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Final
Semester Review
Native American Literature
Turtle often associated with earth’s
foundation
People and animals work together to
maintain the balance in the natural world
Great tree is an easily recognizable
archetype
Native American Literature cont.
Genre of NA lit—legend, myth, origin story
Coyote was prominent figure in NA lit—his return
would signal the return of the Old Man
Worst thing to happen is people and nature fall
out of balance—need intervention from Old Man
Native American Literature cont.
Coyote’s shapeshifting represents the good
and the bad in the world.
Archetypes of Nez Perce vision of nature—
Earthmother, trickster Coyote, the Old Man,
People or spirits who return from the dead
Anne Bradstreet
Puritans believed everything came from God, and
we needed to follow God’s teachings given
through the Bible
Thankfulness to God was basis of many of Anne’s
poems
Life was a pilgrimage or journey to salvation
Themes of Puritan Literature
Humans could be in the presence of God
only through righteousness
God was wrathful because of the sins of
humans, and only through getting right with
God would they be saved.
Rationalism Literature—Give Me Liberty or
Give Me Death
 Used sensory details such as “Our chains are forged! Their clanking may be heard on the
plains of Boston!” (“Give Me Liberty, or Give Me Death!”—Patrick Henry)
 Purpose of “Give Me Liberty, or Give Me Death”—To persuade his audience to fight
against Great Britain for independence
Rationalism Literature—”We Now Demand
Our Right to Vote”
Used concrete examples such as “to uplift
woman’s fallen divinity upon an even
pedestal with man’s”
Used vivid verbs such as “protest,”
“chastise,” imprison,” and “uplift.”
Rationalism Literature—”Fourscore and
Seven Years Ago”
Used parallel structure such as “But, in a
larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we
cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow
this ground.”
Rationalism cont.— “I Will Fight No More
Forever”
In “I will Fight No More Forever,” Chief
Joseph repeats “dead,” “death,” “freezing
to death”
Chief Joseph surrenders because the war
has taken a toll, and he wants to save the
people who are left in his tribe
Rationalism cont.— “The Only Thing We
Have to Fear is Fear Itself”
Used personification in “…the only thing we have
to fear is fear itself—nameless, unreasoning,
unjustified terror which paralyzes needed efforts to
convert retreat into advanced.”
Purpose for “The Only Thing We Have to Fear is
Fear Itself” is to encourage the American people
during their crisis
Rationalism cont.— “The Luckiest Man on
the Face of the Earth”
Metaphor used in “The Luckiest Man on
the Face of the Earth, “--“When you
have a wife who has been a tower of
strength…”
Rationalism cont.– “Infested with
Communists”
In the speech “Infested with
Communists,” the words such as
“infested,” “spies,” “sinister,” and
“enemy,” are loaded words that have
negative connotations
Rationalism cont.--“Ask Not What Your
Country Can Do for You”
Personification used in “Ask Not What
Your Country Can Do for You,” JFK
states, “The energy, the faith, the
devotion which we bring to this
endeavor will light our country and all
who serve it—”
Rationalism cont.— “I Have a Dream”
Sensory details used in “I Have a Dream,” when
MLK, Jr. says, “a state sweltering with the heat of
injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression”
Alliteration used in King’s line, “I have a dream that
my four little children will one day live in a nation
where they will not be judged by the color of their
skin but by the content of their character.
Research Paper
Direct quotations require quotation marks around the
exact words pulled from the text. Need to recognize
where the quote came from within your paper
Paraphrasing is an important part of gathering
information from sources—be able to choose the best
paraphrase of a statement.
A thesis statement is a statement that the reader can
easily identify as the point of your paper
Research Paper cont.
Three point thesis statement such as, “The Emerald Coast
is an amazing vacation spot because it’s beautiful, it’s
peaceful, and the wildlife is everywhere.”
A claim sentence is a topic sentence which should begin
each body paragraph. It should do the following: be
connected to the thesis statement and keep the overall
focus of the argument.
Research Paper cont.—In-text Citations
In text citations should include
author’s last name and page
number
They are put inside parentheses with
a period after the parentheses
Research Paper cont.—Works Cited Page
Works Cited sources should be listed in
alphabetical order
Should be at the top of a new page
“Works Cited” should be centered at the top
of the page
Punctuation Marks
ACT format with a passage
Will need to look at underlined
portion and decide whether it is
correct or needs changes.