%
v_ s]Gb|Lo :t/sf sfof{no k|of]hgsf ;jf/L ;fwg
b/aGbL ;+Vof
;'ljwf kfpg]
kbflwsf/L afx]s
#) hgf sd{rf/L
b/aGbL ePsf]df
yk %) df
To;kl5sf] yk
k|lt !))
b/aGbLsf nflu
k'ndf ;jf/L
;fwg /fVg
kfOg]
!
l8hn dfl;s
ln=
k]6«f]n dfl;s
ln=
!))
&%
df]lan / a|]s
cfon ln=
k|lt # dlxgf
%
!
!
!))
!))
&%
&%
%
%
n]vf /rgf kfl/>lds
n]v /rgf ;dflji6 u/L klqsf k|sfzg ug]{ lgsfon] n]v /rgf jfktsf] kfl/>lds, sDKo'6/
;]l6ª, l8hfOlgª / 6fOlkª, z'4fz'4L tyf ;Dkfbs d08nsf ;b:ox?nfO{ kfl/>lds e'QmfgL ubf{
b]xfo cg';f/sf] dfkb08sf cfwf/df /sd e'QmfgL ug{'kg]5
{ .
l;=g+=
!=
ljj/0f
n]vsnfO{ kfl/>lds k|lt n]v
@=
sDKo'6/ ;]l6ª, l8hfOlgª / 6fOk
;d]tsf nflu k|lt c+s
;Dkfbs d08nsf ;b:ox?nfO{ k|lt
;b:o k|lt /rgf ;Dkfbg jfkt clwstd % hgf_
#=
b|i6Jo M
•
•
•
b/
b|i6Jodf lbO{Psf] >]0fL cg';f/ ?= @))).–
b]lv $%)).– ;Dd -;Dkfbs d08nsf]
lg0f{ofg';f/_
!,))).–
^).–
cg';Gwfgdns, ljrf/dns, ljZn]ifgfTds / df}lns n]v tyf /rgfnfO{ s >]0fLdf
/fvL ?= $%)).–
tYodns, ljrf/dns, ljZn]if0ffTds / df}lns n]v tyf /rgfnfO{ v >]0fLdf /fvL ?=
#%)).–
ljj/0ffTds / df}lns n]v /rgfnfO{ u >]0fLdf /fvL ?= @))).–
185
s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|af6 cf=j= @)&!÷&@ df ;+rfng x'g] tfnLd
sfo{qmdsf] jflif{s sfo{ tfnLsf
k|yd rf}dfl;s sfo{ tflnsf
l;=g+= sfo{qmd
1= Joj:yfkg ;Lk ljsf;
tflnd -!% lbg]_
2= ;xsf/L Joj:yfkg tyf
n]vfkfng -! dlxg]_
3= /0fgLlts of]hgf th{'df
tflnd
4= ;xsf/L n]vfkfng tflnd
5= ;+:yfut Ifdtf ljsf;
tflnd -lhNnfdf_ -& lbg]_
6= k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tflnd lhNnfdf_ -& lbg]_
7= k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tflnd -!%
lbg]_
hDdf
;+Vof ldlt
@)&!÷%÷#–@)&!÷%÷!(
!
! @)&!÷%÷#–@)&!÷^÷^
!
@)&!÷%÷@^–@)&!÷^÷^
!
@
@)&!÷%÷@^–@)&!÷^÷^
@)&!÷^÷@^–@)&!÷&÷!
!
@)&!÷&÷!!–@)&!÷&÷@&
!
@)&!÷&÷!!–@)&!÷&÷@&
*
bf]>f] rf}dfl;s sfo{ tflnsf
l;=g+= sfo{qmd
1= PEARLS -k|ydsf]_
2=
3=
4=
5=
6=
7=
k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f -;xfos:t/_
!% lbg] -k|ydsf]_
;xsf/L Joj:yfkg tyf
n]vfkfng -! dlxg]_
k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f -;+rfngs:t/_
-!% lbg]_
pBdzLntf tyf ;xsf/L
Joj;fo ljsf; tflnd -!% lbg]_
Joj:yfkg ;Lk ljsf; tflnd
;+rfns:t/_ -!% lbg]_
k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f -;+rfns:t/_
-!% lbg]_
8= PEARLS
9= k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f
tflnd
-;xfos:t/_ -!% lbg]_
186
;+Vof ldlt
@)&!÷*÷@–@)&!÷*÷!*
!
