Chapter 4.1 Spanish Power
Define: Absolute Monarch, Divine Right, and armada.
A. Charles V and Hapsburg Empire
1. Wearing two crowns
a. Charles V inherited Spain and Hapsburg Empire.
b. Charles V endured many wars (religion)
c. Suleiman led the Ottoman Empire into Europe,
and was held in Austria and the Mediterranean.
2. An Empire Divided
a. Charles V joined the monastery in 1556.
b. Philip gained Spain, Netherlands, Southern Italy,
and Spain’s overseas rights.
c. Ferdinand (brother of Charles V) became the
Holy Roman Emperor (leave some room in
notebook)
B. Philip II and Divine Right
- Interested in Government (absolute
Monarch)
- Escorial – Retreat house (church, tombs)
- Divine Right – Power comes from God
C. The Wars of Philip II
1. Revolt in the Netherlands
a. Richest part of Philip II Kingdom.
b. Why is there a Revolt?
2. Invading England
a. Queen Elizabeth (England) was the main enemy.
b. She encouraged Sea Dogs to capture or destroy
Spanish Ships. (Francis Drake)
c. Spanish Armada – 130 ships, 20,000 men, and
2,400 artillery
d. Downfall of Spain.
Chapter 4.2 France under Louis XIV
A. Rebuilding France
- St. Bart’s Day- 8/24/1572, royal wedding erupted into a
massacre of 3,000 Huguenots.
- This led to a complete breakdown in order.
1. Henry VI
a. He converted from a Huguenot to a Catholic.
b. Restructure the government to help all people.
2. Richelieu
a. Henry VI was assassinated in 1610
b. Louis XIII inherit the throne at 9 years old
c. Cardinal Armand Richelieu became the chief
minister.
d. Richelieu destroyed all factions against the king.
e. Cardinal Jules Mazarin became the predecessor.
f. Edict of Nantes – Huguenots practice their
religion.
Louis XIV
1. Estate General didn’t meet from 1614 – 1789
2. Expanded the Bureaucracy.
3. Intendants are people that collects taxes for the king
4. Jean Colbert revamp their economy:
a. clear land for farming
b. luxury trade
c. tariffs
d. overseas colonies
5. Versaille hosted 10, 000 people in the palace
6. Levee was a morning ceremony that nobles competed to
dress the king.
Success and Failures:
1. Wars of Louis XIV
a. expanded French Territories
b. Balance of Power –
c. Unite with the Spanish crown, Treaty of Utrecht
2. Persecution of Huguenots
a. revoke the Edict of Nantes
b. 100,000 fled France.
Chapter 4.3 England
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
List the years that the Tudor Dynasty ruled England?
What was the Act of Supremacy?
Who came to power when Elizabeth died in 1603?
What did James I claimed that his power came from?
What chamber in Parliament became furious with James I?
Since Parliament didn’t raise taxes for James I, what did he
do to Parliament?
7. Who are dissenters?
8. What did Charles I act like?
9. Why did Charles I call Parliament and what did Parliament
make him sign?
10. What did Charles I ignore for eleven years?
4.4 Rise of Austria and Prussia
A. The Thirty Years’ War
- The states were under the Holy Roman Empire
- Emperor was chosen by seven leading German princes called
electors.
1. The War Begin
a. Ferdinand (Bohemia) suppressed the Protestants and to assert royal
power over the nobles.
b. Protestants reaction; threw two royal officials out of a castle
window.
c. Ferdinand was elected the Holy Roman Emperor and sought to roll
back the Reformation aligned with Spain, Poland, and other Catholic
states.
d. States realigned themselves on political interests.
2. A Brutal Conflict
a. Armies destroyed crops, and killed without mercy.
b. The destruction of the war led to a depopulation.
3. Peace of Last
a. Peace of Westphalia – ended the 30 years’ war.
b. France gained territory from Spain and German frontiers.
c. Hapsburg Empire divided into several various nations.
d. Holland and Switzerland became independent states.
B. Hapsburg Austria
1. Unity and Diversity
a. Monarch attempted to assert power over the various diverse
cultures which included Germans, Magyars, Slavs, and Poles.
b. The Hapsburgs also put down revolts in Bohemia and Hungary.
2. Maria Theresa
a. When Charles IV died, he only had a daughter but no women
had yet ruled.
b. 1740 – Frederick the Great from Prussia took Silesia.
c. Maria Theresa appealed to Hungary for help against Prussia.
d. War of the Austrian Succession – Maria wasn’t able to force
Frederick from Silesia but she did preserve her empire.
e. Maria reorganized the bureaucracy and improved tax
collection.
C. The Rise of Prussia
- Hohenzollern family united lands their land and reduced the
powers of the Junkers.
1. Frederick II
a. Frederick’s son was trained to become the next ruler.
b. Frederick II was forced to watch his friend’s death.
c. He endured harsh military training.
D. Balance of Power
1. Formed various alliances to maintain the balance of power.