=
=
=
=
=
qÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ìåé~áÇ=ïçêâ=áå=íÜÉ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇW=
~=ëíìÄÄçêå=é~ííÉêå\=
=
=
fåÖêáÇ=aççêíÉå=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
`çîÉê=mÜçíçÖê~éÜW= eçää~åÇëÉ=eççÖíÉ=
mêáåíÉÇW=
=
oáÇÇÉêéêáåíI=oáÇÇÉêâÉêâ=
=
=
=
«=fåÖêáÇ=aççêíÉåI=OMMU=
=
=
=
fp_kW==
=
=
=
=
qÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ìåé~áÇ=ïçêâ=áå=íÜÉ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇW=
~=ëíìÄÄçêå=é~ííÉêå\=
=
=
aÉ=îÉêÇÉäáåÖ=î~å=çåÄÉí~~äÇÉ=~êÄÉáÇ=áå=ÜÉí=ÜìáëÜçìÇÉåW=
ÉÉå=Ü~êÇåÉââáÖ=é~íêççå\=
=
EãÉí=ÉÉå=ë~ãÉåî~ííáåÖ=áå=ÜÉí=kÉÇÉêä~åÇëF=
=
=
=
=
=
=
mêçÉÑëÅÜêáÑí=
=
=
=
=
íÉê=îÉêâêáàÖáåÖ=î~å=ÇÉ=Öê~~Ç=î~å=ÇçÅíçê=
~~å=ÇÉ=råáîÉêëáíÉáí=ríêÉÅÜí=
çé=ÖÉò~Ö=î~å=ÇÉ=êÉÅíçê=ã~ÖåáÑáÅìëI=
éêçÑKÇêK=gK`K=píççÑI=
áåÖÉîçäÖÉ=ÜÉí=ÄÉëäìáí=î~å=ÜÉí=ÅçääÉÖÉ=îççê=éêçãçíáÉë=
áå=ÜÉí=çéÉåÄ~~ê=íÉ=îÉêÇÉÇáÖÉå=çé=
îêáàÇ~Ö=OR=à~åì~êá=OMMU=ÇÉë=çÅÜíÉåÇë=íÉ=NMKPM=ììê=
=
=
=
Çççê=
=
=
=
fåÖêáÇ=aççêíÉå=
=
ÖÉÄçêÉå=çé=OQ=åçîÉãÄÉê=NVSQ=íÉ=h~ãéÉå=
=
mêçãçíçêÉåW= mêçÑKÇêK=dK`KjK=håáàå=
=
=
mêçÑKÇêK=mK^K=aóâëíê~=
=
=
mêçÑKÇêK=pKjK=iáåÇÉåÄÉêÖ=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
sççê=ãáàå=çìÇÉêë=
=
=
=
j~åìëÅêáéíÅçããáëëáÉW=
aêK=bK=eççÖÜáÉãëíê~=
=
=
=
=
mêçÑKÇêK=^KbK=hçãíÉê=
=
=
=
=
mêçÑKÇêKáêK=^KdK=î~å=ÇÉê=iáééÉ=
=
=
=
=
mêçÑKÇêK=qK^K_K=påáàÇÉêë=
sççêïççêÇ=
=
=
aáí=éêçÉÑëÅÜêáÑí=áë=ÇÉ=çéíÉäëçã=î~å=îÉäÉ=ÖêçíÉ=Éå=âäÉáåÉ=ÄÉëäáëëáåÖÉåK=få=ÜÉí= åÉãÉå=
î~å= ÇÉòÉ= ÄÉëäáëëáåÖÉå= ÄÉå= áâ= áå= ÇÉ= ÉÉêëíÉ= éä~~íë= ÄáàÖÉëí~~å= Çççê= ÉÉå= ÄáàòçåÇÉêÉ=
ÄÉÖÉäÉáÇáåÖëÅçããáëëáÉK=wçåÇÉê=ãáàå=éêçãçíçêÉå=qêìÇáÉ=håáàåI=mÉ~êä=aóâëíê~=Éå=páÖá=
iáåÇÉåÄÉêÖ=ï~ë= Çáí= ÄçÉâ= Éê= åáÉí= ÖÉâçãÉåK= qêìÇáÉI= ÄÉÇ~åâí=îççê=ÇÉ=â~åë= ÇáÉ=àÉ= ãÉ=
Ö~Ñ= çã= Çáí= çåÇÉêòçÉâ= íÉ= ÇçÉåI= îççê= ÇÉ= ëíÉìå= çé= ÇÉ= ãçãÉåíÉå= Ç~í= áâ= ~~å= ãÉòÉäÑ=
íïáàÑÉäÇÉI= îççê= ÇÉ= ÄÉëéêÉâáåÖ= î~å= ãççáÉ= çåÇÉêòçÉâÉå= çé= ÜÉí= îä~â= î~å= ÇÉ= îÉêÇÉäáåÖ=
î~å= çåÄÉí~~äÇÉ=~êÄÉáÇ= íìëëÉå= ã~ååÉå= Éå= îêçìïÉå= Éå= îççê= àÉ= éê~âíáëÅÜÉ=âáàâ= çé= ÇÉ=
ÇáåÖÉåK= mÉ~êäI= ÄÉÇ~åâí= îççê= àÉ= ~äíáàÇ= ëÅÜÉêéÉ= ÅçããÉåí~~ê= çé= ÅçåÅÉéííÉâëíÉåI= îççê=
ÜÉí=êÉÖÉäã~íáÖ=íçÉëíìêÉå=î~å=îççê=ãáàå=çåÇÉêòçÉâ=áåíÉêÉëë~åíÉ=ëíìÇáÉë=Éå=îççê= ÜÉí=
ãÉÉÇÉåâÉå=ãÉí=ÜÉí=éêçàÉÅíK=páÖáI=ÄÉÇ~åâí=îççê=àÉ=ÉåíÜçìëá~ëãÉ=îççê=ÜÉí=çåÇÉêòçÉâI=
îççê=ÇÉ=áåëéáêÉêÉåÇÉ=ÖÉëéêÉââÉå=ÇáÉ=Ç~~êìáí=îççêíâï~ãÉåI=îççê=àÉ=ÄÉíêçââÉåÜÉáÇ=Éå=
îççê=àÉ=îÉêíêçìïÉå=áå=ÇÉ=ÖçÉÇÉ=~ÑäççéK=kçÖ=î~~â=Éå=ãÉí=éäÉòáÉê=ÇÉåâ=áâ=íÉêìÖ=~~å=ÇÉ=
ÄÉÖÉäÉáÇáåÖëÄáàÉÉåâçãëíÉå=Äáà=táÉåíàÉë=áå=wïçääÉK=
=
lçâ=ÄáàòçåÇÉê=ï~ë=ÜÉí=çã=ãÉÉ=íÉ=ãçÖÉå=ïÉêâÉå=~~å=ÇÉ=kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë=háåëÜáé=
m~åÉä= píìÇó= EkhmpFI= ÉÉå= ÖêççíëÅÜ~äáÖÉ= Ç~í~îÉêò~ãÉäáåÖ= çåÇÉê= ÇÉ= kÉÇÉêä~åÇëÉ=
ÄÉîçäâáåÖ= çîÉê= ÜÉí= íÜÉã~= Ñ~ãáäáÉëçäáÇ~êáíÉáíK= sÉÉä= î~å= ÇÉ= çåÇÉêëíÉìåÉåÇÉ=
ïÉêâò~~ãÜÉÇÉå= îçåÇÉå= éä~~íë= Äáà= ÜÉí= kfafK= a~~ê= ï~ë= ÜÉí= åáÉí= ~ääÉÉå= Ü~êÇ= ïÉêâÉåI=
ã~~ê= îççê~ä= ççâ= ÜÉÉä= ÖÉòÉääáÖK= aÉ= çãî~åÖêáàâÉ= Ç~í~îÉêò~ãÉäáåÖ= ï~ë= çé= òáÅÜ= ~ä=
ÄáàòçåÇÉêI=ã~~ê=ãÉÉê=åçÖ=ÄççÇ=ÇÉ=khmp=ÉÉå=ëíáãìäÉêÉåÇÉ=çãÖÉîáåÖ=îççê=ÜÉí=ÇÉäÉå=
î~å=âÉååáë=çé=ÜÉí=îä~â=î~å=Ñ~ãáäáÉëçÅáçäçÖáÉK==
dê~~Ö=ïáä=áâ= ÇÉ=ÅçääÉÖ~Ûë=Äáà=ÇÉ=î~âÖêçÉé=ëçÅáçäçÖáÉ=Éå= ÇÉ=äÉÉêëíçÉäÖêçÉé=î~å=
qêìÇáÉ= ÄÉÇ~åâÉå= îççê= ÇÉ= âêáíáëÅÜÉ= ÇáëÅìëëáÉë= Éå= ÖÉòÉääáÖÉ= áåíÉêãÉòòçÛëK= péÉÅá~äÉ=
Ç~åâ= Ö~~í= ìáí= å~~ê= j~êáÉääÉ= _ÉÇ~ìñ= îççê= ÇÉ= ëíÉìå= çé= ãçÉáäáàâÉ= ãçãÉåíÉåK=
gçë=aÉëëÉåëI= sáåÅÉåí=_ìëâÉåë= Éå= oìÄÉå=î~å=d~~äÉå= Ç~åâ= áâ= îççê= ÇÉ= ãÉíÜçJ
ÇçäçÖáëÅÜÉ=íáéëK=
=
dÉÇìêÉåÇÉ= êìáã= òÉë= à~~ê= ÇÉÉäÇÉ= áâ= îÉÉä= äÉÉêò~ãÉ= Éå= çåÇÉêÜçìÇÉåÇÉ=
ãçãÉåíÉå= ãÉí= khmpJ= Éå= f`pJ~áçÛëK=fâ= Üççé= Ç~í= ïÉ= Éäâ~~ê= ÄäáàîÉå= íÉÖÉåâçãÉåK= aÉ=
ãÉÉëíÉ= ~áçJíáàÇ= Äê~ÅÜí= áâ= Çççê= ãÉí= `~êçäáÉå= ï~~êãÉÉ= áâ= ÉÉå= îÉêÇáÉéáåÖ= ÇÉÉäÇÉ= Éå=
ãÉí=píÉÑÑá=~äë=â~ãÉêÖÉåçíÉ=Äáà=ÇÉ=ìåáîÉêëáíÉáíK=`~êçäáÉå=Éå=píÉÑÑáI=ïÉ=ÜÉÄÄÉå=îÉÉä=äáÉÑ=
Éå= äÉÉÇ= ÖÉÇÉÉäÇ= Éå= áâ= ÄÉå= çåíòÉííÉåÇ= Ääáà= Ç~í= àìääáÉ= ãáàå= é~ê~åáãÑÉå= òáàåK= lçâ= àìääáÉ=
ï~êãÉ= ÄÉä~åÖëíÉääáåÖ= áå= ÇÉ= ä~~íëíÉ= ã~~åÇÉå= î~å= ÇÉ= ~ÑêçåÇáåÖ= î~å= ÜÉí= éêçÉÑëÅÜêáÑí=
ÜÉÉÑí=ãÉ=Éåçêã=ÖçÉÇ=ÖÉÇ~~åK=
=
fåãáÇÇÉäë= ïÉêâ= áâ= Äáà= ÇÉ= o~~Ç= îççê= ÇÉ= sçäâëÖÉòçåÇÜÉáÇ= Éå= wçêÖK= eÉí= áë=
ÄçÉáÉåÇ= ïÉíÉåëÅÜ~é= íÉ= îÉêÄáåÇÉå= ãÉí= ÄÉäÉáÇ= Éå= ÄÉòáÖ= íÉ= òáàå= ãÉí= ìáíÉÉåäçéÉåÇÉ=
íÜÉã~Ûë= çé= ÜÉí= îä~â= î~å= ÖÉòçåÇÜÉáÇ= Éå= òçêÖ= Éå= áå= ÜÉí= îÉêäÉåÖÇÉ= î~å= ÇÉ=
Ñ~ãáäáÉëçÅáçäçÖáÉK=aÉ=ÅçääÉÖ~Ûë=î~å=ÇÉ=osw=ïáä=áâ=ÄÉÇ~åâÉå=îççê=ÇÉ=ÑáàåÉ=ïÉêâëÑÉÉêK=
få= ÜÉí= ÄáàòçåÇÉê= Ö~~í= ãáàå= Ç~åâ= ìáí= å~~ê= ^äáÉëX= ÇÉ= ë~ãÉåïÉêâáåÖ= ãÉí= àçì= áë= ÉêÖ=
áåëéáêÉêÉåÇ=Éå=ÖÉÉÑí=ãÉ=ÉåÉêÖáÉK==
=
aÉ= ëíÉìå= Éå= ÜÉí= êÉä~íáîÉêáåÖëîÉêãçÖÉå= î~å= îêáÉåÇÉå= Éå= Ñ~ãáäáÉ= ï~êÉå= î~å=
çåëÅÜ~íÄ~êÉ=ï~~êÇÉ=ÖÉÇìêÉåÇÉ=ÜÉí=éêçàÉÅíK=eΩëÉóáåI=ÄÉÇ~åâí=îççê=àÉ=ÖçÉÇÉ=òçêÖÉå=
Éå= ÇÉ= äÉìâÉ= ÖÉëéêÉââÉåK= fêÉÉåI= `~êçäáÉåI= fåÖêáÇI= `~êäáÉå= Éå= pçåà~= ÄÉÇ~åâí= îççê= ÇÉ=
ÖÉòÉääáÖÉ=ÉíÉåíàÉë=Éå=ìáíàÉëK==
=
iáÉîÉ=é~=Éå=ã~I=~äíáàÇ=ëíçåÇÉå=àìääáÉ=âä~~ê=Ó=ÄáàîççêÄÉÉäÇ=ï~ååÉÉê=áâ=ïÉÉê=ÉÉåë=
ÖáåÖ= îÉêÜìáòÉå= Ó= Éå= åççáí= ï~ë= àìääáÉ= áÉíë= íÉîÉÉäK= bå= ÇÉ=ÄÉëíÉ= éä~~íë= çã= íÉ= ëÅÜêáàîÉå=
ï~ë=ëíÉÉÇë=Äáà=àìääáÉ=íÜìáëK=p~ãÉå=ãÉí=eÉåâI=jçåáèìÉ=Éå=j~êÅÉäI=qÜçã~ëI=^åå~=Éå=
bääÉå=ÜÉêáååÉêÉå=àìääáÉ=ãáà=Éê=ççâ=~~å=Ç~í=Éê=åçÖ=ãÉÉê=áë=Ç~å=ïÉêâÉåK=
`çåíÉåíë=
=
=
N=
NKN=
NKO=
NKP=
NKQ=
=
=
O=
OKN=
OKO=
=
=
=
OKP=
=
=
=
OKQ=
=
=
=
OKR=
=
=
P
=
PKN
PKO
PKP
PKQ
PKR
PKS
PKT
PKU
=
fåíêçÇìÅíáçå=
qÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=é~áÇ=~åÇ=ìåé~áÇ=ïçêâ=áå=íÜÉ=kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë=
NKNKN=qÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=é~áÇ=ïçêâ=
NKNKO=qÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ìåé~áÇ=ïçêâ=
NKNKP=qÜÉ=ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅó=ÄÉíïÉÉå=áÇÉ~ë=~åÇ=Ç~áäó=êÉ~äáíó=
_ÉóçåÇ=íÜÉ=Åçããçå=Éñéä~å~íáçåë=
^=ëçÅá~ä=ê~íáçå~äáíó=~ééêç~ÅÜ=íç=íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=
qÜáë=ëíìÇó=
NKQKN=qÜÉ=kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë=háåëÜáé=m~åÉä=píìÇó=EkhmpF=
NKQKO=lîÉêîáÉï=çÑ=íÜÉ=Äççâ=
NP=
NP=
NP=
NS=
NT=
NV=
OM=
OO=
OO=
OP=
aáëÅêÉé~åÅáÉë=áå=ïçãÉåÛë=~åÇ=ãÉåÛë=êÉéçêíë=çå=íÜÉ==
Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=
fåíêçÇìÅíáçå=
eóéçíÜÉëÉë=
OKOKN=qóéÉ=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=í~ëâ=
OKOKO=oÉä~íáçåëÜáé=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅë=
OKOKP=aáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë=ÄÉíïÉÉå=é~êíåÉêë=
jÉíÜçÇ=
OKPKN=a~í~=
OKPKO=jÉ~ëìêÉë=
OKPKP=^å~äóëÉë=
oÉëìäíë=
OKQKN=qóéÉ=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=í~ëâ=
OKQKO=oÉä~íáçåëÜáé=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅë=
OKQKP=aáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë=ÄÉíïÉÉå=é~êíåÉêë=
`çåÅäìëáçå=~åÇ=ÇáëÅìëëáçå=
OT=
OT=
PM=
PM=
PM=
PO=
PP=
PP=
PQ=
PS=
PT=
PT=
QM=
QP=
QP=
aÉéÉåÇÉåÅó=ïáíÜáå=ÅçìéäÉë=ïáíÜ=ÅÜáäÇêÉå=äáîáåÖ=~í=ÜçãÉW==
Åçãé~êáåÖ=éçêí~ÄäÉ=~åÇ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ=áåîÉëíãÉåíë=
fåíêçÇìÅíáçå=
eçï=Å~å=ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅó=ïáíÜáå=~=ÅçìéäÉ=ÄÉëí=ÄÉ=ÇÉëÅêáÄÉÇ\=
^=íÜÉçêó=çÑ=ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅÉ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåí=áå=ÅçìéäÉë=
c~Åíçêë=íÜ~í=~ÑÑÉÅí=ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅó=ïáíÜáå=íÜÉ=ÅçìéäÉ=
j~êáí~ä=Ü~ééáåÉëë=
a~í~=~åÇ=ãÉíÜçÇë=
oÉëìäíë=
`çåÅäìëáçå=~åÇ=ÇáëÅìëëáçå=
QT=
QT=
QV=
RN=
RQ=
RR=
RS=
SM=
SU=
Q=
bèì~äáíó=áå=íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâW=~=êÉJÉî~äì~íáçå=çÑ=Éñéä~å~íáçåë= TP=
QKN= fåíêçÇìÅíáçå=
TP=
QKO= eóéçíÜÉëÉë=
TR=
=
QKOKN=q~ëâJëéÉÅáÑáÅ=åçêãëI=ÇçáåÖ=ÖÉåÇÉêI=~åÇ=ëçÅá~ä=ê~íáçå~äáíó=
TR=
=
QKOKO=^ìíçåçãó=çêáÉåí~íáçåI=äÉ~êåáåÖJÑêçãJÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉI=~åÇ=çìíëçìêÅáåÖ=
TS=
QKP= a~í~=~åÇ=ãÉíÜçÇë=
UM=
QKQ= oÉëìäíë=
UP=
QKR= `çåÅäìëáçå=~åÇ=ÇáëÅìëëáçå=
UT=
=
=
R=
j~êáí~ä=Ü~ééáåÉëë=~åÇ=ÖÉåÇÉê=áåÉèì~äáíó=çîÉê=íÜÉ=Ñ~ãáäó=äáÑÉ=ÅçìêëÉ== VP=
RKN= fåíêçÇìÅíáçå=
VP=
RKO= eóéçíÜÉëÉë=
VR=
RKP= a~í~=~åÇ=ãÉíÜçÇë=
VV=
RKQ= oÉëìäíë=
NMP=
RKR= `çåÅäìëáçå=~åÇ=ÇáëÅìëëáçå=
NMU=
=
=
S=
`çåÅäìëáçå=~åÇ=ÇáëÅìëëáçå=
NNP=
SKN= fåíêçÇìÅíáçå=
NNP=
SKO= pìãã~êó=çÑ=ÑáåÇáåÖë=
NNQ=
SKP= aáëÅìëëáçå=
NON=
=
SKPKN=qÜÉçêÉíáÅ~ä=áãéäáÅ~íáçåë=
NON=
=
SKPKO=pçÅá~ä=áãéäáÅ~íáçåë=
NOO=
=
SKPKP=iáãáí~íáçåë=~åÇ=ëìÖÖÉëíáçåë=Ñçê=ÑìíìêÉ=êÉëÉ~êÅÜ=
NOP=
=
=
p~ãÉåî~ííáåÖ=Epìãã~êó=áå=aìíÅÜF=
NOT=
=
oÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë=
NPV=
=
`ìêêáÅìäìã=îáí~É=
NQV=
=
f`p=ÇáëëÉêí~íáçå=ëÉêáÉë=
NRN=
=
=
=
=
`Ü~éíÉê=N=
=
=
=
fåíêçÇìÅíáçå=
=
`Ü~éíÉê=N=
=
=
=
fåíêçÇìÅíáçå=
=
=
NKN=qÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=é~áÇ=~åÇ=ìåé~áÇ=ïçêâ=áå=íÜÉ=kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë=
=
NKNKN=qÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=é~áÇ=ïçêâ=
c~ãáäó= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéë= ~êÉ= ÄçìåÇ= ìé= ïáíÜ= ëçÅá~ä= áåÉèì~äáíóI= çåÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= ã~áå= ëçÅá~ä=
éêçÄäÉãë= ëíìÇáÉÇ= Äó= ëçÅáçäçÖáëíëK= IoÉëçìêÅÉë= ~êÉ= áåáíá~ääó= ÇáîáÇÉÇ= ìé= ~ãçåÖëí=
ÜçìëÉÜçäÇë= Äìí= íÜÉó= ~êÉ= ëìÄëÉèìÉåíäó= ÇáîáÇÉÇ= ìé= ~ãçåÖëí= áåÇáîáÇì~äë= ïáíÜáå=
ÜçìëÉÜçäÇë= ~åÇ= åìÅäÉ~ê= Ñ~ãáäáÉëÒ= Eaóâëíê~= ~åÇ= hçãíÉêI= OMMSI= éK= NNFK= pçãÉ= åìÅäÉ~ê=
Ñ~ãáäó=ãÉãÄÉêë=~êÉ=ÄêÉ~ÇïáååÉêë=~åÇ=çíÜÉêë=~êÉ=ÉÅçåçãáÅ~ääó=ÇÉéÉåÇÉåí=E_äçëëÑÉäÇ=
~åÇ=aêçÄåáÅI=OMMNFK==
qÜáë= Äççâ= ïáää= ÄÉ= ~Äçìí= íÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ìåé~áÇ= ïçêâ= ÄÉíïÉÉå= ÜìëÄ~åÇ= ~åÇ=
ïáÑÉK= fåÉèì~äáíó= ÄÉíïÉÉå= ãÉå= ~åÇ= ïçãÉå= áå= íÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= é~áÇ= ïçêâ= ~åÇ= ìåé~áÇ=
ÜçìëÉïçêâ=Ü~ë=Ñ~ëÅáå~íÉÇ=ã~åó=ëÅÜçä~êë=ëáåÅÉ=íÜÉ=ëáñíáÉë=çÑ=íÜÉ=íïÉåíáÉíÜ=ÅÉåíìêóK=
j~åó= Ü~îÉ= ïçåÇÉêÉÇ= ïÜó= íÜÉ= Éã~åÅáé~íáçå= çÑ= ïçãÉå= çå= íÜÉ= ä~Äçê= ã~êâÉí= Ó=
íê~Çáíáçå~ääó= ~= ã~äÉ= ëéÜÉêÉ= Ó= ÇáÇ= åçí= äÉ~Ç= íç= ÅÜ~åÖÉë= áå= íÜÉ= ëéÜÉêÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= ÜçãÉK=
aÉëéáíÉ= ïçãÉåÛë= Éèì~ä= çééçêíìåáíáÉë= çå= íÜÉ= ä~Äçê= ã~êâÉíI= ~åÇ= êÉÖ~êÇäÉëë= çÑ= íÜÉáê=
åìãÄÉê= çÑ= ïçêâáåÖ= ÜçìêëI= ïçãÉå= ëíáää= Çç= íÜÉ= ã~àçêáíó= çÑ= Å~êÉ= ~åÇ= ÜçìëÉâÉÉéáåÖ=
ïçêâ= ~í= íÜÉ= ÄÉÖáååáåÖ= çÑ= íÜÉ= íïÉåíóJÑáêëí= ÅÉåíìêó= E`çäíê~åÉI= OMMMX= _äçëëÑÉäÇ= ~åÇ=
aêçÄåáÅI=OMMNX=p`mI=OMMOLOMMQLOMMSX=håáàå=~åÇ=s~å=tÉäI=OMMSFK==
qÜÉ= ï~ó= éÉçéäÉ= ëÜ~éÉÇ= íÜÉáê= é~êíåÉê= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéë= ~åÇ= Ñ~ãáäó= äáÑÉ= áå= íÜÉ=
íïÉåíáÉíÜ=ÅÉåíìêó=áë=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáòÉÇ=Äó=íïç=éÜ~ëÉë=EiáÉÑÄêçÉê=~åÇ=aóâëíê~I=OMMNFW=çåÉ=
çÑ=áåÅêÉ~ëáåÖ= ëí~åÇ~êÇáò~íáçå=ENVMMJNVSMF=~åÇ=çåÉ=çÑ= ÇÉJëí~åÇ~êÇáò~íáçå=ENVSMJOMMMFK=
qÜÉ= íê~Çáíáçå~ä= ÄêÉ~ÇïáååÉê= Ñ~ãáäó= Ó= ïáíÜ= ïçãÉå= ÇÉéÉåÇÉåí= çå= íÜÉáê= ãÉå= Ñçê=
ÉÅçåçãáÅ= êÉëçìêÅÉë= Ó= êÉ~ÅÜÉÇ= áíë= ÜÉáÖÜí= áå= íÜÉ= ÑáÑíáÉë= ~åÇ= É~êäó= ëáñíáÉëK= ^äíÜçìÖÜ=
çÑÑáÅá~ä=ÑáÖìêÉë=ëÜçï=ã~êÖáå~ä=éÉêÅÉåí~ÖÉë=ïçêâáåÖ=ïçãÉå=áå=íÜÉ=kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë=áå=íÜÉ=
Ñáêëí= ÇÉÅ~ÇÉë= çÑ= íÜÉ= íïÉåíáÉíÜ= ÅÉåíìêó= Ó= OKPB= áå= NUVVI= OKOB= áå= NVPMI= ~åÇ= QKNB= áå=
NVSM= E_äçâI= NVURI= éK= SNF= ÓI= ïçãÉå= ~ÅÅçãéäáëÜÉÇ= ãìÅÜ= IÜáÇÇÉåÒ= ïçêâI= ÉKÖK= ïçêâ=
íÜ~í= ï~ë= åçí= áåÅäìÇÉÇ= áå= íÜÉ= ëí~íáëíáÅëI= ëìÅÜ= ~ë= ëã~ää= íê~ÇáåÖI= ï~ëÜáåÖ= ~åÇ= áêçåáåÖI=
ÅäÉ~åáåÖI= ~åÇ= çíÜÉê= Ç~ó= ä~Äçê= EiÉóÇÉëÇçêÑÑI= NVTTI= jçê¨É= ~åÇ= pÅÜïÉÖã~åI= NVUNFK=
qÜÉëÉ= ïÉêÉ= ãÉêÉäó= äçïÉê= Åä~ëë= ïçãÉåI= Ñçê= ïÜçã= áí= ï~ë= åÉÅÉëë~êó= íç= ïçêâW= íÜÉáê=
Ñ~ãáäáÉë= ÅçìäÇ= åçí= ãáëë= íÜÉ= áåÅçãÉK= jáÇÇäÉ= Åä~ëë= ïçãÉå= ÅçìäÇ= ~ÑÑçêÇ= íç= ëí~ó= ~í=
ÜçãÉI= ïÜáÅÜ= ï~ë= ~äëç= íÜÉ= åçêã= áå= íÜçëÉ= Ç~óëK= qÜÉ= ÅçåÑÉëëáçå~ä= ÖçîÉêåãÉåí=
NP=
~Çãáåáëíê~íáçåë= áå= íÜÉ= kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë= ïÉêÉ= ëíêçåÖäó= ~Ö~áåëí= ã~êêáÉÇ= ïçãÉå= ïçêâáåÖ=
çìíëáÇÉ= íÜÉ= ÜçãÉK= _ìí= ~ë= ïÉ= ë~áÇI= áí= ï~ë= ~äëç= íÜÉ= ÖÉåÉê~ä= éìÄäáÅ= çéáåáçåI= ~åÇ= áí=
ÅçåíêáÄìíÉÇ= íç= íÜÉ= áåîáëáÄáäáíó= çÑ= ïçêâ= ÇçåÉ= Äó= ã~êêáÉÇ= ïçãÉåK= låÖçáåÖ=
áåÇìëíêá~äáò~íáçå=äÉÇ= íç= ãçêÉ= ïÉäÑ~êÉ= ~åÇ= ãçêÉ=~åÇ=ãçêÉ= äçïÉê= Åä~ëë=ÅçìéäÉë=ÅçìäÇ=
~äëç= ~ÑÑçêÇ= íç= ëéÉÅá~äáòÉ= áå= ~= ã~äÉ= EÄêÉ~ÇïáååáåÖF= êçäÉ= ~åÇ= ~= ÑÉã~äÉ= EÅ~êáåÖF= êçäÉ= áå=
ã~êêá~ÖÉ=EaÉ=oÉÖíI=NVVPX=iÉóÇÉëÇçêÑI=NVTTFI=~äíÜçìÖÜ=íÜÉ=ëéêÉ~Ç=çÑ=~=ãçêÉ=ãáÇÇäÉ=
Åä~ëë=Ñ~ãáäó=äáÑÉ=~åÇ=íÜÉ=Ç~ïå= çÑ=íÜÉ=IãçÇÉêå=Ñ~ãáäóÒI=~í=äÉ~ëí=ìåíáä=NVQMI=ï~ë=ëíáää=
äáãáíÉÇ=EaÉ=oÉÖíI=NVVPI=éK=OORFK=qÜÉ=áåíêçÇìÅíáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÄêÉ~ÇïáååÉê=ï~ÖÉ=~ÑíÉê=íÜÉ=
pÉÅçåÇ=tçêäÇ=t~ê=ÑìêíÜÉê=ÅçåíêáÄìíÉÇ=íç=íÜÉ=íêÉåÇ=íÜ~í=ÅçìéäÉë=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=äçïÉê=Åä~ëë=
ÅçìäÇ=IÅçéóÒ=íÜÉ=ãáÇÇäÉ=Åä~ëë=äáÑÉëíóäÉ=Et~êêÉåI=OMMMFK==
=
cêçã=íÜÉ=ëáñíáÉë= çåï~êÇë=ïÉ=ëÉÉ=~= íêÉåÇ=çÑ= ÇÉJëí~åÇ~êÇáò~íáçå=çÑ= Ñ~ãáäó=äáÑÉK=
qÜÉ=Úíê~Çáíáçå~äÛ=ÄêÉ~ÇïáååÉê=Ñ~ãáäó=äçëÉë=ëÅçéÉ=~ë=ãçêÉ=~åÇ=ãçêÉ=ïçãÉå=ÉåíÉê=íÜÉ=
ä~Äçê= ã~êâÉíK= fí= áë= ~å= çåÖçáåÖ= éêçÅÉëë= çÑ= Éã~åÅáé~íáçå= ~åÇ= áåÇáîáÇì~äáò~íáçå= íÜ~í=
~ÅÅçìåíë= Ñçê= íÜÉ= ÅÜ~åÖÉë= áå= Ñ~ãáäó= äáÑÉ= EiáÉÑÄêçÉê= ~åÇ= aóâëíê~I= OMMNX= ëÉÉ= ~äëç=
_äìãëíÉáå= ~åÇ= pÅÜï~êíòI= NVUPX= dáÇÇÉåëI= NVVOX= _ÉÅâ= ~åÇ= _ÉÅâJdÉêåëÜÉáãI= NVVRX=
iÉïáëI= OMMNX= g~åëÉåI= OMMOX= o~äÉóI= j~ííáåÖäóI= ~åÇ= _á~åÅÜáI= OMMSX= aóâëíê~I= h~äãáàåI=
håáàåI= hçãíÉêI= iáÉÑÄêçÉêI= ~åÇ= jìäÇÉêI= OMMSFK= qÜÉêÉ= áë= ãçêÉ= ÉãéÜ~ëáë= çå= áåÇáîáÇì~ä=
ÑêÉÉÇçã= ~åÇ= ~ìíçåçãóI= éÉêëçå~ä= ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíI= ~åÇ= Éèì~äáíó= ÄÉíïÉÉå= é~êíåÉêë=
EëçÅáçJÅìäíìê~ä=ÅçãéçåÉåíF=~åÇ=éÉçéäÉ=ã~êêó=äÉëë=~åÇ=ä~íÉêI=ÄÉÅçãÉ=é~êÉåíë=ä~íÉê=áå=
äáÑÉ= ~åÇ= ã~êêá~ÖÉë= ÉåÇ= ãçêÉ= çÑíÉå= áå= ÇáîçêÅÉ= EëçÅáçJÇÉãçÖê~éÜáÅ= ÅçãéçåÉåíFK=
kÉîÉêíÜÉäÉëëI=ÅÜ~åÖÉë=áå=Ñ~ãáäó=ÄÉÜ~îáçê=ëÜçìäÇ=åçí=ÄÉ=Éñ~ÖÖÉê~íÉÇ=EiÉïáëI=OMMNFK=
cçê=Éñ~ãéäÉI=ïçãÉå=~êÉ=ãìÅÜ=ãçêÉ=~ÅíáîÉ=áå=íÜÉ=ä~Äçê=ã~êâÉí=åçï~Ç~óëI=Äìí=íÜáë=
ÇçÉë= åçí= ãÉ~å= íÜ~í= íÜÉó= ÖÉåÉê~ääó= É~êå= ÉåçìÖÜ= íç= ÄÉ= ÉÅçåçãáÅ~ääó= áåÇÉéÉåÇÉåí=
áåÇáîáÇì~äëK= iÉïáë= EOMMNF= ~êÖìÉë= íÜ~í= çåäó= íç= ëçãÉ= ÉñíÉåí= áë= áåÇáîáÇì~äáò~íáçå=
áåÉîáí~ÄäÉX=áí=áë=íÜÉ=ÚçìÖÜíÛ=áå=êÉÖ~êÇ=íç=íÜÉ= ÄÉÜ~îáçê=çÑ=ãÉå=~åÇ= ïçãÉå=áå=Ñ~ãáäáÉë=
íÜ~í=áë=ÅçåëáÇÉê~Ääó=äÉëë=ëéÉÅáÑáÉÇ=íÜ~å=áí=ï~ë=~=ÖÉåÉê~íáçå=~ÖçK=qÜáë=äÉ~îÉë=êççã=Ñçê=
éÉçéäÉ=íç=Ü~îÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=ï~óë=çÑ=ëÜ~éáåÖ=íÜÉáê=Ñ~ãáäó=äáÑÉK==
^äíÜçìÖÜ=íÜÉ=äáîÉë=çÑ=ïçãÉå=Ü~îÉ=ÅÜ~åÖÉÇ=Çê~ã~íáÅ~ääó=çîÉê=íÜÉ=ä~ëí=ëÉîÉê~ä=
ÇÉÅ~ÇÉëI= íÜÉ= äáîÉë= çÑ= ãÉå= Ü~îÉ= ÅÜ~åÖÉÇ= êÉä~íáîÉäó= äáííäÉK= eçÅÜëÅÜáäÇ= ENVUVF= Ü~ë=
ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáòÉÇ= íÜáë= ÇáëàìåÅíìêÉ= ÄÉíïÉÉå= íÜÉ= Éåçêãçìë= ÅÜ~åÖÉë= áå= ïçãÉåÛë=
êÉëéçåëáÄáäáíáÉë= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= Åçãé~ê~íáîÉäó= ëã~ää= ÅÜ~åÖÉë= áå= ãÉåÛë= ~ë= ~= Iëí~ääÉÇ=
êÉîçäìíáçåÒK=^ÅÅçêÇáåÖ=íç=qáÅÜÉåçê=EOMMRF=íÜáë=êÉîçäìíáçå=áë=ëíáää=ëí~ääÉÇW=ÜÉê=ëíìÇó=çå=
ïçãÉå=ïÜç=É~êå=ãçêÉ=íÜ~å=íÜÉáê=ã~äÉ=é~êíåÉêë=Å~ääë=áåíç=èìÉëíáçå=íÜÉ=~ëëìãéíáçå=
íÜ~í= êÉä~íáçåë= ÄÉíïÉÉå= ãÉå= ~åÇ= ïçãÉå= ~êÉ= éêçÖêÉëëáåÖ= ëíÉ~Çáäó= ~åÇ= áåÉîáí~Ääó=
íçï~êÇ= Éèì~äáíóK= ItçãÉå= ãçîÉÇ= áåíç= ÜáÖÜÉê= ÉÇìÅ~íáçå= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= ïçêäÇ= çÑ= é~áÇ=
ÉãéäçóãÉåíI= ~í= äÉ~ëí= áå= é~êíI= íç= Éå~ÄäÉ= íÜÉã= íç= ëí~åÇ= çå= ãçêÉ= Éèì~ä= ÑççíáåÖ= ïáíÜ=
ãÉåK=qÜçìÖÜ=ã~åó=ïçãÉå=~êÉ=åçï=Å~é~ÄäÉ=çÑ=Åçãã~åÇáåÖ=ÜáÖÜ=ë~ä~êáÉë=~åÇ=Ü~îÉ=
ÉåíÉêÉÇ= ã~äÉJÇçãáå~íÉÇ= çÅÅìé~íáçåëI= íÜÉëÉ= êÉëçìêÅÉë= Ü~îÉ= ÇçåÉ= äáííäÉ= íç= áãéêçîÉ=
NQ=
ïçãÉåÛë=éçïÉê=áå=íÜÉáê=ãçëí=áåíáã~íÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéëK=táîÉë=~êÉ=ìå~ÄäÉ=íç=íê~ÇÉ=íÜÉáê=
áåÅçãÉë= Ñçê= ~= éêçéçêíáçå~íÉ= êÉÇìÅíáçå= áå= ÇçãÉëíáÅ= ä~Äçê= çê= ÖêÉ~íÉê= Åçåíêçä= ïáíÜáå=
íÜÉáê=ã~êêá~ÖÉëKÒ=EqáÅÜÉåçêI=OMMRI=éK=NUUF=
få= íÜÉ= kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë= íÜÉ= ä~Äçê= ÑçêÅÉ= é~êíáÅáé~íáçå= ê~íÉ= Ñçê= ïçãÉå= êçëÉ= ìåíáä=
OMMOK=få=NVUT=PRB=çÑ=~ää=ïçãÉå=~ÖÉÇ=NRJSQ=Ü~Ç=~=àçÄ=çÑ=NO=Üçìêë=~=ïÉÉâ=çê=ãçêÉI=
áå= OMMO= íÜáë= éÉêÅÉåí~ÖÉ= Ü~Ç= áåÅêÉ~ëÉÇ= íç= RQ= ~åÇ= íÜÉå= êÉã~áåÉÇ= Åçåëí~åí= Ep`mI=
OMMSFK= qÜÉ= í~êÖÉí= çÑ= íÜÉ= aìíÅÜ= ÖçîÉêåãÉåí= áë= ëÉí= çå= SRB= çÑ= ïçêâáåÖ= ïçãÉå= áå=
OMNMK= fåÅêÉ~ëáåÖ= íÜÉ= ëÜ~êÉ= í~âÉå= Äó= ãÉå= áå= Å~êêóáåÖ= çìí= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= í~ëâë= áë=
åçï~Ç~óë=~=âÉó=çÄàÉÅíáîÉ=çÑ=Éã~åÅáé~íáçå=éçäáÅóK=qÜÉ=~êÖìãÉåí=ÜÉêÉ=áë=íÜ~í=áÑ=ãÉå=
ëéÉåÇ=ãçêÉ=íáãÉ=çå=ÇçãÉëíáÅ=í~ëâëI=ãçêÉ=ïçãÉå=ïçìäÇ=àçáå=íÜÉ=ä~Äçê=ã~êâÉí=Eqh=
OMMRLOMMSFK= qÜÉ= ã~áå= çÄàÉÅíáîÉ= íÜìë= áë= ~Åíì~ääó= íç= áåÅêÉ~ëÉ= íÜÉ= ä~Äçê= ÑçêÅÉ=
é~êíáÅáé~íáçå=çÑ=ïçãÉåK==
qÜÉ= ä~Äçê= ÑçêÅÉ= é~êíáÅáé~íáçå= çÑ= aìíÅÜ= ïçãÉå= ÜçïÉîÉê= ÇáÑÑÉêë= ÅçåëáÇÉê~Ääó=
Ñêçã=íÜ~í=çÑI=ë~óI=Ñçê=áåëí~åÅÉ=rp=ïçãÉå=çê=ïçãÉå=áå=çíÜÉê=bìêçéÉ~å=ÅçìåíêáÉëK=få=
íÜÉ= kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë= íÜÉ= éÉêÅÉåí~ÖÉ= çÑ= ïçêâáåÖ= ïçãÉå= ïÜç= ïçêâ= é~êí= íáãÉ= áë= SN=
ïÜÉêÉ~ë=áå=íÜÉ=rp=íÜáë=éÉêÅÉåí~ÖÉ=áë=NU=EëÉÉ=q~ÄäÉ=NKNW=lb`a=bãéäçóãÉåí=lìíäççâ=
OMMSFK= få= ÇìÉ= íáãÉ= ~= ÚãçÇÉê~íÉ= ÄêÉ~ÇïáååÉê= ãçÇÉäÛ= Ü~ë= ÄÉÉå= Éëí~ÄäáëÜÉÇ= áå= íÜÉ=
kÉíÜÉêä~åÇëI= áå= ïÜáÅÜ= íÜÉ= ã~å= ïçêâë= Ñìää= íáãÉ= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= ïçãÉå= ÅçãÄáåÉë= íÜÉ= Å~êÉ=
Ñçê= ÅÜáäÇêÉå= ~åÇ= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= ïáíÜ= ~= Eëã~ää= çê= ä~êÖÉF= é~êí= íáãÉ= àçÄ= EeççÖÜáÉãëíê~= ~åÇ=
hÉìòÉåâ~ãéI=OMMMX=håáàå=~åÇ=s~å=tÉäI=OMMNFK=
=
q~ÄäÉ=NKN=
mÉêÅÉåí~ÖÉ=çÑ=ïçêâáåÖ=ïçãÉå=EÄÉíïÉÉå=~ÖÉ=NRJSQF=íÜ~í=ïçêâ=é~êí=íáãÉ==
áå=~=ëÉäÉÅíáçå=çÑ=bìêçéÉ~å=ÅçìåíêáÉë=~åÇ=íÜÉ=rpI=áå=OMMR=
=
`çìåíêó=
=
qÜÉ=kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë=
dÉêã~åó=
råáíÉÇ=háåÖÇçã=
kçêï~ó=
fí~äó=
cê~åÅÉ=
pé~áå=
pïÉÇÉå=
råáíÉÇ=pí~íÉë=
mçä~åÇ=
eìåÖ~êó=
mÉêÅÉåí~ÖÉ=é~êí=íáãÉ=ïçêâáåÖ=
ïçãÉå=
=
SN=
PV=
PV=
PP=
OV=
OP=
OO=
ON=
NU=
NT=
R=
pçìêÅÉW=lb`a=bãéäçóãÉåí=lìíäççâ=OMMS=
=
^= ã~àçêáíó= çÑ= aìíÅÜ= ïçãÉå= EUQBF= áë= ïáääáåÖ= íç= Ü~îÉ= ~= é~áÇ= àçÄ= çê= íç= ïçêâ= ãçêÉ=
ÜçìêëI= éêçîáÇÉÇ= íÜ~í= ÅÉêí~áå= ÅçåÇáíáçåë= ~êÉ= ãÉí= Ep`mI= OMMSFK= qÜÉëÉ= ÅçåÇáíáçåë= ~êÉ=
NR=
êÉä~íÉÇ= íç= ~= ÖççÇ= ÅçãÄáå~íáçå= çÑ= Å~êÉ= ~åÇ= ïçêâ= ~åÇ= EÑäÉñáÄáäáíó= áåF= ïçêâ= ÜçìêëK=
cáå~åÅá~ä=ÅçåëáÇÉê~íáçåë=éä~ó=~=êçäÉ=íççW=áÑ=íÜÉ=áåÅçãÉ=áë=åÉÉÇÉÇ=ïçãÉå=ïçìäÇ=ïçêâ=
ãçêÉK=^åçíÜÉê=ÅçåÇáíáçå=íÜ~í=áë=áãéçêí~åí=Ñçê=ïçãÉå=áë=íÜ~í=í~ëâë=~í=ÜçãÉ=Ó=íÜÉ=Å~êÉ=
ïçêâ=~åÇ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=ïçêâ=Ó=ïçêâ=çìí=~ë=éä~ååÉÇ=~åÇ=ïçêâ=çìí=ïÉääK==
=
NKNKO=qÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ìåé~áÇ=ïçêâ=
få= OMMM= aìíÅÜ= ãÉå= ~ÅÅçìåíÉÇ= Ñçê= PRKOB= çÑ= íÜÉ= Üçìêë= ëéÉåí= çå= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= ïçêâI=
äççâáåÖ=~ÑíÉê=ÅÜáäÇêÉå=~åÇ=çíÜÉê=Ñ~ãáäó=ãÉãÄÉêë=~åÇ=afv=~ÅíáîáíáÉë=Ep`mI=OMMSFK=qÜÉ=
í~êÖÉí=çÑ=íÜÉ=aìíÅÜ=ÖçîÉêåãÉåí=áë=íÜ~í=íÜáë=ÑáÖìêÉ=ëÜçìäÇ=êÉ~ÅÜ=~í=äÉ~ëí=QMB=áå=OMNMK=
eçïÉîÉêI=ÄÉíïÉÉå=OMMM= ~åÇ= OMMR=ãÉåÛë=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçå=íç= ÇçãÉëíáÅ= í~ëâë=áåÅêÉ~ëÉÇ=
Äó= çåäó= MKR= éçáåíëI= íç= PRKTBK= qÜÉ= p`m= ÇçÉë= åçí= íÜáåâ= áí= îÉêó= äáâÉäó= Ó= ÖáîÉå= íÜÉ=
ãÉ~ÖÉê=íêÉåÇ=áå=íÜÉ=ä~ëí=íÉå=óÉ~êë=Ó=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=ëÜ~êÉ=í~âÉå=Äó=ãÉå=áå=éÉêÑçêãáåÖ=Å~êÉ=
í~ëâë=ïçìäÇ=áåÅêÉ~ëÉ=Äó=QKP=éÉêÅÉåí~ÖÉ=éçáåíë=çîÉê=íÜÉ=åÉñí=ÑáîÉ=óÉ~êëK==
=
=
q~ÄäÉ=NKO==
qáãÉ= ëéÉåí= çå= é~áÇ= ïçêâ= ~åÇ= ìåé~áÇ= ïçêâI= ãÉå= ~åÇ= ïçãÉå= [= ~ÖÉ= ORI= Äó= ~ÖÉ=
óçìåÖÉëí=ÅÜáäÇ=Eáå=Üçìêë=éÉê=ïÉÉâF=
=
=
m~êÉåíëI=~ÖÉ=óçìåÖÉëí=ÅÜáäÇ=MJR=
==råé~áÇ=ïçêâ=
====eçìëÉÜçäÇ=ïçêâ=
====`~êÉ=Ñçê=ÅÜáäÇêÉå==
====açJáíJóçìêëÉäÑ=~ÅíáîáíáÉë=
====pìééçêí=EåçåF=Ñ~ãáäó=ãÉãÄÉêë=
====sçäìåíÉÉê=ïçêâ=
==m~áÇ=ïçêâ=
qçí~ä=
=
m~êÉåíëI=~ÖÉ=óçìåÖÉëí=ÅÜáäÇ=SJNQ=
==råé~áÇ=ïçêâ=
====eçìëÉÜçäÇ=ïçêâ=
====`~êÉ=Ñçê=ÅÜáäÇêÉå==
====açJáíJóçìêëÉäÑ=~ÅíáîáíáÉë=
====pìééçêí=EåçåF=Ñ~ãáäó=ãÉãÄÉêë=
====sçäìåíÉÉê=ïçêâ=
==m~áÇ=ïçêâ=
qçí~ä=
NVVM=
=
ROKU=
OTKT=
NUKV=
QKS=
MKU=
MKU=
QKT=
RTKQ=
=
=
QPKO=
OVKV=
SKN=
QKT=
NKP=
NKO=
VKM=
ROKP=
tçãÉå=
OMMM=
=
QUKN=
OQKN=
OMKP=
OKP=
MKS=
MKU=
NNKR=
RVKS=
=
=
QMKR=
OSKV=
TKO=
PKU=
NKT=
NKM=
NPKV=
RQKQ=
pçìêÅÉW=p`m=Eq_lÛTRJÛMRF=
=
=
NS=
OMMR=
=
QTKQ=
OPKT=
OMKT=
NKV=
MKR=
MKS=
NQKM=
SNKR=
=
=
PUKO=
OQKR=
VKQ=
OKV=
MKV=
MKR=
NTKS=
RRKU=
NVVM=
=
ONKU=
VKM=
TKQ=
PKV=
MKR=
NKN=
PTKU=
RVKS=
=
=
NRKT=
SKS=
NKS=
QKN=
MKS=
OKU=
PSKN=
RRKQ=
jÉå=
OMMM=
=
NVKU=
UKQ=
UKP=
OKP=
MKP=
MKQ=
QOKN=
SNKV=
=
=
NVKS=
NMKO=
PKS=
QKP=
MKS=
MKV=
PSKN=
RRKS=
OMMR=
=
OPKN=
VKO=
NMKM=
OKV=
MKP=
MKT=
QNKR=
SQKS=
=
=
NVKP=
VKU=
PKS=
QKM=
MKS=
NKO=
PVKP=
RUKT=
qÜÉ=éêçéçêíáçå=çÑ=íáãÉ=ëéÉåí= çå= ÇçãÉëíáÅ= í~ëâë=Äó=Ñ~íÜÉêë=áë=ÄÉäçï=íÜÉ=~îÉê~ÖÉ=çÑ=
PRKTBK= cçê= Ñ~íÜÉêë= ïáíÜ= ÅÜáäÇêÉå= ìåÇÉê= ~ÖÉ= ëáñ= íÜÉ= éêçéçêíáçå= áë= POKRB= áå= OMMR=
EOVKOB= áå= OMMMFK= cçê= Ñ~íÜÉêë= ïáíÜ= çäÇÉê= ÅÜáäÇêÉå= íÜÉ= éêçéçêíáçå= áë= POKQBI= ïÜáÅÜ= áë=
Åçãé~ê~ÄäÉ=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=óÉ~êë=ÄÉÑçêÉ=EëÉÉ=q~ÄäÉ=NKOI=p`m=OMMSFK=eçïÉîÉêI=íÜÉ=íáãÉ=íÜ~í=
íÜÉëÉ= Ñ~íÜÉêë= ëéÉåÇ= çå= é~áÇ= ~åÇ= ìåé~áÇ= ïçêâ= íçÖÉíÜÉê= áë= ëÉîÉê~ä= Üçìêë= ãçêÉ= íÜ~å=
íÜÉ= íáãÉ= ãçíÜÉêë= ëéÉåÇ= çå= é~áÇ= ~åÇ= ìåé~áÇ= ïçêâK= få= OMMR= Ñ~íÜÉêë= ïçêâÉÇ= çå=
~îÉê~ÖÉ=íÜêÉÉ=Üçìêë=ãçêÉ=éÉê=ïÉÉâK=
=
NKNKP=qÜÉ=ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅó=ÄÉíïÉÉå=áÇÉ~ë=~åÇ=Ç~áäó=êÉ~äáíó=
qÜÉ= ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåí= íçï~êÇë= ~= ãçêÉ= Éèì~ä= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= é~áÇ= ïçêâ= ÄÉíïÉÉå= ãÉå= ~åÇ=
ïçãÉå= í~âÉë= ~= ãçêÉ= Ñ~îçê~ÄäÉ= íìêå= íÜ~å= íÜÉ= ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåí= íçï~êÇë= ~= ãçêÉ= Éèì~ä=
Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ìåé~áÇ= ïçêâ= Ep`mI= OMMQFK= _ÉíïÉÉå= NVTR= ~åÇ= OMMM= ïçãÉå= ëéÉåí= ãçêÉ=
íáãÉ= çå= é~áÇ= ïçêâ= ~åÇ= äÉëë= çå= ìåé~áÇ= ïçêâK= qÜÉ= éêçéçêíáçå= çÑ= ãÉå= çå= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=
ïçêâ= ~åÇ= ÅÜáäÇ= Å~êÉ= áåÅêÉ~ëÉë= äáííäÉ= áå= íÜáë= éÉêáçÇK= bîÉå= íÜçìÖÜ= êÉëÉ~êÅÜ= çîÉê= íáãÉ=
ëÜçïë= íÜ~í= ãÉå= ~êÉ= ÇçáåÖ= çåäó= ëçãÉïÜ~í= ãçêÉI= íÜáë= áë= ÉëéÉÅá~ääó= ÇìÉ= íç= íÜÉ= Ñ~Åí=
íÜ~í= ïçãÉå= ~êÉ= ÇçáåÖ= äÉëë= EpÜÉäíçå= ~åÇ= gçÜåI= NVVSX= _á~åÅÜáI= jáäâáÉI= p~óÉêI= ~åÇ=
oçÄáåëçåI= OMMMX= Ñçê= íÜÉ= kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë= p`mI= OMMOLOMMQFK= _çíÜ= ãÉå= ~åÇ= ïçãÉå= ~êÉ=
áåîÉëíáåÖ=ãçêÉ=íáãÉ=áå=äççâáåÖ=~ÑíÉê=ÅÜáäÇêÉåK=qÜÉ=ÖêçïáåÖ=é~êíáÅáé~íáçå=Äó=ïçãÉå=áå=
íÜÉ= ä~Äçê= ã~êâÉí= Ü~ë= íÜìë= åçí= í~âÉå= éä~ÅÉ= ~í= íÜÉ= ÉñéÉåëÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= íáãÉ= ëéÉåí= çå=
ÅÜáäÇêÉåI= Äìí= ~í= íÜÉ= íáãÉ= ëéÉåí= çå= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= ïçêâ= Ep`mI= OMMSFK= ^ÅÅçêÇáåÖ= íç=
eçÅÜëÅÜáäÇ= ENVUVF= íÜÉ= èìÉëíáçåë= çÑ= ïÜç= ÇçÉë= ïÜ~í= ~í= ÜçãÉ= ~åÇ= çÑ= ïÜ~í= IåÉÉÇë=
ÇçáåÖÒ=ÄÉÅçãÉ=âÉó=áÑ=ïçãÉå=ÄÉÖáå=íç=Çç=äÉëë=~í=ÜçãÉ=ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ=íÜÉó=Ü~îÉ=äÉëë=íáãÉI=
áÑ=ãÉå=Çç=äáííäÉ=ãçêÉI=~åÇ=áÑ=íÜÉ=ïçêâ=çÑ=ê~áëáåÖ=ÅÜáäÇêÉå=~åÇ=íÉåÇáåÖ=~=ÜçãÉ=êÉèìáêÉë=
êçìÖÜäó=íÜÉ=ë~ãÉ=ÉÑÑçêíK=qÜÉëÉ=èìÉëíáçåë=ã~ó=ÄÉÅçãÉ=~=ëçìêÅÉ=çÑ=ÇÉÉé=íÉåëáçåë=áå=
ã~êêá~ÖÉ=~åÇ=ÅçÜ~Äáí~íáçåK==
qÜÉ= áÇÉ~ë= ~Äçìí= Éèì~ääó= ëÜ~êáåÖ= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= ïçêâ= Ü~îÉI= êÉã~êâ~ÄäóI= Ö~áåÉÇ=
ãçêÉ= ëìééçêí= áå= íÜÉ= é~ëí= íïç= ÇÉÅ~ÇÉë= áå= íÜÉ= kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë= EëÉÉ= cáÖìêÉ= NKNFK= _ó=
ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= ïçêâ= áë= ãÉ~åí= ÅäÉ~åáåÖI= ÖêçÅÉêáÉë= ~åÇ= ÅççâáåÖK= lå= ~îÉê~ÖÉ= ëçãÉïÜ~í=
ãçêÉ=íÜ~å=TRB=çÑ=íÜÉ=ãÉå=~åÇ=åçíJïçêâáåÖ=ïçãÉå=~ÖêÉÉ=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=éêçéçëáíáçå=íÜ~í=
ãÉå=~åÇ=ïçãÉå=ëÜçìäÇ=Éèì~ääó=ÇáîáÇÉ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=ïçêâ=ÄÉíïÉÉå=íÜÉãK=tçãÉå=ïÜç=
Ü~îÉ=~=é~áÇ=àçÄ=~êÉ=ÉîÉå=ëíêçåÖÉê=~ÇîçÅ~íÉë=çÑ=í~ëâJëÜ~êáåÖW=UPB=ÉåÇçêëÉ=~=ÑáÑíóJÑáÑíó=
Çáîáëáçå=Ep`mI=OMMSFK==
NT=
cáÖìêÉ=NKN==
mêçéçëáíáçåW=ÚjÉå= ~åÇ=ïçãÉå= ëÜçìäÇ= ÇáîáÇÉ= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= ïçêâ= Éèì~ääó= ÄÉíïÉÉå= É~ÅÜ= çíÜÉêÛI=
éçéìä~íáçå=çÑ=~ÖÉ=NSJTQI=NVUNJOMMQ=EB=ÚEëíêçåÖäóF=~ÖêÉÉÛFK=
=
pçìêÅÉW=p`m=E`sÛUNJÛMQF=
=
jÉå= ~åÇ= ïçãÉå= ~äëç= ~ÖêÉÉ= íç= ~= ÖêÉ~í= ÉñíÉåí= çå= íÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÅÜáäÇ= Å~êÉW= VMB=
~ÖêÉÉ=çå=íÜÉ= éêçéçëáíáçå= íÜ~í= ãÉå= ~åÇ= ïçãÉå= ~êÉ= Éèì~ääó= êÉëéçåëáÄäÉ= Ñçê= íÜÉ= Å~êÉ=
Ñçê=ÅÜáäÇêÉåK=tÉ=íÜìë=ëÉÉ=~=ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅó=ÄÉíïÉÉå=ïÜ~í=éÉçéäÉ=íÜáåâ=áë=êáÖÜí=~åÇ=ïÜ~í=
íÜÉó= ~Åíì~ääó= éê~ÅíáÅÉW= ÄÉíïÉÉå= íÜÉ= ëçÅá~ä= åçêã= ~åÇ= Ç~áäó= êÉ~äáíóK= tÜó= ÇçÉë= íÜÉ=
Éèì~äáíó= åçêã= åçí= äÉ~Ç= íç= ãçêÉ= ~Åíì~ä= Éèì~äáíó\= qÜáë= áë= ~= éìòòäÉK= qÜÉ= êÉëÉ~êÅÜ=
èìÉëíáçå=íÜ~í=ïáää=ÄÉ=~ÇÇêÉëëÉÇ=áå=íÜáë=ëíìÇó=áë=íÜÉêÉÑçêÉW==
=
eçï=Å~å=ïÉ=Éñéä~áå=íÜÉ=çåÖçáåÖ=ìåÉèì~ä=Çáîáëáçå==
çÑ=ìåé~áÇ=ïçêâ=ÄÉíïÉÉå=ïçãÉå=~åÇ=ãÉåI=
=ÇÉëéáíÉ=íÜÉ=ïáÇÉäó=ëÜ~êÉÇ=ëçÅá~ä=åçêã=~Äçìí=Éèì~ääó=ëÜ~êáåÖ=íÜáë=ïçêâ\=
=
=
qÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= áë= íÜÉ= íçéáÅ= çÑ= íÜáë= ëíìÇóK= eçìëÉïçêâ= áë= ÇÉÑáåÉÇ= ~ë= ~=
ÅçãÄáå~íáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= ïçêâI= ÅÜáäÇ= Å~êÉ= ~åÇ= Éãçíáçå= ïçêâ= EÉãçíáçå= ïçêâ=
ãÉ~åáåÖ= íÜÉ= ~ííÉåíáîÉ= ~åÇ= ÅççêÇáå~íáîÉ= ïçêâ= áå= íÜÉ= Ñ~ãáäóI= ëìÅÜ= ~ë= ã~å~ÖáåÖ=
Éãçíáçåë= ~åÇ= íÉåëáçåëI= ëìëí~áåáåÖ= ÅçåîÉêë~íáçå= ~åÇ= ÅêÉ~íáåÖ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéëI= âÉÉéáåÖ=
âáå= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéëI= ~åÇ= ëç= ÑçêíÜ= áÑ= íÜÉ= Ñ~ãáäó= áë= íç= ëìêîáîÉI= ëÉÉ= eçÅÜëÅÜáäÇI= NVUVX=
qÜçãéëçåI= NVVNI= bêáÅâëçåI= NVVPX= i~ëëäÉíI= NVVPX= pÜÉäíçå= ~åÇ= gçÜåI= NVVSX= oáëã~å=
~åÇ=gçÜåëçåJpìãÉêÑçêÇI=NVVUX=`çäíê~åÉI=OMMMFK=
=
=
NU=
NKO=_ÉóçåÇ=íÜÉ=Åçããçå=Éñéä~å~íáçåë=
=
få=íÜÉáê=êÉîáÉï=çå=íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=ïçêâI=pÜÉäíçå=~åÇ=gçÜå=ENVVSF=ëí~íÉ=íÜ~í=
íÜÉ= ÉãéáêáÅ~ä= êÉëÉ~êÅÜ= çå= íÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= ä~Äçê= áë= Ççãáå~íÉÇ= Äó= ëíìÇáÉë=
íÜ~í= ìëÉ= çåÉ= çê= ãçêÉ= çÑ= íÜêÉÉ= Éñéä~å~íáçåë= Åçããçåäó= êÉÑÉêêÉÇ= íç= ~ë= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáîÉ=
êÉëçìêÅÉëI= ÖÉåÇÉê= áÇÉçäçÖó= ~åÇ= íáãÉ= Åçåëíê~áåíë= Éñéä~å~íáçåëK= qÜÉ= äÉ~ÇáåÖ=
ÜóéçíÜÉëÉë=êÉä~íÉÇ=íç=íÜÉëÉ=Éñéä~å~íáçåë=~êÉW=ENF=íÜÉ=ãçêÉ=êÉëçìêÅÉë=EáKÉK=ÉÇìÅ~íáçåI=
É~êåáåÖëI= ~åÇ= çÅÅìé~íáçå~ä= ëí~íìëF= ~= é~êíåÉê= Ü~ëI= ÄçíÜ= áå= ~ÄëçäìíÉ= íÉêãë= ~åÇ= áå=
êÉä~íáçå= íç= íÜÉ= çíÜÉê= é~êíåÉêI= íÜÉ= äÉëë= ÇçãÉëíáÅ= ïçêâ= ÜÉLëÜÉ= ÇçÉëI= EOF= íÜÉ= ãçêÉ=
íê~Çáíáçå~ä=íÜÉ=ã~åÛë=ÖÉåÇÉê=áÇÉçäçÖóI=íÜÉ=äÉëë=ÇçãÉëíáÅ=ä~Äçê=ÜÉ=ÇçÉë=~åÇ=íÜÉ=ãçêÉ=
íê~Çáíáçå~ä= íÜÉ= ïçã~åÛë= ÖÉåÇÉê= áÇÉçäçÖóI= íÜÉ= ãçêÉ= ëÜÉ= ÇçÉëI= ~åÇ= EPF= íÜÉ= ãçêÉ=
ÇçãÉëíáÅ=í~ëâ=ÇÉã~åÇë=çå=~=é~êíåÉê=~åÇ=íÜÉ=ÖêÉ~íÉê=ÜáëLÜÉê=éçëëáÄáäáíó=íç=êÉëéçåÇ=íç=
íÜÉãI= ÉëéÉÅá~ääó= áå= íÉêãë= çÑ= ~î~áä~ÄäÉ= íáãÉI= íÜÉ= ÖêÉ~íÉê= ÜáëLÜÉê= é~êíáÅáé~íáçå= áå=
ÇçãÉëíáÅ= ä~Äçê= EcÉêêÉÉI= NVVNX= `çîÉêã~åI= NVVRX= mêÉëëÉêI= NVVQX= pÜÉäíçå= ~åÇ= gçÜåI=
NVVSX= _á~åÅÜáI= jáäâáÉI= p~óÉêI= ~åÇ= oçÄáåëçåI= OMMMX= `çäíê~åÉI= OMMMFK= kÉáíÜÉê= êÉä~íáîÉ=
êÉëçìêÅÉë= EëíêìÅíìê~ä= Éñéä~å~íáçåF= åçê= ÖÉåÇÉê= áÇÉçäçÖó= EÅìäíìê~ä= Éñéä~å~íáçåF= çÑÑÉê=
ìåáîçÅ~ä= Éñéä~å~íáçåë= Ñçê= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáîÉ= ëÜ~êÉ= çÑ= ãÉå= ~åÇ= ïçãÉåÛë= ÅçåíêáÄìíáçå= íç=
ÜçìëÉïçêâ= EmêÉëëÉêI= NVVQX= pÜÉäíçå= ~åÇ= gçÜåI= NVVSX= `çäíê~åÉI= OMMMFK= iÉëë=
áåÅçåëáëíÉåÅó= áë= ÑçìåÇ= ïáíÜ= êÉÖ~êÇ= íç= íÜÉ= íáãÉ= ~î~áä~Äáäáíó= ÜóéçíÜÉëáëI= ~äíÜçìÖÜ=
ëíìÇáÉë= çÑ= íÜÉ= ~ëëçÅá~íáçå= ÄÉíïÉÉå= ïçãÉåÛë= ÉãéäçóãÉåí= ~åÇ= íÜÉáê= ÜìëÄ~åÇÛë=
ÜçìëÉïçêâ= íáãÉ= ~êÉ= åçí= ÅçåëáëíÉåí= ÉáíÜÉê= EpÜÉäíçå= ~åÇ= gçÜåI= NVVSFK= qÜìë= åÉáíÜÉê=
ëíêìÅíìê~ä=åçê=Åìäíìê~ä=Éñéä~å~íáçåë=~äçåÉ=ÅçåíêáÄìíÉ=íç=çìê=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=ïÜ~í=áë=
ÖçáåÖ= çåK= _ÉëáÇÉë= íÜ~íI= ã~åó= ÅçìéäÉë= íÜáåâ= çÑ= íÜÉáê= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= ~ë=
ëçãÉíÜáåÖ=íÜ~í=ëáãéäó=Ü~ééÉåÉÇ=EhçãíÉêI=NVURX=s~å=ÇÉê=sáååÉI=NVVUFK=^ÅÅçêÇáåÖ=íç=
hçãíÉê=ENVURLNVUVF=áí=áë=íÜÉ=ÚÜáÇÇÉå=éçïÉê=áå=ã~êêá~ÖÉÛ=ëÜçïå=Äó=ÚíÜÉ=í~Åáí=êìäÉë=çÑ=
áåíÉê~Åíáçå= ÄÉíïÉÉå= ãÉå= ~åÇ= ïçãÉåÛ= íÜ~í= éä~óë= ~= âÉó= êçäÉK= ^åÇ= ~äíÜçìÖÜ= ã~åó=
ïçãÉå=áå=hçãíÉêÛë=ëíìÇó=Ü~Ç=~=ÇÉëáêÉ=Ñçê=ÅÜ~åÖÉ=áå=íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâI=åçí=
ãìÅÜ= ÅÜ~åÖÉ= ÇáÇ= ~Åíì~ääó= çÅÅìêK= qÜÉ= èìÉëíáçå= áë= ïÜ~í= ãÉÅÜ~åáëãë= ~êÉ= ~í= ïçêâ= áå=
íÜÉ= ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåí= ~åÇ= ã~áåíÉå~åÅÉ= çÑ= ~= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâK= få= çêÇÉê= íç= ~åëïÉê=
íÜáë=èìÉëíáçå=ïÉ=Öç=ÄÉóçåÇ=íÜÉ=Åçããçå=Éñéä~å~íáçåë=áå=íÜÉ=äáíÉê~íìêÉI=~åÇ=ÅçãÉ=ìé=
ïáíÜ= ~= íÜÉçêÉíáÅ~ä= ~ééêç~ÅÜ= Ó= ~ééäáÉÇ= íç= íÜÉ= ÅçìéäÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= Ó= íÜ~í= ãáÖÜí= ëÜÉÇ=
ëçãÉ=åÉï=äáÖÜí=çå=íÜÉ=çåÖçáåÖ=ìåÉèì~ä=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâK=
=
=
NV=
NKP=^=ëçÅá~ä=ê~íáçå~äáíó=~ééêç~ÅÜ=íç=íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=
=
qÜÉ= ÅçãéäÉñ= éÜÉåçãÉåçå= çÑ= íÜÉ= ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåí= ~åÇ= ã~áåíÉå~åÅÉ= çÑ= ~= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ=
ÜçìëÉïçêâ= ÄÉíïÉÉå= ïçãÉå= ~åÇ= ãÉå= ÅçìäÇ= åçí= ÄÉ= ëìÑÑáÅáÉåíäó= Éñéä~áåÉÇ= Äó=
Åçåëíê~áåíë= çê= Äó= êÉä~íáîÉ= Ä~êÖ~áåáåÖ= éçïÉê= Éñéä~å~íáçåëI= áKÉK= Äó= ê~íáçå~ä= ÅÜçáÅÉ=
~ééêç~ÅÜÉë=áå=ïÜáÅÜ=íÜÉ=çìíÅçãÉ=áë=íÜÉ=êÉëìäí=çÑ=Å~äÅìä~íáåÖäó=ã~ñáãáòáåÖ=çåÉÛë=çïå=
ìíáäáíóK= tÜ~í= ãáÖÜí= Ñáí= íÜÉ= ÅçãéäÉñáíó= ãçêÉ= áë= ~= íÜÉçêó= çÑ= ëçÅá~ä= ê~íáçå~äáíó=
EiáåÇÉåÄÉêÖI= OMMNFK= få= íÜáë= íÜÉçêó= ê~íáçå~äáíó= áë= ëÉÉå= ~ë= ~= ÅçääÉÅíáçå= çÑ= Üìã~å=
ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅëI= É~ÅÜ= çÑ= ïÜáÅÜ= áë= ëìÄàÉÅí= íç= ëçÅá~ä= áåÑäìÉåÅÉ= ~åÇ= åçåÉ= çÑ= ïÜáÅÜ= áë=
ÅäÉ~êäó= ãçêÉ= áãéçêí~åí= íÜ~å= íÜÉ= çíÜÉêK= ^= Üìã~å= ÄÉáåÖI= áêêÉëéÉÅíáîÉ= çÑ= íáãÉ= ~åÇ=
ëé~ÅÉI= áë= ÉåÇçïÉÇ= ïáíÜ= ê~íáçå~äáíóI= ïÜáÅÜ= ãÉ~åë= íÜ~í= ÜÉ= çê= ëÜÉ= áë= êÉëçìêÅÉÑìäI=
êÉëíêáÅíÉÇI= ÉñéÉÅíáåÖI= Éî~äì~íáåÖI= ãçíáî~íÉÇ= ~åÇ= ëíêáîáåÖ= íçï~êÇë= ãÉ~åáåÖÑìäåÉëëNK=
qÜáë=ä~ëí=ãÉ~åë=íÜ~í=Üìã~å=ÄÉáåÖëI=ïÜÉå=ÅçåÑêçåíÉÇ=ïáíÜ=~å=ìåëíêìÅíìêÉÇ=ëáíì~íáçåI=
ïáää=íêó=íç=áãéêçîÉ=íÜÉ=ëíêìÅíìêÉ=çÑ=íÜáë=ëáíì~íáçå=Äó=ã~âáåÖ=áí=ãÉ~åáåÖÑìä=áå=íÉêãë=çÑ=
íÜÉ= çíÜÉê=ÉäÉãÉåíëK=qÜÉëÉ= ÉäÉãÉåíë= ~êÉ= íÜìë= ÇÉéÉåÇÉåí= çå= íÜÉ= é~êíáÅìä~ê= ëáíì~íáçå=
~åÇ= íÜÉ= ëçÅá~ä= ÅçåíÉñí= çÑ= íÜ~í= ëáíì~íáçåW= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí= äçÖáÅë= ~êÉ= ìëÉÇ= áå= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí= ëçÅá~ä=
ëáíì~íáçåëK=
cçê=ÅçìéäÉëI=iáåÇÉåÄÉêÖ=EOMMTF=Ü~ë=êÉÅÉåíäó=~ééäáÉÇ=íÜáë=~ééêç~ÅÜ=Äó=ã~âáåÖ=~=
ÇáëíáåÅíáçå=ÄÉíïÉÉå=ä~êÖÉ=~åÇ=ëã~ää= ÇÉÅáëáçåë=áå=íÜÉ=ÅçìéäÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéK=fí=áë= Ä~ëÉÇ=
çå= íÜÉ= áÇÉ~= íÜ~í= éÉçéäÉ= ìëÉ= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí= ãÉåí~ä= ãçÇÉäë= Ñçê= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéë=
Eé~êíåÉêëI=ÑêáÉåÇëI=ÅçääÉ~ÖìÉëFK=qÜÉ=ãÉåí~ä=ãçÇÉä=çÑ=~=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=ÄÉíïÉÉå=é~êíåÉêë=
ÖçîÉêåë= íÜÉ= IÄáÖÒ= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= áå= ~= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéI= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= íÜ~í= ~ÑÑÉÅí=ä~êÖÉê= êÉëçìêÅÉë=
~åÇ=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=áíëÉäÑI=ëìÅÜ=~ë=ïÜÉêÉ=íç=äáîÉI=Üçï=íç=~êê~åÖÉ=~åÇ=ëÜ~êÉ=ëé~ÅÉ=áå=
íÜÉ=ÜçìëÉI=ïÜÉíÜÉê=~åÇ=Üçï=ãìÅÜ=~=é~êíåÉê=ïçêâëI=ÄáÖ=ÉñéÉåëÉë=ëìÅÜ=~ë=ÄìóáåÖ=~=
Å~ê=çê=~=ÜçìëÉ=ÉíÅK=qÜÉ=äçÖáÅ=ìëÉÇ=áå=íÜÉëÉ=áåíÉê~Åíáçåë=áë=çåÉ=çÑ=Ä~ä~åÅáåÖ=áåÇáîáÇì~ä=
áåíÉêÉëíë= ïáíÜ= ëÜ~êÉÇ= îáÉïë= çÑ= ïÜ~í= íÜÉ= é~êíåÉê= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= Éåí~áäëK= Ú_~ä~åÅáåÖ=
áåÇáîáÇì~ä=áåíÉêÉëíëÛ=Ü~ë=áíë=çêáÖáåë=áå=~å=~Äëíê~Åí=åçêã=çÑ=åçí=Åä~áãáåÖ=éêáîáäÉÖÉK==
N
=qÜÉ=ÉäÉãÉåíë=çÑ=íÜÉ=íÜÉçêó=çÑ=ëçÅá~ä=ê~íáçå~äáíó=EiáåÇÉåÄÉêÖI=OMMNI=éK=SPSFW=
• oÉëçìêÅÉÑìäW=ÖáîÉå=íÜ~í=Üìã~å=ÄÉáåÖë=~êÉ=ãçíáî~íÉÇ=íç=éìêëìÉ=~=Öç~äI=íÜÉó=ïáää=ëÉ~êÅÜ=Ñçê=~åÇ=
çÑíÉå=ÑáåÇ=éçëëáÄáäáíáÉë=íç=êÉ~äáòÉ=~=ëí~íÉ=íÜÉó=Éî~äì~íÉ=ãçêÉ=éçëáíáîÉäó=íÜ~å=íÜÉ=çåÉ=íÜÉó=~êÉ=áåX=
íÜÉó=Å~å=ÄÉ=áåîÉåíáîÉK=
• oÉëíêáÅíÉÇW= Üìã~å= ÄÉáåÖë= ~êÉ= ÅçåÑêçåíÉÇ= ïáíÜ= ëÅ~êÅáíó= ~åÇ= ÅÜçáÅÉë= EÅçåëÅáçìëäó= çê= åçíF=
~ãçåÖ=ÉñÅäìëáîÉ=çéíáçåëX=ÅÜçáÅÉ=áãéäáÉë=Åçëíë=áå=íÉêãë=çÑ=ÑçêÖçåÉ=çééçêíìåáíáÉëK=
• bñéÉÅíáåÖW=Üìã~å=ÄÉáåÖë=Ñçêã=ÉñéÉÅí~íáçåë=~Äçìí=é~ëíI=éêÉëÉåíI=~åÇ=ÑìíìêÉ=ÉîÉåíëX=íÜÉó=Å~å=
äÉ~êåK=
• bî~äì~íáåÖW=Üìã~å=ÄÉáåÖë=~íí~ÅÜ=î~äìÉ=íç=é~ëíI=éêÉëÉåíI=~åÇ=ÑìíìêÉ=ëí~íÉë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ïçêäÇK=
• jçíáî~íÉÇW=Üìã~å=ÄÉáåÖë=~êÉ=ãçíáî~íÉÇ=íç=~ÅÜáÉîÉ=~=ÅçåÇáíáçå=ïÜáÅÜ=íÜÉó=î~äìÉ=ãçêÉ=ÜáÖÜäó=
íÜ~å= íÜÉ= çåÉ= íÜÉó= ~êÉ= áåK= fí= áãéäáÉë= éçëëáÄäÉ= ëìÄëíáíìíáçå= çÑ= çåÉ= çéíáçå= Ñçê= ~åçíÜÉê= ïÜÉå=
êÉëíêáÅíáçåëI=ÉñéÉÅí~íáçåë=~åÇLçê=Éî~äì~íáçåë=ÅÜ~åÖÉK=
• jÉ~åáåÖW=Üìã~å=ÄÉáåÖëI=ïÜÉå=ÅçåÑêçåíÉÇ=ïáíÜ=~å=ìåëíêìÅíìêÉÇ=ëáíì~íáçåI=ïáää=íêó=íç=áãéêçîÉ=
íÜÉ=ëíêìÅíìêÉ=çÑ=íÜáë=ëáíì~íáçå=Äó=ã~âáåÖ=áí=ãÉ~åáåÖÑìä=áå=íÉêãë=çÑ=íÜÉ=çíÜÉê=ÉäÉãÉåíëK=
OM=
qÜÉ= Iëã~ääÒ= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= çÑ= ÉîÉêóÇ~ó= äáÑÉI= ëìÅÜ= ~ë= ïÜç= ëÜçìäÇ= í~âÉ= çìí= íÜÉ=
Ö~êÄ~ÖÉI=ïÜç=ëÜçìäÇ=ÅççâI=ïÜç=ëÜçìäÇ=Çç=íÜÉ=ÇáëÜÉëI=ïÜç=ëÜçìäÇ=ÅäÉ~å=íÜÉ=âáíÅÜÉåI=
ÉíÅKI=~êÉ=åçí=ÖçîÉêåÉÇ=Äó=íÜÉ=ãÉåí~ä=ãçÇÉä=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéK=o~íÜÉêI=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=Ñçê=
ëìÅÜ= Ç~áäó= í~ëâë= ~êÉ= äáâÉäó= íç= ÄÉ= ÇáêÉÅíÉÇ= Äó= ~= ÅçãÄáå~íáçå= çÑ= í~ëâJëéÉÅáÑáÅ= åçêãë=
EhåáàåI= NVVQX= s~å= tÉä= ~åÇ= håáàåI= OMMSF= ~åÇ= ~= ãÉÅÜ~åáëã= çÑ= ÉñéÉÅí~íáçå= ëí~íÉë= áå=
ïÜáÅÜ=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉ=~åÇ=ëíÉêÉçíóéáÅ~ä=åçíáçåë=äÉ~Ç=íç=ÉñéÉÅí~íáçåë=~Äçìí=ïÜç=Å~å=ÑìäÑáää=
íÜÉã=ÄÉííÉê=E_ÉêÖÉêI=NVTQFK=qÜÉ=Åìãìä~íáîÉ=ÉÑÑÉÅíë=çÑ=íÜÉëÉ=ëã~ää=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=ïáää=ÄÉ=~=
ëí~íìë=ëíêìÅíìêÉ=~äçåÖ=íÜÉ=äáåÉë=çÑ=éêÉëìãÉÇ=ÅçãéÉíÉåÅÉ=E_ÉêÖÉê=~åÇ=`çååçêI=NVTQX=
oáÇÖÉï~ó= ~åÇ= t~äâÉêI= NVVRF= ïÜáÅÜI= áå= íìêåI= êÉáåÑçêÅÉë= íÜÉ= áåáíá~ä= ÉñéÉÅí~íáçåë= çÑ=
ÅçãéÉíÉåÅÉ= áå= ~ää= ëã~ää= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= íç= ÅçãÉK= _çíÜ= é~êíåÉêë= çÑíÉå= ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉ= íÜÉ=
ïçã~å= íç= ÄÉ= ~åÇ= ëíÉêÉçíóéáÅ~ääó= ÉñéÉÅí= ÜÉê= íç= ÄÉ= ÄÉííÉê= áå= ã~åó= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= í~ëâë=
íÜ~å=íÜÉ=ã~åK=qÜÉ=êÉëìäí=áë=~=IÅìãìä~íáçå=ÖççÇÒ=Eçê=Ä~ÇF=ïÜáÅÜ=ï~ë=åÉîÉê=ÇÉÅáÇÉÇ=
çå=Äìí=áë=åçåÉíÜÉäÉëë=íÜÉ=éêçÇìÅí=çÑ=ã~åó=ëã~ää=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=EiáåÇÉåÄÉêÖI=NVUSFK=qÜáë=
ãÉÅÜ~åáëã=íÜìë=ÅêÉ~íÉë=~=êÉáåÑçêÅáåÖ=éêçÅÉëë=íÜ~í=äÉ~Çë=íç=Åìãìä~íáîÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë=áå=
í~ëâ=~ëëáÖåãÉåí=íÜ~í=Ü~Ç=åÉîÉê=ÄÉÉå=åÉÖçíá~íÉÇ=çê=~ÖêÉÉÇ=çå=~ë=~=é~Åâ~ÖÉ=~åÇ=íÜ~í=
ãçêÉ=çê=äÉëë=ëáãéäó=Ü~ééÉåÉÇ=EhçãíÉêI=NVURX=s~å=ÇÉê=sáååÉI=NVVUFK==
=
qÜÉ= ~ÄçîÉ= Éñéä~å~íáçå= ÅçåíêáÄìíÉë= íç= çìê= ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ= çÑ= íÜÉ= ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåí=
~åÇ= ã~áåíÉå~åÅÉ= çÑ= ~= ëâÉïÉÇ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= ÄÉíïÉÉå= é~êíåÉêëK= pçãÉ=
ëÅÜçä~êë=Ü~îÉ=ëíìÇáÉÇ=Üçï=ÅçìéäÉë=ÅçéÉ=ïáíÜ=~=ëâÉïÉÇ=Çáîáëáçå=íÜ~í=Ü~ë=ÅçãÉ=áåíç=
ÄÉáåÖ=~åÇ=ïÜÉíÜÉê=ÅçìéäÉë=ãáÖÜí=ï~åí=íç=ÅÜ~åÖÉ=íÜÉ=ëáíì~íáçå=EhçãíÉêI=NVURLNVUVX=
eçÅÜëÅÜáäÇI=NVUVX=jçê¨ÉI=NVVOFK=^=Ñ~ãçìë=Éñ~ãéäÉ=áë=íÜ~í=çÑ=íÜÉ=Éëí~ÄäáëÜãÉåí=çÑ=
ÚÑ~ãáäó= ãóíÜëÛ= EeçÅÜëÅÜáäÇI= NVUVFK= `çìéäÉë= ï~åí= íç= ëÜ~êÉ= íÜÉ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= ÑáÑíóJÑáÑíó=
~åÇ=áã~ÖáåÉ=íÜ~í=íÜÉó=ÇçK=låÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅçìéäÉë=áå=eçÅÜëÅÜáäÇÛë=ëíìÇó=ÇáîáÇÉë=íÜÉ=í~ëâë=
áå=Úìéëí~áêë=~åÇ=Ççïåëí~áêëÛI=ïÜáÅÜ=ï~ë=ëóåçåóãçìë=íç=íÜÉã=Ñçê=ÚáåëáÇÉ=~åÇ=çìíëáÇÉ=
íÜÉ=ÜçìëÉÛ=çê=ÚÜ~äÑ=~åÇ=Ü~äÑÛK=eçïÉîÉêI=íÜÉêÉ=áë=çÑ=ÅçìêëÉ=~=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉ=ÄÉíïÉÉå=íÜÉ=
Ç~áäó=àçÄë=áåëáÇÉ=íÜÉ=ÜçìëÉ=~åÇ= íÜÉ=ãçêÉ=áåÅáÇÉåí~ä=ïçêâ=çìíëáÇÉ= íÜÉ=ÜçìëÉW=ÇáååÉê=
åÉÉÇë=íç=ÄÉ=éêÉé~êÉÇ=ÉîÉêó=ÉîÉåáåÖ=~êçìåÇ=ëáñ=çÛÅäçÅâI=ïÜÉêÉ~ë=íÜÉ=Å~ê=çáä=åÉÉÇë=íç=
ÄÉ=ÅÜ~åÖÉÇ=ÉîÉêó=ëáñ=ãçåíÜëI=~åÇ=çÑíÉå=Å~å=ï~áí=ìåíáä=íÜÉêÉ=áë=íáãÉ=íç=Çç=áíK=jçê¨É=
ENVVOF= ÇáëíáåÖìáëÜÉë= íïç= ÅçéáåÖ= ëíê~íÉÖáÉë= êÉÖ~êÇáåÖ= íÜÉ= ÅçãÄáå~íáçå= çÑ= é~áÇ= ïçêâ=
~åÇ= ãçíÜÉêÜççÇW= éêçÄäÉã= ëçäîáåÖ= ~åÇ= Éãçíáçå= êÉÖìä~íáåÖK= qÜÉ= ÚÑ~ãáäó= ãóíÜÛ=
ÇÉëÅêáÄÉÇ=~ÄçîÉ=ÅçìäÇ=ÄÉ=êÉÖ~êÇÉÇ=~ë=~å=ÉãçíáçåJêÉÖìä~íáåÖ=ëíê~íÉÖóW=ÅçåÑäáÅíë=~Äçìí=
áåÉèì~äáíó=áå=íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=ÄÉíïÉÉå=é~êíåÉêë=Å~å=ÄÉ=~îçáÇÉÇ=íÜáë=ï~óK=
