Homework of Biol-1407
Name of the Student: ……………………………………………………………..
Date: …………………………………
Home Work for BIOL-1407. April 08, 2010
Note: 20 grade points will be awarded towards the first lecture exam for this homework assignment. Each question will carry 0.5 points. This
homework is due on Friday 04/08/2011 by 8:00 AM.
The following questions refer to the human digestive system structures:
Figure 41.1
1) Name the various parts of the digestive system pertaining to following numbers.
A) 2 ……………………………….
B) 3 ………………………………..
C) 7 ………………………………..
D) 9 ………………………………..
E) 8 ……………………………......
2) Where are the agents that help emulsify fat produced?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 8
E) 9
3) Where does the complete digestion of carbohydrates occur?
A) 3 only
B) 4 only
C) 1 and 4
D) 3 and 4
E) 1, 3, and 4
4) Where does the digestion of fats mostly occur?
A) 3 only
B) 4 only
C) 1 and 4
D) 3 and 4
E) 1, 3, and 4
5) Which structure is home to bacteria that produce vitamins as by-products of their metabolism?
A) 3
B) 4
C) 5
D) 7
E) 8
6) Which of these naturalists synthesized a concept of natural selection independently of Darwin?
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Homework of Biol-1407
A) Charles Lyell
B) Gregor Mendel
C) Alfred Wallace
D) John Henslow
E) Thomas Malthus
7) Natural selection changes allele frequencies in populations because some __________ survive and reproduce more successfully than others.
A) alleles
B) loci
C) gene pools
D) species
E) individuals
8) What is the primary species concept used in this textbook?
A) phylogenetic
B) ecological
C) biological
D) morphological
9) What was the species concept most used by Linnaeus?
A) biological
B) morphological
C) ecological
D) phylogenetic
10) Which event is nearest in time to the end of the period known as snowball Earth?
A) oxygenation of Earth's seas and atmosphere
B) evolution of mitochondria
C) Cambrian explosion
D) evolution of true multicellularity
E) Permian extinction
11) Which of the following is a correct association of an animal germ layer with the tissues or organs to which it gives rise?
A) ectoderm: outer covering of digestive system
B) endoderm: internal lining of blood vessels
C) ectoderm: central nervous system
D) mesoderm: skin
E) endoderm: linings of liver passageways and lung passageways
12) The blastopore is a structure that first becomes evident during
A) fertilization.
B) gastrulation.
C) the eight-cell stage of the embryo.
D) coelom formation.
E) cleavage.
13) Which of the following organisms are deuterostomes?
A) molluscs
B) annelids
C) echinoderms
D) chordates
E) both C and D
14) Among the characteristics unique to animals is
A) gastrulation.
B) multicellularity.
C) sexual reproduction.
D) flagellated sperm.
E) heterotrophic nutrition.
15) What is one characteristic that separates chordates from all other animals?
A) true coelom
B) post-anal tail
C) blastopore, which becomes the anus
D) bilateral symmetry
E) segmentation
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Homework of Biol-1407
16) Which of the following is descriptive of protostomes?
A) spiral and indeterminate cleavage, blastopore becomes mouth
B) spiral and determinate cleavage, blastopore becomes mouth
C) spiral and determinate cleavage, blastopore becomes anus
D) radial and determinate cleavage, blastopore becomes anus
E) radial and determinate cleavage, blastopore becomes mouth
17) Which of the following is a shared characteristic of all chordates?
A) scales
B) jaws
C) vertebrae
D) dorsal, hollow nerve cord
E) four-chambered heart
18) Lampreys differ from hagfishes in
A) lacking jaws.
B) having a cranium.
C) having pharyngeal clefts that develop into pharyngeal slits.
D) having a notochord throughout life.
E) having a notochord that is surrounded by a tube of cartilage.
19) The endoskeletons of most vertebrates are composed of calcified
A) cartilage.
B) silica.
C) chitin.
D) dentin.
E) enamel.
20) What is a distinctive feature of the chondrichthyans?
A) an amniotic egg
B) unpaired fins
C) an acute sense of vision that includes the ability to distinguish colors
D) a mostly cartilaginous endoskeleton
E) lack of jaws
21) Which era is known as the "age of reptiles"?
A) Cenozoic
B) Mesozoic
C) Paleozoic
D) Precambrian
E) Cambrian
22) Most dinosaurs and pterosaurs become extinct at the close of the __________ era.
A) Cretaceous
B) Permian
C) Devonian
D) Ordovician
E) Triassic
23) In which vertebrates is fertilization exclusively internal?
