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ctiaq~ierapport.
oCover design by Christme Rusk
Fisheries and Marine Service
Data Report 1 3 1
April 1979
Sea ice microalgal data from Eclipse Sound, 1976 and 1977
Stephen 1. C. Hsiao
Arctic Biological Station
Department of Fisheries and Oceans
P.O. Box 400
Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Que. H9X 3L6
@ Minister of Supply and Services Canada 1979
Cat. no. Fs 97-13/1979-0131
ISSN 0701-7364
CONTENTS
~ btract/Résumé
s
Introduction
Methods
Resul t s
List of Tables
Acknowl edyements
References
ABSTRACT
Hsiao, S. 1. C.
1979.
1976 and 1977.
Sea i c e m i c r o a l g a l d a t a from E c l i p s e Sound,
F i s h . Mar. Serv. Data Rep. 131: i v + 34 p.
Sea i c e m i c r o a l g a l c o l l e c t i o n s , made i n E c l i p s e Sound i n 1976 and
1977, a r e t a b u l a t e d q u a n t i t a t i v e l y . T h i r t y - t h r e e genera and 116 s p e c i e s
o f sea i c e m i c r o a l g a e were i d e n t i f i e d ; i c e diatoms formed t h e l a r g e s t
group w i t h 28 genera and 113 s p e c i e s .
Key words: Sea i c e microalgae, i c e diatoms, q u a n t i t a t i v e species composition,
v e r t i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n , s t a n d i n g stock, A r c t i c .
RESUME
Hsiao, S. 1. C .
1979.
1976 and 1977.
Sea i c e m i c r o a l g a l d a t a from E c l i p s e Sound,
Fish'. Mar, Serv. Data Rep. 131: i v + 34 p.
Au cours des anw6s 1976 e t 1977, des prélevements de g l a c e m a r i n e
provenant du chenal de 1 ' E c l i p s e o n t permis une c l a s s i f i c a t i o n q u a n l j t a t i v e
des algues microscopiques. Au t o t a l , 33 genres e t 116 espgces o n t pu ê t r e
i d e n t i f i e s ; l e s diatomés, contenus dans l a g l a c e , c o n s t i t u e n t l e groupe
l e p l u s i m p o r t a n t avec 28 genres e t 113 especes.
INTRODUCTION
Brown, yellow-brown, greenish-brown o r reddish c o l o r bands a r e
commonly seen a t t h e i n t e r f a c e of snow and i c e on broken and d r i f t i n g
i c e - f l o e s (Gran, 1900; Meguro, 1962), and on t h e underside of s o l i d ,
unbroken sea i c e with v a r i a b l e snow cover (Apollonio, 1961; B u n t and
Wood, 1963; B u n t 1963).
These bands a r e caused by l a r g e numbers of
diatoms, and t r a c e amounts of dinofl agel l a t e s , green f l a g e l l a t e s and
chrysophytes growing on o r trapped within t h e i c e .
Al though t h e
ecologlcal importance of t h i s i c e microalgal f l o r a i s not well known,
i t s prirnary production appears t o be s u b s t a n t i a l .
I t may provide an
important source of energy f o r both p l a n k t o n i c and benthic animal
populations.
The composition of a r c t i c i c e f l o r a was r e p o r t e d by Cleve and Grunow
(1880) from Kara Sea, Cleve (1883) from Cape Wankarema, Grunow (1884) from
Barent Sea, Oestrup (1895) from e a s t c o a s t of Greenland, Cleve (1884,
1898, 1899, 1900) from Discovery Bay, Franz Josef Land, Sptizbergen and
north of Jan Mayen, Gran (1900) from t h e A r c t i c Ocean, and Usachev (1938,
1949) from t h e n o r t h pole.
drifting ice-floes.
Al1 of t h i s information was obtained from
Al though Apol l o n i o (1961, 1965) and Meguro e t a l
.
(1966, 1967) used SIPRE i c e corer t o t a k e samples from sol i d , unbroken
sea i c e f o r chlorophyll c o n t e n t , they did not q u a n t i t a t i v e l y examine
sampl e s f o r s p e c i e s composition.
Recently, Alexander e t a l . (1974)
s t u d i e d standing s t o c k of the i c e community a t Barrow, Alaska.
The purpose of t h i s r e p o r t i s t o i n v e s t i g a t e and t o compare two
sampling techniques f o r q u a n t i t a t i v e and q u a l i t a t i v e s p e c i e s composition,
v e r t i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n and standing s t o c k of t h e sea i c e microalgae from
Ecl i p s e Sound.