! @)&!÷*÷@–@)&!÷*÷!*
!
@)&!÷*÷@–@)&!÷(÷&
!
@)&!÷*÷@!–@)&!÷(÷&
!
@)&!÷*÷@!–@)&!÷(÷&
!
@)&!÷(÷@&–@)&!÷!)÷!#
!
@)&!÷(÷@&–@)&!÷!)÷!#
!
!
@)&!÷!)÷!*–@)&!÷!!÷%
10=
k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f -;+rfns:t/_
-!% lbg]_
11= ;+:yfut Ifdtf ljsf; tflnd
12= /0fgLlts of]hgf th{'df -!)
lbg]_
13= Joj;flos g]tT[ j ljsf;
-ljifout / lhNnf ;+3_
14= ;xsf/L n]vfkfng tflnd
hDdf
t]>f] rf}dfl;s sfo{ tflnsf
l;=g+= sfo{qmd
1= ;xsf/L Joj:yfkg tyf
n]vfkfng ! dlxg]
2= k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f -!% lbg]_
3= ;xsf/L n]vfkfng tflnd
4= /0fgLlts of]hgf th{'df tflnd
-!) lbg]_
5= k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f -!% lbg]_
6= ;+:yfut Ifdtf ljsf; tflnd
7= pBdzLntf tyf ;xsf/L
Joj;fo ljsf; tflnd
8= k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f -!% lbg]_
9= Joj;flos g]t[Tj ljsf;
hDdf
187
!
@)&!÷!)÷!*–@)&!÷!!÷%
@
!
@)&!÷!!÷!)–@)&!÷!!÷!^
@)&!÷!!÷!(–@)&!÷!!÷@(
!
@)&!÷!!÷!(–@)&!÷!!÷@(
!
!%
@)&!÷!!÷!(–@)&!÷!!÷@(
;+Vof ldlt
@)&!÷!@÷#–@)&@÷!÷!^
!
! @)&!÷!@÷#–@)&@÷!@÷!(
! @)&!÷!@÷#–@)&@÷!@÷!#
! @)&!÷!@÷@$–@)&@÷!÷^
!
!
!
@)&!÷!@÷@$–@)&@÷!÷!!
@)&!÷!÷!$–@)&@÷!÷@#
@)&!÷@÷#–@)&@÷@÷@)
!
!
!@
@)&!÷@÷#–@)&@÷@÷@)
@)&!÷@÷@@–@)&@÷#÷@
kl/R5]b – !)
ljljw
!)=! ;xsf/L tyf ul/jL lgjf/0f dGqnfodf sfo{/t kbflwsf/Lx?sf] gfd,kb,
6]lnkmf]g M
zfvf
;xsf/L tyf
Joj:yfkg
dxfzfvf
k|zf;g tyf
hgzlQm ljsf;
zfvf
gfd
>L ;'lzn sf]O/fnf
>L >Lw/ uf}td
>L
kb
df= dGqL
;lrj
;x ;lrj
df]jfO{n g+=
9851095200
4211860
>L ;fg'sfhL b];f/
>L
pk ;lrj
zfvf
clws[t
zfvf
clws[t
pk ;lrj
n]vf clws[t
pk ;lrj
zfvf
clws[t
zfvf
clws[t
9841458603
4211657
9841395133
4211690
pk ;lrj
-sfgg_
zfvf
clws[t
9841255010
9841814436
4211860
>L ;'/]z k|wfg
;x ;lrj
9841399752
4211781
>L afa'/fd e';fn
>L gf/fo0f sfsL{
pk ;lrj
zfvf
clws[t
zfvf
clws[t
pk ;lrj
zf=c
zf=c
9841353683
9849763137
4211906
4200406
9841615480
4200406
9841223166
9841282680
9841360521
4211790
4200080
4200080
9841513115
9848174459
4200060
4200060
>L nIdL gf/fo0f a}B
c fly{s k|zf;g
zfvf
;xsf/L k|j${g
zfvf
>L /fd axfb'/ s]=;L=
