Hydrogen
gets things moving
5
HYDROGEN –
CLEAN ENERGY
7
THE MISSING LINK
OF THE ENERGY TRANSITION
9
HYDROGEN –
A PROVEN SOLUTION
11
FOCUS: INFRASTRUCTURE
FOR GERMANY
13
THE INTERNATIONAL
ROLL-OUT
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AIR LIQUIDE H2 STATIONS –
A WORLDWIDE PRESENCE
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3
NUMBER ONE IN THE
PERIODIC TABLE
HYDROGEN
CLEAN ENERGY
Hydrogen (H2) is element number one in the periodic table,
Air Liquide is actively involved in setting up a hydrogen
and for a good reason: In our universe, no other element is
industry and allowing the widespread use of hydrogen as
as plentiful as hydrogen.
a clean energy. As the world leader in gases, technologies
and services for Industry and Health, Air Liquide has built
On Earth, hydrogen always exists in chemical compounds
up unique expertise in managing the entire hydrogen
such as water, hydrocarbons and other organic com-
chain, covering not only production, distribution, and
pounds, from which it can be extracted using energy.
high-pressure storage but also hydrogen refuelling
Hydrogen is a very light gas, which quickly mixes with the
stations.
surrounding air.
The world of energy is in the midst of deep change and
Used in the fuel cell, hydrogen combines with oxygen
hydrogen is one of the solutions that offer a response to
from the air to produce electricity, with water as the only
the challenges of clean transportation: reducing green-
byproduct. Hydrogen can be produced from a various
house gases, pollution in our cities and dependency on
range of energy sources, in particular from renewable
oil-based fuels.
ones. Hydrogen thus has great potential to provide
clean energy and to substitute fossil fuels.
The transport sector is responsible for a large share of
carbon dioxide and particle emissions. Reducing vehicles’
carbon footprint is crucial to make our cities a better place
to live in.
0
CARBON EMISSIONS
ARE CAUSED BY FUEL CELL ELECTRIC VEHICLES
CARBON
4
FREE
MOBILITY
HYDROGEN IS A KEY ENABLER FOR THE
TRANSITION TO A LOW CARBON SOCIETY
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HYDROGEN FROM
RENEWABLE SOURCES
THE MISSING LINK
OF THE ENERGY TRANSITION
With Blue Hydrogen, Air Liquide is firmly moving towards a
Hydrogen extracted by electrolysis is completely emission-­
gradual decarbonization of its hydrogen production dedi-
free if the electricity used originates from renewable
cated to energy applications. In practical terms, Air Liquide
sources, such as wind, solar energy or water power.
has made a commitment to produce at least 50% of the
hydrogen required for these applications through carbon-­
Hydrogen can be used as a storage medium for sustainably
free processes by 2020, combining:
generated electricity. Hydrogen can carry large amounts of
• biogas reforming,
energy for a long period of time to be reconverted using fuel
• the use of renewable energies during water electrolysis,
cells when required. It is thus able to offset network instabi-
• the use of technologies for the capture and upgrading of
lities. At the same time hydrogen can also provide clean
carbon emitted during the process of producing hydrogen
fuel to power vehicles, or energy for other applications
from natural gas.
where electicity is needed. The potential to build a bridge
between energy, transport and industry is what makes
50%
Even when produced from natural gas, hydrogen is a
hydrogen unique. It is the missing link to complete the
virtuous energy: for equal distances travelled, hydrogen
energy transition.
cars allow to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at
least 20% compared with internal combustion vehicles.
BLUE HYDROGEN
FOR ENERGY APPLICATIONS
BY
2020
AS A COMMITMENT BY AIR LIQUIDE
Water electrolysis
During electrolysis, water is split into
6
ANODE
CATHODE
its components hydrogen and oxygen.
The electrical energy used is converted
into chemical energy and stored in the
form of hydrogen.
7
EMISSION-FREE MOBILITY
WITH A RANGE
YOU ARE USED TO
HYDROGEN
A PROVEN SOLUTION
Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEV) offer emission-free
To release the required energy to power a car, several
mobility with a range we are used to.
cells are arranged in a ‘stack’.