PIETHODS
The sea i c e microalgal d a t a presented here were derived from 16
c o l l e c t i o n s made by Mr. Hermann A . R. S t e l t n e r of S t e l t n e r Development
and Manufacturing Company, Ltd., Pond I n l e t , N.W.T.
Biological S t a t i o n .
f o r the Arctic
The sea i c e f l o r a samples were c o l l e c t e d with a
7 . 5 cm diameter SIPRE i c e c o r e r from the top t o t h e bottom of t h e sea
i c e a t S t a t i o n s 1, 2 , 3 and 4 in Eclipse Sound during May 1976 ( F i g , 1 ) .
The length of i c e core was measured, and 1 cm s e c t i o n s were c u t from t h e
top, middle and bottom with a f i n e toothed meat saw.
In o r d e r t o compare
q u a n t i t a t i v e and qua1 it a t i v e composition of sea i c e microalgae, both a
SIPRE and an ABS i c e corer were employed in March 1977 a t S t a t i o n 1 only.
The ABS ice corer has t h e same b a s i c design as t h e SIPRE i c e c o r e r , b u t
i s only 20 cm long and has 2 very f i n e (20) mesh s t a i n l e s s s t e e l screen
windows ( 2 . 5 cm X 1.3 cm) a t t h e end of i t s b a r r e l .
The samples were
taken by SCUBA divers from underneath t h e sea i c e .
Al1 t h e s e samples
were brought t o t h e s u r f a c e .
Ten cm s e c t i o n s were c u t from t h e bottom
of t h e i c e core and placed i n clean p l a s t i c containers, and then thawed
in t h e laboratory a t room temperature.
They were immediately preserved
with concentrated formaldehyde n e u t r a l i z e d with calcium carbonate a t a
f i n a l concentration of 2%.
The preserved sea i c e f l o r a samples were q u a n t i t a t i v e l y and
q u a l i t a t i v e l y analyzed f o r s p e c i e s composition and standing stock.
The
techniques t o prepare permanent s l i d e s of cleaned diatoms f o r species
i d e n t i f i c a t i o n were described by Foy and Hsiao (1976).
Sea i c e microalgae
were i d e n t i f i e d with the a i d of a Leitz phase-contrast compound microscope,
References used t o i d e n t i f y t h e s p e c i e s were Smith (1853, 1856),
C l eve and Grunow ( l 8 8 0 ) , Cleve (1873, 1883, 1894-96, 1896), Grunow
(1884), Oestrup (1895), Van Heurck ( 1 8 9 6 ) , Gran (1900, 1904, 1908),
Boyer (1916, 1926-27), Mann (1925), Heiden and Kolbe (1928), Lebour
(1930), Hustedt (1930, 1959, 1961-66), Cupp (1943), Cleve-Euler (19515 5 ) , Schmidt e t a l . (1874-1959), Hendey (1964), Hasle (1964, 1965a, b,
1972) and Van Landingham (1967, 1968, 1969, 1971, 1975) f o r diatorns;
Lebour (1925), Paulsen (1907, 1908, 1910, 1949), S c h i l l e r (1933),
Lemmermann (1908), Leedale (1967) and Kol (1968) f o r d i n o f l a g e l l a t e s ,
chrysophytes and f 1 a g e l l a t e s .
A l 1 preserved samples were thoroughly shaken t o suspend t h e c e l l s .
One m l of subsample was then taken by a p i p e t t e i n t o a Zeiss 10 m L
phytoplankton sedimentation chamber with an a d d i t i o n of 4 m L d i s t i l l e d
water.
The c e l l s were allowed t o s e t t l e f o r 12-24 hours, and were
enumerated with t h e a i d of a L e i t z i n v e r t e d microscope a t a rnagnification
of 500 t i m e s .
The c e l l s i n an a r e a e q u i v a l e n t t o 3227 microscope f i e l d s
were counted when ce11 d e n s i t y was low, and t o 89 microscope f i e l d s when
t h e d e n s i t y was high.
They were i d e n t i f i e d t o t h e s p e c i e s when p o s s i b l e ,
t o higher taxonornic level s o r groups when not.
Total ce1 1 counts were
used t o e s t i m a t e t h e standing s t o c k o f sea i c e microalgae.
s t o c k i s given in c e l l s per l i t r e f o r each s p e c i e s .
tabulated.
Standing
The r e s u l t s were
A "+" i n d i c a t e s t h a t t h e sea i c e microalgae were observed
a t sorne time during t h e a n a l y s i s but n o t during t h e count, while a "-"
i n d i c a t e s t h a t the sea i c e microalgae were not observed a t any s t a g e of
the analysis.