qÜáë=Äççâ=Åçåí~áåë=Ñçìê=ÉãéáêáÅ~ä=ÅÜ~éíÉêë=ÅçåëáÇÉêáåÖ=íÜÉ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåí=çÑ=~å=
ìåÉèì~ä= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= çìíÅçãÉ= çÑ= íÜ~í= éêçÅÉëëI= ÇÉëéáíÉ= é~êíåÉêÛë=
áÇÉ~ë= ~Äçìí= Éèì~ääó= ëÜ~êáåÖ= íÜáë= ïçêâK= få= íÜêÉÉ= çÑ= íÜÉëÉ= ÅÜ~éíÉêëI= íÜÉ= ÇáëíáåÅíáçå=
ÄÉíïÉÉå= ÄáÖ= ~åÇ= ëã~ää= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= áå= íÜÉ= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= áë= ìëÉÇ= íç= íÜêçï= äáÖÜí= çå= íÜÉ=
Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= ~åÇ= çå= ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëëK= qÜÉ= Ç~í~= ìëÉÇ= Ñçê= íÜÉëÉ= ÉãéáêáÅ~ä=
ON=
ÅÜ~éíÉêë= ÅçãÉ= Ñêçã= íÜÉ= kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë= háåëÜáé= m~åÉä= píìÇó= EkhmpX= aóâëíê~I= h~äãáàåI=
håáàåI=hçãíÉêI=iáÉÑÄêçÉêI=~åÇ=jìäÇÉêI=OMMRFK=
=
=
NKQ=qÜáë=ëíìÇó=
=
NKQKN=qÜÉ=kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë=háåëÜáé=m~åÉä=píìÇó=EkhmpF=
qÜÉ= kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë= háåëÜáé= m~åÉä= píìÇó= EkhmpF= áë= ~= ëíìÇó= çå= Ñ~ãáäó= ëçäáÇ~êáíó= áå= íÜÉ=
kÉíÜÉêä~åÇëOK=qÜÉ=Ñáêëí=ï~îÉ=Ó=íÜ~í=áë=ìëÉÇ=áå=íÜáë=Äççâ=Ó=ï~ë=ÅçääÉÅíÉÇ=áå=íÜÉ=éÉêáçÇ=
OMMOJOMMQK= qÜÉ= khmp= áë= ~= å~íáçå~ääó= êÉéêÉëÉåí~íáîÉ= ë~ãéäÉ= çÑ= çîÉê= UNRM=
êÉëéçåÇÉåíëK= fí= áë= ~= ê~åÇçã= ë~ãéäÉ= çÑ= áåÇáîáÇì~äë= E~ÖÉÇ= NU= íç= TVF= äáîáåÖ= áå= éêáî~íÉ=
ÜçìëÉÜçäÇë= áå= íÜÉ= kÉíÜÉêä~åÇëK= mçíÉåíá~ä= êÉëéçåÇÉåíë= ïÉêÉ= ~ééêç~ÅÜÉÇ= Äó= íÜÉ=
áåíÉêîáÉïÉê= ÉáíÜÉê= áå= éÉêëçå= çê= Äó= éÜçåÉK= `çãéìíÉêJ~ëëáëíÉÇ= éÉêëçå~ä= áåíÉêîáÉïë=
E`^mfF= ïÉêÉ= Å~êêáÉÇ= çìí= ïáíÜ= íÜÉ= éêáã~êó= êÉëéçåÇÉåí= E^åÅÜçêFK= qÜÉ= áåíÉêîáÉï= Ç~í~=
ïÉêÉ=ëìééäÉãÉåíÉÇ=ïáíÜ=ëÉäÑJÅçãéäÉíáçå=èìÉëíáçåå~áêÉëK=ré=íç=ÑáîÉ=Ñ~ãáäó=ãÉãÄÉêë=
Eé~êíåÉêI=çåÉ=é~êÉåíI=çåÉ=ëáÄäáåÖ=~åÇ=íïç=ÅÜáäÇêÉåW=^äíÉêëF=çÑ=íÜÉ=éêáã~êó=êÉëéçåÇÉåí=
EÄçíÜ= áå= ~åÇ= çìíëáÇÉ= íÜÉ= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇF= ïÉêÉ= ~ëâÉÇ= íç= ÅçãéäÉíÉ= ~= ëÉäÑJÅçãéäÉíáçå=
èìÉëíáçåå~áêÉ=Eaóâëíê~=Éí=~äKI=OMMRFK=qÜáë=Äççâ=ÑçÅìëÉë=çå=íÜÉ=êÉëéçåÇÉåí=~åÇ=Üáë=çê=
ÜÉê=é~êíåÉêK=`çìéäÉë=ïÉêÉ=ëÉäÉÅíÉÇ=áÑ=Ç~í~=ïÉêÉ=~î~áä~ÄäÉ=çå=íÜÉ=çê~ä=áåíÉêîáÉï=ïáíÜ=
íÜÉ= êÉëéçåÇÉåí= E^åÅÜçêFI= íÜÉ= ëÉäÑJÅçãéäÉíáçå= èìÉëíáçåå~áêÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= êÉëéçåÇÉåí= ~åÇ=
íÜÉ=ëÉäÑJÅçãéäÉíáçå=èìÉëíáçåå~áêÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=é~êíåÉê=E^äíÉêFK==
qÜÉ= áåëíêìãÉåíë= íÜ~í= ~êÉ= ìëÉÇ= áå= ëíìÇáÉë= çå= íÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= î~êó=
Ñêçã=íáãÉ=Çá~êáÉë=~åÇ=ÇáêÉÅí=èìÉëíáçåë=~Äçìí=íÜÉ=~ÄëçäìíÉ=íáãÉ=ëéÉåí=çå=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=
íç= èìÉëíáçåë= ~Äçìí= ïÜç= éÉêÑçêãë= ëéÉÅáÑáÅ= í~ëâëI= çÑíÉå= ãÉ~ëìêÉÇ= Äó= éêçéçêíáçå~ä=
ãÉ~ëìêÉë=ïÜÉêÉ=êÉëéçåÇÉåíë=~êÉ=~ëâÉÇ=~Äçìí=íÜÉáê=ëÜ~êÉ=çÑ=î~êáçìë=í~ëâë=êÉä~íáîÉ=íç=
íÜÉ=ëÜ~êÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=é~êíåÉê=EpÜÉäíçå=~åÇ=gçÜå=NVVSX=s~å=ÇÉê=iáééÉ=NVVUFK=h~ãç=EOMMMF=
ÑçìåÇ= íÜ~í=íÜÉ= ÄÉëí= Éëíáã~íÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= ïçêâ=ï~ë= íÜÉ= ÜìëÄ~åÇëÛ=
êÉä~íáîÉ=ëÜ~êÉI=ê~íÜÉê=íÜ~å=É~ÅÜ=é~êíåÉêÛë=~ÄëçäìíÉ=íáãÉK=h~ãçÛë=ÑáåÇáåÖ=áë=áå=äáåÉ=ïáíÜ=
íÜçëÉ=Ñêçã=çíÜÉê=ëíìÇáÉë=íÜ~í=ëÜçï=íÜ~í= éêçéçêíáçå~ä=ãÉ~ëìêÉë=~êÉ=ãçêÉ=ÉñíÉêå~ääó=
î~äáÇ=íÜ~å=~ÄëçäìíÉ=ãÉ~ëìêÉë=EÉKÖK=_ä~áê=~åÇ=iáÅÜíÉê=NVVNF=~åÇ=Ü~îÉ=íÜÉ=~Çî~åí~ÖÉ=çÑ=
ìëáåÖ= ~= ëáåÖäÉ= áåÇáÅ~íçê= Ä~ëÉÇ= çå= íÜÉ= íçí~ä= ~ãçìåí= çÑ= íáãÉ= ëéÉåí= çå= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= Äó=
ÄçíÜ=é~êíåÉêë=~åÇ=ÉëëÉåíá~ääó=ëí~åÇ~êÇáòÉë=Ñçê=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë=ÄÉíïÉÉå=ÅçìéäÉë=EmêÉëëÉê=
NVVQFK=få=íÜÉ=khmpI=éêçéçêíáçå~ä=ãÉ~ëìêÉë=Ñçê=íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=ïçêâI=ÅÜáäÇ=
Å~êÉ=~åÇ=Éãçíáçå=ïçêâ=ïÉêÉ=ìëÉÇK==
O
= qÜÉ= kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë= háåëÜáé= m~åÉä= píìÇó= áë= ÑìåÇÉÇ= Äó= Öê~åí= QUMJNMJMMV= Ñêçã= íÜÉ= j~àçê= fåîÉëíãÉåíë=
cìåÇ= çÑ= íÜÉ= kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë= lêÖ~åáò~íáçå= Ñçê= pÅáÉåíáÑáÅ= oÉëÉ~êÅÜ= EktlFI= ~åÇ= Äó= íÜÉ= kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë=
fåíÉêÇáëÅáéäáå~êó= aÉãçÖê~éÜáÅ= fåëíáíìíÉ= EkfafFI= ríêÉÅÜí= råáîÉêëáíóI= íÜÉ= råáîÉêëáíó= çÑ= ^ãëíÉêÇ~ã= ~åÇ=
qáäÄìêÖ=råáîÉêëáíóK=
OO=
=
NKQKO=lîÉêîáÉï=çÑ=íÜÉ=Äççâ=
cçìê=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëáñ=ÅÜ~éíÉêë=áå=íÜáë=Äççâ=~êÉ=ïêáííÉå=~ë=ëÉé~ê~íÉ=~êíáÅäÉëK=qÜÉ=ÑçÅìë=çÑ=íÜÉ=
Ñáêëí= çÑ= íÜÉ= Ñçìê= ÅÜ~éíÉêë= E`Ü~éíÉê= OF= áë= çå= íÜÉ= ãÉ~ëìêÉãÉåí= çÑ= íÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ=
ÜçìëÉïçêâK= qÜáë= ëÉÉãÉÇ= ~= äçÖáÅ~ä= ëíÉé= íç= ÄÉÖáå= ïáíÜ= ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ= íÜÉ= khmp= Ç~í~= ëÉí=
Åçåí~áåë=~åëïÉêë=çÑ=ÄçíÜ=é~êíåÉêë=çå=íÜÉ=ë~ãÉ=áíÉãë=êÉÖ~êÇáåÖ=íÜÉáê=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçå=íç=
íÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâK= eçïÉîÉêI= ÜìëÄ~åÇë= ~åÇ= ïáîÉë= Çç= åçí= ~äï~óë= ÖáîÉ= íÜÉ=
ë~ãÉ= ~åëïÉêë= çå= íÜÉ= ë~ãÉ= áíÉãK= qÜÉ= áåáíá~ä= èìÉëíáçå= Ñçê= íÜáë= ÅÜ~éíÉê= áë= íÜÉêÉÑçêÉW=
ïÜáÅÜ= ~åëïÉêë= ëÜçìäÇ= ïÉ= áåÅäìÇÉ= áå= çìê= ~å~äóëÉëW= íÜÉ= ~åëïÉêë= çÑ= ïáîÉëI= íÜÉ=
~åëïÉêë= çÑ= ÜìëÄ~åÇë= çê= ~=ÅçãÄáå~íáçå=çÑ= ÄçíÜ\=^= ëÉÅçåÇ= èìÉëíáçå=áë= Üçï= ïÉ= Å~å=
Éñéä~áå= êÉéçêí= ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅóI= ïÜáÅÜ= êÉëìäíÉÇ= áå= íÜÉ= ÑçääçïáåÖ= êÉëÉ~êÅÜ= èìÉëíáçå= Ñçê=
`Ü~éíÉê= OW= ÚtÜó= Çç= é~êíåÉêë= çÑíÉå= Ü~îÉ= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí= éÉêÅÉéíáçåë= çÑ= É~ÅÜ= çíÜÉêëÛ=
ÅçåíêáÄìíáçåë= íç= ÜçìëÉïçêâ\ÛK= oÉÅÉåí= ëíìÇáÉë= ëíêÉëë= íÜÉ= áãéçêí~åÅÉ= çÑ= ÅçåëáÇÉêáåÖ=
ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë= áå= ~åëïÉêë= ÄÉíïÉÉå= ÜìëÄ~åÇë= ~åÇ= ïáîÉë= ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ= áí= ã~ó= éêçîáÇÉ= ìë=
ïáíÜ= áÇÉ~ë= ~Äçìí= íÜÉ= Çóå~ãáÅë= ìåÇÉêäóáåÖ= íÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâK= qÜêÉÉ=
Éñéä~å~íáçåë= çÑ= êÉéçêí= ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅáÉë= ~êÉ= áåîÉëíáÖ~íÉÇW= íóéÉ= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= í~ëâI=
êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅë= ~åÇ= ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅë= çÑ= íÜÉ= é~êíåÉêëK= qÜÉ= Ç~í~= ~êÉ= çå=
ÅçìéäÉë=ïáíÜ=ÅÜáäÇêÉå=áå=íÜÉ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇK=
qÜÉ=åÉñí=íÜêÉÉ=ÅÜ~éíÉêë=áåÅäìÇÉ=~=ÇáëÅìëëáçå=çå=íÜÉ=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=~ééäáÅ~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=
íÜÉçêó=çÑ=ëçÅá~ä=ê~íáçå~äáíó=çå=é~êíåÉê=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéëK=`Ü~éíÉê=P=ÉñéäçêÉë=íÜÉ=íÜÉçêó=çÑ=
ëçÅá~ä=ê~íáçå~äáíó=áå=ÅçìéäÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéë=Ó=íÜÉ=ãÉÅÜ~åáëã=çÑ=ä~êÖÉ=~åÇ=ëã~ää=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=
Ó= Äó= ÇáëíáåÖìáëÜáåÖ= éçêí~ÄäÉ= ~åÇ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ= áåîÉëíãÉåíëK= mçêí~ÄäÉ=
áåîÉëíãÉåíë= ã~âÉ= é~êíåÉêë= ãçêÉ= áåÇÉéÉåÇÉåí= çÑ= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéK= oÉä~íáçåëÜáéJ
ëéÉÅáÑáÅ= áåîÉëíãÉåíë= ã~âÉ= é~êíåÉêë= ãçêÉ= áåíÉêÇÉéÉåÇÉåíK= pÉîÉê~ä= éçêí~ÄäÉ= ~åÇ=
êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ= áåîÉëíãÉåíë= ~êÉ= ÅçãÄáåÉÇ= áåíç= çåÉ= ä~íÉåí= Åä~ëë= ãçÇÉäK= qÜÉ=
ä~íÉåí=ÅçåëíêìÅí=ïÉ=ãÉ~ëìêÉ=áë=ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅÉ=áå=íÜÉ=ÅçìéäÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéK=qÜÉ=Ç~í~=~êÉ=
çå=ÅçìéäÉë=ïáíÜ=ÅÜáäÇêÉå=áå=íÜÉ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇK=^=ëâÉïÉÇ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=áë=çÑíÉå=
Éñéä~áåÉÇ= Äó= ~= éççê= åÉÖçíá~íáçå= éçëáíáçå= çÑ= ïçãÉåW= Äó= ~= ÅçêêÉä~íáçå= ÄÉíïÉÉå=
éçêí~ÄäÉ=áåîÉëíãÉåí=~åÇ=íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=ïçêâK=qÜÉ=ÅÉåíê~ä=èìÉëíáçå=áå=íÜáë=
ÅÜ~éíÉê= áë= ïÜÉíÜÉê= áí= áë= éä~ìëáÄäÉ= íç= ~ëëìãÉ= íÜ~í= íÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= ïçêâ= áë=
ÇêáîÉå= Äó= íÜÉ= ÇáëíêáÄìíáçå= çÑ= éçêí~ÄäÉ= êÉëçìêÅÉë= EáKÉK= Äó= åÉÖçíá~íáçå= éçïÉêFK= tÉ=
Åçãé~êÉ= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáîÉ= êÉëçìêÅÉ= Ä~êÖ~áåáåÖ= éÉêëéÉÅíáîÉ= ïáíÜ= íÜÉ= íÜÉçêó= çÑ= ëçÅá~ä=
ê~íáçå~äáíó=áå=íÜÉ=ÅçìéäÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéK==
`Ü~éíÉê= Q= ÑçÅìëÉë= çå= ~= åçí= ëç= ÑêÉèìÉåí= éÜÉåçãÉåçåW= íÜÉ= Éèì~ä= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ=
ÜçìëÉïçêâ=ÄÉíïÉÉå=ïçãÉå=~åÇ=ãÉåK=få=íÜáë=ÅÜ~éíÉê=íÜÉ=íÜÉçêó=çÑ=ëçÅá~ä=ê~íáçå~äáíó=
áå=ÅçìéäÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéë=Ó=íÜÉ=ãÉÅÜ~åáëã=çÑ=ä~êÖÉ=~åÇ=ëã~ää=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=Ó=áë=áåíêçÇìÅÉÇ=
áå= ~= Äêç~ÇÉê= ëéÉÅíêìã= çÑ= Éñéä~å~íáçåëK= qÜÉ= èìÉëíáçå= ~ÇÇêÉëëÉÇ= áå= íÜáë= ÅÜ~éíÉê= áë=
ÚtÜ~í=Éñéä~áåë=~å=Éèì~ä=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ\Û=çêI=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=éÉêëéÉÅíáîÉ=çÑ=~=ëçÅá~ä=
OP=
ê~íáçå~äáíó= ~ééêç~ÅÜW= Üçï= Å~å= íÜÉ= ãÉÅÜ~åáëã= çÑ= ä~êÖÉ= ~åÇ= ëã~ää= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= ÄÉ=
~îçáÇÉÇ= áå= ëìÅÜ= ~= ï~ó= íÜ~í= áåÉèì~äáíó= áå= íÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= áë= åçí= í~âáåÖ=
éä~ÅÉ\= _ó= áåîÉëíáÖ~íáåÖ= ~îçáÇ~åÅÉ= çÑ= áåÉèì~äáíó= áå= íÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= ïÉ=
ãáÖÜí= ÄÉ= ~ÄäÉ= íç= ë~ó= ëçãÉíÜáåÖ= ~Äçìí= íÜÉ= é~êíåÉêëÛ= ÇÉäáÄÉê~íÉåÉëë= êÉÖ~êÇáåÖ= íÜÉ=
ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåí= çÑ= íÜáë= ÇáîáëáçåK= qÜÉ= ÇÉéÉåÇÉåí= î~êá~ÄäÉ= EíÜÉ= êÉä~íáîÉ= ëÜ~êÉ= áå= íÜêÉÉ=
ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=í~ëâëF=Åçåëáëíë=çÑ=íïç=ÖêçìéëW=çåÉ=ïÜÉêÉ=íÜÉ=ïçã~å=ÇçÉë=ãçêÉ=íÜ~å=íÜÉ=
ã~å=~åÇ=çåÉ=ïÜÉêÉ=íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=í~ëâë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅçìéäÉ=áë=E~äãçëíF=Éèì~äK==
=
fÑ=ÄáÖ=~åÇ=ëã~ää=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=ÅêÉ~íÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=âáåÇë=çÑ=áåîÉëíãÉåíë=Ñçê=ÜìëÄ~åÇë=
~åÇ= ïáîÉëI= íÜÉå= íÜÉ= ÅçåÇáíáçåë= çå= ïÜáÅÜ= ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëë= ÇÉéÉåÇë= ëÜçìäÇ= ~äëç=
ÇáÑÑÉê=Ñçê=ÜìëÄ~åÇë=~åÇ=ïáîÉëK=`Ü~éíÉê=R=~ÇÇêÉëëÉë=íÜÉ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåí=çÑ=ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅÉ=
é~ííÉêåë= íÜêçìÖÜ= ~ää= ëí~ÖÉë= çÑ= íÜÉ= äáÑÉ= ÅçìêëÉ= ~åÇ= Éñ~ãáåÉë= íÜÉáê= áãé~Åí= çå= íÜÉ=
ÇÉíÉêãáå~åíë= çÑ= ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëëK= _ÉÅ~ìëÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= ãÉÅÜ~åáëã= çÑ= ëã~ää= ÇÉÅáëáçåëI=
íÜÉ=~ëóããÉíêó=áå=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ=áåîÉëíãÉåí=çÑ=íÜÉ=ïçã~å=ïáää=Öêçï=çîÉê=íáãÉI=
êÉ~ÅÜáåÖ= áíë= ÜáÖÜ= ïÜÉå= íÜÉ= Éãéíó= åÉëí= ëí~ÖÉ= ÄÉÖáåëK= fë= áí= íêìÉ= íÜÉå= íÜ~í= ã~êáí~ä=
Ü~ééáåÉëë= Ñçê= ÜÉê= ïáää= ÇÉéÉåÇ= ãçêÉ= çå= ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅë= çÑ= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= íÜ~å= íÜÉ=
ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëë= çÑ= ÜÉê= ÜìëÄ~åÇ\= jçëí=ëíìÇáÉë= çå= íÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå=çÑ= é~áÇ= ~åÇ= ìåé~áÇ=
ïçêâ= ÄÉíïÉÉå= é~êíåÉêë= ÑçÅìë= çå= É~êäó= ëí~ÖÉë= áå= íÜÉ= Ñ~ãáäó= äáÑÉ= ÅóÅäÉW= íÜÉ= ëí~ÖÉë= çÑ=
éêÉJé~êÉåíÜççÇ= ~åÇ= ÅÜáäÇ= êÉ~êáåÖI= ëáåÅÉ= áí= áë= áå= íÜÉëÉ= ëí~ÖÉë= Ó= ~åÇ= áå= íÜÉ= íê~åëáíáçå=
Ñêçã=íÜÉ=ÑçêãÉê=íç=íÜÉ=ä~ííÉê=Ó=íÜ~í=ÖÉåÇÉê=áåÉèì~äáíó=áë=ÉñéÉÅíÉÇ=íç=ÅçãÉ=~ÄçìíK=få=
íÜáë= ÅÜ~éíÉê= Ñçìê= ëí~ÖÉë= çÑ= íÜÉ= äáÑÉ= ÅçìêëÉ= ~êÉ= ÇáëíáåÖìáëÜÉÇW= éêÉJé~êÉåí~äI= ÅÜáäÇJ
êÉ~êáåÖI=Éãéíó=åÉëí=~åÇ=êÉíáêÉãÉåíK=qÜÉ=èìÉëíáçåë=~ÇÇêÉëëÉÇ=áå=íÜáë=ÅÜ~éíÉê=~êÉW=Úaç=
íÜÉ= ÇÉíÉêãáå~åíë= çÑ= ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëë= çÑ= ïçãÉå= ~åÇ= ãÉå= ÇáÑÑÉê= Äó= äáÑÉ= ÅçìêëÉ=
ëí~ÖÉ\=eçï=Å~å=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë=ÄÉíïÉÉå=ïçãÉå=~åÇ=ãÉå=ÄÉ=Éñéä~áåÉÇ\==
=
`Ü~éíÉê= S= ëìãã~êáòÉë= íÜÉ= ã~áå= ÑáåÇáåÖë= çÑ= íÜáë= ëíìÇóK= `çåÅäìëáçåë= ~åÇ=
áãéäáÅ~íáçåë=çÑ=íÜáë=ëíìÇó=~êÉ=ÇáëÅìëëÉÇ=ÜÉêÉK=
OQ=
=
=
`Ü~éíÉê=O=
=
=
=
aáëÅêÉé~åÅáÉë=áå=ïçãÉåÛë=~åÇ=ãÉåÛë=êÉéçêíë=
çå=íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
^Äëíê~Åí=
få= íÜÉ= kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë= háåëÜáé= m~åÉä= píìÇó= EkhmpI= OMMRFI= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáîÉ= ëÜ~êÉ= çÑ= ÄçíÜ=
é~êíåÉêë=çå=î~êáçìë=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=í~ëâë=Ó=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=ïçêâI=ÅÜáäÇ=Å~êÉ=~åÇ=Éãçíáçå=ïçêâ=
Ó=áë=êÉéçêíÉÇ=Äó=ÄçíÜ=é~êíåÉêëK=oÉÅÉåí=ëíìÇáÉë=ëíêÉëë=íÜÉ=áãéçêí~åÅÉ=çÑ=ÅçåëáÇÉêáåÖ=
ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë= áå= ~åëïÉêë= ÄÉíïÉÉå= ÜìëÄ~åÇë= ~åÇ= ïáîÉëI= Äìí= Éñéä~å~íáçåë= ~êÉ= ê~êÉK=
qÜêÉÉ= Éñéä~å~íáçåë= çÑ= êÉéçêí= ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅáÉë= ~êÉ= áåîÉëíáÖ~íÉÇW= íÜÉ= íóéÉ= çÑ= í~ëâI=
êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅë=~åÇ=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅë=çÑ=íÜÉ=é~êíåÉêëK=qÜÉ=ÚäÉëë=èì~åíáÑá~ÄäÉÛ=
Éãçíáçå= ïçêâ= ëÜçïë= ÅçåëáÇÉê~Ääó= ëã~ääÉê= ÅçêêÉä~íáçåë= ÄÉíïÉÉå= íÜÉ= ~åëïÉêë= çÑ=
ÜìëÄ~åÇë=~åÇ=ïáîÉë=Åçãé~êÉÇ=íç=íÜÉ=ÚÄÉííÉê=èì~åíáÑá~ÄäÉÛ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=ïçêâ=~åÇ=ÅÜáäÇ=
Å~êÉK= oÉä~íáçåëÜáé= èì~äáíó= áë= íÜÉ= ëíêçåÖÉëí= éêÉÇáÅíçê= çÑ= çîÉêÉëíáã~íáçåW= é~êíåÉêë=
çîÉêÉëíáã~íÉ= íÜÉ= çíÜÉêÛë= ÅçåíêáÄìíáçå= ïÜÉå= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= èì~äáíó= áë= ÜáÖÜÉêK= táîÉë=
çîÉêÉëíáã~íÉ=íÜÉáê=çïå=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçåë=çå=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=í~ëâë=áå=ÅçìéäÉë=ïÜÉêÉ=íÜÉ=ïáÑÉ=
Ü~ë=~=ëã~ää=àçÄK=
`Ü~éíÉê=O=
=
=
=
aáëÅêÉé~åÅáÉë=áå=ïçãÉåÛë=~åÇ=ãÉåÛë=êÉéçêíë=çå=íÜÉ==
P
Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ ==
=
=
OKN=fåíêçÇìÅíáçå=
=
qÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= áë= ~= íçéáÅ= íÜ~í= Ü~ë= Ö~áåÉÇ= ãìÅÜ= ~ííÉåíáçå= áå= Ñ~ãáäó=
ëçÅáçäçÖó= áå= íÜÉ= é~ëí= ÑÉï= ÇÉÅ~ÇÉëK= dáîÉå= íÜ~í= ïçãÉå= Ü~îÉ= ÉåíÉêÉÇ= íÜÉ= ä~Äçìê=
ã~êâÉí= ~ÑíÉê= ~= ÅçåëáÇÉê~ÄäÉ= éÉêáçÇ= çÑ= ëéÉÅá~äáò~íáçå= áå= íÜÉ= ÇçãÉëíáÅ= ëéÜÉêÉI= ã~åó=
ÉñéÉÅíÉÇ=ãÉå=íç=Çç=ãçêÉ=~í=ÜçãÉK=eçïÉîÉêI=êÉëÉ~êÅÜ=ëÜçïë=íÜ~í=ãÉå=~êÉ=ÇçáåÖ=
çåäó=ëçãÉïÜ~í=ãçêÉ=íÜ~å=éêÉîáçìëäóW=Üáë=~åÇ=ÜÉê=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçåë=~êÉ=ãçêÉ=Éèìáí~ÄäÉ=
åçï~Ç~óë=ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ=ïçãÉå=~êÉ=ÇçáåÖ=äÉëë=EpÜÉäíçå=~åÇ=gçÜåI=NVVSX=_á~åÅÜáI=jáäâáÉI=
p~óÉêI=~åÇ=oçÄáåëçåI= OMMMX= Ñçê=íÜÉ=kÉíÜÉêä~åÇëW=p`mI= OMMOFK=qÜÉ=ãÉ~ëìêÉãÉåí=çÑ=
ãÉåÛë= ~åÇ= ïçãÉåÛë= ÅçåíêáÄìíáçåë= íç= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= í~ëâë= áë= ~= ÅÉåíê~ä= áëëìÉ= áå= íÜáë=
ÇÉÄ~íÉ=EpÜÉäíçå=~åÇ=gçÜåI=NVVSX=s~å=ÇÉê=iáééÉI=NVVUX=h~ãçI=OMMMX=iÉÉ=~åÇ=t~áíÉI=
OMMRFK==
cçê= ~= äçåÖ= íáãÉI= êÉëÉ~êÅÜ= êÉÖ~êÇáåÖ= íÜÉ= ã~êáí~ä= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= ï~ë= Ä~ëÉÇ= çå=
ïáîÉëÛ= êÉéçêíë= çåäóK= pí~êíáåÖ= áå= íÜÉ= ä~íÉ= NVSMëI= ëÅÜçä~êë= ëí~êíÉÇ= íç= ëíêÉëë= íÜÉ=
åÉÅÉëëáíó= çÑ=Ö~íÜÉêáåÖ=áåÑçêã~íáçå=Ñêçã= ÄçíÜ=ÜìëÄ~åÇ=~åÇ=ïáÑÉ=Ep~ÑáäáçëJoçíÜëÅÜáäÇI=
NVSVX= qÜçãéëçå= ~åÇ= t~äâÉêI= NVUOX= jçåêçÉI= _çâÉãÉáÉêI= hçíÅÜÉåI= ~åÇ= jÅhÉ~åI=
NVURFK=kçï~Ç~óëI=áí=áë=Åçããçå=éê~ÅíáÅÉ=íÜ~í=ÄçíÜ=é~êíåÉêë=êÉéçêí=çå=íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=
ÜçìëÉïçêâ= EpÜÉäíçå= ~åÇ= gçÜåI= NVVSX= s~å= ÇÉê= iáééÉI= NVVUFI= Äìí= íÜÉáê= îáÉïë= Å~å= ÄÉ=
èìáíÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=EaÉìíëÅÜI=içòóI=~åÇ=p~ñçåI=NVVPX=h~ãçI=OMMMFK=^äíÜçìÖÜ=çåÉ=ëÉäÇçã=
Å~å=ë~ó=ïÜáÅÜ=é~êíåÉê=éêçîáÇÉë=íÜÉ=ÚêáÖÜíÛ=~åëïÉêI=íÜÉ=ÄÉåÉÑáí=çÑ=Åçãé~êáåÖ=~åëïÉêë=
áë= íÜ~í= ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅáÉë= Å~å= éêçîáÇÉ= ìë= ïáíÜ= áÇÉ~ë= ~Äçìí= íÜÉ= Çóå~ãáÅë= ìåÇÉêäóáåÖ= íÜÉ=
Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ä~Äçê= ~åÇ= áåÅêÉ~ëÉ= çìê= ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ= çÑ= íÜÉ= ÜìëÄ~åÇJïáÑÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=
Ep~ÑáäáçëJoçíÜëÅÜáäÇI=NVSVFK==
qÜÉ= ~áã= çÑ= íÜáë= ëíìÇó= áë= íç= äççâ= ãçêÉ= ÅäçëÉäó= ~í= íÜÉ= ãÉÅÜ~åáëãë= ìåÇÉêäóáåÖ=
íÜÉ= ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅó= áå= ~åëïÉêë= çÑ= ÜìëÄ~åÇë= ~åÇ= ïáîÉë= çå= íÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâK=
aáëÅêÉé~åÅáÉë= Å~å= ÄÉ= íÜÉ= êÉëìäí= çÑ= ê~åÇçã= çê= ëóëíÉã~íáÅ= ãÉ~ëìêÉãÉåí= ÉêêçêI= ~åÇ=
íÉåÇ=íç=ÇÉéÉåÇ=çå=íÜÉ=áëëìÉ=ìåÇÉê=ÅçåëáÇÉê~íáçå=EpÅáåçî~Åë=~åÇ=bÖäÉóI=NVVRFK=pçãÉ=
çÑ= íÜÉ= ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅáÉë= ãáÖÜí= ÄÉ= íÜÉ= éêçÇìÅí= çÑ= ÇáÑÑáÅìäíáÉë= áå= âÉÉéáåÖ= íê~Åâ= çÑ= çåÉÛë=
P
=qÜáë=ÅÜ~éíÉê=áë=ÅçJ~ìíÜçêÉÇ=Äó=mÉ~êä=aóâëíê~=~åÇ=qêìÇáÉ=håáàå=~åÇ=Ü~ë=ÄÉÉå=ëìÄãáííÉÇ=Ñçê=éìÄäáÅ~íáçå=
áå=~å=áåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=àçìêå~äK=
OT=
çïå=~åÇ=íÜÉ=çíÜÉêÛë=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçåK=_ìí=íÜÉåI=ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅáÉë=ãáÖÜí=~äëç=ÄÉ=íÜÉ=êÉëìäí=çÑ=
ÑÉÉäáåÖë= çÑ= áåÉèìáíó= çê= ìåÑ~áêåÉëë= êÉÖ~êÇáåÖ= íÜÉ= ÇáëíêáÄìíáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= í~ëâë=
Eh~ãçI= OMMMFK= jçêÉ= çê= äÉëë= ÅçåëÅáçìë= Çáëíçêíáçåë= çÑ= êÉ~äáíó= ãáÖÜí= ~êáëÉ= ïÜÉå= íÜÉ=
Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= ÇáÑÑÉêë= ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åíäó= Ñêçã= áÇÉ~äë= ~åÇ= ÉñéÉÅí~íáçåëI= çê= ïÜÉå= áí=
Åçåíê~ëíë=ïáíÜ=ëçÅáÉí~ä=åçêãëK==
dÉåÉê~ääóI=ëÅÜçä~êë=ÑáåÇ=íÜ~í=ÄçíÜ=ÜìëÄ~åÇë=~åÇ=ïáîÉë=çîÉêÉëíáã~íÉ=íÜÉáê=çïå=
ÅçåíêáÄìíáçå=EaÉìíëÅÜI=içòó=~åÇ=p~ñçåI=NVVPX=h~ãçI=OMMMX=j~êáåá=~åÇ=pÜÉäíçåI=NVVPX=
pÜÉäíçå= ~åÇ= gçÜåI= NVVSX= s~å=ÇÉê= iáééÉI= NVVUFK= iÉÉ= ~åÇ= t~áíÉÛë= EOMMRF=ÅçåÅäìëáçåë=
~êÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåíK=qÜÉó=ëìÖÖÉëí=íÜ~í=ÄçíÜ=ïáîÉë=~åÇ=ÜìëÄ~åÇë=ëìÄëí~åíá~ääó=çîÉêÉëíáã~íÉ=
íÜÉ= ~ãçìåí= çÑ= íáãÉ= ïáîÉë= ëéÉåÇ= çå= ÜçìëÉïçêâI= Äìí= íÜ~í= ÜìëÄ~åÇë= ~äëç=
çîÉêÉëíáã~íÉ=íÜÉáê=çïå=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçåK=`áíáåÖ=eçÅÜëÅÜáäÇ=ENVUVFI=iÉÉ=~åÇ=t~áíÉ=~êÖìÉ=
íÜ~í=IqÜÉëÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=éÉêÅÉéíáçåë=çÑ=É~ÅÜ=é~êíåÉêÛë=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçå=ã~ó=äÉ~Ç=íç=ã~êáí~ä=
ÅçåÑäáÅíKÒ=EéK=PPPFK==
qÜçìÖÜ= êÉÅÉåí= ëíìÇáÉë= ëíêÉëë= íÜÉ= áãéçêí~åÅÉ= çÑ= ÅçåëáÇÉêáåÖ= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë= áå=
~åëïÉêë=ÄÉíïÉÉå=ÜìëÄ~åÇë=~åÇ=ïáîÉëI=Éñéä~å~íáçåë=~êÉ=ê~êÉK=tÜó=Çç=ÜìëÄ~åÇë=~åÇ=
ïáîÉë=çÑíÉå=Ü~îÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=éÉêÅÉéíáçåë=çÑ=É~ÅÜ=çíÜÉêëÛ=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçåë=íç=ÜçìëÉïçêâ\=
qÜÉ=ÑçÅìë=çÑ=íÜáë=~êíáÅäÉ=áë=çå=íÜÉ=ÜìëÄ~åÇJïáÑÉ= Çó~ÇW=Ñçê=~ää=ÅçìéäÉë=íÜÉ=ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅó=
áå= ~åëïÉêë= çÑ= ÜìëÄ~åÇ= ~åÇ= ïáÑÉ= çå= î~êáçìë= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= í~ëâë= áë= ÇÉÑáåÉÇ= ~åÇ=
ÜóéçíÜÉëÉë= ~Äçìí= ëçìêÅÉë= çÑ= êÉéçêí= ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅó= ~êÉ= íÉëíÉÇK= qÜêÉÉ= éçíÉåíá~ä=
Éñéä~å~íáçåë= çÑ= êÉéçêí= ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅáÉë= ~êÉ= áåîÉëíáÖ~íÉÇW= íóéÉ= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= í~ëâI=
êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅëI=~åÇ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë=ÄÉíïÉÉå=é~êíåÉêëK=q~ÄäÉ=OKN=éêçîáÇÉë=~å=
çîÉêîáÉï=çÑ=çìê=ÜóéçíÜÉëÉë=~åÇ=íÜÉ=ìåÇÉêäóáåÖ=ãÉÅÜ~åáëãëK=
=
=
OU=
q~ÄäÉ=OKN=
=
lîÉêîáÉï=çÑ=ëçìêÅÉë=çÑ=ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅóI=áåÇáÅ~íçêëI=ãÉÅÜ~åáëãë=~åÇ=ÜóéçíÜÉëÉë=
=
pçìêÅÉ=çÑ=ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅó=
fåÇáÅ~íçê=
jÉÅÜ~åáëã=
NK=qóéÉ=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=í~ëâ=
bãçíáçå=ïçêâ=îÉêëìë=
nì~åíáÑá~Äáäáíó=
çíÜÉê=Ñçêãë=çÑ=
ÜçìëÉïçêâ=
OK=oÉä~íáçåëÜáé=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅë=
b~êåÉê=íóéÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=
`ä~êáíó=çÑ=åçêã~íáîÉ=
Ñ~ãáäó=
éêÉëÅêáéíáçåë=EÄêÉ~ÇïáååÉêëF=
~åÇ=êÉëÉåíãÉåí=çÑ=ïçêâáåÖ=
ïçãÉå=E~ää=çíÜÉê=íóéÉëF=
=
oÉä~íáçåëÜáé=èì~äáíó=
ImçëáíáîÉ=áääìëáçåëÒ=Eçê=
åÉÖ~íáîÉ=ëÉåíáãÉåíëF=
=
oÉä~íáçåëÜáé=Çìê~íáçå=
=
oÉä~íáçåëÜáé=ëí~íìë=
PK=aáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë=ÄÉíïÉÉå=é~êíåÉêë= få=ÖÉåÇÉê=êçäÉ=~ííáíìÇÉ=
=
få=ÉÇìÅ~íáçå~ä=
~íí~áåãÉåí=
=
få=äáÑÉëíóäÉ=
=
eóéçíÜÉëáë=
eìëÄ~åÇëÛ=~åÇ=ïáîÉëÛ=êÉéçêíë=çå=Éãçíáçå=ïçêâ=
~êÉ=äÉëë=ëíêçåÖäó=ÅçêêÉä~íÉÇ=íÜ~å=íÜÉó=~êÉ=çå=çíÜÉê=
Ñçêãë=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâK=
eìëÄ~åÇëÛ=~åÇ=ïáîÉëÛ=êÉéçêíë=áå=ÄêÉ~ÇïáååÉê=
Ñ~ãáäáÉë=ëÜçï=ÑÉïÉê=ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅáÉë=íÜ~å=áå=çíÜÉê=
íóéÉë=çÑ=Ñ~ãáäáÉëK=tçêâáåÖ=ïáîÉë=çîÉêÉëíáã~íÉ=
íÜÉáê=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçå=íÜÉ=ãçêÉ=Üçìêë=íÜÉó=ïçêâK==
eìëÄ~åÇë=~åÇ=ïáîÉë=çîÉêÉëíáã~íÉ=íÜÉáê=é~êíåÉêÛë=
ÅçåíêáÄìíáçå=íç=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=ïÜÉå=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=
èì~äáíó=áë=ÜáÖÜI=~åÇ=ìåÇÉêÉëíáã~íÉ=ïÜÉå=
êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=èì~äáíó=áë=äçïK===
håçïäÉÇÖÉ=~Äçìí=íÜÉ=é~êíåÉê= qÜÉ=äçåÖÉê=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=Çìê~íáçåI=íÜÉ=äÉëë=
ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅó=áå=êÉéçêíë=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=í~ëâëK==
bèìáíó=ã~ííÉêë=ãçêÉ=áå=
eìëÄ~åÇëÛ=~åÇ=ïáîÉëÛ=êÉéçêíë=áå=ÅçÜ~ÄáíáåÖ=
ÅçÜ~ÄáíáåÖ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéë=íÜ~å= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéë=ëÜçï=ãçêÉ=ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅáÉë=íÜ~å=áå=
áå=ã~êêáÉÇ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéë=
ã~êêáÉÇ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéëK==
píêáîáåÖ=íçï~êÇë=Éèìáíó=
qÜçëÉ=ïÜç=Ü~îÉ=ãçêÉ=ÉÖ~äáí~êá~å=~ííáíìÇÉë=íÜ~å=
íÜÉáê=ëéçìëÉ=çîÉêÉëíáã~íÉ=íÜÉ=ÜìëÄ~åÇÛë=
ÅçåíêáÄìíáçå=íç=ÜçìëÉïçêâK=
píêáîáåÖ=íçï~êÇë=Éèìáíó=
qÜçëÉ=ïÜç=~êÉ=ãçêÉ=ÜáÖÜäó=ÉÇìÅ~íÉÇ=íÜ~å=íÜÉáê=
ëéçìëÉ=çîÉêÉëíáã~íÉ=íÜÉ=ÜìëÄ~åÇÛë=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçå=
íç=ÜçìëÉïçêâK=
håçïäÉÇÖÉ=~Äçìí=íÜÉ=é~êíåÉê= aáëÅêÉé~åÅáÉë=~êÉ=ÖêÉ~íÉê=áå=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéë=ïÜÉêÉ=
é~êíåÉêë=ãçêÉ=çÑíÉå=ÉåÖ~ÖÉ=áå=ëçÅá~ä=~ÅíáîáíáÉë=çå=
íÜÉáê=çïå=íÜ~å=íÜÉáê=é~êíåÉêë=Çç=íÜ~å=áå=
êÉä~íáçåëÜáéë=ïÜÉêÉ=é~êíåÉêë=íÉåÇ=íç=ÉåÖ~ÖÉ=áå=
ëçÅá~ä=~ÅíáîáíáÉë=íçÖÉíÜÉêK=
OKO=eóéçíÜÉëÉë=
=
OKOKN=qóéÉ=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=í~ëâ=
eçìëÉïçêâ= ãçëí= çÑíÉå= êÉÑÉêë= íç= ìåé~áÇ= ïçêâ= ÇçåÉ= íç= ã~áåí~áå= Ñ~ãáäó= ãÉãÄÉêë=
~åÇLçê=~=ÜçãÉK=`ÜáäÇÅ~êÉ=áë=ëçãÉíáãÉë=áåÅäìÇÉÇ=~åÇ=ëçãÉ=ëÅÜçä~êë=ÉãéÜ~ëáòÉ=íÜÉ=
áãéçêí~åÅÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= ãçêÉ= ÚáåîáëáÄäÉÛ= ïçêâ= ~ë= ÄÉáåÖ= é~êí= çÑ= íÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ=
EeçÅÜëÅÜáäÇI= NVUVX= qÜçãéëçåI= NVVNX= bêáÅâëçåI= NVVPX= i~ëëäÉíI= NVVPX= pÜÉäíçå= ~åÇ=
gçÜåI=NVVSX=oáëã~å=~åÇ=gçÜåëçåJpìãÉêÑçêÇI=NVVUX=`çäíê~åÉI=OMMMFK=_ÉóçåÇ=éÜóëáÅ~ä=
í~ëâëI= ëçãÉçåÉ= ãìëí= Çç= íÜÉ= ~ííÉåíáîÉ= ~åÇ= ÅççêÇáå~íáîÉ= ïçêâI= ëìÅÜ= ~ë= ã~å~ÖáåÖ=
Éãçíáçåë= ~åÇ= íÉåëáçåëI= ëìëí~áåáåÖ= ÅçåîÉêë~íáçå= ~åÇ= ÅêÉ~íáåÖ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéëI= âÉÉéáåÖ=
âáå= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéëI= ~åÇ= ëç= ÑçêíÜ= áÑ= íÜÉ= Ñ~ãáäó= áë= íç= ëìêîáîÉK= qÜÉëÉ= âáåÇë= çÑ= í~ëâë= ~êÉ=
çÑíÉå=êÉÑÉêêÉÇ=íç=~ë=Éãçíáçå=ïçêâ=çê=Ñ~ãáäó=ïçêâK=
^ÅÅçêÇáåÖ= íç= pòáåçî~Åë= ~åÇ= bÖäÉó= ENVVRF= èìÉëíáçåë= ~Äçìí= êÉä~íáîÉäó= çÄàÉÅíáîÉ=
ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅë= EÉKÖK= ÇÉãçÖê~éÜáÅ= Ä~ÅâÖêçìåÇF= ëÜçï= äÉëë= ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅó= íÜ~å= íÜçëÉ=
~Äçìí=ãçêÉ= ëìÄàÉÅíáîÉ= áëëìÉëK= tÉ= ÉñéÉÅí= íÜ~í= Éãçíáçå= ïçêâ= áë=~= ÇáãÉåëáçå= çÑ= íÜÉ=
Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=íÜ~í=áë=ãçêÉ=ÇáÑÑáÅìäí=íç=âÉÉé=íê~Åâ=çÑ=íÜ~å=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=ïçêâ=~åÇ=
ÅÜáäÇ=Å~êÉK=få=íÜáë=~êíáÅäÉ=ÚÉãçíáçå=ïçêâÛ=êÉÑÉêë=íç=í~ëâë=ëìÅÜ=~ë=ÖáîáåÖ=~ÇîáÅÉ=íç=çåÉÛë=
é~êíåÉê= çê= ëÜçïáåÖ= áåíÉêÉëí= áå= íÜÉ= éÉêëçå~ä= äáÑÉ= çÑ= çåÉÛë= é~êíåÉêK= pìÅÜ= íçâÉåë= çÑ=
ÅçåÅÉêå=~êÉ=äáâÉäó=íç=ÄÉ=äÉëë=ïÉää=èì~åíáÑá~ÄäÉ=íÜ~å=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=ÅÜçêÉë=~åÇ=Å~êáåÖ=Ñçê=
ÅÜáäÇêÉåK= få= ~ÇÇáíáçåI= Éãçíáçå= ïçêâ= áë= äáâÉäó= åçí= íç= ÄÉ= ëìÄàÉÅíáîÉäó= ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉÇ= ~ë=
ÉÑÑçêíÑìä= ~åÇ= íÜìë= åçí= åçíáÅÉÇ= áå= íÜÉ= ÉÅçåçãó= çÑ= Ñ~ãáäó= ä~Äçìê= EqÜçãéëçåI= NVVNX=
aÉs~ìäíI=NVVNFK==
aìÉ= íç= ÇáÑÑáÅìäíáÉë= çÑ= èì~åíáÑá~ÄáäáíóI= ïÉ= ÉñéÉÅí= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáîÉ= ÅçåíêáÄìíáçåë= çÑ=
ÜìëÄ~åÇë= ~åÇ= ïáîÉë= íç= Éãçíáçå= ïçêâ= íç= ÄÉ= äÉëë= ïÉää= âåçïå= íç= íÜÉ= é~êíåÉêëK= ^=
ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅó=áë=äáâÉäó=íç=ÄÉ=èìáíÉ=ê~åÇçãK=cçê=íÜ~í=êÉ~ëçå=ïÉ=ÉñéÉÅí=íÜ~íW=ÜìëÄ~åÇëÛ=
~åÇ=ïáîÉëÛ=êÉéçêíë=çÑ=íÜÉáê=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçåë=íç=Éãçíáçå=ïçêâ=~êÉ=äÉëë=ëíêçåÖäó=ÅçêêÉä~íÉÇ=
íÜ~å=íÜÉó=~êÉ=çå=çíÜÉê=Ñçêãë=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=Eevmlqebpfp=NFK=
=
OKOKO=oÉä~íáçåëÜáé=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅë=
jçêÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=~Äçìí=íÜÉ=Çóå~ãáÅë=ìåÇÉêäóáåÖ=íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=ãáÖÜí=
ÄÉ=Ö~áåÉÇ=Äó=äççâáåÖ=~í=î~êáçìë=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅëK=jçêÉçîÉêI=áÑ=ïÉ=ï~åí=íç=
áåÅêÉ~ëÉ= çìê=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=å~íìêÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ= ÜìëÄ~åÇJïáÑÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=ïÉ=åÉÉÇ=
íç=áåÅäìÇÉ=î~êá~ÄäÉë=íÜ~í=Ü~îÉ=ÄÉÉå=ãÉ~ëìêÉÇ=Ñçê=ÄçíÜ=é~êíåÉêëK==
b~êåÉê= íóéÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= Ñ~ãáäóK= låÉ= çÑ= íÜÉëÉ= î~êá~ÄäÉë= áë= íÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= é~áÇ= ~åÇ=
ìåé~áÇ= ïçêâ= EíÜÉ= É~êåÉê= íóéÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= Ñ~ãáäóFW= ïÜÉíÜÉê= íÜÉ= ÅçìéäÉ= Ü~ë= ëéÉÅá~äáòÉÇ= áå=
ÇáîáÇáåÖ= é~áÇ= ~åÇ= ìåé~áÇ= ïçêâ= EÄêÉ~ÇïáååÉê= Ñ~ãáäóFI= ïÜÉíÜÉê= ïáîÉë= ïçêâ= é~êíJíáãÉ=
~åÇ= íÜÉ= ÜìëÄ~åÇ= ÑìääJíáãÉ= EçåÉJ~åÇJ~JÜ~äÑ= É~êåÉê= íóéÉ= Ñ~ãáäáÉëFI= ïÜÉíÜÉê= ÄçíÜ= ïçêâ=
PM=
ÑìääJíáãÉ= EÇì~ä= É~êåÉê= íóéÉ= Ñ~ãáäáÉëF= çê= ïÜÉíÜÉê= ÜìëÄ~åÇë= ïçêâ= äÉëë= íÜ~å= ÑìääJíáãÉ=
EçíÜÉêëFK=h~ãç=EOMMMF=~êÖìÉë=íÜ~í=ïÜÉå=éÉçéäÉ=ÑÉÉä=íÜ~í=íÜÉó=ÅçåíêáÄìíÉ=ãçêÉ=íç=íÜÉ=
êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= íÜ~å= íÜÉáê= é~êíåÉêI= íÜÉó= ã~ó= ÖáîÉ= êÉä~íáîÉäó= ãçêÉ= ÅêÉÇáí= íç= íÜÉãëÉäîÉë=
ÇìÉ= íç= êÉëÉåíãÉåíK= qÜáë= ãáÖÜí= ÉëéÉÅá~ääó= ÜçäÇ= Ñçê= ïçãÉå= áå= çåÉJ~åÇJ~JÜ~äÑ= É~êåÉê=
íóéÉ= Ñ~ãáäáÉë= ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ= çÑ= ~å= áãéäáÅáí= ÉñéÉÅí~íáçå= íç= Çç= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= ÇìêáåÖ= íÜÉ= Üçìêë=
íÜÉó=Çç=åçí=ëéÉåÇ=çå=é~áÇ=ïçêâK=qÜÉëÉ=ïçãÉå=ÇçI=ÜçïÉîÉêI=Ü~îÉ=~=àçÄ=ïáíÜ=êÉä~íÉÇ=
êÉëéçåëáÄáäáíáÉë= ~åÇ= ÅÜ~ääÉåÖÉëI= ïÜáÅÜ= åÉÉÇ= íç= ÄÉ= ~ííÉåÇÉÇ= íçK= qÜáë= ÇçìÄäÉ= äç~Ç=
ãáÖÜí=äÉ~Ç=íç=ÅçåëáÇÉê~ÄäÉ=íáãÉ=éêÉëëìêÉ=çå=íÜÉ=ëáÇÉ=çÑ=íÜÉëÉ=ïçãÉå=~åÇ=ÑÉÉäáåÖë=
çÑ=êÉëÉåíãÉåíK=aì~ä=É~êåÉê=íóéÉ=Ñ~ãáäáÉëI=ïÜÉêÉ=ÄçíÜ=é~êíåÉêë=ïçêâ=ÑìääJíáãÉI=ãáÖÜí=
Ü~îÉ= ~êê~åÖÉÇ= Ñ~ÅáäáíáÉë= áå= íÜÉ= ëéÜÉêÉ= çÑ= çìíëçìêÅáåÖ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= ~åÇ= ÅÜáäÇ= Å~êÉ= EaÉ=
oìáàíÉêI=OMMRFK=tçãÉå=áå=íÜÉëÉ=Ñ~ãáäáÉë=ãáÖÜí=íÜÉêÉÑçêÉ=ÑÉÉä=äÉëë=íáãÉ=éêÉëëìêÉ=~åÇ=
äÉëë= êÉëÉåíãÉåíK= cçê= ÄêÉ~ÇïáååÉê= Ñ~ãáäáÉë= íÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= í~ëâë= áë= èìáíÉ=
ëíê~áÖÜíÑçêï~êÇI= ïáíÜ= ÜìëÄ~åÇë= ïçêâáåÖ= çìíëáÇÉ= íÜÉ= ÜçãÉ= ~åÇ= ïáîÉë= Å~êáåÖ= Ñçê=
ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=~åÇ=ÅÜáäÇêÉåK=_çíÜ=é~êíåÉêë=ÅçåíêáÄìíÉ=íç=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=áå=~=ìåáèìÉ=ï~ó=
~åÇ= íÜÉáê= áåéìíë= ÅçãéäÉãÉåí= çåÉ= ~åçíÜÉê= E_ÉÅâÉêI= NVUNX= h~ìÑã~å= ~åÇ= q~åáÖìÅÜáI=
OMMSFK= q~âáåÖ= ~ää= íÜÉëÉ= ÅçåëáÇÉê~íáçåë= íçÖÉíÜÉêI= ~åÇ= ~ëëìãáåÖ= åç= çìíëçìêÅáåÖ= çÑ=
ÜçìëÉïçêâ= í~ëâëI= ïÉ= éêÉÇáÅí= íÜ~í= ÜìëÄ~åÇëÛ= ~åÇ= ïáîÉëÛ= êÉéçêíë= áå= ÄêÉ~ÇïáååÉê=
Ñ~ãáäáÉë=ëÜçï=ÑÉïÉê=ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅáÉë=íÜ~å=áå=çíÜÉê=íóéÉë=çÑ=Ñ~ãáäáÉëI=~åÇ=íÜ~í=ïçêâáåÖ=
ïçãÉå= çîÉêÉëíáã~íÉ= íÜÉáê= ÅçåíêáÄìíáçå= íç= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= í~ëâë= íÜÉ= ãçêÉ= Üçìêë= íÜÉó=
ïçêâ=çìíëáÇÉ=íÜÉ=ÜçãÉ=Eevmlqebpfp=O~FK==
oÉä~íáçåëÜáé= èì~äáíóK= få= ëíìÇóáåÖ= ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅáÉë= áå= ~åëïÉêë= ÄÉíïÉÉå= é~êÉåíë=
~åÇ=ÅÜáäÇêÉå=j~åÇÉã~âÉêë=~åÇ=aóâëíê~=EÑçêíÜÅçãáåÖF=ÑáåÇ=íÜ~í=é~êÉåíë=~åÇ=ÅÜáäÇêÉå=
áå= ÜáÖÜJèì~äáíó= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéë= çîÉêÉëíáã~íÉ= ëìééçêí= ÉñÅÜ~åÖÉë= ~åÇ= Åçåí~ÅíK= qÜÉó=
ëìÖÖÉëí= íÜ~í= éÉçéäÉ= áå= ÅäçëÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéë= Ü~êÄçê= IéçëáíáîÉ= áääìëáçåëÒ= ~Äçìí= É~ÅÜ=
çíÜÉêW= íÜÉó= ÉãéÜ~ëáòÉ= íÜÉáê= é~êíåÉêëÛ= îáêíìÉëI= ~åÇ= ~êÉ= ãçíáî~íÉÇ= íç= çîÉêäççâ= íÜÉáê=
Ñ~ìäíëK= mçëáíáîÉ= Äá~ëÉë= ãáÖÜí= ÜÉäé= íç= ã~âÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéë= ïçêâ= Ed~ÄäÉI= oÉáëI= ~åÇ=
açïåÉóI= OMMPX= jìêê~óI= eçäãÉëI= ~åÇ= dêáÑÑáåI= NVVSFK= m~êíåÉêë= ïáíÜ= éççê= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=
èì~äáíó=ãáÖÜí=ÄÉ=ãçíáî~íÉÇ=åçí=íç=ëÉÉ=ÅçåëíêìÅíáîÉ=ÄÉÜ~îáçê=çÑ=íÜÉ=çíÜÉêW=íÜÉó=ãáÖÜí=
ìåÇÉêÉëíáã~íÉ= íÜÉ= ÅçåíêáÄìíáçå= çÑ= íÜÉ= é~êíåÉêK= få= äáåÉ= ïáíÜ= íÜÉëÉ= ~êÖìãÉåíë= ïÉ=
ÉñéÉÅí=ÜìëÄ~åÇë=~åÇ=ïáîÉë=íç=çîÉêÉëíáã~íÉ=íÜÉ=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçå=çÑ=íÜÉáê=é~êíåÉêë=ïÜÉå=
êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= èì~äáíó= áë= ÜáÖÜI= ~åÇ= íç= ìåÇÉêÉëíáã~íÉ= ïÜÉå= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= èì~äáíó= áë= äçï=
Eevmlqebpfp=OÄFK==
oÉä~íáçåëÜáé= Çìê~íáçåK= h~ãç= EOMMMF= ÑáåÇë= íÜ~í= ÚâåçïäÉÇÖÉ= ~Äçìí= íÜÉ= ëéçìëÉÛ=
ÜÉäéë= Éñéä~áå=êÉëéçåëÉ=ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅáÉëK=m~êíåÉêë=ïÜç= Ü~îÉ= ÄÉÉå=äáîáåÖ=íçÖÉíÜÉê=Ñçê=~=
äçåÖ=éÉêáçÇ=çÑ=íáãÉ=~êÉ=ÄÉííÉê=~ÄäÉ=íç=~ÇÉèì~íÉäó=Éëíáã~íÉ=íÜÉáê=é~êíåÉêÛë=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçå=
íç=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=í~ëâëK=håçïäÉÇÖÉ=~Äçìí=íÜÉ=çíÜÉêÛë=ÄÉÜ~îáçê=áãéäáÉë=íÜ~í=é~êíåÉêë=~êÉ=
~ï~êÉ=çÑ=ïÜ~í=íÜÉ=çíÜÉê=~Åíì~ääó=ÇçÉë=~åÇ=~êÉ=~ÄäÉ=íç=âÉÉé=íê~Åâ=çÑ=íÜÉáê=çïå=~åÇ=íÜÉ=
çíÜÉêÛë= ÅçåíêáÄìíáçåK= cçê= íÜÉëÉ= êÉ~ëçåë= ïÉ= ~êÖìÉ= íÜ~í= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= Çìê~íáçå= áë=
PN=
áåîÉêëÉäó=~ëëçÅá~íÉÇ=ïáíÜ=êÉëéçåëÉ=ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅó=áå=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=í~ëâë=Eevmlqebpfp=OÅFK==
oÉä~íáçåëÜáé= ëí~íìëK= qÜÉêÉ= ~êÉ= êÉ~ëçåë= íç= ÄÉäáÉîÉ= íÜ~í= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= ëí~íìë= Ó=
ïÜÉíÜÉê= íÜÉ= ÅçìéäÉ= áë= ã~êêáÉÇ= çê= ÅçÜ~Äáí~íáåÖ= Ó= áë= ~ëëçÅá~íÉÇ= ïáíÜ= ïÜÉíÜÉê= çê= åçí=
é~êíåÉêë=çîÉêÉëíáã~íÉ=íÜÉáê=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçå=íç=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=í~ëâëK=pçìíÜ=~åÇ=péáíòÉ=ENVVQF=
ÑáåÇ=íÜ~í=ïçãÉå=ÖÉåÉê~ääó=ëéÉåÇ=ãçêÉ=íáãÉ=íÜ~å=ãÉå=ÇçáåÖ=ÜçìëÉïçêâI=Äìí=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=
ÖÉåÇÉê= Ö~é= áë= ïáÇÉê= áå= ã~êêáÉÇ= ÅçìéäÉë= íÜ~å= áå= ÅçÜ~ÄáíáåÖ= ÅçìéäÉë= EëÉÉ= ~äëç=
_äìãëíÉáå= ~åÇ= pÅÜï~êíòI= NVUPX= pÜÉäíçå= ~åÇ= gçÜåI= NVVPX= _Éêå~ëÅç= ~åÇ= dáÉëÉåI=
NVVVFK=_êáåÉë=~åÇ=gçóåÉê=ENVVVF=~ëëìãÉ=íÜ~í=áÑ=é~êíåÉêë=ÅÜççëÉ=íç=ÅçÜ~Äáí=íÜÉó=~êÉ=
äÉëë= ëÉÅìêÉ= ~Äçìí= íÜÉ= ÑìíìêÉ= çÑ= íÜÉáê= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéK= qÜÉáê= ÅçããáíãÉåí= íç= íÜÉ=
êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= áë= äáâÉäó= íç= ÄÉ= äçïÉê= íÜ~å= íÜ~í= Ñçê= ã~êêáÉÇ= ÅçìéäÉë= ~åÇ= ïáíÜ= íÜ~í= íÜÉ=
ïáääáåÖåÉëë=íç=áåîÉëí=áå=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=ê~íÜÉê=íÜ~å=áå=íÜÉáê=çïå=äáÑÉ=ÅÜ~åÅÉëK=tÉ=íÜìë=
ÜóéçíÜÉëáòÉ= íÜ~í= ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ= áåîÉëíáåÖ= áå= ìåé~áÇ= ÇçãÉëíáÅ= ä~Äçê= áë= ~= ïÉáÖÜíáÉê= áëëìÉ=
~ãçåÖ= ÅçÜ~ÄáíáåÖ= íÜ~å= ~ãçåÖ= ã~êêáÉÇ= é~êíåÉêëI= íÜÉ= ÑçêãÉê= ëÜçï= ãçêÉ=
ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅáÉë=áå=êÉéçêíë=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=í~ëâë=íÜ~å=íÜÉ=ä~ííÉê=Eevmlqebpfp=OÇFK====
=
OKOKP=aáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë=ÄÉíïÉÉå=é~êíåÉêë=
m~êíåÉêë= Å~å= ÇáÑÑÉê= çå= áãéçêí~åí= áåÇáîáÇì~ä= ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅëI= ëìÅÜ= ~ë= ÖÉåÇÉê= êçäÉ=
~ííáíìÇÉI= ÉÇìÅ~íáçå~ä= ~íí~áåãÉåí= çê= äáÑÉëíóäÉK= aáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë= ÄÉíïÉÉå= é~êíåÉêë= áå= íÜÉëÉ=
ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅë= ~åÇ= íÜÉáê= áãéäáÅ~íáçåë= Ñçê= êÉëéçåëÉ= ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅáÉë= ~êÉ= ÅçåëáÇÉêÉÇ= áå=
ïÜ~í=ÑçääçïëK=
dÉåÇÉê= êçäÉ= ~ííáíìÇÉK= qÜÉ= ÖÉåÇÉê= êçäÉ= éÉêëéÉÅíáîÉ= ~ëëìãÉë= íÜ~í= ïçãÉå= ~åÇ=
ãÉå= ïáíÜ= ãçêÉ= ÉÖ~äáí~êá~å= ~ííáíìÇÉë= Ü~îÉ= ~= ãçêÉ= Éèìáí~ÄäÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ=
í~ëâë=íÜ~å=íÜçëÉ=ïáíÜ=ãçêÉ=íê~Çáíáçå~ä=~ííáíìÇÉë=EpÜÉäíçå=~åÇ=gçÜåI=NVVSFK=eçïÉîÉêI=
êÉëìäíë=Ñêçã=î~êáçìë=ëíìÇáÉë=~êÉ=ãáñÉÇ=~åÇ=Çç=åçí=~ÅÅçìåí=Ñçê=ãìÅÜ=çÑ=íÜÉ=î~êá~íáçå=
áå=íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=ä~ÄçêK=kÉï=áåëáÖÜí=Å~å=ÄÉ=Ö~áåÉÇ=Äó=ÅçåëáÇÉêáåÖ=êÉä~íáîÉ=
ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë=áå=ÖÉåÇÉê=êçäÉ=~ííáíìÇÉK=kçí=íÜÉ=~ÄëçäìíÉ=äÉîÉä=çÑ=ÉÖ~äáí~êá~åáëã=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=
ÅçåëáÇÉêÉÇ= Äìí= ê~íÜÉê= íÜÉ= äÉîÉä= çÑ= çåÉ= é~êíåÉê= Åçãé~êÉÇ= íç= íÜÉ= çíÜÉêK= tÉ= éêÉÇáÅí=
íÜ~í= íÜçëÉ= ïáíÜ= ãçêÉ= ÉÖ~äáí~êá~å= ~ííáíìÇÉë= íÜ~å= íÜÉáê= é~êíåÉê= ~êÉ= ãçêÉ= ëíêçåÖäó=
ãçíáî~íÉÇ= íç= Ü~îÉ= ~å= Éèìáí~ÄäÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= í~ëâë= ~åÇ= íÜÉêÉÑçêÉ=
çîÉêÉëíáã~íÉ=íÜÉ=ÜìëÄ~åÇëÛ=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçå=íç=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=Eevmlqebpfp=P~FK==
=
bÇìÅ~íáçå~ä= ~íí~áåãÉåíK= _ÉííÉê= ÉÇìÅ~íÉÇ= ïçãÉå= íÉåÇ= Çç= äÉëë= ÜçìëÉïçêâI=
ïÜáäÉ= ÄÉííÉê= ÉÇìÅ~íÉÇ= ãÉå= Çç= ãçêÉK= pçãÉ= ëÅÜçä~êë= áåíÉêéêÉí= íÜáë= ÑáåÇáåÖ= ~ë=
áåÇáÅ~íáåÖ= ~= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= ÄÉíïÉÉå= ÉÇìÅ~íáçå= ~åÇ= ÖÉåÇÉê= êçäÉ= áÇÉçäçÖó= E`çîÉêã~åI=
NVURX=mêÉëëÉêI=NVVQX=pÜÉäíçå=~åÇ=gçÜåI=NVVSFK=cçääçïáåÖ=íÜÉ=ë~ãÉ=äáåÉ=çÑ=êÉ~ëçåáåÖ=
~ë=Ñçê=ÖÉåÇÉê=~ííáíìÇÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë=ÄÉíïÉÉå=é~êíåÉêëI=ïÉ=éêÉÇáÅí=íÜ~í=íÜçëÉ=ïÜç=~êÉ=
ãçêÉ= ÜáÖÜäó= ÉÇìÅ~íÉÇ= íÜ~å= íÜÉáê= é~êíåÉêë= ~êÉ= ãçêÉ= ëíêçåÖäó= ãçíáî~íÉÇ= íç= Ü~îÉ= ~å=
Éèìáí~ÄäÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= í~ëâë= ~åÇ= íÜÉêÉÑçêÉ= çîÉêÉëíáã~íÉ= íÜÉ= ÜìëÄ~åÇëÛ=
ÅçåíêáÄìíáçå=íç=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=Eevmlqebpfp=PÄFK=
PO=
=
iáÑÉëíóäÉK= fåÇáîáÇì~äáëíáÅ= äáÑÉëíóäÉë= ã~ó= ÅçåíêáÄìíÉ= íç= êÉëéçåëÉ= ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅóK=
tÜÉå= é~êíåÉêë= ëÜ~êÉ= ÑÉï= ~ÅíáîáíáÉë= íçÖÉíÜÉê= EëìÅÜ= ~ë= îáëáíáåÖ= Ñ~ãáäó= çê= ÑêáÉåÇë= çê=
ëéÉåÇáåÖ= íáãÉ= íçÖÉíÜÉê= ~í= ÜçãÉF= íÜÉó= ïáää= Ü~îÉ= äáãáíÉÇ= âåçïäÉÇÖÉ= ~Äçìí= É~ÅÜ=
çíÜÉêÛë=~ÅíáîáíáÉëK=tÉ=éêÉÇáÅí=íÜ~í=êÉëéçåëÉ=ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅáÉë=~êÉ=ÖêÉ~íÉê=áå=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéë=
ïÜÉêÉ= é~êíåÉêë= ãçêÉ= çÑíÉå= ÉåÖ~ÖÉ= áå= ëçÅá~ä= ~ÅíáîáíáÉë= çå= íÜÉáê= çïå= íÜ~å= íÜÉáê=
é~êíåÉêë= Çç= íÜ~å= áå= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéë= ïÜÉêÉ= é~êíåÉêë= íÉåÇ= íç= ÉåÖ~ÖÉ= áå= ëçÅá~ä= ~ÅíáîáíáÉë=
íçÖÉíÜÉê=Eevmlqebpfp=PÅFK=
=
=
OKP=jÉíÜçÇ=
=
OKPKN=a~í~=
qÜÉ= Ç~í~= ÅçãÉ= Ñêçã= íÜÉ= éìÄäáÅ= êÉäÉ~ëÉ= ÑáäÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= Ñáêëí= ï~îÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë=
háåëÜáé= m~åÉä= píìÇó= EkhmpX= aóâëíê~I= h~äãáàåI= håáàåI= hçãíÉêI= iáÉÑÄêçÉêI= ~åÇ= jìäÇÉêI=
OMMRFI=~=ëíìÇó=çå=Ñ~ãáäó=ëçäáÇ~êáíóK=qÜÉ=khmp=áë=~=ä~êÖÉ=ëÅ~äÉ=Ç~í~=ÅçääÉÅíáçå=~ãçåÖ=~=
êÉéêÉëÉåí~íáîÉ= ë~ãéäÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= aìíÅÜ= éçéìä~íáçå= ~ÖÉÇ= NU= íç= TVK= qÜÉ= Ç~í~= ëÉí= Ü~ë=
áåÑçêã~íáçå= çå= NSPS= ã~êêáÉÇ= ~åÇ= NTQ= ÅçÜ~ÄáíáåÖ= ÅçìéäÉë= ïáíÜ= ÅÜáäÇêÉå= EäáîáåÖ= ~í=