>L /fhg Gof}kfg]
>L afa'/fd e';fn
>L
>L cfGgb zdf{ e'iffn
P]g, lgod
k/fdz{ zfvf
>L /d]z k|;fb k'8f;}gL
>dfg
;lrjHosf]
lghL ;lrjfno
of]hgf tyf
ul/aL lgjf/)f
dxfzfvf
of]hgf tyf
gLlt th{'df
zfvf
>L k|eg' fy /fO{
>L ;gt s'df/ Gof}kfg]
ul/aL lgjf/)f
zfvf
>L lah' s'df/ >]i7
>L /f]zgL >]i7
>L u'0ff /fO{
c g'udg,
dNof+sg tyf
c g';Gwfg zfvf
>L rGb| axfb'/ 7s'/L
>L w[tfs'df/L vqL
188
sfof{nosf] g+=
4200055
9847037470
9841434407
9841353683
4211906
4200420
9849180058
!)=@ ;xsf/L ljefudf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx?sf] gfd,kb, 6]lnkmf]g÷df]afOn M
qm=;+=
zfvf
kb
gfd
df]jfO{n
1=
/lhi6«f/
lji0f'xl/ kf}8n
]
9849058181
2=
a=s[lif cy{lj1
lji0f' k|;fb l3ld/]
(*$!%(@**!
zfvf clws[t
zfvf clws[t
;'/]z/fh hf]zL
x'dnfn clwsf/L
(*$!%%%(&&
(*$!^(&#&#
sDKo'6/ clw[st
/fhf/fd kg]?
9841288837
gfoa ;'Aaf
gfoa ;'Aaf
;xfos sDKo'6/
ck/]6/
pk–/lhi6«f/
;'dg kf]v/]n
k|sfz cfrfo{
9841377043
rl08sf /3'az
+ L
(*$(@*$^%)
pk]Gb| jxfb'/ 9'+ufgf
9851148335
zfvf clws[t
nLnf aNne rfkfufO{
9844612488
9742614090
gfoa ;'Aaf
;ld{nf tfdfË
(*$$)$%!!&
12=
vl/bf/
PljGb|f s]=;L=
13=
pk–/lhi6«f/
gf/fo0f k|;fb 1jnL
9841438346
14=
zfvf clws[t
gd/fh ;fksf]6f
(*$!@$(*#$
zfvf clws[t
k|]d s'df/ >]i7
9841361046
zfvf clws[t
xl/ axfb'/ kf]v/]n
;xfos sDKo'6/
ck/]6/
a;Gt clwsf/L
gfoa ;'Aaf
lbks s'df/ kf}8]n
9845269994
n]vf clws[t
lg/fhg sf]O/{ fnf
(*$#)$&!($
sDKo'6/ ck/]6/
n]vfgfy vltj8f
9851082119
zfvf clws[t
sDKo'6/ ck/]6/
/3'j+z s8]n
(*$(*!(((&
3=
4=
5=
6=
of]hgf
tyf
Aoj;fo
k|j4{g
zfvf
7=
8=
9=
10=
11=
15=
16=
17=
sd{rf/L÷
k|zf;g
zfvf
cg'udg
tyf
lg/LIf0f
zfvf
18=
19=
20=
21=
22=
23=
24=
25=
n]vf
-cf=k|=_
zfvf
;+:yf
;+u7g
zfvf
sfg'g
zfvf
l8NnL axfb'/ v8\sf
9841351094
btf{÷
rnfgL
(*$*!)%(&)
9841350622
(*$$()%#@^
gfoa ;'Aaf
lnnfgfy ld>
9843456150
sfg'g clws[t
6f]k axfb'/ lji6
9851138688
gfoa ;'Aaf
bof/fd a:ofn
9851170990
189
:^f]/ zfvf
;d]t
lk=P=
26=
8«fO{e/
af;' vqL
(*$!&@!#*%
27=
8«fO{e/
dbg/fh lu/L
28=
sfof{no ;xof]uL
sfof{no ;xof]uL
/fd' kf7s
(&$!)@&$%(
(*$(&@%()^
(*)*)*%$&@
dgf]h vqL
(*$(!#$(*!