Ce11 numbers given a s " s p p . " may include i n d i v i d u a l s o f
s p e c i e s l i s t e d t h a t could not be i d e n t i f i e d during t h e count and/or
different species.
F i g . 1.
S t a t i o n l o c a t i o n s i n Ecl ipse Sound.
RESULTS
L i s t o f Tables
T a b l e 1.
Genera and s p e c i e s of s e a i c e m i c r o a l g a e from E c l i p s e Sound.
Table 2.
Q u a n t i t a t i v e composition o f s e a i c e m i c r o a l g a e i n E c l i p s e
Sound a t S t a t i o n 1 d u r i n g May 1976.
T a b l e 3.
Q u a n t i t a t i v e c o m p o s i t i o n o f s e a i c e m i c r o a l g a e i n Ecl i p s e
Sound a t S t a t i o n 2 d u r i n g May 1976.
Table 4.
Q u a n t i t a t i v e composition o f s e a i c e m i c r o a l g a e i n E c l i p s e
Sound a t S t a t i o n 3 d u r i n g May 1976.
Table 5.
Q u a n t i t a t i v e composition o f s e a i c e m i c r o a l g a e i n E c l i p s e
Sound a t S t a t i o n 4 d u r i n g May 1976.
T a b l e 6.
Q u a n t i t a t i v e composition and v e r t i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n o f s e a i c e
m i c r o a l g a e i n E c l i p s e Sound a t S t a t i o n 1, 21 March 1977.
Table 7.
Q u a n t i t a t i v e c o m p o s i t i o n of s e a i c e m i c r o a l g a e i n E c l i p s e
Sound a t S t a t i o n 1, 21 March 1977.
Table 1.
Genera and species of sea ice microalgae from Eclipse Sound.
Bacil lariophyta
Central es
Chaetoceros Eh renberg
C. decipiens Cleve
Eucampia Ehrenberg
Melosira Agardh
M. a r c t i c a (Ehrenberg) Di ckie i n Pritchard
Porosira Joergensen
P. g l a c i a l i s (Grunow) Joergensen
Rhizosolenia Ehrenberg
R. a l a t a Brightwell
Thalassiosira Cleve
T . bioculatus (Grunow) Ostenfeld
T . gravida Cleve
T. nordenskioldii C l eve
Trigonizun Cl eve
T. arcticwn (Bri ghtwel 1 ) Cl eve
Pennal es
Achnanthes Bo ry
Arnphiprora Ehrenberg
A . c o n e i l i a n s Cleve
A. gigantea var. s e p t e n t r i o n a l i s (Grunow i n Cleve and Grunow)
Cl eve
A . k j e l l m a n i i Cleve i n Cleve and Grunow
A . kjeZZmanii var. kmiana (Grunow i n Cleve and Grunow) Cleve
A. k j e l l m a n i i var. s t r i o l a t a (Grunow i n Cleve and Grunow) Cleve
A. kryophila Cleve
Amphora Ehrenberg
A. angusta var. ventrieosa (Gregory) Cleve
A. eunotia Cleve
A . exsecta Grunow i n Schmidt e t a l .
A. Zaevis var. Zaevissima (Gregory) Cl eve
A , Zaevissima var. minuta Cleve
Baci Z l o r i a Gmel in
B. paradoxa Gmel in i n Li nnaeus
Caloneis Cleve
C. kryophiZa ( C l eve) Cl eve
C . l i b e r (Wm. Smith) Cleve
C. obtusa (Wm. Smith) Cleve
Coceoneis Ehrenberg
DipZoneis Ehrenberg
D o ZitoraZis var. a r c t i c a Cleve
D. Z i t o r a l i s var. cZathrata (Oest r u p ) Cl eve
Fragi Zaria Ly ng bye
Gomphonema Agardh
G. exiguwn Kuetzing
G. exiguum var. pachycZadum (Brebisson i n Br6bisson and Godey)
Cl eve
G . grocnlandicm Oes t r up
Table 1.