ÜçãÉFK= cçê= íÜÉ= ë~âÉ= çÑ= ÅçåîÉåáÉåÅÉ= ~ää= ã~äÉ= é~êíåÉêë= ~êÉ= Å~ääÉÇ= ÜìëÄ~åÇë= ~åÇ= ~ää=
ÑÉã~äÉ= é~êíåÉêë= ~êÉ= Å~ääÉÇ= ïáîÉëK= qÜÉ= ÅçìéäÉë= ïÉêÉ= ëÉäÉÅíÉÇ= áÑ= Ç~í~=ïÉêÉ= ~î~áä~ÄäÉ=
çå= íÜÉ= Ñ~ÅÉ= íç= Ñ~ÅÉ= áåíÉêîáÉï= ïáíÜ= íÜÉ= êÉëéçåÇÉåí= E^åÅÜçêFI= íÜÉ= ëÉäÑJÅçãéäÉíáçå=
èìÉëíáçåå~áêÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= êÉëéçåÇÉåíI= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= ëÉäÑJÅçãéäÉíáçå= èìÉëíáçåå~áêÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ=
é~êíåÉê=E^äíÉêFK=qÜÉ= ÅçìéäÉë= Åçåëáëí= çÑ=TSN= ã~äÉ= ^åÅÜçêë=~åÇ=íÜÉáê= ïáîÉë= ~åÇ= NMQV=
ÑÉã~äÉ= ^åÅÜçêë= ~åÇ= íÜÉáê= ÜìëÄ~åÇëK= qÜÉ= ~îÉê~ÖÉ= ~ÖÉ= çÑ= ÜìëÄ~åÇë= E^åÅÜçêë= ~åÇ=
^äíÉêëF= áë=QQKO= ~åÇ= çÑ= ïáîÉë= E^åÅÜçêë= ~åÇ= ^äíÉêëF= QNKTK= qÜÉ= ~îÉê~ÖÉ=~ÖÉ=çÑ= ÅÜáäÇêÉå=
éÉê=Ñ~ãáäó=áë=NO=óÉ~êëK==
qÜÉ= áåëíêìãÉåíë= íÜ~í= ~êÉ= ìëÉÇ= áå= ëíìÇáÉë= çå= íÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= î~êó=
Ñêçã=íáãÉ=Çá~êáÉë=~åÇ=ÇáêÉÅí=èìÉëíáçåë=~Äçìí=íÜÉ=~ÄëçäìíÉ=íáãÉ=ëéÉåí=çå=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=
íç= èìÉëíáçåë= ~Äçìí= ïÜç= éÉêÑçêãë= ëéÉÅáÑáÅ= í~ëâëI= çÑíÉå= ãÉ~ëìêÉÇ= Äó= éêçéçêíáçå~ä=
ãÉ~ëìêÉë=ïÜÉêÉ=êÉëéçåÇÉåíë=~êÉ=~ëâÉÇ=~Äçìí=íÜÉáê=ëÜ~êÉ=çÑ=î~êáçìë=í~ëâë=êÉä~íáîÉ=íç=
íÜÉ=ëÜ~êÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=é~êíåÉê=EpÜÉäíçå=~åÇ=gçÜåI=NVVSX=s~å=ÇÉê=iáééÉ=NVVUFK=h~ãç=EOMMMF=
ÑçìåÇ= íÜ~í=íÜÉ= ÄÉëí= Éëíáã~íÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= ïçêâ=ï~ë= íÜÉ= ÜìëÄ~åÇëÛ=
êÉä~íáîÉ=ëÜ~êÉI=ê~íÜÉê=íÜ~å=É~ÅÜ=é~êíåÉêÛë=~ÄëçäìíÉ=íáãÉK=h~ãçÛë=ÑáåÇáåÖ=áë=áå=äáåÉ=ïáíÜ=
íÜçëÉ=Ñêçã=çíÜÉê=ëíìÇáÉë=íÜ~í=ëÜçï=íÜ~í= éêçéçêíáçå~ä=ãÉ~ëìêÉë=~êÉ=ãçêÉ=ÉñíÉêå~ääó=
î~äáÇ= íÜ~å= ~ÄëçäìíÉ= ãÉ~ëìêÉë= EÉKÖK= _ä~áê= ~åÇ= iáÅÜíÉêI= NVVNFK= mêçéçêíáçå~ä= ãÉ~ëìêÉë=
~äëç=Ü~îÉ=íÜÉ=~Çî~åí~ÖÉ=íÜ~í=íÜÉó=~êÉ=áåÇáÅ~íçêë=Ä~ëÉÇ=çå=íÜÉ=íçí~ä=~ãçìåí=çÑ=íáãÉ=
ëéÉåí= çå= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= Äó= ÄçíÜ= é~êíåÉêë= ~åÇ= ÉëëÉåíá~ääó= ëí~åÇ~êÇáòÉ= Ñçê= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë=
ÄÉíïÉÉå= ÅçìéäÉë= EmêÉëëÉêI= NVVQFK= få= íÜÉ= khmpI= éêçéçêíáçå~ä= ãÉ~ëìêÉë= Ñçê= íÜÉ=
Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=ïçêâI=ÅÜáäÇ=Å~êÉ=~åÇ=Éãçíáçå=ïçêâ=ïÉêÉ=ìëÉÇK=^=ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅó=
PP=
ìëáåÖ= éêçéçêíáçå~ä=ãÉ~ëìêÉë=áë=~=ÄÉííÉê=áåÇáÅ~íçê= çÑ=ëóëíÉã~íáÅ= Çáëíçêíáçåë=íÜ~å= çåÉ=
ìëáåÖ=~ÄëçäìíÉ=ãÉ~ëìêÉëI=~åÇ=íÜìë=áåÑçêãë=ìë=ÄÉííÉê=~Äçìí=ïÜ~í=áë=ÖçáåÖ=çå=áå=íÜÉ=
ÜìëÄ~åÇJïáÑÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéK=
=
OKPKO=jÉ~ëìêÉë=
=
eçìëÉïçêâ=í~ëâë==
pÉîÉê~ä=âáåÇë=çÑ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=ïçêâI=ÅÜáäÇ=Å~êÉI=~åÇ=Éãçíáçå=ïçêâ=ïÉêÉ=ãÉ~ëìêÉÇK=
oÉÖ~êÇáåÖ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=ïçêâI=ïÉ=Ü~Ç=~=ëÉí=çÑ=í~ëâë=íÜ~í=~êÉ=ãçêÉ=íóéáÅ~ääó=éÉêÑçêãÉÇ=
Äó=ïçãÉå=EéêÉé~êáåÖ=ãÉ~äëX=ÑÉíÅÜáåÖ=ÖêçÅÉêáÉëX=íáÇóáåÖ=ìé=~åÇ=ÅäÉ~åáåÖF=~åÇ=~=ëÉí=çÑ=
í~ëâë=íÜ~í=~êÉ=ãçêÉ=íóéáÅ~ääó=éÉêÑçêãÉÇ=Äó=ãÉå=Eé~éÉêïçêâI=~ÅÅçìåíëI=Ñáå~åÅÉëX=çÇÇ=
àçÄë= áå= ~åÇ= ~êçìåÇ= íÜÉ= ÜçìëÉFK= qÜÉ= ÅÜáäÇ= Å~êÉ= áíÉãë= ïÉêÉ= Ä~íÜáåÖ= çåÉÛë= ÅÜáäÇêÉåI=
ÜÉäéáåÖ= íÜÉã= ÖÉí= ÇêÉëëÉÇ= Eçåäó= áÑ= íÜÉ= êÉëéçåÇÉåíë= Ü~Ç= ~í= äÉ~ëí= çåÉ= ÅÜáäÇ= ìåÇÉê= ëáñ=
óÉ~êë=çäÇFX=ëí~óáåÖ=~í=ÜçãÉ=áÑ=~=ÅÜáäÇ=áë=áää=çê=ÖÉííáåÖ=çìí=çÑ=ÄÉÇ=~í=åáÖÜíX=í~äâáåÖ=~Äçìí=
íÜÉ=ÅÜáäÇÛë=éêçÄäÉãë=çê=~Äçìí=êìäÉë=çÑ= éçäáíÉåÉëëX=~åÇ=í~âáåÖ=íÜÉ=ÅÜáäÇêÉå=íç=ëÅÜççäI=
Ç~ó=Å~êÉ=çê=Ä~ÄóJëáííÉêK=eìëÄ~åÇë=~åÇ=ïáîÉë=ïÉêÉ=~ëâÉÇ=íç=áåÇáÅ~íÉ=ïÜç=éÉêÑçêãÉÇ=
~= ÅÉêí~áå= í~ëâ= ãçëí= çÑ= íÜÉ= íáãÉK= qÜÉ= ~åëïÉê= Å~íÉÖçêáÉë= ïÉêÉ= Ú~äï~óë= óçìê= é~êíåÉêÛ=
ENFI=Úìëì~ääó=óçìê=é~êíåÉêÛ=EOFI=ÚÄçíÜ=Éèì~ääóÛ=EPFI=Úìëì~ääó=óçìÛ=EQFI=Ú~äï~óë=óçìÛ=ERFK==
qÜÉ= Éãçíáçå= ïçêâ= ãÉ~ëìêÉë= áåîçäîÉÇ= ~êÉ= ÖáîáåÖ= ~ÇîáÅÉ= ~åÇ= ëÜçïáåÖ= áåíÉêÉëíK=
qÜÉ= èìÉëíáçåë= ~Äçìí= ~ÇîáÅÉ= ïÉêÉW= ÚaáÇ= óçì= ÖáîÉ= ÅçìåÅáä= çê= ÖççÇ= ~ÇîáÅÉ= íç= óçìê=
é~êíåÉê=áå=íÜÉ=ä~ëí=íÜêÉÉ=ãçåíÜë\Û=~åÇ=ÚaáÇ=óçì=ÖÉí=ÅçìåÅáä=çê=ÖççÇ=~ÇîáÅÉ=Ñêçã=óçìê=
é~êíåÉê= áå= íÜÉ= ä~ëí= íÜêÉÉ= ãçåíÜë\ÛK= qÜÉ= èìÉëíáçåë= ~Äçìí= áåíÉêÉëí= ïÉêÉW= Úe~îÉ= óçì=
ëÜçïå=~å=áåíÉêÉëí=áå=íÜÉ=éÉêëçå~ä=äáÑÉ=çÑ=óçìê=é~êíåÉê=áå=íÜÉ=ä~ëí=íÜêÉÉ=ãçåíÜë\Û=~åÇ=
Úe~ë=óçìê=é~êíåÉê=ëÜçïå=~å=áåíÉêÉëí=áå=óçìê=éÉêëçå~ä=äáÑÉ=áå=íÜÉ=ä~ëí=íÜêÉÉ=ãçåíÜë\ÛK=
qÜÉ=~åëïÉê=Å~íÉÖçêáÉë=ïÉêÉ=ÚåçåÉÛ=ENFI=ÚçåÅÉ=çê=íïáÅÉÛ=EOF=~åÇ=ÚëÉîÉê~ä=íáãÉëÛ=EPFK===
=
oÉä~íáçåëÜáé=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅë=
b~êåÉê= íóéÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= Ñ~ãáäóK= h~ãç= EOMMMF= ëí~íÉë= íÜ~í= ïçãÉåÛë= ÅçåÅÉêåë= ïáíÜ=
Ñ~áêåÉëë= Ü~îÉ= ÄÉÉå= çå= íÜÉ= áåÅêÉ~ëÉ= áå= íÜÉ= é~ëí= ÑÉï= ÇÉÅ~ÇÉëI= ëáåÅÉ= áåÅêÉ~ëáåÖ=
åìãÄÉêë=çÑ=ã~êêáÉÇ=ïçãÉå=Ü~îÉ=ÉåíÉêÉÇ=íÜÉ=ä~Äçê=ÑçêÅÉ=~åÇ=~êÉ=éìêëìáåÖ=íÜÉáê=çïå=
Å~êÉÉêëK=eçïÉîÉêI=åçí=~ää=ïçãÉå=Ü~îÉ=~=é~áÇ=àçÄ=åçê=Çç=~ää=ïçêâáåÖ=ïçãÉå=Ü~îÉ=~=
ÑìääJíáãÉ= àçÄK= qÜÉ= ã~àçêáíó= çÑ= ÅçìéäÉë= áå= íÜÉ= kÉíÜÉêä~åÇëI= ïÜÉêÉ= íÜÉ= Ç~í~= ïÉêÉ=
ÅçääÉÅíÉÇI= Å~å= ÄÉ= ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáòÉÇ= ~ë= çåÉJ~åÇJ~JÜ~äÑ= É~êåÉê= Ñ~ãáäó= EhÉìòÉåâ~ãé= ~åÇ=
eççÖÜáÉãëíê~I=OMMMX=håáàå=~åÇ=s~å=tÉäI=OMMNFK==
qç= ~å~äóòÉ= éçëëáÄäÉ= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë= áå= êÉëÉåíãÉåí= ïáíÜ= êÉÖ~êÇ= íç= íÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ=
ÜçìëÉïçêâ= ÄÉíïÉÉå= ÄêÉ~ÇïáååÉê= Ñ~ãáäáÉëI= Çì~ä= É~êåÉê= ~åÇ= çåÉJ~åÇJ~JÜ~äÑ= É~êåÉê=
Ñ~ãáäáÉëI=Ñçìê=Çìããó=î~êá~ÄäÉë=ïÉêÉ=ÅçåëíêìÅíÉÇ=Ñçê=ÅçìéäÉë=ïÜÉêÉW==E~F=íÜÉ=ÜìëÄ~åÇ=
ïçêâë=ÑìääJíáãÉ=~åÇ=íÜÉ=ïáÑÉ=ïçêâë=äÉëë=íÜ~å=NO=Üçìêë=~=ïÉÉâ=Eëã~ääJçåÉJ~åÇJ~JÜ~äÑ=
PQ=
É~êåÉê=Ñ~ãáäáÉëFX=EÄF=íÜÉ=ÜìëÄ~åÇ=ïçêâë=ÑìääJíáãÉ=~åÇ=íÜÉ=ïáÑÉ=ïçêâë=~í=äÉ~ëí=NO=~åÇ=
åç= ãçêÉ= íÜ~å= PO= Üçìêë= ~= ïÉÉâ= Eä~êÖÉJçåÉJ~åÇJ~JÜ~äÑ= É~êåÉê= Ñ~ãáäáÉëFX= EÅF= ÄçíÜ=
ÜìëÄ~åÇ=~åÇ=ïáÑÉ=ïçêâ=ãçêÉ=íÜ~å=PO=Üçìêë=~=ïÉÉâ=EÇçìÄäÉ=É~êåÉê=Ñ~ãáäáÉëFX=~åÇ=EÇF=
íÜÉ=ÜìëÄ~åÇ=ïçêâë=PO=Üçìêë=~=ïÉÉâ=çê=äÉëë=EçíÜÉêëFK=qÜÉ=ÇáëíêáÄìíáçå=Äó=É~êåÉê=íóéÉ=
áëW= OPKPB= ÄêÉ~ÇïáååÉê= Ñ~ãáäáÉëI= TKUB= ëã~ääJçåÉJ~åÇJ~JÜ~äÑ= É~êåÉê= Ñ~ãáäáÉëI= QSKQB=
ä~êÖÉJçåÉJ~åÇJ~JÜ~äÑ= É~êåÉê= Ñ~ãáäáÉëI= SKNB= ÇçìÄäÉ= É~êåÉê= Ñ~ãáäáÉëI= ~åÇ= NSKMB= Ñ~ää= áå=
íÜÉ=Å~íÉÖçêó=ÚçíÜÉêëÛK=qÜÉ=ÄêÉ~ÇïáååÉê=Ñ~ãáäó=Ó=ïÜÉêÉ=íÜÉ=ÜìëÄ~åÇ=ïçêâë=ãçêÉ=íÜ~å=
PO=Üçìêë=~åÇ=íÜÉ=ïáÑÉ=M=Üçìêë=~=ïÉÉâ=Ó=ëÉêîÉÇ=~ë=íÜÉ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=Å~íÉÖçêóK=
oÉä~íáçåëÜáé= èì~äáíóK= oÉä~íáçåëÜáé= èì~äáíó= ï~ë= ~ëëÉëëÉÇ= Äó= ãÉ~åë= çÑ= íÜÉ=
èìÉëíáçå= Úq~âáåÖ= ÉîÉêóíÜáåÖ= íçÖÉíÜÉêI= Üçï= ïçìäÇ= óçì= ÇÉëÅêáÄÉ= óçìê= êÉä~íáçå= ïáíÜ=
óçìê= é~êíåÉê\ÛK= qÜÉ= ~åëïÉê= Å~íÉÖçêáÉë= ïÉêÉ= Úåçí= ÖêÉ~íÛ= ENFI= ÚêÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉÛ= EOFI= ÚÖççÇÛ=
EPFI= ~åÇ= ÚîÉêó= ÖççÇÛ= EQFK= aìÉ= íç= ãìäíáÅçääáåÉ~êáíó= EÜáÖÜ= ÅçêêÉä~íáçåë= ÄÉíïÉÉå=
êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= èì~äáíó= çÑ= ÜìëÄ~åÇë= ~åÇ= ïáîÉëF= ïÉ= çåäó= ìëÉÇ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= èì~äáíó= çÑ=
ïáîÉëK=SMKRB=çÑ=íÜÉ=ïáîÉë=ÇÉëÅêáÄÉ=íÜÉáê=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=~ë=îÉêó=ÖççÇI=PRB=ÇÉëÅêáÄÉ=áí=
~ë=ÖççÇK=
oÉä~íáçåëÜáé=Çìê~íáçåK= iÉåÖíÜ=çÑ=äáîáåÖ=íçÖÉíÜÉê=EáåÅäìÇáåÖ=äÉåÖíÜ=çÑ=ã~êêá~ÖÉ=áÑ=
íÜÉ= ÅçìéäÉ= áë= ã~êêáÉÇF= ï~ë= ãÉ~ëìêÉÇ= áå= óÉ~êë= ~åÇ= Ä~ëÉÇ= çå= êÉéçêí= çÑ= ^åÅÜçêK= qÜÉ=
~îÉê~ÖÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=Çìê~íáçå=áë=NSKS=óÉ~êëK=
oÉä~íáçåëÜáé=ëí~íìëK= fë=íÜÉ=ÅçìéäÉ=ã~êêáÉÇ=çê=ÅçÜ~ÄáíáåÖ\=m~êíåÉêë=~êÉ=ã~êêáÉÇ=
ENF=çê=äáîÉ=íçÖÉíÜÉê=ïáíÜçìí=ÄÉáåÖ=ã~êêáÉÇ=EMFK=VMKPB=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅçìéäÉë=~êÉ=ã~êêáÉÇK=
=
aáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë=ÄÉíïÉÉå=é~êíåÉêë=
dÉåÇÉê=êçäÉ=~ííáíìÇÉK= qÜáë=î~êá~ÄäÉ=ï~ë=ãÉ~ëìêÉÇ=Äó=Ñçìê=áíÉãë=~Äçìí=ÖÉåÇÉê=
Éèì~äáíóK= qÜÉ= êÉëéçåëÉë= íç= íÜÉ= ëí~íÉãÉåíë= ê~åÖÉÇ= Ñêçã= N= EëíêçåÖäó= ~ÖêÉÉF= íç= R=
EëíêçåÖäó= Çáë~ÖêÉÉFK= qÜÉ= Ñçìê= ëí~íÉãÉåíë= ïÉêÉW= ÚfíÛë= ÄÉëí= íç= ÇáîáÇÉ= í~ëâë= ~åÇ=
êÉëéçåëáÄáäáíáÉë= áå= ~= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= ~ÅÅçêÇáåÖ= íç= íÜÉ= ÅìëíçãëI= íê~Çáíáçåë= ~åÇ= êìäÉë= íÜ~í=
Ü~îÉ=~äï~óë=ÄÉÉå=ÑçêÅÉÛI=Ú^=ïçã~å=ãìëí=èìáí=ÜÉê=àçÄ=ïÜÉå=ëÜÉ=ÄÉÅçãÉë=~=ãçíÜÉêÛI=
ÚfíÛë=ãçêÉ=áãéçêí~åí=Ñçê=Äçóë=íÜ~å=áí=áë=Ñçê=Öáêäë=íç=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íç=É~êå=~=äáîáåÖ=ä~íÉê=áå=äáÑÉÛI=
~åÇ= ÚtçêâáåÖ=ãçíÜÉêë= éìí= íÜÉãëÉäîÉë= Ñáêëí= ê~íÜÉê= íÜ~å= íÜÉáê= Ñ~ãáäáÉëÛK=pÅ~äÉ= ê~åÖÉë=
Ñêçã= Q= íç= OMK= pÅçêÉë= ÄÉäçï= çê= Éèì~ä= íç= NO= ïÉêÉ= ÅçåëáÇÉêÉÇ= Úíê~Çáíáçå~äÛI= ëÅçêÉë=
~ÄçîÉ= NO= ïÉêÉ= ÅçåëáÇÉêÉÇ= ÚÉÖ~äáí~êá~åÛK= jçêÉ= ãÉå= íÜ~å= ïçãÉå= Ü~Ç= ~= íê~Çáíáçå~ä=
~ííáíìÇÉW= NTKOB= êÉëéÉÅíáîÉäó= VKPBK= tÉ= ÅêÉ~íÉÇ= íïç= Çìããó= î~êá~ÄäÉëW= çåÉ= ïÜÉêÉ=
íÜÉ=ïáÑÉ=Ü~ë=ãçêÉ=ÉÖ~äáí~êá~å=~ííáíìÇÉë=íÜ~å=ÜÉê=ÜìëÄ~åÇ=EÅçÇÉÇ=~ë=NW=åç=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉ=
áë= ÅçÇÉÇ=~ë= MFI= ~åÇ= çåÉ= ïÜÉêÉ=íÜÉ= ÜìëÄ~åÇ= Ü~ë= ãçêÉ= ÉÖ~äáí~êá~å= ~ííáíìÇÉë= íÜ~å= Üáë=
ïáÑÉ= E~äëç= ÅçÇÉÇ= ~ë= NW= åç= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉ= áë= ÅçÇÉÇ= ~ë= MFK= NOB= çÑ= ïçãÉå= Ü~îÉ= ãçêÉ=
ÉÖ~äáí~êá~å= ~ííáíìÇÉë= íÜ~å= íÜÉáê= ÜìëÄ~åÇëI= ~åÇ= QKNB= çÑ= ãÉå= Ü~îÉ= ãçêÉ= ÉÖ~äáí~êá~å=
~ííáíìÇÉë=íÜ~å=íÜÉáê=ëéçìëÉëK=
bÇìÅ~íáçå~ä=~íí~áåãÉåíK= qÜÉ=äÉîÉä=çÑ=ÉÇìÅ~íáçå=áë=Ä~ëÉÇ=çå=íÜÉ=ëÉäÑJêÉéçêíë=çÑ=
PR=
êÉëéÉÅíáîÉ= é~êíåÉêë= ~åÇ= ï~ë= ãÉ~ëìêÉÇ= çå= ~= ëÅ~äÉ= ïÜÉêÉ= N= ëí~åÇë= Ñçê= åçí= Ü~îáåÖ=
ÑáåáëÜÉÇ= éêáã~êó= ëÅÜççä= ~åÇ= NM= ëí~åÇë= Ñçê= Ü~îáåÖ= ÑáåáëÜÉÇ= ~= éçëíJÇçÅíçê~ä= äÉîÉä= çÑ=
ÉÇìÅ~íáçåK=qÜÉëÉ=íÉå=Å~íÉÖçêáÉë=ïÉêÉ=êÉÅçÇÉÇ=áåíç=ÑáîÉ=Å~íÉÖçêáÉëW=ìé=íç=éêáã~êó=EMFI=
äçïÉê=ëÉÅçåÇ~êó=ENFI=ìééÉê=ëÉÅçåÇ~êó=EOFI=ÜáÖÜÉê=îçÅ~íáçå~ä=EPF=~åÇ=ìåáîÉêëáíó=EQFK=tÉ=
~äëç=ÅêÉ~íÉÇ=íïç=Çìããó=î~êá~ÄäÉë=ÜÉêÉW=çåÉ=ïÜÉêÉ=íÜÉ=ïáÑÉ=áë=ãçêÉ=ÜáÖÜäó=ÉÇìÅ~íÉÇ=
íÜ~å= ÜÉê= ÜìëÄ~åÇ= EÅçÇÉÇ= ~ë= NW= åç= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉ= áë= ÅçÇÉÇ= ~ë= MFI= ~åÇ= çåÉ= ïÜÉêÉ= íÜÉ=
ÜìëÄ~åÇ= áë= ãçêÉ= ÜáÖÜäó= ÉÇìÅ~íÉÇ= íÜ~å= Üáë= ïáÑÉ= E~äëç= ÅçÇÉÇ= ~ë= NW= åç= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉ= áë=
ÅçÇÉÇ= ~ë= MFK= OPKPB= çÑ= ïçãÉå= ~åÇ= PQKQB= çÑ= ãÉå= ~êÉ= ãçêÉ= ÜáÖÜäó= ÉÇìÅ~íÉÇ= íÜ~å=
íÜÉáê=ëéçìëÉëK=
iáÑÉëíóäÉK= qïç= èìÉëíáçåë= ïÉêÉ= ìëÉÇ= íç= ãÉ~ëìêÉ= íÜÉ= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉ= áå= äáÑÉëíóäÉW=
ÚtÜÉå=óçì=îáëáí=Ñ~ãáäóI=Çç=óçì=ìëì~ääó=Çç=íÜ~í=íçÖÉíÜÉê=ïáíÜ=óçìê=é~êíåÉê=çê=ïáíÜçìí=
óçìê= é~êíåÉê\Û= ~åÇ= Ú^êÉ= óçìê= ÑêáÉåÇë= ãçëíäó= óçìê= çïå= ÑêáÉåÇë= çê= ãçëíäó= ÑêáÉåÇë=
ëÜ~êÉÇ=ïáíÜ=óçìê=é~êíåÉê\Û=tÉ=ÅêÉ~íÉÇ=íïç=Çìããó=î~êá~ÄäÉë=éÉê=èìÉëíáçå=ÜÉêÉW=çåÉ=
ïÜÉêÉ= íÜÉ= ïáÑÉ= ÇçÉë= ãçêÉ= íÜáåÖë= çå= ÜÉê= çïå= íÜ~å= ÜÉê= ÜìëÄ~åÇ= EÅçÇÉÇ= ~ë= NW= åç=
ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉ=áë=ÅçÇÉÇ=~ë=MFI=~åÇ=çåÉ=ïÜÉêÉ=íÜÉ=ÜìëÄ~åÇ=ÇçÉë=ãçêÉ=íÜáåÖë=çå=Üáë=çïå=
íÜ~å=Üáë=ïáÑÉ=E~äëç=ÅçÇÉÇ=~ë=NW=åç=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉ=áë=ÅçÇÉÇ=~ë=MFK=PTKSB=çÑ=ïçãÉå=îáëáí=
Ñ~ãáäó=ãçêÉ=çÑíÉå=çå=íÜÉáê=çïå=íÜ~å=íÜÉáê=ÜìëÄ~åÇë=EÑçê=ãÉå=íÜáë=éÉêÅÉåí~ÖÉ=áë=NQKRF=
~åÇ=QOKRB=çÑ=ïçãÉå=Ü~îÉ=ãçêÉ=ÑêáÉåÇë=çÑ=íÜÉáê=çïå=íÜ~å=íÜÉáê=ÜìëÄ~åÇë=EÑçê=ãÉå=
íÜáë=éÉêÅÉåí~ÖÉ=áë=ONKUFK=
=
`çåíêçäë=
=
^ë= Åçåíêçä= î~êá~ÄäÉëI= ïÉ= áåÅäìÇÉÇ= áåÑçêã~íáçå= çå= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= çìíëçìêÅáåÖ=~åÇ=
é~êíåÉêëÜáé= ÜáëíçêóK= lìíëçìêÅáåÖ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= í~ëâë= ï~ë= ~ëëÉëëÉÇ= Äó= ãÉ~åë= çÑ= íÜÉ=
èìÉëíáçå= Úaç= óçì= ìëÉ= é~áÇ= ÇçãÉëíáÅ= ÜÉäé\ÛK= ÚkçÛ= ï~ë= ÅçÇÉÇ= ~ë= M= ~åÇ= ÚvÉëÛ= ï~ë=
ÅçÇÉÇ= ~ë= NK= NVKRB= çÑ= íÜÉ= ÅçìéäÉë= ìëÉÇ= é~áÇ= ÇçãÉëíáÅ= ÜÉäéK= oÉÖ~êÇáåÖ= é~êíåÉêëÜáé=
ÜáëíçêóI= ïÉ= ÑçÅìëÉÇ= çå=~= éêÉîáçìë=ëÉé~ê~íáçå=çê= ÇáîçêÅÉK=táîÉë=~åÇ= ÜìëÄ~åÇë= ïÜç=
Ü~Ç=Ü~Ç=~=éêÉîáçìë=é~êíåÉêëÜáé=ÉåÇ=áå=ëÉé~ê~íáçå=çê=ÇáîçêÅÉ=ïÉêÉ=~ëëáÖåÉÇ=íÜÉ=ÅçÇÉ=
NK= qÜçëÉ= ïÜç= ïÉêÉ= áå= íÜÉáê= Ñáêëí= é~êíåÉêëÜáé= ïÉêÉ= ~ëëáÖåÉÇ= íÜÉ= ÅçÇÉ= MK= NNKPB= çÑ=
ïáîÉë= ~åÇ= VKOB= çÑ=ÜìëÄ~åÇë= Ü~Ç= ÄÉÉå= áåîçäîÉÇ= áå= ~= é~êíåÉêëÜáé= íÜ~í= Ü~Ç= ÉåÇÉÇ= áå=
ëÉé~ê~íáçå=çê=ÇáîçêÅÉK==
=
OKPKP=^å~äóëÉë=
qç=Å~äÅìä~íÉ=íÜÉ=ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅó=ãÉ~ëìêÉë=êÉéçêíÉÇ=áå=q~ÄäÉ=OKOI=ïÉ=êÉÅçÇÉÇ=ÜìëÄ~åÇëÛ=
êÉëéçåëÉë= ëç= íÜ~í= íÜÉó= êÉÑäÉÅíÉÇ= ïáîÉëÛ= ÅçåíêáÄìíáçåëK= cçê= Éñ~ãéäÉI= íÜÉ= ëÅçêÉ= O=
EÜìëÄ~åÇ= ëí~íÉë= Úìëì~ääó= óçìê= é~êíåÉêÛF= ï~ë= êÉÅçÇÉÇ= ~ë= Q= íç= áåÇáÅ~íÉ= íÜ~í= íÜÉ= ïáÑÉ=
éÉêÑçêãÉÇ= íÜÉ= ä~êÖÉëí= ëÜ~êÉ= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâK= kÉñíI= ïÉ= ëìÄíê~ÅíÉÇ= íÜÉ= êÉÅçÇÉÇ=
ÜìëÄ~åÇÛë=ëÅçêÉ=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=ïáÑÉÛë=ëÅçêÉK=qÜÉ=êÉëìäíáåÖ=ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅó=ëÅçêÉë=ê~åÖÉ=Ñêçã=
JQ= íç= QK= kçíÉ= íÜ~í= ~= åÉÖ~íáîÉ= ëÅçêÉ= áåÇáÅ~íÉë= ìåÇÉêÉëíáã~íáçå= çÑ= çåÉÛë= ÅçåíêáÄìíáçå=
PS=
EçêW= çîÉêÉëíáã~íáçå= çÑ= íÜÉ= ëéçìëÉÛë= ÅçåíêáÄìíáçåFK= ^= éçëáíáîÉ= ëÅçêÉ= áåÇáÅ~íÉë=
çîÉêÉëíáã~íáçå= çÑ= çåÉÛë= ÅçåíêáÄìíáçå= EçêW= ìåÇÉêÉëíáã~íáçå= çÑ= íÜÉ= ëéçìëÉÛë=
ÅçåíêáÄìíáçåFK= kçíÉ= ÑìêíÜÉêãçêÉ= íÜ~í= ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ= ïÉ= ~êÉ= ìëáåÖ= éêçéçêíáçå~ä= ãÉ~ëìêÉë=
EíÜÉ= é~êíåÉêÛë= Éëíáã~íÉ= çÑ= ÜáëLÜÉê= ÅçåíêáÄìíáçåFI= ïÉ= Å~ååçí= ë~ó= ïÜç= áë= ìåÇÉêJ= çê=
çîÉêÉëíáã~íáåÖK=tÉ=Å~å=çåäó=Éëí~ÄäáëÜ=êÉéçêí=ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅáÉëK=lå=íÜÉçêÉíáÅ~ä=ÖêçìåÇëI=
ÜçïÉîÉêI= ïÉ= Ü~îÉ= ã~ÇÉ= éêÉÇáÅíáçåë= ~Äçìí= ïÜç= áë= íÜÉ= äáâÉäó= ëçìêÅÉ= çÑ= ìåÇÉêJ= çê=
çîÉêÉëíáã~íáçåK=
=
cçê= íÜÉ= ãìäíáî~êá~íÉ= ~å~äóëÉëI= íçí~ä= ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅó= ëÅçêÉë= çå= íÜêÉÉ= íóéÉë= çÑ=
ÜçìëÉïçêâ= ïÉêÉ= Å~äÅìä~íÉÇK= qÜÉó= ïÉêÉ= ÅçåëíêìÅíÉÇ= Äó= ~ÇÇáåÖ= ~= ëÉí= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ=
í~ëâë= ~åÇ= ~ÑíÉê= íÜ~í= ëìÄíê~ÅíáåÖ= íÜÉ= ã~åÛë= íçí~ä= Éëíáã~íÉ= Ñêçã= íÜÉ= ïçã~åÛë= íçí~ä=
Éëíáã~íÉK= qÜÉ= íÜêÉÉ= íóéÉë= çÑ= í~ëâë= ~êÉW= ÚÑÉã~äÉÛ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= EéêÉé~êáåÖ= ãÉ~äëI=
ÑÉíÅÜáåÖ= ÖêçÅÉêáÉëI= ~åÇ= íáÇóáåÖ= ìé= ~åÇ= ÅäÉ~åáåÖFX= Úã~äÉÛ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= Eé~éÉêïçêâI=
~ÅÅçìåíëI=Ñáå~åÅÉëI=~åÇ=çÇÇ=àçÄë=áå=~åÇ=~êçìåÇ=íÜÉ=ÜçìëÉF=~åÇ=Éãçíáçå=ïçêâ=Eí~äâáåÖ=
~Äçìí=íÜÉ=ÅÜáäÇÛë=éêçÄäÉãë=çê=~Äçìí=êìäÉë=çÑ=éçäáíÉåÉëëFK==
=
^= ëÉí= çÑ= çêÇáå~êó= äÉ~ëí= ëèì~êÉ= êÉÖêÉëëáçåë= ï~ë= Å~êêáÉÇ= çìíI= Ñçê= íÜÉ= íÜêÉÉ=
ÇÉéÉåÇÉåí= î~êá~ÄäÉë= ëÉé~ê~íÉäóK= mêÉÇáÅíçêë= ïÉêÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅë= ~åÇ=
ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë=ÄÉíïÉÉå=é~êíåÉêëK=`çåíêçäë=ïÉêÉ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=çìíëçìêÅáåÖ=~åÇ=~=éêÉîáçìë=
ëÉé~ê~íáçå=çê=ÇáîçêÅÉK=
=
=
OKQ=oÉëìäíë=
=
OKQKN=qóéÉ=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=í~ëâ=
q~ÄäÉ=OKO=ëÜçïë=íÜÉ=ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅó=áå=ÜìëÄ~åÇëÛ=~åÇ=ïáîÉëÛ=~åëïÉêë=çå=íÜÉ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=
ïçêâI= ÅÜáäÇ= Å~êÉ= ~åÇ= Éãçíáçå= ïçêâ= áíÉãëK= bñ~ãáåáåÖ= É~ÅÜ= çÑ= íÜÉ= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= ïçêâ=
~åÇ= ÅÜáäÇ= Å~êÉ= áíÉãë= áå= q~ÄäÉ= OKOI= ïÉ= ëÉÉ= ëí~íáëíáÅ~ääó= ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åí= ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅáÉë= Ñçê=
É~ÅÜ=Eé~áêÉÇ=ë~ãéäÉ= íJíÉëíFK=jçêÉçîÉêI=íÜÉ=ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅáÉë=~êÉ=éçëáíáîÉI=áåÇáÅ~íáåÖ=íÜ~í=
é~êíåÉêë=çîÉêÉëíáã~íÉ=íÜÉáê=çïå=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçåëK==
qÜÉ= Ñçìê= êáÖÜíJÜ~åÇ= Åçäìãåë= ëÜçï= íÜÉ= ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅó= çå= Éãçíáçå= ïçêâ= áíÉãëK=
páÖåáÑáÅ~åí= åÉÖ~íáîÉ=êÉëéçåëÉ= ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅáÉë=~êÉ=ÑçìåÇ=Ñçê=ÖáîáåÖ=ÖççÇ=~ÇîáÅÉ=íç=íÜÉ=
é~êíåÉê=~åÇ=êÉÅÉáîáåÖ=ÖççÇ=~ÇîáÅÉ=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=é~êíåÉêI=~åÇ=åç=ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅáÉë=Ñçê=Ü~îáåÖ=
ëÜçï=áåíÉêÉëí=áå=íÜÉ=éÉêëçå~ä=äáÑÉ=çÑ=çåÉÛë=é~êíåÉêI=~åÇ=Ü~îáåÖ=êÉÅÉáîÉÇ=ëìÅÜ=áåíÉêÉëíK==
qÜÉ=éÉêÅÉåí~ÖÉë=ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅó=áå=q~ÄäÉ=OKO=êÉéêÉëÉåí=íÜÉ=éêçéçêíáçå=çÑ=ÅçìéäÉë=
ïáíÜ= ~= ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅó= áå= íÜÉáê= ~åëïÉêëK= lå= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= ïçêâ= áíÉãëI= íÜÉëÉ= éÉêÅÉåí~ÖÉë=
î~êó= Ñêçã= OUB= çå= éêÉé~êáåÖ= ãÉ~äë= íç= QVB= çå= çÇÇ= àçÄëK= qÜÉ= éÉêÅÉåí~ÖÉë=
ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅó=çå=ÅÜáäÇ=Å~êÉ=áíÉãë=î~êó=Ñêçã=PMB=çå=Ä~íÜáåÖ=ÅÜáäÇêÉå=~åÇ=ÜÉäéáåÖ=íÜÉã=
íç=ÖÉí=ÇêÉëëÉÇ=íç=QOB=Ñçê=ëí~óáåÖ=~í=ÜçãÉ=ïÜÉå=íÜÉáê=ÅÜáäÇ=áë=áää=~åÇLçê=ÖÉííáåÖ=çìí=çÑ=
PT=
ÄÉÇ= ~í= åáÖÜíK= oÉÖ~êÇáåÖ= Éãçíáçå= ïçêâ= áíÉãëI= íÜÉ= éÉêÅÉåí~ÖÉë= ~êÉ= ÜáÖÜÉê= çå= ÖáîáåÖ=
~åÇ= çÄí~áåáåÖ= ÖççÇ=~ÇîáÅÉ= EPUBF= Åçãé~êÉÇ= íç=Ü~îáåÖ= ëÜçïå=áåíÉêÉëí= áå= É~ÅÜ= çíÜÉê=
ENSBFK= q~ÄäÉ= OKO= ~äëç= ëÜçïë= íÜÉ= éÉêÅÉåí~ÖÉë= çîÉêÉëíáã~íáçå= EïÜáÅÜI= ~ë= ïÉ= åçíÉÇ=
É~êäáÉêI= Å~å= êÉÑÉê= íç= ÉáíÜÉê= é~êíåÉêFK= qÜÉëÉ= éÉêÅÉåí~ÖÉë= ~êÉ= ÜáÖÜÉëí= çå= ÅäÉ~åáåÖ= ~åÇ=
çÇÇ=àçÄë=EPOB=êÉëéÉÅíáîÉäó=PRBF=~åÇ=ãìÅÜ=äçïÉê=çå=íÜÉ=áåíÉêÉëí=áíÉãë=EU=Ó=VBFK==
qÜÉ= Äçííçã= äáåÉ= çÑ= q~ÄäÉ= OKO= ëÜçïë= íÜÉ= ÅçêêÉä~íáçå= ÄÉíïÉÉå= íÜÉ= ÜìëÄ~åÇÛë=
~åÇ= ïáÑÉÛë= êÉéçêíë= çå= íÜÉ= ë~ãÉ= áíÉãK= cçê= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= ïçêâ= áíÉãë= íÜáë= ÅçÉÑÑáÅáÉåí=
ê~åÖÉë=Ñêçã=KRN= EçÇÇ= àçÄëF= íç=KUR= Eé~éÉêïçêâFK= cçê= ÅÜáäÇ= Å~êÉ= íÜÉ= ÅçÉÑÑáÅáÉåí= ê~åÖÉë=
Ñêçã= KOU= EÉãçíáçå~ä= ëìééçêí= íç= íÜÉ= ÅÜáäÇF= íç= KSV= Eí~âáåÖ= íÜÉ= ÅÜáäÇ= íç= ëÅÜççäFK=
evmlqebpfp= N= áë= ÅçåÑáêãÉÇ= Äó= íÜÉ= Ç~í~K= bãçíáçå= ïçêâ= áíÉãë= EáåÅäìÇáåÖ= Éãçíáçå~ä=
ëìééçêí=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅÜáäÇF=ëÜçï=íÜÉ=äçïÉëí=ÅçêêÉä~íáçåë=áå=íÜÉ=~åëïÉêë=çÑ=é~êíåÉêë=EKNS=Y=ê=
Y=KOSFK=qÜÉ=äçï=ÅçêêÉä~íáçåë=áãéäó=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=~åëïÉêë=~êÉ=êÉä~íáîÉäó=áåÇÉéÉåÇÉåí=çÑ=çåÉ=
~åçíÜÉêK=få=çíÜÉê=ïçêÇëW=íÜÉëÉ=ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅáÉë=~ééÉ~ê=íç=ÄÉ=ê~åÇçã=ÉÑÑÉÅíëK=
PU=
q~ÄäÉ=OKO=
=
jÉ~åë=~åÇ=ëí~åÇ~êÇ=ÇÉîá~íáçåë=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáîÉ=ëÜ~êÉ=çå=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=ïçêâI=ÅÜáäÇ=Å~êÉ=~åÇ=Éãçíáçå=ïçêâI=Éëíáã~íÉÇ=Äó=~åÅÜçê=~åÇ=
é~êíåÉêI=êÉëéçåëÉ=Äá~ëÉëI=éÉêÅÉåí~ÖÉ=çÑ=ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅóI=~åÇ=áåíÉêJé~êíåÉê=ÅçêêÉä~íáçåë=EkZNUNM=ÅçìéäÉëF=
=
=
=
=
=
eçìëÉÜçäÇ=ïçêâ=
=|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
jÉ~ä=
dêçÅÉêáÉë=
`äÉ~å=
m~éÉêïçêâ=
lÇÇ=àçÄë=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
QKMS=
PKTV=
QKMV=
OKVP=
OKPO=
EKVTF=
ENKMOF=
EKTSF=
ENKQQF=
EKVMF=
=
=
=
=
=
PKVR=
PKSP=
PKUS=
OKUO=
OKMQ=
EKVTF=
ENKMNF=
EKTNF=
ENKPUF=
EKUQF=
=
=
=
=
=
=KNMG=
=KNSG=
=KOQG=
=KNNG=
=KOUG=
EKRUF=
EKSPF=
EKSTF=
EKTUF=
EKUTF=
=
=
=
=
=
OUB=
PQB=
QNB=
QPB=
QVB=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
NVB=
OQB=
POB=
OSB=
PRB=
=
=
=
=
=
KUO=
KUN=
KRU=
KUR=
KRN=
=
=
=
=
=
=
`ÜáäÇ=Å~êÉ=
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||=
t~ëÜáåÖ=
=
=
=
~åÇ=
`~êÉ=Ñçê=áÑ= bãçíáçå~ä=
q~âÉ=íç=
ÇêÉëëáåÖ=
áää=
ëìééçêí=
ëÅÜççä=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
PKSU=
PKTS=
PKPO=
PKUP=
EKSVF=
EKUMF=
EKRSF=
EKVOF=
=
=
=
=
PKSO=
PKRU=
PKNS=
PKST=
EKSRF=
EKTRF=
EKQTF=
EKUSF=
=
=
=
=
=KMSG=
=KNUG=
=KNSG=
=KNTG=
EKSNF=
EKTPF=
EKSOF=
EKTNF=
=
=
=
=
PMB=
QOB=
POB=
PUB=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
NTB=
OVB=
OPB=
OTB=
=
=
=
=
KRV=
KRS=
KOU=
KSV=
=
=
=
=
=
bãçíáçå=ïçêâ=
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||=
dáîáåÖ=ÖççÇ=
oÉÅÉáîáåÖ=
e~îÉ=ëÜçïå= m~êíåÉê=Ü~ë=
~ÇîáÅÉ=íç=
ÖççÇ=~ÇîáÅÉ=
áåíÉêÉëí=áå=
ëÜçïå=
é~êíåÉê=
Ñêçã=é~êíåÉê=
é~êíåÉê=
áåíÉêÉëí=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
OKSM=
OKSM=
OKUV=
OKUV=
EKRSF=
EKRTF=
EKPQF=
EKPQF=
=
=
=
=
OKSR=
OKSR=
OKUV=
OKUT=
EKRPF=
EKROF=
EKPQF=
EKPSF=
=
=
=
=
JKMQG=
JKMRG=
KMM=
KMO=
EKTMF=
EKSTF=
EKQQF=
EKQQF=
=
=
=
=
PUB=
PUB=
NSB=
NSB=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
NTB=
NTB=
UB=
VB=
=
=
=
=
KOP=
KOR=
KNS=
KOO=
=
=
=
=
=
=
bëíáã~íÉÇ=ÄóW=
=
táÑÉ=
=
=
eìëÄ~åÇ=
=
=
aáëÅêÉé~åÅó=
=
=
B=aáëÅêÉé~åÅó=
=
B=ïÜáÅÜ=áë=çîÉêJ
Éëíáã~íáçå=
=
`çêêÉä~íáçå=
=
kçíÉëW==
^ëíÉêáëâë=EGF=áåÇáÅ~íÉ=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉ=ÄÉíïÉÉå=íÜÉ=íïç=Éëíáã~íÉë=áë=ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åíI=ìëáåÖ=é~áêÉÇ=ë~ãéäÉ=í=íÉëí=Eα=Z=KMRFK=qÜÉ=íçí~ä=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=ÅçìéäÉë=áë=NUNMK==
aáëÅêÉé~åÅó=Z=bëíáã~íÉ=Äó=íÜÉ=ïáÑÉ=Ó=bëíáã~íÉ=Äó=íÜÉ=ÜìëÄ~åÇK==
mçëáíáîÉ=ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅó=áåÇáÅ~íÉë=~å=çîÉêÉëíáã~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=é~êíåÉêë=çïå=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçåK=
qÜÉ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=ïçêâ=~åÇ=ÅÜáäÇ=Å~êÉ=áíÉãë=~êÉ=ãÉ~ëìêÉÇ=çå=~=RJéçáåí=ëÅ~äÉI=íÜÉ=~åëïÉê=Å~íÉÖçêáÉë=ïÉêÉ=~äï~óë=Äó=é~êíåÉê=ENFI=ãçêÉ=çÑíÉå=Äó=é~êíåÉê=EOFI=Éèì~ääó=EPFI=ãçêÉ=çÑíÉå=Äó=ãÉ=EQFI=~äï~óë=
Äó=ãÉ=ERFK=
qÜÉ=Éãçíáçå=ïçêâ=áíÉãë=~êÉ=ãÉ~ëìêÉÇ=çå=~=PJéçáåí=ëÅ~äÉI=íÜÉ=~åëïÉê=Å~íÉÖçêáÉë=ïÉêÉ=åçí=ENFI=ëçãÉíáãÉë=EOF=~åÇ=ëÉîÉê~ä=íáãÉë=EPFK=
=
=
OKQKO=oÉä~íáçåëÜáé=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅë=
q~ÄäÉ=OKP=ëÜçïë=íÜÉ=êÉëìäíë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ãìäíáî~êá~íÉ=~å~äóëÉëK=qç=áåíÉêéêÉí=íÜÉ=ÑáåÇáåÖëI=áí=
áë= ÜÉäéÑìä= íç= êÉãÉãÄÉê= íÜ~í= éçëáíáîÉ= ÅçÉÑÑáÅáÉåíë= êÉéêÉëÉåí= çîÉêÉëíáã~íáçå= çÑ= íÜÉ=
ÅçåíêáÄìíáçå=çÑ=ëÉäÑ=EçêW=ìåÇÉêÉëíáã~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=çíÜÉêFK=gìëí=~ë=Ñçê=
O
h~ãçÛë=ëíìÇó=EOMMMF=íÜÉ=o ë=~êÉ=ëã~ääW=IqÜáë=áë=åçí=ëìêéêáëáåÖ=ëáåÅÉ=íÜÉ=Éèì~íáçåë=íêó=
íç=éêÉÇáÅí=ëìÄíäÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë=ÄÉíïÉÉå=ÜìëÄ~åÇë=~åÇ=ïáîÉë=ïÜç=Éëíáã~íÉÇ=íÜÉ=ë~ãÉ=
éêçéÉêíóÒ=Eh~ãçI=OMMMW=éK=QSVFK=
oÉÖ~êÇáåÖ=íÜÉ=É~êåÉêíóéÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=Ñ~ãáäóI=q~ÄäÉ=OKP=ëÜçïë=ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åí=êÉëìäí=Ñçê=
íÜÉ=ëã~ää=çåÉJ~åÇJ~JÜ~äÑ=É~êåÉê=Ñ~ãáäóW=ãÉå=~åÇ=ïçãÉå=áå=íÜÉëÉ=ÅçìéäÉë=ãçêÉ=çÑíÉå=
çîÉêÉëíáã~íÉ=íÜÉáê=çïå=ëÜ~êÉ=çå=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=í~ëâë=Åçãé~êÉÇ=íç=ãÉå=~åÇ=ïçãÉå=áå=
ÄêÉ~ÇïáååÉê= ÅçìéäÉëK= qÜÉ= é~ííÉêå= áë= ëáãáä~ê= Ñçê= íÜÉ= íÜêÉÉ= íóéÉë= çÑ= í~ëâëW= íóéáÅ~ääó=
ÑÉã~äÉI=íóéáÅ~ääó=ã~äÉI=~åÇ=Éãçíáçå~ä=ïçêâ=í~ëâëK=q~ÄäÉ=OKP=ëÜçïë=åç=çîÉêÉëíáã~íáçå=
áå= ä~êÖÉ= çåÉJ~åÇJ~JÜ~äÑ= É~êåÉê= Ñ~ãáäáÉë= ~åÇ= áå= Çì~ä= É~êåÉê= Ñ~ãáäáÉëK= qÜáë= ãÉ~åë= íÜ~í=
evmlqebpfp= O~= áë= é~êíá~ääó= ÅçåÑáêãÉÇW= çîÉêÉëíáã~íáçå= áë= äÉëë= äáâÉäó= áå= ÄêÉ~ÇïáååÉê=
Ñ~ãáäáÉë=Åçãé~êÉÇ=íç=ëã~ää=çåÉJ~åÇJ~JÜ~äÑ=É~êåÉê=Ñ~ãáäáÉëK==
evmlqebpfp= OÄ= áë= ÅçåÑáêãÉÇ= Ñçê= ~ää= í~ëâë= áå= íÜÉ= í~ÄäÉW= ~= ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åí= åÉÖ~íáîÉ=
êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=áë=ÑçìåÇK=eìëÄ~åÇë=~åÇ=ïáîÉë=çîÉêÉëíáã~íÉ=íÜÉáê=çïå=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçå=ïÜÉå=
êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= èì~äáíó= áë= äçïI= ~åÇ= íÜÉó= çîÉêÉëíáã~íÉ= íÜÉ= ÅçåíêáÄìíáçå= çÑ= íÜÉáê= é~êíåÉêë=
ïÜÉå=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=èì~äáíó=áë=ÜáÖÜK==
=
cçê= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= Çìê~íáçåI= íÜÉ= êÉëìäíë= ~êÉ= ãáñÉÇK= qÜÉ= ÑáåÇáåÖë= Ñçê= ÑÉã~äÉ=
ÜçìëÉïçêâ=í~ëâë=~êÉ=ÅçåëáëíÉåí=ïáíÜ=evmlqebpfp=OÅW=~=ëÜçêíÉê=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=Çìê~íáçå=áë=
~ëëçÅá~íÉÇ= ïáíÜ= çîÉêÉëíáã~íáçå= Äó= ÜìëÄ~åÇ= ~åÇ= ïáÑÉK= cçê= ã~äÉ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= í~ëâëI=
q~ÄäÉ= OKP= ëÜçïë= åç= êÉä~íáçå= ÄÉíïÉÉå= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= Çìê~íáçå= ~åÇ= êÉëéçåëÉ=
ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅóK= cçê= Éãçíáçå= ïçêâI= íÜÉ= çÄëÉêîÉÇ= ~ëëçÅá~íáçå= áë= çééçëáíÉ= íç= ïÜ~í= ï~ë=
ÉñéÉÅíÉÇW=~=äçåÖÉê=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=Çìê~íáçå=áë=~ëëçÅá~íÉÇ=ïáíÜ=ÖêÉ~íÉê=çîÉêÉëíáã~íáçå=çÑ=
ÜìëÄ~åÇ=~åÇ=ïáÑÉK==
oÉÖ~êÇáåÖ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= ëí~íìëI= ïÉ= ÜóéçíÜÉëáòÉÇ= íÜ~í= áÑ= áåîÉëíáåÖ= áå= ìåé~áÇ=
ÇçãÉëíáÅ= ä~Äçìê= áë=~= ïÉáÖÜíó=áëëìÉ= Ñçê= é~êíåÉêë=Ó= ~ë= áí= éêçÄ~Ääó= áë=áå=ÅçÜ~Äáí~íáçå= Ó=
íÜÉó= ~êÉ= ãçêÉ= çÑíÉå= áåÅäáåÉÇ= íç= ëÜçï= ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅáÉë= áå= íÜÉáê= êÉéçêíë= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ=
í~ëâëK= tÉ= ÑáåÇ= íÜ~í= ÅçÜ~ÄáíáåÖ= áåÇáîáÇì~äë= ~êÉ= ãçêÉ= çÑíÉå= áåÅäáåÉÇ= íç= çîÉêÉëíáã~íÉ=
íÜÉáê=çïå=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçå=íç=ÑÉã~äÉ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=í~ëâë=~åÇ=Éãçíáçå=ïçêâK=qÜáë=ÑáåÇáåÖ=áë=
ÅçåëáëíÉåí=ïáíÜ=evmlqebpfp=OÇK=
=
=
=
QM=
q~ÄäÉ=OKP=
=
lip= êÉÖêÉëëáçå= Éëíáã~íÉë= Ñçê= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅë= ~åÇ= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë= ÄÉíïÉÉå= é~êíåÉêë= çå= íÜêÉÉ= êÉéçêí= ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅáÉë= Eëí~åÇ~êÇáòÉÇ=
ÅçÉÑÑáÅáÉåíëF=
=
=
=
oÉä~íáçåëÜáé=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅë=
b~êåÉê=íóéÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅçìéäÉ=
_êÉ~ÇïáååÉê=Ñ~ãáäó=EêÉÑF=
låÉJ~åÇJ~JÜ~äÑ=É~êåÉê=Ñ~ãáäó=Eëã~ääF=
låÉJ~åÇJ~JÜ~äÑ=É~êåÉê=Ñ~ãáäó=Eä~êÖÉF=
aì~ä=É~êåÉê=Ñ~ãáäó=
líÜÉê=
=
oÉä~íáçåëÜáé=èì~äáíó==
oÉä~íáçåëÜáé=Çìê~íáçå=
oÉä~íáçåëÜáé=ëí~íìë=EN=Z=ã~êêáÉÇF=
=
aáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë=ÄÉíïÉÉå=é~êíåÉêë=
kç=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉ=EêÉÑF=
tçã~å=ãçêÉ=ÉÖ~äáí~êá~å=~ííáíìÇÉë=
j~å=ãçêÉ=ÉÖ~äáí~êá~å=~ííáíìÇÉë=
kç=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉ=EêÉÑF=
tçã~å=ÜáÖÜÉê=ÉÇìÅ~íÉÇ=
j~å=ÜáÖÜÉê=ÉÇìÅ~íÉÇ=
kç=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉ=EêÉÑF=
tçã~å=ÖçÉë=íç=Ñ~ãáäó=ãçêÉ=çÑíÉå=~äçåÉ=
j~å=ÖçÉë=íç=Ñ~ãáäó=ãçêÉ=çÑíÉå=~äçåÉ=
kç=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉ=EêÉÑF=
tçã~å=ÖçÉë=íç=ÑêáÉåÇë=ãçêÉ=çÑíÉå=~äçåÉ=
j~å=ÖçÉë=íç=ÑêáÉåÇë=ãçêÉ=çÑíÉå=~äçåÉ=
=
qçí~ä=ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅó=çå==
ÑÉã~äÉ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=í~ëâë==
=
=
=
=
KMSQGG=
KMPT=
KMOV=
KMNQ=
=
JKMTPGG=
JKMQUG=
JKMQRG=
=
=
=
JKMMT=
KMQNG=
=
JKMNQ=
JKMMU=
=
KMMS=
KMOV=
=
KMNP=
JKMMT=
=
qçí~ä=ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅó=çå==
ã~äÉ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=í~ëâë==
=
=
=
=
KMRQG=
KMMQ=
JKMMS=
JKMRR@=
=
=
JKMRRG
KMPP=
JKMNM=
=
=
=
JKMMR=
JKMNS=
=
JKMQVG=
KMMS=
=
JKMMR=
KMOS=
=
KMNO=
JKMPM=
=
aáëÅêÉé~åÅó=çå==
~å=Éãçíáçå=ïçêâ=í~ëâ==
=
=
=
=
KMSMG=
KMPN=
JKMSMG=
JKMMV=
=
JKMSRGG=
KMRNG=
JKMSVGG=
=
=
=
KMMR=
KMPP=
=
JKMOS=
JKMOS=
=
JKMMS=
JKMQQ=
=
JKMQV@=
JKMQO=
=
`çåíêçäë=
eçìëÉïçêâ=çìíëçìêÅáåÖ==
få=Ñáêëí=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=EêÉÑF=
tçã~å=Ü~Ç=é~êíåÉê=ÄÉÑçêÉ=
j~å=Ü~Ç=é~êíåÉê=ÄÉÑçêÉ=
=
=
k=
O=
o
@=é=Y=KNMK===G=é=Y=KMRK==GG=é=Y=KMNK=GGG=é=Y=KMMN=
=
=
KMMN=
=
JKMPP=
KMPO=
=
KMPQ=
=
JKMPM=
KMSVG=
=
JKMOR=
=
JKMMS=
KMMV=
=
NTVM=
KMNV=
=
NTUT=
KMON=
=
NRVV=
KMOQ=
OKQKP=aáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë=ÄÉíïÉÉå=é~êíåÉêë=
evmlqebpfp= P~= áë= é~êíá~ääó= ÅçåÑáêãÉÇ=
Äó= íÜÉ= Ç~í~K= tÉ= ÜóéçíÜÉëáòÉÇ= íÜ~í= ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ=
ÜìëÄ~åÇë=~åÇ=ïáîÉë=ïáíÜ=ãçêÉ=ÉÖ~äáí~êá~å= ~ííáíìÇÉë=ëíêáîÉ=Ñçê=~=ãçêÉ=Éèì~ä=Çáîáëáçå=
çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâI= íÜÉó= çîÉêÉëíáã~íÉ= íÜÉ= ÜìëÄ~åÇÛë= ÅçåíêáÄìíáçå= íç= ÜçìëÉïçêâK= ^=
ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åí=ÅçêêÉä~íáçå=áë=ÑçìåÇ=çå=ÑÉã~äÉ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=í~ëâëW=ïÜÉå=íÜÉ=ã~å=Ü~ë=ãçêÉ=
ÉÖ~äáí~êá~å=~ííáíìÇÉë=íÜ~å=Üáë=ïáÑÉI=ÜÉ=çîÉêÉëíáã~íÉë=Üáë=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçåK=
evmlqebpfp= PÄ= áë= ~äëç= é~êíá~ääó= ÅçåÑáêãÉÇW= ïÉ= ÜóéçíÜÉëáòÉÇ= íÜ~í= ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ=
ÜìëÄ~åÇë= ~åÇ= ïáîÉë= ïÜç= ~êÉ= ÄÉííÉê= ÉÇìÅ~íÉÇ= íÜ~å= íÜÉáê= é~êíåÉêë= ëíêáîÉ= Ñçê= ~= ãçêÉ=
Éèì~ä= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâI= íÜÉó= çîÉêÉëíáã~íÉ= íÜÉ= ÜìëÄ~åÇÛë= ÅçåíêáÄìíáçå= íç=
ÜçìëÉïçêâK= ^= ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åí= ÅçêêÉä~íáçå= áë= ÑçìåÇ= çå= ã~äÉ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= í~ëâëW= ïÜÉå=
ïçãÉå= ~êÉ= ãçêÉ= ÜáÖÜäó= ÉÇìÅ~íÉÇ= íÜ~å= íÜÉáê= ÜìëÄ~åÇëI= íÜÉó= çîÉêÉëíáã~íÉ= íÜÉ=
ÅçåíêáÄìíáçå=çÑ=íÜÉáê=ÜìëÄ~åÇëK=
=
aáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë= áå= äáÑÉëíóäÉ= ëÉÉã= íç= éä~ó= åç= êçäÉ= çÑ= áãéçêí~åÅÉK= lÑ= íïÉäîÉ=
ÅçÉÑÑáÅáÉåíëI=çåäó=çåÉ=áë=ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åíI=~=ÑáåÇáåÖ=íÜ~í=áë=éêçÄ~Ääó=ÇìÉ=íç=ÅÜ~åÅÉK=qÜìë=ïÉ=
ÑáåÇ= äáííäÉ= ëìééçêí= Ñçê= evmlqebpfp= PÅ= ïÜáÅÜ= ~ëëìãÉÇ= ÖêÉ~íÉê= ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅáÉë= áå=
êÉä~íáçåëÜáéë=ïÜÉêÉ=é~êíåÉêë=Ü~îÉ=äáííäÉ=âåçïäÉÇÖÉ=çÑ=ïÜ~í=íÜÉ=çíÜÉê=é~êíåÉê=áë=ÇçáåÖ=
ïÜÉå=ÜÉ=çê=ëÜÉ=áë=åçí=~í=ÜçãÉK=
=
=
OKR=`çåÅäìëáçå=~åÇ=ÇáëÅìëëáçå==
=
qÜáë= ~êíáÅäÉ= Éñ~ãáåÉÇ= íÜÉ= ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅó= áå= ÜìëÄ~åÇëÛ= ~åÇ= ïáîÉëÛ= êÉéçêíë= çå= íÜÉ=
Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=Äó=äççâáåÖ=~í=î~êáçìë=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=ïçêâI=ÅÜáäÇ=Å~êÉ=~åÇ=Éãçíáçå=
ïçêâ= í~ëâëK= qÜêÉÉ= ëçìêÅÉë= çÑ= êÉëéçåëÉ= ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅó= ïÉêÉ= áåîÉëíáÖ~íÉÇW= íÜÉ= íóéÉ= çÑ=
ÜçìëÉïçêâ= í~ëâëI= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅëI= ~åÇ= ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅë= çÑ= íÜÉ= é~êíåÉêëK=
^åÇ= ~äíÜçìÖÜ= ïÉ= Çç= åçí= âåçï= ~åóíÜáåÖ= ~Äçìí= íÜÉ= ÚíêìÉÛ= ÅçåíêáÄìíáçåë= çÑ= ÜìëÄ~åÇë=
~åÇ=ïáîÉë=EçîÉêÉëíáã~íáçå=áë=çåäó=ìëÉÇ=áå=êÉä~íáçå=íç=íÜÉ=êÉéçêí=çÑ=íÜÉ=çíÜÉê=é~êíåÉêFI=
Äó= Ñçêãìä~íáåÖ= ~åÇ= íÉëíáåÖ= ÜóéçíÜÉëÉë= ~Äçìí= ìåÇÉêäóáåÖ= ãÉÅÜ~åáëãë= êÉÖ~êÇáåÖ=
çîÉêÉëíáã~íáçå=çê=ìåÇÉêÉëíáã~íáçåI=ïÉ=~áãÉÇ=íç=Ö~áå=áåëáÖÜí=áåíç=ïÜÉíÜÉê=íÜáë=áë=íÜÉ=
ïáÑÉ=çê=íÜÉ=ÜìëÄ~åÇK=
=
^ÅÅçêÇáåÖ=íç=h~ãç=EOMMMF=âåçïäÉÇÖÉ=~Äçìí=íÜÉ=é~êíåÉêÛë=ëÜ~êÉ=çÑ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=
í~ëâë=êÉÇìÅÉë=íÜÉ=ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅó=áå=ÜìëÄ~åÇëÛ=~åÇ=ïáîÉëÛ=êÉéçêíëK=tÉ=~êÖìÉÇ=íÜ~í=áí=áë=
É~ëáÉê=íç=ÄÉ=áåÑçêãÉÇ=~Äçìí=ÅÉêí~áå=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=í~ëâë=íÜ~å=çíÜÉêëK=fí=áë=ãçêÉ=ÇáÑÑáÅìäí=
íç= ÄÉ= áåÑçêãÉÇ= ~Äçìí= Éãçíáçå= ïçêâ= íÜ~å= ~Äçìí= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= ïçêâ= ~åÇ= ÅÜáäÇ= Å~êÉK=
bãçíáçå= ïçêâ= êÉÑÉêë= íç= ëìÅÜ= í~ëâë= ~ë= ÖáîáåÖ= ~ÇîáÅÉ= íç= çåÉÛë= é~êíåÉê= çê= ëÜçïáåÖ=
áåíÉêÉëí=áå=íÜÉ=éÉêëçå~ä=äáÑÉ=çÑ=çåÉÛë=é~êíåÉêK=sáêíì~ääó=åç=ëóëíÉã~íáÅ=ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅó=ï~ë=
ÑçìåÇ=Ñçê=íÜÉëÉ=áíÉãëI=ïÜáÅÜ=áë=ÅçåëáëíÉåí=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=åçíáçå=íÜ~í=é~êíåÉêë=Çç=åçí=Ü~îÉ=
~å= ~ÅÅìê~íÉ= îáÉï= çÑ= íÜÉ= Éãçíáçå= ïçêâ= íÜ~í= áë=ÇçåÉK= ^åçíÜÉê=ï~ó= çÑ= éìííáåÖ=áí= áë=íç=
QP=
ë~ó= íÜ~í= íÜÉëÉ= í~ëâë= ~êÉ= äÉëë= èì~åíáÑá~ÄäÉI= äÉ~ÇáåÖ= íç= ~= äÉëë= ÅäÉ~ê= îáÉï= çÑ= íÜÉ= çíÜÉê=
é~êíåÉêÛë=ëÜ~êÉK=
tÉ=~êÖìÉÇ=íÜ~í=íç=áåÅêÉ~ëÉ= çìê= ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ= å~íìêÉ= çÑ=íÜÉ= ÜìëÄ~åÇJ
ïáÑÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéI=ïÉ=åÉÉÇ=íç=áåÅäìÇÉ=î~êá~ÄäÉë=íÜ~í=~êÉ=~=êÉÑäÉÅíáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=
çÑ= ÄçíÜ= é~êíåÉêëK= `çåëáëíÉåí= ïáíÜ= íÜáë= ~êÖìãÉåí= ïÉ= ÑáåÇ= íÜ~í= ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅë= çÑ= íÜÉ=
ÅçìéäÉ=éêçîáÇÉ=íÜÉ=ÄÉëí=Éñéä~å~íáçåë=Ñçê=êÉëéçåëÉ=ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅáÉëK=oÉä~íáçåëÜáé=èì~äáíó=
áë=íÜÉ=ëíêçåÖÉëí= éêÉÇáÅíçê= çÑ= çîÉêÉëíáã~íáçåK=eáÖÜJêÉä~íáçåëÜáé=èì~äáíó=ÅçìéäÉë=ãáÖÜí=
ÖáîÉ=íÜÉáê=é~êíåÉêë=íÜÉ=ÄÉåÉÑáí=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÇçìÄí=~åÇ=~êÉ=ãçíáî~íÉÇ=íç=çîÉêäççâ=íÜÉáê=Ñ~ìäíë=
ïÜÉêÉ~ë= éççêJêÉä~íáçåëÜáé= èì~äáíó= ÅçìéäÉë= ãáÖÜí= ÄÉ= ãçíáî~íÉÇ= åçí= íç= ëÉÉ=
ÅçåëíêìÅíáîÉ=ÄÉÜ~îáçìê=çÑ=íÜÉ=çíÜÉêK=
qÜÉ= ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅó= çå= ÑÉã~äÉ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= í~ëâëI= ã~äÉ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= í~ëâë= ~åÇ=
Éãçíáçå=ïçêâ=ï~ë=~äëç=êÉä~íÉÇ=íç=íÜÉ=É~êåÉê=íóéÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=Ñ~ãáäóK=qÜÉ=ëã~ääJçåÉJ~åÇJ~J
Ü~äÑ=É~êåÉê=Ñ~ãáäó=ëÜçïÉÇ=íÜÉ=çåäó=~ëëçÅá~íáçå=ïáíÜ=ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅóK=fí=ã~ó=ÄÉ=íÜÉ=Å~ëÉ=
íÜ~í= ïáîÉë= áå= íÜÉëÉ= ÅçìéäÉë= ÑáåÇ= áí= ìåÑ~áê= íÜ~í= íÜÉó= Çç= ãçëí= çÑ= íÜÉ= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= ïçêâ=
ïÜáäÉ= íÜÉó= ~äëç= Ü~îÉ= ~= ëã~ää= é~êíJíáãÉ= àçÄK= fí= áë= íÜìë= åçí= íÜÉ= ÚëÉÅçåÇ= ëÜáÑíÛ=
EeçÅÜëÅÜáäÇI= NVUVF= áå= Çì~ä= É~êåÉê= Ñ~ãáäáÉë= áå= ïÜáÅÜ= ÄçíÜ= é~êíåÉêë= ïçêâ= Éèì~ä= Üçìêë=
íÜ~í=áë=êÉä~íÉÇ=íç=íÜÉ=ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅóI=Äìí=ÇçáåÖ=íÜÉ=ëÉÅçåÇ=ëÜáÑí=áå=~ÇÇáíáçå=íç=~=Eëã~ääF=
é~êíJíáãÉ= àçÄK= qÜÉ= ÄìêÇÉå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= ã~ó= ÄÉ= ÑÉäí= ÉëéÉÅá~ääó= Äó= ïáîÉë= ïáíÜ= é~êíJ
íáãÉ= àçÄëI= ïÜç= éêÉëìã~Ääó= Ü~îÉ= ~= ïÉ~â= Ä~ëáë= Ñçê= Åä~áãáåÖ= ~å= Éèì~ä= ëÜ~êÉ= áå=
ÜçìëÉïçêâ= Ñêçã= íÜÉáê= ÜìëÄ~åÇëK= cÉÉäáåÖ= Å~ìÖÜí= ÄÉíïÉÉå= ÇçáåÖ= ~ää= íÜÉ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ=
~åÇ= Ü~îáåÖ= äáãáíÉÇ= ïçêâáåÖ= Üçìêë= ~ééÉ~êë= íç= êÉëìäí= áå= ~å= çîÉêÉëíáã~íáçå= çÑ= ïáîÉëÛ=
ÅçåíêáÄìíáçå=íç=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=ïçêâK==
oÉä~íáçåëÜáé= ëí~íìë=~åÇ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= Çìê~íáçå=ïÉêÉ= åçí=ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åíäó= êÉä~íÉÇ=íç=
íÜÉ= ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅó= çå= ã~äÉ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= í~ëâëI= Äìí= íÜÉó= ïÉêÉ= Ñçê= íÜÉ= ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅó= çå=
ÑÉã~äÉ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= í~ëâëK= Új~äÉÛ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= í~ëâë= ãáÖÜí= ÇáÑÑÉê= Ñêçã= íÜÉ= ÑÉã~äÉ=
ÜçìëÉïçêâ=~åÇ=EÑÉã~äÉF=Éãçíáçå=ïçêâ=í~ëâë=áå=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=ä~ííÉê=~êÉ=çåÖçáåÖ=~ÅíáîáíáÉë=
EeçÅÜëÅÜáäÇI= NVUVX= `çäíê~åÉI= OMMMFK= m~éÉêïçêâ= ~åÇ= çÇÇ= àçÄë= ~êÉ= ÇçåÉ= ãçêÉ=
áåÅáÇÉåí~ääóK= lÇÇ= àçÄë= ëÜçï= íÜÉ= ÜáÖÜÉëí= éÉêÅÉåí~ÖÉ= ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅóK= qÜÉëÉ= ÑáåÇáåÖë=
ìåÇÉêëÅçêÉ= íÜÉ= áãéçêí~åÅÉ= çÑ= ÇáëíáåÖìáëÜáåÖ= íóéáÅ~ääó= ã~äÉ= ~åÇ= íóéáÅ~ääó= ÑÉã~äÉ=
ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=í~ëâë=áå=êÉëÉ~êÅÜK==
QQ=
=
=
`Ü~éíÉê=P=
=
aÉéÉåÇÉåÅó=ïáíÜáå=ÅçìéäÉë=ïáíÜ=ÅÜáäÇêÉå=äáîáåÖ=
~í=ÜçãÉW=Åçãé~êáåÖ=éçêí~ÄäÉ=~åÇ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJ
ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=áåîÉëíãÉåíë=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
^Äëíê~Åí=
aÉéÉåÇÉåÅó=é~ííÉêåë=áå=é~êíåÉê=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéë=ÄÉäçåÖ=íç=íÜÉ=ÜÉ~êí=çÑ=íÜÉ=Åä~ëëáÅ~ä=ëçÅáçäçÖáÅ~ä=
ÅçåÅÉêå=ïáíÜ=éêçÅÉëëÉë=çÑ=áåÇáîáÇì~äáò~íáçåK=qÜáë=~êíáÅäÉ=ÉñéäçêÉë=íÜÉëÉ=ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅó=é~ííÉêåë=
Äó=ÇáëíáåÖìáëÜáåÖ=éçêí~ÄäÉ=~åÇ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ=áåîÉëíãÉåíëK=mçêí~ÄäÉ=áåîÉëíãÉåíë=ã~âÉ=
é~êíåÉêë= ãçêÉ= áåÇÉéÉåÇÉåí= çÑ= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéI= ïÜÉêÉ~ë= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ= áåîÉëíãÉåíë=
ã~âÉ=é~êíåÉêë=ãçêÉ=áåíÉêÇÉéÉåÇÉåíK=^=ëâÉïÉÇ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=áë=çÑíÉå=Éñéä~áåÉÇ=Äó=
~= éççê= åÉÖçíá~íáçå= éçëáíáçå= çÑ= ïçãÉåW= Äó= ~= åÉÖ~íáîÉ= ÅçêêÉä~íáçå= ÄÉíïÉÉå= éçêí~ÄäÉ=
áåîÉëíãÉåí=~åÇ=íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâK=qÜÉ=ÅÉåíê~ä=èìÉëíáçå=áå=íÜáë=~êíáÅäÉ=áë=ïÜÉíÜÉê=áí=áë=
éä~ìëáÄäÉ= íç= ~ëëìãÉ= íÜ~í= íÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ä~Äçê= áå= íÜÉ= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= áë= áåÇÉÉÇ= ÇêáîÉå= Äó= íÜÉ=
ÇáëíêáÄìíáçå= çÑ= éçêí~ÄäÉ= êÉëçìêÅÉë= EáKÉK= Äó= åÉÖçíá~íáçå= éçïÉêFK= qÜÉ= Ç~í~= çå= ÅçìéäÉë= ïáíÜ=
ÅÜáäÇêÉå= áå= íÜÉ= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= EkZNUNMF= ÅçãÉ= Ñêçã= ~= ä~êÖÉ= êÉéêÉëÉåí~íáîÉ= ë~ãéäÉ= çå= Ñ~ãáäó=
ëçäáÇ~êáíó= çÑ= íÜÉ= aìíÅÜ= éçéìä~íáçå= EíÜÉ= kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë= háåëÜáé= m~åÉä= píìÇóFK= pÉîÉê~ä= éçêí~ÄäÉ=