30=
sfof{no ;xof]uL
;'dg ;fx
(*$!(^%()*
31=
sfof{no ;xof]uL
ejfgL ;+h]n
(*!##^#!(&
32=
:jLk/
lzj kf]8]
(*$!$#@*@^
29=
190
!)=# ;xsf/L ljefu, cGtut{sf sfof{nox?sf] kbflwsf/Lx?sf]] gfd, kb, 6]lnkmf]g / km\ofS; g+=
sfof{no gfd
kb
sfof{no k|d'v
lghL df]=g+=
sf]8
sfof{nosf] kmf]g
km\ofS; g+=
;xsf/L ljefu, gof+ afg]Zj/
/lhi^«f /
s]bf/ Gof}kfg]
9851040327
01
4465362,
6202563,
4461177
s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L k|lzIf)f s]Gb|
k|f rfo{
u)f]z c of{n
9851079410
01
$$&)!)#, 4115678
4115621
;= k|= tyf l*= sf= ;'g;/L
k|f rfo{
an/fd lg/f}nf
9841674882
025
560184
560184
;= k|= tyf l*= sf= lrtjg
k|f rfo{
s]zj jxfb'/ yfkf
9851085334
056
521556
521556
;= k|= tyf l*= sf= sf:sL
k|f rfo{,
ab|L c lwsf/L
9856035829
061
463080
465829
;= k|= tyf l*= sf= af+s]
k|f rfo{
k|sfz /fh kf}*]n
9848302362
081
550258
550281
;= k|= tyf l*= sf= s}nfnL
k|f rfo{
v]d /fh lji^
9848772290
091
521225
521225
l*=;=sf= O{nfd
lg=;=c =
;'lgtf >]i&
027
520097
520097
023
455031
455117
021
472959
528950
4465517
l*=;=sf= emfkf
;=c =
Dffwj k|;fb kf]v/]n
l*=;=sf= df]/Ë
;=c =
lbn;]/ /fO{
l*=;=sf= wgs'^f
lg=;=c
uf]ljGb v*\sf
9852050787
026
520292
520292
l*=;=sf= pbok'/
;=c =
k')o k|;fb kf}*]n
9842828736
035
420141
420141
l*=;=sf= l;/fxf
;=c =
/]vgfy bfxfn
9844653113
033
561933
560428
l*=;=sf= bf]nvf
;=c =
e/t k|;fb (sfn
9841658484
049
421118
421118
l*=;=sf= wg'iff
;=c =
/ljGb| ofbj
9854025201
041
520159
522001
l*=;=sf= ;nf{xL
;=c
046
520146
521533
l*=;=sf= /f}tx^
lg=;=c =
dw';'bg pkfWofo
9845119474
055
520126
520677
191
9852681221
9855041474
l*=;=sf= af/f
;=c =
s'nf]Qd k|;fb kf]v/]n
9845039612
053
550019
l*=;=sf= k;f{
;=c =
/fh' k|;fb ;fx
9852832224
051
522264
529423
l*=;=sf= dsjfgk'/
;=c =
eLd axfb'/ kl/of/
9845382850
057
520514
520514
l*=;=sf= sfe|]
;=c =
r]tgfy lu/L
9841357025
011
490157
490157
l*=;=sf= g'jfsf]^
;=c =
z+s/ /fh kf&s
9841638144
010
560013
560013
l*=;=sf= wflb+u
;=c =
s[i)f axfb'/ af]x/f
9847438842
010
520116
520116
l*=;=sf= sf&df*f}+
a=;=c =
gf/fo)f k|= c of{n
9855063282
01
4780136
4780136
l*=;=sf= nlntk'/
a=;=c =
/fdxl/ nfld%fg]
9841210666
9843523003
01
5548812
5548812
l*=;=sf= eQmk'/
;=c =
*]s /fh kf]v/]n
9851005670
01
6610342
6610342
l*=;=sf= tgx'+
;=c =
uf}td e)*f/L
9846068111
065
560097
560480
l*=;=sf= afUn'ª
;=c =
lji)f' k|;fb zdf{
9847624621
068
520302
520302
l*=;=sf= :ofª \hf
;=c =
s[i)f axfb'/ s'+j/
9847027906
063
420220
420218
l*=;=sf= gjnk/f;L
;=c =
jf;'b]j e§/fO{
9841607344
078
520235
520235
l*=;=sf= ?kGb]xL
;=c =
/df c frfo{ -;'j]bL_
9841558010
071
520186
520186
l*=;=sf= kfNkf
;=c =
g]q k|;fb l#ld/]
9842682942
075
520137
520137
l*=;=sf= slknj:t'
;=c =
n]vgfy kf}*]n
9747034473
076
560086
560545
l*=;=sf= bf Ë
;=c =
ljgf]b s'df/ kf}*]n