(Conti nued)
Hantzschia Grunow
H . weyprechtii Grunow i n Cleve and Grunow
Licmophora Agardh
L. hyalina (Kuetzi n g ) Grunow
NavicuZa Bory
N . algida Grunow
N . caneellata Donkin
N . c r a s s i r o s t r i s Grunow i n Cleve and Grunow
N. crucigeroides Hus tedt
N . decipiens O ' Meara
If. d i g i t o r a d i a t a (Gregory) Ra1 f s i n Pritchard
N . d i r e c t a (Wm. Smith) Ralfs i n Pritchard
N. d i r e c t a var. s u b t i l i s (Gregory) Cleve
1. forcipata Grevi 1 1 e
N e gastrwn (Ehrenberg) Kuetzing
N . gelidu Grunow
N , g l a c i a l i s (Cleve) Grunow
N . granii ( E . Joergensen) Gran
N. irnperfecta C l eve
1. kariana Grunow i n Cleve and Grunow
N. kariana var. detersa Grunow i n Cleve and Grunow
w. kjellrnanii (Cleve i n Cleve and Grunow) Cleve
111. marina Ralfs i n Pritchard
N. novadecipiens Hus tedt
N . obtusa (Cleve i n Cleve a n d Maller) Cleve
N . o e s t r u p i Cleve
N . quadripedis Cl eve-Euler
N. recurvata Gran
N. siberica (Grunow i n Cleve a n d M61ler) Cleve
fl. s u b i n f l a t a Grunow i n Cleve and MI)] 1 e r
N. superba C l eve
N. superba var. crassa (Oestrup) Gran
N. superba var. subacuta Gran
N. t r a n s i t a n s C7eve
N. t r a n s i t a n s var. derasa (Grunow i n Cleve a n d Grunow) Cleve
N. t r a n s i t a n s var. erosa (Cleve) Cleve
N . bransitans var. incudifomnis (Grunow i n Cl eve) Cleve
ri. tî-igonocephala Cl eve
N. trigonocephala var. depressa Oes trup
M, valida Cleve and Grunow
N . valida var. minuta C l eve
Nitzschia Hassall
/il, angularis Wm. Smi t h
i?J. angulata Haçl e
N . b r e b i s s o n i i var. borealis Grunow
N , c l o s t e r i w n (Ehrenberg) Wm. Smith
JI. c.yZindrus Hasle
Table 1.
(Continued)
N. curta (Van Heurck) Hasle
1V. d e l i c a t i s s i m a C l eve
N. d i s t a n s var. e r r a t i c a Cleve
N. frigida Grunow
TJ, geZic?a Cleve and Grunow
N. gruendzeri Grunow
N. grunowii Hasle
117. hybrida Grunow
N. Zaevissima Grunow
N. Zanceolata var. pygmaea Cleve
iV. Zecointei Heurc k
fi. Zinearis var. t e n u i s (Wm. Smith) Grunow
N. Zineata Hasï e
1?1, Zongissima (Brebisson) Ral fs
N e marginulata Grunow
N. obliquecostata (Van Heurck) Hasl e
JI. pozoris Grunow
N . s e r i a t a Cleve
Pinnularia Ehrenberg
P. umbigua Cleve
P. quadratarea var. bicontracta Oestrup
P. quadratarea var. bicuneata Heiden and Kolbe
P. quadratarea var . c o n s t r i e t a Oes trup
P. quadratarea var. Zeptostauron Cl eve
P. quadratarea var. maxima Oes tru p
P. quadratarea var, minima Oestrup
P. quadratarea var. s t u x b e r g i i (Cl eve i n Cleve and Grunow) Cleve
P. semiinf l a t a var. decipiens (Cl eve) Gran
PZeurosipa Wm . Smi t h
P. anguZatm (Quekett) Wm. Smith
P. a n t a r c t i c m Heiden a n d Kolbe
P. c l e v e i Grunow
P. c u s p i d a t m C l eve
P. k a r i a n m Grunow
P. Zongwn Cleve
P. marinm Donki n
P. stuxbergii Cl eve and Grunow
P. stuxbergii var. minor Grunow
P. s t m b e r g i i var. rhomboides Cleve
S t ~ n o n e i sCl eve
S . inconspicua var. bacuZus (Cl eve) Cl eve
Synedra Ehrenberg
S . tabuLata (Agardh) Kuetzing
TabelZaria Ehrenberg
T . fenestrata (Lyngbye) Kuetzi ng
Trnchyneis Cleve
T . aspera var. aspera (Ehrenberg) Cleve
Table 1.
(Conti nued)
Tropidoneis C l eve
T . maxima var. dubia (Cleve and Grunow) Cleve
Ch1 orophyta
Chlmnydomonas Ehrenberg
C, ballenyana Kof and F l i n t
Chrysophyta
ChlorideZla Pas cher
C. g l a c i a l i s K o ~
Eugl enophyta
Euglena Ehrenberg
E. geniculata Dujardin
Pyrrophyta
Peridiniwn Ehrenberg
Prorocentrm Ehrenberg
Table 2. Quantitative composition of sea Ice microalgae in Eclipse
Sound at Station 1 during May 1976.
15 May
Sea ice thickness (cm)
182
Total sea ice microalgae (cells/litre) 62,736,113
Baci 1 lariophyta
Central es
Chaetoceros
c. spp.