~åÇ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ= áåîÉëíãÉåíë= ~êÉ= ÅçãÄáåÉÇ= áåíç= çåÉ= ä~íÉåí= Åä~ëë= ãçÇÉäK= cçìê=
ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=Åä~ëëÉë=~êÉ=ÑçìåÇI=É~ÅÜ=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáòÉÇ=Äó=~=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅó=é~ííÉêåW=íê~Çáíáçå~ä=
íáÖÜí= ÅçìéäÉëI= íê~Çáíáçå~ä= äççëÉ= ÅçìéäÉëI= ìåÄ~ä~åÅÉÇ= ÅçìéäÉëI= ~åÇ= éÉÉê= ÅçìéäÉëK= qÜÉ= éÉÉê=
ÅçìéäÉë= Ü~îÉ= ~= ãìÅÜ= äÉëë= ëâÉïÉÇ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= íÜ~å= íÜÉ= çíÜÉêëK= qÜÉ= êÉëìäíë=
ëìééçêí= ~= IëçÅá~ä= ê~íáçå~äáíóÒ= ~ééêç~ÅÜ= áå= ïÜáÅÜ= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí= äçÖáÅë= ~êÉ= ~ëëìãÉÇ= íç= ÖçîÉêå=
Iä~êÖÉÒ= ~åÇ= Iëã~ääÒ= ÇÉÅáëáçåëW= íÜÉ= Çáëéêçéçêíáçå~íÉäó= ä~êÖÉ= ÅçåíêáÄìíáçå= çÑ= ïçãÉå= íç=
ÜçìëÉïçêâ= áë= ãçêÉ= äáâÉäó= íÜÉ= êÉëìäí= çÑ= ~= Åìãìä~íáçå= çÑ= ëã~ää= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= íÜ~å= çÑ= éçïÉê=
ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë=~åÇ=åÉÖçíá~íáçåë=íÜ~í=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáòÉ=ä~êÖÉ=ÇÉÅáëáçåëK=
`Ü~éíÉê=P=
=
=
=
aÉéÉåÇÉåÅó=ïáíÜáå=ÅçìéäÉë=ïáíÜ=ÅÜáäÇêÉå=äáîáåÖ=~í=ÜçãÉW=
Q
Åçãé~êáåÖ=éçêí~ÄäÉ=~åÇ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ=áåîÉëíãÉåíë =
=
=
PKN=fåíêçÇìÅíáçå=
=
páåÅÉ= íÜÉ= ëáñíáÉë= çÑ= íÜÉ= íïÉåíáÉíÜ= ÅÉåíìêó= íÜÉêÉ= Ü~ë= ÄÉÉå= ~= éêçÅÉëë= çÑ= ÇÉJ
ëí~åÇ~êÇáò~íáçå= áå= íÜÉ= ï~ó= éÉçéäÉ= ëÜ~éÉ= íÜÉáê= é~êíåÉê= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéë= ~åÇ= Ñ~ãáäó= äáÑÉK=
qÜÉ=çåÖçáåÖ=éêçÅÉëë=çÑ=Éã~åÅáé~íáçå=~åÇ=áåÇáîáÇì~äáò~íáçå=ÅêÉ~íÉë=~å=ÉîÉê=áåÅêÉ~ëáåÖ=
êççã= Ñçê= áåÇáîáÇì~ä= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= EiáÉÑÄêçÉê= ~åÇ= aóâëíê~I= OMMNX= ëÉÉ= ~äëç= _äìãëíÉáå= ~åÇ=
pÅÜï~êíòI= NVUPX= dáÇÇÉåëI= NVVOX= _ÉÅâ= ~åÇ= _ÉÅâJdÉêåëÜÉáãI= NVVRX= iÉïáëI= OMMNX=
g~åëÉåI= OMMOX= o~äÉóI= j~ííáåÖäóI= ~åÇ= _á~åÅÜáI= OMMSFK= qÜÉêÉ= áë= ãçêÉ= ÉãéÜ~ëáë= çå=
áåÇáîáÇì~ä= ÑêÉÉÇçã= ~åÇ= ~ìíçåçãóI= éÉêëçå~ä= ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíI= ~åÇ= Éèì~äáíó= ÄÉíïÉÉå=
é~êíåÉêë=EëçÅáçJÅìäíìê~ä=ÅçãéçåÉåíF=~åÇ=éÉçéäÉ=ã~êêó=äÉëë=~åÇ=ä~íÉêI=ÄÉÅçãÉ=é~êÉåíë=
ä~íÉê= áå= äáÑÉ= ~åÇ= ã~êêá~ÖÉë= ~êÉ= ÉåÇáåÖ= ãçêÉ= çÑíÉå= áå= ÇáîçêÅÉ= EëçÅáçJÇÉãçÖê~éÜáÅ=
ÅçãéçåÉåíFK= kÉîÉêíÜÉäÉëëI= ÅÜ~åÖÉë= áå= Ñ~ãáäó= ÄÉÜ~îáçê= ëÜçìäÇ= åçí= ÄÉ= Éñ~ÖÖÉê~íÉÇ=
EiÉïáëI= OMMNFK= cçê= Éñ~ãéäÉI= ïçãÉå= ~êÉ= ãìÅÜ= ãçêÉ= ~ÅíáîÉ= áå= íÜÉ= ä~Äçê= ã~êâÉí=
åçï~Ç~óëI= Äìí= íÜáë= ÇçÉë= åçí= ãÉ~å= íÜ~í= íÜÉó= É~êå= ÉåçìÖÜ= íç= ÄÉ= ÉÅçåçãáÅ~ääó=
áåÇÉéÉåÇÉåí= áåÇáîáÇì~äëK= iÉïáë= EOMMNF= ~êÖìÉë= íÜ~í= çåäó= íç= ëçãÉ= ÉñíÉåí= áë=
áåÇáîáÇì~äáò~íáçå= áåÉîáí~ÄäÉX= áí= áë= íÜÉ= ÚçìÖÜíÛ= áå= êÉÖ~êÇ= íç= íÜÉ= ÄÉÜ~îáçê= çÑ= ãÉå= ~åÇ=
ïçãÉå= áå= Ñ~ãáäáÉë= íÜ~í=áë= ÅçåëáÇÉê~Ääó= äÉëë= ëéÉÅáÑáÉÇ= íÜ~å= áí= ï~ë= ~= ÖÉåÉê~íáçå= ~ÖçK=
qÜáë=äÉ~îÉë=êççã=Ñçê=éÉçéäÉ=íç=Ü~îÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=ï~óë=áå=ëÜ~éáåÖ=íÜÉáê=Ñ~ãáäó=äáÑÉK=eçï=
Çç=íÜÉó=Çç=áí=~åÇ=ïÜ~í=~ëéÉÅíë=~êÉ=é~êíáÅìä~êäó=êÉäÉî~åí=íç=äççâ=~í\==
`çäíê~åÉ= EOMMMF= ÅçåÅäìÇÉÇ= íÜ~í= Ç~í~= ëìééçêí= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí= íÜÉçêáÉëW= êÉä~íáîÉ=
êÉëçìêÅÉë= EéçïÉê= ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅÉFI= ÖÉåÇÉê= áÇÉçäçÖó= ~åÇ= íáãÉ= ~î~áä~Äáäáíó= Åçåëíê~áåíëK=
qÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= ä~Äçê= ëÉÉãë= íç= Ü~îÉ= ÄÉÅçãÉ= ~= é~ê~ÇáÖã~íáÅ= Ççã~áå= Ñçê=
áåîÉëíáÖ~íáåÖ= íÜÉ= áåíêáÅ~íÉ= áåíÉêéä~ó= çÑ= î~êáçìë= ëçÅá~ä= éêçÅÉëëÉëK= IeçìëÉÜçäÇ= ä~Äçê=
ÉãÄçÇáÉë= ~= ëÉí= çÑ= ÅçãéäÉñ= ã~íÉêá~ä= ~åÇ= ëóãÄçäáÅ= éê~ÅíáÅÉë= íÜ~í= ÅçåëíáíìíÉ= ~åÇ=
êÉéêçÇìÅÉ= Ç~áäó= äáÑÉKÒ= E`çäíê~åÉ= OMMMI= éK= NOOSF= dáîÉå= íÜÉ= ÉãéÜ~ëáë= çå= áåÅêÉ~ëÉÇ=
áåÇáîáÇì~ä=ÑêÉÉÇçãI=áí=áë=åçí=ëìêéêáëáåÖ=íÜ~í=ëçÅáçäçÖáëíë=~åÇ=ÉÅçåçãáëíë=Ü~îÉ=ÑçÅìëÉÇ=
ÜÉ~îáäó= çå= é~ííÉêåë= çÑ= ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅÉ= ÄÉíïÉÉå= ÜìëÄ~åÇ= ~åÇ= ïáÑÉ= ~åÇ= çå= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáîÉ=
éçïÉê=íç=åÉÖçíá~íÉ=íÜÉ=êÉ~äáò~íáçå=çÑ=çåÉDë=çïå=áåíÉêÉëíë=ïáíÜáå=íÜÉ=Ñê~ãÉïçêâ=çÑ=~=
Q
= qÜáë= ÅÜ~éíÉê= áë= ÅçJ~ìíÜçêÉÇ= Äó= páÖá= iáåÇÉåÄÉêÖI= mÉ~êä= aóâëíê~= ~åÇ= qêìÇáÉ= håáàå= ~åÇ= Ü~ë= ÄÉÉå=
ëìÄãáííÉÇ=Ñçê=éìÄäáÅ~íáçå=áå=~å=áåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=àçìêå~ä=
QT=
é~êíåÉê= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= EëÉÉ= Ñçê= Éñ~ãéäÉ= båÖä~åÇ= ~åÇ= háäÄçìêåÉI= NVVMX= iìåÇÄÉêÖ= ~åÇ=
mçää~ÅâI= NVVSFK= vÉíI= ÉîÉå= íÜçìÖÜ= íÜÉêÉ= ~êÉ= åÉï= áãéçêí~åí= îçáÅÉë= íÜ~í= ÇçìÄí= íÜÉ=
Ä~êÖ~áåáåÖ=îáÉï=EëÉÉ=dìéí~I=OMMTFI=áí=áë=Ñ~áê=íç=ë~ó=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáîÉ=éçïÉê=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉ=
Ä~ëÉÇ=çå=ÜìëÄ~åÇëÛ=áåÅçãÉ=Åçãé~êÉÇ=íç=íÜÉáê=ïáÑÉÛë=Ü~ë=ÄÉÅçãÉ=~=îÉêó=éêçãáåÉåí=
éáÉÅÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= éìòòäÉI= Ä~ëÉÇ= çå= íÜÉ= ëÉÉãáåÖäó= êçÄìëí= ÉîáÇÉåÅÉ= íÜ~í= ïÜÉå= ÜìëÄ~åÇë=
É~êå= ãçêÉ= íÜ~å= íÜÉáê= ïáîÉëI= íÜÉ= ïáîÉëÛ= ëÜ~êÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= ä~Äçê= ÅçêêÉä~íÉë=
éçëáíáîÉäó= ïáíÜ= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáîÉ= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉ= áå= áåÅçãÉK= ^= éçïÉê= çê= ÉñÅÜ~åÖÉJÄ~ëÉÇ=
Ä~êÖ~áåáåÖ=~ééêç~ÅÜ=áë=îÉêó=~ééÉ~äáåÖ=ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ=áí=ÇÉ~äë=ïáíÜ=Éã~åÅáé~íÉÇ=~Åíçêë=ïÜç=
ê~íáçå~ääó=êÉëéçåÇ=íç=íÜÉ=ÖáîÉå=ëíêìÅíìêÉ=çÑ=êÉëçìêÅÉë=~åÇ=~äíÉêå~íáîÉëK=qÜÉ=êÉëìäíáåÖ=
áåÉèì~äáíó=áë=~=ã~ííÉê=çÑ=ÅáêÅìãëí~åÅÉ=~åÇ=íÜÉêÉ=~êÉ=êÉëÉ~êÅÜ=êÉëìäíë=íç=ëìééçêí=íÜáë=
îáÉïK= låÉ= éêçãáåÉåí= Éñ~ãéäÉ= áë= íÜÉ= êÉëÉ~êÅÜ= Äó= _áííã~åI= båÖä~åÇI= cçäÄêÉI= p~óÉêI=
~åÇ= j~íÜÉëçå= EOMMPFK= qÜÉó= ÑçìåÇ= Ñçê= ^ìëíê~äá~= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= råáíÉÇ= pí~íÉë= íÜ~í= íÜÉ=
êÉä~íáîÉ= ÅçåíêáÄìíáçå= íç= íçí~ä= áåÅçãÉ= Äó= íÜÉ= ïáÑÉ= ~ÑÑÉÅíë= íÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ä~Äçê= áå= íÜÉ=
ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=~äçåÖ=íÜÉ=äáåÉë=ÉñéÉÅíÉÇ=Äó=~å=ÉñÅÜ~åÖÉJÄ~êÖ~áåáåÖ=çê=éçïÉêJåÉÖçíá~íáçå=
~ééêç~ÅÜK=cçê=ïçãÉå=ïÜç=É~êå=äÉëë=íÜ~å=íÜÉáê=ÜìëÄ~åÇëI=ãçåÉó=í~äâë=áå=ã~êêá~ÖÉI=
~ë=íÜÉ=~ìíÜçêë=êÉã~êâK=eçïÉîÉêI=ïÜáäÉ=áí=ëÉÉãë=íç=ÄÉ=~å=çìíêáÖÜí=ÅçêêçÄçê~íáçå=çÑ=~=
åÉÖçíá~íáçå= éêçÅÉëë= Ä~ëÉÇ= çå= EÑáå~åÅá~äF= ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅóI= íÜÉ= ~ìíÜçêë= çÄëÉêîÉ= íÜ~í=
ëçãÉíÜáåÖ=ÉäëÉ=áë=E~äëçF=ÖçáåÖ=çåK=ItÜáäÉ=ïçãÉå=Å~å=~åÇ=Çç=ìëÉ=íÜÉáê=áåÅçãÉJÄ~ëÉÇ=
Ä~êÖ~áåáåÖ=éçïÉê=íç=êÉÇìÅÉ=íÜÉáê=çïå=ÜçìëÉïçêâI=íÜÉó=ÉáíÜÉê=Å~ååçí=çê=ÇçåÛí=íêó=íç=
ìëÉ= áí= íç= áåÅêÉ~ëÉ= íÜÉáê= ÜìëÄ~åÇÛë= ÜçìëÉïçêâK= qÜÉó= êÉéä~ÅÉ= íÜÉáê= íáãÉ= ïáíÜ=
éìêÅÜ~ëÉÇ= ëÉêîáÅÉëI= çê= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= ëáãéäó= ÖçÉë= ìåÇçåÉKÒ= E_áííã~åI= Éí= ~äKI= OMMPI= éK=
OMVFK= qÜìëI= îÉêó= äáâÉäó= íÜÉêÉ= ~êÉ= ~ÇÇáíáçå~ä= éêçÅÉëëÉëI= ~åÇ= áí= áë= ÉîÉå= éçëëáÄäÉ= íÜ~í=
íÜÉëÉ=~êÉ=íÜÉ=ã~áå=éêçÅÉëëÉëI=ëáÇÉJäáåáåÖ=Ä~êÖ~áåáåÖ=ïÜÉå=áí=ÅçãÉë=íç=íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=
ä~Äçê= áå= íÜÉ= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇK= _ÉëáÇÉë= íÜ~íI= ïçãÉå= çÑíÉå= ÇÉÅä~êÉ= íÜ~í= íÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ=
ÜçìëÉïçêâ= ãçêÉ= çê= äÉëë= ëáãéäó= Ü~ééÉåÉÇ= Es~å= ÇÉê= sáååÉI= NVVUFI= áåëíÉ~Ç= çÑ= ë~óáåÖ=
íÜ~í= íÜÉó= ~êÉ= åçí= éçïÉêÑìä= ÉåçìÖÜ= íç= ÖÉí= ïÜ~í= íÜÉó= ï~åíK= qÜÉ= äÉ~ÇáåÖ= èìÉëíáçå= áå=
íÜáë=~êíáÅäÉ=íÜÉêÉÑçêÉ=áë=ïÜÉíÜÉê=áí=áë=~í=~ää=éä~ìëáÄäÉ=íç=~ëëìãÉ=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáîÉäó=ä~êÖÉ=
ÅçåíêáÄìíáçå=çÑ=ïçãÉå=íç=íÜÉ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=í~ëâë=áë=íÜÉ=êÉëìäí=çÑ=éçïÉê=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë=~åÇ=
åÉÖçíá~íáçåëK==
få=çêÇÉê=íç=ÄÉííÉê=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇ=ïÜ~í=ãáÖÜí=ÄÉ=ÖçáåÖ=çåI=áí=áë=~Çîáë~ÄäÉ=íç=äççâ=~í=
ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=é~ííÉêåë=çÑ=ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅó=~åÇ=íêó=íç=ìåê~îÉä=íÜÉ=îÉêó=éêçÅÉëëÉë=íÜ~í=äÉ~Ç=ìé=
íç= íÜÉëÉ= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí= é~ííÉêåëK= pìêéêáëáåÖäóI= ìé= íç= åçïI= åçí= ãìÅÜ= êÉëÉ~êÅÜ= Ü~ë= ÄÉÉå=
ÇçåÉ= çå= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí= é~ííÉêåë= çÑ= ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅóI= Üçï= íÜÉó= ~êÉ= ÇáëíêáÄìíÉÇ= ~åÇ= ïÜÉíÜÉê=
éçïÉêJÄ~ëÉÇ= åÉÖçíá~íáçåë= ~êÉ= íÜÉ= ãçëí=äáâÉäó= Éñéä~å~íáçå= Ñçê=íÜÉëÉ= é~ííÉêåëK= qÜÉëÉ=
èìÉëíáçåë=~êÉ=åçí=çåäó=áåíÉêÉëíáåÖ=íç=íÜçëÉ=ïÜç=ëíìÇó=íÜÉ=Ñ~ãáäóK=qÜÉó=áå=Ñ~Åí=ÄÉäçåÖ=
íç=íÜÉ=ÜÉ~êí=çÑ=íÜÉ=Åä~ëëáÅ~ä=ëçÅáçäçÖáÅ~ä=ÅçåÅÉêå=ïáíÜ=éêçÅÉëëÉë=çÑ=áåÇáîáÇì~äáò~íáçåK=
qÜÉ=~áã=çÑ=íÜÉ=éêÉëÉåí=é~éÉê=áë=íç=ÑáåÇ=~í=äÉ~ëí=éêÉäáãáå~êó=~åëïÉêë=íÜêçìÖÜ=ÄçíÜ=~=
íÜÉçêÉíáÅ~ä=~åÇ=~å=ÉãéáêáÅ~ä=áåîÉëíáÖ~íáçåI=ìëáåÖ=íÜÉ=kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë=háåëÜáé=m~åÉä=píìÇó=
QU=
EkhmpX= aóâëíê~I= h~äãáàåI= håáàåI= hçãíÉêI= iáÉÑÄêçÉêI= ~åÇ= jìäÇÉêI= OMMRF= ïáíÜ= ~= ä~êÖÉ=
ë~ãéäÉ= çÑ=ÅçìéäÉë=EkZNUNM= ÅçìéäÉëF=íÜ~í= Ü~îÉ= ãìÅÜ=ïçêâ= íç= Çç= ~í= ÜçãÉW= ÅçìéäÉë=
ïáíÜ=ÅÜáäÇêÉå=áå=íÜÉ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇK=tÉ=ïáää=Ñáêëí=ÇáëÅìëë=Üçï=ÄÉëí=íç=ÇÉëÅêáÄÉ=é~ííÉêåë=çÑ=
ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅóK= qÜÉå= ïÉ= ïáää= éêÉëÉåí= ~= íÜÉçêó= çÑ= ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅó= ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåí= áå=
ÜÉíÉêçëÉñì~ä= é~êíåÉê= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéëK= ^åÇ= Ñáå~ääóI= ïÉ= ïáää= éêÉëÉåí= íÜÉ= êÉëìäíë= çÑ= íÜÉ=
ÉãéáêáÅ~ä=áåîÉëíáÖ~íáçå=çÑ=é~ííÉêåë=çÑ=ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅÉ=áå=íÜÉ=äáÖÜí=çÑ=íÜÉ=íÜÉçêóK=
=
=
PKO=eçï=Å~å=ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅó=ïáíÜáå=~=ÅçìéäÉ=ÄÉëí=ÄÉ=ÇÉëÅêáÄÉÇ\=
=
_ÉÑçêÉ= íÜÉ= éêçÅÉëë= çÑ= ÇÉJëí~åÇ~êÇáò~íáçå= ëÉí= áåRI= Ñ~ãáäáÉë= ÅçìäÇ= ~äãçëí= ~äï~óë= ÄÉ=
ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáòÉÇ= ~ë= ã~äÉJÄêÉ~ÇïáååÉêLÑÉã~äÉJÅ~êÉÉê= Ñ~ãáäáÉëI= ïáíÜ= ïçãÉå= ÇÉéÉåÇÉåí=
çå= íÜÉáê= ãÉå= Ñçê= ÉÅçåçãáÅ= êÉëçìêÅÉëK= táíÜ= ÇÉJëí~åÇ~êÇáò~íáçå= Ü~îáåÖ= ÅçããÉåÅÉÇ=
Ñçê= èìáíÉ= ëçãÉ= íáãÉ= åçïI= çåÉ= ïçìäÇ= ÉñéÉÅí= íÜÉ= ÉãÉêÖÉåÅÉ= çÑ= ~= î~êáÉíó= çÑ=
ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅó= é~ííÉêåëK= pçãÉ= é~êíåÉêë= ãáÖÜí= ÄÉ= ãçêÉ= äççëÉäó= íáÉÇ= íç= É~ÅÜ= çíÜÉê=
ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ= çÑ=íÜÉ=áåÅêÉ~ëÉÇ=êççã=Ñçê=áåÇáîáÇì~ä=ÅÜçáÅÉëI=Ñçê=Éñ~ãéäÉ=Äó=ÄçíÜ=é~êíåÉêë=
Ü~îáåÖ= ~= Å~êÉÉê= ~åÇ= ÑêáÉåÇë= çÑ= íÜÉáê= çïåK= líÜÉêë= ãáÖÜí= ÄÉ= ãçêÉ= áåíÉêÇÉéÉåÇÉåí=
ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= áãéçêí~åÅÉ= ~íí~ÅÜÉÇ= íç= Éèì~äáíó= ÄÉíïÉÉå= íÜÉã= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= åÉÉÇ= íç=
Ü~êãçåáòÉ= áåÇáîáÇì~ä= ÅÜçáÅÉë= çÑ= ÄçíÜI= Ñçê= Éñ~ãéäÉ= Äó= ëÜ~êáåÖ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= í~ëâë= ~åÇ=
ëìééçêíáåÖ= É~ÅÜ= çíÜÉêÛë= ïçêâ= ÇÉÅáëáçåëK= qÜÉåI= ~Ö~áåI= íÜÉêÉ= ã~ó= ÄÉ= ~= é~ííÉêå= çÑ=
íê~Çáíáçå~ä= ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅó=çÑ=íÜÉ=ïáÑÉ=çå=ÜÉê=ÜìëÄ~åÇK=tÉ=âåçï=ëìêéêáëáåÖäó=äáííäÉ=~Äçìí=
ïÜ~í= é~ííÉêåë= çÑ= ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅó= Ü~îÉ= ÉãÉêÖÉÇ= áå= êÉÅÉåí= íáãÉë= ~åÇ= Üçï= ÑêÉèìÉåíäó=
íÜÉó=çÅÅìêK=eçï=Å~å=ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅó=é~ííÉêåë=ÄÉëí=ÄÉ=ÇÉëÅêáÄÉÇ\==
båÖä~åÇ= ~åÇ= háäÄçìêåÉ= ENVVMF= Ü~îÉ= ëìÖÖÉëíÉÇ= íÜ~í= çåÉ= ÅçåÅÉáîÉ= çÑ=
ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅó=~ãçåÖ=äáÑÉ=é~êíåÉêë=áå=íÉêãë=çÑ=áåîÉëíãÉåíëK=qÜÉó=ÇáëíáåÖìáëÜ=ÄÉíïÉÉå=
éçêí~ÄäÉ=~åÇ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ=áåîÉëíãÉåíëK=mçêí~ÄäÉ=áåîÉëíãÉåíë=~êÉ=áåîÉëíãÉåíë=
íÜ~í= ÅçåíêáÄìíÉ= íç= íÜÉ= é~êíåÉêëÛ= çïå= Üìã~å= çê= ëçÅá~ä= Å~éáí~äI= ëìÅÜ= ~ë= ~= Å~êÉÉê= çê=
ÑêáÉåÇëÜáé= åÉíïçêâëI= ã~âáåÖ= é~êíåÉêë= ãçêÉ= áåÇÉéÉåÇÉåí= çÑ= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéK=
oÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ= áåîÉëíãÉåíë= ~êÉ= áåîÉëíãÉåíë= íÜ~í= ÅçåíêáÄìíÉ= íç= íÜÉ=
ã~áåíÉå~åÅÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= Ñ~ãáäó= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéI= ëìÅÜ= ~ë= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= ïçêâ= ~åÇ=
ëéÉåÇáåÖ= íáãÉ= íçÖÉíÜÉêK= qÜÉ= ãçêÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ= áåîÉëíãÉåíë= ~= é~êíåÉê=
ã~âÉëI= íÜÉ= ãçêÉ= ÇÉéÉåÇÉåí= ÜÉ= çê= ëÜÉ= áë= çå= Åçåíáåì~íáçå= çÑ= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= Ñçê=
âÉÉéáåÖ= íÜÉ= ÄÉåÉÑáíë= çÑ= íÜÉëÉ= áåîÉëíãÉåíëI= ïÜÉêÉ~ë= íÜÉ= ÄÉåÉÑáíë= çÑ= éçêí~ÄäÉ=
áåîÉëíãÉåíë=Å~å=~äëç=ÄÉ=êÉ~äáòÉÇ=çìíëáÇÉ=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéK==
R
=få=íÜÉ=íïÉåíáÉíÜ=ÅÉåíìêó=íïç=éÜ~ëÉë=ÅçìäÇ=ÄÉ=ÇáëíáåÖìáëÜÉÇ=áå=íÜÉ=ï~ó=éÉçéäÉ=ëÜ~éÉÇ=íÜÉáê=é~êíåÉê=
êÉä~íáçåëÜáéë= ~åÇ= Ñ~ãáäó= äáÑÉW= çåÉ= çÑ= áåÅêÉ~ëáåÖ= ëí~åÇ~êÇáò~íáçå= ENVMMJNVSMF= ~åÇ= çåÉ= çÑ= ÇÉJ
ëí~åÇ~êÇáò~íáçå= ENVSMJOMMMFK= qÜÉ= íê~Çáíáçå~ä= ÄêÉ~ÇïáååÉê= Ñ~ãáäó= êÉ~ÅÜÉÇ= áíë= ÜÉáÖÜí= áå= íÜÉ= ÑáÑíáÉë= ~åÇ=
É~êäó=ëáñíáÉë=EiáÉÑÄêçÉê=~åÇ=aóâëíê~I=OMMNFK=
QV=
qÜáë=ÇáëíáåÅíáçå=áå=âáåÇë=çÑ=áåîÉëíãÉåí=Ü~ë=ÖêÉ~í=~Çî~åí~ÖÉë=ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ=áí=êÉä~íÉë=
íÜÉ= çåÖçáåÖ= é~ííÉêå= çÑ= ~ÅíáîáíáÉë= Eåçí= àìëí= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáîÉ= É~êåáåÖ= éçïÉêF= íç= íÜÉ=
ÉãÉêÖÉåÅÉ= ~åÇ= ã~áåíÉå~åÅÉ= çÑ= ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅóK= b~ÅÜ= é~êíåÉê= áåîÉëíë= ÇìêáåÖ= íÜÉ=
çåÖçáåÖ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéI= Äìí= íÜÉ= ëéÉÅáÑáÅ= âáåÇ= çÑ= áåîÉëíãÉåí= Å~å= ÅêÉ~íÉ= áåÉèì~äáíáÉë= áå=
íÜÉ= ~Äáäáíó= íç= êÉÇÉÉã= íÜáë= áåîÉëíãÉåí= áå= ~åçíÜÉê= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéK= qç= Å~ää= ~å= áåîÉëíãÉåí=
êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ=ãÉ~åë=íÜ~í=áí=Ü~ë=î~äìÉ=çåäó=ïáíÜáå=íÜÉ=éêÉëÉåí=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéI=~åÇ=
ïçìäÇ= ÄÉ= çÑ=åç=ÄÉåÉÑáí=çìíëáÇÉ=~=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=çê=áå=~=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=çåÉSK=fÑ=ÄçíÜ= é~êíåÉêë=
ã~âÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ= áåîÉëíãÉåíëI= íÜÉ= áåíÉêÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅÉ= ÄÉíïÉÉå= íÜÉã= ïáää=
áåÅêÉ~ëÉ= EoìëÄìäí= ~åÇ= s~å= i~åÖÉI= OMMPFK= fÑ= çåÉ= é~êíåÉêI= ÜçïÉîÉêI= áë= ã~âáåÖ= ãçêÉ=
êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ= áåîÉëíãÉåíë= íÜ~å= íÜÉ= çíÜÉêI= áåíÉêÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅÉ= íìêåë= áåíç=
ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅÉ=Ñçê=çåÉK=qÜÉ=èìÉëíáçå=íÜÉå=áëW=Üçï=ÇçÉë=íÜÉ=é~ííÉêå=çÑ=~ÅíáîáíáÉë=çÑ=É~ÅÜ=
é~êíåÉê=ÅçåíêáÄìíÉ=íç=íÜÉ=éêáî~íÉ=çééçêíìåáíáÉë=áå=Å~ëÉ=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=ÇáëëçäîÉë\=tÉ=
ïáää= ~ÇÇêÉëë= íÜáë= èìÉëíáçåK= qÜÉ= éçêí~ÄäÉ= áåîÉëíãÉåíë= ïÉ= ïáää= ÅçåëáÇÉê= ~êÉ= E~F= íÜÉ=
êÉä~íáîÉ= ÅçåíêáÄìíáçå= çÑ=íÜÉ= ÜìëÄ~åÇ= íç= é~áÇ= ïçêâáåÖ= Üçìêë= çÑ= íÜÉ= ÅçìéäÉ= E~ëëìãáåÖ=
íÜ~í=ïçêâáåÖ=êÉä~íáîÉäó=ÑÉïÉê=Üçìêë=~äëç=áãéäáÉë=ëã~ääÉê=ÄìáäÇìé=~åÇ=ã~áåíÉå~åÅÉ=çÑ=
Üìã~å= Å~éáí~ä= Ñçê= íÜÉ= ä~Äçê= ã~êâÉíFX= ~åÇ= EÄF= éÉêëçå~ä= ÑêáÉåÇë= E~ëëìãáåÖ= íÜÉó= çÑÑÉê=
éÉêëçå~ä= ëìééçêí= áå= Å~ëÉ= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= ÄêÉ~âë= ìéFK= qÜÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ=
áåîÉëíãÉåíë=ïÉ=ÅçåëáÇÉê=~êÉ=E~F=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáîÉ=ëÜ~êÉ=çÑ=ïçãÉå=áå=íÜÉ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=í~ëâë=
çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅçìéäÉ=EÅçåíêáÄìíáçå=íç=íÜÉ=àçáåí=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇFX=~åÇ=EÄF=éÉêÅÉáîÉÇ=ëìééçêí=çÑ=íÜÉ=
é~êíåÉê= çå= ïçêâ= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= ~åÇ= éê~ÅíáÅ~ä= ã~ííÉêë= EÅçåíêáÄìíáçå= íç= íÜÉ= é~êíåÉêÛë= ïÉääJ
ÄÉáåÖFK=
mçêí~ÄäÉ=~åÇ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ=áåîÉëíãÉåíë=Ü~îÉ=åçí=óÉí=ÄÉÉå=áåîÉëíáÖ~íÉÇ=
áå= ~= ãçÇÉä= íÜ~í= í~âÉë= áåíç= ~ÅÅçìåí= íÜÉ= ÅçãÄáå~íáçå= çÑ= íÜÉ= íïç= áåîÉëíãÉåíë= ~í= íÜÉ=
ë~ãÉ= íáãÉI= ïÜáÅÜ= ïçìäÇ= ÖáîÉ= ~=ãçêÉ= ÅçãéäÉíÉ= îáÉï= çÑ=íÜÉ=ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅó=é~ííÉêå= çÑ=
íÜÉ=ÅçìéäÉK=oÉëÉ~êÅÜ= êÉÖ~êÇáåÖ= ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅáÉë=ïáíÜáå= íÜÉ=ÅçìéäÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= Ü~ë=ëç=
Ñ~ê= ãçëíäó= ÑçÅìëÉÇ= çåäó= çå= ÉÅçåçãáÅ= ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅáÉë= Ep›êÉåëÉå= ~åÇ= jÅi~å~Ü~åI=
NVUTX=eçÄëçåI=NVVMX=_êáåÉëI=NVVQX=bîÉêíëëçå=~åÇ=kÉêãçI=OMMQFK=^å=ÉñÅÉéíáçå=áë=íÜÉ=
èì~äáí~íáîÉ=ëíìÇó=çÑ=iÉïáë=EOMMNFI=ïÜáÅÜ=í~âÉë=áåíç=~ÅÅçìåí=íáãÉ=áåîÉëíãÉåíë=áå=é~áÇ=
~åÇ= ìåé~áÇ= ïçêâ= ~åÇ= äÉáëìêÉK= qÜÉ= ÑçÅìë= çÑ= ÜÉê= ëíìÇó= ÜçïÉîÉê= ï~ë= íÜÉ= ÉñíÉåí= íç=
ïÜáÅÜ=é~êíåÉêë=ÑÉäí=áåÇÉéÉåÇÉåí=çê=ÇÉéÉåÇÉåíI=åçí=áåîÉëíãÉåíëK=
=
fÑ= ïÉ=ìëÉ= íÜÉ=âáåÇ= çÑ= áåîÉëíãÉåí= Ñçê=íÜÉ= ÇÉíÉêãáå~íáçå= çÑ= ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅóI= íÜÉå=
ïÉ=ëÜçìäÇ=áå=~åó=Å~ëÉ=~å~äóòÉ=Ç~í~=áå=ëìÅÜ=~=ï~ó=íÜ~í=ïÉ=çÄí~áå=é~ííÉêåë=íÜ~í=êÉÑäÉÅí=
âáåÇë=çÑ=áåîÉëíãÉåíëK=^ë=ïÉ=ïáää=Éñéä~áå=áå=íÜÉ=ãÉíÜçÇë=ëÉÅíáçåI=íÜÉ=íÉÅÜåáèìÉ=ïÉ=
ÇÉÉã=ãçëí=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=Ñçê=íÜáë=éìêéçëÉ=áë=ä~íÉåí=Åä~ëë=~å~äóëáëK=
S
=båÖä~åÇ=~åÇ=háäÄçìêåÉ=ENVVMF=~êÖìÉ=íÜ~í=áÑ=çåÉ=äÉ~îÉë=~=ã~êêá~ÖÉ=Ü~îáåÖ=ã~ÇÉ=ÖÉåÉê~ä=áåîÉëíãÉåíë=
áå=É~êåáåÖëI=çåÉ=Å~å=ëìêîáîÉ=ïáíÜçìí=~åçíÜÉê=ã~êêá~ÖÉK=`çåíê~êó=íç=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=í~ëâë=~ë=ëìÅÜI=íÜÉ=ëâáääë=
äÉ~êåÉÇ= ~ë= ~= ÚÜçãÉã~âÉêÛ= ~êÉ= éçêí~ÄäÉK= eçïÉîÉêI= çåÉ= åÉÉÇë= íç= ÑáåÇ= ~= åÉï= é~êíåÉê= çå= íÜÉ= ã~êêá~ÖÉ=
ã~êâÉí=íç=ÚÅ~ëÜ=áåÛ=íÜÉëÉ=áåîÉëíãÉåíëK=qÜáë=ã~âÉë=ÉîÉå=íÜÉëÉ=éçêí~ÄäÉ=áåîÉëíãÉåíë=äÉëë=ÚäáèìáÇÛ=íÜ~å=
ÖÉåÉê~ä=áåîÉëíãÉåíë=áå=É~êåáåÖëK=
RM=
PKP=^=íÜÉçêó=çÑ=ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅÉ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåí=áå=ÅçìéäÉë=
=
båÖä~åÇ=~åÇ=háäÄçìêåÉ=ENVVMF=~äëç=Ü~îÉ=~=ëìÖÖÉëíáçå=çå=Üçï=ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅó=áå=ÅçìéäÉë=
áåÅêÉ~ëÉë= çê= ÇÉÅêÉ~ëÉë= çîÉê= íáãÉI= ~Ö~áå= ã~âáåÖ= ìëÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= âáåÇë= çÑ= áåîÉëíãÉåíë=
É~ÅÜ= é~êíåÉê= ã~âÉëK= qÜÉáê= íÜÉçêó= áë= é~êí= çÑ= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáîÉ= êÉëçìêÅÉJÄ~êÖ~áåáåÖ=
éÉêëéÉÅíáîÉI=áåíêçÇìÅÉÇ=Äó=_äççÇ=~åÇ=tçäÑÉ=ENVSMFK=^ÅÅçêÇáåÖ=íç=íÜáë=éÉêëéÉÅíáîÉ=íÜÉ=
~ãçìåí= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= ÇçåÉ= Äó= É~ÅÜ= é~êíåÉê= áë= ÇÉíÉêãáåÉÇ= Äó= íÜÉ= ÇáëíêáÄìíáçå= çÑ=
êÉä~íáîÉ= êÉëçìêÅÉë= ÄÉíïÉÉå= íÜÉ= é~êíåÉêëK= qÜÉ= áãéäáÅáí= ~ëëìãéíáçå= áë= íÜ~í= ÄçíÜ=
é~êíåÉêë= ï~åí= íç= ~îçáÇ= ÜçìëÉïçêâK= cçê= É~ÅÜ= é~êíåÉêI= íÜÉ= ~ãçìåí= çÑ= éçêí~ÄäÉ=
êÉëçìêÅÉë=êÉä~íáîÉ=íç=êÉä~íáçåJëéÉÅáÑáÅ=êÉëçìêÅÉë=ÇÉíÉêãáåÉë=íÜÉ= ÇÉÖêÉÉ=íç=ïÜáÅÜ=ÜÉ=
çê= ëÜÉ= Å~å= åÉÖçíá~íÉ= åçí= ÇçáåÖ= ÜçìëÉïçêâK= oÉä~íáîÉ= êÉëçìêÅÉë= Åçìåí= áå= ëéçìë~ä=
åÉÖçíá~íáçåë=ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ= íÜÉëÉ= êÉëçìêÅÉë=~êÉ= áãéçêí~åí=áå=íÜÉ= ÉîÉåí=çÑ=~=ëÉé~ê~íáçå= çê=
ÇáîçêÅÉ= EëÉÉ= ~äëç= bîÉêíëçå= ~åÇ= kÉêãçI= OMMQFK= ^= é~êíåÉê= ïÜç= Ü~ë= ãçêÉ= éçêí~ÄäÉ=
êÉëçìêÅÉë= EëìÅÜ= ~ë= ~= Å~êÉÉê= çê= éÉêëçå~ä= ÑêáÉåÇëF= Ü~ë= ãçêÉ= Ä~êÖ~áåáåÖ= éçïÉê= ïáíÜáå=
íÜÉ=ÅìêêÉåí=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéK=qÜÉ=Çáë~Çî~åí~ÖÉ=çÑ=ïçãÉåÛë=ÜçãÉã~âáåÖ=êçäÉ=áë=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=
êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ= å~íìêÉ= çÑ= ÜçãÉã~âáåÖ= âÉÉéë= ïçãÉå= Ñêçã= ~ÅÅìãìä~íáåÖ=
éçêí~ÄäÉ=êÉëçìêÅÉë=EbåÖä~åÇ=~åÇ=háäÄçìêåÉI=NVVMFK==
^äíÜçìÖÜ=ïçãÉå=Ü~îÉ=ÄÉÅçãÉ=ãçêÉ=~ÅíáîÉ=çå=íÜÉ=ä~Äçê=ã~êâÉí=åçï~Ç~óë=Ó=
ïÜáÅÜ= áå= îáÉï= çÑ= íÜÉ= êÉëçìêÅÉJÄ~êÖ~áåáåÖ= éÉêëéÉÅíáîÉ= ëÜçìäÇ= áãéäó= íÜ~í= íÜÉó= Ü~îÉ=
ãçêÉ= Ä~êÖ~áåáåÖ= éçïÉê= ïáíÜáå= íÜÉáê= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= Ó= ~åÇ= ÇÉëéáíÉ= íÜÉ= áåÅêÉ~ëáåÖ=
ÉãéÜ~ëáë= çå= Éèì~äáíó= ~åÇ= áåÇáîáÇì~äáëãI= íÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= Ü~ë= åçí= ãìÅÜ=
ÅÜ~åÖÉÇ=áå=Ñ~îçê=çÑ=ãçêÉ=Éèì~äáíó=EbåÖä~åÇ= ~åÇ=háäÄçìêåÉI=NVVMX= pÜÉäíçå=~åÇ=gçÜåI=
NVVSX= hÉìòÉåâ~ãé= ~åÇ= eççÖÜáÉãëíê~I= OMMMX= _á~åÅÜáI= jáäâáÉI= p~óÉêI= ~åÇ= oçÄáåëçåI=
OMMMX=p`mI=OMMOX=p`mI=OMMQFK=båÖä~åÇ=~åÇ=háäÄçìêåÉ=ENVVMF=~êÖìÉ=íÜ~í=ïçãÉå=ãáÖÜí=
ìëÉ= íÜÉáê= åÉï= éçïÉê= íç= ÚÉñáíÛ= EÅÜ~åÖáåÖ= íÜÉáê= ÅìêêÉåí= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéF= ãçêÉ= íÜ~å= íç=
ÚîçáÅÉÛK=pÅÜï~êíò=ENVVQF=ëí~íÉë=íÜ~í=ãìÅÜ=çÑ=íÜÉ=tÉëíÉêå=ïçêäÇ=Ñáíë=~=ÇÉëÅêáéíáçå=çÑ=
ïÜ~í=ëÜÉ=Å~ääë=ÚåÉ~ê=éÉÉêëÛX=íÜçëÉ=ïÜç=~ÇãáêÉ=ÉÖ~äáí~êá~å=êÉä~íáçåë=ÄÉíïÉÉå=ãÉå=~åÇ=
ïçãÉå= Äìí= Å~ååçí= ÑáÖìêÉ= çìí= Üçï= íç= ~ÅÜáÉîÉ= íÜÉãK= fí= íÜìë= ëÉÉãë= íÜ~í= íÜÉêÉ= áë= ~=
ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅó=ÄÉíïÉÉå=íÜÉ=ëçÅá~ä=åçêã=çÑ=Éèì~äáíó=~åÇ=Ç~áäó=êÉ~äáíó=~åÇ=íÜ~í=~=íÜÉçêó=çÑ=
Çóå~ãáÅ=ÅÜ~åÖÉ=áå=ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅó=áå=ÅçìéäÉë=íÜ~í=áë=Ä~ëÉÇ=çå=åÉÖçíá~íáçå=éçïÉê=ãáÖÜí=
ãáëë=ëçãÉ=áãéçêí~åí=ÉäÉãÉåíëK=
qÜÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉ=ÄÉíïÉÉå=ÄáÖ=~åÇ=ëã~ää=ÇÉÅáëáçåë==
oÉäÉî~åí= Ñçê= ~åëïÉêáåÖ= íÜÉ= èìÉëíáçå= ïÜÉå= ÅçìéäÉë= ïáää= åÉÖçíá~íÉ= ~åÇ= ïÜÉå=
íÜÉó= ïáää= åçí= áë= íÜÉ= ëçÅá~ä= ê~íáçå~äáíó= ~ééêç~ÅÜ= ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ= Äó= iáåÇÉåÄÉêÖ= EëÉÉ=
iáåÇÉåÄÉêÖI=OMMNI=OMMSFK=få=íÜáë=~ééêç~ÅÜI=áí=áë=~êÖìÉÇ=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=âáåÇ=çÑ=ê~íáçå~äáíó=Eçê=
äçÖáÅF= íÜ~í= áë= ìëÉÇ= áå= Üìã~å= áåíÉê~Åíáçå= ÇÉéÉåÇë= çå= íÜÉ= ëáíì~íáçåK= cçê= ÅçìéäÉëI=
iáåÇÉåÄÉêÖ= EOMMTF= Ü~ë= êÉÅÉåíäó= ~ééäáÉÇ= íÜáë= ~ééêç~ÅÜ= Äó= ã~âáåÖ= ~= ÇáëíáåÅíáçå=
ÄÉíïÉÉå=ä~êÖÉ=~åÇ=ëã~ää=ÇÉÅáëáçåëK==
RN=
mÉçéäÉ= Ü~îÉ= ãÉåí~ä= ãçÇÉäë= ~Äçìí= íÜÉáê= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= EëÉÉ= _~äÇïáåI= NVVR= ~åÇ=
hçÉêåÉêI= OMMSFK= cçê= ÅçìéäÉëI= íÜáë= ãçÇÉä= éêçãáåÉåíäó= áåÅäìÇÉë= áÇÉ~ë= ~Äçìí= Éèì~äáíóK=
qÜÉ= ãÉåí~ä= ãçÇÉä= çÑ= ~= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= ÄÉíïÉÉå= é~êíåÉêë= áë= äáâÉäó= íç= ÖçîÉêå= IÄáÖÒ=
ÇÉÅáëáçåëI=áKÉK=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=íÜ~í=~ÑÑÉÅí=ÅçåëáÇÉê~ÄäÉ=êÉëçìêÅÉë=~åÇ=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=áíëÉäÑI=
ëìÅÜ= ~ë= ïÜÉêÉ= íç= äáîÉI= Üçï= íç= ~êê~åÖÉ= ~åÇ= ëÜ~êÉ= ëé~ÅÉ= áå= íÜÉ= ÜçìëÉI= ïÜÉíÜÉê= ~åÇ=
Üçï=ãìÅÜ=~=é~êíåÉê=ïçêâëI=ÄáÖ=ÉñéÉåëÉë=ëìÅÜ=~ë=ÄìóáåÖ=~=Å~ê=çê=~=ÜçìëÉ=ÉíÅK=qÜÉ=
äçÖáÅ=ìëÉÇ=áå=íÜÉëÉ=áåíÉê~Åíáçåë=áë=çåÉ=çÑ=Ä~ä~åÅáåÖ=áåÇáîáÇì~ä=áåíÉêÉëíë=ïáíÜ=ãçêÉ=çê=
äÉëë=ëÜ~êÉÇ=îáÉïë=çÑ=ïÜ~í=íÜÉ=é~êíåÉê=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=Éåí~áäëK=eÉêÉI=åÉÖçíá~íáçå=áë=äáâÉäó=
íç= çÅÅìê= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= ÅçåíÉåí= çÑ= íÜÉ= ãÉåí~ä= ãçÇÉä= çÑ= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáîÉ=
éçïÉê=ÄÉíïÉÉå=é~êíåÉêë=~êÉ=äáâÉäó=íç=~ÑÑÉÅí=íÜÉ=çìíÅçãÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=åÉÖçíá~íáçåK==
vÉíI= Ñçê=ã~åó=çÑ= íÜÉ= Iëã~ääÒ= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= çÑ= ÉîÉêóÇ~ó= äáÑÉI= ëìÅÜ= ~ë= ïÜç= ëÜçìäÇ=
í~âÉ=çìí=íÜÉ=Ö~êÄ~ÖÉI=ïÜç=ëÜçìäÇ=ÅççâI=ïÜç=ëÜçìäÇ=í~âÉ=Å~êÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅÜáäÇêÉå=ïÜÉå=
íÜÉó= ~êÉ= áää= ÉíÅKI= áí= áë= åçí= äáâÉäó= íÜ~í= íÜÉó= ~êÉ= ÖçîÉêåÉÇ= Äó= íÜÉ= ãÉåí~ä= ãçÇÉä= çÑ= íÜÉ=
êÉä~íáçåëÜáéK= o~íÜÉêI= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= Ñçê= ëìÅÜ= Ç~áäó= í~ëâë= ~êÉ= äáâÉäó= íç= ÄÉ= ÇáêÉÅíÉÇ= Äó= ~=
ãÉÅÜ~åáëã=çÑ= ÉñéÉÅí~íáçå=ëí~íÉë=áå=ïÜáÅÜ=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉ=~åÇ=ëíÉêÉçíóéáÅ~ä=åçíáçåë=äÉ~Ç=
íç= ÉñéÉÅí~íáçåë= ~Äçìí= ïÜç= Å~å= ÑìäÑáää= íÜÉã= ÄÉííÉê= E_ÉêÖÉêI= NVTQFK= qÜÉ= äçÖáÅ= áå= ëìÅÜ=
ëáíì~íáçåë=áë=çåÉ=çÑ=ÅçãéÉíÉåÅÉI=åçí=áåíÉêÉëí=~äáÖåãÉåí=ïáíÜ=åÉÖçíá~íáçå=~Äçìí=äáîáåÖ=
ìé= íç= íÜÉ= ãÉåí~ä= ãçÇÉä= çÑ= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéK= qÜÉ= Åìãìä~íáîÉ= ÉÑÑÉÅíë= çÑ= ëìÅÜ= ëã~ää=
ÇÉÅáëáçåë=ïáää=ÄÉ=~=ëí~íìë=ëíêìÅíìêÉ=~äçåÖ=íÜÉ=äáåÉë=çÑ=éêÉëìãÉÇ=ÅçãéÉíÉåÅÉ=E_ÉêÖÉê=
~åÇ=`çååçêI=NVTQX=oáÇÖÉï~ó=~åÇ=t~äâÉêI=NVVRF=ïÜáÅÜI=áå=íìêåI=êÉáåÑçêÅÉë=íÜÉ=áåáíá~ä=
ÉñéÉÅí~íáçåë= çÑ= ÅçãéÉíÉåÅÉ= áå= ~ää= ëã~ää= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= íç= ÅçãÉK= _çíÜ= é~êíåÉêë= çÑíÉå=
ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉ= ~åÇ= ëíÉêÉçíóéáÅ~ääó= ÉñéÉÅí= íÜÉ= ïçã~å= íç= ÄÉ= ÄÉííÉê= áå= ã~åó= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=
í~ëâë= íÜ~å= íÜÉ= ã~åK= qÜÉ= êÉëìäí= áë= ~= IÅìãìä~íáçå= ÖççÇÒ= Eçê= Ä~ÇF= ïÜáÅÜ= ï~ë= åÉîÉê=
ÇÉÅáÇÉÇ= çå= Äìí= áë= åçåÉíÜÉäÉëë= íÜÉ= éêçÇìÅí= çÑ= ã~åó= ëã~ää= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= Eh~ÜåI= NVSSX=
iáåÇÉåÄÉêÖI= NVUSFK= qÜáë= ãÉÅÜ~åáëã= ÑÉÉÇë= ~= êÉáåÑçêÅáåÖ= éêçÅÉëë= íÜ~í= äÉ~Çë= íç=
Åìãìä~íáîÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë=áå=í~ëâ=~ëëáÖåãÉåí=íÜ~í=Ü~Ç=åÉîÉê=ÄÉÉå=åÉÖçíá~íÉÇ=çê=~ÖêÉÉÇ=
çå=~ë=~=é~Åâ~ÖÉ=~åÇ=íÜ~í=ãçêÉ=çê=äÉëë=ëáãéäó=ÉîçäîÉÇ=Es~å=ÇÉê=sáååÉI=NVVUFK=få=íÜáë=
éêçÅÉëëI= íÜÉ= ãÉåí~ä= ãçÇÉä= çÑ= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= Å~å= çÑ= ÅçìêëÉ= ~äëç= ~ÑÑÉÅí= ëã~ää=
ÇÉÅáëáçåë= íÜêçìÖÜ= íÜÉ= Ñ~Åí= íÜ~í= ÖÉåÇÉê= áÇÉçäçÖó= ã~ó= ~äëç= ~ÑÑÉÅí= ÉñéÉÅí~íáçåë= çÑ=
ÅçãéÉíÉåÅÉK= cçê= Éñ~ãéäÉI= _ìä~åÇ~= EOMMQF= ÑçìåÇ= íÜ~í= Ñ~íÜÉêë= ïáíÜ= ~= åçåJíê~Çáíáçå~ä=
ÖÉåÇÉê=áÇÉçäçÖó=ëéÉåÇ=ãçêÉ=íáãÉ=ïáíÜ=íÜÉáê=ÅÜáäÇêÉåK=eçïÉîÉêI=_ìä~åÇ~=~äëç=ÑçìåÇ=
íÜ~í= íÜáë= áë= åçí= äáâÉäó= íç= ÄÉ= íÜÉ= êÉëìäí= çÑ= åÉÖçíá~íáçå= ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ= íÜÉ= ãçíÜÉêÛë= ÖÉåÇÉê=
áÇÉçäçÖó=Ü~Ç=åç=ÉÑÑÉÅí=çå=íÜÉ=é~íÉêå~ä=áåîçäîÉãÉåí=ïáíÜ=ÅÜáäÇêÉåK=_ó=~åÇ=ä~êÖÉI=ã~åó=
çÑ= íÜÉ= ÉñéÉÅí~íáçåë= ~Äçìí= ÅçãéÉíÉåÅÉ= Eáå= ëã~ää= ÇÉÅáëáçåëF= ïáää= åçí= ÄÉ= ëáãéäó= ~=
ÑìåÅíáçå= çÑ= íê~Çáíáçå~äáëã= çê= ÉÖ~äáí~êá~åáëã= ~åÇ= íÜìëI= Ñêçã= íÜáë= íÜÉçêÉíáÅ~ä=
éÉêëéÉÅíáîÉI=ÖÉåÇÉê=áÇÉçäçÖó=Å~ååçí=ÄÉ=ÉñéÉÅíÉÇ=íç=Éñéä~áå=ãìÅÜ=çÑ=íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=
ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= ä~ÄçêK= cçê= Éñ~ãéäÉI= ~Ö~áåëí= íÜÉáê= çïå= ÉñéÉÅí~íáçåëI= táäâáÉI= cÉêêÉÉI= ~åÇ=
o~íÅäáÑÑÉ= ENVVUF= ÑçìåÇ= åç= ÉÑÑÉÅí= çå= íÜÉ= ÇáëíêáÄìíáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= ïçêâ= çÑ= ~Äëíê~Åí=
RO=
åçêãë= EëìÅÜ= ~ë= IïáääáåÖåÉëë= íç= Çç= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= ÅÜçêÉë= áë= ~å= áãéçêí~åí= èì~äáíó= çÑ= ~=
ÖççÇ= ÜìëÄ~åÇÒF= ~åÇ= çåäó= ~= ïÉ~â= ÉÑÑÉÅí= çÑ= ÑÉäí= ÅçããáíãÉåí= íç= ëÜ~êáåÖ= ÇçãÉëíáÅ=
ïçêâ= EïáíÜ= áíÉãë= ëìÅÜ= ~ë= IÜçï= ãìÅÜ= Çç= óçì= Å~êÉ= ~Äçìí= ëÜ~êáåÖ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ=
Éèì~ääóÒFK= qÜÉ= áãéçêí~åí= éçáåí= ~Äçìí= íÜÉ= ãÉÅÜ~åáëã= çÑ= ëã~ää= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= áë= íÜ~í= íÜÉ=
ÇáëíêáÄìíáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=ïçêâ=áë=íÜÉ=Åìãìä~íáîÉ=êÉëìäí=çÑ=ã~åó=ëã~ää=ÇÉÅáëáçåëI=É~ÅÜ=
çÑ=ïÜáÅÜ=áë=åçí=ÅçåÅÉêåÉÇ=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=êÉëìäíáåÖ=ÇáëíêáÄìíáçå=Äìí=ïáíÜ=~=ÅçåÅêÉíÉ=í~ëâ=íç=
ÄÉ=éÉêÑçêãÉÇK=qÜìë=éêÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë=~Äçìí=íÜÉ=çîÉê~ää= ÇáëíêáÄìíáçå=~êÉ=åçí=äáâÉäó=íç=Ü~îÉ=
ãìÅÜ=ÉÑÑÉÅí=çå=íÜáë=ÖêáåÇáåÖ=éçïÉê=çÑ=ëã~ää=ÇÉÅáëáçåëK==
kçíÉ= íÜ~í= Åìãìä~íáîÉ= ÉÑÑÉÅíë= Å~å= êÉ~ÅÜ= ~= éçáåí= ïÜÉêÉ= íÜÉ= ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅó= ïáíÜ=
íÜÉ=ãÉåí~ä=ãçÇÉä=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=Ü~ë=ÄÉÅçãÉ=ìå~ÅÅÉéí~ÄäÉK=qÜáë=íÜÉå=ÄÉÅçãÉë=
~= IÄáÖÒ= ÇÉÅáëáçå= ~åÇ= åÉÖçíá~íáçå= áë= Å~ääÉÇ= ÑçêI= ïáíÜ= êÉëçäîÉë= Ñçê= ~= ÇáëíêáÄìíáçå= çÑ=
ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= í~ëâë= íÜ~í= ÄÉííÉê= Ñáíë= íÜÉ= ãÉåí~ä= ãçÇÉäK= få= éê~ÅíáÅÉI= ÜçïÉîÉêI= ëìÅÜ=
êÉëçäîÉë= ~êÉ= åçí= äáâÉäó= íç= ÄÉ= ëíêçåÖ= ÉåçìÖÜ= íç= ÄÉ~í= íÜÉ= Åçåëí~åí= Ä~êê~ÖÉ= çÑ= ëã~ää=
ÇÉÅáëáçåë=íÜ~í=Öç=íÜÉ=çíÜÉê=ï~óK=qÜÉêÉ=áëI=ÜçïÉîÉêI=çåÉ=ï~ó=çìí=çÑ=íÜáë=ãÉÅÜ~åáëã=
çÑ= ëã~ää= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= ~åÇ= íÜ~í= áë= íç= ~îçáÇ= íÜÉ= ëã~ää= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= ~äíçÖÉíÜÉêK= tÜÉå= íÜÉó=
Ü~îÉ= íÜÉ= ãÉ~åëI= ïçãÉå= ïÜç= ~êÉ= ÅçåÑêçåíÉÇ= ïáíÜ= íÜÉ= Åìãìä~íáîÉ= êÉëìäí= çÑ= ëã~ää=
ÇÉÅáëáçåë=Å~å=ÇÉÅáÇÉ=EïáíÜ=çê=ïáíÜçìí=åÉÖçíá~íáåÖ=ïáíÜ=íÜÉáê=ÜìëÄ~åÇëF=íç=çìíëçìêÅÉ=
ã~åó= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= í~ëâëI= ëç= íÜ~í= íÜÉ= ÇáëíêáÄìíáçå= çÑ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ= áåîÉëíãÉåíë=
ÄÉÅçãÉë=ãçêÉ=Ñ~îçê~ÄäÉ=íç=íÜÉãK=dêÉÉåëíÉáå=EOMMMF=~åÇ=_áííã~å=Éí=~äK=EOMMPF=ÑçìåÇ=
íÜ~í= ÜìëÄ~åÇë= Çç= êÉä~íáîÉäó= ãçêÉ= áå= íÜÉ= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= íÜÉ= ãçêÉ= Éèì~ä= íÜÉ= É~êåáåÖë= çÑ=
ÜìëÄ~åÇ=~åÇ=ïáÑÉK=qÜìëI=ïÜÉå=ïçãÉå=É~êå=äÉëë=íÜ~å=íÜÉáê=ÜìëÄ~åÇëI=íÜÉ=ÜìëÄ~åÇ=
ÇçÉë=êÉä~íáîÉäó=äÉëë=áå=íÜÉ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇK=qÜáë=äççâë=äáâÉ=~=Ä~êÖ~áåáåÖ=éêçÅÉëëK=eçïÉîÉêI=
áÑ=ïÉ=ÅçåëáÇÉê=çìíëçìêÅáåÖI=íÜÉ=Éèì~äáòáåÖ=ÉÑÑÉÅí=ã~ó=àìëí=~ë=ïÉää=êÉëìäí=åçí=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=
ÜìëÄ~åÇ=ÇçáåÖ=íÜÉ=ãçêÉ=íÜÉ=äÉëë=Üáë=áåÅçãÉ=ÇÉîá~íÉë=Ñêçã=íÜ~í=çÑ=Üáë=ïáÑÉI=Äìí=Ñêçã=
íÜÉ= ïáÑÉ= ÇçáåÖ= äÉëë= ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ= íÜÉ= ãçêÉ= ëÜÉ= É~êåëI= íÜÉ= ãçêÉ= äáâÉäó= íÜ~í= ëÜÉ= ïáää=
çìíëçìêÅÉK= lìíëçìêÅáåÖ= áë= çåÉ= ï~ó= íç= ÉëÅ~éÉ= íÜÉ= Åìãìä~íáîÉ= ÉÑÑÉÅí= çÑ= ëã~ää=
ÇÉÅáëáçåë=~í=äÉ~ëí=áå=é~êíI=ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ=ïÜÉå=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=í~ëâë=~êÉ=çìíëçìêÅÉÇI=íÜÉêÉ=~êÉ=
ÑÉïÉê= ëáíì~íáçåë= áå= ïÜáÅÜ= íÜÉ=äçÖáÅ= çÑ= ÅçãéÉíÉåÅÉ=~ééäáÉëK= ^äíÉêå~íáîÉäóI= Ñçê= ïáîÉëI=
íÜÉ= Åìãìä~íáîÉ= éêçÅÉëë= çÑ= ëã~ää= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= ã~ó= ÅêÉ~íÉ= ~= ëéÉÅáÑáÅ= ÑÉÉäáåÖ= çÑ=
êÉëéçåëáÄáäáíó= Ñçê= íÜÉ= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= í~ëâë= ëìÅÜ= íÜ~í= íÜÉó= ~êÉ= êÉäìÅí~åí= íç= Çê~ï= çå= íÜÉáê=
ÜìëÄ~åÇÛë= áåÅçãÉ=áå= çêÇÉê=íç=çìíëçìêÅÉI=ëç=íÜ~í= çìíëçìêÅáåÖ= ÇÉéÉåÇë=ãçêÉ=çå=ÜÉê=
áåÅçãÉ=íÜ~å=çå=ÜáëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=ëçãÉ=ÉãéáêáÅ~ä=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉ=Ñçê=íÜáë=Äó=lêçéÉë~=ENVVPF=~åÇ=
êÉÅÉåíäó=Äó=dìéí~=EOMMTFK==
dêÉÉåëíÉáå= EOMMMF= ~åÇ= _áííã~åI= Éí= ~äK= EOMMPF= E~ãçåÖ= çíÜÉêëF= ~äëç= ÑçìåÇ= ~=
IÇçáåÖ=ÖÉåÇÉêÒ= çê= IÇÉîá~åÅÉ= åÉìíê~äáòáåÖÒ= ÉÑÑÉÅí= íÜ~í=ïçãÉå= ïÜç= É~êå= ãçêÉ= íÜ~å=
íÜÉáê= ÜìëÄ~åÇë= ~Åíì~ääó= ~äëç= Çç= êÉä~íáîÉäó= ãçêÉ= áå= íÜÉ= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= áå= çêÇÉê= íç=
ÉãéÜ~ëáòÉ= íÜÉáê= ÖÉåÇÉê= áÇÉåíáíóK= dìéí~= EOMMTF= Å~ëíë= ëçãÉ= ÇçìÄí= çå= íÜÉ= IÇçáåÖ=
ÖÉåÇÉêÒ= çê= IÇÉîá~åÅÉ= åÉìíê~äáò~íáçåÒ= ÉÑÑÉÅí= Äó= éçáåíáåÖ= íç= Åçåíê~ÇáÅíçêó= ÑáåÇáåÖë= áå=
RP=
íÜÉ= äáíÉê~íìêÉ= ~åÇ= Äó= ëÜçïáåÖ= íÜ~í= áÑ= çåÉ= ìëÉë= ~ÄëçäìíÉ= É~êåáåÖëI= íÜÉå= çìíëçìêÅáåÖ=
áåÅêÉ~ëÉë=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=ïáÑÉÛë=~ÄëçäìíÉ=áåÅçãÉK=cêçã=íÜÉ=éçáåí=çÑ=îáÉï=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçïÉê=çÑ=
ëã~ää= ÇÉÅáëáçåëI= áí= áë= ãçêÉ= äáâÉäó= íÜ~í= ïçãÉå= çìíëçìêÅÉ= ~äëç= ïÜÉå= íÜÉó= É~êå= ãçêÉ=
íÜ~å=íÜÉáê=ÜìëÄ~åÇëX=ÜçïÉîÉê=áå=ëçãÉ=ÅìäíìêÉëI=çìíëçìêÅáåÖ=ã~ó=ÄÉ=ëÉÉå=~ë=ëìÅÜ=~=
êÉÇìÅíáçå= áå= ëçÅá~ä= ~ééêçî~ä= íÜ~í= áí= ÄÉÅçãÉë= íÜÉ= ëìÄàÉÅí= çÑ= ÄáÖ= ÇÉÅáëáçåëI= íÜìë=
çéÉåáåÖ=íÜÉ=Çççê=Ñçê=íÜÉ=IÇÉîá~åÅÉ=åÉìíê~äáòáåÖÒ=ÉÑÑÉÅíK==
få= ëìãI= íÜÉ= íÜÉçêó= çÑ= ëçÅá~ä= ê~íáçå~äáíó= ã~áåí~áåë= íÜ~í= é~êíåÉêë= ìëÉ= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=
äçÖáÅë= Ñçê= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí= ëáíì~íáçåëK= cçê= ÄáÖ= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= EíÜ~í= éêÉëìã~Ääó= ~ÑÑÉÅí= ä~êÖÉê=
êÉëçìêÅÉë= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= áíëÉäÑFI= åÉÖçíá~íáçåë= ~êÉ= äáâÉäóK= cçê= ëã~ää= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= çÑ=
ÉîÉêóÇ~ó= äáîáåÖI= íÜÉ= äçÖáÅ= áë= äáâÉäó= íç= ÄÉ= Ä~ëÉÇ= çå= ÉñéÉÅí~íáçåë= çÑ= ÅçãéÉíÉåÅÉI=
ïáíÜçìí= åÉÖçíá~íáçåëK= qÜÉ= Åìãìä~íáîÉ= ÉÑÑÉÅí= çÑ= ëã~ää= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= áë= íÜìë= ~= îÉêó= äáâÉäó=
Å~ìëÉ=çÑ=ïçãÉåÛë=Çáëéêçéçêíáçå~íÉ=áåîÉëíãÉåíë=íÜ~í=~êÉ=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=íç=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéI=
ïáíÜ= íÜÉ= êÉëìäí= íÜ~í= íÜÉó= Ü~îÉ= äÉëë= íáãÉ= Ñçê= ã~âáåÖ= éçêí~ÄäÉ= áåîÉëíãÉåíëK= qÜáëI= áå=
íìêåI= ã~âÉë= ïçãÉå= ãçêÉ= ÇÉéÉåÇÉåí= çå= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéK= qÜÉ= ãçëí= äáâÉäó= ï~ó= áå=
ïÜáÅÜ= ÅçìéäÉë= Å~å= ÉëÅ~éÉ= íÜáë= ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåí= EáÑ= íÜÉó= ïáëÜ= íçF= áë= íç= çìíëçìêÅÉ=
ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=í~ëâëK==
=
=
PKQ=c~Åíçêë=íÜ~í=~ÑÑÉÅí=ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅó=ïáíÜáå=íÜÉ=ÅçìéäÉ=
=
qÜÉ=ëçÅá~ä= ê~íáçå~äáíó= íÜÉçêó= áãéäáÉë= íÜ~í= ïÜÉå= ÅçìéäÉë= Çç= åçí= ~îçáÇ= íÜÉ= éêçÅÉëë=çÑ=
ëã~ää=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=EíÜêçìÖÜ=çìíëçìêÅáåÖFI=íÜÉ=ïçã~å=ïáää=Çç=ãçëí=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÜçìëÉïçêâI=åç=
ã~ííÉê=ïÜ~íK=fÑ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ=áåîÉëíãÉåíë=ïÉêÉ=ÖçîÉêåÉÇ=Äó=åÉÖçíá~íáçåëI=~ë=
~ëëìãÉÇ=Äó=íÜÉ=êÉëçìêÅÉJÄ~êÖ~áåáåÖ=íÜÉçêóI=íÜÉå=éçêí~ÄäÉ=êÉëçìêÅÉë=íÜ~í=~ÑÑÉÅí=íÜÉ=
éçïÉê= Ä~ä~åÅÉ= áå= Å~ëÉ= çÑ= ~= ÇáîçêÅÉI= ëìÅÜ= ~ë= ÉÇìÅ~íáçå~ä= äÉîÉäI= çÅÅìé~íáçå~ä= ëí~íìë=
~åÇ= áåÅçãÉI= ëÜçìäÇ= ~ää= ÅçåíêáÄìíÉ= íç= íÜÉ= ëâÉïåÉëë= çÑ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ=
áåîÉëíãÉåíëK=páåÅÉ=ïÉ=~êÖìÉÇ=íÜ~í=åÉÖçíá~íáçå=áë=çåäó=ìëÉÇ=áå=íÜÉ=IÄáÖÒ=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=áå=
íÜÉ= é~êíåÉê= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= EáåÅäìÇáåÖ= íÜÉ= ~ãçìåí= çÑ= é~áÇ= ïçêâFI= ïÉ= ÉñéÉÅí= íÜÉëÉ=
éçêí~ÄäÉ=êÉëçìêÅÉë=åçí=íç=êÉä~íÉ=íç=íÜÉ=ëâÉïåÉëë=çÑ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ=áåîÉëíãÉåíë=
Äìí=íç=íÜÉ=ëâÉïåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=é~áÇ=ïçêâK=
få= ëÜçêíI= ÉñÅÉéí= ïÜÉå= íÜÉ= é~êíåÉêë= ~îçáÇ= íÜÉ= Åìãìä~íáîÉ= éêçÅÉëë= Ñçê= ëã~ää=
ÇÉÅáëáçåë= ~äíçÖÉíÜÉê= EíÜêçìÖÜ= çìíëçìêÅáåÖFI= íÜÉ= ïçã~å= áë= äáâÉäó= íç= Çç= ãçêÉ= áå= íÜÉ=
ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= íÜ~å= ÜÉê= é~êíåÉêK= _ìí= Üçï= ãìÅÜ= ãçêÉ= áë= äáâÉäó= íç= ÇÉéÉåÇ= çå= ~ÇÇáíáçå~ä=
Ñ~ÅíçêëK= _ÉÅ~ìëÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= êÉáåÑçêÅáåÖ= ÉÑÑÉÅí= çÑ= íÜÉ= ëã~ää= ÅçãéÉíÉåÅÉ= ÇÉÅáëáçåëI=
ïçãÉåÛë= ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅó= Ó= ÇçáåÖ= ãçêÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ= áåîÉëíãÉåíë= íÜ~å= íÜÉáê=
é~êíåÉêë=Ó=áë=äáâÉäó=íç=áåÅêÉ~ëÉ=çîÉê=íáãÉ=áå=~=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéK=_çíÜ=é~êíåÉêë=ÉñéÉÅí=ãçêÉ=
~åÇ= ãçêÉ= íÜ~í= ëÜÉ= ÇçÉë= ãçëí= çÑ= íÜÉ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= í~ëâëK= oÉä~íáçåëÜáé= Çìê~íáçå= áë=
RQ=
íÜÉêÉÑçêÉ= ÉñéÉÅíÉÇ= íç= ÅçåíêáÄìíÉ= íç= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë= ÄÉíïÉÉå= ÅçìéäÉë= áå= é~ííÉêåë= çÑ=
ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅóK=
fÑ=íÜÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉ=ÄÉíïÉÉå=ÄáÖ=~åÇ=ëã~ää=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=áë=~ë=áãéçêí~åí=~ë=ïÉ=íÜáåâ=
áí= áëI= ïÉ= ïçìäÇ= ~ëëìãÉ= íÜ~í= áåëÉÅìêáíó= ~Äçìí= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= ïçìäÇ= ~ÑÑÉÅí= íÜÉ=
ÇáÑÑÉêÉåíá~íáçå=ÄÉíïÉÉå=ÄáÖ=~åÇ=ëã~ää=ÇÉÅáëáçåëK=tÜÉå=áí=áë=åçí=ÅäÉ~ê=ïÜ~í=íÜÉ=íáãÉ=
Üçêáòçå=çÑ=~=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=áëI=ãçêÉ=~ííÉåíáçå=ïáää=ÄÉ=é~áÇ=íç=~Åíáçåë=íÜ~í=ã~ó=ÇÉÑáåÉ=íÜÉ=
êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= çåÉ= ï~ó= çê= íÜÉ= çíÜÉêK= _áÖ= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= ÅçåÅÉêå= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= áíëÉäÑ= ~åÇ=
íÜìëI=~ë=~=ÅçåëÉèìÉåÅÉI=íÜÉ=ê~åÖÉ=çÑ=ïÜ~í=áë=ÅçåëáÇÉêÉÇ=~=ÄáÖ=ÇÉÅáëáçå=Äó=íÜÉ=ÅçìéäÉ=
áë=äáâÉäó=íç=ÄÉ=ä~êÖÉê=áå=áåëÉÅìêÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéëI=áåÅäìÇáåÖ=ëçãÉ=í~ëâë=áå=íÜÉ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇK=
_êáåÉë=~åÇ=gçóåÉê=ENVVVF=~êÖìÉ=íÜ~í=áÑ=é~êíåÉêë=ÅÜççëÉ=íç=ÅçÜ~Äáí=ê~íÜÉê=íÜ~å=ã~êêó=
íÜÉó=~êÉ=äÉëë=ëÉÅìêÉ=~Äçìí=íÜÉ=ÑìíìêÉ=çÑ=íÜÉáê=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéK=tÉ=íÜÉêÉÑçêÉ=éêÉÇáÅí=íÜ~íI=
ÅÉíÉêáë= é~êáÄìëI= ïçãÉå= áå= ÅçÜ~ÄáíáåÖ= ÅçìéäÉë= ëÜçï= äÉëë= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ=