The construction of a fuel cell is similar to that of a car
The hydrogen tanks consist of a plastic core that is insulated
battery. Every cell contains two plate-shaped electrodes
by a carbon fibre composite. The tanks are designed for a
(anode and cathode) with a polymer electrolyte membrane
high operating pressure. Before filling up, the tightness of
(PEM) separated from each other by an electro­lyte. This
the connection between the vehicle and the pump is
electrolyte can conduct ions but it is gas-opaque.
checked – only then gaseous hydrogen does flow into the
tank. The connector coupling has been standardized
worldwide since 2007.
The catalyst materials (normally platinum) are located on
the electrodes and ensure that the gaseous hydrogen
supplied releases ions as charge carriers. The hydrogen
molecules decompose into hydrogen atoms at the anode
500
which in turn become positively charged hydrogen ions by
A RANGE OF MORE THAN
KILOMETRES
releasing electrons. The free electrons flow to the cathode
via a conductor and can now be used as electricity that
powers the electric motor.
SIMILAR TO TODAY´S CONVENTIONAL VEHICLES
3 5
TO
MINUTES
REFUELLING TIME
Fuel cell stack
High volt battery
Hydrogen tanks
Power electronics
Electric motor
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9
HYDROGEN
FOCUS: INFRASTRUCTURE
FOR GERMANY
Rostock
Hamburg
Neuruppin
Bremen
Berlin
Wolfsburg
Hanover
Potsdam
Laatzen
Magdeburg
Münster
Wuppertal
Kamen
Ratingen Mülheim
Düsseldorf-City Centre
Düsseldorf-South
Leverkusen
Cologne
Wiesbaden
Energy Partnership (CEP) since 2011. With its ‘50 Refuelling
stations to up to 400 by the end of 2023. By the end of the
Stations’ program, funded by the German Federal Ministry
first development phase (2018/19), Germany will have the
of Transport and Digital Infrastructure (BMVI) within the
world’s densest hydrogen refuelling network with a total of
framework of the National Innovation Programme Hydrogen
some 100 stations. The second phase will, however, be
and Fuel Cell Technology (NIP), CEP initiated the construc-
tied to the number of fuel cell vehicles on the roads.​The
tion and operation of a nationwide refuelling infrastructure
first H2 MOBILITY station with Air Liquide t​ echnology will
for passenger cars.
be located in Frankfurt am Main (Hesse), scheduled to be
Air Liquide contributed ten stations: Bad Rappenau and
Dresden
Limburg
Coblenz
H2 MOBILITY will expand the existing network of hydrogen
officially opened in June 2017.
Leipzig
Lohfelden
In Germany, Air Liquide has been a member of the Clean
Berg
Hirschberg (Baden-Württemberg), Limburg an der Lahn and
H2 MOBILITY receives funding from the German Federal
Offenbach am Main (Hesse), Wolfsburg (Lower Saxony),
Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure (BMVI)
Düsseldorf-City Centre, Düsseldorf-South, Kamen and Mül-
within the framework of the National Innovation Programme
heim an der Ruhr (North Rhine-Westphalia), and Coblenz
Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology (NIP), as well as from
(Rhineland-Palatinate).
the European Commission through the second phase of
the Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking (FCH 2 JU)
Frankfurt
Offenbach
Weiterstadt
Hirschberg
Nuremberg
In 2014, Air Liquide joined forces together with its partners
as part of the Hydrogen Mobility Europe (H2ME) Project,
Daimler, Linde, OMV, Shell and Total and founded the joint
and the Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T CEF)
venture H2 MOBILITY Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG. Its
as part of the Connecting Hydrogen Refuelling Stations
mission: the quick, efficient development of the hydrogen
(COHRS) Project.
infrastructure needed for fuel cell vehicles, in order to
Bad Rappenau
provide nationwide coverage.