Me Zosira
M. arctica
M. spp.
Porosira
P. gZaciaZis
Rhizoso Zenia
B. azata
Tha Zassiosira
T . bioculatus
T . gravida
T. nordenskio Zdii
r . spp.
Trigoniwn
T . arcticzlun
Unidentified
Penna l es
Achnanthes
A. spp.
Amphiprora
A . conci Z i a n s
A. gigantea var. s e p t e n t r i o n a l i s
A. GeZZrnanii
A. kjeZZmanii var. kariana
A. ?(jeZZmanii var. s t r i o l a t a
A. kryophiZa
A.
spp.
hphora
A. angusta var. ventrieosa
A. eunotia
A. Zaevis var. Zaevissima
A.
spp.
BacilZaria
B , paradoxa
CaZoneis
C. krgophila
C. obtusa
DipZoneis
D. Z i t o r a l i s var. a r c t i c a
D.
spp.
59,645,141
7,284,302
783,259
783,259
3,054,710
+
3,054,710
39,162
39,162
117,488
117,488
626,604
117,488
39,162
234,977
234,977
39,162
39,162
2,623,917
52,360,839
3,524,665
3,524,665
1,958,345
39,162
430,792
+
+
587,444
195,814
704,933
1,253,212
-
156,651
39,162
1,057,399
78,325
78,325
+
-
+
78,325
78,325
f
20 May
196
27 May
193
110,700,616
Table 2.
(Conti n u e d )
Da t e
15 May
Fragilaria
F.
spp.
Gomphonema
G. e x i g u m v a r . pachycladwn
G . groen Zandicm
G.
spp.
Hantzschia
H . weyprechtii
Navicula
if. algida
N. cance l l a t a
N. c r a s s i r o s t r i s
N. crucineroides
<
M. decipzens
N . digitoradiata
iZi. d i r e c t a
ïJ, g a s t r m
N. g l a c i a l i s
N. granii
N . kariana
iii. kariana v a r . detersa
N . k je Zlmanii
Al. marina
PJ. novadecipiens
N . oes t r u p i
N . quadripedis
N. recu~vata
N . siberica
N. s u b i n f l a t a
1V. superba
111. sujerba var. crassa
LV. superba v a r . subacuta
N . t r a n s i tans
JI. transitans v a r . derasa
iV. transitans v a r . erosa
N . transitans var . i n c u d i f o m i s
N. triyonocephala
N . trigonocephala v a r . depressa
N. valida
N. valida v a r . minuta
1. spp.
Nitzschia
If. angu l a t a
N. angularis
N. closteriwn
665,770
665,770
979,073
744,096
+
234,977
78,325
78,325
4,112,099
-
195,814
+
-
78,325
117,488
117,488
-
39,162
-t
c
f
2,075,636
39,162
78,325
-
117,488
+
i-
39,162
+
+
156,651
195,814
+
+
39,162
822,422
29,019,745
-
1,409,866
704,933
20 May
27 May
Table 2.
(Continued)
Da t e
15 Clay
PJ.
cyZindms
var. erratica
N. f r i g i d a
N . gmendZeri
N . grunowii
iV. hybrida
N . Zaevissima
N. Zanceolata var. pygrnaea
N. Zecointei
81. Zinearis var . t e n u i s
IV. Zineata
N. Zongissima
iV. polaris
N. s e r i a t a
171. spp.
PinnuZaria
P. umbigua
P . quadratarea var. bicontracta
P. quadratarea var. bicuneata
P, quadratarea var . cons t r i e t a
P. quadratarea var. Zeptostauron
P. quadratarea var . minima
P. quadratarea var. s t u x b e r g i i
P. s e m i i n f l a t a var. decipiens
P. spp.
PZeurosipa
P. angu Z a t m
P. c l e v e i
P, karianwn
P. s t u x b e r g i i
P. spp.
Synedîîa
S . tabuZata
S . spp.
T~opidoneis
T. maxima var. dubia
Unidenti f i e d
N. d i s t a n s
,
Chrysophyta
Ch Zoride 2 Zn
C . gZaciaZis
Eugl enophyta
Eug Zenn
E. genicuZatu
Pyrrophyta
Peridiniim
P. spp.
20 Flay
27 May
Table 3.
Q u a n t i t a t i v e composition of s e a i c e microalgae i n Eclipse
Sound a t S t a t i o n 2 during May 1976.
Da t e
Sea i c e t h i c k n e s s (cm)
Total s e a i c e microalgae ( c e l l s / l i t r e )
Baci 11 a r i o p h y t a
Central e s
Cvzaetoceros
c. s p p .