áåîÉëíãÉåí=EáKÉK=äÉëë=ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅóF=íÜ~å=áå=ã~êêáÉÇ=ÅçìéäÉëK=
=
=
PKR=j~êáí~ä=Ü~ééáåÉëë=
=
mÉçéäÉÛë=ë~íáëÑ~Åíáçå=ïáíÜ=íÜÉáê=ã~êêá~ÖÉ=áë=çåÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëíêçåÖÉëíI=áÑ=åçí=íÜÉ=ëíêçåÖÉëíI=
ÅçåíêáÄìíçê= íç= ëìÄàÉÅíáîÉ= ïÉääJÄÉáåÖ= EëÉÉ= i~åÉI= OMMMI= éK= UUFK= fÑI= Åçåíê~êó= íç= çìê=
ÉñéÉÅí~íáçåI=é~êíåÉêë=ïçìäÇ=åÉÖçíá~íÉ=íÜÉ=ÇáëíêáÄìíáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=í~ëâëI=íÜÉå=íÜÉêÉ=
ëÜçìäÇ= ÄÉ= ~= ïáååÉê= ~åÇ= ~= äçëÉê= çÑ= íÜÉ= åÉÖçíá~íáçå= éêçÅÉëëK= qÜÉ= çìíÅçãÉ= çÑ=
åÉÖçíá~íáçå=ëÜçìäÇ=íÜÉå=~ÑÑÉÅí=ã~êáí~ä=Ü~ééáåÉëëK=dáîÉå=íÜÉ=ëíêçåÖ=íÉåÇÉåÅó=íçï~êÇë=
Éèì~äáíóJÄ~ëÉÇ= é~êíåÉê= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéë= áå= íÜÉ= kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë= Es~å= ÇÉê= sáååÉI= NVVUX= p`mI=
OMMOX=p`mI=OMMQFI=áí=áë=äáâÉäó=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=ãÉåí~ä=ãçÇÉä=çÑ=é~êíåÉêë=áå=ã~åó=ÅçìéäÉë=ëÉÉë=
íÜÉ=éêçíçíóéáÅ~ä=é~êíåÉê=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=~ë=çåÉ=çÑ=Éèì~äáíóK=kÉÖçíá~íáçåë=íÜ~í=êÉëìäí=íáãÉ=
~åÇ=~Ö~áå=áå=íÜÉ=ã~å=ïáååáåÖ=ïáíÜ=êÉÖ~êÇ=íç=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=ïçêâ=ëÜçìäÇ=åÉÖ~íáîÉäó=~ÑÑÉÅí=
ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëë= çÑ= íÜÉ= ïçã~å= EïÜç= âÉÉéë= äçëáåÖ= áå= íÜÉ= åÉÖçíá~íáçå= ÇìÉ= íç= ÜÉê=
êÉä~íáîÉäó=ïÉ~â=éçïÉê=éçëáíáçåFK=_ó=Åçåíê~ëíI=áÑ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ=áåîÉëíãÉåíë=~êÉ=
íÜÉ= Åìãìä~íáîÉ= êÉëìäí= çÑ= ëã~ää= ÇÉÅáëáçåëI= íÜÉêÉ= ~êÉ= åç= ïáååÉêë= çê= äçëÉêëI= ~åÇ= íÜÉêÉ=
ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=åç=ÄáÖ=ÉÑÑÉÅí=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÇáëíêáÄìíáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=í~ëâë=çå=ã~êáí~ä=Ü~ééáåÉëëK=
o~íÜÉêI= ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëë= áë= äáâÉäó= íç= ÇÉéÉåÇ= çå= ~å= çîÉê~ää= ÇÉÖêÉÉ= çÑ= ëìééçêí= Ñêçã=
íÜÉ=é~êíåÉê=Ñçê=~ää=íÜÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=~ëéÉÅíë=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéI=áåÅäìÇáåÖ=íÜÉ=ÉñéÉÅí~íáçåë=
çÑ=ÅçãéÉíÉåÅÉI=íÜÉ=ÄáÖ=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=~Äçìí=ïçêâI=~åÇ=íÜÉ=éÉêëçå~ä=ÑêáÉåÇëK=^ë=s~å=ÇÉê=
^îçêí= ENVUTF= éçáåíÉÇ= çìíI= ëìÅÜ= êÉÅáéêçÅ~ä= é~êíåÉê= ëìééçêí= ã~ó= ÄêáÇÖÉ= íÜÉ= Ö~éë=
ÄÉíïÉÉå= áåÇáîáÇì~äáíó= ~åÇ= Åçãé~åáçåëÜáéK= m~êíåÉê= ëìééçêí= Å~å= ÄÉ= ÇÉÑáåÉÇ= ~ë= ÄçíÜ=
áãéäáÅáí= ~åÇ= ÉñéäáÅáí= ÉåÅçìê~ÖÉãÉåí= ÖáîÉå= íç= ~= é~êíåÉê= ~åÇ= Å~å= ÄÉ= Éãçíáçå~äI=
~ííáíìÇáå~ä=çê= ÄÉÜ~îáçê~ä=E_ÉêâçîÉI=NVTVX=pìÅÜÉí=~åÇ=_~êäáåÖI=NVUSX=_ìêäÉóI= NVVRFK=få=
ëÜçêíI= áÑ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ= áåîÉëíãÉåíë= ~êÉ= íÜÉ= êÉëìäí= çÑ= äçëáåÖ= áå= åÉÖçíá~íáçåëI=
RR=
íÜÉå= ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëë= ëÜçìäÇ= ÄÉ= äçïÉê= Ñçê= íÜÉ= é~êíåÉê= ïÜç= ã~âÉë= íÜÉ= ãçëí=
êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ= áåîÉëíãÉåíëK= fÑ= íÜÉëÉ= áåîÉëíãÉåíë= ~êÉ= åçí= åÉÖçíá~íÉÇI= ã~êáí~ä=
Ü~ééáåÉëë=ïáää=åçí=ÄÉ=~ÑÑÉÅíÉÇ=Äó=íÜÉ=êÉëìäí=çÑ=íÜÉëÉ=åÉÖçíá~íáçåë=~åÇ=ëÜçìäÇ=ÇÉéÉåÇ=
çå=ëçãÉíÜáåÖ=ÉäëÉI=îÉêó=äáâÉäó=íÜÉ=ãìíì~ä=ëìééçêí=é~êíåÉêë=ÖáîÉ=É~ÅÜ=çíÜÉêK=_ÉÅ~ìëÉ=
çÑ=áíë=ëéÉÅá~ä=êçäÉ=áå=ÅçååÉÅíáåÖ=áåÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅÉ=~åÇ=ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅÉI=é~êíåÉê=ëìééçêí=ïáää=
~äëç=ÄÉ=áåÅäìÇÉÇ=áå=íÜÉ=ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅó=é~ííÉêåëK==
=
få= íÜÉ= åÉñí= ëÉÅíáçåI= ïÉ= ïáää= ÇÉëÅêáÄÉ= íÜÉ= ÉãéáêáÅ~ä= áåîÉëíáÖ~íáçå= çÑ=
ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅó=é~ííÉêåëI= ~åÇ=Ñ~Åíçêë=íÜ~í=~ÑÑÉÅí=íÜÉëÉ=é~ííÉêåëK=tÉ= ïáää=~äëç=êÉéçêí=çå=
ã~êáí~ä=Ü~ééáåÉëë=~ë=çåÉ=ï~ó=íç=íÉëí=íÜÉ=áÇÉ~=íÜ~í=áí=áë=~=Åìãìä~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉëë=çÑ=ëã~ää=
ÇÉÅáëáçåë= íÜ~í= äÉ~Ç= íç= íÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= ïçêâ= ê~íÜÉê= íÜ~å= ~= éêçÅÉëë= çÑ=
åÉÖçíá~íáçåë=ïáíÜ=~=ïáååÉê=~åÇ=~=äçëÉêK=
=
=
PKS=a~í~=~åÇ=ãÉíÜçÇë=
=
qÜÉ= Ç~í~= ~êÉ= Ñêçã= íÜÉ= Ñáêëí= ï~îÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë= háåëÜáé= m~åÉä= píìÇó= EkhmpX=
aóâëíê~I= Éí= ~äKI= OMMRFK= qÜÉ= khmp= áë= ~= ä~êÖÉ= ëÅ~äÉ= Ç~í~= ÅçääÉÅíáçå= ~ãçåÖ= ~=
êÉéêÉëÉåí~íáîÉ= ë~ãéäÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= aìíÅÜ= éçéìä~íáçå= çå= íÜÉ= ëìÄàÉÅí= çÑ= Ñ~ãáäó= ëçäáÇ~êáíóK=
c~ÅÉJíçJÑ~ÅÉ=áåíÉêîáÉïë=ïÉêÉ=ÅçåÇìÅíÉÇ=ïáíÜ=çîÉê=UNRM=êÉëéçåÇÉåíë=~í=ÜçãÉ=EïáíÜ=
~=ãáåáãìã=~ÖÉ=çÑ=NU=~åÇ=~=ã~ñáãìã=~ÖÉ=çÑ=TVFK=pÉäÑJÅçãéäÉíáçå=èìÉëíáçåå~áêÉë=Ñçê=
~ÇÇáíáçå~ä=áåÑçêã~íáçå=ïÉêÉ=äÉÑí=ÄÉÜáåÇ=~åÇ=ïÉêÉ=éáÅâÉÇ=ìé=ä~íÉê=Äó=íÜÉ=áåíÉêîáÉïÉêK=
c~ãáäó=ãÉãÄÉêë=Eé~êÉåíI=ëáÄäáåÖI=ÅÜáäÇêÉåI=~åÇ=é~êíåÉêF=~äëç=êÉÅÉáîÉÇ=ëÉäÑJÅçãéäÉíáçå=
èìÉëíáçåå~áêÉëK=lìê=~å~äóëÉë=ÑçÅìë=çå=NSPS=ã~êêáÉÇ=~åÇ=NTQ=ÅçÜ~ÄáíáåÖ=ÅçìéäÉë=ïáíÜ=
ÅÜáäÇêÉå=EäáîáåÖ=~í=ÜçãÉFK=`ÜáäÇäÉëë=ÅçìéäÉë=ïÉêÉ=ÉñÅäìÇÉÇ=Ñêçã=çìê=~å~äóëáë=ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ=
ïÉ= ï~åíÉÇ= íç= ã~âÉ= ëìêÉ= íÜ~í= íÜÉêÉ= áë= éäÉåíó= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= íç= Çç= Ñçê= ïÜáÅÜ= íÜÉ=
éêçÅÉëë= çÑ= ëã~ää= ÅçãéÉíÉåÅÉ= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= ãáÖÜí= ÜçäÇK= qÜÉ= ÅçìéäÉë= ïÉêÉ= ëÉäÉÅíÉÇ= áÑ=
Ç~í~=ïÉêÉ=~î~áä~ÄäÉ=çå=íÜÉ=Ñ~ÅÉJíçJÑ~ÅÉ=áåíÉêîáÉï=ïáíÜ= íÜÉ=êÉëéçåÇÉåí=E^åÅÜçêFI=íÜÉ=
ëÉäÑJÅçãéäÉíáçå= èìÉëíáçåå~áêÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= êÉëéçåÇÉåí= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= ëÉäÑJÅçãéäÉíáçå=
èìÉëíáçåå~áêÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= é~êíåÉê= E^äíÉêFK= bîÉå= íÜçìÖÜ= ïÉ= ïáää= ÅçîÉê= ÄçíÜ= ã~êêáÉÇ= ~åÇ=
ÅçÜ~ÄáíáåÖ= ÅçìéäÉëI= ïÉ= ïáää= ìëÉ= íÜÉ= íÉêãë= IÜìëÄ~åÇÒ= ~åÇ= IïáÑÉÒ= Ñçê= ÄçíÜ=
íÜêçìÖÜçìí=íÜáë=é~éÉêK=
=
qÜÉ=ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅó=é~ííÉêå=çÑ=ÅçìéäÉë=
cáêëíI= ïÉ= ìëÉÇ= ä~íÉåí= Åä~ëë= ~å~äóëáë= Ei`^F= íç= ÉñéäçêÉ= ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅáÉë= ïáíÜáå= ÅçìéäÉë=
~åÇ=íç=ÇáëíáåÖìáëÜ=ÄÉíïÉÉå=ÅçìéäÉë=ïáíÜ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=é~ííÉêåë=çÑ=ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅóK=i`^=ìëÉë=
Å~íÉÖçêáÅ~ä= Ç~í~= íç=ãÉ~ëìêÉ= çåÉ=ä~íÉåí= î~êá~ÄäÉI= áå= çìê= Å~ëÉ= ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅó= ïáíÜáå= íÜÉ=
ÅçìéäÉK=qÜÉ=ã~åáÑÉëí=î~êá~ÄäÉë=~êÉ=êÉÖ~êÇÉÇ=~ë=áåÇáÅ~íçêë=çÑ=~å=ìåÇÉêäóáåÖ=íÜÉçêÉíáÅ~ä=
î~êá~ÄäÉ=êÉéêÉëÉåíÉÇ=Äó=íÜÉ=ä~íÉåí=î~êá~ÄäÉK=qÜÉ=Å~íÉÖçêáÉë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ä~íÉåí=î~êá~ÄäÉ=~êÉ=
RS=
Å~ääÉÇ= íÜÉ= Úä~íÉåí= Åä~ëëÉëÛ= Ee~ÖÉå~~êëI= NVVMFK= táíÜ= i`^= ÄçíÜ= íÜÉ= åìãÄÉê= çÑ=
Å~íÉÖçêáÉë= EÅä~ëëÉëF= çÑ= ~= ä~íÉåí= î~êá~ÄäÉ= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= éêçéÉêíáÉë= çÑ= íÜÉëÉ= Å~íÉÖçêáÉë= ~êÉ=
ÇÉíÉêãáåÉÇ= Ee~ÖÉå~~êëI= NVVMX= `äçÖÖI= NVVRFK= qÜÉ= ã~åáÑÉëí= áåÇáÅ~íçêë= íç= ãÉ~ëìêÉ=
ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅó=ïÉêÉ=ëÉîÉê~ä=éçêí~ÄäÉ=~åÇ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ=áåîÉëíãÉåíëW=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáîÉ=
ÅçåíêáÄìíáçå= çÑ= ãÉå= íç= é~áÇ= ïçêâ= Üçìêë= çÑ= íÜÉ= ÅçìéäÉ= Eéçêí~ÄäÉ= áåîÉëíãÉåíFI= íÜÉ=
êÉä~íáîÉ=ëÜ~êÉ=çÑ=ïçãÉå=áå=íÜÉ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=í~ëâë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅçìéäÉ=EêÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ=
áåîÉëíãÉåíFI= éÉêëçå~ä= ÑêáÉåÇë= Eéçêí~ÄäÉ= áåîÉëíãÉåíF= ~åÇ= éÉêÅÉáîÉÇ= ëìééçêí= çÑ= ãÉå=
~åÇ=ïáîÉë=çå=ïçêâ=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=~åÇ=éê~ÅíáÅ~ä=ã~ííÉêë=EêÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ=áåîÉëíãÉåíFK=
m~áÇ=ïçêâ=ÜçìêëK= qÜÉ=ïçêâ=Üçìêë=çÑ=ãÉå=~åÇ=ïçãÉå=ïÉêÉ=ãÉ~ëìêÉÇ=Äó=íÜÉ=
~Åíì~ä= ïçêâ= íáãÉ= éÉê= ïÉÉâI= ÄçíÜ= Ä~ëÉÇ= çå= êÉéçêíë= çÑ= ^åÅÜçêK= qÜÉ= êÉä~íáîÉ=
ÅçåíêáÄìíáçå= çÑ= íÜÉ= ÜìëÄ~åÇ= íç= é~áÇ= ïçêâáåÖ= Üçìêë= çÑ= íÜÉ= ÅçìéäÉ= ï~ë= Å~äÅìä~íÉÇK= fÑ=
íÜÉ= ÅçåíêáÄìíáçå= çÑ= íÜÉ= ÜìëÄ~åÇ= ï~ë= ~ÄçîÉ= SSB= çÑ= íÜÉ= íçí~ä= ïçêâáåÖ= Üçìêë= çÑ= íÜÉ=
ÅçìéäÉ=áí=ï~ë=ÅçÇÉÇ=~ë=OI=ÄÉäçï=SSB=çÑ=íÜÉ=íçí~ä=ïçêâáåÖ=Üçìêë=áí=ï~ë=ÅçÇÉÇ=~ë=NTK=
qÜÉ=ÄçìåÇ~êó=ï~ë=ëÉí=~í=SSB=~åÇ=åçí=~í=RMBI=ëáåÅÉ=íÜáë=Çáîáëáçå=êÉëÉãÄäÉë=~=ãçêÉ=
~ÅÅìê~íÉ= îáÉï= çÑ= êÉ~äáíóW= áå= íÜÉ= kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë= íÜÉ= ã~àçêáíó= çÑ= íÜÉ= ÅçìéäÉë= Å~å= ÄÉ=
ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáòÉÇ= ~ë= ~= çåÉJ~åÇJ~JÜ~äÑJÉ~êåÉê= Ñ~ãáäó= EíÜÉ= ÜìëÄ~åÇ= ïçêâáåÖ= ÑìääJíáãÉ= ~åÇ=
íÜÉ=ïáÑÉ=é~êíJíáãÉFUK=pçãÉ=ÅçìéäÉë=ÜçïÉîÉê=ÅçãÉ=ÅäçëÉê=íç=íÜÉ=ÄêÉ~ÇïáååÉê=Ñ~ãáäóI=
çíÜÉêë=íç=íÜÉ=Çì~ä=É~êåÉê=Ñ~ãáäóK==
=
eçìëÉïçêâ=í~ëâëK=^=éêçéçêíáçå~ä=ãÉ~ëìêÉ=ï~ë=ìëÉÇ=íç=ÇÉíÉêãáåÉ=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáîÉ=
ëÜ~êÉ= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= í~ëâëK= cçê= ~= ëÉí=çÑ= í~ëâëI= ÄçíÜ=^åÅÜçê= ~åÇ= ^äíÉê= ~åëïÉêÉÇ= íÜÉ=
ë~ãÉ= èìÉëíáçåë= çå= ïÜç= ìëì~ääó= ÇçÉë= íÜÉãK= cáîÉ= ~åëïÉê= Å~íÉÖçêáÉë= ïÉêÉ= ìëÉÇI=
ê~åÖáåÖ= Ñêçã= N= Ú~äï~óë= óçìÛ= íç= R= Ú~äï~óë= óçìê= é~êíåÉêÛK= qÜÉ= ãÉ~å=çÑ= ÄçíÜ= ~åëïÉêë=
ï~ë= Å~äÅìä~íÉÇ= Ñçê= íÜÉ= ïçãÉåÛë= ëÜ~êÉ= áå= éêÉé~êáåÖ= ãÉ~äëI= ÑÉíÅÜáåÖ= ÖêçÅÉêáÉë= ~åÇ=
íáÇóáåÖ= ìé= ~åÇ= ÅäÉ~åáåÖ=E~ÇÇÉÇ= íçÖÉíÜÉêFK= fÑ= íÜÉ= ÅçåíêáÄìíáçå= çÑ= íÜÉ= ïáÑÉ= ï~ë= ~ÄçîÉ=
SSB= çÑ= íÜÉ= íçí~ä= ëÜ~êÉ= çå= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= í~ëâëI= áí= ï~ë= ÅçÇÉÇ= ~ë= OX= ÄÉäçï= SSB= çÑ= íÜÉ=
íçí~ä=ëÜ~êÉ=çå=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=í~ëâë=áí=ï~ë=ÅçÇÉÇ=~ë=NK=cçê=ÅçÇáåÖ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=í~ëâëI=íÜÉ=
ë~ãÉ= êÉ~ëçåáåÖ= ï~ë= ÑçääçïÉÇ= ~ë= Ñçê= íÜÉ= é~áÇ= ïçêâ= ÜçìêëK= få= ÖÉåÉê~äI= ïçãÉå= Çç=
ãçêÉ= çå=ÜçìëÉïçêâ= í~ëâë= íÜ~å= ãÉåI= ~= ÑáÑíóJÑáÑíó=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçå=áë= ê~êÉK=pçãÉ= ÅçìéäÉë=
ÜçïÉîÉê=ãáÖÜí=ÇáîáÇÉ=íÜÉ=í~ëâë=ãçêÉ=Éèì~ääó=íÜ~å=çíÜÉêë=~åÇ=íÜÉêÉÑçêÉ=íÜÉ=ÄçìåÇ~êó=
ï~ë=ëÉí=~í=SSBK=
=
cêáÉåÇëK= _çíÜ= ^åÅÜçê= ~åÇ= ^äíÉê= ~åëïÉêÉÇ= íÜÉ= èìÉëíáçå= I^êÉ= óçìê= ÑêáÉåÇë=
ãçëíäó= óçìê= çïå= ÑêáÉåÇë= çê= ÑêáÉåÇë= ëÜ~êÉÇ= ïáíÜ= óçìê= é~êíåÉê\Ò= qÜÉ= ~åëïÉê=
Å~íÉÖçêáÉë=ïÉêÉ=Úãçëíäó=ãó=çïå=ÑêáÉåÇëÛ=ENFI=ÚãçêÉ=ãó=çïå=íÜ~å=ëÜ~êÉÇ=ÑêáÉåÇëÛEOFI=
ÚãçêÉ=ëÜ~êÉÇ=ÑêáÉåÇë=íÜ~å=ãó=çïå= ÑêáÉåÇëÛ=EPFI=~åÇ=Úãçëíäó=ëÜ~êÉÇ=ÑêáÉåÇëÛ=EQFK= qÜÉ=
T
=i`^=ëéÉÅáÑáÉë=íÜ~í=ÇáÅÜçíçãçìë=î~êá~ÄäÉë=~êÉ=~ëëáÖåÉÇ=íÜÉ=î~äìÉë=N=~åÇ=O=ê~íÜÉê=íÜ~å=M=~åÇ=NK=
=kçíÉ=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=ä~Äçê=ÑçêÅÉ=é~êíáÅáé~íáçå=çÑ=aìíÅÜ=ïçãÉå=ÇáÑÑÉêë=ÅçåëáÇÉê~Ääó=Ñêçã=íÜ~í=çÑ=rp=ïçãÉåK=
få= íÜÉ= kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë= íÜÉ= éÉêÅÉåí~ÖÉ= çÑ= ïçêâáåÖ= ïçãÉå= íÜ~í= ïçêâ= é~êíJíáãÉ= áë= SN= ïÜÉêÉ~ë= áå= íÜÉ= rp=
íÜáë=éÉêÅÉåí~ÖÉ=áë=NU=Elb`a=bãéäçóãÉåí=lìíäççâ=OMMSFK=
U
RT=
~åëïÉê= Å~íÉÖçêáÉë= ENF= ~åÇ= EOF= ïÉêÉ= êÉÅçÇÉÇ= ~ë= O= Eçïå= ÑêáÉåÇëFI= íÜÉ= ~åëïÉê=
Å~íÉÖçêáÉë=EPF=~åÇ=EQF=ïÉêÉ=êÉÅçÇÉÇ=~ë=N=EëÜ~êÉÇ=ÑêáÉåÇëFK=
mÉêÅÉáîÉÇ=ëìééçêíK==cçê=íÜÉ=ãÉ~ëìêÉãÉåí=çÑ=é~êíåÉê=ëìééçêíI=ÄçíÜ=^åÅÜçê=~åÇ=
^äíÉê= ~åëïÉêÉÇ= íÜÉ= èìÉëíáçå= Iqç= ïÜ~í= ÉñíÉåí= ÇçÉë= óçìê= é~êíåÉê= ëìééçêí= óçì= E~F= áå=
ÇÉÅáëáçåë= ~Äçìí= óçìê= ïçêâ= çê= ÉÇìÅ~íáçåI= ~åÇ= EÄF= áå= ~ää= âáåÇë= çÑ= éê~ÅíáÅ~ä= íÜáåÖë= óçì=
åÉÉÇ=íç=Çç\Ò=qÜÉ=~åëïÉê=Å~íÉÖçêáÉë=ïÉêÉ=Úåç=ëìééçêíÛ=ENFI=Ú~=äáííäÉ=ëìééçêíÛ=EOFI=Ú~=Ñ~áê=
~ãçìåí= çÑ= ëìééçêíÛ= EPF= ~åÇ= Ú~= äçí= çÑ= ëìééçêíÛ= EQFK= qÜÉ= ~åëïÉê= Å~íÉÖçêáÉë= ENF= ~åÇ= EOF=
ïÉêÉ=êÉÅçÇÉÇ=~ë=N=Eåçí=ëìééçêíáîÉFI=íÜÉ=~åëïÉê=Å~íÉÖçêáÉë=EPF=~åÇ=EQF=ïÉêÉ=êÉÅçÇÉÇ=
~ë=O=EëìééçêíáîÉFK=
=
c~Åíçêë=íÜ~í=~ÑÑÉÅí=íÜÉ=ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅó=é~ííÉêå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅçìéäÉ=
pÉÅçåÇI=íç=íÉëí=ïÜ~í=Ñ~Åíçêë=~ÑÑÉÅí=íÜÉ=ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅó=é~ííÉêå=çÑ=ÅçìéäÉëI=ãìäíáJåçãáå~ä=
äçÖáëíáÅ= êÉÖêÉëëáçå=ï~ë= ìëÉÇK= qÜÉ= ÇÉéÉåÇÉåí= î~êá~ÄäÉ= ÅçåëáëíÉÇ= çÑ=íÜÉ= Ñçìê= Åä~ëëÉë=
ÑçìåÇ=áå=íÜÉ=ä~íÉåí=Åä~ëë=~å~äóëáëK=qÜÉ=áåÇÉéÉåÇÉåí=î~êá~ÄäÉë=ïÉêÉ=íÜÉ=ãÉ~å=~ÖÉ=çÑ=
íÜÉ=ÅçìéäÉI=íÜÉ=é~êíåÉêëÜáé=ëí~íìë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅçìéäÉI=íÜÉ=ÉÇìÅ~íáçå~ä=äÉîÉä=~åÇ=ÉÇìÅ~íáçå=
Ö~éI= íÜÉ= çÅÅìé~íáçå~ä= ëí~íìë= ~åÇ= çÅÅìé~íáçå~ä= ëí~íìë= Ö~éI= ~åÇ= áåÅçãÉ= ~åÇ= áåÅçãÉ=
Ö~éK==
oÉä~íáçåëÜáé= Çìê~íáçåK= qÜÉ= Çìê~íáçå= çÑ= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= ï~ë= ãÉ~ëìêÉÇ= Äó= íÜÉ=
óÉ~ê=íÜÉ=ÅçìéäÉ=ëí~êíÉÇ=íÜÉáê=ÅçÜ~Äáí~íáçå=EëìÄíê~ÅíÉÇ=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=óÉ~ê=çÑ=íÜÉ=áåíÉêîáÉïFI=
ïÜáÅÜ=ãáÖÜí=çê=ãáÖÜí=åçí=ÄÉ=íÜÉ=ë~ãÉ=óÉ~ê=çÑ=íÜÉáê=ã~êêá~ÖÉI=áÑ=íÜÉó=~êÉ=ã~êêáÉÇK=
m~êíåÉêëÜáé= ëí~íìëK= m~êíåÉêë= ïÜç= ïÉêÉ= ã~êêáÉÇ= ïÉêÉ= ~ëëáÖåÉÇ= íÜÉ= ÅçÇÉ= N=
ïÜÉêÉ~ë=ÅçÜ~ÄáíáåÖ=é~êíåÉêë=ïÉêÉ=~ëëáÖåÉÇ=íÜÉ=ÅçÇÉ=MK===
bÇìÅ~íáçå~ä= äÉîÉäK= qÜÉ= äÉîÉä= çÑ= ÉÇìÅ~íáçå= ï~ë= Ä~ëÉÇ= çå= ëÉäÑJêÉéçêí= çÑ= ÄçíÜ=
é~êíåÉêë=~åÇ=áë=ãÉ~ëìêÉÇ=çå=~=ëÅ~äÉ=ïÜÉêÉ=N=ëí~åÇë=Ñçê=åçí=Ü~îáåÖ=ÑáåáëÜÉÇ=éêáã~êó=
ëÅÜççä= ~åÇ= NM= ëí~åÇë= Ñçê= Ü~îáåÖ= ÑáåáëÜÉÇ= ~= éçëí= ÇçÅíçê~ä= äÉîÉä= çÑ= ÉÇìÅ~íáçåK= qÜÉëÉ=
ïÉêÉ= êÉÅçÇÉÇ= áåíç= R= Å~íÉÖçêáÉëW= Úìé= íç= éêáã~êóÛ= EMFI= ÚäçïÉê= ëÉÅçåÇ~êóÛ= ENFI= ÚìééÉê=
ëÉÅçåÇ~êóÛ=EOFI=ÚÜáÖÜÉê=îçÅ~íáçå~äÛ=EPFI=~åÇ=ÚìåáîÉêëáíóÛ=EQFK=qÜÉ=~îÉê~ÖÉ=äÉîÉä=çÑ=ãÉå=áë=
OKO=~åÇ=çÑ=ïçãÉå=OKMK==
bÇìÅ~íáçå= Ö~éK= ^ÅÅçêÇáåÖ= íç= íÜÉ= êÉëçìêÅÉJÄ~êÖ~áåáåÖ= éÉêëéÉÅíáîÉ= íÜÉêÉ= áë=
êççã= Ñçê= åÉÖçíá~íáçå= áÑ= éçêí~ÄäÉ= êÉëçìêÅÉë= EëìÅÜ= ~ë= ÉÇìÅ~íáçåF= ~êÉ= ãçêÉ= Éèì~ääó=
ÇáîáÇÉÇ= ÄÉíïÉÉå= é~êíåÉêëK= tÉ= íÜÉêÉÑçêÉ= ~äëç= Å~äÅìä~íÉÇ= íÜÉ= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉ= ÄÉíïÉÉå=
ÜìëÄ~åÇ=~åÇ=ïáÑÉ=áå=äÉîÉä=çÑ=ÉÇìÅ~íáçå=EíÜÉ=ïáÑÉÛë=äÉîÉä=çÑ=ÉÇìÅ~íáçå=ï~ë=ëìÄíê~ÅíÉÇ=
Ñêçã=íÜÉ=ÜìëÄ~åÇÛëFK=
lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=ëí~íìëK=cçê=íÜÉ=çÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=ëí~íìë=çÑ=ãÉå=~åÇ=ïçãÉå=ïÉ=ìëÉÇ=
~=ëí~íìë=ëÅ~äÉK=qÜÉ=ëÅ~äÉ=ï~ë=êÉÅçÇÉÇ=áåíç=Q=Å~íÉÖçêáÉëW=äçïÉëí=íç=ORBI=ORBJRMBI=
RMBJTRBI=~åÇ=ìééÉê=ORB=EÅä~ëëáÑáÅ~íáçå=Ä~ëÉÇ=çå=íÜÉ=ÅìêêÉåí=àçÄ=çÑ=^åÅÜçê=áå=íÜÉ=
íçí~ä=ë~ãéäÉFK=qÜÉ=~îÉê~ÖÉ=çÑ=ãÉå=áë=OKS=~åÇ=çÑ=ïçãÉå=OKOK==
lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=ëí~íìë=Ö~éK= eÉêÉ=~äëç=íÜÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉ=ÄÉíïÉÉå=ÜìëÄ~åÇ=~åÇ=ïáÑÉ=
RU=
áå= íÜÉáê= ÅìêêÉåí= Eçê= ãçëí= êÉÅÉåíF= çÅÅìé~íáçå~ä= ëí~íìë= ï~ë= Å~äÅìä~íÉÇ= EíÜÉ= ïáÑÉÛë=
çÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=ëí~íìë=ï~ë=ëìÄíê~ÅíÉÇ=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=ÜìëÄ~åÇÛëFK=
fåÅçãÉK=qÜÉ=áåÅçãÉ=çÑ=ãÉå=~åÇ=ïçãÉå=ï~ë=ãÉ~ëìêÉÇ=Äó=êÉéçêíë=çÑ=^åÅÜçêK=
cçê=~ää=ãÉå=~åÇ=ïçãÉå=íÜÉ=ãçåíÜäó=áåÅçãÉ=ï~ë=Å~äÅìä~íÉÇK=fÑ=^åÅÜçê=ÇáÇ=åçí=âåçï=
çê= ÇáÇ= åçí= ï~åí= íç= ë~ó= ïÜ~í= áåÅçãÉ= ÜÉLëÜÉ= çê= ÜáëLÜÉê= é~êíåÉê= É~êåëI= ïÉ= ìëÉÇ= íÜÉ=
~îÉê~ÖÉ= áåÅçãÉ= çÑ= ãÉå= çê= ïçãÉåK= qÜÉ= ~îÉê~ÖÉ= ãçåíÜäó= áåÅçãÉ= Ñçê= ãÉå= áë= OIMOQ=
bìêç= ~åÇ= Ñçê= ïçãÉå= TRO= bìêçK=fåÅçãÉ= ï~ë= êÉÅçÇÉÇ= áåíç= S= Å~íÉÖçêáÉëW=MJTRMX=TRMJ
NIORMX=NIORMJNITRMX=NITRMJOIORMX=OIORMJOITRMX=OITRM=~åÇ=ÜáÖÜÉêK==
fåÅçãÉ=Ö~éK= qÜÉ=Ö~é=áë=íÜÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉ=ÄÉíïÉÉå=ÜìëÄ~åÇ=~åÇ=ïáÑÉ=áå=ãçåíÜäó=
áåÅçãÉ=EíÜÉ=ïáÑÉÛë=áåÅçãÉ=ï~ë=ëìÄíê~ÅíÉÇ=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=ÜìëÄ~åÇÛëFK=
=
oÉä~íáîÉ=áåÅçãÉ=~åÇ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=
qÜáêÇI=ïÉ=áåîÉëíáÖ~íÉÇ=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=ÄÉíïÉÉå=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáîÉ= áåÅçãÉ=çÑ= íÜÉ=é~êíåÉêë=
~åÇ= íÜÉáê= êÉä~íáîÉ= ëÜ~êÉ= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= íç= íÉëí= ïÜÉíÜÉê= áí= áë= íÜÉ= êÉëçìêÅÉJÄ~êÖ~áåáåÖ=
~ééêç~ÅÜ= íÜ~í= Å~å= ~ÅÅçìåí= Ñçê= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë= áå= íÜáë= êÉä~íáîÉ= ëÜ~êÉ= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= çê=
ïÜÉíÜÉê=áí=áë=ëçãÉíÜáåÖ=ÉäëÉ=íÜ~í=áë=E~äëçF=ÖçáåÖ=çå=E_áííã~åI=Éí=~äKI=OMMPF=tÉ=ÉñéÉÅí=
íÜ~í=ëçãÉíÜáåÖ=ÉäëÉ=áåÇÉÉÇ=áë=ÖçáåÖ= çåW=Çì~ä=É~êåÉê=ÅçìéäÉë=ãáÖÜí=çìíëçìêÅÉ=ã~åó=
çÑ= íÜÉ= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= í~ëâëI= ëç= íÜ~í= íÜÉ= ÇáëíêáÄìíáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= EêÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ=
áåîÉëíãÉåíëF= ÄÉÅçãÉë= ãçêÉ= Éèì~äI= åçí= ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ= íÜÉ= ã~å= ÇçÉë= ãçêÉ= Äìí= ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ=
íÜÉ= ïçã~å= ÇçÉë= äÉëëK= _ó= çìíëçìêÅáåÖ= íÜÉ= Çì~ä= É~êåÉê= ÅçìéäÉë= ~îçáÇ= íÜÉ= äçÖáÅ= çÑ=
ëã~ää= ÇÉÅáëáçåëK= tÉ= ìëÉÇ= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáîÉ= ëÜ~êÉ= çÑ= áåÅçãÉ= EçÑ= íÜÉ= ã~åF= ~åÇ= çÑ= íÜÉ=
ÜçìëÉïçêâ=EçÑ=íÜÉ=ïçã~åF=áå=~å=lip=êÉÖêÉëëáçå=~å~äóëáëK=
=
lìíëçìêÅáåÖ=
cçìêíÜI=ïÉ=~êÖìÉÇ=íÜ~í=é~êíåÉêë=ïÜç=ÄçíÜ=ïçêâ=~=ÅçåëáÇÉê~ÄäÉ=~ãçìåí=çÑ=íáãÉ=É~ÅÜ=
ïÉÉâ= ~êÉ= äáâÉäó= íç= çìíëçìêÅÉ= ã~åó= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= í~ëâëI= ëç= íÜ~í= íÜÉ= ÇáëíêáÄìíáçå= çÑ=
êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ= áåîÉëíãÉåíë= ÄÉÅçãÉë= ãçêÉ= Ñ~îçê~ÄäÉ= íç= íÜÉ= ïçã~åI= åçí=
ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ= ÜÉê= é~êíåÉê= ÇçÉë= ãçêÉ= Äìí= ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ= ëÜÉ= ÇçÉë= äÉëë= áå= íÜÉ= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= ~åÇ=
ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ= íÜÉêÉ= ~êÉ= íÜìë= ÑÉïÉê= ëáíì~íáçåë= áå= ïÜáÅÜ= íÜÉ= äçÖáÅ= çÑ= ÅçãéÉíÉåÅÉ= ~ééäáÉëK=
qç= íÉëí= ïÜÉíÜÉê= íÜÉ= Åä~ëëÉë= ÇáÑÑÉêÉÇ= çå= çìíëçìêÅáåÖ= çÑ= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= ïçêâ= ~åÇ= ÅÜáäÇ=
Å~êÉI= ïÉ= ìëÉÇ= äçÖáëíáÅ= êÉÖêÉëëáçåëK= qÜÉ= ÇÉéÉåÇÉåí= î~êá~ÄäÉë= ïÉêÉ= ãÉ~ëìêÉÇ= ïáíÜ=
íÜÉ=èìÉëíáçåë=Úaç=óçì=é~ó=ëçãÉçåÉ=íç=ÜÉäé=óçì=ïáíÜ=ÅÉêí~áå=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=ÇìíáÉë\Û=~åÇ=
Úaç=óçì=ã~âÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=é~áÇ=ÅÜáäÇÅ~êÉ\Û=qÜÉ=~åëïÉê=Å~íÉÖçêáÉë=ïÉêÉ=óÉë=ENF=~åÇ=åç=EMFK=
qÜÉ=Åä~ëëÉë=ïÉêÉ=íÜÉ=éêÉÇáÅíçê=î~êá~ÄäÉë=EíÜêÉÉ=ÇìããáÉë=~åÇ=~=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=Å~íÉÖçêóFK==
=
j~êáí~ä=Ü~ééáåÉëë=
cáÑíÜI= ïÉ= ÉñéäçêÉÇ= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= ÄÉíïÉÉå= íÜÉ= ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅó= é~ííÉêå= çÑ= íÜÉ= ÅçìéäÉ=
~åÇ= íÜÉ= ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëë= çÑ= ïçãÉå= ~åÇ= ãÉå= Äó= ìëáåÖ= lip= êÉÖêÉëëáçå= ~å~äóëáëK=
RV=
j~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëë= ï~ë= ãÉ~ëìêÉÇ= Äó= Iq~âáåÖ= ÉîÉêóíÜáåÖ= íçÖÉíÜÉêI= Üçï= ïçìäÇ= óçì=
ÇÉëÅêáÄÉ= óçìê= êÉä~íáçå= ïáíÜ= óçìê= é~êíåÉê\Ò= qÜÉ= ~åëïÉê= Å~íÉÖçêáÉë= ïÉêÉ= Úåçí= ÖêÉ~íÛ=
ENFI= ÚêÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉÛ= EOFI= ÚÖççÇÛ= EPFI= ~åÇ= ÚîÉêó= ÖççÇÛ= EQFK= qÜÉ= áåÇÉéÉåÇÉåí= î~êá~ÄäÉë=
ÅçåëáëíÉÇ=çÑ=íÜêÉÉ=Çìããó=î~êá~ÄäÉë=~åÇ=~=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=Å~íÉÖçêóI=êÉéêÉëÉåíáåÖ=íÜÉ=Ñçìê=
Åä~ëëÉë=ÑçìåÇ=áå=íÜÉ=ä~íÉåí=Åä~ëë=~å~äóëáëK=^ë=Åçåíêçä=î~êá~ÄäÉë=ïÉ=áåÅäìÇÉÇ=íÜÉ=ãÉ~å=
~ÖÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= ÅçìéäÉI= é~êíåÉêëÜáé= ëí~íìëI= íÜÉ= ~ÖÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= óçìåÖÉëí= ÅÜáäÇI= ÉÇìÅ~íáçå~ä=
äÉîÉäI=çÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=ëí~íìë=~åÇ=áåÅçãÉK=
=
=
PKT=oÉëìäíë=
=
qç= ÉñéäçêÉ= ïÜÉíÜÉê= íÜÉêÉ= ~êÉ= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí= é~ííÉêåë= çÑ= ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅó= ïáíÜáå= ÅçìéäÉë=
ëÉîÉê~ä=éçêí~ÄäÉ=~åÇ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ=áåîÉëíãÉåíë=ïÉêÉ=áåÅäìÇÉÇ=áå=~=ä~íÉåí=Åä~ëë=
~å~äóëáëK= qÜÉëÉ= ïÉêÉ= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáîÉ= ëÜ~êÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= ÜìëÄ~åÇ= áå= íÜÉ= íçí~ä= ~ãçìåí= çÑ= é~áÇ=
ïçêâ= Üçìêë= çÑ= íÜÉ=ÅçìéäÉI= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáîÉ= ëÜ~êÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= ïáÑÉ= áå= ÜçìëÉïçêâI= íÜÉ= ëìééçêí=
ãÉå= ~åÇ= ïçãÉå= éÉêÅÉáîÉ= çå= ïçêâ= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= ~åÇ= éê~ÅíáÅ~ä= ã~ííÉêë= ~åÇ= ïÜÉíÜÉê= ~=
é~êíåÉê=EãçëíäóF=ëéÉåÇë=íáãÉ=ïáíÜ=éÉêëçå~ä=ÑêáÉåÇë=çê=EãçëíäóF=ïáíÜ=Åçããçå=ÑêáÉåÇëK=
qÜÉ=êÉëìäíë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ä~íÉåí=Åä~ëë=~å~äóëáë=~êÉ=ëÜçïå=áå=q~ÄäÉ=PKNK=
=
=
q~ÄäÉ=PKN=
oÉëìäíë=i~íÉåí=`ä~ëë=^å~äóëáë=ãÉ~ëìêáåÖ=ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅó=
=
=
`ä~ëë=
=
`ä~ëë=B=
=
oÉä~íáîÉ=ëÜ~êÉ=é~áÇ=ïçêâ=ã~å=[SSB=
mÉêÅÉáîÉÇ=ëìééçêí=ïçêâ=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=ïçã~å=
mÉêÅÉáîÉÇ=ëìééçêí=ïçêâ=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=ã~å=
=
oÉä~íáîÉ=ëÜ~êÉ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=ïçã~å=[SSB=
mÉêÅÉáîÉÇ=ëìééçêí=éê~ÅíáÅ~ä=ã~ííÉêë=ïçã~å=
mÉêÅÉáîÉÇ=ëìééçêí=éê~ÅíáÅ~ä=ã~ííÉêë=ã~å=
=
mÉêëçå~ä=ÑêáÉåÇë=ïçã~å=
mÉêëçå~ä=ÑêáÉåÇë=ã~å=
=
G=m=Z=éçêí~ÄäÉ=áåîÉëíãÉåí==
===o=Z=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ=áåîÉëíãÉåí==
===p=Z=éÉêÅÉáîÉÇ=ëìééçêí==
=
=
=
=
=
G=
m=
p=
p=
=
o=
p=
p=
=
m=
m=
=
SM=
=
N=
=
RQKQ=
=
KTT=
KVM=
KVM=
=
KUS=
KVO=
KVU=
=
KOU=
KNS=
=
=
O=
=
NSKR=
=
KRV=
KRM=
KTP=
=
KTV=
KPT=
KUR=
=
KRR=
KPR=
=
=
P=
=
RKP=
=
KRM=
KUO=
KNV=
=
KUM=
KUQ=
KOM=
=
KPR=
KOM=
=
=
Q=
=
OPKT=
=
KNT=
KVT=
KVO=
=
KPM=
KVS=
KVQ=
=
KQS=
KPM=
=
qÜÉ= ÄÉëí= ãçÇÉäJÑáí= áë= ÖáîÉå= ïÜÉå= íÜÉ= ãçÇÉä= áåÅäìÇÉë= Q= Åä~ëëÉëK= qÜÉ= ã~àçêáíó= áå=
ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅó= Åä~ëë= çåÉ= ERQKQBF= Ü~ë= ~= íê~Çáíáçå~ä= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= é~áÇ= ïçêâ= E~= TTB=
äáâÉäáÜççÇ=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=ÜìëÄ~åÇÛë=ëÜ~êÉ=áë=ãçêÉ=íÜ~å=SSBF=~åÇ=~=îÉêó=íê~Çáíáçå~ä=Çáîáëáçå=
çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâW=íÜÉêÉ=áë=~å=USB=äáâÉäáÜççÇ=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=ïáÑÉ=ÇçÉë=ãçêÉ=íÜ~å=SSB=çÑ=íÜÉ=
ÜçìëÉïçêâK=_çíÜ=é~êíåÉêë=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉ=îÉêó=ÜáÖÜ=äÉîÉäë=çÑ=ëìééçêí=çå=ïçêâ=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=
~åÇ= éê~ÅíáÅ~ä= ã~ííÉêë= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= äáâÉäáÜççÇ= çÑ= é~êíåÉêë= ëéÉåÇáåÖ= íáãÉ= ëÉé~ê~íÉäó= ïáíÜ=
éÉêëçå~ä=ÑêáÉåÇë=áë=Ñ~áêäó=äçïI=Äìí=ÜáÖÜÉê=Ñçê=ïçãÉå=EOUBF=íÜ~å=Ñçê=ãÉå=ENSBFK=tÉ=
Å~ää=íÜÉëÉ=ÅçìéäÉë=íê~Çáíáçå~ä=íáÖÜí=ÅçìéäÉëK=
=
få= íÜÉ= ëÉÅçåÇ= ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅó= Åä~ëëI= ÅçìéäÉë= ENSKRBF= Ü~îÉ= ~= Ñ~áêäó= íê~Çáíáçå~ä=
Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= é~áÇ= ïçêâ= EíÜÉ= äáâÉäáÜççÇ= íÜ~í= íÜáë= Çáîáëáçå= áë= ëìÄëí~åíá~ääó= ëâÉïÉÇ= áë=
~äãçëí=SMBF=~åÇ=~=îÉêó=íê~Çáíáçå~ä=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=E~=TVB=äáâÉäáÜççÇ=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=
ïáÑÉ=ÇçÉë=ãçêÉ=íÜ~å=SSB=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÜçìëÉïçêâFK=tçãÉå=áå=íÜÉëÉ=ÅçìéäÉë=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉ=
ëìÄëí~åíá~ääó=äÉëë=ëìééçêí=çå=ÄçíÜ=ïçêâ=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=~åÇ=éê~ÅíáÅ~ä=ã~ííÉêëI=~åÇ=~äëç=Ñçê=
íÜÉ= ãÉå= íÜÉ= éÉêÅÉáîÉÇ= ëìééçêí= áå= ÄçíÜ= ~êÉ~ë= áë= äçïÉê= íÜ~å= Ñçê= íê~Çáíáçå~ä= íáÖÜí=
ÅçìéäÉëK= qÜÉ= äáâÉäáÜççÇ= íÜ~í= É~ÅÜ= é~êíåÉê= ëéÉåÇë= íáãÉ= ïáíÜ= íÜÉáê= çïå= éÉêëçå~ä=
ÑêáÉåÇë= áë= ÜáÖÜ= Åçãé~êÉÇ= íç= íÜÉ= çíÜÉê= Åä~ëëÉëI= ~åÇ= ~Ö~áå= ÜáÖÜÉê= Ñçê= ïçãÉå= ERRBF=
íÜ~å=Ñçê=ãÉå=EPRBFK=tÉ=Å~ää=íÜÉëÉ=ÅçìéäÉë=íê~Çáíáçå~ä=äççëÉ=ÅçìéäÉëK==
=
få= íÜÉ= íÜáêÇ= ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅó= Åä~ëë= ERKPBFI= íÜÉ= äáâÉäáÜççÇ= íÜ~í= ÅçìéäÉë= Ü~îÉ= ~=
ëìÄëí~åíá~ääó= ëâÉïÉÇ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= é~áÇ= ïçêâ= áë= RMBI= íÜÉ= äáâÉäáÜççÇ= çÑ= Ü~îáåÖ= ~=
ëìÄëí~åíá~ääó=ëâÉïÉÇ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=áë=ÜçïÉîÉê=UMBK=páåÅÉ=íÜÉ=äáâÉäáÜççÇ=çÑ=
~=ëìÄëí~åíá~ääó=ëâÉïÉÇ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=é~áÇ=ïçêâ=áë=Éñ~Åíäó=RMBI=ÅçìéäÉë=áå=íÜáë=Åä~ëë=~êÉ=
Éèì~ääó=äáâÉäó=íç=Öç=Ñçê=~=Çì~ä=É~êåÉê=Ñ~ãáäó=íóéÉ=~ë=íÜÉó=~êÉ=íç=Öç=Ñçê=~=ÄêÉ~ÇïáååÉê=
Ñ~ãáäó= íóéÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= é~áÇ= ïçêâK= tçãÉå= ÑÉÉä= ëìééçêíÉÇX= ãÉå= áå= íÜÉëÉ= ÅçìéäÉë=
ÜçïÉîÉê=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉ=îÉêó=äçï=ëìééçêí=çå=ÄçíÜ=ïçêâ=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=~åÇ=éê~ÅíáÅ~ä=ã~ííÉêëK=
_çíÜ=ãÉå=~åÇ=ïçãÉå=ëéÉåÇ=åçí=ëç=ãìÅÜ=íáãÉ=ïáíÜ=íÜÉáê=çïå=éÉêëçå~ä=ÑêáÉåÇëI=Äìí=
ïçãÉå=EPRBF=ëéÉåÇ=~Ö~áå=ãçêÉ=íáãÉ=ïáíÜ=éÉêëçå~ä=ÑêáÉåÇë=íÜ~å=ãÉå=EOMBFK=tÉ=Å~ää=
íÜÉëÉ=ÅçìéäÉë=ìåÄ~ä~åÅÉÇ=ÅçìéäÉëK==
qÜÉ= ÑçìêíÜ= ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅó= Åä~ëë= Åçåëáëíë= çÑ= ÅçìéäÉë= EOPKTBF= ïÜçëÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ=
é~áÇ=ïçêâ=~åÇ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=áë=êÉä~íáîÉäó=Éèìáí~ÄäÉX=íÜÉ=äáâÉäáÜççÇë=íÜ~í=íÜÉëÉ=Çáîáëáçåë=
~êÉ= ëìÄëí~åíá~ääó= ëâÉïÉÇ= ~êÉ= NTB= ~åÇ= PMB= êÉëéÉÅíáîÉäóK= _çíÜ= ãÉå= ~åÇ= ïçãÉå=
ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉ= ÉîÉå= ÜáÖÜÉê= äÉîÉäë= çÑ= ëìééçêí= íÜ~å= íÜÉ= íê~Çáíáçå~ä= íáÖÜí= ÅçìéäÉë= çå= ÄçíÜ=
ïçêâ= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= ~åÇ= éê~ÅíáÅ~ä= ã~ííÉêëK= qÜÉ= äáâÉäáÜççÇ= íÜ~í= é~êíåÉêë= EãçëíäóF= ëéÉåÇ=
íáãÉ=ïáíÜ=íÜÉáê=çïå=éÉêëçå~ä=ÑêáÉåÇë=áë=QSB=Ñçê=ïçãÉå=~åÇ=PMB=Ñçê=ãÉåK=^äíÜçìÖÜ=
íÜÉ=äáâÉäáÜççÇ=çÑ=~=ëâÉïÉÇ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=áë=ëíáää=PMBI=ïÉ=Å~ää=íÜÉëÉ=ÅçìéäÉë=
éÉÉêëI=ÑçääçïáåÖ=pÅÜï~êò=ENVVQFVK=
=
V
= qÜÉ= éÉÉê= ÅçìéäÉë= áå= ÜÉê= ëíìÇó= ÇáÇ= åçí= ÖÉåÉê~ääó= Ü~îÉ= ãçêÉ= íÜ~å= ~= ëáñíóJÑçêíó= íê~Çáíáçå~ä= ëéäáí= çÑ=
ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=ïçêâ=~åÇ=É~ÅÜ=éÉêëçåÛë=ïçêâ=ï~ë=ÖáîÉå=Éèì~ä=ïÉáÖÜí=áå=ÇÉ=ÅçìéäÉÛë=äáÑÉ=éä~åëK=
SN=
c~Åíçêë=íÜ~í=~ÑÑÉÅí=ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅó=
_ÉÑçêÉ=ïÉ=áåîÉëíáÖ~íÉÇ=ïÜ~í=Ñ~Åíçêë=~ÑÑÉÅí=íÜÉ=ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅó=é~ííÉêå=çÑ=ÅçìéäÉë=Ó=ïáíÜ=
~= ãìäíáJåçãáå~ä= äçÖáëíáÅ= êÉÖêÉëëáçå= ~å~äóëáë= Ó= ïÉ= éÉêÑçêãÉÇ= ~= ÇÉëÅêáéíáîÉ= ~å~äóëáëK=
q~ÄäÉ=PKO=ëÜçïë=íÜÉ=ãÉ~åë=~åÇ=ëí~åÇ~êÇ=ÇÉîá~íáçåë=çÑ=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅçìéäÉë=
éÉê=ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅó=Åä~ëëK=
=
=
q~ÄäÉ=PKO=
=
jÉ~åë=~åÇ=ëí~åÇ~êÇ=ÇÉîá~íáçåë=E=F=çÑ=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅçìéäÉ=éÉê=Åä~ëë=
=
=
qê~Çáíáçå~ä=
íáÖÜí=ÅçìéäÉë=
qê~Çáíáçå~ä=
äççëÉ=ÅçìéäÉë=
råÄ~ä~åÅÉÇ=
ÅçìéäÉë=
mÉÉê=ÅçìéäÉë=
=
tçêâ=Üçìêë=ïçã~å=
tçêâ=Üçìêë=ã~å=
=
bÇìÅ~íáçå~ä=äÉîÉä=ïçã~å=
bÇìÅ~íáçå~ä=äÉîÉä=ã~å=
=
lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=ëí~íìë=ïçã~å=
lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=ëí~íìë=ã~å=
=
fåÅçãÉ=ïçã~å=
fåÅçãÉ=ã~å=
=
jÉ~å=~ÖÉ=ã~å=~åÇ=ïçã~å=
^ÖÉ=óçìåÖÉëí=ÅÜáäÇ=
iÉåÖíÜ=çÑ=ÅçÜ~Äáí~íáçå=
=
=
=
NPKM===ENNKVF=
QOKO===ENOKRF=
=
NKV===E====KVF=
OKO===E==NKNF=
=
OKN===E==NKMF=
OKS===E==NKMF=
=
NKR===E==NKRF=
PKV===E==NKQF=
=
QNKU===E==TKRF=
VKU===E==TKMF=
NTKR===E==UKNF=
=
=
NPKQ===ENPKOF=
PTKV===ENUKOF=
=
OKM===E==NKNF=
OKO===E==NKOF=
=
OKO===E==NKNF=
OKT===E==NKNF=
=
NKT===E==NKNF=
PKU===E==NKSF=
=
QQKV===E==UKQF=
NNKP===E==UKOF=
NVKU===E==VKQF=
=
=
NTKO===ENRKPF=
PQKS===ENUKSF=
=
NKT===E====KVF=
NKU===E==NKOF=
=
OKM===E==NKMF=
OKR===E==NKNF=
=
NKT===E==NKNF=
PKR===E==NKRF=
=
QQKM===E==TKRF=
NOKS===E==UKQF=
OMKQ===E==VKOF=
=
=
OTKQ===ENNKQF=
PNKP===ENSKNF=
=
OKQ===E==NKMF=
OKP===E==NKNF=
=
OKS===E==NKMF=
OKS===E==NKNF=
=
OKS===E==NKPF=
PKQ===E==NKQF=
=
QNKV===E==TKRF=
UKV===E==TKMF=
NRKV===E==UKOF=
=
=
qÜÉ=éÉÉê=ïçãÉå= Ü~îÉ=íÜÉ=ÜáÖÜÉëí=äÉîÉä= çÑ= ÉÇìÅ~íáçåI=~åÇ=íÜÉ=ë~ãÉ=ÜçäÇë=Ñçê=éÉÉê=
ãÉåK= få= íÜÉ= ìåÄ~ä~åÅÉÇ= ÅçìéäÉë= ÄçíÜ= ãÉå= ~åÇ= ïçãÉå= Ü~îÉ= íÜÉ= äçïÉëí= äÉîÉä= çÑ=
ÉÇìÅ~íáçåK= qÜÉ= éÉÉê= ïçãÉå= ~äëç= Ü~îÉ= íÜÉ= ÜáÖÜÉëí= çÅÅìé~íáçå~ä= ëí~íìë= ~åÇ= íÜÉ=
ÜáÖÜÉëí= áåÅçãÉI= Åçãé~êÉÇ= íç= íÜÉ= çíÜÉê= Åä~ëëÉëK= qÜÉ= éÉÉê= ãÉå= Ü~îÉ= íÜÉ= äçïÉëí=
áåÅçãÉI=~äíÜçìÖÜ=íÜÉ=éÉÉê=ÅçìéäÉ=~ë=~=ïÜçäÉ=Ü~ë=íÜÉ=ÜáÖÜÉëí=áåÅçãÉ=çÑ=~ää=ÅçìéäÉëK=
få= íÜÉ= íê~Çáíáçå~ä= äççëÉ= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= ìåÄ~ä~åÅÉÇ= ÅçìéäÉëI= ãÉå= ~åÇ= ïçãÉå= íÉåÇ= íç= ÄÉ=
çäÇÉêI= íÜÉáê= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéë= Ü~îÉ= íÜÉ= äçåÖÉëí= Çìê~íáçåI= ~åÇ= íÜÉáê= ÅÜáäÇêÉå= íÉåÇ= íç= ÄÉ=
çäÇÉêK= qÜÉ= éÉÉê= ÅçìéäÉë= Ü~îÉ= ÄÉÉå= íçÖÉíÜÉê= Ñçê= íÜÉ= ëÜçêíÉëí= éÉêáçÇ= çÑ= íáãÉI= çå=
~îÉê~ÖÉK=
=
tÜÉíÜÉê= íÜÉ= íê~Çáíáçå~ä= íáÖÜíI= íê~Çáíáçå~ä= äççëÉ= ~åÇ= ìåÄ~ä~åÅÉÇ= ÅçìéäÉë= ÇáÑÑÉê=
ïáíÜ=êÉÖ~êÇ=íç=î~êáçìë=Ä~ÅâÖêçìåÇ=Ñ~Åíçêë=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=éÉÉê=ÅçìéäÉë=ï~ë=íÉëíÉÇ=ïáíÜ=~=
SO=
ãìäíáJåçãáå~ä= äçÖáëíáÅ= êÉÖêÉëëáçåK= qÜÉ= êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ= Å~íÉÖçêó= áå= íÜÉ= ~å~äóëÉë= íÜìë= ï~ë=
íÜÉ= éÉÉê= ÅçìéäÉëÛ= Åä~ëëK= qÜÉ= êÉëìäíë= ïÉêÉ= êÉéçêíÉÇ= áå= q~ÄäÉ= PKPK= aìÉ= íç=
ãìäíáÅçääáåÉ~êáíó= ïÉ= ÇáÇ= åçí= áåÅäìÇÉ= ãÉ~å= ~ÖÉ= çÑ= ÜìëÄ~åÇ= ~åÇ= ïáÑÉ= ~åÇ= ~ÖÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ=
óçìåÖÉëí=ÅÜáäÇI=ïÜáÅÜ=ÄçíÜ=ÜáÖÜäó=ÅçêêÉä~íÉÇ=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=Çìê~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéK==
=
=
q~ÄäÉ=PKP=
=
jìäíáJåçãáå~ä= äçÖáëíáÅ= êÉÖêÉëëáçå= çÑ= ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅó= Åä~ëë= EÅçãé~êÉÇ= íç= éÉÉê= Åä~ëëF= çå=
ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅçìéäÉ=~åÇ=çÑ=é~êíåÉêë=ëÉé~ê~íÉäó=EbñéE_FF=
=
=
=
~=
~=
=
oÉä~íáçåëÜáé=Çìê~íáçå=
Ä=
m~êíåÉêëÜáé=ëí~íìëW=ÅçÜ~Äáí~íáçå
=
jçÇÉä=N
qê~ÇK=
=qê~ÇK=
råÄ~äK=
íáÖÜí=îë= äççëÉ=îë= îë=éÉÉê=
éÉÉê=
éÉÉê=
=
=
=
=NKMMV=
NKMRSGG= NKMRTGG=
@=
= KQTSGG== NKSRM
KUUM=
=
=
=
jçÇÉä=O
qê~ÇK=
qê~ÇK=
råÄ~äK=
íáÖÜí=îë= äççëÉ=îë= îë=éÉÉê=
éÉÉê=
éÉÉê=
=
=
=
NKMMQ=
NKMRSGGG= NKMQSG=
KQURGG= NKTMMG=
KUVT=
=
=
=
bÇìÅ~íáçå=Ö~é=
lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=ëí~íìë=Ö~é=
fåÅçãÉ=Ö~é=
=
bÇìÅ~íáçå~ä=äÉîÉä=ïçã~å=
bÇìÅ~íáçå~ä=äÉîÉä=ã~å=
lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=ëí~íìë=ïçã~å=
lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=ëí~íìë=ã~å=
fåÅçãÉ=ïçã~å=
fåÅçãÉ=ã~å=
=
O=
k~ÖÉäâÉêâÉ=o
=NKMUT=
NKMVR=
KVQR=
=
=
=
=NKNMS@=
NKNQU@=
NKNVO=
=
=
=
=NKTSTGGG= NKRSPGGG= NKPSTGGG=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
KTRTGG=
KUPT
KSTUG=
@=
=
=
=
NKMMN=
NKMRV=
KTRT
=
=
=
KUUO=
KUVP=
KUPQ=
=
=
=
NKMOT=
NKNNU=
NKNQM=
=
=
=
KQQRGGG= KRNUGGG= KSTTGG=
=
=
=
NKRTQGGG= NKPRRGGG= NKPNOG=
=
KNTU=
KOOR=
@
=é=Y=KNM=G=é=Y=KMR==GG=é=Y=KMN==GGG=é=Y=KMMNK=
=oÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=Å~íÉÖçêó=áë=íÜÉ=éÉÉê=ÅçìéäÉ=
Ä
=oÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=Å~íÉÖçêó=áë=ã~êêáÉÇ==
~
=
=
`çãé~êÉÇ=íç=éÉÉê=ÅçìéäÉëI=íê~Çáíáçå~ä=äççëÉ=~åÇ=ìåÄ~ä~åÅÉÇ=ÅçìéäÉë=~êÉ=äáâÉäó=íç=äáîÉ=
íçÖÉíÜÉê= Ñçê= ~= äçåÖÉê= éÉêáçÇ= çÑ= íáãÉK= qÜáë= áë= áå= äáåÉ= ïáíÜ= ïÜ~í= ïÉ= éêÉÇáÅíÉÇK=
qê~Çáíáçå~ä= íáÖÜí= ÅçìéäÉë= ~åÇ= éÉÉê= ÅçìéäÉë= ÜçïÉîÉê= Çç= åçí= ÇáÑÑÉê= áå= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=
Çìê~íáçå= EíÜáë= ï~ë= åçí= éêÉÇáÅíÉÇFI= ïÜÉêÉ~ë= íÜÉó= ÇáÑÑÉê= ÅçåëáÇÉê~Ääó= çå= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJ
ëéÉÅáÑáÅ= áåîÉëíãÉåíë= EëÉÉ= q~ÄäÉ= PKNFK= ^ë= êÉÖ~êÇë= é~êíåÉêëÜáé= ëí~íìëI= ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åí=
ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë= ÉãÉêÖÉ= ÄÉíïÉÉå= íê~Çáíáçå~ä= íáÖÜí= ~åÇ= éÉÉê= ÅçìéäÉë= ~åÇ= ÄÉíïÉÉå=
íê~Çáíáçå~ä=äççëÉ=~åÇ=éÉÉê=ÅçìéäÉëK=qê~Çáíáçå~ä=íáÖÜí=ÅçìéäÉë=~êÉ=äÉëë=äáâÉäó=íç=ÅçÜ~Äáí=
EáKÉK=åçí=ÄÉáåÖ=ã~êêáÉÇFI=ïÜÉêÉ~ë=íê~Çáíáçå~ä=äççëÉ=ÅçìéäÉë=~êÉ=ëçãÉïÜ~í=ãçêÉ=äáâÉäó=
íç= ÅçÜ~ÄáíK= tÉ= éêÉÇáÅíÉÇ= ÅçÜ~ÄáíáåÖ= ÅçìéäÉë= íç= ã~âÉ= äÉëë= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ=
áåîÉëíãÉåíëK=qÜáë=áë=ÅçåÑáêãÉÇ=ÉñÅÉéí=Ñçê=íÜÉ=íê~Çáíáçå~ä=äççëÉ=ÅçìéäÉëK=fí=áë=éçëëáÄäÉ=
íÜ~í=íÜÉëÉ=ÅçìéäÉë=~êÉ=åçí=áåëÉÅìêÉ=~Äçìí=íÜÉáê=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=Äìí=Ü~îÉ=ÅÜçëÉå=åçí=íç=
SP=
ã~êêóK= få= íÜ~í= Å~ëÉ= íÜÉ= ê~åÖÉ= çÑ= ÄáÖ= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= ïçìäÇ= åçí= ÄÉ= ÉñíÉåÇÉÇ= ~åÇI= çå= íÜáë=
éçáåíI=íÜÉ=ÅçìéäÉ=ïçìäÇ=ÄÉÜ~îÉ=äáâÉ=~=ã~êêáÉÇ=ÅçìéäÉK==
oÉëìäíë= Ñçê= ãçÇÉä= N= ëÜçï= ÑìêíÜÉêãçêÉ= íÜ~í= íÜÉ= íÜêÉÉ= ÅçìéäÉ= íóéÉë= Çç= åçí=
ÇáÑÑÉê=áå=íÉêãë=çÑ=íÜÉ=Ö~é=áå=ÉÇìÅ~íáçå~ä=~íí~áåãÉåí=ÄÉíïÉÉå=ÜìëÄ~åÇ=~åÇ=ïáÑÉK=sÉêó=
ëã~ää= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë= ~êÉ= ÑçìåÇ= Ñçê= íÜÉ= çÅÅìé~íáçå~ä= ëí~íìë= Ö~é= ~åÇ= çåäó= Ñçê= íê~Çáíáçå~ä=
íáÖÜí=~åÇ=íê~Çáíáçå~ä=äççëÉ=ÅçìéäÉëW=íÜÉ=Ö~é=ÄÉíïÉÉå=ÜìëÄ~åÇ=~åÇ=ïáÑÉ=áë=ÖêÉ~íÉê=Ñçê=
íÜÉëÉ=ÅçìéäÉë=Åçãé~êÉÇ=íç=éÉÉê=ÅçìéäÉëK=^=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=é~ííÉêå=çÑ=êÉëìäíë=ÉãÉêÖÉë=Ñçê=
íÜÉ= äáâÉäáÜççÇ= çÑ= ~å= áåÅçãÉ= Ö~éK= qÜÉ= ÖÉåÇÉê= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë= áå= áåÅçãÉ= Ñçê= íê~Çáíáçå~ä=
íáÖÜíI=íê~Çáíáçå~ä=äççëÉ=~åÇ=ìåÄ~ä~åÅÉÇ=ÅçìéäÉë=~êÉ=ÖêÉ~íÉê=íÜ~å=Ñçê=éÉÉê=ÅçìéäÉëK=qÜÉ=
ÖÉåÇÉê=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉ=áå=áåÅçãÉ=áë=ÖêÉ~íÉëí=Ñçê=íê~Çáíáçå~ä=íáÖÜí=ÅçìéäÉëK=qÜáë=ã~ó=ÄÉ=íÜÉ=
êÉëìäí= çÑ= íÜÉ= ëâÉïåÉëë=áå= é~áÇ= ïçêâ= ÄÉíïÉÉå= íÜÉëÉ=ÅçìéäÉë=~åÇ= íÜÉ= éÉÉê=ÅçìéäÉëK=
páåÅÉ= íÜÉ= íê~Çáíáçå~ä= íáÖÜíI= íê~Çáíáçå~ä= äççëÉ= ~åÇ= ìåÄ~ä~åÅÉÇ= ÅçìéäÉë= ÇáÑÑÉê= çå= íÜÉ=
ëâÉïåÉëë=çÑ=é~áÇ=ïçêâ=Äìí=åçí=çå=íÜÉ=ëâÉïåÉëë=çÑ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ=áåîÉëíãÉåíë=
EáKÉK= åçí= çå= íÜÉ= çìíÅçãÉë= çÑ= íÜÉ= ëã~ää= ÇÉÅáëáçåëI= ëÉÉ= q~ÄäÉ= PKNFI= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë= áå=
éçêí~ÄäÉ= êÉëçìêÅÉë= EÉÇìÅ~íáçåI= çÅÅìé~íáçå~ä= ëí~íìë= ~åÇ= áåÅçãÉF= ~êÉ= äáâÉäó= íç= ÄÉ=
êÉä~íÉÇ=íç=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë=áå=çìíÅçãÉë=çÑ=IÄáÖÒ=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=EíÜÉ=ëâÉïåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=
çÑ=é~áÇ=ïçêâF=Äìí=åçí=ëã~ää=ÇÉÅáëáçåëI=áå=äáåÉ=ïáíÜ=ïÜ~í=ïÉ=Ü~Ç=éêÉÇáÅíÉÇK==
fÑ=ïÉ=Ü~îÉ=~=äççâ=~í=íÜÉ=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ïáÑÉ=~åÇ=ÜìëÄ~åÇ=EãçÇÉä=OFI=ïÉ=
ëÉÉ= íÜ~í= ïçãÉå= áå= íê~Çáíáçå~ä= íáÖÜí= ~åÇ= ìåÄ~ä~åÅÉÇ= ÅçìéäÉë= ~êÉ= ãçêÉ= éççêäó=
ÉÇìÅ~íÉÇK= cìêíÜÉêãçêÉI= ïçãÉå= áå= íê~Çáíáçå~ä= íáÖÜíI= íê~Çáíáçå~ä= äççëÉ= ~åÇ= ìåÄ~ä~åÅÉÇ=
ÅçìéäÉë=Ü~îÉ=äçïÉê=áåÅçãÉë=íÜ~å=íÜçëÉ=áå=éÉÉê=ÅçìéäÉëI=ïÜÉêÉ~ë=ãÉå=áå=íê~Çáíáçå~ä=
íáÖÜíI= íê~Çáíáçå~ä= äççëÉ= ~åÇ= ìåÄ~ä~åÅÉÇ= ÅçìéäÉë= Ü~îÉ= ÜáÖÜÉê= áåÅçãÉë= íÜ~å= íÜçëÉ= áå=
éÉÉê=ÅçìéäÉëK=aáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë=Äó=ÅçìéäÉ=íóéÉ=áå=ïçãÉåÛë=~åÇ=ãÉåÛë=çÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=ëí~íìë=
~êÉ=åçí=çÄëÉêîÉÇK==
=
oÉä~íáîÉ=áåÅçãÉ=~åÇ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=
tÜÉíÜÉê= åÉÖçíá~íáçåë= ~Åíì~ääó= í~âÉ= éä~ÅÉ= ï~ë= áåîÉëíáÖ~íÉÇ= áåÇáêÉÅíäó= Äó= Åçãé~êáåÖ=
êÉä~íáîÉ=áåÅçãÉ=ïáíÜ=êÉä~íáîÉ=ÜçìëÉïçêâK=qÜÉ=éÉÉê=ÅçìéäÉë=Ü~îÉ=~=ãìÅÜ=äÉëë=ëâÉïÉÇ=
Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= íÜ~å= íÜÉ= çíÜÉêëK= ^= ëâÉïÉÇ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= áë= çÑíÉå=
Éñéä~áåÉÇ= Äó= ~= éççê= åÉÖçíá~íáçå= éçëáíáçå= çÑ= ïçãÉåW= Äó= ~å= ~ëëçÅá~íáçå= ÄÉíïÉÉå=
áåÅçãÉ=~åÇ=íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâK=_ó=Åçåíê~ëíI=ïÉ=~êÖìÉÇ=íÜ~í=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ä~Äçê=
áå= íÜÉ= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= áë= ÇêáîÉå=Äó= íÜÉ= Åìãìä~íáîÉ=ÉÑÑÉÅí= çÑ= ëã~ää= ÅçãéÉíÉåÅÉ= ÇÉÅáëáçåë=
~åÇ=íÜ~í=íÜáë=~ëëçÅá~íáçå=ÄÉíïÉÉå=áåÅçãÉ=~åÇ=íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=áë=íÜìë=åçí=
Å~ìëÉÇ=Äó=åÉÖçíá~íáçåëI=Äìí=áë=ÇìÉ=íç=~=Öêçìé=çÑ=Çì~ä=É~êåÉêë=ÄçíÜ=çÑ=ïÜçã=Ü~îÉ=~=
ÜáÖÜ=áåÅçãÉ=~åÇ=çìíëçìêÅÉ=ãìÅÜ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÜçìëÉïçêâK=fí=áë=åçí=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=ãÉå=Çç=ãçêÉ=
EÄÉÅ~ìëÉ=íÜÉó=Ü~îÉ=~=ïÉ~âÉê=åÉÖçíá~íáçå=éçëáíáçåF=Äìí=ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ=íÜÉ=ïçãÉå=áå=íÜÉëÉ=
ÅçìéäÉë= Çç= äÉëë= ~åÇ= çìíëçìêÅÉ= ãçêÉK= qÜÉ= êÉëìäíë= áå= q~ÄäÉ= PKQ= ëìééçêí= íÜáë= äáåÉ= çÑ=
êÉ~ëçåáåÖK= tÉ= éÉêÑçêãÉÇ= íïç= êÉÖêÉëëáçå= ~å~äóëÉëW= áå= íÜÉ= ëÉÅçåÇ= ~å~äóëáë= ïÉ=
SQ=
áåÅäìÇÉÇ= íÜÉ= éÉÉê= ÅçìéäÉë= ~ë= ~= ëÉé~ê~íÉ= î~êá~ÄäÉ= E~ää= çíÜÉê= ÅçìéäÉë= ÄÉáåÖ= íÜÉ=
êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=Å~íÉÖçêóFK=
=
=
q~ÄäÉ=PKQ=
=
lip=êÉÖêÉëëáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáîÉ=ëÜ~êÉ=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=EçÑ=ïçãÉåF=çå=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáîÉ=ëÜ~êÉ=