9845097559
082
560019
560019
l*=;=sf= jlb{of
;=c
a'$ k|sfz kf}*]n
9857045160
084
420119
420004
l*=;=sf= ;'v]{t
;=c =
b]jLk|;fb kf}*]n
9848140633
083
520217
520217
192
550759
l*=;=sf= *f]^L
;=c =
nIdL s'df/ lj=s=
9849226090
094
420103
420103
l*=;=sf= h'Dnf
;=c =
gf/fo)f k|= rfkfufO{
9841817554
087
520029
520117
l*=;=sf= sGrgk'/
;=c =
/fd axfb'/ vftL
9848462796
099
521239
521239
l*=;=sf= a}t*L
lg=;=c =
lj?/fd nf]xf/
9848739765
095
520163
520024
!)=$ /fli6«o tyf s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3x?sf] gfd, 7]ufgf / kmf]g g+=
l;=g+=
1=
2=
3=
4=
5=
6=
7=
;+3sf] gfd
/fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=, ljh'nLjhf/ .
g]kfn art tyf C0f s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=, gofF
afg]Zj/ .
g]kfn df}/Lkfng s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=, e/tk'/, lrtjg
s]Gb|Lo slkm ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=, gof+ afg]Zj/ .
g]kfn s]Gb|Lo pkef]Qmf ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=,
s]Gb|Lo lrof ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=, O{nfd
g]kfn ;'rgf tyf ;+rf/ s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=, lqk'/]Zj/
kbflwsf/L
s]zj j*fn
kmf]g
u)f]z axfb'/
j:g]t
uf]ljGb j/fsf]^L
4781510,
4781697
4781963,
6215980
9844036446,
9855078407
4460382
lbks/fh kf}*]n
9851005925
uf]ljGb bfxfn
027521714
lji)f'x/L (sfn
4289121,
489123
ldg/fh s+*]n
193
ˆofS; g+=
4781326
s]Gb|Lo pv' pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=, jlb{jf;, dxf]Q/L .
9= g]kfn s]Gb|Lo hl8j'6L ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=, j'4gu/,
sf7df08f}+ .
10= /fli6«o ;xsf/L j}+s ln=, s'k08f]n .
11= s]Gb|Lo t/sf/L tyf kmnkm'n ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=, sflndf6L .
12= s]Gb|Lo b'Uw ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=, gofF afg]Zj/ .
13= g]kfn s]Gb|Lo :jf:Yo ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=, :joDe' .
14 g]kfn s[lif ;xsf/L s]Gb|Lo ;+3 ln=, s'k08f]n .
8=
g]kfn ljB't s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=, xg'dfgyfg,
cgfdgu/ .
16= h'gf/ s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=,
17= g]kfn ax'p2]ZoLo s]lGb|o ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=
18= s]lGb|o aLpljhg pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=
19= g]kfn s]lGb|o dT:o ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=
15=
/fdrGb| s'zjfx
9744005450
eQmjxfb'/ zfx
9841593113
/d]z kf]v/]n
5011782
ljgf]b k/fh'nL
6217835
dfwj sf]O{/fnf
4488724
/fh]Gb| kf)*]
4034598
v]d axfb'/
kf&s
wd{/fh kf}*]n
5010758,
5010759
4242993
lbks sf]O{/fnf
9741047263
;'/]Gb| e)*f/L
9851054918
w|'a/fh kf)*]
9841707833
;/f]h zdf{
9851107828
;dfKt
194