Melosira
M. arctica
M . spp.
ThaZassiosira
T. gravida
T. nordens k i o Zdii
T. s p p .
Unidentified
Pennal e s
Amphiproru
A. gigantea v a r . s e p t e n t r i o n a l i s
A. kjeZZmanii v a r . kariana
A. k j e l l m a n i i var. strioZata
A. kryophila
A. spp.
Ar.phora
A. eunotia
A , Zaevis v a r . Zaevissima
A. Zaevissima v a r . minuta
A. spp.
Baci Z Zaria
B . paradoxa
CaZoneis
C. kryophiZa
Cocconeis
c. spp.
D i p Zoneis
D. ZitoraZis v a r . clathrata
Gomphonema
G. e x i g u m
G. exiguwn v a r . pachycladwn
G. groenZandicm
G . spp.
1VavicuZa
N. aZgida
N. cance Z Zata
17 May
193
18 May
193
24 May
192
Table 3.
(Continued)
Da t e
17 May
N. c r a s s i r o s t r i s
N. c m c i g e r o i d e s
N.
N.
IV.
N.
IV.
N.
N.
81-
IV,
N.
N.
N.
N.
N.
IV.
N.
iZi.
N.
If.
LV.
iiJ.
N.
m.
decipiens
digitoradiata
directa
d i r e c t a var. s u b t i l i s
forciputa
geZida
glacialis
granii
k je Z Zmanii
marina
quadripedis
recurvata
siberica
superba
trknsitans
transitans var. derasa
t r a n s i tans v a r . erosa
transitans var . i n c u d iformis
trigonocepha Za
trigonocephaZa v a r . depressa
valida
valida var. minuta
spp.
I~~itaschia
N . anguZaris
iV. c2osteriuu-n
lu. cylindrus
N. distans var. erratica
N. gruendleri
N. grzinowii
IV. h g b r i h iV. Zaevissima
iV. Zecointei
N . Zineata
N. marginu Zata
h7. po Zaris
81. spp.
Pinnu Zaria
P. ambigua
P, quadratarea
P. quadratarea
P. quadra tarea
P. quadratarea
P. yuadratarea
P. spp.
var .
var.
var .
var .
var.
bicontracta
constricta
maxima
minima
stuxbergii
18 May
24 May
Table 3.
(Continued)
Da t e
1 7 May
PZeurosigma
P. a n g u Za t w n
P. cZevei
P. c u s p i d a t u m
P. l o n g w n
P. m a r i n w n
P. s t u x b e r g i i
P. s t u x b e r g i i var. m i n o r
P. s p p .
Synedra
S. s p p .
T'rachyneis
T. aspera var. aspera
Tropidoneis
T . m a x i m a va r . d u b i a
Unidentif ied
Pyrrophyta
Peridiniwn
P. s p p .
18 May
24 May
Table 4. Quantitative composition of sea ice microalgae in Eclipse
Sound at Station 3 during May 1976.
18 May
Sea ice thickness (cm)
Total sea ice microalgae (ce1 ls/l i tre)
Baci 11 ariophyta
Central es
Chaetoceros
C.
spp.
Me Zosira
M. arctica
ThaZassiosira
T. gravida
T . nordenskio l d i i
Unidentified
Pennal es
Amphiprora
A. gigantea var. s e p t e n t r i o n a l i s
A. G e l Zmanii var. kariana
A. k j e l l m a n i i var. s t r i o l a t a
A. kryophila
A.
spp.
Amphora
A. exsecta
A. l a e v i s var. Zaevissima
A. Zaevissima var. minuta
A.
spp.
Caloneis
C. kryophiZa
Diploneis
D. Z i t o r a l i s var. a r c t i c a
Fragi Zaria
r".
spp.
Gomphonema
G . exiguum var. pachycZadum
S . groenlmdicwn
G.
spp,
Han tzschia
11. weyprechtii
ivavicu l a
N . algida
N. crassirostris
N. crucigeroides
i?i. decipiens
N. d i g i toradiata
Table 4 .
(Continued)
Date
18 May
N. directa
gastrwn
geZida
g ZaciaZis
imperfecta
177. kariana var. detersa
IV. k j e Z Zmanii
N . marina
N . novadecipiens
N . quadripedis
N . recurvata
iii. s i b e r i c a
IV. superba
N. superba var. subacuta
N. t r a n s i t a n s
N . t r a n s i t a n s var. derasa
N . t r a n s i t a n s v a r . erosa
N. t r a n s i t a n s v a r . incudif o m i s
N . trigonocephala
ili. trigonocephala v a r . depressa
iii. valida
N. valida var. minuta
Nitzschia
A7. cy 2indî.u~
IV. d i s tans va r. e r r a t i c a
N. gZida
IV. gruend Zeri
Al. grunowii
N. hybrida
Al. Zaevissima
N. Zecointei
N. Zineata
N. obZiquecostata
IV. pozaris
iV. s e r i a t a
1V.