çÑ=áåÅçãÉ=EçÑ=ãÉåF=Eëí~åÇ~êÇáòÉÇ=ÅçÉÑÑáÅáÉåíëFK=
=
=
=
=
oÉä~íáîÉ=ëÜ~êÉ=çÑ=áåÅçãÉ=EãÉåF=
~=
mÉÉêë
=
bÇìÅ~íáçå~ä=äÉîÉä=ïçã~å=
bÇìÅ~íáçå~ä=äÉîÉä=ã~å=
lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=ëí~íìë=ïçã~å=
lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=ëí~íìë=ã~å=
tçêâáåÖ=Üçìêë=ïçã~å=
tçêâáåÖ=Üçìêë=ã~å=
=
oO=
k=
=
oÉä~íáîÉ=ëÜ~êÉ=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=EïçãÉåF=
=
jçÇÉä=N=
jçÇÉä=O=
=
=
KNMSGGG=
KMRQG=
=
JKQUOGGG=
=
=
JKMRO=
JKMNR=
JKMNO=
KMMP=
JKMTQGG=
JKMRQG=
KMMV=
JKMNQ=
JKOMVGGG=
JKMRPG=
KOSMGGG=
KNQSGGG=
=
=
KNVO=
KPSP=
NTUV=
NTUV=
@
=é=Y=KNM=G=é=Y=KMR==GG=é=Y=KMN==GGG=é=Y=KMMNK=
=oÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=Å~íÉÖçêóW=~ää=çíÜÉê=ÅçìéäÉë=
~
=
=
få= íÜÉ= Ñáêëí= ãçÇÉä= ~= ÜáÖÜäó= ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åí= ÅçêêÉä~íáçå= áë= ÑçìåÇ= ÄÉíïÉÉå= êÉä~íáîÉ= áåÅçãÉ=
~åÇ=êÉä~íáîÉ=ëÜ~êÉ=áå=ÜçìëÉïçêâI=áå=äáåÉ=ïáíÜ=ïÜ~í=íÜÉ=êÉëçìêÅÉJÄ~êÖ~áåáåÖ=~ééêç~ÅÜ=
éêÉÇáÅíëX=áÑ=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáîÉ=áåÅçãÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ã~å=áë=ÜáÖÜÉêI=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáîÉ=ëÜ~êÉ=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=
çÑ=íÜÉ=ïçã~å=áë=~äëç=ÜáÖÜÉêK=få=íÜÉ=ëÉÅçåÇ=ãçÇÉäI=íÜáë=ÅçêêÉä~íáçå=ÄÉíïÉÉå=êÉä~íáîÉ=
áåÅçãÉ= ~åÇ= êÉä~íáîÉ= ëÜ~êÉ= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= ÇÉÅêÉ~ëÉë= ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åíäóI= ïÜÉêÉ~ë= Ñçê= íÜÉ=
éÉÉê=ÅçìéäÉë=~=ëíêçåÖ=~ÇÇáíáçå~ä=ÉÑÑÉÅí=áë=ÑçìåÇK=qÜÉ=éÉÉê=ÅçìéäÉë=Ü~îÉ=~=ãìÅÜ=ãçêÉ=
Éèì~ä=ÇáëíêáÄìíáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=íÜ~å=íÜÉ=çíÜÉêë=ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ=íÜÉ=ïçã~å=ÇçÉë=äÉëë=~åÇ=
çìíëçìêÅÉë= ãçêÉI= åçí= ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ= ÇìÉ= íç= ÜÉê= éçïÉê= éçëáíáçå= íÜÉ= ïáÑÉ= Å~å= ã~âÉ= íÜÉ=
ÜìëÄ~åÇ=Çç=ãçêÉ=áå=íÜÉ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇK=^=ëã~ää=ÉÑÑÉÅí=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÜìëÄ~åÇÛë=êÉä~íáîÉ=áåÅçãÉ=
êÉã~áåëI= ëç= íÜ~í= ~= ëã~ää= êÉëçìêÅÉJÄ~êÖ~áåáåÖ= ÉÑÑÉÅí= Å~ååçí= ÄÉ= êìäÉÇ= çìíK= eçïÉîÉêI=
íÜÉ= éÉÉê= ÅçìéäÉ= ÉÑÑÉÅí= áë= ~Äçìí= åáåÉ= íáãÉë= ~ë= ä~êÖÉK= qÜìëI= íÜÉ= ä~êÖÉëí= é~êí= çÑ= íÜÉ=
~ëëçÅá~íáçå=ÄÉíïÉÉå=íÜÉ= ÜìëÄ~åÇÛë=êÉä~íáîÉ=áåÅçãÉ=~åÇ=íÜÉ= ïáÑÉÛë=êÉä~íáîÉ=ëÜ~êÉ=çÑ=
ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= ïçêâ= áë= Éñéä~áåÉÇ= Äó= ~å= ÉÑÑÉÅí= íÜ~í= Ü~ë= åçíÜáåÖ= íç= Çç= ïáíÜ= åÉÖçíá~íáåÖ=
SR=
éçïÉêK= qÜÉ=Éñéä~áåÉÇ= î~êá~åÅÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= ãçÇÉä= íÜ~í= áåÅäìÇÉë=íÜÉ= éÉÉê= ÅçìéäÉ= ÉÑÑÉÅí=áë=
~äëç=ãìÅÜ=ÜáÖÜÉêI=áí=áåÅêÉ~ëÉë=Ñêçã=NVKOB=EãçÇÉä=NF=íç=PSKPB=EãçÇÉä=OFK=få=çêÇÉê=íç=
ÅÜÉÅâ=ïÜÉíÜÉê=íÜÉêÉ=áë=~=IÇçáåÖ=ÖÉåÇÉêÒ=çê=ÇÉîá~åÅÉ=åÉìíê~äáòáåÖ=ÉÑÑÉÅí=EëÉÉ=~ÄçîÉ=
~åÇ= tÉëí= ~åÇ= wáããÉêã~åI= NVUTX= dêÉÉåëíÉáåI= OMMMF= ïÉ= ~äëç= ÅÜÉÅâÉÇ= ïÜÉíÜÉê=
ïçãÉå=ïÜç=É~êå=ãçêÉ=íÜ~å=íÜÉáê=ÜìëÄ~åÇ=~Åíì~ääó= Çç=ãçêÉ=ê~íÜÉê=íÜ~å=äÉëë=áå=íÜÉ=
ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= E~å= ÉÑÑÉÅí= íÜ~í= áë= ëçãÉíáãÉë= ÑçìåÇ= ~åÇ= çÑíÉå= åçí= ÑçìåÇ= áå= ÉãéáêáÅ~ä=
êÉëÉ~êÅÜ= áå= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí= ÅçìåíêáÉëI= ëÉÉ= dìéí~I= OMMTFK= fí= íìêåë= çìí= íÜ~í= áå= çìê= ë~ãéäÉI=
êçìÖÜäó=RB=çÑ=íÜÉ=ïáîÉë=É~êå=ãçêÉ=íÜ~å=íÜÉáê=ÜìëÄ~åÇë=Äìí=íÜÉó=~Åíì~ääó=Çç=äÉëë=çÑ=
íÜÉ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= íÜ~å= ïçãÉå= ïÜç= É~êå= íÜÉ= ë~ãÉ=çê= äÉëë= íÜ~å= íÜÉáê= ÜìëÄ~åÇëK= qÜìë=
Ñçê=íÜÉ=kÉíÜÉêä~åÇëI=ïÉ=ÑáåÇ=åç=ÇçáåÖ=ÖÉåÇÉê=çê=ÇÉîá~åÅÉ=åÉìíê~äáò~íáçå=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=
=
qÜÉ= ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅó= é~ííÉêåë= ëÜçï= ÅäÉ~êäó= íÜ~í= áå= ~ää= Åä~ëëÉëI= ÉñÅÉéí= íÜÉ= éÉÉê=
ÅçìéäÉëI= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ= áåîÉëíãÉåí= áå= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= í~ëâë= áë= ÜáÖÜäó= ëâÉïÉÇ=
áêêÉëéÉÅíáîÉ= çÑ= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí= ëÜ~êÉë= áå= é~áÇ= ïçêâK= q~ÄäÉ= PKR= Åçåí~áåë= áåÑçêã~íáçå= çå=
çìíëçìêÅáåÖ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=ïçêâ=~åÇ=ÅÜáäÇ=Å~êÉK= tÉ=éêÉÇáÅíÉÇ=íÜ~í=éÉÉê=ÅçìéäÉë=Ü~îÉ=~=
ãçêÉ= Ä~ä~åÅÉÇ= ëáíì~íáçå= ïáíÜ= êÉÖ~êÇ= íç= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ= áåîÉëíãÉåíë= ÇìÉ= íç=
çìíëçìêÅáåÖ=EíÜìë=~îçáÇáåÖ=íÜÉ=éêçÅÉëë=çÑ=ëã~ää=ÇÉÅáëáçåëFK=^ë=Å~å=ÄÉ=ëÉÉå=áå=q~ÄäÉ=
PKRI= éÉÉê= ÅçìéäÉë= çìíëçìêÅÉ= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= ïçêâ= ~åÇ= ÅÜáäÇ= Å~êÉ= ãçêÉ= çÑíÉå= íÜ~å=
íê~Çáíáçå~ä= íáÖÜí= ~åÇ= ìåÄ~ä~åÅÉÇ= ÅçìéäÉëK= qÜáë= ÑáåÇáåÖ= ëìééçêíë= çìê= éêÉÇáÅíáçåK=
fåíÉêÉëíáåÖäóI= íÜÉ= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉ= ÄÉíïÉÉå= éÉÉê= ÅçìéäÉë= ~åÇ= íê~Çáíáçå~ä= äççëÉ= ÅçìéäÉë= áë=
åçí= ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åí= Ñçê= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= çìíëçìêÅáåÖK= qÜáë= ã~ó= áåÇáÅ~íÉ= íÜ~í= áå= íÜÉ= íê~Çáíáçå~ä=
äççëÉ=ÅçìéäÉëI=íÜÉ=ã~å=ÇçÉë=ëç=äáííäÉ=íÜ~í=ÉîÉå=íÜçìÖÜ=íÜÉ=ÅçìéäÉ=çìíëçìêÅÉë=~=ÖêÉ~í=
ÇÉ~ä= çÑ= íÜÉ= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= ïçêâI= íÜÉ= ïçã~å= ëíáää= ÇçÉë= ÅçåëáÇÉê~Ääó= ãçêÉ= íÜ~å= ÜÉê=
é~êíåÉêK==
=
=
q~ÄäÉ=PKR=
=
içÖáëíáÅ= êÉÖêÉëëáçå= çÑ= çìíëçìêÅáåÖ= çÑ= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= ïçêâ= ~åÇ= çìíëçìêÅáåÖ= çÑ= ÅÜáäÇ= Å~êÉ=
çå=ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅó=Åä~ëë=Eìåëí~åÇ~êÇáòÉÇ=ÅçÉÑÑáÅáÉåíëF=
=
=
lìíëçìêÅáåÖ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= lìíëçìêÅáåÖ=ÅÜáäÇ=Å~êÉ=
ïçêâ=
=
=
=
~
aÉéÉåÇÉåÅó=Åä~ëë W=
=
=
=
qê~Çáíáçå~ä=íáÖÜí=ÅçìéäÉë=
JKTOOGGG=
JKVUPGGG==
qê~Çáíáçå~ä=äççëÉ=ÅçìéäÉë=
JKOPQ=
JKUUUGGG=
@=
råÄ~ä~åÅÉÇ=ÅçìéäÉë=
JKRRT
JKVNUGG=
=
=
=
@
=é=Y=KNM=G=é=Y=KMR==GG=é=Y=KMN==GGG=é=Y=KMMNK=
=oÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=Å~íÉÖçêó=áë=íÜÉ=éÉÉê=ÅçìéäÉ=
~
SS=
eçï=ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅó=~ÑÑÉÅíë=ã~êáí~ä=Ü~ééáåÉëë=
tÉ= ~êÖìÉÇ=íÜ~í= áÑ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ=áåîÉëíãÉåíë= ïÉêÉ= íÜÉ= êÉëìäí= çÑ= åÉÖçíá~íáçåëI=
íÜÉå= íÜÉëÉ= áåîÉëíãÉåíë= ëÜçìäÇ= ~ÑÑÉÅí= ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëë= åÉÖ~íáîÉäó= ïÜÉå= íÜÉó= ~êÉ=
îÉêó=ìåÉèì~äK=fÑI=Äó=Åçåíê~ëíI=íÜÉó=~êÉ=íÜÉ=Åìãìä~íáîÉ=êÉëìäí=çÑ=ëã~ää=ÇÉÅáëáçåëI=íÜÉå=
íÜÉêÉ= ëÜçìäÇ= ÄÉ= åç= ÅçêêÉä~íáçå= ÄÉíïÉÉå= íÜÉ= ëâÉïåÉëë= çÑ= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ=
áåîÉëíãÉåíë= ~åÇ= ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëëK= q~ÄäÉ= PKS= ëÜçïë= íÜÉ= êÉëìäíë= çÑ= ~å= lip=
êÉÖêÉëëáçå= ~å~äóëáë= çÑ= ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëë= çå= ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅó= Åä~ëëK= qÜÉ= êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=
Å~íÉÖçêó=ï~ë=íÜÉ=éÉÉê=ÅçìéäÉë=Åä~ëëK==
=
=
q~ÄäÉ=PKS=
=
lip=êÉÖêÉëëáçå=çÑ=ã~êáí~ä=Ü~ééáåÉëë=çå=ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅó=Åä~ëë=Eëí~åÇ~êÇáòÉÇ=ÅçÉÑÑáÅáÉåíëF=
=
=
=
j~êáí~ä=Ü~ééáåÉëë=
jÉå=
=
=
=
JKMOP=
JKORRGGG=
JKORRGGG=
KMMN=
JKPMMGGG=
JKMUVGGG=
aÉéÉåÇÉåÅó=Åä~ëë~W=
qê~Çáíáçå~ä=íáÖÜí=ÅçìéäÉ=
qê~Çáíáçå~ä=äççëÉ=ÅçìéäÉ=
råÄ~ä~åÅÉÇ=ÅçìéäÉ=
=
=
=
`çåíêçä=î~êá~ÄäÉëW=
jÉ~å=~ÖÉ=ã~å=~åÇ=ïçã~å=
m~êíåÉêëÜáé=ëí~íìë=
^ÖÉ=óçìåÖÉëí=ÅÜáäÇ=
bÇìÅ~íáçå~ä=äÉîÉä=ïçã~å=
bÇìÅ~íáçå~ä=äÉîÉä=ã~å=
lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=ëí~íìë=ïçã~å=
lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=ëí~íìë=ã~å=
fåÅçãÉ=ïçã~å=
fåÅçãÉ=ã~å=
=
O=
o
@=
~
tçãÉå=
=
JKNVPGGG=
KMSUGG=
KNRNGG=
JKMPO=
KMSPG=
KMNN=
KMMS=
JKMNT=
KMROG=
=
KNPU=
JKONTGGG=
KMQQ@=
KNPQGG=
KMOU=
JKMMP=
KMMU=
JKMNM=
KMPN=
KMPS=
=
KNOS=
=é=Y=KNM===G=é=Y=KMR==GG=é=Y=KMN==GGG=é=Y=KMMNK=
=oÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=Å~íÉÖçêó=áë=íÜÉ=éÉÉê=ÅçìéäÉ=
=
=
qÜÉêÉ=áë=åç=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉ=ÄÉíïÉÉå=íÜÉ=ã~êáí~ä=Ü~ééáåÉëë= çÑ=ãÉå=~åÇ=ïçãÉå=ïÜç=~êÉ=
é~êí= çÑ= ~= éÉÉê= ÅçìéäÉ= çê= ~= íê~Çáíáçå~ä= íáÖÜí= ÅçìéäÉK= eçïÉîÉêI= ãÉå= ~åÇ= ïçãÉå= ïÜç=
~êÉ= é~êí= çÑ= ~= íê~Çáíáçå~ä= äççëÉ= ÅçìéäÉ= çê= ~å= ìåÄ~ä~åÅÉÇ= ÅçìéäÉ= ~êÉ= äÉëë= Ü~ééó= íÜ~å=
íÜÉáê= éÉÉê= é~êíåÉê= ÅçìåíÉêé~êíëK= oÉÅ~ää= íÜ~í= EëÉÉ= q~ÄäÉ= PKNF= ~= ã~àçê= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉ=
ST=
ÄÉíïÉÉå= íê~Çáíáçå~ä= äççëÉ= ~åÇ= ìåÄ~ä~åÅÉÇ= ÅçìéäÉë= çå= íÜÉ= çåÉ= Ü~åÇ= ~åÇ= íê~Çáíáçå~ä=
íáÖÜí=~åÇ=éÉÉê=ÅçìéäÉë=çå=íÜÉ=çíÜÉê=áë=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=ÑçêãÉê=~êÉ=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáòÉÇ=Äó=äçï=äÉîÉäë=
çÑ=é~êíåÉê=ëìééçêíK=fí=ëÉÉãë=íÜÉêÉÑçêÉ=íÜ~í=é~êíåÉê=ëìééçêí=ê~íÜÉê=íÜ~å=íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=
é~áÇ= çê= ìåé~áÇ= ä~Äçê= Åçìåíë= Ñçê= ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëëI= ïÜáÅÜ= ~Ö~áå= Ñ~îçêë= íÜÉ= ëã~ää=
ÇÉÅáëáçå=íÜÉçêó=çîÉê=íÜÉ=êÉëçìêÅÉJÄ~êÖ~áåáåÖ=íÜÉçêó=Ñçê=íÜÉ=Éñéä~å~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ïáÑÉÛë=
êÉä~íáîÉ=ëÜ~êÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=ïçêâK=
=
=
PKU=`çåÅäìëáçå=~åÇ=ÇáëÅìëëáçå=
=
få=íÜáë=êÉëÉ~êÅÜ=ïÉ=ÉñéäçêÉÇ=ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅáÉë=ïáíÜáå=é~êíåÉê=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéë=Äó=í~âáåÖ=áåíç=
~ÅÅçìåí= éçêí~ÄäÉ= ~åÇ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ= áåîÉëíãÉåíë= çÑ= é~êíåÉêëK= qÜÉ= éçêí~ÄäÉ=
áåîÉëíãÉåíë= ïÉêÉ= áåîÉëíãÉåíë= áå= é~áÇ= ïçêâ= Üçìêë= ~åÇ= éÉêëçå~ä= ÑêáÉåÇë= ~åÇ= íÜÉ=
êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ=áåîÉëíãÉåíë=ïÉêÉ=áåîÉëíãÉåíë=áå=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=~åÇ=ëìééçêí=çÑ=íÜÉ=
é~êíåÉê=áå=ïçêâ=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=~åÇ=éê~ÅíáÅ~ä=ã~ííÉêëK==
_ó= ä~íÉåí= Åä~ëë= ~å~äóëáë= Ñçìê= ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅó= Åä~ëëÉë= ÅçìäÇ= ÄÉ= ÇáëíáåÖìáëÜÉÇW=
íê~Çáíáçå~ä= íáÖÜí= ÅçìéäÉë= ERQKQBFI= éÉÉê= ÅçìéäÉë= EOPKTBFI= íê~Çáíáçå~ä= äççëÉ= ÅçìéäÉë=
ENSKRBF= ~åÇ= ìåÄ~ä~åÅÉÇ= ÅçìéäÉë= ERKPBFK= qÜÉ= íê~Çáíáçå~ä= íáÖÜí= ~åÇ= éÉÉê= ÅçìéäÉë=
ÇáÑÑÉêÉÇ= ïáíÜ= êÉÖ~êÇ= íç= íÜÉáê= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= é~áÇ= ïçêâ= ÜçìêëI= íÜÉáê= ëÜ~êÉ= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ=
~åÇ= éÉêëçå~ä= ÑêáÉåÇëI= Äìí= åçí= ïáíÜ= êÉÖ~êÇ= íç= ëìééçêí= çÑ= íÜÉ= é~êíåÉêë= çå= ïçêâ=
ÇÉÅáëáçåë= ~åÇ= éê~ÅíáÅ~ä= ã~ííÉêëK= tçãÉå= áå= íê~Çáíáçå~ä= íáÖÜí= ÅçìéäÉë= ã~âÉ= ÑÉïÉê=
éçêí~ÄäÉ=áåîÉëíãÉåíë=~åÇ=ãçêÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ=áåîÉëíãÉåíë=íÜ~å=íÜÉáê=é~êíåÉêëK=
tÉ=íÜÉêÉÑçêÉ=ÅçìäÇ=ë~ó=íÜ~í=íÜÉëÉ=ïçãÉå=~êÉ=ãçêÉ=ÇÉéÉåÇÉåí=çå=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéI=
ÉëéÉÅá~ääó=Ñçê=ÉÅçåçãáÅ=êÉëçìêÅÉëK==
qÜÉ= íê~Çáíáçå~ä= äççëÉ= ÅçìéäÉë= ÇáÑÑÉê= Ñêçã= íÜÉ= íê~Çáíáçå~ä= íáÖÜí= ÅçìéäÉë= áå= íÜÉ=
Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=é~áÇ=ïçêâ=Üçìêë=Eáë=ëçãÉïÜ~í=ãçêÉ=Éèìáí~ÄäÉFI=íÜÉ=íáãÉ=íÜÉó=ëéÉåÇ=ïáíÜ=
éÉêëçå~ä= ÑêáÉåÇë= EãçêÉ= íáãÉ= ïáíÜ= éÉêëçå~ä= ÑêáÉåÇëFI= Äìí= ÉëéÉÅá~ääó= áå= íÜÉ= éÉêÅÉáîÉÇ=
ëìééçêí=çÑ=ïçãÉå=EïçãÉå=áå=íÜÉëÉ=ÅçìéäÉë=éÉêÅÉáîÉ=ãìÅÜ=äÉëë=ëìééçêíFK=fí=ëÉÉãë=
íÜ~í= íÜÉêÉ= áë= åç= ãìíì~ä= Öç~ä= áå= ëÜ~êáåÖ= ïçêâ= ~åÇ= Ñ~ãáäó= äáÑÉW= íÜÉ= é~ííÉêå= çÑ=
ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅó= ïáíÜáå= íÜÉëÉ= ÅçìéäÉë= ãáÖÜí= ÄÉ= ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáòÉÇ= ~ë= áåÇÉéÉåÇÉåí= EãÉåF= Ó=
ÇÉéÉåÇÉåí= EïçãÉåFI= ~äíÜçìÖÜ= ïçãÉå= ~äëç= áåÅäáåÉ= íç=áåÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅÉ=áå=Ü~îáåÖ= ãçêÉ=
éÉêëçå~ä=ÑêáÉåÇëK==
qÜÉ= ìåÄ~ä~åÅÉÇ= ÅçìéäÉë= ~äëç= ÇáÑÑÉê= Ñêçã= íÜÉ= íê~Çáíáçå~ä= íáÖÜí= ÅçìéäÉë= áå= íÜÉ=
Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= é~áÇ= ïçêâ= Üçìêë= Eáë= ãçêÉ= Éèìáí~ÄäÉFI= ~åÇ= ÉëéÉÅá~ääó= áå= íÜÉ= éÉêÅÉáîÉÇ=
ëìééçêí=çÑ=ãÉå=EãÉå=áå=íÜÉëÉ=ÅçìéäÉë=éÉêÅÉáîÉ=ãìÅÜ=äÉëë=ëìééçêíFK=qÜÉ=ãçëí=äáâÉäó=
áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçå=çÑ=íÜáë=é~ííÉêå=áë=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=ïáîÉë=~êÉ=Çáëë~íáëÑáÉÇ=ïáíÜ=ÜìëÄ~åÇÛë=êÉä~íáîÉ=
ëÜ~êÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= íçí~ä= Eé~áÇF= ïçêâáåÖ= Üçìêë= EíÜÉ= äáâÉäáÜççÇ= çÑ= íÜÉ= ãÉå= ÅçåíêáÄìíáåÖ= íÜÉ=
ã~àçêáíó=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅçìéäÉÛë=é~áÇ=ïçêâáåÖ=Üçìêë=áë=RMB=Åçãé~êÉÇ=íç=TTB=Ñçê=íê~Çáíáçå~ä=
SU=
íáÖÜí=ÅçìéäÉëFK=få=íìêåI=íÜÉ=ÜìëÄ~åÇë=ëÉÉã=íç=éêÉÑÉê=íÜÉáê=ïáîÉë=íç=ïçêâ=~=äçí=Ñçê=é~óI=
~ë=Å~å= ÄÉ= ÖäÉ~åÉÇ= Ñêçã= íÜÉ= ÜáÖÜ= äÉîÉäë= çÑ= ëìééçêí=çå=ïçêâ= ÇÉÅáëáçåë=E~åÇ= éê~ÅíáÅ~ä=
ã~ííÉêëF=ïáîÉë=éÉêÅÉáîÉ=ÖÉííáåÖ=Ñêçã=íÜÉáê=ÜìëÄ~åÇëK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=åç=ÅäÉ~ê=ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅó=
é~ííÉêå=áå=íÜÉëÉ=ÅçìéäÉë=~åÇ=áí=áë=ìåÅäÉ~ê=ïÜÉíÜÉê=íÜÉó=ëÉÉ=íÜÉ=êÉÅçåÅáäá~íáçå=çÑ=ïçêâ=
~åÇ=Ñ~ãáäó=äáÑÉ=~ë=~=ëÜ~êÉÇ=éêçÄäÉãK=
tÜ~í=áë=ëíêáâáåÖ=áë=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=äáâÉäáÜççÇ=çÑ=Ü~îáåÖ=~=ëìÄëí~åíá~ääó=ëâÉïÉÇ=Çáîáëáçå=
çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= áë= îÉêó= ÜáÖÜ= áå= TSKPB= çÑ= íÜÉ= ÅçìéäÉëK= tÜó= ÇçÉë= íÜáë= ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅó=
ÇÉîÉäçé\= lìê= ~åëïÉê= íç= íÜáë= èìÉëíáçå= ï~ë= ~= íÜÉçêó= çÑ= IëçÅá~ä= ê~íáçå~äáíóÒ= EëÉÉ=
iáåÇÉåÄÉêÖI=OMMNI=OMMSFI=ïÜáÅÜ=~êÖìÉë=íÜ~í=ëçÅá~ä=ÅáêÅìãëí~åÅÉë=ã~âÉ=éÉçéäÉ=~ééäó=
ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí= äçÖáÅë= çÑ= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= áå= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí= ëáíì~íáçåëK= táíÜ= êÉÖ~êÇ= íç= ÅçìéäÉëI= íÜáë=
ãÉ~åë= íÜ~í= IÄáÖÒ= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= íÜ~í= ~ÑÑÉÅí= ä~êÖÉê= êÉëçìêÅÉë= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= ~êÉ=
ã~ÇÉ= ïáíÜ=~= äçÖáÅ= çÑ= áåíÉêÉëí= ~äáÖåãÉåí= ~åÇ=~= îáÉï=íç= íÜÉ= ãìíì~ä= áÇÉ~= çÑ= ïÜ~í= íÜÉ=
êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=äáâÉK=_ó=Åçåíê~ëíI=íÜÉ=ã~åó=Iëã~ääÒ=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=çÑ=ÉîÉêóÇ~ó=äáÑÉ=
áå=íÜÉ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=~êÉ=ã~ÇÉ=ïáíÜ=~=äçÖáÅ=çÑ=ÅçãéÉíÉåÅÉW=ïÜç=Å~å=Çç=íÜáë=í~ëâ=ÄÉííÉê\=
bñéÉêáÉåÅÉ= ~åÇ= ëíÉêÉçíóéáÅ~ä= ÉñéÉÅí~íáçåë= ã~âÉ= íÜÉ= ïçã~å= ãçêÉ= ÅçãéÉíÉåí= Ñçê=
ãçëí= í~ëâë= áå= íÜÉ= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= Åìãìä~íáîÉ= ÉÑÑÉÅí= çÑ= íÜÉëÉ= ëã~ää= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= áë=
íÜ~í= íÜÉ= ïçã~å= áåîÉëíë= ëìÄëí~åíá~ääó= ãçêÉ= áå= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= íÜ~å= íÜÉ= ã~åI= í~âáåÖ=
íáãÉ= ~ï~ó= Ñêçã= éçêí~ÄäÉ= áåîÉëíãÉåíë= íÜ~í= ïçìäÇ= áåÅêÉ~ëÉ= ÜÉê= áåÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅÉK= qÜáë=
íÜÉçêó= ÇáÑÑÉêë= Ñêçã= íÜÉ= êÉëçìêÅÉJÄ~êÖ~áåáåÖ= íÜÉçêó= ïÜáÅÜ= í~âÉë= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ=
áåîÉëíãÉåíë=íç=ÄÉ=íÜÉ=êÉëìäí=çÑ=åÉÖçíá~íáçåë=~Äçìí=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=í~ëâëK==
=tÉ=~êÖìÉÇ=íÜ~í=åÉÖçíá~íáçå=áë=çåäó=ìëÉÇ=áå=íÜÉ=IÄáÖÒ=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=áå=íÜÉ=é~êíåÉê=
êÉä~íáçåëÜáéI=Ñçê=Éñ~ãéäÉ=ïÜÉíÜÉê=é~êíåÉê=ëÜçìäÇ= Ü~îÉ=~= é~áÇ=àçÄK=qÜÉ=çìíÅçãÉë= çÑ=
íÜÉ= åÉÖçíá~íáçåë= ã~ó= íÜìë= åçí= ÅçåíêáÄìíÉ= íç= ~= äÉëë= ëâÉïÉÇ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâI=
Äìí=Ñçê=ëçãÉ=íç=~=äÉëë=ëâÉïÉÇ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=é~áÇ=ïçêâ=EïáíÜ=çìíëçìêÅáåÖ=çÑ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=
í~ëâëFK= jçêÉçîÉêI= áÑ= ïÉ= Öç= ÑìêíÜÉê= áåíç= ÇÉí~áäI= ÉîÉå= íÜÉ= éÉÉê= ÅçìéäÉë= Ü~îÉ= ~= åçåJ
åÉÖäáÖáÄäÉ=äáâÉäáÜççÇ=EPMBF=çÑ=~=ëìÄëí~åíá~ääó=ëâÉïÉÇ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâK=fí=áë=îÉêó=
äáâÉäó= íÜ~í= ÉîÉå= áå= éÉÉê= ÅçìéäÉëI= ïçãÉå= ã~âÉ= ãçêÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ=
áåîÉëíãÉåíë=íÜ~å=íÜÉáê=ãÉåW=íÜÉ=Åìãìä~íáîÉ=ÉÑÑÉÅí=çÑ=ëã~ää=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=~äëç=Åçìåíë=Ñçê=
íÜÉãI=çåäó=íç=~=äÉëëÉê=ÉñíÉåíK=qÜÉ=ãçêÉ=Éèìáí~ÄäÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=ïçêâ=çÑ=éÉÉê=
ÅçìéäÉë=áë=îÉêó=äáâÉäó=íÜÉ=êÉëìäí=çÑ=çìíëçìêÅáåÖI=ïÜáÅÜ=êÉÇìÅÉë=íÜÉ=éçëëáÄáäáíáÉë=Ñçê=íÜÉ=
ãÉÅÜ~åáëã=çÑ=ëã~ää=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=íç=çÅÅìêK=lìê=êÉëìäíë=~êÉ=áå=äáåÉ=ïáíÜ=~=êÉÅÉåí=ëíìÇó=çå=
çìíëçìêÅáåÖ=áå=íÜÉ=kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë=Es~å=ÇÉê=iáééÉI=qáàÇÉåëI=~åÇ=aÉ=oìáàíÉêI=OMMRF=ïÜáÅÜ=
êÉéçêíÉÇ= íÜ~í= Çì~ä= É~êåÉê= ÅçìéäÉë= ~åÇ= ÅçìéäÉë= ïÜÉêÉ= ÄçíÜ= Ü~îÉ= ÜáÖÜÉê= ÉÇìÅ~íáçå=
çìíëçìêÅÉ= ~= ÖêÉ~í= ÇÉ~ä= çÑ= íÜÉ= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= í~ëâëK= qÜÉ= ä~êÖÉê= Ä~êÖ~áåáåÖ= éçïÉê= çÑ=
ïçãÉå=áå=ëìÅÜ=ÅçìéäÉë=ã~ó=ëíêçåÖäó=ÅçåíêáÄìíÉ=íç=íÜÉ=IÄáÖÒ=ÇÉÅáëáçå=íç=çìíëçìêÅÉI=
ÄìíI=~Ö~áåëí=íÜÉ=êÉëçìêÅÉJÄ~êÖ~áåáåÖ=íÜÉçêóI=áí=áë=ìåäáâÉäó=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=ïçãÉåÛë=Ä~êÖ~áåáåÖ=
éçïÉê=ã~âÉë=íÜÉ=ã~äÉ=é~êíåÉê=í~âÉ=ãçêÉ=çÑ=~å=Éèì~ä=ëÜ~êÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=í~ëâëK=
qÜÉó=ÄçíÜ=Çç=äÉëë=áå=íÜÉ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇK==
SV=
låÉ= Éñíê~= ÅçêêçÄçê~íáçå= çÑ= íÜÉ= éêÉëìãÉÇ= éêçÅÉëë= çÑ= ëã~ää= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= Eê~íÜÉê=
íÜ~å= åÉÖçíá~íáçåëF= ÅçåÅÉêåáåÖ= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= í~ëâë= áë= íÜÉ= Ñ~Åí= íÜ~í= ãÉå= ~åÇ= ïçãÉå= áå=
íê~Çáíáçå~ä= íáÖÜí= ÅçìéäÉë= ~åÇ= éÉÉê= ÅçìéäÉë= ÇáÇ= åçí= ÇáÑÑÉê= çå= ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëëK= qÜáë=
ÑáåÇáåÖ= áë= áå= äáåÉ= ïáíÜ= çìê= ÉñéÉÅí~íáçå= íÜ~í= áí= áë= íÜÉ= Åìãìä~íáîÉ= éêçÅÉëë= çÑ= ëã~ää=
ÇÉÅáëáçåë=íÜ~í=ÖçîÉêåë=íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=í~ëâë=~åÇ=íÜ~í=íÜÉêÉÑçêÉ=íÜÉêÉ=~êÉ=åç=äçëÉêë=çÑ=
~= åÉÖçíá~íáçå= éêçÅÉëë= íÜ~í= ÅçìäÇ= ~ÑÑÉÅí= ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëëK= m~êíåÉêë= ïáíÜ= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=
é~ííÉêåë= çÑ= ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅó= EêÉÖ~êÇáåÖ= íÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâF= ~êÉ= Éèì~ääó= Ü~ééó= áå=
íÜÉáê= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéëK= fí= áë= íÜÉ= íê~Çáíáçå~ä= äççëÉ= ~åÇ= ìåÄ~ä~åÅÉÇ= ÅçìéäÉë= íÜ~í= ~êÉ= äÉëë=
Ü~ééóK=qÜìëI=ìåÜ~ééáåÉëë=Ñçê=ÅçìéäÉë=ÇçÉë=åçí=ëÉÉã=íç=~êáëÉ=Ñêçã=~=é~êíáÅìä~ê=Ñçêã=
çÑ= íÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ä~Äçê= Äìí= Ñêçã= ä~Åâ= çÑ= ãìíì~ä= ëìééçêíK= qÜáë= áë= áå= äáåÉ= ïáíÜ= çíÜÉê=
êÉëÉ~êÅÜ= çå= íÜÉ= áãéçêí~åÅÉ= çÑ= é~êíåÉê= ëìééçêí= EpìÅÜÉí= ~åÇ= _~êäáåÖI= NVUSX= _ìêäÉóI=
NVVRX= má¥~= ~åÇ= _ÉåÖíëçåI= NVVPX= j~ííÜÉïëI= `çåÖÉê= ~åÇ= táÅâê~ã~I= NVVSFI= ~åÇ= áí=
íÜêçïë= ~= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí= äáÖÜí= çå= íÜÉ= Çóå~ãáÅë= ~åÇ= ëçÅá~ä= ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åÅÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ=
ä~Äçê=áå=íÜÉ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇK==
=
bñ~ãáåáåÖ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ= áåîÉëíãÉåíë= ~åÇ= éçêí~ÄäÉ= áåîÉëíãÉåíë= áå= íÜÉ=
ë~ãÉ= ãçÇÉä= Ü~ë= ÅçåíêáÄìíÉÇ= íç= çìê= ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ= çÑ= ïÜ~í= áë= Ü~ééÉåáåÖ= áå= íÜÉ=
ÅçãéäÉñ= ÅçåíÉñí= çÑ= íÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= ÄÉíïÉÉå= é~êíåÉêëK= tÉ= ïÉêÉ= ~ÄäÉ= íç=
í~âÉ= ~= ÑêÉëÜ= äççâ= ~í= íÜÉ= ãÉÅÜ~åáëã= ÄÉÜáåÇ= íÜÉ= Åçåíáåì~íáçå= çÑ= ïçãÉå= ÇçáåÖ=
ëìÄëí~åíá~ääó= ãçêÉ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= í~ëâë= íÜ~å= ãÉåK= qÜÉ= éêçÅÉëë= çÑ= áåÇáîáÇì~äáò~íáçå=
ëÉÉãë=íç=ÄÉ=ëíêçåÖäó=~ÑÑÉÅíÉÇ=Äó=íÜÉ=Åìãìä~íáîÉ=êÉëìäíë=çÑ=ëã~ää=ÇÉÅáëáçåëK=
TM=
=
=
`Ü~éíÉê=Q=
=
bèì~äáíó=áå=íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâW==
~=êÉJÉî~äì~íáçå=çÑ=Éñéä~å~íáçåë=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
^Äëíê~Åí=
qÜáë= ÅÜ~éíÉê= ÑçÅìëÉë= çå= ~= åçí= ëç= ÑêÉèìÉåí= éÜÉåçãÉåçåW= íÜÉ= Éèì~ä= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ=
ÄÉíïÉÉå= ïçãÉå= ~åÇ= ãÉåK= _ó= ÅçãÄáåáåÖ= ãçêÉ= ëéÉÅáÑáÅ= Éñéä~å~íáçåë= Ñçê= íÜÉ= ÖÉåÇÉêÉÇ=
Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=åÉï=áåëáÖÜí=áë=Ö~áåÉÇ=áå=ïÜ~í=ÅçåíêáÄìíÉë=áåíç=~å=Éèì~ä=ÇáîáëáçåK=qÜÉëÉ=
Éñéä~å~íáçåë= ~êÉ= í~ëâJëéÉÅáÑáÅ= åçêãëI= ÇçáåÖ= ÖÉåÇÉêI= ëçÅá~ä= ê~íáçå~äáíóI= äÉ~êåáåÖJÑêçãJ
ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉI=~åÇ=~ìíçåçãó=çêáÉåí~íáçåK=q~ëâJëéÉÅáÑáÅ=åçêãë=EáåëíÉ~Ç=çÑ=~Äëíê~Åí=ëçÅá~ä=åçêãëF=
áå=ÅçãÄáå~íáçå=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=Åìäíìê~ä=ãÉ~åáåÖ=çÑ=~ÅíáîáíáÉë=ãáÖÜí=äÉ~Ç=íç=ÉñéÉÅí~íáçåë=~Äçìí=ïÜáÅÜ=
é~êíåÉê= Å~å= Çç= ëéÉÅáÑáÅ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= í~ëâë= ÄÉííÉê= ~åÇ= íç= Åìãìä~íáîÉ= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë= áå= í~ëâ=
~ëëáÖåãÉåí= íÜ~í= ãçêÉ= çê= äÉëë= ëáãéäó= Ü~ééÉåK= jçêÉ= ÇÉäáÄÉê~íÉåÉëë= êÉÖ~êÇáåÖ= íÜáë= ÖÉåÇÉêJ
êÉéêçÇìÅíáîÉ= éêçÅÉëë= êÉëìäíë= áå= ~= ãçêÉ= Éèì~ä= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= í~ëâëK= qÜÉó= ~êÉ= ãçêÉ=
~ìíçåçãóJçêáÉåíÉÇ=~åÇ=Ü~îÉ=äÉ~êåÉÇJÑêçãJÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉK==
=
`Ü~éíÉê=Q=
=
=
=
bèì~äáíó=áå=íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâW=~=êÉJÉî~äì~íáçå=çÑ=
NM
Éñéä~å~íáçåë =
=
=
QKN=fåíêçÇìÅíáçå=
=
pç=Ñ~ê=ëÅÜçä~êë=Ü~îÉ=ÅçåÅÉåíê~íÉÇ=çå=áåÉèì~äáíó=áå=íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâK=få=íÜáë=
ÅÜ~éíÉê=ïÉ=ÅçåÅÉåíê~íÉ=çå=íÜÉ=êÉîÉêëÉ=èìÉëíáçåW= tÜ~í=Éñéä~áåë=~å=Éèì~ä=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=
ÜçìëÉïçêâ\=bîÉå=íÜçìÖÜ=Éèì~äáíó=áå=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=áë=åçí=~=ÑêÉèìÉåí=éÜÉåçãÉåçåI=áí=áë=
áãéçêí~åí=íç=~ëâ=ïÜÉå=áí=çÅÅìêë=~åÇ=ïÜ~í=Ñ~Åíçêë=~êÉ=é~êíáÅìä~êäó=êÉëéçåëáÄäÉ=Ñçê=áíë=
çÅÅìêêÉåÅÉK= qÜáë= ~ééêç~ÅÜ= ã~ó= ÖáîÉ= ìë= ~= ÑêÉëÜ= äççâ= ~í= íÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ïçêâ= áå= íÜÉ=
ÜçìëÉÜçäÇK==
qÜÉ=ìåÉèì~ä=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=Å~êÉ=~åÇ=ÜçìëÉâÉÉéáåÖ=Ü~ë=Ñ~ëÅáå~íÉÇ=ã~åó=ëÅÜçä~êë=
ëáåÅÉ=íÜÉ=NVSMëK=få=íÜÉáê=êÉîáÉï=çå=íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=ïçêâI=pÜÉäíçå=~åÇ=gçÜå=
ENVVSF= ëí~íÉ= íÜ~í=íÜÉ= ÉãéáêáÅ~ä= êÉëÉ~êÅÜ= çå= íÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= áë= Ççãáå~íÉÇ=
Äó=ëíìÇáÉë=íÜ~í=ìëÉ=çåÉ=çê=ãçêÉ=çÑ=íÜêÉÉ=Éñéä~å~íáçåë=Åçããçåäó=êÉÑÉêêÉÇ=íç=~ë=íÜÉ=
êÉä~íáîÉ= êÉëçìêÅÉëI= ÖÉåÇÉê= áÇÉçäçÖó= ~åÇ= íáãÉ= Åçåëíê~áåíë= Éñéä~å~íáçåëK= qÜÉ= äÉ~ÇáåÖ=
ÜóéçíÜÉëÉë=êÉä~íÉÇ=íç=íÜÉëÉ=Éñéä~å~íáçåë=~êÉW=ENF=íÜÉ=ãçêÉ=êÉëçìêÅÉë=EáKÉK=ÉÇìÅ~íáçåI=
É~êåáåÖëI= ~åÇ= çÅÅìé~íáçå~ä= ëí~íìëF= ~= é~êíåÉê= Ü~ëI= ÄçíÜ= áå= ~ÄëçäìíÉ= íÉêãë= ~åÇ= áå=
Åçãé~êáëçå= íç= íÜÉ= çíÜÉê= é~êíåÉêI= íÜÉ= äÉëë= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= ÜÉLëÜÉ= ÇçÉëI= EOF= íÜÉ= ãçêÉ=
íê~Çáíáçå~ä= íÜÉ= ã~åÛë= ÖÉåÇÉê= áÇÉçäçÖóI= íÜÉ= äÉëë= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= ÜÉ= ÇçÉë= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= ãçêÉ=
íê~Çáíáçå~ä= íÜÉ= ïçã~åÛë= ÖÉåÇÉê= áÇÉçäçÖóI= íÜÉ= ãçêÉ= ëÜÉ= ÇçÉëI= ~åÇ= EPF= íÜÉ= ãçêÉ=
ÇçãÉëíáÅ=í~ëâë=ÇÉã~åÇÉÇ=çÑ=~=é~êíåÉê=~åÇ=íÜÉ=ÖêÉ~íÉê=ÜáëLÜÉê=Å~é~Åáíó=íç=êÉëéçåÇ=íç=
íÜÉãI= ÉëéÉÅá~ääó= áå= íÉêãë= çÑ= ~î~áä~ÄäÉ= íáãÉI= íÜÉ= ÖêÉ~íÉê= ÜáëLÜÉê= é~êíáÅáé~íáçå= áå= áí=
EcÉêêÉÉI= NVVNX= `çîÉêã~åI= NVVRX= mêÉëëÉêI= NVVQX= pÜÉäíçå= ~åÇ= gçÜåI= NVVSX= _á~åÅÜáI=
jáäâáÉI= p~óÉêI= ~åÇ= oçÄáåëçåI= OMMMX= `çäíê~åÉI= OMMMFK= eçïÉîÉêI= åÉáíÜÉê= êÉä~íáîÉ=
êÉëçìêÅÉë= EëíêìÅíìê~ä= Éñéä~å~íáçåFI= åçê= ÖÉåÇÉê= áÇÉçäçÖó= EÅìäíìê~ä= Éñéä~å~íáçåFI= åçê=
íáãÉ= ~î~áä~Äáäáíó= EëíêìÅíìê~ä= Éñéä~å~íáçåF= çÑÑÉêë= ìåáîçÅ~ä= Éñéä~å~íáçåë= Ñçê= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáîÉ=
ëÜ~êÉ=çÑ=ãÉå=~åÇ=ïçãÉåÛë=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçå=íç=ÜçìëÉïçêâK==
^=êÉÅÉåí=ëíìÇó=çÑ=dìéí~=EOMMTF=Ñçê=áåëí~åÅÉ=ëÜçïë=íÜ~í=ïçãÉåÛë=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=
áë= ~ÑÑÉÅíÉÇ= çåäó= Äó= íÜÉáê= çïå= É~êåáåÖëI= åçí= Äó= íÜÉáê= ÜìëÄ~åÇëÛI= ~åÇ= åçí= Äó= íÜÉáê=
êÉä~íáîÉ= ëÜ~êÉ= çÑ= É~êåÉÇ= áåÅçãÉK= cìêíÜÉêãçêÉI= áå= Åçåíê~ëí= íç= ïÜ~í= íÜÉ= ÜóéçíÜÉëáë=
NM
= qÜáë= ÅÜ~éíÉê= áë= ÅçJ~ìíÜçêÉÇ= Äó= qêìÇáÉ= håáàå= ~åÇ= Ü~ë= ÄÉÉå= ëìÄãáííÉÇ= Ñçê= éìÄäáÅ~íáçå= áå= ~å=
áåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=àçìêå~äK=
TP=
~Äçìí=êÉëçìêÅÉë=ëìÖÖÉëíëI=íÜÉ=ÉÇìÅ~íáçå~ä=äÉîÉä=çÑ=ãÉå=áå=ã~åó=ëíìÇáÉë=áë=éçëáíáîÉäó=
~ëëçÅá~íÉÇ= ïáíÜ=íÜÉáê=é~êíáÅáé~íáçå=áå=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=Eh~ãçI=NVUUX=s~å=ÇÉê=iáééÉI=NVVPX=
_êáåÉëI= NVVPX= mêÉëëÉêI= NVVQX= pçìíÜ= ~åÇ= péáíòÉI= NVVQX= pÜÉäíçå= ~åÇ= gçÜåI= NVVSX=
`çäíê~åÉI= OMMMFK=qÜáë= áë=ëçãÉíáãÉë=áåíÉêéêÉíÉÇ= ~ë=áåÇáÅ~íáåÖ= ~=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= ÄÉíïÉÉå=
ÉÇìÅ~íáçå= ~åÇ= áÇÉçäçÖó= E`çîÉêã~åI= NVURI= mêÉëëÉêI= NVVQI= pÜÉäíçå= ~åÇ= gçÜåI= NVVSFK=
eçïÉîÉêI=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=ÄÉíïÉÉå=ÖÉåÇÉê=áÇÉçäçÖó=~åÇ=íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=áë=
ÑçìåÇ= íç= ÄÉ= ìëì~ääó= ïÉ~â= çê= åçí= ÑçìåÇ= ~í= ~ää= EhåáàåI= NVVQX= pÜÉäíçå= ~åÇ= gçÜåI= NVVSX=
s~å= tÉä= ~åÇ= håáàåI= OMMSFK= iÉëë= áåÅçåëáëíÉåÅó= áë= ÑçìåÇ= ïáíÜ= êÉÖ~êÇ= íç= íÜÉ= íáãÉ=
~î~áä~Äáäáíó= ÜóéçíÜÉëáëK= jÉå= ~åÇ= ïçãÉåÛë= íáãÉ= áå= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= áë= ëíêçåÖäó= êÉä~íÉÇ= íç=
íáãÉ= ëéÉåí= áå= ÉãéäçóãÉåí= E_á~åÅÜáI= Éí= ~äKI= OMMMFK= eçïÉîÉêI= ëíìÇáÉë= çÑ= íÜÉ=
~ëëçÅá~íáçå=ÄÉíïÉÉå=ïçãÉåÛë=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=~åÇ=íÜÉáê=ÜìëÄ~åÇÛë=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=íáãÉ=~êÉ=
åçí=ÅçåëáëíÉåí=ÉáíÜÉêK=qÜìë=ëíêìÅíìê~ä=~åÇ=Åìäíìê~ä=Éñéä~å~íáçåë=çåäó=ÅçåíêáÄìíÉ=íç=çìê=
ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=ëçãÉ=î~êáÉíó=áå=íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=Å~êÉ=~åÇ=ÜçìëÉâÉÉéáåÖI=Äìí=ÖáîÉ=åç=
Éñéä~å~íáçå= Ñçê= íÜÉ= èìÉëíáçå= ïÜó= ëçãÉ= ãÉå= ~åÇ= ïçãÉå= ëÜ~êÉ= ÇçãÉëíáÅ= í~ëâë=
Éèì~ääóK= mêÉëëÉê= ENVVQF= ëí~íÉë= íÜ~í= íÜÉ= ãáñÉÇ= ÑáåÇáåÖë= êÉèìáêÉ= ~= ãçêÉ= ÇÉí~áäÉÇ=
~å~äóëáë= çÑ= íÜÉ= ÇÉíÉêãáå~åíë= çÑ= íÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= Äó= ÖÉåÇÉêI= ìëáåÖ=
ãìäíáî~êá~íÉ=ãçÇÉäë=íÜ~í=íÉëí=íÜÉ=ÜóéçíÜÉëÉë=ëáãìäí~åÉçìëäóI=~åÇ=ìëáåÖ=ÅçìéäÉ=Ç~í~K=
eçïÉîÉêI= ëíìÇáÉë= íÜ~í= ìëÉ= ÅçìéäÉ= Ç~í~= ~êÉ= EëíáääF= ê~êÉK= bñÅÉéíáçåë= ~êÉ= Ñçê= áåëí~åÅÉ=
h~ãç=ENVUUFI=mêÉëëÉê=ENVVQFI=_êáåÉë=ENVVPLNVVQFI=bîÉêíëëçå=~åÇ=kÉêãç=EOMMQFI=~åÇ=
dìéí~= EOMMTFK= få= ~ÇÇáíáçå= íç= mêÉëëÉêÛë= éäÉ~= Ñçê= ~= ãçêÉ= ÅçãéäÉñ= ãÉíÜçÇçäçÖáÅ~ä=
~å~äóëáëI= `çäíê~åÉ= EOMMMF= ëíêÉëëÉë= íÜÉ= áãéçêí~åÅÉ= çÑ= ~= ãçêÉ= ÅçãéäÉñ= íÜÉçêÉíáÅ~ä=
ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ= çÑ= íÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= ä~Äçê= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= ÖÉåÇÉê= êÉéêçÇìÅíáîÉ=
éêçÅÉëëÉë=áåîçäîÉÇK==
^=ãçêÉ=ÇÉí~áäÉÇ=~å~äóëáë=EãÉíÜçÇçäçÖáÅ~ääó=~åÇ=íÜÉçêÉíáÅ~ääóF=çÑ=íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=
ÜçìëÉïçêâ= íÜÉêÉÑçêÉ= Ü~ë= íç= êÉíÜáåâ= íÜÉ= ~éé~êÉåíäó= íçç= ÖÉåÉê~ääó= Ñçêãìä~íÉÇ=
Éñéä~å~íáçåë= çÑ= êÉä~íáîÉ= êÉëçìêÅÉëI= ÖÉåÇÉê= áÇÉçäçÖóI= ~åÇ= íáãÉ= ~î~áä~ÄáäáíóK= aç= íÜÉëÉ=
Éñéä~å~íáçåë=åÉÉÇ=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçå=~åÇ=ìåÇÉê=ïÜ~í=ÅçåÇáíáçåë=~åÇ=áå=ïÜ~í=ëáíì~íáçåë=Çç=
íÜÉó= Éñéä~áå= íÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ\= cìêíÜÉêãçêÉ= ïÉ= ÑçÅìë= çå= î~êáÉíáÉë= áå= íÜÉ=
Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= Äó= ÅçåÅÉåíê~íáåÖ= çå= ïÜ~í= ÇÉíÉêãáåÉë= ~å= Éèì~ä= ÇáîáëáçåK= qÜÉ=
ãçêÉ=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=Éñéä~å~íáçåë=ÑçìåÇ=áå=íÜÉ=äáíÉê~íìêÉ=Å~å=ÄÉ=áÇÉåíáÑáÉÇ=~ë=NF=í~ëâJëéÉÅáÑáÅ=
åçêãë= EhåáàåI= NVVQX= s~å= tÉä= ~åÇ= håáàåI= OMMSFI= OF= ÇçáåÖ= ÖÉåÇÉê= EtÉëí= ~åÇ=
wáããÉêã~åI= NVUTX= eçÅÜëÅÜáäÇI= NVUVFI= PF= ëçÅá~ä= ê~íáçå~äáíó= ~ééêç~ÅÜ= EiáåÇÉåÄÉêÖI=
OMMTFI=~åÇ=QF=äÉ~êåáåÖJÑêçãJÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉ=~åÇ=~ìíçåçãó=çêáÉåí~íáçå=EpçìíÜ=~åÇ=péáíòÉI=
NVVQX=_êáåÉë=~åÇ=gçóåÉêI=NVVVFK=
=
=
TQ=
QKO=eóéçíÜÉëÉë=
=
QKOKN=q~ëâJëéÉÅáÑáÅ=åçêãëI=ÇçáåÖ=ÖÉåÇÉêI=~åÇ=ëçÅá~ä=ê~íáçå~äáíó=
qÜÉ=Ñáêëí= ~ëëìãéíáçå= ïÉ= ïáää= ~å~äóòÉ= áë= áÑ= áåÇÉÉÇ= ÖÉåÇÉê= áÇÉçäçÖó= Eçê=~åíáJíê~Çáíáçå~ä=
åçêãë=~Äçìí=íÜÉ=ïçã~åÛë=êçäÉ=áå=íÜÉ=Ñ~ãáäóF=áë=íçç=~Äëíê~Åí=~=ëÉí=çÑ=áÇÉ~ë=íç=Éñéä~áå=
~å= Éèì~ä= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâK= ^= Ñáêëí= ~êÖìãÉåí= áë= íÜ~í= ãÉå= E~åÇ= éêçÄ~Ääó= ~äëç=
ïçãÉåF= ÅçåëíêìÅí= ~= ÜáÉê~êÅÜó= áå= ÜçìëÉïçêâX= ëçãÉ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= í~ëâë= ~êÉ= ãçêÉ=
ÖÉåÇÉêJåÉìíê~ä= íÜ~å= çíÜÉê= çåÉëX= ÅÜáäÇ= Å~êÉ= Ñçê= áåëí~åÅÉ= áë= äÉëë= Åçåíê~ÇáÅíáåÖ= íç= íÜÉ=
ã~äÉ= áÇÉåíáíóI= Äìí= ÅäÉ~åáåÖ= íÜÉ= ÜçìëÉ= çê= ÇçáåÖ= íÜÉ= ä~ìåÇêó= ~êÉ= ÜáÖÜäó= Åçåíê~ÇáÅíáåÖ=
EhåáàåI= NVVQX= håáàåI= s~å=kìåÉå= ~åÇ= s~å=ÇÉê= ^îçêíI= NVVQX= s~å=tÉä= ~åÇ= håáàåI= OMMSFK=
^äëç= ëìêîÉó= èìÉëíáçåë= íÜ~í= êÉÑÉê= íç= ãçêÉ= ÖÉåÉê~ä= ~ëéÉÅíë= çÑ= ÖÉåÇÉê= Éèì~äáíó= ëÜçï=
ãìÅÜ= ãçêÉ= éêÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë= Ñçê= Éèì~äáíó= íÜ~å= í~ëâJëéÉÅáÑáÅ= èìÉëíáçåëK= lå= èìÉëíáçåë=
~Äçìí= Å~êÉ= ïçêâ= ~åÇ= ÜçìëÉâÉÉéáåÖ= í~ëâë= êÉëéÉÅíáîÉäó= êÉëéçåÇÉåíë= EïçãÉå= áå=
é~êíáÅìä~êF=~ééÉ~ê=åçí=íç=~ééäó=ëí~åÇ~êÇë=çÑ=ÖÉåÇÉê=Éèì~äáíóK=qÜÉëÉ=ÑáåÇáåÖë=ÅçåÑáêã=~=
Åçããçå=~ëëìãéíáçå=áå=ëçÅáçäçÖó=EaìêâÜÉáãI=NVSQxNUVPzX=wáàÇÉêîÉäÇI=NVUPX=håáàå=~åÇ=
sÉêÜÉáàÉåI=NVUUX=iáåÇÉåÄÉêÖI=OMMTFX=áå=ãçÇÉêå=ëçÅáÉíáÉë=ëçÅá~ä=åçêãë=Ü~îÉ=ÄÉÅçãÉ=
ãçêÉ=~Äëíê~Åí= ~åÇ= ~êÉ= äÉëë=êÉä~íÉÇ= íç= íÜÉáê= áåëíáíìíáçå~ä= ÅçåíÉñíëK= eÉåÅÉ=áåÇáîáÇì~äëÛ=
ÖÉåÇÉê=áÇÉçäçÖó=ãáÖÜí=ÅçåÅÉêå=~ää=âáåÇë=çÑ=ëçÅá~ä=éê~ÅíáÅÉë=Äìí=áë=åçí=ëíêáÅíäó=êÉä~íÉÇ=
íç= ~ää= íÜÉëÉ= éê~ÅíáÅÉë= áå= íÜÉ= ë~ãÉ= ï~ó= çê= íÜÉ= ë~ãÉ= ÇÉÖêÉÉK= qÜÉêÉÑçêÉ= íÜÉó= ~ääçï=
ÑÉïÉê=éêÉÇáÅíáçåë=Ñçê=~ää=âáåÇë=çÑ=ëçÅá~ä=ÄÉÜ~îáçêK=
pÉÅçåÇäóI= íÜÉ= ÇçáåÖ= ÖÉåÇÉê= ~ééêç~ÅÜ= áÇÉåíáÑáÉë= ÖÉåÇÉê= ~ë= ëçãÉíÜáåÖ= íÜ~í= áë=
ÅêÉ~íÉÇ=~åÇ=êÉÅêÉ~íÉÇ=áå=áåíÉê~Åíáçå=ïáíÜ=çíÜÉêë=EpÜÉäíçå=~åÇ=gçÜåI=NVVSI=tÉëí=~åÇ=
wáããÉêã~åI= NVUTFK= qÜáë= Éñéä~å~íáçå= êÉÑÉêë= íç= ~= ëóãÄçäáÅJáåíÉê~Åíáçåáëí= éÉêëéÉÅíáîÉ=
ëí~íáåÖ= íÜ~í= áåÇáîáÇì~äë= ~íí~ÅÜ= ãÉ~åáåÖë= íç= íÜÉáê= çïå= ~åÇ= É~ÅÜ= çíÜÉêÛë= ÄÉÜ~îáçêK=
pí~êíáåÖ= Ñêçã= íÜáë= ~ééêç~ÅÜ= eçÅÜëÅÜáäÇ= ENVUVF= ÑçìåÇ= íÜ~í= ïçãÉå= ~åÇ= ãÉå= Ü~îáåÖ=
ê~íÜÉê= ÜáÖÜ= ëí~åÇ~êÇë= çÑ= ÖÉåÇÉê= Éèì~äáíó= åÉîÉêíÜÉäÉëë= ÅçéÉ= ïÉää= ïáíÜ= ìåÉèì~ä=
Çáîáëáçåë= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= ~åÇ= îáÅÉ= îÉêë~K= qÜÉó= ÉáíÜÉê= êÉJáåíÉêéêÉí= É~ÅÜ= çíÜÉêÛë= í~ëâë=
äç~Çë= çê= ÖáîÉ= ÖêÉ~íÉê= ïÉáÖÜí= íç= çíÜÉê= ~ëéÉÅíë= çÑ= íÜÉáê= ÖÉåÇÉê= áÇÉåíáíó= Eïçêâ= ëí~íìëI=
áåÅçãÉ=äÉîÉä=çê=ëÉäÑJêÉëéÉÅíF=íÜ~å=íç=íÜÉ=ëíêáÅí=ãÉ~ëìêáåÖ=çÑ=ÜçìëÉâÉÉéáåÖK=aÉs~ìäí=
ENVVNF=~äëç=ëÜçïë=íÜ~í=ïçãÉå=ëÉäÇçã=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉ=éêÉé~êáåÖ=ÑççÇ=~ë=Úàìëí=ïçêâÛX=íÜáë=
ÜçìëÉâÉÉéáåÖ= ïçêâ= áë= ~äëç= ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉÇ= ~ë= ~= ëçìêÅÉ= çÑ= éçïÉêI= ~= ë~íáëÑóáåÖ= ~Åíáîáíó=
~åÇ=~å=ÉñéêÉëëáçå=çÑ=åìêíìêÉ=~åÇ=äçîÉ=çÑÑÉêÉÇ=íç=ãÉãÄÉêë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=~ë=ïÉää=
~ë=íç=êÉä~íáîÉë=~åÇ=ÑêáÉåÇëK==
få= Üáë= ëçÅá~ä= ê~íáçå~äáíó= ~ééêç~ÅÜ= iáåÇÉåÄÉêÖ= EOMMTF= ã~âÉë= ~= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉ=
ÄÉíïÉÉå=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=äçÖáÅë=ÄÉáåÖ=~ééäáÉÇ=áå=Iä~êÖÉÒ=~åÇ=Iëã~ääÒ=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=áå=íÜÉ=ÅçìéäÉ=
êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= ïÜáÅÜ= áå= ÉÑÑÉÅí= ÅçãÄáåÉ= íÜÉ= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉ= ÄÉíïÉÉå= ~Äëíê~Åí= åçêãë= ~åÇ=
í~ëâJëéÉÅáÑáÅ=åçêãë=~åÇ=ÇçáåÖ=ÖÉåÇÉêK=i~êÖÉ=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=êÉÑÉê=íç=áåÑêÉèìÉåí=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=
ïáíÜ=ÅçåëáÇÉê~ÄäÉ=êÉëçìêÅÉ=ÅçåëÉèìÉåÅÉë=ëìÅÜ=~ë=ïÜÉêÉ=íç=äáîÉI=ïÜÉíÜÉê=~åÇ=Üçï=
TR=
ãìÅÜ=~= é~êíåÉê= ïçêâëI=~åÇ= ÄáÖ= ÉñéÉåëÉë=ëìÅÜ=~ë= ÄìóáåÖ= ~= ÜçìëÉ= ÉíÅK= bèì~ä= ë~ó=áå=
íÜÉëÉ=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=ïçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~=ÇáêÉÅí=~ééäáÅ~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=E~Äëíê~ÅíF=Éèì~äáíó=åçêã=~åÇ=íÜìë=
áåîçäîÉ= åÉÖçíá~íáçåK= Ipã~ääÒ= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= çÑ= ÉîÉêóÇ~ó= äáÑÉ= EïáíÜ= åÉîÉêíÜÉäÉëë= ÜìÖÉ=
áãéäáÅ~íáçåëFI=ëìÅÜ=~ë=ïÜç=ëÜçìäÇ=ÅççâI=~åÇ=ïÜç=ëÜçìäÇ=Çç=íÜÉ=ÇáëÜÉë=~åÇ=ÅäÉ~åáåÖ=
ÉíÅKI=~êÉ=äÉëë=ÖçîÉêåÉÇ=Äó=íÜÉ=~Äëíê~Åí=Éèì~äáíó=åçêã=Äìí=ê~íÜÉê=Äó=~=ÅçãÄáå~íáçå=çÑ=
í~ëâJëéÉÅáÑáÅ= åçêãë= ~åÇ= ~= ãÉÅÜ~åáëã= íÜ~í= áë= Å~ääÉÇ= ÉñéÉÅí~íáçå= ëí~íÉë= E_ÉêÖÉêI=
NVTQFW=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉI=ÖÉåÇÉêÉÇ=ëçÅá~äáò~íáçå=~åÇ=íÜÉ=Åìäíìê~ä=ãÉ~åáåÖ=çÑ=~ÅíáîáíáÉë=äÉ~Ç=
íç= ÉñéÉÅí~íáçåë= ~Äçìí= ïÜç= Å~å= ÑìäÑáää= íÜÉëÉ= í~ëâë= ÄÉííÉêK= qÜÉ= Åìãìä~íáîÉ= ÉÑÑÉÅíë= çÑ=
ëìÅÜ= ëã~ää= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= ïáää= ÄÉ= ~= ëí~íìë= ëíêìÅíìêÉ= ~äçåÖ= íÜÉ= äáåÉë= çÑ= éêÉëìãÉÇ=
ÅçãéÉíÉåÅÉ= E_ÉêÖÉê= ~åÇ= `çååçêI= NVTQX= oáÇÖÉï~ó= ~åÇ= t~äâÉêI= NVVRF= ïÜáÅÜ= áíëÉäÑ=
êÉáåÑçêÅÉë= íÜÉ= ÉñéÉÅí~íáçåë= çÑ= ÅçãéÉíÉåÅÉ= áå= ~ää= ëã~ää= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= íç= ÅçãÉK= _çíÜ=
é~êíåÉêë= çÑíÉå= ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉ= íÜÉ= ïçã~å= íç= ÄÉ= ~åÇ= ëíÉêÉçíóéáÅ~ääó= ÉñéÉÅí= ÜÉê= íç= ÄÉ=
ÄÉííÉê=áå=ã~åó=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=í~ëâë=íÜ~å=íÜÉ=ã~åK=sá~=íÜÉ=ãÉÅÜ~åáëã=çÑ=ëã~ää=ÇÉÅáëáçåëI=
íÜáë=ÚÇçáåÖ=ÖÉåÇÉêÛ=EtÉëí=~åÇ=wáããÉêã~åI=NVUTF=ÅêÉ~íÉë=~=êÉáåÑçêÅáåÖ=éêçÅÉëë=íÜ~í=
äÉ~Çë= íç= Åìãìä~íáîÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë=áå=í~ëâ= ~ëëáÖåãÉåí= íÜ~í= Ü~Ç= åÉîÉê= ÄÉÉå=åÉÖçíá~íÉÇ=
çê= ~ÖêÉÉÇ= çå= ~ë= ~= é~Åâ~ÖÉ= ~åÇ= íÜ~í= ãçêÉ= çê= äÉëë= ëáãéäó= Ü~ééÉåÉÇ= EhçãíÉêI= NVURX=
s~å=ÇÉê=sáååÉI=NVVUFK=qÜáë=áë=áå=äáåÉ=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=åçíáçå=çÑ=eçÅÜëÅÜáäÇ=ENVUVF=íÜ~í=ÖÉåÇÉê=
áÇÉçäçÖáÉë= ã~ó= ~Åí= áå= ~= Åçåíê~ÇáÅíçêó= ã~ååÉê= ~í= ÅçåëÅáçìë= ~åÇ= ìåÅçåëÅáçìë= äÉîÉäëK=
lå= íÜÉ= Ä~ëáë= çÑ= íÜÉëÉ= áåëáÖÜíë= ïÉ= ÉñéÉÅí= íÜ~í= íÜÉ= Éèì~äáíó= åçêã= EÖÉåÇÉê= áÇÉçäçÖóF=
ÇçÉë=åçí=ÅçåíêáÄìíÉ=íç=íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=Eevmlqebpfp=NFK=
=
QKOKO=^ìíçåçãó=çêáÉåí~íáçåI=äÉ~êåáåÖJÑêçãJÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉI=~åÇ=çìíëçìêÅáåÖ=
fÑ= ÖÉåÇÉê= áÇÉçäçÖó= ÇçÉë= åçí= Éñéä~áå= íÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâI= ïÜ~í= ~äíÉêå~íáîÉ=
ÜóéçíÜÉëÉë= ëÜçìäÇ= ÄÉ= ÅçåëáÇÉêÉÇ= íÜÉå\= cáêëíI= ïÉ= ÉñéÉÅí= íÜ~í= ãçêÉ= ÇÉäáÄÉê~íÉåÉëë=
êÉÖ~êÇáåÖ= íÜÉ= ÖÉåÇÉêJêÉéêçÇìÅíáîÉ= éêçÅÉëë= ãÉåíáçåÉÇ= ~ÄçîÉ= ÅçåíêáÄìíÉë= íç= ~= ãçêÉ=
Éèì~ä= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÇçãÉëíáÅ= í~ëâëK= jçêÉ= ÇÉäáÄÉê~íÉåÉëë= áë= çÄí~áåÉÇ= Äó= ~= ëíêçåÖ=
~ìíçåçãó=çêáÉåí~íáçå=çê=äÉ~êåáåÖJÑêçãJÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉK=
qÜÉ= ~ëëìãéíáçå= íÜ~í= ~ìíçåçãó= çêáÉåí~íáçå= áåÑäìÉåÅÉë= íÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ=
ÜçìëÉïçêâ=áë=áåëéáêÉÇ=Äó=ëíìÇáÉë=êÉÖ~êÇáåÖ=ã~êáí~ä=ëí~íìëK=pÜÉäíçå=~åÇ=gçÜåI=ENVVPF=
~åÇ= pçìíÜ= ~åÇ= péáíòÉ= ENVVQF= êÉéçêí= íÜ~í= ÅçÜ~ÄáíáåÖ= ïçãÉå= ëéÉåÇ= ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åíäó= äÉëë=
íáãÉ=çå=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=íÜ~å=Çç=ã~êêáÉÇ=ïçãÉå=~åÇ=íÜ~í=íÜÉêÉ=áë=åç=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉ=áå=ãÉåÛë=
íáãÉ=ëéÉåÇ=çå=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=Äó=ã~êáí~ä=ëí~íìëK=_êáåÉë=~åÇ=gçóåÉê=ENVVVF=~ëëìãÉ=íÜ~í=áÑ=
é~êíåÉêë=ÅÜççëÉ=íç=ÅçÜ~Äáí=íÜÉó=~êÉ=äÉëë=ëÉÅìêÉ=~Äçìí=íÜÉ=ÑìíìêÉ=çÑ=íÜÉáê=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéK=
páåÅÉ= íÜÉ= éÉêÅÉáîÉÇ= êáëâ= çÑ= ÄêÉ~âáåÖ= ìé= áë= ÜáÖÜÉê= EÄìí= ïáíÜ= ÑÉïÉê= ~êê~åÖÉãÉåíë= çÑ=
~äáãçåóFI=ÅçÜ~ÄáíáåÖ=ÅçìéäÉë=ãáÖÜí=ëíêáîÉ=Ñçê=~=ãçêÉ=Éèì~ä=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=é~áÇ=~åÇ=ìåé~áÇ=
ïçêâ= ~åÇ= äÉëë= Ñçê= ëéÉÅá~äáòáåÖK= _Éêå~ëÅç= ~åÇ= dáÉëÉå= ENVVVF= áåÇÉÉÇ= ÑçìåÇ= ~= ëáãáä~ê=
ÉÑÑÉÅí= çÑ= ÅçÜ~Äáí~íáçå= çå= ïçãÉåÛë= ÉãéäçóãÉåíK= tÉ= Å~å= ~ëëìãÉ= íÜ~í= ÅçÜ~ÄáíáåÖ=
ïçãÉå= éêçíÉÅí= íÜÉãëÉäîÉë= ~Ö~áåëí= íÜÉ= êáëâë= çÑ= ëéÉÅá~äáò~íáçå= áå= íÜÉ= Å~ëÉ= çÑ= ~=
TS=
ëÉé~ê~íáçåW=íÜÉó=åçí=çåäó=ëíêáîÉ=Ñçê=ãçêÉ=~ìíçåçãó=áå=íÜÉáê=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=Äìí=~äëç=ïáíÜ=
êÉÖ~êÇ= íç= íÜÉ= íáãÉ= íÜÉó=ëéÉåÇ= çå= íÜÉ= ëÜ~êÉÇ= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇK= tÉ=íÜìë=ÜóéçíÜÉëáòÉ= íÜ~í=
íÜÉ= äáâÉäáÜççÇ= çÑ= Ü~îáåÖ= ~å= Éèì~ä= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= áë= ÖêÉ~íÉê= Ñçê= ÅçÜ~ÄáíáåÖ=