A) chondrichthyans, osteichthyans, and mammals
B) amphibians, mammals, and reptiles
C) chondrichthyans, osteichthyans, and reptiles
D) reptiles and mammals
E) reptiles and amphibians
24) No urinary bladder, females with one ovary, no teeth
A) amphibians
B) nonbird reptiles
C) chondrichthyans
D) mammals
E) birds
25) Which of these species was the first to have been adapted for long-distance bipedalism?
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Homework of Biol-1407
A) H. heidelbergensis
B) H. erectus
C) H. ergaster
D) H. habilis
E) H. sapiens
26) Which of these species demonstrates symbolic thought, art, and full-blown language?
A) H. heidelbergensis
B) H. erectus
C) H. ergaster
D) H. habilis
E) H. sapiens
27) Some animals that lived 530 million years ago resembled lancelets but had a brain and a skull. These animals may represent
A) the first chordates.
B) a "missing link" between urochordates and cephalochordates.
C) early craniates.
D) marsupials.
E) nontetrapod gnathostomes.
28) Vertebrates and tunicates share
A) jaws adapted for feeding.
B) a high degree of cephalization.
C) the formation of structures from the neural crest.
D) an endoskeleton that includes a skull.
E) a notochord and a dorsal, hollow nerve cord.
29) As humans diverged from other primates, which of the following appeared first?
A) the development of technology
B) language
C) bipedal locomotion
D) making stone tools
E) an enlarged brain
30) Which of the following vitamins is correctly associated with its use?
A) vitamin Ccuring rickets
B) vitamin Aincorporated into the visual pigment of the eye
C) vitamin Dcalcium removal from bone
D) vitamin Eprotection of skin from cancer
E) vitamin Kproduction of white blood cells
31) Animals require certain amino acids in their diet. An amino acid that is referred to as nonessential would be best described as one that
A) can be made by the animal's body from other substances.
B) is not used by the animal in biosynthesis.
C) must be ingested in the diet.
D) is less important than an essential amino acid.
E) is not found in many proteins.
32) To leave the digestive tract, a substance must cross a cell membrane. During which stage of food processing does this take place?
A) ingestion
B) digestion
C) hydrolysis
D) absorption
E) elimination
33) After ingestion, the first type of macromolecule to be worked on by enzymes in the human digestive system is
A) protein.
B) carbohydrate.
C) cholesterol
D) nucleic acid.
E) glucose.
34) What part(s) of the digestive system have secretions with a pH of 2?
A) small intestine
B) stomach
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Homework of Biol-1407
C) pancreas
D) liver
E) mouth
35) How does the digestion and absorption of fat differ from that of carbohydrates?
A) Processing of fat does not require any digestive enzymes, whereas the processing of carbohydrates does.
B) Fat absorption occurs in the stomach, whereas carbohydrates are absorbed from the small intestine.
C) Carbohydrates need to be emulsified before they can be digested, whereas fats do not.
D) Most absorbed fat first enters the lymphatic system, whereas carbohydrates directly enter the blood.
E) Only fat must be worked on by bacteria in the large intestine before it can be absorbed.
36) In general, herbivorous mammals have molars modified for
A) cutting.
B) ripping.
C) grinding.
D) splitting.
E) piercing.
37) Why are cattle able to survive on a diet consisting almost entirely of plant material?
A) They are autotrophic.
B) Cattle, like the rabbit, reingest their feces.
C) They manufacture all 15 amino acids out of sugars in the liver.
D) Cattle saliva has enzymes capable of digesting cellulose.
E) They have cellulose-digesting, symbiotic microorganisms in chambers of their stomachs.
38) Which of the following animals is incorrectly paired with its feeding mechanism?
A) lionsubstrate feeder
B) baleen whalesuspension feeder
C) aphidfluid feeder
D) clamsuspension feeder
E) snakebulk feeder
39) Which sequence of blood flow can be observed in either a reptile or a mammal?
A) left ventricle → aorta → lungs → systemic circulation
B) right ventricle → pulmonary vein → pulmocutaneous circulation
C) pulmonary vein → left atrium → ventricle → pulmonary circuit
D) vena cava → right atrium → ventricle → pulmonary circuit
E) right atrium → pulmonary artery → left atrium → ventricle
40) Which of these are involved in the early stages of blood clotting?
A) low-density lipoproteins
B) immunoglobulins
C) erythropoietin
D) epinephrine
E) platelets
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