N.
IiJ.
N.
m.
spp.
Pinnu Zaria
P. ambigua
P. quadratarea
P. quadratarea
P. quadratarea
P. quadratarea
P. semiinflata
P.
spp.
var.
var.
var.
var.
var.
bicontracta
constrieta
minima
stuxbergii
decipiens
T a b l e 4.
(Continued)
18 May
Date
PZeurosigrna
P. angu Zatwn
P. cZevei
P. cuspidatwn
P. s t u x b e r g i i
P. s t u x b e r g i i v a r . mirwr
P. s t u x b e r g i i v a r . rhomboides
P. spp.
Stenoneis
S. inconspicua var., baculus
Synedra
S. spp.
Trachyneis
T . aspera v a r . aspera
Tropidonais
T. maxima v a r . dubia
Unidentif ied
Table 5.
Q u a n t i t a t i v e composition of sea ice microalgae in Eclipse
Sound a t Station 4 during May 1976.
Sea i c é thickness (cm)
Total sea ice microalgae ( c e l l s / l i t r e )
Baci 1 1 ariophyta
Central es
Chaetoceros
c. spp.
Eucampia
E. spp.
ThaZassiosira
T . gravida
T* nordenskio Zdii
Trigoniun
T . arcticum
Unidentified
Pennal es
Achnanthes
A. spp.
Amphiprora
A. gigantea var. s e p t e n t r i o n a l i s
A . kjeZZmanii var. kariana
A. kjeZZmanii var. s t r i o Z a t a
A , kryophiZa
A. spp.
Amphora
A. eunotia
A. Zaevis var . Zaeuissima
A . spp.
Baci ZZmia
B . paradoxa
CaZoneis
C. kryophiln
Dip Zoneis
D. ZitoraZis var. a r c t i c a
Fragi Zaria
F . spp.
Gomphonema
G . exiguwll var. pachycZadm
G. groen Zandicwn
G. spp.
Hantzschia
H. weyprechtii
1 8 May
25 May
216
127,319,753
217
Table 5.
(Continued)
18 May
ivàvicu l a
IV. algida
N. crucigeroides
N. decipiens
N. digitoradiata
N. directa
N . gelida
1V. g l a c i a l i s
JI. kariana var. detersa
N . kje 2 lmanii
N . marina
N. novadecipiens
TJ. obtusa
N. oestrupi
N. quadripedis
N . recurvata
N. siberica
iV. superba
N. superba v a r . crassa
IV. superba var . subacuta
IV. t r a n s i t a n s
111. t r a n s i t a n s v a r . derasa
N . t r a n s i t a n s v a r . erosa
N. t r a n s i t a n s v a r . i n c u d i f o m i s
N. trigonocepha l a
Il. trigonocepha l a var. depressa
i?i.
valida
IV, valida var. minuta
N. s p p *
Nitzschia
if. closteriwn
N. c y l i n d m s
N, d i s t a n s v a r . e r r a t i c a
N. frigida
N. gruendleri
?V. grunowii
N. hgbrida
N. laevissima
N. l e c o i n t e i
N. Zinemis var. tenuis
N . Zineata
IV. polaris
IV. s e r i a t a
11'. s pp.
25 May
Table 5.
(Continued)
Date
18 May
Pinnularia
P. ambigua
P. quadîatarea
P. quadratarea
P. quadratarea
P. quadratarea
P. semiinflata
var.
var.
var.
var.
var.
bicontracta
constricta
minima
s tuxbergii
decipiens
P. spp.
Pleurosigma
P. a n g u l a t m
P. c l e v e i
P. k a r i a n m
P. longwi
P. stuxbergii
P. stuxbergii var . minor
P. spp.
Stenoneis
S. inconspicua var. baculus
Synedra
S. spp.
Trachyneis
T. aspera var. aspera
Tropidoneis
T. maxima var. dubia
Unidentified
Pyrrophyta
Prorocentmui
P. spp.
25 May
Table 6.
Q u a n t i t a t i v e composition and v e r t i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n of
sea i c e microalgae in E c l i p s e Sound a t S t a t i o n 1,
21 March 1977.
Snow cover (cm)
Sea i c e thickness (cm)
Ice s e c t i o n 1 cm taken from
Total sea i c e microalgae ( c e l l s l l i t r e )
Bacil lariophyta
Centrales
Chaetoceros
C. decipiens
C. s p p .
Me Zosira
M. arctica
Unidentified
Pennal es
Amphiproru
A. k j e ZZrnanii var. s t r i o l a t a
Amphora
A.