ÅçìéäÉë=íÜ~å=Ñçê=ã~êêáÉÇ=ÅçìéäÉë=Eevmlqebpfp=OFK=
^å= ~ìíçåçãó= çêáÉåí~íáçå= ã~ó= ~äëç= ÄÉ= êÉä~íÉÇ= íç= íÜÉ= ïçêâ= çêáÉåí~íáçå= çÑ=
ïçãÉåK= tçãÉå= ïáíÜ= ~= ëíêçåÖ= ~ìíçåçãó= çêáÉåí~íáçå= ã~ó= ï~åí= íç= ÄÉ= Ñáå~åÅá~ääó=
áåÇÉéÉåÇÉåí= çÑ= íÜÉáê= é~êíåÉêë= ~åÇ= ~êÉ= íÜÉêÉÑçêÉ= ãçêÉ= ïçêâJÅÉåíÉêÉÇK= e~âáã= EOMMNF=
ëìÖÖÉëíë=íÜ~í=ïçãÉå=~êÉ=ÜÉíÉêçÖÉåÉçìë=áå=íÜÉáê=ïçêâJäáÑÉëíóäÉ=éêÉÑÉêÉåÅÉëX=íÜÉó=~êÉ=
ÉáíÜÉê= ÜçãÉJÅÉåíÉêÉÇI= ~Ç~éíáîÉ= çê= ïçêâJÅÉåíÉêÉÇK= qÜÉ= ÜçãÉJÅÉåíÉêÉÇ= ïçãÉå=
ÅçåëáÇÉê= íÜÉáê= Ñ~ãáäó= äáÑÉ= ~åÇ= ÅÜáäÇêÉå= íÜÉ= ã~áå= éêáçêáíáÉë= íÜêçìÖÜçìí= äáÑÉ= ~åÇ= íÜÉó=
éêÉÑÉê= åçí= íç= ïçêâK= qÜÉ= Öêçìé= çÑ= ~Ç~éíáîÉ= ïçãÉå= áë= ãçëí= ÇáîÉêëÉ= ~åÇ= áåÅäìÇÉë=
ïçãÉå= ïÜç= ï~åí= íç= ÅçãÄáåÉ= ïçêâ= ~åÇ= Ñ~ãáäó= äáÑÉ= ~åÇ= ïçãÉå= ïáíÜ= ìåéä~ååÉÇ=
Å~êÉÉêëK=qÜÉëÉ=ïçãÉå=ï~åí=íç=ÄÉ=ÉãéäçóÉÇI=Äìí=~êÉ=åçí=íçí~ääó=ÅçããáííÉÇ=íç=íÜÉáê=
ïçêâ= Å~êÉÉêK= ^= ëã~ää= Öêçìé= çÑ= ïçãÉå= Eã~áåäó= ïçãÉå= ïáíÜçìí= ÅÜáäÇêÉåF= éêáçêáíáòÉ=
ÉãéäçóãÉåí= çê= Éèìáî~äÉåí= ~ÅíáîáíáÉë= áå= íÜÉ= éìÄäáÅ= ~êÉå~W= éçäáíáÅëI= ëéçêíI= ~êíI= ÉíÅK= ^=
ëíêçåÖ=ÑçÅìë=çÑ=ïçãÉå=çå=íÜÉáê=ïçêâ=Å~êÉÉê=áë=äáâÉäó=íç=äÉí=ÜÉê=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉ=íÜÉ=íáãÉ=
Åçåëíê~áåíë=ãçêÉ=ëÉîÉêÉäó=EáKÉK=íÜÉ=çééçêíìåáíó=Åçëíë=çÑ=ìåé~áÇ=ïçêâ=áå=Åçãé~êáëçå=íç=
é~áÇ= ïçêâ= áåÅêÉ~ëÉFI= íÜÉêÉÄó= áåÅêÉ~ëáåÖ= Éèì~äáíóK= få= äáåÉ= ïáíÜ= íÜáë= ~êÖìãÉåí= ïÉ=
ÉñéÉÅí=íÜ~í=~=ëíêçåÖ=ïçêâ=çêáÉåí~íáçå=çÑ=ïçãÉå=ÅçåíêáÄìíÉë=íç=~=ãçêÉ=Éèì~ä=Çáîáëáçå=
çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=Eevmlqebpfp=PFK=
iÉ~êåáåÖJÑêçãJÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉK= tÉ= ~äëç= ÉñéÉÅí= íÜ~í= éÉçéäÉ= Ü~îÉ= ãçêÉ=
ÇÉäáÄÉê~íÉåÉëë= ~Äçìí= íÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= áÑ= íÜÉó= äÉ~êåÉÇ= Ñêçã= ÑçêãÉê=
ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉëI= ëìÅÜ= ~ë= Ü~îáåÖ= Ü~Ç= ~= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= ÄÉÑçêÉ= íÜÉ= ÅìêêÉåí= çåÉK= lå= íÜÉ=
êÉä~íáçå=ÄÉíïÉÉå=êÉã~êêá~ÖÉ=~åÇ=íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ==ÜçìëÉïçêâ=íïç=ëíìÇáÉë=êÉëéÉÅíáîÉäó=
ÑçìåÇ=êÉã~êêáÉÇ=ãÉå=ëéÉåÇáåÖ=ãçêÉ=íáãÉ=çå=íÜÉëÉ=~ÅíáîáíáÉë=íÜ~å=ã~êêáÉÇ=ãÉå=~åÇ=
êÉã~êêáÉÇ= ïçãÉå= ëéÉåÇáåÖ= äÉëë= íáãÉ= çå= áí= íÜ~å= ã~êêáÉÇ= ïçãÉå= EfëÜááJhìåíò= ~åÇ=
`çäíê~åÉI=NVVOX=aÉãç=~åÇ=^ÅçÅâI=NVVPFK=^éé~êÉåíäó=ïçãÉå=~åÇ=ãÉå=Ü~îÉ= äÉ~êåÉÇ=
Ñêçã=íÜÉáê=éêÉîáçìëäó=ìåÉèì~ä=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=~åÇ=ã~âÉ=ÄÉííÉê=~ÖêÉÉãÉåíë=áÑ=
íÜÉó=ëí~êí=~=åÉï=ã~êêá~ÖÉK=^ÑíÉê=~=ëÉé~ê~íáçå=çê=ÇáîçêÅÉ=ÉëéÉÅá~ääó=ïçãÉå=ã~ó=ÑáåÇ=
íÜÉãëÉäîÉë=áå=~å=ÉÅçåçãáÅ~ääó=ìåÅçãÑçêí~ÄäÉ=éçëáíáçåK=cçê=áåëí~åÅÉI=~ÑíÉê=ÅçåíêçääáåÖ=
Ñçê=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=ëáòÉ=~åÇ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=ÅçãéçëáíáçåI=áå=íÜÉ=kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë=ÇáîçêÅÉÇ=ïçãÉå=
Ñ~ää= Ççïå= áå= áåÅçãÉ= PN=éÉêÅÉåíI= ïÜÉêÉ~ë= ãÉåÛë= ÉÅçåçãáÅ= éçëáíáçå= áãéêçîÉë= Q=
éÉêÅÉåí=Emççêíã~åI=OMMOFK=låÉ=Éñéä~å~íáçå=Ñçê=íÜáë=ÖÉåÇÉê=Ö~é=áë=íÜ~í=ïçãÉå=ÇìêáåÖ=
íÜÉáê=ã~êêá~ÖÉ=áåîÉëíÉÇ=äÉëë=áå=íÜÉáê=Üìã~å=Å~éáí~ä=Emççêíã~åI=OMMOFK=aáîçêÅÉÇ=ãÉå=
çå= íÜÉ= çíÜÉê= Ü~åÇ= ãáÖÜí= Ü~îÉ= íç= é~ó= ~äáãçåó= íç= íÜÉáê= ÉñJïáîÉë= ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ= çÑ= íÜÉáê=
ïáîÉëÛ=ÉÅçåçãáÅ=ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅóI=~åÇ=ãáÖÜí=ÄÉ=ÅçåÑêçåíÉÇ=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=Ñ~Åí=íÜ~í=ëÜÉ=ÇáÇåÛí=
áåîÉëí=ÉåçìÖÜ=áå=ÜÉê=Üìã~å=Å~éáí~ä=ÇìÉ=íç=ÄÉáåÖ=íçç=ãìÅÜ=ÅçåÅÉêåÉÇ=ïáíÜ=ÇçãÉëíáÅ=
ÅÜçêÉëK=tÉ=íÜÉêÉÑçêÉ=ÉñéÉÅí=ïçãÉå=~åÇ=ãÉå=ïÜç=äáîÉÇ=ïáíÜ=~=é~êíåÉê=ÄÉÑçêÉ=íÜÉáê=
TT=
ÅìêêÉåí=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=íç=ã~âÉ=ÄÉííÉê=~ÖêÉÉãÉåíë=áå=íÜÉ=åÉï=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=Eevmlqebpfp=
QFK=
=^= ï~ó= íç= ~îçáÇ= ëã~ää= ÇÉÅáëáçåëI= ÇçáåÖ= ÖÉåÇÉê= ~åÇ= í~ëâJëéÉÅáÑáÅ= åçêãë= áë= Äó=
çìíëçìêÅáåÖ= íÜÉ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= ~äíçÖÉíÜÉêK= eçÄëçå= ENVVMF= Äó= êÉÑÉêêáåÖ= íç= eáêëÅÜã~åÛë=
ENVTMF= íÜÉçêÉíáÅ~ä= Ñê~ãÉïçêâ= çÑ= Éñáí= ~åÇ= îçáÅÉ= áåîÉëíáÖ~íÉÇ= éçïÉê= êÉä~íáçåë= áå= íÜÉ=
Ñ~ãáäóK=pÜÉ=~êÖìÉë=íÜ~í=ÉÅçåçãáÅ= ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅó=çÑ=ã~êêáÉÇ= ïçãÉå=áå=íÜÉ=Ñ~ãáäó=áë=~=
ÅêìÅá~ä=äáåâ=áå=~=ÅÜ~áå=çÑ=éêçÅÉëëÉë=íÜ~í=éÉêéÉíì~íÉë=íÜÉ=ïÉ~â=Ä~êÖ~áåáåÖ=éçëáíáçå=çÑ=
ïçãÉå= áå= íÜÉ= ä~Äçê= ã~êâÉíK= eçïÉîÉêI= é~êíåÉêë= ïÜç= ÄçíÜ= ïçêâ= ~= ÅçåëáÇÉê~ÄäÉ=
~ãçìåí= çÑ= íáãÉ= É~ÅÜ= ïÉÉâ= E~åÇ= ~êÉ= íÜìë= éêçÄ~Ääó= äÉëë= ÇÉéÉåÇÉåí= çå= É~ÅÜ= çíÜÉêI=
Ü~îáåÖ=ãçêÉ=Éñáí=~åÇ=îçáÅÉ=éçëëáÄáäáíáÉëF=ãáÖÜí=ÅçåëáÇÉê=~åçíÜÉê=ÚÉñáíÛ=çéíáçåI=å~ãÉäó=
íç=çìíëçìêÅÉ=Å~êÉ=Ñçê=íÜÉ=ÅÜáäÇêÉå=~åÇ=ÜçìëÉâÉÉéáåÖK=qÜêçìÖÜ=íÜáë=çéíáçå=íÜÉó=~îçáÇ=
éçíÉåíá~ä= ÇáëÅìëëáçå= EîçáÅÉF= ~Äçìí= íÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâK= tÉ= íÜìë= ÜóéçíÜÉëáòÉ=
íÜ~í= é~êíåÉêë= ïÜç= çìíëçìêÅÉ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= Ü~îÉ= ~= ãçêÉ= Éèì~ä= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ=
Eevmlqebpfp=RFK=
q~ÄäÉ=QKN=ÖáîÉë=~å=çîÉêîáÉï=çÑ=íÜÉ=ãÉÅÜ~åáëãë=~åÇ=ÜóéçíÜÉëÉë=Ñçêãìä~íÉÇ=áå=
íÜáë= é~ê~Öê~éÜW= íÜÉ= ëéÉÅáÑáÉÇ= ÖÉåÇÉê= áÇÉçäçÖó= Eí~ëâJëéÉÅáÑáÅ= åçêãë= ~åÇ= ëã~ää=
ÇÉÅáëáçåëFI= íÜÉ= ãÉÅÜ~åáëãë= çÑ= ~ìíçåçãó= çêáÉåí~íáçåI= äÉ~êåáåÖJÑêçãJÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉI= ~åÇ=
çìíëçìêÅáåÖK=få=íÜÉ=åÉñí=é~ê~Öê~éÜë=ïÉ=ïáää=íÉëí=íÜÉëÉ=ÜóéçíÜÉëÉë=Ñçê=íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=
ÜçìëÉïçêâ=ïáíÜ=Ç~í~=çÑ=íÜÉ=kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë=háåëÜáé=m~åÉä=píìÇóK==
=
=
TU=
q~ÄäÉ=QKN==
pçìêÅÉë=çÑ=Éèì~äáíó=~åÇ=áåÉèì~äáíóI=áåÇáÅ~íçêëI=ãÉÅÜ~åáëãëI=~åÇ=ÜóéçíÜÉëÉë=
pçìêÅÉ=çÑ=EáåFÉèì~äáíó=
fåÇáÅ~íçê=
jÉÅÜ~åáëã=
eóéçíÜÉëáë=
=
NK pçÅá~ä=ê~íáçå~äáíó=~ééêç~ÅÜW=
ÅçãÄáåáåÖ=íÜÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉ=
ÄÉíïÉÉå=~Äëíê~Åí=~åÇ=í~ëâJ
ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=åçêãë=~åÇ=ÇçáåÖ=
ÖÉåÇÉê==
=
=
OK ^ìíçåçãó=çêáÉåí~íáçå=
=
=
dÉåÇÉê=áÇÉçäçÖó=
=
i~êÖÉ=~åÇ=ëã~ää=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=
=
qÜÉ=åçêã=çÑ=Éèì~äáíó=EÖÉåÇÉê=áÇÉçäçÖóF=ÇçÉë=åçí=
ÅçåíêáÄìíÉ=íç=íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=í~ëâë=Eëã~ää=
ÇÉÅáëáçåëF=
=
oÉä~íáçåëÜáé=ëí~íìë=
=
^îçáÇáåÖ=ëéÉÅá~äáò~íáçåI=ëíêáîÉ=
Ñçê=ãçêÉ=Éèì~äáíóW=ãçêÉ=
ÇÉäáÄÉê~íÉåÉëëK=
=
=
tçêâ=çêáÉåí~íáçå=
=
PK iÉ~êåáåÖJÑêçãJÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉ=
==
=
mêÉîáçìë=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéë=
=
QK bñáí=çéíáçå=
=
=
lìíëçìêÅáåÖ=çÑ=
ÜçìëÉïçêâ=í~ëâë=
=
qÜÉ=åçêã=çÑ=Éèì~äáíó=áë=éìí=~í=
íÜÉ=ÑçêÉÑêçåí=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëã~ää=
ÇÉÅáëáçåë=íç=ÄÉ=ã~ÇÉW=ãçêÉ=
ÇÉäáÄÉê~íÉåÉëëK=
=
=
m~êíåÉêë=Ü~îÉ=äÉ~êåÉÇ=Ñêçã=
ìåÉèì~ä=Çáîáëáçåë=áå=é~ëí=
êÉä~íáçåëÜáéëW=ãçêÉ=
ÇÉäáÄÉê~íÉåÉëëK=
=
=
^îçáÇáåÖ=íÜÉ=ãÉÅÜ~åáëã=çÑ=
ëã~ää=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=Ñçê=é~êíåÉêë=
ïÜç=ÄçíÜ=ïçêâ=~=ÅçåëáÇÉê~ÄäÉ=
~ãçìåí=çÑ=íáãÉ=É~ÅÜ=ïÉÉâ=
=
=
qÜÉ=äáâÉäáÜççÇ=çÑ=Ü~îáåÖ=~å=Éèì~ä=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=
í~ëâë=áë=ÖêÉ~íÉê=Ñçê=ÅçÜ~ÄáíáåÖ=ÅçìéäÉë=íÜ~å=Ñçê=ã~êêáÉÇ=
ÅçìéäÉëK=
=
=
qÜÉ=äáâÉäáÜççÇ=çÑ=Ü~îáåÖ=~å=Éèì~ä=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=
í~ëâë=áë=ÖêÉ~íÉê=Ñçê=ïçãÉå=ïáíÜ=~=ëíêçåÖ=ïçêâ=
çêáÉåí~íáçåK=
=
=
qÜÉ=äáâÉäáÜççÇ=çÑ=Ü~îáåÖ=~å=Éèì~ä=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=
í~ëâë=áë=ÖêÉ~íÉê=Ñçê=é~êíåÉêë=ïÜç=Ü~Ç=~åçíÜÉê=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=
ÄÉÑçêÉ=íÜÉ=ÅìêêÉåí=çåÉK=
=
=
qÜÉ=äáâÉäáÜççÇ=çÑ=Ü~îáåÖ=~å=Éèì~ä=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=
í~ëâë=áë=ÖêÉ~íÉê=Ñçê=é~êíåÉêë=ïÜç=çìíëçìêÅÉ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=
í~ëâëK=
=
QKP=a~í~=~åÇ=ãÉíÜçÇë=
=
qÜÉ= Ç~í~= ~êÉ= Ñêçã= íÜÉ= Ñáêëí= ï~îÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë= háåëÜáé= m~åÉä= píìÇó= EkhmpX=
aóâëíê~I=h~äãáàåI= håáàåI= hçãíÉêI= iáÉÑÄêçÉêI=~åÇ=jìäÇÉêI=OMMRFK= qÜÉ= khmp= áë= ~= ä~êÖÉJ
ëÅ~äÉ=Ç~í~=ÅçääÉÅíáçå=~ãçåÖ=~=êÉéêÉëÉåí~íáîÉ=ë~ãéäÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=aìíÅÜ=éçéìä~íáçå=çå=íÜÉ=
ëìÄàÉÅí= çÑ= Ñ~ãáäó= ëçäáÇ~êáíóK= c~ÅÉJíçJÑ~ÅÉ= áåíÉêîáÉïë= ïÉêÉ= ÅçåÇìÅíÉÇ= ïáíÜ= çîÉê=
UNRM=êÉëéçåÇÉåíë=~í=ÜçãÉ=EïáíÜ=~=ãáåáãìã=~ÖÉ=çÑ=NU=~åÇ=~=ã~ñáãìã=~ÖÉ=çÑ=TVFK=
pÉäÑJÅçãéäÉíáçå=èìÉëíáçåå~áêÉë=Ñçê=~ÇÇáíáçå~ä=áåÑçêã~íáçå=ïÉêÉ=äÉÑí=ÄÉÜáåÇ=~åÇ=ïÉêÉ=
éáÅâÉÇ= ìé= ä~íÉê= Äó= íÜÉ= áåíÉêîáÉïÉêK= ^äëç= Ñ~ãáäó= ãÉãÄÉêë= Eé~êÉåíI= ëáÄäáåÖI= ÅÜáäÇêÉåI=
~åÇ= é~êíåÉêF= êÉÅÉáîÉÇ= ëÉäÑJÅçãéäÉíáçå= èìÉëíáçåå~áêÉëK= lìê= ~å~äóëÉë= ÑçÅìë= çå= OQMT=
ã~êêáÉÇ= ~åÇ= RPO=ÅçÜ~ÄáíáåÖ= ÅçìéäÉëK= qÜÉ= ÅçìéäÉë= ïÉêÉ= ëÉäÉÅíÉÇ= áÑ= Ç~í~= ïÉêÉ=
~î~áä~ÄäÉ= çå= íÜÉ= Ñ~ÅÉJíçJÑ~ÅÉ= áåíÉêîáÉï= ïáíÜ= íÜÉ= êÉëéçåÇÉåí= E^åÅÜçêFI= íÜÉ= ëÉäÑJ
ÅçãéäÉíáçå=èìÉëíáçåå~áêÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉëéçåÇÉåí=~åÇ=íÜÉ=ëÉäÑJÅçãéäÉíáçå=èìÉëíáçåå~áêÉ=çÑ=
íÜÉ=é~êíåÉê=E^äíÉêFK=qÜÉêÉ=~êÉ=NONT=ã~äÉ=~åÇ=NTOO=ÑÉã~äÉ=^åÅÜçêë=ïáíÜ=é~êíåÉê=áå=çìê=
ëÉäÉÅíáçå= çÑ= íÜÉ= Ç~í~K= tÉ= ÇáÇ= åçí= áåÅäìÇÉ= êÉëéçåÇÉåíë= ~ÄçîÉ= ~ÖÉ= SMI= ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ= ïÉ=
ï~åíÉÇ=íç=áåÅäìÇÉ=ïçêâ=î~êá~ÄäÉë=áå=íÜÉ=~å~äóëÉë=~åÇ=íÜÉ=äáâÉäáÜççÇ=íÜ~í=êÉëéçåÇÉåíë=
~êÉ=êÉíáêÉÇ=~í=íÜáë=~ÖÉ=áë=ÜáÖÜK=^åçíÜÉê=êÉ~ëçå=åçí=íç=áåÅäìÇÉ=êÉëéçåÇÉåíë=çîÉê=~ÖÉ=SM=
ï~ë=íÜÉ=ÅçåëáÇÉê~íáçå=íÜ~í=íÜÉó=ÅçãÉ=Ñêçã=~=êÉ~ääó=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=ÅçÜçêí=~åÇ=ãáÖÜí=Ü~îÉ=
îÉêó=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=î~äìÉë=çå=íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâK==
=
aÉéÉåÇÉåí=î~êá~ÄäÉ=
tçãÉåÛë= ëÜ~êÉ= áå= ÜçìëÉïçêâK= jçëí= Éñéä~å~íáçåë= çå= íÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ=
ÜçìëÉïçêâ= ÅçåíêáÄìíÉ= íç= çìê= ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ= çÑ= ëçãÉ= î~êáÉíó= áå= íÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= Å~êÉ=
~åÇ=ÜçìëÉâÉÉéáåÖI=Äìí=ÖáîÉ=åç=Éñéä~å~íáçå=Ñçê=íÜÉ=èìÉëíáçå=ïÜó=ïçãÉå=~åÇ=ïçãÉå=
ëÜ~êÉ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=Éèì~ääóK=qÜÉêÉÑçêÉ=ïÉ=ï~åí=íç=ã~âÉ=~=ãçêÉ=ëíêáÅí=Çáîáëáçå=ÄÉíïÉÉå=
Éèì~ä= ~åÇ= ìåÉèì~ä= ëÜ~êáåÖK= låäó= ëçãÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= ÅçìéäÉë= ERIRBF= ïÉ= ëÉäÉÅíÉÇ= Ü~Ç= ~=
éêÉÅáëÉ=ÑáÑíóJÑáÑíó=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâI=íÜÉêÉÑçêÉ=ïÉ=~äëç=ÅÜçëÉ=ÅçìéäÉë=ïáíÜ=~=åÉ~ê=
ÑáÑíóJÑáÑíó= ÇáîáëáçåK= qÜÉ= êÉä~íáîÉ= ëÜ~êÉ=çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= ï~ë=ãÉ~ëìêÉÇ= Äó= ~= éêçéçêíáçå~ä=
ãÉ~ëìêÉ=áå=íÜÉ=Ç~í~=ëÉíK=_çíÜ=^åÅÜçê=~åÇ=^äíÉê=~åëïÉêÉÇ=íÜÉ=ë~ãÉ=èìÉëíáçåëW=Ñáêëí=
íÜÉ= ãÉ~å= ~åëïÉê= çÑ= ÄçíÜ= é~êíåÉêë= ï~ë= Å~äÅìä~íÉÇ= Ñçê= íÜÉ= ïçãÉåÛë= ëÜ~êÉ= áå=
éêÉé~êáåÖ=ãÉ~äëI=ÑÉíÅÜáåÖ=ÖêçÅÉêáÉë=~åÇ=íáÇóáåÖ=ìé=~åÇ=ÅäÉ~åáåÖ=E~ÇÇÉÇ=íçÖÉíÜÉêFK=tÉ=
ÅçåëíêìÅíÉÇ=~=Çìããó=î~êá~ÄäÉW=áÑ=íÜÉ=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ïáÑÉ=áë=ÄÉíïÉÉå=QO=J=RUB=çÑ=
íÜÉ=íçí~ä=ëÜ~êÉ=áå=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=áí=ï~ë=ÅçÇÉÇ=~ë=N=EÉèì~äFI=~ÄçîÉ=RUB=çÑ=íÜÉ=íçí~ä=ëÜ~êÉ=
áí= ï~ë= ÅçÇÉÇ= ~ë= M= EìåÉèì~äFK= qÜÉ= éÉêÅÉåí~ÖÉ= ÅçìéäÉë= ïáíÜ= ~å= Éèì~ä= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ=
ÜçìëÉïçêâ= áë= OQK= páåÅÉ= ïÉ= ~Åíì~ääó= ï~åíÉÇ= íç= âåçï= ïÜ~í= Ñ~Åíçêë= ÅçåíêáÄìíÉ= íç= ~å=
Éèì~ä= Çáîáëáçå= áå= Åçãé~êáëçå= ïáíÜ= ~å= ìåÉèì~ä= Çáîáëáçå= ïÜÉêÉ= íÜÉ= ïáÑÉ= ÇçÉë= ãçêÉ=
íÜ~å=íÜÉ=ÜìëÄ~åÇI=ïÉ=ÉñÅäìÇÉÇ=íÜÉ=RB=ÅçìéäÉë=ïáíÜ=~=êÉîÉêëÉ=é~ííÉêå=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=Ç~í~=
EïÜÉêÉ=íÜÉ=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ïáÑÉ=ï~ë=ÄÉäçï=QOBFK==
UM=
=
fåÇÉéÉåÇÉåí=î~êá~ÄäÉë==
dÉåÇÉê= áÇÉçäçÖóK= få= íÜÉ= éêÉîáçìë= ëÉÅíáçå= ïÉ= ÜóéçíÜÉëáòÉÇ= íÜ~í= íÜÉ= ÖÉåÇÉê=
áÇÉçäçÖó=ÇçÉë=åçí=ÅçåíêáÄìíÉ=íç=íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ=íÜÉ=ä~ííÉê=ÄÉäçåÖë=
íç= íÜÉ= Ççã~áå= çÑ= íÜÉ= ëã~ää= ÇÉÅáëáçåëK= qÜÉ= ÖÉåÇÉê= áÇÉçäçÖó= ï~ë= ãÉ~ëìêÉÇ= Äó= Ñçìê=
áíÉãë= ~Äçìí= Éèì~äáíó= ÄÉíïÉÉå= ëéçìëÉëK= qÜÉ= êÉëéçåëÉë= íç= íÜÉ= ëí~íÉãÉåíë= ê~åÖÉÇ=
Ñêçã=N=EëíêçåÖäó=~ÖêÉÉ=ïáíÜ=Éèì~äáíóF=íç=R=EëíêçåÖäó=Çáë~ÖêÉÉ=ïáíÜ=Éèì~äáíóFK=qÜÉ=Ñçìê=
ëí~íÉãÉåíë= ïÉêÉW= ÚfíÛë= ÄÉëí= íç= ÇáîáÇÉ= í~ëâë= ~åÇ= êÉëéçåëáÄáäáíáÉë= áå= ~= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=
~ÅÅçêÇáåÖ= íç= íÜÉ= ÅìëíçãëI= íê~Çáíáçåë= ~åÇ= êìäÉë= íÜ~í= Ü~îÉ= ~äï~óë= ÄÉÉå= ÑçêÅÉÛI= Ú^=
ïçã~å= ãìëí= èìáí= ÜÉê= àçÄ= ïÜÉå= ëÜÉ= ÄÉÅçãÉë= ~= ãçíÜÉêÛI= ÚfíÛë= ãçêÉ= áãéçêí~åí= Ñçê=
Äçóë=íÜ~å=áí=áë=Ñçê=Öáêäë=íç=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íç=É~êå=~=äáîáåÖ=ä~íÉê=áå=äáÑÉÛI=~åÇ=ÚtçêâáåÖ=ãçíÜÉêë=
éìí=íÜÉãëÉäîÉë=Ñáêëí=ê~íÜÉê=íÜ~å=íÜÉáê=Ñ~ãáäáÉëÛK=qÜÉ=ëÅ~äÉ=ê~åÖÉë=Ñêçã=Q=EQ=ñ=NF=íç=OM=
EQ=ñ=RFW=NOKUB=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉëéçåÇÉåíë=ëÅçêÉÇ=ÄÉäçï=çê=Éèì~ä=íç=NOI=ïÜáÅÜ=áë=ÅçåëáÇÉêÉÇ=
Úíê~Çáíáçå~äÛI= UTKOB= çÑ= íÜÉ= êÉëéçåÇÉåíë= ëÅçêÉÇ= ÜáÖÜÉê= íÜ~å= NO= EïÜáÅÜ= Å~å= ÄÉ=
ÅçåëáÇÉêÉÇ= ÉÖ~äáí~êá~å= íç= î~êáçìë= ÇÉÖêÉÉëFK= qÜÉ= éÉêÅÉåí~ÖÉ= çÑ= ãÉå= íÜ~í= ëÅçêÉÇ=
íê~Çáíáçå~ä= ï~ë= ä~êÖÉê= íÜ~å= íÜÉ= éÉêÅÉåí~ÖÉ= ïçãÉåW= NTKRB= ~åÇ= VKRB= êÉëéÉÅíáîÉäóK=
tÉ=ÅêÉ~íÉÇ=~=Çìããó=î~êá~ÄäÉ=ïÜÉêÉ=ÚÉÖ~äáí~êá~åÛ=ï~ë=ÅçÇÉÇ=~ë=N=~åÇ=Úíê~Çáíáçå~äÛ=~ë=
MK=
oÉä~íáçåëÜáé= ëí~íìëK= qÜÉ= ëÉÅçåÇ= ~åÇ= íÜáêÇ= ÜóéçíÜÉëÉë= ~êÉ= ~Äçìí= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=
ëí~íìë= ~åÇ= ïçêâ= çêáÉåí~íáçå= êÉëéÉÅíáîÉäóK= m~êíåÉêë= ~êÉ= ã~êêáÉÇ= çê= äáîÉ= íçÖÉíÜÉê=
ïáíÜçìí=ÄÉáåÖ=ã~êêáÉÇI=ïÜáÅÜ=~êÉ=êÉÅçÇÉÇ=~ë=N=~åÇ=M=êÉëéÉÅíáîÉäóK==
tçêâ= çêáÉåí~íáçåK= få= ~ÅÅçêÇ~åÅÉ= ïáíÜ= e~âáãÛë= ÇáëíáåÅíáçå= çÑ= ïçêâJäáÑÉëíóäÉ=
éêÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë= çÑ= ïçãÉå= ~= î~êá~ÄäÉ= Ñçê= íÜÉ= ïçêâ= éêÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ= ï~ë= ÅçåëíêìÅíÉÇ= Ñçê= ~ää=
êÉëéçåÇÉåíë= EïçãÉå= ~ë=ïÉää=~ë= ãÉåF= Äó=~ÇÇáåÖ=Ñçìê= áíÉãë=çÑ= íÜÉ= ïçêâ= çêáÉåí~íáçå=
î~êá~ÄäÉ=áå=íÜÉ=Ç~í~W=ÚfÛã=éêÉé~êÉÇ=íç=éìí=áå=~å=Éñíê~=ÉÑÑçêí=áÑ=íÜ~í=ÜÉäéë=íÜÉ=ÄìëáåÉëë=f=
ïçêâ=ÑçêÛI=Úf=ÑáåÇ=áí=îÉêó=áãéçêí~åí=íç=Çç=ãó=àçÄ=ïÉääÛI=ÚfÛÇ=ê~íÜÉê=ïçêâ=çîÉêíáãÉ=íÜ~å=
Ñ~áä= íç= ÖÉí= ëçãÉíÜáåÖ= ÇçåÉ= çå= íáãÉÛI= ~åÇ= Újó= àçÄ= áë= îÉêó= áãéçêí~åí= íç= ãÉÛK= qÜÉ=
~åëïÉê=Å~íÉÖçêáÉë=ïÉêÉ=ëíêçåÖäó=~ÖêÉÉI=~ÖêÉÉI=åÉáíÜÉê=~ÖêÉÉ=åçê=Çáë~ÖêÉÉI=Çáë~ÖêÉÉ=
~åÇ= ëíêçåÖäó= Çáë~ÖêÉÉ= EêÉÅçÇÉÇ= ~ë= R= íç= N= êÉëéÉÅíáîÉäóFK= qÜÉ= ãáëëáåÖë= çå= íÜÉ=
ÅçåëíêìÅíÉÇ= î~êá~ÄäÉ= ïÉêÉ= êÉéä~ÅÉÇ= Äó= íÜÉ= ãÉ~å= çÑ= íÜÉ= ã~äÉ= ^åÅÜçêë= Ñçê= íÜÉ= ãÉå=
~åÇ= íÜÉ= ãÉ~å= çÑ= íÜÉ= ÑÉã~äÉ= ^åÅÜçêë= Ñçê= íÜÉ= ïçãÉåK= eçïÉîÉêI= Ñçê= íÜÉ= ïçãÉå= ~=
ãáëëáåÖ= ï~ë= êÉéä~ÅÉÇ= Äó= íÜÉ= î~äìÉ= Q= EQñNF= áÑ= ëÜÉ= ÅçåëáÇÉêÉÇ= ÜÉêëÉäÑ= ~= ÜçìëÉïáÑÉK=
^ÑíÉê= íÜ~íI= ÄÉäçï= íÜÉ= î~äìÉ= NO= çå= íÜÉ= åÉï= î~êá~ÄäÉ=ï~ë= êÉÅçÇÉÇ= ~ë= MI=ÄÉíïÉÉå=NO=
~åÇ=NT=ï~ë=êÉÅçÇÉÇ=~ë=NI=~åÇ=ÄÉíïÉÉå=NU=~åÇ=OM=ï~ë=êÉÅçÇÉÇ=~ë=OK===
iáîÉÇ=ïáíÜ=~=é~êíåÉê=ÄÉÑçêÉ\=tÉ=~äëç=ÜóéçíÜÉëáòÉÇ=íÜ~í=é~êíåÉêë=Ü~îÉ=äÉ~êåÉÇ=
Ñêçã= ìåÉèì~ä= Çáîáëáçåë= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= áå= íÜÉ= é~ëíI= íÜÉêÉÑçêÉ= ïÉ= ï~åí= íç= âåçï=
ïÜÉíÜÉê=éÉêëçåë=äáîÉÇ=ïáíÜ=~=é~êíåÉê=ÄÉÑçêÉ=EÜóéçíÜÉëáë=QFK=oÉëéçåÇÉåíë=~åëïÉêÉÇ=
íÜÉ= èìÉëíáçå= Úe~îÉ= óçì= äáîÉÇ= ïáíÜ= ~= é~êíåÉê= ÄÉÑçêÉI= ïÜÉíÜÉê= ã~êêáÉÇ= çê= åçí\ÛK= qÜÉ=
UN=
~åëïÉê=Å~íÉÖçêáÉë=ïÉêÉ=óÉë=çê=åçI=êÉÅçÇÉÇ=~ë=N=çê=M=êÉëéÉÅíáîÉäóK=NTB=äáîÉÇ=ïáíÜ=~=
é~êíåÉê=ÄÉÑçêÉ=íÜÉ=ÅìêêÉåí=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéK=
lìíëçìêÅáåÖK= cáå~ääóI=ïÉ=ï~åí=íç=âåçï=ïÜÉíÜÉê=ÅçìéäÉë=~îçáÇ=í~ëâJëéÉÅáÑáÉÇI=
ÇçáåÖ= ÖÉåÇÉê= ~åÇ= ëã~ää= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= Äó= çìíëçìêÅáåÖ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= í~ëâë= EÜóéçíÜÉëáë= RFK=
lìíëçìêÅáåÖ= ï~ë= ãÉ~ëìêÉÇ= ïáíÜ= íÜÉ= èìÉëíáçå= Úaç= óçì= é~ó= ëçãÉçåÉ= íç= ÜÉäé= óçì=
ïáíÜ=ÅÉêí~áå=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=ÇìíáÉë\Û=qÜÉ=~åëïÉê=Å~íÉÖçêáÉë=ïÉêÉ=óÉë=çê=åçI=êÉÅçÇÉÇ=~ë=N=
çê=MK=NUKVB=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉëéçåÇÉåíë=ìëÉ=ÇçãÉëíáÅ=ÜÉäéK==
=
`çåíêçäë=
qáãÉ=~î~áä~Äáäáíó=Ó=jÉåÛë=êÉä~íáîÉ=ëÜ~êÉ=áå=é~áÇ=ïçêâK= qÜÉ=ïçêâ=Üçìêë=çÑ=ãÉå=
~åÇ= ïçãÉå= ïÉêÉ= ãÉ~ëìêÉÇ= Äó= íÜÉ= ~Åíì~ä= ïçêâáåÖ= íáãÉ= éÉê= ïÉÉâI= ÄçíÜ= Ä~ëÉÇ= çå=
êÉéçêíë=çÑ=^åÅÜçêK=qÜÉ=~îÉê~ÖÉ=~Åíì~ä=ïçêâáåÖ=Üçìêë=çÑ=ãÉå=áå=íÜÉ=Ç~í~=áë=PUKT=~åÇ=
çÑ= ïçãÉå= NUKMK= qÜÉ= êÉä~íáîÉ= ÅçåíêáÄìíáçå= çÑ= íÜÉ= ÜìëÄ~åÇ= íç= é~áÇ= ïçêâáåÖ= Üçìêë= çÑ=
íÜÉ=ÅçìéäÉ=ï~ë=Å~äÅìä~íÉÇK=fÑ=íÜÉ=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÜìëÄ~åÇ=ï~ë=~ÄçîÉ=SSB=çÑ=íÜÉ=
íçí~ä=ïçêâáåÖ=Üçìêë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅçìéäÉ=áí=ï~ë=ÅçÇÉÇ=~ë=NI=ÄÉäçï=SSB=çÑ=íÜÉ=íçí~ä=ïçêâáåÖ=
Üçìêë= ï~ë= ÅçÇÉÇ= ~ë= MK= qÜÉ= ÄçìåÇ~êó= ï~ë= ëÉí= çå= SSB= ~åÇ= åçí= çå= RMBI= ëáåÅÉ= íÜáë=
Çáîáëáçå=êÉëÉãÄäÉë=~=ãçêÉ=íêìÉ=îáÉï=çÑ=êÉ~äáíóW=áå=íÜÉ=kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë=íÜÉ=ã~àçêáíó=çÑ=íÜÉ=
ÅçìéäÉë=Å~å=ÄÉ=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáòÉÇ=~ë=~=çåÉJ~åÇJ~JÜ~äÑJÉ~êåÉê=Ñ~ãáäó=EíÜÉ=ÜìëÄ~åÇ=ïçêâáåÖ=
ÑìääJíáãÉ=~åÇ=íÜÉ=ïáÑÉ=é~êíJíáãÉFNNK=pçãÉ=ÅçìéäÉë=ÜçïÉîÉê=ÅçãÉ=ãçêÉ=ÅäçëÉäó=íç=íÜÉ=
ÄêÉ~ÇïáååÉê=Ñ~ãáäóI=çíÜÉêë=íç=íÜÉ=Çì~ä=É~êåÉê=Ñ~ãáäóK==
qáãÉ=~î~áä~Äáäáíó=Ó=`ÜáäÇêÉå=äáîáåÖ=~í=ÜçãÉK=vÉë=Z=N=~åÇ=åç=Z=MK=
oÉëçìêÅÉë=Ó= bÇìÅ~íáçå~ä= äÉîÉäK= qÜÉ=äÉîÉä= çÑ= ÉÇìÅ~íáçå= áë=Ä~ëÉÇ= çå= ëÉäÑJêÉéçêí=
çÑ=ÄçíÜ=é~êíåÉêë=~åÇ=áë=ãÉ~ëìêÉÇ=çå=~=ëÅ~äÉ=ïÜÉêÉ=N=ëí~åÇë=Ñçê=åçí=Ü~îáåÖ=ÑáåáëÜÉÇ=
éêáã~êó=ëÅÜççä=~åÇ=NM=ëí~åÇë=Ñçê=Ü~îáåÖ=ÑáåáëÜÉÇ=~= éçëíJÇçÅíçê~ä=äÉîÉä= çÑ= ÉÇìÅ~íáçåK=
qÜÉëÉ= ïÉêÉ= êÉÅçÇÉÇ= áåíç= R= Å~íÉÖçêáÉëW= Úìé= íç= éêáã~êóÛ= EMFI= ÚäçïÉê= ëÉÅçåÇ~êóÛ= ENFI=
ÚìééÉê=ëÉÅçåÇ~êóÛ=EOFI=ÚÜáÖÜÉê=îçÅ~íáçå~äÛ=EPFI=~åÇ=ÚìåáîÉêëáíóÛ=EQFK=qÜÉ=~îÉê~ÖÉ=äÉîÉä=çÑ=
ãÉå=áë=OKO=~åÇ=çÑ=ïçãÉå=OKMK= bÇìÅ~íáçå=Ö~éK= ^ÅÅçêÇáåÖ=íç=íÜÉ=êÉëçìêÅÉJÄ~êÖ~áåáåÖ=
éÉêëéÉÅíáîÉ= íÜÉêÉ= áë= êççã= Ñçê= åÉÖçíá~íáçå= áÑ= Úéçêí~ÄäÉÛ= êÉëçìêÅÉë= ~êÉ= ãçêÉ= Éèì~ääó=
ÇáîáÇÉÇ= ÄÉíïÉÉå= é~êíåÉêë= EêÉÑÉêÉåÅÉFK= tÉ= íÜÉêÉÑçêÉ= ~äëç= Å~äÅìä~íÉÇ= íÜÉ= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉ=
ÄÉíïÉÉå= ÜìëÄ~åÇ= ~åÇ= ïáÑÉ= áå= äÉîÉä=çÑ= ÉÇìÅ~íáçå=EíÜÉ= ïáÑÉÛë=äÉîÉä= çÑ= ÉÇìÅ~íáçå= ï~ë=
ëìÄíê~ÅíÉÇ=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=ÜìëÄ~åÇÛëFK=
oÉëçìêÅÉë= Ó= lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä= ëí~íìëK= cçê= íÜÉ= çÅÅìé~íáçå~ä= ëí~íìë= çÑ= ãÉå= ~åÇ=
ïçãÉå=ïÉ=ìëÉÇ=~=ëí~íìë=ëÅ~äÉK=qÜÉ=ëÅ~äÉ=ï~ë=êÉÅçÇÉÇ=áåíç=Q=Å~íÉÖçêáÉëW=äçïÉëí=íç=
ORBI=ORBJRMBI=RMBJTRBI=~åÇ=ìééÉê=ORB=EÅä~ëëáÑáÅ~íáçå=Ä~ëÉÇ=çå=íÜÉ=ÅìêêÉåí=àçÄ=
çÑ= ^åÅÜçê= áå= íÜÉ= íçí~ä= ë~ãéäÉFK= qÜÉ= ~îÉê~ÖÉ= çÑ= ãÉå= áë= OKQ= ~åÇ= çÑ= ïçãÉå= OKNK=
lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=ëí~íìë=Ö~éK=eÉêÉ=~äëç=íÜÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉ=ÄÉíïÉÉå=ÜìëÄ~åÇ=~åÇ=ïáÑÉ=áå=íÜÉáê=
NN
=kçíÉ=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=ä~Äçê=ÑçêÅÉ=é~êíáÅáé~íáçå=çÑ=aìíÅÜ=ïçãÉå=ÇáÑÑÉêë=ÅçåëáÇÉê~Ääó=íÜ~í=çÑ=rp=ïçãÉåK=få=
íÜÉ=kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë=íÜÉ=éÉêÅÉåí~ÖÉ=çÑ=ïçêâáåÖ=ïçãÉå=íÜ~í=ïçêâ=é~êíJíáãÉ=áë=SN=ïÜÉêÉ~ë=áå=íÜÉ=rp=íÜáë=
éÉêÅÉåí~ÖÉ=áë=NU=Elb`a=bãéäçóãÉåí=lìíäççâ=OMMSFK=
UO=
ÅìêêÉåí=Eçê=ãçëí=êÉÅÉåíF=çÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=ëí~íìë=ï~ë=Å~äÅìä~íÉÇ=EíÜÉ=ïáÑÉÛë=çÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=
ëí~íìë=ï~ë=ëìÄíê~ÅíÉÇ=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=ÜìëÄ~åÇÛëFK=
oÉëçìêÅÉë=Ó=fåÅçãÉK= qÜÉ=áåÅçãÉ=çÑ=ãÉå=~åÇ=ïçãÉå=áë=ãÉ~ëìêÉÇ=Äó=êÉéçêíë=
çÑ=^åÅÜçêK=cçê=~ää=ãÉå=~åÇ=ïçãÉå=íÜÉ=ãçåíÜäó=áåÅçãÉ=ï~ë=Å~äÅìä~íÉÇK=fÑ=^åÅÜçê=ÇáÇ=
åçí= âåçï= çê= ÇáÇ= åçí= ï~åí= íç= ë~ó= ïÜ~í= áåÅçãÉ= ÜÉLëÜÉ= çê= ÜáëLÜÉê= é~êíåÉê= É~êåëI= ïÉ=
ìëÉÇ=íÜÉ=~îÉê~ÖÉ=áåÅçãÉ=çÑ=ãÉå=çê=ïçãÉåK=qÜÉ=~îÉê~ÖÉ=ãçåíÜäó=áåÅçãÉ=Ñçê=ãÉå=áë=
OMQT=bìêç=~åÇ=Ñçê=ïçãÉå=UNM=bìêçK=fåÅçãÉ=ï~ë=êÉÅçÇÉÇ=áåíç=S=Å~íÉÖçêáÉëW=MJTRMX=
TRMJNIORMX= NIORMJNITRMX= NITRMJOIORMX= OIORMJOITRMX= OITRM= ~åÇ= ÜáÖÜÉêK= fåÅçãÉ= Ö~éK=
qÜÉ=Ö~é=áë=íÜÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉ=ÄÉíïÉÉå=ÜìëÄ~åÇ=~åÇ=ïáÑÉ=áå=ãçåíÜäó=áåÅçãÉ=EíÜÉ=ïáÑÉÛë=
áåÅçãÉ=ï~ë=ëìÄíê~ÅíÉÇ=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=ÜìëÄ~åÇÛëFK=
^ÖÉ= êÉëéçåÇÉåíK= cáå~ääó= íÜÉ= ~ÖÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= êÉëéçåÇÉåí= ï~ë= áåÅäìÇÉÇ= áå= íÜÉ=
~å~äóëÉëK=qÜÉ=ãÉ~å=~ÖÉ=çÑ=ãÉå=áå=íÜÉ=Ç~í~=áë=QPKQ=~åÇ=çÑ=ïçãÉå=QNKMK=
=
=
QKQ=oÉëìäíë=
=
q~ÄäÉ= QKO= ëÜçïë= íÜÉ= äçÖáëíáÅ= êÉÖêÉëëáçå= ~å~äóëÉë= Ñçê= ïçãÉå= ~åÇ= ãÉå= ïáíÜ= íÜÉ=
ÇÉéÉåÇÉåí= î~êá~ÄäÉ= Éèì~ä= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâK= få= ãçÇÉä= N= çåäó= íÜÉ= î~êá~ÄäÉë=
ÖÉåÇÉê=áÇÉçäçÖóI=~ìíçåçãóI=äÉ~êåáåÖJÑêçãJÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉ=~åÇ=çìíëçìêÅáåÖ=ïÉêÉ=áåÅäìÇÉÇ=
áå= íÜÉ= ~å~äóëáë= ~ë= ïÉää= ~ë= íÜÉ= ~ÖÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= êÉëéçåÇÉåí= E~ë= ~= Åçåíêçä= î~êá~ÄäÉFK= få= äáåÉ=
ïáíÜ= evmlqebpfp= N= EÄ~ëÉÇ=çå=íÜÉ=ëçÅá~ä=ê~íáçå~äáíó=~ééêç~ÅÜF=íÜÉ=ÖÉåÇÉê=áÇÉçäçÖó=~ë=
ëìÅÜ= áë= åçí= ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åíK= få= äáåÉ= ïáíÜ= evmlqebpfp= O= ïÉ= ÑáåÇ= íÜ~í= Ñçê= ÄçíÜ= ïçãÉå= ~åÇ=
ãÉå=~å=Éèì~ä=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=áë=ãçêÉ=äáâÉäó=ïÜÉå=íÜÉó=~êÉ=åçí=ã~êêáÉÇ=Äìí=äáîÉ=
íçÖÉíÜÉê=áå=ÅçÜ~Äáí~íáçåK=cìêíÜÉêãçêÉI=~=ëíêçåÖÉê=ïçêâ=çêáÉåí~íáçå=çÑ=ïçãÉå=áåÇÉÉÇ=
ã~âÉë=áí=ãçêÉ=äáâÉäó=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=áë=Éèì~ä= Eevmlqebpfp=PFK=cçê=ãÉå=
~=êÉîÉêëÉÇ=é~ííÉêå=Å~å=ÄÉ=ëÉÉåW=~=ëíêçåÖÉê=ïçêâ=çêáÉåí~íáçå=çÑ=ãÉå=ÅçåíêáÄìíÉë=íç=~å=
ìåÉèì~ä= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâK= ^äëç= íÜÉ= äÉ~êåáåÖJÑêçãJÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉ= ÜóéçíÜÉëáë=
Eevmlqebpfp=QF=áë=ÅçåÑáêãÉÇW=ïÜÉå=íÜÉ=é~êíåÉê=äáîÉÇ=ïáíÜ=~åçíÜÉê=é~êíåÉê=ÄÉÑçêÉI=íÜÉ=
äáâÉäáÜççÇ=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=áë=Éèì~ä=áë=ÖêÉ~íÉêK=lìíëçìêÅáåÖ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=
Ó= íÜÉ= Éñáí= çéíáçå= ÜóéçíÜÉëáë= Eevmlqebpfp= RF= Ó= ã~âÉë= áí= ãçêÉ= äáâÉäó= íÜ~í= íÜÉ= éÉçéäÉ=
ëÜ~êÉ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=Éèì~ääóI=ÉëéÉÅá~ääó=ïÜÉå=íÜÉ=Ç~í~=çÑ=ïáîÉë=~êÉ=ìëÉÇ=áå=íÜÉ=~å~äóëáëI=
~äíÜçìÖÜ=áå=ãçÇÉä=P=çìíëçìêÅáåÖ=áë=äÉëë=ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åíK=
UP=
q~ÄäÉ=QKO=içÖáëíáÅ=êÉÖêÉëëáçå=ãçÇÉäë=Ñçê=ïçãÉå=~åÇ=ãÉå=Ó=ÇÉéÉåÇÉåí=î~êá~ÄäÉW= Éèì~ä=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=í~ëâë=EÉèì~äZNI=ïáÑÉ=
ÇçÉë=ãçêÉZMF=
=
=
=
=
=
jçÇÉä=N=
=
tçãÉå=
=
jçÇÉä=O=
=
=
jçÇÉä=P=
=
=
jçÇÉä=N=
=
jÉå=
=
jçÇÉä=O=
=
=
jçÇÉä=P=
=
KNSU=
=
KNUR=
=
KMRS=
=
KPOR=
=
KPTQ=
=
KPSP=
=
JKTURGGG=
KPRSGGG=
=
JKQVOGG=
KQPSGGG=
=
JKPSSG=
KORRG=
=
JKTVRGGG=
JKSUVGGG=
=
JKQRSG=
JKSMSGGG=
=
JKQOMG=
JKRRQGG=
=
KROSGGG=
=
KRNUGGG=
=
KRSVGGG=
=
KRSQGG=
=
KRMPGG=
=
KPVSG=
=
KQQUGG=
=
KQOPGG=
=
KORR
=
KPSUG=
=
KNQU=
=
KNOU=
=
=
=
=
JKVUTGGG=
JKPUPGG=
=
JKUPMGGG=
JKPTMGG=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
KMNU=
=
JKNMM
JKNMOG=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
JKMOVGGG=
KRTRG=
=
=
=
=
=
JKMPUGGG=
KPQT=
=
bèì~äáíó=åçêã=
dÉåÇÉê=áÇÉçäçÖó=
=
^ìíçåçãó=çêáÉåí~íáçå=
oÉä~íáçåëÜáé=ëí~íìë=
tçêâ=çêáÉåí~íáçå=
=
iÉ~êåáåÖJÑêçãJÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉ=
iáîÉÇ=ïáíÜ=é~êíåÉê=ÄÉÑçêÉ=
=
bñáí=çéíáçå=
lìíëçìêÅáåÖ=
=
qáãÉ=~î~áä~Äáäáíó=
jÉåÛë=êÉä~íáîÉ=ëÜ~êÉ=áå=é~áÇ=ïçêâ=
`ÜáäÇêÉå=äáîáåÖ=~í=ÜçãÉ=
=
oÉä~íáîÉ=êÉëçìêÅÉë=
bÇìÅ~íáçå~ä=äÉîÉä=Ö~é=
lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=ëí~íìë=Ö~é=
fåÅçãÉ=Ö~é=
=
^ÄëçäìíÉ=êÉëçìêÅÉë=ïçãÉå=
bÇìÅ~íáçå~ä=äÉîÉä=
lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=ëí~íìë=
fåÅçãÉ=
=
^ÖÉ=êÉëéçåÇÉåí=
`çåëí~åí=
=
@=
KOPOG=
KMSN=
JKMPP=
=
JKMPMGGG=
JKNNM=
=
=
=
=
=
JKMOSGG=
NKMQPG=
=
JNKNRNGGG=
JKOSN=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
JKMOSGG=
NKPQTGG=
=
JKRVTGG=
JKOVN=
=
JKMOO=
JKNQP=
JKNVNGG=
=
KNPU=
JKMSV=
KNPO=
=
JKMNT=
SPM=
=
k~ÖÉäâÉêâÉ=oO=
KNNM=
KNRS=
KNTV=
KNMU=
KNUQ=
KONS=
k=
NTOO=
NTOO=
NTNS=
NONT=
NONT=
NNVQ=
=
få= ãçÇÉä= O= íÜÉ= íáãÉ= ~î~áä~Äáäáíó= î~êá~ÄäÉë= ÚãÉåÛë= êÉä~íáîÉ= ëÜ~êÉ= áå= é~áÇ= ïçêâÛ= ~åÇ=
ÚÅÜáäÇêÉå=äáîáåÖ=~í=ÜçãÉÛ=ïÉêÉ=áåÅäìÇÉÇ=áå=ÇÉ=ãçÇÉäK=cçê=ïçãÉå=åçí=ãìÅÜ=ÅÜ~åÖÉë=
ïáíÜ= êÉÖ~êÇ= íç= íÜÉ= ÖÉåÇÉê= áÇÉçäçÖóI= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= ëí~íìëI= ïçêâ= çêáÉåí~íáçåI= éêÉîáçìë=
êÉä~íáçåëÜáéëI= ~åÇ= çìíëçìêÅáåÖI= ~äíÜçìÖÜ= íÜÉ= íáãÉ= ~î~áä~Äáäáíó= î~êá~ÄäÉë= ÅçåíêáÄìíÉ= íç=
íÜÉ=ãçÇÉäK=fÑ=ãÉåÛë=êÉä~íáîÉ=ëÜ~êÉ=áå=é~áÇ=ïçêâ=áë=äÉëë=ä~êÖÉ=áí=áë=ãçêÉ=äáâÉäó=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=
Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=áë=ãçêÉ=Éèì~ä=~åÇ=íÜÉ=ë~ãÉ=ÜçäÇë=Ñçê=ÅÜáäÇêÉå=äáîáåÖ=~í=ÜçãÉW=
íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=áë=ãçêÉ=ìåäáâÉäó=íç=ÄÉ=Éèì~ä=áÑ=íÜÉêÉ=~êÉ=ÅÜáäÇêÉå=äáîáåÖ=~í=ÜçãÉK==
=
cçê= ãÉå= ãçÇÉä= O= EáåÅäìÇáåÖ= ãÉåÛë= êÉä~íáîÉ= ëÜ~êÉ= áå= é~áÇ= ïçêâ= ~åÇ= ÅÜáäÇêÉå=
äáîáåÖ=~í=ÜçãÉF=Éñéä~áåë=ãìÅÜ=ãçêÉ=íÜ~å=áí=ÇçÉë=Ñçê=ïçãÉåW=Ñçê=ãÉå=íÜÉ=Éñéä~áåÉÇ=
î~êá~åÅÉ= áë= NUKQB= ïáíÜ= ~å= áåÅêÉ~ëÉ= çÑ= TKSB= Åçãé~êÉÇ= íç= ãçÇÉä= NX= Ñçê= ïçãÉå= íÜÉ=
Éñéä~áåÉÇ=î~êá~åÅÉ=çÑ=ãçÇÉä=O=áë=NRKSB=ïáíÜ=~å=áåÅêÉ~ëÉ=çÑ=çåäó=QKSB=Åçãé~êÉÇ=íç=
ãçÇÉä= NK= ^ë= ïÉ= ë~áÇ= ÄÉÑçêÉW= áí= áë= ÉëéÉÅá~ääó= ãÉåÛë= êÉä~íáîÉ= ëÜ~êÉ= áå= é~áÇ= ïçêâ= íÜ~í=
~ÅÅçìåíë=Ñçê=íÜáëK==
=
få= ãçÇÉä= P= ~äëç= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáîÉ= êÉëçìêÅÉë= çÑ= íÜÉ= ÅçìéäÉ= ïÉêÉ= áåÅäìÇÉÇ= áå= íÜÉ=
ãçÇÉäI= ~ë= ïÉää= ~ë= íÜÉ= ~ÄëçäìíÉ= êÉëçìêÅÉë= çÑ= íÜÉ= ïçãÉåK= cçê= ïçãÉåI= åçí= ãìÅÜ=
ÅÜ~åÖÉë=áå=íÜÉ=çíÜÉê=î~êá~ÄäÉëI=~äíÜçìÖÜ=íÜÉ=ã~áå=î~êá~ÄäÉë=EÖÉåÇÉê=áÇÉçäçÖó=ÉíÅKF=~êÉ=
ëçãÉïÜ~í=äÉëë=áãéçêí~åí=áå=íÜáë=ãçÇÉäI=ïáíÜ=~å=ÉñÅÉéíáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=î~êá~ÄäÉ=ÚäáîÉÇ=ïáíÜ=
~=é~êíåÉê=ÄÉÑçêÉÛW=íÜáë=î~êá~ÄäÉ=êÉã~áåë=îÉêó=áãéçêí~åí=~åÇ=áë=ÉîÉå=ãçêÉ=áãéçêí~åí=áå=
íÜáë=ãçÇÉäK=qÜÉ=êÉëçìêÅÉ=î~êá~ÄäÉë=íÜ~í=ã~âÉ=íÜÉ=äáâÉäáÜççÇ=çÑ=~å=Éèì~ä=Çáîáëáçå=ä~êÖÉê=
~êÉ= ~= ëã~ääÉê= áåÅçãÉ= Ö~é= çÑ= íÜÉ= é~êíåÉêë= ~åÇ= ~= ÜáÖÜÉê= ÉÇìÅ~íáçå~ä= äÉîÉä= çÑ= íÜÉ=
ïçã~åK=cçê=íÜáë=ãçÇÉä=íÜÉ=Éñéä~áåÉÇ=î~êá~åÅÉ=Ü~ë=áåÅêÉ~ëÉÇ=ïáíÜ=OKPB=Åçãé~êÉÇ=íç=
ãçÇÉä=OK=
=
cçê= ãÉå= ~äëç= íÜÉ= áåÅçãÉ= Ö~é= ÅçåíêáÄìíÉë= íç= íÜÉ= ãçÇÉäW=áí= áë= ãçêÉ= äáâÉäó= íÜ~í=
íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=áë=Éèì~ä=ïÜÉå=íÜÉ=áåÅçãÉ=Ö~é=çÑ=íÜÉ=é~êíåÉêë=áë=ëã~ääÉêK=
qÜÉ=áåÑäìÉåÅÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ãÉåÛë=êÉä~íáîÉ=ëÜ~êÉ=áå=é~áÇ=ïçêâ=ÇÉÅêÉ~ëÉë=ÅçåëáÇÉê~ÄäóK=kçí=
ëç=ãìÅÜ=ÅÜ~åÖÉë=ïáíÜ=êÉÖ~êÇ=íç=íÜÉ=ã~áå=î~êá~ÄäÉë=EÖÉåÇÉê=áÇÉçäçÖó=ÉíÅFK=eçïÉîÉêI=
íÜÉ= ïçêâ= çêáÉåí~íáçå= çÑ= íÜÉ= ã~å= êÉã~áåë= ÉëéÉÅá~ääó= áãéçêí~åíK= cçê= ãçÇÉä= P= íÜÉ=
Éñéä~áåÉÇ= î~êá~åÅÉ= Ü~ë= áåÅêÉ~ëÉÇ= ïáíÜ= PKOB= Åçãé~êÉÇ= íç= ãçÇÉä= OK= qÜÉ= Éñéä~áåÉÇ=
î~êá~åÅÉ= çÑ= íÜáë= ãçÇÉä= áë= ãìÅÜ= ÜáÖÜÉê= íÜ~å= Ñçê= íÜÉ= ãçÇÉä= çÑ= ïçãÉåW= ONKSB=
Åçãé~êÉÇ=íç=NTKVB=Ñçê=ïçãÉåK=
=
cçê= ïçãÉå= ~ÖÉ= êÉã~áåë= ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åí= áå= ~ää= ãçÇÉäëW= áí= áë= ãçêÉ= äáâÉäó= íÜ~í= íÜÉ=
Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= áë= Éèì~ä= ïÜÉå= íÜÉ= ïçãÉå= ~êÉ= óçìåÖÉêK= cçê= ãÉå= ~ÖÉ= çåäó=
ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åíäó=ÅçåíêáÄìíÉë=íç=ãçÇÉäë=N=~åÇ=OK==
UR=
q~ÄäÉ=QKP=içÖáëíáÅ=êÉÖêÉëëáçå=ãçÇÉäë=Ñçê=íÜÉ=ÅçìéäÉ=Ó=ÇÉéÉåÇÉåí=î~êá~ÄäÉW= Éèì~ä=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=í~ëâë=EÉèì~äZNI=ïáÑÉ=ÇçÉë=
ãçêÉZMF=
=
=
=
=
=
jçÇÉä=N=
=
`çìéäÉ=
=
jçÇÉä=O=
=
JKMRM=
KQONGG=
=
JKMUQ=
KQTMGG=
=
JKMUS=
KRRQGGG=
=
JKSRUGGG=
KQPTGGG=
JKRNTGGG=
=
JKPUOGG=
KQMQGGG=
JKQONGGG=
=
JKPNOG=
KOVUGGG=
JKPNPGG=
=
KMVR
KOPNG=
=
KMTR=
KNTR=
=
KNNN=
@=
KOMM
=
KPSUGGG=
=
KOVNGG=
=
KPNPGG
=
=
=
=
JKUTVGGG=
JKPONGG=
=
JKTMPGGG=
JKPMNGG=
=
=
=
=
=
JKMPPGGG=
JKPQV=
=
=
=
=
=
JKMPTGGG=
JKNMU=
=
JKMQS=
JKNPNGG=
JKNPPGGG=
=
JKMPPGGG=
JKNSM=
=
=
jçÇÉä=P=
=
bèì~äáíó=åçêã=
dÉåÇÉê=áÇÉçäçÖó=ïçã~å=
dÉåÇÉê=áÇÉçäçÖó=ã~å=
=
^ìíçåçãó=çêáÉåí~íáçå=
oÉä~íáçåëÜáé=ëí~íìë=
tçêâ=çêáÉåí~íáçå=ïçã~å=
tçêâ=çêáÉåí~íáçå=ã~å=
=
iÉ~êåáåÖJÑêçãJÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉ=
tçã~å=äáîÉÇ=ïáíÜ=é~êíåÉê=ÄÉÑçêÉ=
j~å=äáîÉÇ=ïáíÜ=é~êíåÉê=ÄÉÑçêÉ=
=
=
bñáí=çéíáçå=
lìíëçìêÅáåÖ=
=
qáãÉ=~î~áä~Äáäáíó=
jÉåÛë=êÉä~íáîÉ=ëÜ~êÉ=áå=é~áÇ=ïçêâ=
`ÜáäÇêÉå=äáîáåÖ=~í=ÜçãÉ=
=
oÉä~íáîÉ=êÉëçìêÅÉë=
bÇìÅ~íáçå~ä=äÉîÉä=Ö~é=
lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=ëí~íìë=Ö~é=
fåÅçãÉ=Ö~é=
=
oÉä~íáçåëÜáé=Çìê~íáçå=
`çåëí~åí=
=
=
k~ÖÉäâÉêâÉ=oO=
KNOV=
KNTO=
KNVN=
k=
=
OVPV=
OVPV=
OVPV=
=
q~ÄäÉ=QKP=ëÜçïë=íÜÉ=äçÖáëíáÅ=êÉÖêÉëëáçå=ãçÇÉäë=Ñçê=íÜÉ=ÅçìéäÉ=~ë=~=ïÜçäÉK=eÉêÉ=ïÉ=
áåÅäìÇÉÇ=íÜÉ=ÖÉåÇÉê=áÇÉçäçÖó=çÑ=íÜÉ=ïçã~å=~åÇ=íÜÉ=ã~åI=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=ëí~íìëI=íÜÉ=
ïçêâ=çêáÉåí~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ïçã~å=~åÇ= íÜÉ=ã~å=~åÇ= ïÜÉíÜÉê= íÜÉ= é~êíåÉêë=äáîÉÇ=ïáíÜ=~=
é~êíåÉê= ÄÉÑçêÉ= íÜÉ= ÅìêêÉåí= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéK= lìíëçìêÅáåÖI= íáãÉ= ~î~áä~Äáäáíó= ~åÇ= êÉä~íáîÉ=
êÉëçìêÅÉë=ïÉêÉ=~äëç=áåÅäìÇÉÇ=áå=íÜÉ=~å~äóëáëK=fåëíÉ~Ç=çÑ=~ÖÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉëéçåÇÉåíë=ïÉ=
ìëÉÇ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=Çìê~íáçå=Eáå=óÉ~êëF=~ë=~=Åçåíêçä=î~êá~ÄäÉK==
=
oÉã~êâ~ÄäÉ= áë= íÜÉ= ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åí= ÉÑÑÉÅí= çÑ= íÜÉ= ÖÉåÇÉê= áÇÉçäçÖó= çÑ= íÜÉ= ã~åK= få=
Åçåíê~ëí= íç= çìê= ÉñéÉÅí~íáçåë= Eevmlqebpfp= NFI= íÜÉ= äáâÉäáÜççÇ= íÜ~í= íÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ=
ÜçìëÉïçêâ=í~ëâë=áë=Éèì~ä=áë=ÜáÖÜÉê=ïÜÉå=ãÉå=Ü~îÉ=~=ãçêÉ=ãçÇÉêå=ÖÉåÇÉê=áÇÉçäçÖóK=
få= ~ÅÅçêÇ~åÅÉ= ïáíÜ= çìê= ÉñéÉÅí~íáçåë= íÜÉ= ÖÉåÇÉê= áÇÉçäçÖó= çÑ= ïçãÉå= ÇçÉë= åçí= éä~ó=
~åó= êçäÉK= qÜÉ= ~ìíçåçãó= çêáÉåí~íáçåI= ãÉ~ëìêÉÇ= Äó= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= ëí~íìë= çÑ= íÜÉ=
ÅçìéäÉ= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= ïçêâ= çêáÉåí~íáçå= çÑ= ÄçíÜ= é~êíåÉêëI= êÉã~áåë= îÉêó=áãéçêí~åíW= ~å= Éèì~ä=
Çáîáëáçå= áë= ãçêÉ= äáâÉäó= ïÜÉå= íÜÉ= ÅçìéäÉ= ÅçÜ~Äáíë= ~åÇ= ïÜÉå= íÜÉ= ïçã~å= áë= ëíêçåÖäó=
ïçêâJçêáÉåíÉÇK=^=ëíêçåÖ=ïçêâ= çêáÉåí~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ã~å=ÅçåíêáÄìíÉë=íç=~=ãçêÉ=ìåÉèì~ä=
ÇáëíêáÄìíáçåK= qÜÉ= ÉÑÑÉÅí= çÑ= äÉ~êåáåÖJÑêçãJÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉ= EäáîáåÖ= ïáíÜ= ~= é~êíåÉê= ÄÉÑçêÉF= áë=
çåäó= ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åí= Ñçê= ãÉå= ~åÇ= áë= êÉä~íÉÇ= íç= ~= ãçêÉ= Éèì~ä= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâK=
tÜÉíÜÉê=ïÉ=ÑçìåÇ=åç=ÉÑÑÉÅí=áå=íÜáë=~å~äóëáë=EÅçåíê~êó=íç=íÜÉ=~å~äóëáë=çÑ=ïçãÉå=çåäóF=
çÑ=äÉ~êåáåÖJÑêçãJÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ïçãÉå=áë=ìåÅäÉ~êW=íÜÉ=Åçåíêçä=î~êá~ÄäÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=
Çìê~íáçå= ãáÖÜí= ëìééêÉëë= ~å= ÉÑÑÉÅí= çÑ= íÜáë= î~êá~ÄäÉK= `çìéäÉë= íÜ~í= äáîÉ= íçÖÉíÜÉê= Ñçê= ~=
äçåÖÉê= éÉêáçÇ= çÑ= íáãÉ= Ü~îÉ= ~= ÜáÖÜÉê= äáâÉäáÜççÇ= çÑ= Ü~îáåÖ= ~å= ìåÉèì~ä= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ=
ÜçìëÉïçêâ=EêÉä~íáçåëÜáé=Çìê~íáçå=ï~ë=áåÅäìÇÉÇ=ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ=íÜÉ=~ÖÉë=çÑ=ãÉå=~åÇ=ïçãÉå=
ëíêçåÖäó= ÅçêêÉä~íÉÇFK= qÜÉ= Éñáí= çéíáçå= áë= ëíêçåÖäó= ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åí= áå= íÜÉëÉ= ãçÇÉäë= çÑ= íÜÉ=
ÅçìéäÉK= cáå~ääóI= êÉä~íáîÉ= êÉëçìêÅÉë= Ó= ~= ÖêÉ~íÉê= çÅÅìé~íáçå~ä= ëí~íìë= Ö~é= ~åÇ= áåÅçãÉ=
Ö~é=Ó=~êÉ=êÉä~íÉÇ=íç=~=ãçêÉ=ìåÉèì~ä=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâK=eçï=ïÉ=ëÜçìäÇ=áåíÉêéêÉí=
íÜÉ= ÑáåÇáåÖë= Ñçê= íÜÉ= ÅçìéäÉ= ~ë= ~= ïÜçäÉ= áå= êÉä~íáçå= íç= íÜÉ= ÑçêãÉê= ~å~äóëÉë= EãÉå= ~åÇ=
ïçãÉå=ëÉé~ê~íÉäóF=áë=ëçãÉíÜáåÖ=ïÉ=ïáää=ÇáëÅìëë=áå=íÜÉ=åÉñí=ëÉÅíáçåK=
=
=
QKR=`çåÅäìëáçå=~åÇ=ÇáëÅìëëáçå==
=
j~åó= ÅçìéäÉë= ~êÉ= ëíêìÖÖäáåÖ= íç= êÉÅçåÅáäÉ= íÜÉ= ÇÉã~åÇë= çÑ= íïç= àçÄë= ïáíÜ= ~= Ü~ééó=
Ñ~ãáäó= äáÑÉK= pç= Ñ~ê= ëÅÜçä~êë= Ü~îÉ= ÅçåÅÉåíê~íÉÇ= çå= áåÉèì~äáíó= áå= íÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ=
ÜçìëÉïçêâI= áå= íÜáë= ÅÜ~éíÉê= ïÉ= ÅçåÅÉåíê~íÉ=çå=íÜÉ=êÉîÉêëÉ= èìÉëíáçåW= tÜ~í= Éñéä~áåë=
~å=Éèì~ä=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ\=bîÉå=íÜçìÖÜ=Éèì~äáíó=áå=íÜ~í=Ççã~áå=çÑ=Ñ~ãáäó=äáÑÉ=áë=
åçí=~=ÑêÉèìÉåí=éÜÉåçãÉåçåI=áí=áë=áãéçêí~åí=íç=âåçï=ïÜÉå=áí=çÅÅìêë=~åÇ=ïÜ~í=Ñ~Åíçêë=
~êÉ= é~êíáÅìä~êäó= êÉëéçåëáÄäÉ= Ñçê= áíë= çÅÅìêêÉåÅÉK= tÉ= ÉñéÉÅíÉÇ= íÜ~í= ~= ãçêÉ= ÇÉí~áäÉÇ=
~å~äóëáë= çÑ= íÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâI= Ä~ëÉÇ= çå= Ç~í~= Ñêçã= ÄçíÜ= ãÉå= ~åÇ= ïçãÉåI=
ÅçìäÇ= ÅçåíêáÄìíÉ= íç= ~= ÄÉííÉê= áåëáÖÜíK= qÜÉêÉÑçêÉ= ïÉ= ÅçãÄáåÉÇ= ãçêÉ= ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=
UT=
Éñéä~å~íáçåë= ÑçìåÇ= áå= íÜÉ= äáíÉê~íìêÉ= íÜ~í= Å~å= ÄÉ= áÇÉåíáÑáÉÇ= ~ë= NF= í~ëâJëéÉÅáÑáÅ= åçêãë=
EhåáàåI= NVVQX= s~å= tÉä= ~åÇ= håáàåI= OMMSFI= OF= ÇçáåÖ= ÖÉåÇÉê= EtÉëí= ~åÇ= wáããÉêã~åI=
NVUTX= eçÅÜëÅÜáäÇI= NVUVFI= PF= ëçÅá~ä= ê~íáçå~äáíó= ~ééêç~ÅÜ= EiáåÇÉåÄÉêÖI= OMMTF= ~åÇ= QF=
äÉ~êåáåÖJÑêçãJÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉ= ~åÇ= ~ìíçåçãó= çêáÉåí~íáçå= EpçìíÜ= ~åÇ= péáíòÉI= NVVQX= _êáåÉë=
~åÇ=gçóåÉêI=NVVVFK=
qÜÉ=êÉëìäíë=çÑ=çìê=ëíìÇó=íÉ~ÅÜ=ìë=ïÜ~í=áë=Ü~ééÉåáåÖ=êÉÖ~êÇáåÖ=íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=
ÜçìëÉïçêâK= få= íÜÉ= ëçÅá~ä= ê~íáçå~äáíó= ~ééêç~ÅÜ= ~ééäáÉÇ= íç= íÜÉ= ÅçìéäÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=
EiáåÇÉåÄÉêÖI= OMMNLOMMTF= áí= áë= ~êÖìÉÇ= íÜ~í= é~êíåÉêë= ãáÖÜí= ìëÉ= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí= äçÖáÅë= áå=
ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí= ëáíì~íáçåëK= qÜÉëÉ= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí= äçÖáÅë= ~êÉ= ~ééäáÉÇ= áå= Iä~êÖÉÒ= ~åÇ= Iëã~ääÒ=
ÇÉÅáëáçåëK=dÉåÇÉê=áÇÉçäçÖó=áë= ÉñéÉÅíÉÇ= íç=áåÑäìÉåÅÉ=ä~êÖÉ=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=çÑ= é~êíåÉêë=~åÇ=
áåîçäîÉ= åÉÖçíá~íáçåK= pã~ää= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= çÑ= ÉîÉêóÇ~ó= äáÑÉ= Ó= ~åÇ= íÜìë= ÅçåÅÉêåáåÖ= íÜÉ=
Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= Ó= ~êÉ= åçí= ÉñéÉÅíÉÇ= íç= ÄÉ= ÖçîÉêåÉÇ= Äó= íÜÉ= ~Äëíê~Åí= Éèì~äáíó=
åçêãI= ïÜáÅÜ= áë= ~í= Ñáêëí= ëáÖÜí= ëìééçêíÉÇ= Äó= çìê= ÑáåÇáåÖëK= q~ëâJëéÉÅáÑáÅ= åçêãë= íç=
ÜçìëÉïçêâ=êÉëìäí=áå=ÉñéÉÅí~íáçåë=~Äçìí=ïÜáÅÜ=é~êíåÉê=Å~å=Çç=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=ÇçãÉëíáÅ=í~ëâë=
ÄÉííÉêK=jçêÉ=ÇÉäáÄÉê~íÉåÉëë=êÉÖ~êÇáåÖ=íÜáë=ÖÉåÇÉêJêÉéêçÇìÅíáîÉ=éêçÅÉëë=Ó=Äó=~=ëíêçåÖ=
~ìíçåçãó=çêáÉåí~íáçå=~ë=ïÉää=~ë=äÉ~êåáåÖJÑêçãJÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉ=Ó=ÅçåíêáÄìíÉë=Ñçê=ãÉå=~åÇ=
ïçãÉå= íç= ~= ãçêÉ= Éèì~ä= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâK= qÜÉ= ïçêâ= çêáÉåí~íáçå= çÑ= ïçãÉåI=
ÅçÜ~Äáí~íáçå= çÑ= íÜÉ= ÅçìéäÉI= ~åÇ= ïÜÉíÜÉê= é~êíåÉêë= äáîÉÇ= ïáíÜ= ~åçíÜÉê= é~êíåÉê= ÄÉÑçêÉ=
íÜÉáê=ÅìêêÉåí=é~êíåÉê=~êÉ=~ää=Ñ~Åíçêë=íÜ~í=~êÉ=áãéçêí~åí=íç=~îçáÇ=íÜÉ=áåÑäìÉåÅÉ=çÑ=í~ëâJ
ëéÉÅáÑáÅ= åçêãëI= ÇçáåÖ= ÖÉåÇÉê= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= ãÉÅÜ~åáëã= çÑ= ëã~ää= ÇÉÅáëáçåëK= ^=ï~ó= çìí= çÑ=
íÜÉëÉ=áåÑäìÉåÅÉë=áë=íç=çìíëçìêÅÉ=íÜÉ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=í~ëâëK==
dìéí~=EOMMTF=éçáåíë= íç= íÜÉ= áãéçêí~åÅÉ= çÑ= ÉÅçåçãáÅ= ~ìíçåçãóK=eÉ=ÑáåÇë= íÜ~í=
ïçãÉåÛë=É~êåáåÖë=~êÉ=ãçêÉ=áãéçêí~åí=íÜ~å=êÉä~íáîÉ=É~êåáåÖë=çê=íÜÉ=ãÉåÛë=É~êåáåÖëK=
tçãÉå= ïáíÜ= ÜáÖÜÉê= É~êåáåÖë= EÅçãé~êÉÇ= íç= çíÜÉê= ïçãÉåF= ëéÉåÇ= äÉëë= íáãÉ= çå=
ÜçìëÉïçêâK= eÉ= ~êÖìÉë= íÜ~í= ïÜÉå= ïçãÉå= É~êå= ~= ÅçåëáÇÉê~ÄäÉ= ~ãçìåí= çÑ= ãçåÉóI=
íÜÉó=ã~ó=ÇÉÅáÇÉ=íç=éìêÅÜ~ëÉ=ã~êâÉí=ëìÄëíáíìíÉëI=çê=ëÉêîáÅÉëI=Ñçê=ÇçãÉëíáÅ=ïçêâK=_ìí=
áí= ãáÖÜí= ÄÉ= ~åçíÜÉê= ãÉÅÜ~åáëã= íÜ~í= áë= êÉëéçåëáÄäÉ= Ñçê= íÜáë= ÑáåÇáåÖW= áåëíÉ~Ç= çÑ=
ÉÅçåçãáÅ=~ìíçåçãó=áí=ãáÖÜí=ÄÉ=íÜÉ=IìåçÄëÉêîÉÇ=ÅçããáíãÉåí=çê=~íí~ÅÜãÉåí=íç=íÜÉ=
ä~Äçê= ÑçêÅÉÒ= Edìéí~I= OMMTI= éK= QNQFK= qÜ~í= íÜÉ= ïçêâ= çêáÉåí~íáçå= E~= ãçêÉ= åçêã~íáîÉ=
~ìíçåçãó= î~äìÉF= çÑ= ïçãÉå= áë= ÉëéÉÅá~ääó= áãéçêí~åí= Ñçê= ~å= Éèì~ä= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ=
ÜçìëÉïçêâ=ï~ë=ÑçìåÇ=áå=íÜáë=ÅÜ~éíÉêK=^=ëíêçåÖ=ÑçÅìë=çÑ=ïçãÉå=çå=íÜÉáê=ïçêâ=Å~êÉÉê=
áë=äáâÉäó=íç=äÉí=ÜÉê=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉ=íÜÉ=íáãÉ=Åçåëíê~áåíë=ãçêÉ=ëÉîÉêÉäó=EáKÉK=íÜÉ=çééçêíìåáíó=
Åçëíë= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= áå= Åçãé~êáëçå= íç= é~áÇ= ïçêâ= áåÅêÉ~ëÉFI= íÜÉêÉÄó= áåÅêÉ~ëáåÖ=
Éèì~äáíóK=
fåÅäìÇáåÖ=~ää=î~êá~ÄäÉë=çå=ÅçìéäÉ=äÉîÉä=Eq~ÄäÉ=QKPF=ÖáîÉë=~=ëäáÖÜíäó=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=îáÉïK=
^ìíçåçãó=çêáÉåí~íáçå=~åÇ=çìíëçìêÅáåÖ=êÉã~áå=îÉêó=áãéçêí~åí=Ñçê=~å=Éèì~ä=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=
ÜçìëÉïçêâK=iÉ~êåáåÖ=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉ=äçëÉë=Éñéä~å~íçêó=éçïÉêK=cìêíÜÉêãçêÉI=áå=äáåÉ=ïáíÜ=