Karlsruhe
Ludwigsburg
Ingolstadt
Stuttgart
The six shareholders are pushing for the swifter introduction of national and international standards, and thus
Wendlingen
making a major contribution to decoupling mobility from
CO2 emissions. In order to dovetail progress as closely as
Munich
possible with the automobile industry, BMW, Honda,
Freiburg
Toyota and Volkswagen are on board as associated partners.
Sponsored by
Air Liquide stations / Stations with Air Liquide technology
Other stations
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Stand: 04/2017
MEETING
THE CHALLENGES
OF CLEAN
MOBILITY
HYDROGEN
THE INTERNATIONAL
ROLL-OUT
Even beyond Germany, Air Liquide is actively involved in
In Japan, the government sees hydrogen as a major energy
setting up a hydrogen industry and developping alternative
with great promise for the future of the automotive industry
energy solutions for clean mobility, allowing the wide­
and considers building around 100 hydrogen stations within
spread use of hydrogen as a clean energy.
the next few years. Air Liquide expects to be responsible
for building many of these stations. In March 2017,
In France, Air Liquide installed a hydrogen station in Saint Lô
Air Liquide established two new public hydrogen stations in
(Manche) in January 2015. In December 2015, another
the cities of Fukuoka and Kobe. With the stations inaugura-
one was inaugurated in Grenoble as part of the HyWay
ted in Nagoya, Toyota and Saga cities in 2016, this takes to
project, complementing the existing station at Air Liquide’s
five times the number of public hydrogen stations installed
Sassenage site (Rhône-Alpes). On the occasion of COP21,
by the Group in this country.
Air Liquide installed the first hydrogen station in Paris, to
support the launch of the Paris-based electric taxi start-up
In November 2014, Air Liquide announced plans to
STEP (Société du Taxi Electrique Parisien). This hydrogen-­
develop and supply a fully-integrated hydrogen refuelling
powered vehicle fleet composed of Hyundai ix35 cars is
infrastructure with 12 stations in the Northeast of the US
expected to count several hundred vehicles within five years.
in collaboration with Toyota.​​Since December 2016,
Air Liquide has also been operating its first station in
75
250,000
HYDROGEN STATIONS
HAVE BEEN DESIGNED AND BUILT BY AIR LIQUIDE AROUND THE WORLD
In the Netherlands, Air Liquide opened its first hydrogen
California (Anaheim), as part of a State of California pro-
refuelling station in Rotterdam in September 2014. In
gramme designed to support the deployment and use of
Belgium, Air Liquide launched a first public station in
FCEV, with about 50 hydrogen stations planned in California
Zaventem, near Brussels, in April 2016, marking the first
by the end of 2017.
use of hydrogen as a clean energy in the country.
In Denmark, Air Liquide operates a network of five hydrogen
CARS
POWERED BY FUEL CELLS
ARE EXPECTED TO BE REGISTERED BY 2023
stations through the Copenhagen Hydrogen Network (CHN)
joint venture. These five stations – three in Copenhagen,
one in Aalborg and one in Vejle – joined two stations already
in service, located in Copenhagen and in Holstebro.
Hydrogen
Council
13 global industry leaders joined to position
hydrogen at the core of the climate transition:
Air Liquide, Alstom, Anglo American, BMW,
Daimler, ENGIE, Honda, Hyundai, Kawasaki,
Shell, Linde, Total and Toyota.
More information: www.hydrogencouncil.com
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13
AIR LIQUIDE H2 STATIONS
A WORLDWIDE PRESENCE
OFFENBACH, GERMANY
KAMEN, GERMANY
KOBE, JAPAN
DÜSSELDORF, GERMANY
PARIS, FRANCE
ZAVENTEM, BELGIUM
LIMBURG, GERMANY
ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
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Contact
AIR LIQUIDE Advanced Technologies GmbH
Hans-Günther-Sohl-Straße 5
D-40235 Düsseldorf, Germany
Phone: +49 211 6699-0
[email protected]
www.energies.airliquide.com
www.airliquide.com
The world leader in gases, technologies and services for Industry and Health, Air Liquide is present in
80 countries with approximately 68,000 employees and serves more than 3 million customers and patients.