Spp.
Baci l Zaria
B . paradoxa
Caloneis
C. l i b e r
NavicuZa
IV. d i r e c t a
N. oestrupi
IV. s pp.
flitzschia
ZV. closterium
N . curta
IV. cy lindrus
N . gelida
N . Zaevissirna
N. Zecointei
N . polaris
Y. s e r i a t a
N . SPP.
Pleurosigrna
P. s t u x b e r g i i
P. spp.
Unidentified
7-0P
28,000
28,000
16,000
7,000
7,000
+
9,000
-
9,000
12,000
-
-
-
+
-
+
10,000
1,000
+
8,000
+
-
-
+
1,000
-
2,000
Middle
Bottom
Table 7. Quantitative composition of sea ice microalgae in Eclipse Sound at Station 1,
21 March 1977.
Snow cover (cm)
Sea ice thickness (cm)
Ice section 10 cm from bottom
Total sea ice microalgae (ce11 s/ 1 i tre)
Baci 1 lariophyta
Central es
Chaetoceros
c. spp.
Coscinodiscus
c. spp.
Me Zosira
M.
spp.
Rhizosolenia
R. a l a t a
ThaZassiosira
T. nordenskioldii
T.
spp.
Trigoniwn
T. mcticwn
Unidentified
Pennales
Achnanthes
A.
Spp.
Amphiprora
A. gigantea var. s e p t e n t r i o n a l i s
A. kjeZZmanii var. s t r i o l a t a
A. kryophiZa
A.
Spp.
124
Sipre
Core #1
8,000
Si pre
Core #2
Sipre
Core #3
ABS corer
Table 7.
(Continued)
Ice section 10 cm from bottom
Amphora
A. eunotia
A. Zaevis var. Zaevissirna
A. S p p ,
BacilZaria
B. paradox
DipZoneis
D. ZitoraZis var. a r c t i c a
Gomphonema
G. spp.
Hantzschia
W . we yprechtii
Licmop hora
L. h y a l i m
NavicuZa
N. crucigeroides
N . decipiens
N. directa
N . gZaciaZis
N. kjeZlmanii
N . novadecipiens
N. oestrupi
N. quadripedis
IV. r e c w a t a
N. transitans
N. transitans var. ineudiformis
N. superba
N. valida
N . valida var. minuta
N.
spp.
S i pre
Core #1
S i pre
Core #2
S i pre
Core #3
ABS corer
Table 7.
(Conti nued)
I c e s e c t i o n 10 cm from bottom
Nitaschia
ni. b r é b i s s o n i i v a r . boreaZis
N. closteriwn
N. ey.Zindms
N. delicatissima
N . distans v a r . e r r a t i c a
N . gruendzeri
Al. grunowii
IV. hybrida
N. Zaevissima
N. Zecointei
IV. Zineams v a r . t e n u i s
N. poZaris
N. seriata
N.
spp.
Pinnu Zaria
P. quadratarea
P. quadratarea
P. quabatarea
P. quadratarea
var.
var.
Var.
var.
bicontracta
constrieta
Zeptostauron
stuxbergii
P. s p p .
PZeu~osigma
P. anguZatm
P. antarcticwn
P. cZevei
P. s t u x b e r g i i
P. stuxbergii v a r . minor
P.
spp.
TabelZaria
T. fenes t r a t a
Sipre
Core #1
Sipre
Core #2
Si p r e
Core #3
ABS c o r e r
Table 7 .
(Continued)
Ice s e c t i o n 10 cm from bottom
Tropidoneis
T. maxima var. dubia
Unidenti f ied
Chlorophyta
ChZamydomonas
C. bal Zenyana
c. spp.
Pyrrophyta
Unidentified
Sipre
Core #1
Sipre
Core #2
Sipre
Core #3
ABS corer
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This research was supported and financed in part by the Polar
continental Shelf Project, Transport Development Corporation of
Department of Transport, and Department of Indian and Northern Affairs
grants t o Mr, Hermann A . R. S t e l t n e r .
1 am grateful t o Mrs. D. Lussier-
Brown f o r her very able technical a s s i s t a n c e , and Messrs. K. Hay and
J , E . Lovrity f o r help in c o l l e c t i n g samples.
Mlss L . G . McMul lon f o r typing the manuscript.
Thanks a r e a l s o due to
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Comment on Adam et al. Metformin Effect on Nontargeted