ÑáåÇáåÖë= çÑ= mêÉëëÉê= ENVVQF= ~åÇ= _ìä~åÇ~= EOMMQFI= Äìí= áå= Åçåíê~ëí= íç= çìê= ÉñéÉÅí~íáçåëI=
UU=
íÜÉ=ÖÉåÇÉê=áÇÉçäçÖó=çÑ=ãÉå=éä~óë=~=êçäÉ=áå=íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=áÑ=ïÉ=áåÅäìÇÉ=~ää=
î~êá~ÄäÉë= çå= ÅçìéäÉ= äÉîÉäK= jçÇÉêå= ãÉå= ~êÉ= äáâÉäó= íç= ÅçåíêáÄìíÉ= íç= ~= ãçêÉ= Éèì~ä=
Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= ïçêâI=íê~Çáíáçå~ä=ãÉå= íç=~=ãçêÉ= ìåÉèì~ä=ÇáîáëáçåK=eçïÉîÉêI=~=
ä~êÖÉ= åìãÄÉê= çÑ= ãÉå= ïáíÜ= ÉÖ~äáí~êá~å= ~ííáíìÇÉë= ëíáää= Ü~îÉ= ~å= ìåÉèì~ä= ÇáîáëáçåW= íÜÉ=
éÉêÅÉåí~ÖÉ=çÑ=ÅçìéäÉë=ïáíÜ=~å=Éèì~ä=Çáîáëáçå=ï~ë=OQI=íÜÉ=éÉêÅÉåí~ÖÉ=çÑ=ãÉå=ïáíÜ=~å=
ÉÖ~äáí~êá~å=~ííáíìÇÉ=ï~ë=UOKRK=få=äáåÉ=ïáíÜ=çìê=íÜÉçêÉíáÅ~ä=éÉêëéÉÅíáîÉI=ÖÉåÇÉê=áÇÉçäçÖó=
Å~ååçí=ÄÉ=ÉñéÉÅíÉÇ=íç=Éñéä~áå=ãìÅÜ=çÑ=íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=ïçêâK=eçïÉîÉêI=ïÉ=
ã~ó=ÅçåÅäìÇÉ=íÜ~í=íê~Çáíáçå~äáëã=çÑ=ãÉå=ÇçÉë=åçí=áå=Ñ~Åí=ÅçåíêáÄìíÉ=íç=ãçêÉ=Éèì~äáíóK=
=
qÜÉ= ~å~äóëÉë= çÑ= ïçãÉå= ~åÇ= ãÉå= ëÉé~ê~íÉäó= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= ~å~äóëáë= çå= íÜÉ= ÅçìéäÉ=
äÉîÉä=ëÜçï=~=ëäáÖÜíäó=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=îáÉïK=fí=áë=ÇáÑÑáÅìäí=íç=áåíÉêéêÉí=íÜÉëÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉëK=qÜÉ=
ÅäÉ~êÉëí= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉ= ÄÉíïÉÉå= íÜÉ= íïç= ~å~äóëÉë= áë= ÑçìåÇ= áå= íÜÉ= ÖÉåÇÉê= áÇÉçäçÖó= çÑ=
ãÉåK= qÜÉ= ~å~äóëáë= çå= íÜÉ= ÅçìéäÉ= äÉîÉä= ãáÖÜí= Ü~îÉ= íÜÉ= ~Çî~åí~ÖÉ= çÑ= ÄÉáåÖ= ~= ÄÉííÉê=
êÉéêÉëÉåí~íáçå= çÑ= íÜÉ= áåíÉê~Åíáçåë= çÑ= íÜÉ= ÅçìéäÉ= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= ÅçãéäÉñáíó= áå= Ñ~Åíçêë= íÜ~í=
ÅçåíêáÄìíÉ= íç= Éèì~äáíóK= qÜÉ= ~å~äóëÉë= çÑ= ïçãÉå= ~åÇ= ãÉå= ëÉé~ê~íÉäó= ÜçïÉîÉê= ãáÖÜí=
Ü~îÉ= íÜÉ= ~Çî~åí~ÖÉ= çÑ= ÄÉáåÖ= ~= ÄÉííÉê= êÉéêÉëÉåí~íáçå= çÑ= íÜÉ= áåÇáîáÇì~ä= Ñ~Åíçêë= íÜ~í=
ÅçåíêáÄìíÉ=íç=Éèì~äáíó=~åÇ=íÜÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë=ÄÉíïÉÉå=ïçãÉå=~åÇ=ãÉå=áå=íÜáë=êÉëéÉÅíK==
=
^= äáãáí~íáçå= çÑ= íÜáë= ëíìÇó= ãáÖÜí= ÄÉ= íÜ~í= ïÉ= ÉñÅäìÇÉÇ= íÜÉ= RB= ÅçìéäÉë= ïáíÜ= ~=
êÉîÉêëÉ=é~ííÉêå=áå=íÜÉáê=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=Ç~í~=EïÜÉêÉ=íÜÉ=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçå=
çÑ= íÜÉ= ïáÑÉ= ï~ë= ÄÉäçï= QOBFK= qÜáë= ï~ë= ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ= ïÉ= ï~åíÉÇ= íç= âåçï= ïÜ~í= Ñ~Åíçêë=
ÅçåíêáÄìíÉ= íç= ~å= Éèì~ä= Çáîáëáçå= áå= Åçãé~êáëçå= ïáíÜ= ~å= ìåÉèì~ä= Çáîáëáçå= ïÜÉêÉ= íÜÉ=
ïáÑÉ=ÇçÉë=ãçêÉ=íÜ~å=íÜÉ=ÜìëÄ~åÇK=c~Åíçêë=íÜ~í=ÅçåíêáÄìíÉ=íç=~=êÉîÉêëÉ=é~ííÉêå=Ó=íÜÉ=
ÜìëÄ~åÇ= ÇçÉë= ãçêÉ= íÜ~å= íÜÉ= ïáÑÉ= Ó= ãáÖÜí= ÖáîÉ= ~ÇÇáíáçå~ä= áåÑçêã~íáçå= çå= íÜÉ=
ãÉÅÜ~åáëã=çÑ=ä~êÖÉ=~åÇ=ëã~ää=ÇÉÅáëáçåëK==
UV=
=
VM=
=
=
`Ü~éíÉê=R=
=
=
j~êáí~ä=Ü~ééáåÉëë=~åÇ=ÖÉåÇÉê=áåÉèì~äáíó=çîÉê=
íÜÉ=Ñ~ãáäó=äáÑÉ=ÅçìêëÉ=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
^Äëíê~Åí=
få=íÜáë=ëíìÇóI=íÜÉ=~ìíÜçêë=Éñ~ãáåÉ=î~êáçìë=ÇÉíÉêãáå~åíë=çÑ=ã~êáí~ä=Ü~ééáåÉëë=çÑ=ïçãÉå=~åÇ=
ãÉå= áå= ~= äáÑÉ= ÅçìêëÉ= éÉêëéÉÅíáîÉK= cçìê= ëí~ÖÉë= çÑ= íÜÉ= äáÑÉ= ÅçìêëÉ= ~êÉ= ÇáëíáåÖìáëÜÉÇW= éêÉJ
é~êÉåí~äI=ÅÜáäÇJêÉ~êáåÖI=Éãéíó=åÉëí=~åÇ=êÉíáêÉãÉåíK=fåëáÖÜí=áåíç=ä~êÖÉ=~åÇ=ëã~ää=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=~åÇ=
êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ= áåîÉëíãÉåíë= ÅçåíêáÄìíÉ= íç= çìê= ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ= çÑ= ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëë= áå=
ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí= äáÑÉ= ÅçìêëÉ= ëí~ÖÉëK= aÉíÉêãáå~åíë= Ñçê= ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëë= çÑ= ïçãÉå= ~êÉ= ÉèìáíóI=
ëìééçêí= ~åÇ= ëÜ~êÉÇ= ~ÅíáîáíáÉëI= Ñçê= ãÉå= áí= áë= Üáë= ïçêâ= Ü~ééáåÉëë= ~åÇ= êÉÅÉáîáåÖ= éÉêëçå~ä=
ëìééçêíK= bèìáíó= áë= áãéçêí~åí= Ñçê= íÜÉ= ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëë= çÑ= ïçãÉå= áå= íÜÉ= ÅÜáäÇJêÉ~êáåÖ= ~åÇ=
Éãéíó= åÉëí= ëí~ÖÉëI= Ñçê= ãÉå= áí= áë= ÉëéÉÅá~ääó= áãéçêí~åí= ~ÑíÉê= êÉíáêÉãÉåí= E~åÇ= íÜìë= ~ÑíÉê=
ÅÜ~åÖÉë=áå=íÜÉáê=é~áÇ=ïçêâ=Å~êÉÉêëFK=tçãÉå=áå=íÜÉ=Éãéíó=åÉëí=ëí~ÖÉ=~êÉ=Ü~ééáÉê=ïÜÉå=íÜÉáê=
ÜìëÄ~åÇë= ëìééçêí= íÜÉã= ïÜÉå= íÜÉó= ~êÉ= ïçêêáÉÇ= ~åÇ= Ü~îÉ= ÜÉ~äíÜ= éêçÄäÉãëI= ~åÇ= ÉëéÉÅá~ääó=
ïÜÉå= íÜÉó= ëìééçêí= íÜÉã= áå= éÉêëçå~ä= ã~ííÉêë= ~åÇ= ïÜÉå= íÜÉó= ìåÇÉêí~âÉ= äÉáëìêÉ= ~ÅíáîáíáÉë=
íçÖÉíÜÉêK= pÜ~êÉÇ= ~ÅíáîáíáÉë= ~êÉ= äÉëë= áãéçêí~åí= Ñçê= íÜÉ= ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëë= çÑ= çäÇÉê= ãÉåK=
tçãÉå= áå= íÜÉ= êÉíáêÉãÉåí= ëí~ÖÉ= ÑáåÇ= åÉï= ëçìêÅÉë= çÑ= ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëë=îá~= îçäìåíÉÉê=ïçêâK=
qÜÉ=Ç~í~=ÅçãÉ=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë=háåëÜáé=m~åÉä=píìÇó=EkhmpFK=
=
`Ü~éíÉê=R=
=
=
=
j~êáí~ä=Ü~ééáåÉëë=~åÇ=ÖÉåÇÉê=áåÉèì~äáíó=çîÉê=íÜÉ=Ñ~ãáäó=äáÑÉ=
NO
ÅçìêëÉ =
=
=
RKN=fåíêçÇìÅíáçå=
=
få= íÜÉ= é~ëí= ÅÉåíìêó= íÜÉ= äáÑÉ= ÉñéÉÅí~åÅó= çÑ= éÉçéäÉ= Ü~ë= áåÅêÉ~ëÉÇ= ÅçåëáÇÉê~ÄäóK= ^ë= ~=
ÅçåëÉèìÉåÅÉ= íÜÉ= éÉêáçÇ= áå= ïÜáÅÜ= é~êÉåíë= Å~êÉ= Ñçê= íÜÉáê= ÖêçïáåÖ= ìé= ÅÜáäÇêÉå= Ü~ë=
ÄÉÅçãÉ= ~= êÉä~íáîÉäó= ëã~ääÉê= é~êí= çÑ= íÜÉáê= äáÑÉ= ÅçìêëÉ= EiáÉÑÄêçÉê= ~åÇ= aóâëíê~I= OMMMFK=
qÜÉ=êÉä~íáîÉ=äÉåÖíÜ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÚÉãéíó=åÉëí=ëí~ÖÉÛ=Ü~ë=áåÅêÉ~ëÉÇK=qÜÉ=Éãéíó=åÉëí=ëí~ÖÉ=áë=
íÜÉ= éÉêáçÇ= áå= ïÜáÅÜ= ~ää= ÅÜáäÇêÉå= Ü~îÉ= äÉÑí= íÜÉ= é~êÉåí~ä= ÜçãÉ= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= é~êÉåíë= ëí~ó=
ÄÉÜáåÇK= qÜáë= éÉêáçÇ=Å~å= ÄÉ= ÅçåëáÇÉêÉÇ=~å= ~Åíì~ä= éÜ~ëÉ= áå= íÜÉ= äáÑÉ=ÅçìêëÉ= çåäó= ëáåÅÉ=
íÜÉ=ÑáÑíáÉë=çÑ=íÜÉ=íïÉåíáÉíÜ=ÅÉåíìêó=EdäáÅâI=NVTTX=aóâëíê~I=OMMQFK==
jçëí=ëíìÇáÉë=çå=íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ä~Äçê=ÄÉíïÉÉå=é~êíåÉêë=ÑçÅìë=çå=É~êäó=ëí~ÖÉë=
áå= íÜÉ= Ñ~ãáäó= äáÑÉ= ÅóÅäÉW= íÜÉ= ëí~ÖÉë= çÑ= éêÉJé~êÉåíÜççÇ= ~åÇ=ÅÜáäÇJêÉ~êáåÖI= ëáåÅÉ= áí= áë= áå=
íÜÉëÉ= ëí~ÖÉë= Ó= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= íê~åëáíáçå= Ñêçã= íÜÉ= ÑçêãÉê= íç= íÜÉ= ä~ííÉê= Ó= íÜ~í= ÖÉåÇÉê=
áåÉèì~äáíó=áë=ÉñéÉÅíÉÇ=íç=ÅçãÉ=~Äçìí=EÉKÖK=gçÜåëçå=~åÇ=eìëíçåI=NVVUX=s~å=ÇÉê=iáééÉI=
NVVVLOMMMX= häìïÉêI= eÉÉëáåâI= ~åÇ= s~å= ÇÉ= säáÉêíI= OMMOFK= pçãÉ= ëÅÜçä~êë= Çç= ÜçïÉîÉê=
ÑçÅìë=çå=íÜÉ=íê~åëáíáçå=íç=êÉíáêÉãÉåí=çê=íÜÉ=Ñ~ãáäó=äáÑÉ=ÅóÅäÉ=~ë=~=ïÜçäÉ=EoÉñêç~í=~åÇ=
pÜÉÜ~åI= NVUTX= açêÑã~å= ~åÇ= eÉÅâÉêíI= NVUUX= `çäíê~åÉ= ~åÇ= fëÜááJhìåíòI= NVVOX=
pòáåçî~ÅëI=NVVOI=OMMMX=t~êÇI=NVVPX=pçäçãçåI=^ÅçÅâI=~åÇ=t~äâÉêI=OMMQF=çê=éçáåí=íç=
íÜÉ=Ñ~Åí=íÜ~í=ÖÉåÇÉê=~åÇ=~ÖáåÖ=Ü~îÉ=ê~êÉäó=ÄÉÉå=ëíìÇáÉÇ=áå=íÉêãë=çÑ=íÜÉáê=ÅçãÄáåÉÇ=
áåÑäìÉåÅÉ=E^êÄÉê=~åÇ=dáååI=NVVRX=`~ä~ë~åíáI=OMMPI=h~ìÑã~å=~åÇ=q~åáÖìÅÜáI=OMMSFK==
háã= ~åÇ= jçÉå= EOMMOF= ~êÖìÉ= íÜ~í= ïÉ= Ü~îÉ= áåÅêÉ~ëáåÖäó= íïç= êÉíáêÉãÉåí=
íê~åëáíáçåë=åçï=íÜ~í=ïçãÉå=~êÉ=ãçêÉ=~åÇ=ãçêÉ=é~êíáÅáé~íáåÖ=çå=íÜÉ=ä~Äçê=ã~êâÉíW=Üáë=
~åÇ= ÜÉêëK= qÜÉó= ÅçåÅäìÇÉ= íÜ~í= íÜÉ= ÑáåÇáåÖë= ãçëí= ë~äáÉåí= íç= ïçãÉåÛë= íê~åëáíáçå= íç=
êÉíáêÉãÉåí=Ü~îÉ=åçí=óÉí=ÄÉÉå=áÇÉåíáÑáÉÇ=~åÇ=íÜ~í=êÉíáêÉãÉåí=áë=åçí=ëáãéäó=~=ëí~íÉ=Äìí=
~=ÅçãéäÉñ=éêçÅÉëëI=ÉãÄÉÇÇÉÇ=áå=éêáçê=éëóÅÜçäçÖáÅ~ä=êÉëçìêÅÉë=~ë=ïÉää=~ë=ÖÉåÇÉêÉÇ=
ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉëK=qÜÉáê=ÑáåÇáåÖë=~äëç=ëìÖÖÉëí=íÜ~í=ÄçíÜ=ëéçìëÉë=ëÉÉ=~=ã~åÛë=êÉíáêÉãÉåí=
~ë= ~= Ñ~ãáäó= ÉîÉåíI= Äìí= ~= ïçã~åÛë= êÉíáêÉãÉåí= áë= îáÉïÉÇ= ãçêÉ= ~ë= ~å= áëçä~íÉÇ=
çÅÅìêêÉåÅÉI= ÉñÅÉéí= ïÜÉå= áí= ÅäçëÉäó= Ñçääçïë= ÜÉê= ÜìëÄ~åÇÛë= êÉíáêÉãÉåíK= qÜ~í= áí= áë=
é~êíáÅìä~êäó= áãéçêí~åí= íç= ÑçÅìë= ~äëç= çå= ïçãÉå= Å~å= ÄÉ= ÅçåÑáêãÉÇ= Äó= ~= ëíìÇó= çÑ= s~å=
NO
= qÜáë= ÅÜ~éíÉê= áë= ÅçJ~ìíÜçêÉÇ= ïáíÜ= qêìÇáÉ= håáàåI= mÉ~êä= aóâëíê~= ~åÇ= páÖá= iáåÇÉåÄÉêÖ= ~åÇ= Ü~ë= ÄÉÉå=
ëìÄãáííÉÇ=Ñçê=éìÄäáÅ~íáçå=áå=~å=áåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=àçìêå~äK=
VP=
pçäáåÖÉ=~åÇ=eÉåâÉë=EOMMRFI=ïÜç=ÑáåÇ=~ÇàìëíãÉåí=íç=êÉíáêÉãÉåí=ïáíÜáå=ÅçìéäÉë=íç=ÄÉ=
~= ãçêÉ= çê= äÉëë= áåÇáîáÇì~äáëíáÅ= éêçÅÉëëX= íÜÉ= ÉñíÉåí= íç= ïÜáÅÜ= é~êíåÉêë= áåÑäìÉåÅÉ= É~ÅÜ=
çíÜÉê= ~ééÉ~êë= íç= ÄÉ= äáãáíÉÇK= ^ÇàìëíãÉåí= íç= êÉíáêÉãÉåí= áë= ëíêçåÖäó= ÇÉíÉêãáåÉÇ= Äó=
ÖÉåÇÉêX= ïçãÉå= íÉåÇ= íç= Ü~îÉ= ÖêÉ~íÉê= éêçÄäÉãë= ~ÇàìëíáåÖ= íç= êÉíáêÉãÉåíI= ÄçíÜ= ~ë=
êÉíáêÉÉë=~åÇ=~ë=é~êíåÉêë=Es~å=pçäáåÖÉ=~åÇ=eÉåâÉëI=OMMRFK==
qÜÉêÉ= áë= ÉîáÇÉåÅÉ= íÜ~í= ÖÉåÇÉê= áåÉèì~äáíó= çÑ= ëéçìëÉë= ÅÜ~åÖÉë= çîÉê= íáãÉI=
ÉëéÉÅá~ääó= áå= êÉëéçåëÉ= íç= Ñ~ãáäó= íê~åëáíáçåë= ëìÅÜ= ~ë= é~êÉåíÜççÇI= ÅÜáäÇêÉå= äÉ~îáåÖ=
ÜçãÉI= çê= êÉíáêÉãÉåí= Epòáåçî~ÅëI= OMMMFK= eçïÉîÉêI= ãáñÉÇ= êÉëìäíë= ~êÉ= ÑçìåÇ= áå=
êÉíáêÉãÉåíK=pçãÉ=ëÅÜçä~êë=Ñçê=áåëí~åÅÉ=ÑáåÇ=êÉíáêÉÇ=ãÉå=íç=ÄÉÅçãÉ=ãçêÉ=áåîçäîÉÇ=áå=
ÜçìëÉïçêâ= EoÉñêç~í= ~åÇ= pÜÉÜ~åI= NVUTX= açêÑã~å= ~åÇ= eÉÅâÉêíI= NVUUX= pòáåçî~ÅëI=
OMMMFK= pçäçãçå= Éí= ~äK= EOMMQF= çå= íÜÉ= çíÜÉê= Ü~åÇ= ÑáåÇ= åç= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉ= áå= ãÉåÛë=
ÅçåíêáÄìíáçå= íç= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= ÄÉÑçêÉ= ~åÇ= ~ÑíÉê= êÉíáêÉãÉåíI= Åçåíê~êó= íç= ïÜ~í= íÜÉó=
ÉñéÉÅíÉÇK= kÉîÉêíÜÉäÉëëI= ÉñéÉÅí~íáçåë= ~Äçìí= íÜÉ= éçëíJêÉíáêÉãÉåí= éÜ~ëÉ= ~êÉ=
áãéçêí~åíK= eáäÄçìêåÉ= ENVVVFI= ïÜç= ëíìÇáÉÇ= íÜÉ= ÉÑÑÉÅí= çÑ= ãÉåÛë= êÉíáêÉãÉåí= çå= íÜÉ=
ã~êáí~ä= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= ÑçìåÇ= íÜ~í= ïçãÉå= ~åÇ= ãÉå= Ñ~ÅáåÖ= íÜÉ= ÜìëÄ~åÇÛë= êÉíáêÉãÉåí=
ãÉåíáçåÉÇ=ÜçéÉëI=ÑÉ~êë=~åÇ=ÉñéÉÅí~íáçåë=~Äçìí=íÜÉ=åÉï=ëáíì~íáçåK=qÜÉ=êÉëéçåÇÉåíë=
ïÉêÉ= ÉëéÉÅá~ääó= éêÉçÅÅìéáÉÇ= ïáíÜ= éçëëáÄäÉ= ÅÜ~åÖÉë= áå= íÜÉáê= ã~êáí~ä= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= ~åÇ=
Ü~ééáåÉëë= EÄìí= äÉëë= ïáíÜ= éê~ÅíáÅ~ä= ÅçåëáÇÉê~íáçåëFK= qÜÉ= ïçãÉå= áå= ÜÉê= ëíìÇó= ïÉêÉ=
ÜçéáåÖ=~åÇ=ÉñéÉÅíáåÖ=Úíç=Ü~îÉ=ãçêÉ=íáãÉ=íçÖÉíÜÉêÛI=ÚÇÉîÉäçé=åÉï=áåíÉêÉëíë=íçÖÉíÜÉêÛ=
~åÇ= ÚäÉ~êå= íç= ëÜ~êÉ= ~ÅíáîáíáÉëÛK= cÉÉåÉóI= mÉíÉêëçå= ~åÇ= kçääÉê= ENVVQF= ëìÖÖÉëí= íÜ~í=
ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ= é~êíåÉêë= ã~ó= Ü~îÉ= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí= ÉñéÉÅí~íáçåë= ~Äçìí= íÜÉ= Éãéíó= åÉëí= ëí~ÖÉI=
ëÉîÉê~ä=~ëéÉÅíë=çÑ=íÜÉáê=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=ã~ó=åÉÉÇ=íç=ÄÉ=êÉÇÉÑáåÉÇK=fÑ=Ç~áäó=êÉ~äáíó=áë=åçí=áå=
äáåÉ= ïáíÜ= ÉñéÉÅí~íáçåë= ~Äçìí= Éèìáíó= ~åÇ= ëÜ~êáåÖ= íáãÉ= ~åÇ= ~ÅíáîáíáÉëI= áí= ã~ó= Ü~îÉ=
ÅçåëÉèìÉåÅÉë=Ñçê=íÜÉ=ã~êáí~ä=Ü~ééáåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=é~êíåÉêëK==
lÑ= ÅçìêëÉI= ëíìÇáÉë= ~Äçìí= íÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= áå= êÉíáêÉãÉåí= é~êíáÅìä~êäó=
ÑçÅìë=çå=é~êíåÉêë=ÉåÇáåÖ=íÜÉáê= é~áÇ=ïçêâ=Å~êÉÉê=~åÇ=åçí=ëç=ãìÅÜ=çå=íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=
ÜçìëÉïçêâI= áåÅäìÇáåÖ= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= í~ëâë= ~ë= ïÉää= ~ë= ÅÜáäÇ= Å~êÉK= låÉ= ÉñÅÉéíáçå= áë= íÜÉ=
ëíìÇó= çÑ= oÉñêç~í= ~åÇ= pÜÉÜ~å= ENVUTFK= få= íÜÉáê= ëíìÇó= ~Äçìí= íÜÉ= Ñ~ãáäó= äáÑÉ= ÅóÅäÉ= ~åÇ=
ëéçìëÉëÛ= íáãÉ= áå= ÜçìëÉïçêâI= íÜÉó= í~âÉ= áåíç= ~ÅÅçìåí= íÜÉ= Éãéíó= åÉëí= ëí~ÖÉ= ~ë= ~=
ëÉé~ê~íÉ=ëí~ÖÉI=ÄÉÑçêÉ=êÉíáêÉãÉåíK=qÜÉ=íê~åëáíáçå=íç=íÜÉ=Éãéíó=åÉëí=ëí~ÖÉ=ã~êâë=íÜÉ=
ãçãÉåí=íÜ~í=~=ÅçìéäÉ=ÇçÉë=åçí=Ü~îÉ=íç=Çç=Ç~áäó=ÅÜáäÇ=Å~êÉ=í~ëâë=~åóãçêÉ=~åÇ=Ü~îáåÖ=
åç= ÅÜáäÇêÉå= äÉÑí= ~í= ÜçãÉ= ~äëç= ÇÉÅêÉ~ëÉë= ÜçìëÉïçêâI= äáâÉ= ÅäÉ~åáåÖ= ~åÇ= ÑÉíÅÜáåÖ=
ÖêçÅÉêáÉëK=qÜÉêÉ=ïáää=ÄÉ=ÑÉïÉê=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=êÉëáÇÉåíë=íç=ÅêÉ~íÉ=ÜçìëÉïçêâK=qÜÉ=Éãéíó=
åÉëí= ëí~ÖÉ= ã~ó= íÜìë= Ü~îÉ= ÅçåëÉèìÉåÅÉë= Ñçê= íÜÉ= ~ãçìåí= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâI= ÉëéÉÅá~ääó=
Ñçê=ïçãÉåI=ëáåÅÉ=íÜÉó=éÉêÑçêã=ãçëí=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅÜáäÇ=Å~êÉ=~åÇ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=í~ëâëK==
=
cêçã=íÜÉ=äáíÉê~íìêÉ=ïÉ=Å~å=ÅçåÅäìÇÉ=íÜ~í=ãáñÉÇ=êÉëìäíë=~êÉ=ÑçìåÇ=ïáíÜ=êÉÖ~êÇ=
íç= íÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= áå= êÉíáêÉãÉåíI= ~åÇ= íÜ~í= ëíìÇáÉë= ~Äçìí= íÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ=
ÜçìëÉïçêâ= áå= íÜÉ= Éãéíó= åÉëí= ëí~ÖÉ= ~êÉ= ê~êÉK= jçêÉçîÉêI= é~êíåÉêë= ~êÉ= ÅçåÅÉêåÉÇ=
VQ=
~Äçìí=íÜÉáê=ã~êáí~ä=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=~åÇ=Ü~ééáåÉëë=áå=íÜÉ=íê~åëáíáçå=íç=êÉíáêÉãÉåíI=ïçãÉå=
Ü~îÉ= ÖêÉ~íÉê=éêçÄäÉãë=áå=~ÇàìëíáåÖ=íç=êÉíáêÉãÉåíI=~åÇ=ÖÉåÇÉê=~åÇ=~ÖáåÖ=Ü~îÉ= ê~êÉäó=
ÄÉÉå= ëíìÇáÉÇ= áå= íÜÉáê= ÅçãÄáåÉÇ= áåÑäìÉåÅÉK= qÜÉ= èìÉëíáçåë= ïÉ= ïçìäÇ= äáâÉ= íç= ~åëïÉê=
~êÉ=íÜÉêÉÑçêÉW=Çç=íÜÉ=ÇÉíÉêãáå~åíë=çÑ=ã~êáí~ä=Ü~ééáåÉëë=çÑ=ïçãÉå=~åÇ=ãÉå=ÇáÑÑÉê=Äó=
äáÑÉ=ÅçìêëÉ=ëí~ÖÉ\=eçï=Å~å=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë=ÄÉíïÉÉå=ïçãÉå=~åÇ=ãÉå=ÄÉ=Éñéä~áåÉÇ\=
tÉ= ïáää= ~åëïÉê= çìê= êÉëÉ~êÅÜ= èìÉëíáçåë= Äó= ìëáåÖ= Ç~í~= Ñêçã= íÜÉ= kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë=
háåëÜáé= m~åÉä= píìÇó= EkhmpX= aóâëíê~I= h~äãáàåI= håáàåI= hçãíÉêI= iáÉÑÄêçÉêI= ~åÇ= jìäÇÉêI=
OMMRFK= cçìê= ëçìêÅÉë= çÑ= ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëë= ~êÉ= áåîÉëíáÖ~íÉÇW= ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉÇ= ÉèìáíóI=
ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉÇ=ëìééçêíI=ëÜ~êáåÖ=~ÅíáîáíáÉëI=~åÇ=ïçêâ=~åÇ=îçäìåíÉÉê=ïçêâK=
=
=
RKO=eóéçíÜÉëÉë=
=
qÜÉ=Ñ~ãáäó=äáÑÉ=ÅçìêëÉ=áë=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáòÉÇ=Äó=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=ëí~ÖÉëW=éêÉJé~êÉåí~äI=ÅÜáäÇJêÉ~êáåÖI=
Éãéíó= åÉëí= ~åÇ= êÉíáêÉãÉåíK= få= ÉîÉêó= ëí~ÖÉ= é~êíåÉêë= ã~ó= Ü~îÉ= åÉï= ÉñéÉÅí~íáçåë=
~Äçìí= íÜÉ= ëáíì~íáçå= ~åÇ= ëÉîÉê~ä= ~ëéÉÅíë= çÑ= íÜÉáê= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= ã~ó= åÉÉÇ= íç= ÄÉ= êÉJ
~êê~åÖÉÇK= oÉäÉî~åí= Ñçê= ~åëïÉêáåÖ= íÜÉ= èìÉëíáçå= ïÜÉå= ÅçìéäÉë= ïáää= êÉJ~êê~åÖÉ= ~åÇ=
ïÜÉå= íÜÉó= ïáää= åçí= áë= íÜÉ= ëçÅá~ä= ê~íáçå~äáíó= ~ééêç~ÅÜ= ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ= Äó= iáåÇÉåÄÉêÖ= EëÉÉ=
iáåÇÉåÄÉêÖI=OMMNFK=få=íÜáë=~ééêç~ÅÜI=áí=áë=~êÖìÉÇ=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=âáåÇ=çÑ=ê~íáçå~äáíó=Eçê=äçÖáÅF=
íÜ~í=áë=ìëÉÇ=áå=Üìã~å=áåíÉê~Åíáçå=ÇÉéÉåÇë=çå=íÜÉ=ëáíì~íáçåK=cçê=ÅçìéäÉëI=iáåÇÉåÄÉêÖ=
EOMMTF=Ü~ë=êÉÅÉåíäó=~ééäáÉÇ=íÜáë=~ééêç~ÅÜ=Äó=ã~âáåÖ=~=ÇáëíáåÅíáçå=ÄÉíïÉÉå= ä~êÖÉ=~åÇ=
ëã~ää=ÇÉÅáëáçåëK==
i~êÖÉ= ÇÉÅáëáçåëK= mÉçéäÉ= Ü~îÉ= ãÉåí~ä= ãçÇÉäë= ~Äçìí= íÜÉáê= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéK= ^=
ãÉåí~ä=ãçÇÉä=áë=~=ÚéêçíçíóéÉÛ=çÑ=~=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéX=Ñçê=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéë=EÉKÖK=íÜçëÉ=
ïáíÜ= ~= é~êíåÉêI= ÑêáÉåÇëI= ÅçääÉ~ÖìÉëF= áåÇáîáÇì~äë= ìëÉ= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí= ãÉåí~ä= ãçÇÉäëK= qÜÉ=
ãÉåí~ä=ãçÇÉä=çÑ=~=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=ÄÉíïÉÉå=é~êíåÉêë=ÖçîÉêåë=IÄáÖÒ=ÇÉÅáëáçåëI=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=
íÜ~í= ~ÑÑÉÅí= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= áíëÉäÑI= ëìÅÜ= ~ë= ïÜÉêÉ= íç= äáîÉI= Üçï= íç= ~êê~åÖÉ= ~åÇ= ëÜ~êÉ=
ëé~ÅÉ=áå=íÜÉ=ÜçìëÉI=ïÜÉíÜÉê=~åÇ=Üçï=ãìÅÜ=~=é~êíåÉê=ïçêâëI=ÄáÖ=ÉñéÉåëÉë=ëìÅÜ=~ë=
ÄìóáåÖ=~=Å~ê=çê=~=ÜçìëÉ=ÉíÅK=qÜÉ=äçÖáÅ=ìëÉÇ=áå=íÜÉëÉ=áåíÉê~Åíáçåë=áë=çåÉ=çÑ=Ä~ä~åÅáåÖ=
áåÇáîáÇì~ä=áåíÉêÉëíë=ïáíÜ=ëÜ~êÉÇ=îáÉïë=çÑ=ïÜ~í=íÜÉ=é~êíåÉê=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=Éåí~áäëNPK=qÜÉ=
ÇÉÅáëáçå=íç=êÉíáêÉ=Ñçê=áåëí~åÅÉ=Å~å=ÄÉ=êÉÖ~êÇÉÇ=~ë=~=ä~êÖÉ=ÇÉÅáëáçå=~åÇ=áë=áåÅêÉ~ëáåÖäó=
ÅçåëáÇÉêÉÇ= ~= IÅçìéäÉ= éÜÉåçãÉåçåÒ=Eháã= ~åÇ= jçÉåI=OMMOFK= ^äëç=êÉíáêÉãÉåí= ÄêáåÖë=
Ñçêï~êÇ= çíÜÉê= ä~êÖÉ= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= ëìÅÜ= ~ë= íÜÉ= ïçêâáåÖ= äáÑÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= åçí= êÉíáêáåÖ= é~êíåÉêëI=
Üçï= íç= ~êê~åÖÉ= äÉáëìêÉ= íáãÉ= ~åÇ= ïÜÉêÉ= íç= äáîÉK= j~åó= é~êíåÉêë= Çç= åçí= êÉíáêÉ=
ëáãìäí~åÉçìëäó=~åÇ=é~êíåÉêë=~ÖêÉÉ=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=çíÜÉê=é~êíåÉê=áåÑäìÉåÅÉë=íÜÉáê=êÉíáêÉãÉåí=
NP
=qÜÉ=ëçÅá~ä=åçêã=çÑ=Éèì~äáíó=áë=çÑíÉå=é~êí=çÑ=íÜÉ=ãÉåí~ä=ãçÇÉä=çÑ=íÜÉ=é~êíåÉê=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=EiáåÇÉåÄÉêÖI=
OMMTFK=bèì~äáíó=áë=áåÇÉÉÇ=ÑçìåÇ=íç=ÄÉ=~å=áåÅêÉ~ëáåÖäó=áãéçêí~åí=ÇáãÉåëáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=é~êíåÉê=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=
Es~å=ÇÉê=^îçêíI=NVUTFK=kÉÖçíá~íáçåë=~Äçìí=ä~êÖÉ=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=~êÉ=äáâÉäó=íç=ÄÉ=ÇáêÉÅíÉÇ=Äó=~=ãÉåí~ä=ãçÇÉä=
Ä~ëÉÇ=çå=Éèì~äáíó=EÄ~ä~åÅáåÖ=áåÇáîáÇì~ä=áåíÉêÉëíëFK=
VR=
ÇÉÅáëáçå=EpãáíÜ=~åÇ=jçÉåI=NVVUFK=fí=Å~ååçí=ÄÉ=~ëëìãÉÇ=ÜçïÉîÉê=íÜ~í=êÉíáêÉãÉåí=ïáää=
ê~ÇáÅ~ääó= ÅÜ~åÖÉ= íÜÉ= é~êíåÉê= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéX= é~íÜ= ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅóI= çå= íÜÉ= Åìëíçãë= ~åÇ=
Ü~Äáíë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ã~êáí~ä=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéI=ïáää=áåÑäìÉåÅÉ=íÜÉ=ï~ó=é~êíåÉêë=ÖáîÉ=ëÜ~éÉ=íç=íÜÉáê=
êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= ~ÑíÉê= êÉíáêÉãÉåíK= qÜÉëÉ= Åìëíçãë= ~åÇ= Ü~Äáíë= ~êÉ= ëÜ~éÉÇ= Äó= ëã~ää=
ÇÉÅáëáçåëK= m~íÜ= ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅó= íÜÉå= ãÉ~åë= íÜ~í= ÑçêãÉê= ÄÉÜ~îáçê~ä= é~ííÉêåë= EÅìëíçãë=
~åÇ=Ü~ÄáíëF=~åÇ=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=ÇÉíÉêãáåÉ=ÑìíìêÉ=ÄÉÜ~îáçê~ä=é~ííÉêåë=~åÇ=ÇÉÅáëáçåëK=
pã~ää=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=çÑ=ÉîÉêóÇ~ó=äáÑÉI=ëìÅÜ=~ë=ïÜç=ëÜçìäÇ=Åççâ=çê=ïÜç=ëÜçìäÇ=Çç=
íÜÉ= ÇáëÜÉëI= ~êÉ= åçí= ÖçîÉêåÉÇ= Äó= íÜÉ= ãÉåí~ä= ãçÇÉä= çÑ= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéK= o~íÜÉêI=
ÇÉÅáëáçåë=çå=ëìÅÜ=Ç~áäó=í~ëâë=~êÉ=äáâÉäó=íç=ÄÉ=ÇáêÉÅíÉÇ=Äó=~=ãÉÅÜ~åáëã=çÑ=ÉñéÉÅí~íáçå=
ëí~íÉë=áå=ïÜáÅÜ=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉ=~åÇ=ëíÉêÉçíóéáÅ~ä=åçíáçåë=äÉ~Ç=íç=ÉñéÉÅí~íáçåë=~Äçìí=ïÜç=
Å~å= ÑìäÑáää= íÜÉã= ÄÉííÉê= E_ÉêÖÉêI= NVTQFK= qÜÉ= äçÖáÅ= áå= ëìÅÜ= ëáíì~íáçåë= áë= çåÉ= çÑ=
ÅçãéÉíÉåÅÉI= åçí= áåíÉêÉëí= ~äáÖåãÉåí= ~åÇ= äáîáåÖ= ìé= íç= íÜÉ= ãÉåí~ä= ãçÇÉä= çÑ= íÜÉ=
êÉä~íáçåëÜáéK=qÜÉ=Åìãìä~íáîÉ=ÉÑÑÉÅíë=çÑ=ëìÅÜ=ëã~ää=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=ïáää=ÄÉ=~=ëí~íìë=ëíêìÅíìêÉ=
~äçåÖ=íÜÉ=äáåÉë=çÑ=éêÉëìãÉÇ=ÅçãéÉíÉåÅÉ=E_ÉêÖÉê=~åÇ=`çååçêI=NVTQX=oáÇÖÉï~ó=~åÇ=
t~äâÉêI= NVVRF= ïÜáÅÜ= áíëÉäÑ= êÉáåÑçêÅÉë= íÜÉ= ÉñéÉÅí~íáçåë= çÑ= Öêçïå= ÅçãéÉíÉåÅÉ= áå= ~ää=
ëã~ää= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= íç= ÅçãÉK= aìêáåÖ= Eíê~Çáíáçå~äF= ã~êêá~ÖÉ= ÄçíÜ= é~êíåÉêë= çÑíÉå= Ü~îÉ=
ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉÇ=íÜÉ=ïçã~å=íç=ÄÉ=~åÇ=ëíÉêÉçíóéáÅ~ääó=ÉñéÉÅíÉÇ=ÜÉê=íç=ÄÉ=ÄÉííÉê=áå=ã~åó=
ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= í~ëâë= íÜ~å= íÜÉ= ã~åK= sá~= íÜÉ= ãÉÅÜ~åáëã= çÑ= ëã~ää= ÇÉÅáëáçåëI= íÜáë= ÚÇçáåÖ=
ÖÉåÇÉêÛ=EtÉëí=~åÇ=wáããÉêã~åI=NVUTF=Ü~ë=ÅêÉ~íÉÇ=~=êÉáåÑçêÅáåÖ=éêçÅÉëë=íÜ~í=äÉ~Çë=íç=
Åìãìä~íáîÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë=áå=í~ëâ=~ëëáÖåãÉåí=íÜ~í=Ü~Ç=åÉîÉê=ÄÉÉå=åÉÖçíá~íÉÇ=çê=~ÖêÉÉÇ=
çå=~ë=~=é~Åâ~ÖÉ=~åÇ=íÜ~í=ãçêÉ=çê=äÉëë=ëáãéäó=Ü~ééÉåÉÇ=Es~å=ÇÉê=sáååÉI=NVVUFK==
pã~ää= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= ÅçåÅÉêå= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ= áåîÉëíãÉåíë= EbåÖä~åÇ= ~åÇ=
háäÄçìêåÉI=NVVMF=~åÇ=íÜÉáê=~ÅÅìãìä~íáçå=ïáää=Ü~îÉ=ÅçåëÉèìÉåÅÉë=Ñçê=íÜÉ=ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅó=
é~ííÉêå= çÑ= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= áå= ëìÄëÉèìÉåí= äáÑÉ= ÅçìêëÉ= ëí~ÖÉëK= oÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ=
áåîÉëíãÉåíë= ~êÉ= áåîÉëíãÉåíë= íÜ~í= ÅçåíêáÄìíÉ= íç= íÜÉ= ã~áåíÉå~åÅÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= Ñ~ãáäó= ~åÇ=
íÜÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéI=ëìÅÜ=~ë=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=ïçêâI=ÅÜáäÇ=Å~êÉ=~åÇ=ëéÉåÇáåÖ=íáãÉ=íçÖÉíÜÉê=~ë=~=
ÅçìéäÉW=ã~âáåÖ=é~êíåÉêë=ãçêÉ=ÇÉéÉåÇÉåí=çå=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéK=m~êíåÉêë=~äëç=Å~å=ã~âÉ=
éçêí~ÄäÉ=áåîÉëíãÉåíëI= áåîÉëíãÉåíë= íÜ~í=ÅçåíêáÄìíÉ=íç=é~êíåÉêëÛ=çïå=Üìã~å=çê=ëçÅá~ä=
Å~éáí~äI=ëìÅÜ=~ë=~=Å~êÉÉê=çê=ÑêáÉåÇë=çÑ=íÜÉáê=çïåW=ã~âáåÖ=é~êíåÉêë=ãçêÉ=áåÇÉéÉåÇÉåí=
çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéK=qç=Å~ää=~å=áåîÉëíãÉåí=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ=ãÉ~åë=íÜ~í=áí=Ü~ë=î~äìÉ=
çåäó= ïáíÜáå= íÜÉ= éêÉëÉåí= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéI= ~åÇ= ïçìäÇ= ÄÉ= çÑ= åç= ÄÉåÉÑáí= çìíëáÇÉ= ~=
NQ
êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= çê= áå= ~= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí= çåÉ K= qÜÉ= ãçêÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ= áåîÉëíãÉåíë= ~=
é~êíåÉê=ã~âÉë=çê=Ü~ë=ã~ÇÉI=íÜÉ=ãçêÉ=ÇÉéÉåÇÉåí=ÜÉ=çê=ëÜÉ=áë=çå=íÜÉ=Åçåíáåì~íáçå=çÑ=
íÜÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= Ñçê= âÉÉéáåÖ= íÜÉ= ÄÉåÉÑáíë= çÑ= íÜÉëÉ= áåîÉëíãÉåíëX= íÜÉ= ÄÉåÉÑáíë= çÑ=
NQ
=båÖä~åÇ=~åÇ=háäÄçìêåÉ=ENVVMF=~êÖìÉ=íÜ~í=áÑ=çåÉ=äÉ~îÉë=~=ã~êêá~ÖÉ=Ü~îáåÖ=ã~ÇÉ=ÖÉåÉê~ä=áåîÉëíãÉåíë=
áå=É~êåáåÖëI=çåÉ=Å~å=ëìêîáîÉ=ïáíÜçìí=~åçíÜÉê=ã~êêá~ÖÉK=`çåíê~êó=íç=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=í~ëâë=~ë=ëìÅÜI=íÜÉ=ëâáääë=
äÉ~êåÉÇ= ~ë= ~= ÚÜçãÉã~âÉêÛ= ~êÉ= éçêí~ÄäÉK= eçïÉîÉêI= çåÉ= åÉÉÇë= íç= ÑáåÇ= ~= åÉï= é~êíåÉê= çå= íÜÉ= ã~êêá~ÖÉ=
ã~êâÉí= íç= ÚÅ~ëÜ= áåÛ= íÜÉëÉ= áåîÉëíãÉåíëK= qÜáë= ã~âÉë= íÜÉëÉ= éçêí~ÄäÉ= áåîÉëíãÉåíë= äÉëë= ÚäáèìáÇÛ= íÜ~å=
ÖÉåÉê~ä=áåîÉëíãÉåíë=áå=É~êåáåÖëK=
VS=
éçêí~ÄäÉ= áåîÉëíãÉåíë= Å~å= ~äëç= ÄÉ= êÉ~äáòÉÇ= çìíëáÇÉ= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéK= fÑ= ÄçíÜ= é~êíåÉêë=
Ü~îÉ= ã~ÇÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ= áåîÉëíãÉåíë= íÜÉ= áåíÉêÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅÉ= ÄÉíïÉÉå= íÜÉã=
ïáää= áåÅêÉ~ëÉ= EoìëÄìäí= ~åÇ=s~å= i~åÖÉI= OMMPFK= fÑ= çåÉ= é~êíåÉêI= ÜçïÉîÉêI= Ü~ë=ã~ÇÉ= çê=
ëíáää= ã~âÉë= ãçêÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ= áåîÉëíãÉåíë= íÜ~å= íÜÉ= çíÜÉêI= áåíÉêÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅÉ=
íìêåë= áåíç= ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅÉK= tçãÉå= ~êÉ= ÅçåëáÇÉêÉÇ= íç= ã~âÉ= ãçêÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ=
áåîÉëíãÉåíë=íÜ~å=ãÉå=çîÉê=íÜÉ=ÅçìêëÉ=çÑ=äáÑÉ=EbåÖä~åÇ=~åÇ=háäÄçìêåÉI=NVVMI=båÖä~åÇ=
~åÇ= c~êâ~ëI= NVUSFK= eçïÉîÉêI= ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= ãÉÅÜ~åáëã= çÑ= ëã~ää= ÇÉÅáëáçåëI= íÜÉ=
~ëóããÉíêó= áå= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ= áåîÉëíãÉåí= áë= åçí= íÜÉ= êÉëìäí= çÑ= éçïÉê= çê=
åÉÖçíá~íáçå=EïáíÜ=~=ïáååÉê=çê=~=äçëÉêF=~åÇ=íÜìëI=Äó=áíëÉäÑI=ïáää=åçí=åÉÖ~íáîÉäó=áåÑäìÉåÅÉ=
ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëëK= få= ÖÉåÉê~äI= ïÉ= Å~å= ë~ó= íÜ~í= íÜÉ= ëÜ~êÉ= áå= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= Å~å= ÄÉ=
éêÉÇáÅíÉÇ= íç= ÄÉÅçãÉ= êÉäÉî~åí= Ñçê= ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëë= ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ= áí= ÅêÉ~íÉë= ÇáëíáåÅíáîÉ=
ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅó=é~ííÉêåëI=åçí=ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ=áí=áë=ãçêÉ=çê=äÉëë=ìåÉèì~äK=
_ÉÅ~ìëÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= ëíêçåÖ= ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅÉ= çå= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= EíÜêçìÖÜ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJ
ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=áåîÉëíãÉåíëFI=ã~êáí~ä=Ü~ééáåÉëë=Ñçê=íÜÉ= ïçã~å=ïáää=ÇÉéÉåÇ=èìáíÉ=ÜÉ~îáäó=çå=
E~F=Üçï=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=áå=ïÜáÅÜ=ëÜÉ=áåîÉëíë=ëç=ãìÅÜI=ïçêâë=çìí=Ñçê=ÜÉê=~ë=~=ïÜçäÉ=
EãÉ~ëìêÉÇ= Äó= ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉÇ= ÉèìáíóFI= ~åÇ= EÄF= Üçï= ãìÅÜ= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= ÖáîÉë= ÜÉê= áå=
íÉêãë=çÑ=ëÜ~êáåÖ=EÑêáÉåÇë=~åÇ=äÉáëìêÉ=íáãÉF=~åÇ=áå=íÉêãë=çÑ=ëìééçêí=Eî~êáçìë=ÑçêãëFK=
_ÉÅ~ìëÉ=íÜÉ= ã~å= ÇçÉë=åçí=áåîÉëí=ëç=ãìÅÜ=áå=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéI=Üáë=Ü~ééáåÉëë=
áå=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=áë=äáâÉäó=íç=ÄÉ=ãçêÉ=~=ÑìåÅíáçå=çÑ=Üáë=çîÉê~ää=Ü~ééáåÉëë=EÑçê=Éñ~ãéäÉ=
éêçñáÉÇ= Äó= ãÉ~åáåÖÑìä= ~ÅíáîáíáÉë= ëìÅÜ= ~ë= ïçêâ= ~åÇ= îçäìåíÉÉê= ïçêâF= ~åÇ= ïÜ~í= ÜÉ=
éÉêëçå~ääó=ÖÉíë=çìí=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=Eëìééçêí=Ñêçã=Üáë=ïáÑÉ=çå=íÜáåÖë=íÜ~í=ÅçåÅÉêå=
Üáã=éÉêëçå~ääóFK=_ÉÅ~ìëÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=~ëóããÉíêó=áå=êÉä~íáçå~ä=áåîÉëíãÉåíI=~äãçëí=~ää=ãÉå=
~êÉ= åÉí= ÄÉåÉÑáÅá~êáÉë= áå= íÉêãë= çÑ= ïÜ~í= íÜÉó= ÖÉí= çîÉê~ää= Ñêçã= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=
EãÉ~ëìêÉÇ=áå= íÉêãë=çÑ=ÉèìáíóF=~åÇ=íÜìë=íÜÉêÉ=ïáää=ÄÉ=E~F=äáííäÉ=î~êá~åÅÉ= áå= Éèìáíó=~åÇ=
åç=ÉÑÑÉÅí=çÑ=Éèìáíó=çå=ã~êáí~ä=Ü~ééáåÉëëK=
tÉ=ã~ÇÉ=íÜÉ=ÑçääçïáåÖ=éêÉÇáÅíáçåë=êÉÖ~êÇáåÖ= äáÑÉ=ÅçìêëÉ=ëí~ÖÉ= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë=áå=
ÇÉíÉêãáå~åíë=çÑ=ã~êáí~ä=Ü~ééáåÉëëW=
ENF= _ÉÅ~ìëÉ= íÜÉ= ~ëóããÉíêó= áå= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ= áåîÉëíãÉåí= Öêçïë= ïáíÜ=
íáãÉ=~åÇ=ÉëéÉÅá~ääó=ïáíÜ=Ü~îáåÖ=ÅÜáäÇêÉåI=ã~êáí~ä=Ü~ééáåÉëë=áå=íÜÉ=éêÉJé~êÉåí~ä=éÜ~ëÉ=
ïáää=ÄÉ=ÇÉíÉêãáåÉÇ=Äó=çíÜÉê=Ñ~Åíçêë=íÜ~å=ÉèìáíóI=ëìééçêíI=~åÇ=ëÜ~êÉÇ=~ÅíáîáíáÉë=Ñçê=íÜÉ=
ïçãÉåI= ~åÇ= ïçêâ= ~åÇ= ÉÖçJÅÉåíêÉÇ= ëìééçêí= Ñçê= íÜÉ= ã~åK= qÜìëI= Ñçê= ÄçíÜ= ãÉå= ~åÇ=
ïçãÉåI=íÜÉ=î~êá~åÅÉ=íÜ~í=Å~å=ÄÉ=Éñéä~áåÉÇ=Äó=ÉèìáíóI=ëìééçêíI=ëÜ~êÉÇ=~ÅíáîáíáÉë=~åÇ=
ïçêâ=ïáää=ÄÉ=ãìÅÜ=ëã~ääÉê=Ñçê=íÜÉ=éêÉJé~êÉåí~ä=éÜ~ëÉ=íÜ~å=Ñçê=ä~íÉê=éÜ~ëÉë=áå=íÜÉ=äáÑÉ=
ÅçìêëÉK==
EOF= _ÉÅ~ìëÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= ãÉÅÜ~åáëã= çÑ= ëã~ää= ÇÉÅáëáçåëI= íÜÉ= ~ëóããÉíêó= áå=
êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ=áåîÉëíãÉåí=çÑ=íÜÉ=ïçã~å=ïáää=Öêçï=çîÉê=íáãÉI=êÉ~ÅÜáåÖ=áíë=ÜáÖÜ=
ïÜÉå= íÜÉ= Éãéíó= åÉëí= ëí~ÖÉ= ÄÉÖáåëI= ã~âáåÖ= ÜÉê= ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëë= ÉîÉå= ãçêÉ=
ÇÉéÉåÇÉåí= çå= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= EÉèìáíóI= ëìééçêíI= ëÜ~êÉÇ= ~ÅíáîáíáÉëFI= ~åÇ= ã~âáåÖ= Üáë=
VT=
ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëë= ãçêÉ= ÇÉéÉåÇÉåí= çå= ïçêâ= ~åÇ= çå= ÉÖçJÅÉåíêÉÇ= ëìééçêí= Ñêçã= Üáë=
é~êíåÉêK=qÜìëI=íÜÉ=î~êá~åÅÉ=çÑ=ã~êáí~ä=Ü~ééáåÉëë=íÜ~í=Å~å=ÄÉ=Éñéä~áåÉÇ=Äó=íÜÉ=Ñ~Åíçêë=
íÜ~í= êÉä~íÉ= íç= íÜÉ= ~ëóããÉíêó= áå= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ= áåîÉëíãÉåí= áë= ä~êÖÉê= Ñçê= íÜÉ=
Éãéíó=åÉëí=ëí~ÖÉ=íÜ~å=Ñçê=íÜÉ=ÅÜáäÇJêÉ~êáåÖ=ëí~ÖÉK==
EPF= qÜÉ= ~ëóããÉíêó= áå= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ= áåîÉëíãÉåí= ïáää= Ü~îÉ= äÉÇ= íç= ã~åó=
Ü~Äáíë=áå=íÜÉ=ï~ó=äáÑÉ=áë=ëÜ~êÉÇ=çîÉê=íÜÉ=óÉ~êë=íÜ~í=ïáää=åçí=î~åáëÜ=~ÑíÉê=íÜÉ=ÅÜáäÇêÉå=
Ü~îÉ=äÉÑí=ÜçãÉK=eçïÉîÉêI=ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ=ÇìêáåÖ=íÜÉ=Éãéíó=åÉëí=ëí~ÖÉ=íÜÉ=ãÉÅÜ~åáëã=çÑ=
ëã~ää= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= áë= äáâÉäó= íç= ÄÉÅçãÉ= äÉëë= éêçãáåÉåíI= íÜÉ= ~ëóããÉíêó= áå= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJ
ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=áåîÉëíãÉåíë=ÄÉíïÉÉå=ïçãÉå=~åÇ=ãÉå=áë=äáâÉäó=íç=ÄÉÅçãÉ=ëçãÉïÜ~í=äÉëëK=
cçê= íÜáë= êÉ~ëçåI= ïÉ= Å~å= ÉñéÉÅí=Ñçê= íÜÉ= êÉíáêÉãÉåí= éÜ~ëÉ= ~= ãçÇÉëí= ÇÉÅêÉ~ëÉ= áå= íÜÉ=
ÇÉÖêÉÉ= íç= ïÜáÅÜ= ÉèìáíóI= ëìééçêí= ~åÇ= ëÜ~êÉÇ= ~ÅíáîáíáÉë= ïáää= ÅçåíêáÄìíÉ= íç= ã~êáí~ä=
Ü~ééáåÉëë= Ñçê= íÜÉ= ïçãÉåI= ~åÇ= ~= ãçÇÉëí= áåÅêÉ~ëÉ= áå= ïÜáÅÜ= Éèìáíó= ~åÇ= ëÜ~êÉÇ=
~ÅíáîáíáÉë= ÅçåíêáÄìíÉI= ~åÇ= ~= ãçÇÉëí= ÇÉÅêÉ~ëÉ= áå= ïÜáÅÜ= ïçêâ= J= îçäìåíÉÉê= ïçêâ= J=
ÅçåíêáÄìíÉë=íç=ã~êáí~ä=Ü~ééáåÉëë=Ñçê=ãÉåK=qÜÉ=éçáåí=ïáíÜ=Éèìáíó=áë=íÜ~í=çîÉê=íáãÉ=~åÇ=
ïáíÜ= êÉíáêÉãÉåíI= íÜÉ= ÜìëÄ~åÇë= ïáää= ÑÉÉä= ~= ÇÉÅäáåÉ= áå= ÄÉáåÖ= çîÉêÄÉåÉÑáííÉÇ= ~ë= íÜÉ=
ïçãÉå=ÄÉÅçãÉ=ëäáÖÜíäó=ãçêÉ=áåÇÉéÉåÇÉåíK=tÜÉå=ïçãÉå=äÉí=íÜÉã=ÑÉÉä=íÜáë=ÅÜ~åÖÉ=
ãçêÉI=íÜÉáê=ã~êáí~ä=Ü~ééáåÉëë=ïáää=ÄÉ=ãçêÉ=åÉÖ~íáîÉäó=~ÑÑÉÅíÉÇK==
EQF= _ÉÅ~ìëÉ= íÜÉ= ïçã~åÛë= ëÜ~êÉ= áå= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= áë= äáâÉäó= íç= ÄÉ= íÜÉ= Åìãìä~íáîÉ=
êÉëìäí= çÑ= ëã~ää= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= ~åÇ= åçí= çÑ= åÉÖçíá~íáçåë= EïÜáÅÜ= Å~å= Ü~îÉ= ~= ïáååÉê= ~åÇ= ~=
äçëÉêFI= ÜÉê= ëÜ~êÉ= áå= íÜÉ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= ïáää= åçí= ~ÑÑÉÅí= ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëë= ~Åêçëë= íÜÉ= äáÑÉ=
ÅçìêëÉK=
få= íÜÉ= åÉñí= ëÉÅíáçåë= ïÉ= ïáää= íÉëí= íÜÉ= ÖÉåÉê~ä= ~åÇ= äáÑÉ= ÅçìêëÉ= éêÉÇáÅíáçåë= Ñçê=
ïçãÉå= ~åÇ= ãÉå= ëÉé~ê~íÉäóK= tÉ= ïáää= ìëÉ= Ç~í~= Ñêçã= íÜÉ= kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë= háåëÜáé= m~åÉä=
píìÇóK==
=
=
VU=
RKP=a~í~=~åÇ=ãÉíÜçÇë=
=
qÜÉ= Ç~í~= ÅçãÉ= Ñêçã=íÜÉ=Ñáêëí= ï~îÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë= háåëÜáé=m~åÉä=píìÇó= EkhmpX=
aóâëíê~I= Éí= ~äKI= OMMRFK= qÜÉ= khmp= áë= ~= ä~êÖÉ= ëÅ~äÉ= Ç~í~= ÅçääÉÅíáçå= ~ãçåÖ= ~=
êÉéêÉëÉåí~íáîÉ= ë~ãéäÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= aìíÅÜ= éçéìä~íáçå= çå= íÜÉ= ëìÄàÉÅí= çÑ= Ñ~ãáäó= ëçäáÇ~êáíóK=
qÜÉ=Ç~í~=ëÉí=Ü~ë=áåÑçêã~íáçå=çå=OVRS=ÅçìéäÉë=Eã~êêáÉÇ=~åÇ=ÅçÜ~ÄáíáåÖFK=qÜÉ=ÅçìéäÉë=
ïÉêÉ= ëÉäÉÅíÉÇ= áÑ= Ç~í~= ïÉêÉ= ~î~áä~ÄäÉ= çå= íÜÉ= çê~ä= áåíÉêîáÉï= ïáíÜ= íÜÉ= êÉëéçåÇÉåí=
E^åÅÜçêFI= íÜÉ= ëÉäÑJÅçãéäÉíáçå= èìÉëíáçåå~áêÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= êÉëéçåÇÉåí= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= ëÉäÑJ
ÅçãéäÉíáçå= èìÉëíáçåå~áêÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= é~êíåÉê= E^äíÉêFI= ~åÇ= ïÜÉå= êÉëéçåÇÉåíë= åÉîÉê= äáîÉÇ=
ïáíÜ=~åçíÜÉê=é~êíåÉê=ÄÉÑçêÉK=fÑ=éÉçéäÉ=Ü~îÉ=çåäó=çåÉ=é~êíåÉê=çîÉê=íÜÉ=ÅçìêëÉ=çÑ=äáÑÉI=
íÜáë=ãáÖÜí=éêçîáÇÉ=~=ÄÉííÉê=áåëáÖÜí=áåíç=íÜÉ=é~íÜ=ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅó=éêçÅÉëë=çÑ=~=ÅçìéäÉ=íÜ~å=
áÑ=íÜÉó=Ü~îÉ=ãçêÉ=é~êíåÉêëK=qÜÉ=ÅçìéäÉë=ïÉêÉ=ÇáîáÇÉÇ=áåíç=Ñçìê=ÖêçìéëI=Ä~ëÉÇ=çå=íÜÉ=
äáÑÉ=ÅóÅäÉ=ëí~ÖÉë=éêÉJé~êÉåí~äI=ÅÜáäÇJêÉ~êáåÖI=Éãéíó=åÉëí=~åÇ=êÉíáêÉãÉåíK=
=
NK mêÉJé~êÉåí~äW= ã~êêáÉÇ= çê= ÅçÜ~ÄáíáåÖ= ÅçìéäÉë= ïáíÜçìí= ÅÜáäÇêÉå= ~åÇ= ìåÇÉê= íÜÉ=
~ÖÉ=çÑ=QR=Ek=Z=PONFK=
OK `ÜáäÇJêÉ~êáåÖW= ã~êêáÉÇ= çê= ÅçÜ~ÄáíáåÖ= ÅçìéäÉë= ïáíÜ= ÅÜáäÇêÉåI= ~í= äÉ~ëí= çåÉ= çÑ=
ïÜçã=ëíáää=äáîÉë=~í=ÜçãÉ=Ek=Z=NSSQFK=
PK bãéíó=åÉëíW=ã~êêáÉÇ=çê=ÅçÜ~ÄáíáåÖ=ÅçìéäÉë=ïáíÜ=~í=äÉ~ëí=çåÉ=ÅÜáäÇX=~ää=ÅÜáäÇêÉå=
äáîÉ=áåÇÉéÉåÇÉåíäó=çÑ=íÜÉáê=é~êÉåíë=Ek=Z=RMQFK=
QK oÉíáêÉãÉåíW=ã~êêáÉÇ=çê=ÅçÜ~ÄáíáåÖ=ÅçìéäÉë=ïáíÜ=ÅÜáäÇêÉå=EäáîáåÖ=áåÇÉéÉåÇÉåíäóFI=
ïÜÉêÉ=ÄçíÜ=é~êíåÉêë=~êÉ=êÉíáêÉÇ=çê=ïÜÉêÉ=íÜÉ=ÜìëÄ~åÇ=áë=êÉíáêÉÇ=~åÇ=íÜÉ=ïáÑÉ=
áë=~=ÜçìëÉïáÑÉ=Ek=Z=QSTFK=
=
qç=~åëïÉê=íÜÉ=êÉëÉ~êÅÜ=èìÉëíáçåë=ïÉ=ìëÉÇ=ÇÉ=ÑçääçïáåÖ=ÇÉéÉåÇÉåí=~åÇ=áåÇÉéÉåÇÉåí=
î~êá~ÄäÉëK= q~ÄäÉ= RKN= ëÜçïë= íÜÉ= ãÉ~åë= ~åÇ= ëí~åÇ~êÇ= ÇÉîá~íáçåë= çÑ= ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅë= çÑ=
íÜÉ= ÅçìéäÉ= ~åÇ= î~êá~ÄäÉë= ìëÉÇ= áå= íÜÉ= ~å~äóëÉë= Ñçê= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí= ëí~ÖÉë= çÑ= íÜÉ= Ñ~ãáäó= äáÑÉ=
ÅóÅäÉK==
=
=
VV=
q~ÄäÉ=RKN=
jÉ~åë= ~åÇ= ëí~åÇ~êÇ= ÇÉîá~íáçåë= çÑ= ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅë= çÑ= íÜÉ= ÅçìéäÉ= ~åÇ= î~êá~ÄäÉë= ìëÉÇ= áå= íÜÉ=
~å~äóëÉë=Ñçê=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=ëí~ÖÉë=çÑ=íÜÉ=Ñ~ãáäó=äáÑÉ=ÅóÅäÉK=
=
=
=
mêÉJé~êÉåí~ä= `ÜáäÇJêÉ~êáåÖ= bãéíó=åÉëí= oÉíáêÉãÉåí=
Ek=Z=PONF=
s~êá~ÄäÉ=
=
`Ü~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅçìéäÉ=
jÉ~å=~ÖÉ=ÜìëÄ~åÇ=~åÇ=ïáÑÉ=
j~êáí~ä=ëí~íìë=
iÉåÖíÜ=çÑ=ÅçÜ~Äáí~íáçå=
^ÖÉ=óçìåÖÉëí=ÅÜáäÇ==
tçãÉåÛë=ëÜ~êÉ=áå=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=
=
Ek=Z=NISSQF=
Ek=Z=RMQF=
Ek=Z=QSTF=
o~åÖÉ= jÉ~å= pa= jÉ~å= pa= jÉ~å= pa= jÉ~å= pa=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
MJN=
=
=
MJN=
=
PMKN=
KPP=
RKQ=
J=
KSN=
=
QKS=
KQT=
PKO=
J=
KNS=
=
QOKS=
KVP=
NVKN=
NMKS=
KTP=
=
UKN=
KOS=
UKQ=
TKT=
KNT=
=
RRKV=
KVU=
POKV=
OVKN=
KTR=
=
SKM=
KNR=
TKP=
RKM=
KNU=
=
SUKN=
NKM=
QPKV=
PSKT=
KTO=
=
RKU=
M=
RKU=
RKR=
KNS=
=
NJQ=
NJQ=
=
PKUN=
PKTR=
=
KPV=
KRO=
=
PKRQ=
PKRU=
=
KSM=
KRT=
=
PKRM=
PKSQ=
=
KSN=
KRR=
=
PKRO=
PKSP=
=
KRS=
KRS=
=
JNJN=
JNJN=
=
JKMN=
KMT=
=
KPQ=
KPR=
=
JKMT=
KNP=
=
KPV=
KQP=
=
JKMP=
KNR=
=
KPT=
KQU=
=
JKMS=
KNM=
=
KQQ=
KQN=
=
NJQ=
NJQ=
NJQ=
NJQ=
=
PKTR=
PKRM=
PKQM=
PKRR=
=
KQS=
KRT=
KSS=
KRT=
=
PKRQ=
PKOM=
PKNR=
PKOT=
=
KSO=
KST=
KSV=
KSV=
=
PKRS=
PKOM=
PKPO=
PKOV=
=
KRR=
KSV=
KSN=
KSO=
=
PKRT=
PKPM=
PKPO=
PKOS=
=
KSM=
KTQ=
KTQ=
KTR=
=
NJQ=
NJQ=
NJQ=
NJQ=
=
PKTO=
PKPQ=
PKPN=
PKRQ=
=
KRR=
KSR=
KSQ=
KRU=
=
PKSU=
PKOU=
PKOT=
PKPU=
=
KRM=
KSN=
KSQ=
KSP=
=
PKTS=
PKQM=
PKQQ=
PKPV=
=
KQR=
KRV=
KSM=
KSN=
=
PKTR=
PKQN=
PKPN=
PKPR=
=
KQQ=
KRV=
KRR=
KSS=
=
NJQ=
NJQ=
=
OKTT=
OKSM=
=
NKN=
NKN=
=
OKUN=
OKQO=
=
NKN=
NKO=
=
PKNN=
OKRR=
=
NKM=
NKO=
=
PKPM=
OKTT=
=
NKN=
NKP=
=
NJQ=
NJQ=
=
OKTN=
OKSN=
=
NKN=
NKO=
=
PKOM=
OKQT=
=
NKM=
NKO=
=
PKPV=
OKTN=
=
NKM=
NKO=
=
PKRT=
OKTP=
=
KV=
NKO=
=
MJN=
MJN=
MJN=
=
KUV=
KMP=
KMU=
=
KPO=
KNU=
KOU=
=
KTO=
KMT=
KNP=
=
KQR=
KOT=
KPP=
=
KSM=
KNM=
KNR=
=
KQV=
KPN=
KPS=
=
KMO=
KNR=
KOO=
=
KNP=
KPS=
KQO=
=
MJN=
MJN=
MJN=
=
KVR=
KMO=
KMV=
=
KON=
KNQ=
KOU=
=
KVN=
KMP=
KNS=
=
KOU=
KNT=
KPT=
=
KTT=
KMQ=
KOO=
=
KQO=
KNV=
KQO=
=
KMR=
KNQ=
KOR=
=
KON=
KPQ=
KQQ=
=
j~êáí~ä=Ü~ééáåÉëë=
tçãÉåÛë=ã~êáí~ä=Ü~ééáåÉëë=
jÉåÛë=ã~êáí~ä=Ü~ééáåÉëë=
=
bèìáíó=
tçãÉåÛë=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉÇ=Éèìáíó=
jÉåÛë=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉÇ=Éèìáíó=
=
bñéÉêáÉåÅÉÇ=ëìééçêí=ïçãÉå=çå=
tçêêáÉë=~åÇ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=éêçÄäÉãë=
iÉáëìêÉ=~åÇ=ëçÅá~ä=Åçåí~Åíë=
mê~ÅíáÅ~ä=íÜáåÖë=
mÉêëçå~ä=ã~ííÉêë=
=
bñéÉêáÉåÅÉÇ=ëìééçêí=ãÉå=çå=
tçêêáÉë=~åÇ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=éêçÄäÉãë=
iÉáëìêÉ=~åÇ=ëçÅá~ä=Åçåí~Åíë=
mê~ÅíáÅ~ä=íÜáåÖë=
mÉêëçå~ä=ã~ííÉêë=
=
pÜ~êÉÇ=~ÅíáîáíáÉë=ïçãÉå=
pÜ~êÉÇ=ÑêáÉåÇë=
pÜ~êÉÇ=äÉáëìêÉ=íáãÉ=
=
pÜ~êÉÇ=~ÅíáîáíáÉë=ãÉå=
pÜ~êÉÇ=ÑêáÉåÇë=
pÜ~êÉÇ=äÉáëìêÉ=íáãÉ=
=
tçêâ=ïçãÉå=
m~áÇ=ïçêâ=
sçäìåíÉÉê=ïçêâ=EåÉáÖÜÄçêëF=
sçäìåíÉÉê=ïçêâ=EçêÖ~åáò~íáçåF=
=
tçêâ=ãÉå=
m~áÇ=ïçêâ=
sçäìåíÉÉê=ïçêâ=EåÉáÖÜÄçêëF=
sçäìåíÉÉê=ïçêâ=EçêÖ~åáò~íáçåF=
=
=
=
NMM=
aÉéÉåÇÉåí=î~êá~ÄäÉW=ã~êáí~ä=Ü~ééáåÉëë=
j~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëë= ï~ë= ãÉ~ëìêÉÇ= Äó= Iq~âáåÖ= ÉîÉêóíÜáåÖ= íçÖÉíÜÉêI= Üçï= ïçìäÇ= óçì=
ÇÉëÅêáÄÉ= óçìê= êÉä~íáçå= ïáíÜ= óçìê= é~êíåÉê\Ò= qÜÉ= ~åëïÉê= Å~íÉÖçêáÉë= ïÉêÉ= Úåçí= ÖêÉ~íÛ=
ENFI= ÚêÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉÛ= EOFI= ÚÖççÇÛ= EPFI= ~åÇ= ÚîÉêó= ÖççÇÛ= EQFK= cêçã= q~ÄäÉ= N= ïÉ= Å~å= ëÉÉ= íÜ~í=
ïçãÉå= ~åÇ= ãÉå= Ñêçã= íÜÉ= éêÉJé~êÉåí~ä= Öêçìé= ~êÉ= íÜÉ= Ü~ééáÉëíK= qÜÉêÉ= áë= ~= ëíêçåÖ=
ÇÉÅäáåÉ=áå=Ü~ééáåÉëë=Ñçê=ÄçíÜ=ïçãÉå=~åÇ=ãÉå=áå=íÜÉ=ÅÜáäÇJêÉ~êáåÖ=ëí~ÖÉ=EÅçãé~êÉÇ=
íç= íÜÉ= éêÉJé~êÉåí~ä= ëí~ÖÉFK= ^ÑíÉê= ÅÜáäÇJêÉ~êáåÖ= ãÉåÛë= ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëë= Ñçääçïë= íÜÉ=
Ñ~ãçìë=rJëÜ~éÉ=é~ííÉêå=íÜ~í=áë=çÑíÉå=ÑçìåÇ=Ñçê=ã~êáí~ä=Ü~ééáåÉëë=áå=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=ëí~ÖÉë=
áå= íÜÉ= Ñ~ãáäó= äáÑÉ= ÅóÅäÉ= EdáäÑçêÇ= ~åÇ= _ÉåÖíëçåI= NVTVFK= cçê= ïçãÉå= áå= çìê= ë~ãéäÉ=
ÜçïÉîÉê= íÜÉ= ëíêçåÖ= ÇÉÅäáåÉ= áå= Ü~ééáåÉëë= ãçêÉ= çê= äÉëë= ëí~ÄáäáòÉë= çå= ~= äçïÉê= äÉîÉäI=
ïáíÜ=~=ëã~ää=ãáåáãìã=áå=íÜÉ=Éãéíó=åÉëí=ëí~ÖÉK=dáäÑçêÇ=~åÇ=_ÉåÖíëçå=ENVTVF=ëí~íÉÇ=
íÜ~í= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë= áå= é~ííÉêåë= ~êÉ= ÇìÉ= íç= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë= áå= íÜÉ= ãÉ~ëìêÉãÉåí= çÑ= ã~êáí~ä=
Ü~ééáåÉëëK=eçïÉîÉêI=íÜÉó=ÑçìåÇ=åç=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë=Äó=ëÉñ=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉëéçåÇÉåíI=~ë=ïÉ=Çç=
ÑáåÇ=áå=çìê=ë~ãéäÉ=J=ÇÉëéáíÉ=íÜÉ=Ñ~Åí=íÜ~í=ÄçíÜ=ïçãÉå=~åÇ=ãÉå=~åëïÉêÉÇ=íÜÉ=ë~ãÉ=
èìÉëíáçåK=
=
fåÇÉéÉåÇÉåí=î~êá~ÄäÉë=
bñéÉêáÉåÅÉÇ=ÉèìáíóK= qïç=ãÉ~ëìêÉë=çÑ=éÉêÅÉéíáçåë=çÑ=Éèìáíó=ïÉêÉ=ìëÉÇK=_çíÜ=
ïÉêÉ= Ä~ëÉÇ= çå= íÜÉ= èìÉëíáçå= ÚdáîáåÖ= ~åÇ= êÉÅÉáîáåÖ= áë= ~å= áãéçêí~åí= ~ëéÉÅí= çÑ=
êÉä~íáçåëÜáéëK=eçï=ïçìäÇ=óçì=ÇÉëÅêáÄÉ=óçìê=êÉä~íáçå=ïáíÜ=óçìê=é~êíåÉê\Û=qÜÉ=~åëïÉê=
Å~íÉÖçêáÉë= ïÉêÉ= êÉëéçåÇÉåí= ÖáîÉë= ãçêÉI= ÄçíÜ= ÖáîÉ= ~Äçìí= íÜÉ= ë~ãÉI= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= çíÜÉê=
ÖáîÉë=ãçêÉK=cçääçïáåÖ=cÉÉåÉó=Éí=~äK=ENVVQFI=ïÉ=êÉÅçÇÉÇ=íÜÉ=~åëïÉê=Å~íÉÖçêáÉë=~ë=ÓNI=
MI= ~åÇ= NI= êÉéêÉëÉåíáåÖ= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáîÉ= ÄÉåÉÑáí= EìåÇÉêÄÉåÉÑáí= EJNFI= Éèìáíó= EMF= ~åÇ=
çîÉêÄÉåÉÑáí= ENFFK= _ÉëáÇÉë= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáîÉ= ÄÉåÉÑáí= ïÉ= ~äëç= Å~äÅìä~íÉÇ= ëíêáÅí= ÉèìáíóI= çê= áå=
çíÜÉê=ïçêÇë=íÜÉ= Éèìáíó=ÇÉé~êíìêÉI=Äó=Å~äÅìä~íáåÖ=íÜÉ=ëèì~êÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÑçêãÉê=ãÉ~ëìêÉK=
tçãÉå= áå= çìê= ë~ãéäÉ= çå= ~îÉê~ÖÉ= ÑÉÉä= ëçãÉïÜ~í= ìåÇÉêÄÉåÉÑáííÉÇ= EëÉÉ= q~ÄäÉ= NFI=
ïÜÉêÉ~ë=ãÉå=ÑÉÉä=ëçãÉïÜ~í=çîÉêÄÉåÉÑáííÉÇ=áå=~ää=ëí~ÖÉë=çÑ=íÜÉ=Ñ~ãáäó=äáÑÉ=ÅóÅäÉK=
bñéÉêáÉåÅÉÇ= ëìééçêíK= qç= ãÉ~ëìêÉ= é~êíåÉê= ëìééçêí= ÄçíÜ= ^åÅÜçê= ~åÇ= ^äíÉê=
~åëïÉêÉÇ=íÜÉ=èìÉëíáçå=Iqç=ïÜ~í=ÉñíÉåí=ÇçÉë=óçìê=é~êíåÉê=ëìééçêí=óçì=E~F=ïÜÉå=óçì=
~êÉ= ïçêêáÉÇ= ~åÇ= Ü~îáåÖ= ÜÉ~äíÜ= éêçÄäÉãë\I= EÄF= ïáíÜ= äÉáëìêÉ= ~åÇ= ëçÅá~ä= Åçåí~Åíë\I= EÅF=
ïáíÜ= ~ää= âáåÇë= çÑ= éê~ÅíáÅ~ä= íÜáåÖë= óçì= åÉÉÇ= íç= Çç\I= ~åÇ= EÇF= ïáíÜ= éÉêëçå~ä= ã~ííÉêë\Ò=
qÜÉ=~åëïÉê=Å~íÉÖçêáÉë=ïÉêÉ=Úåç= ëìééçêíÛ= ENFI= Ú~= äáííäÉ=ëìééçêíÛ= EOFI= Ú~=Ñ~áê= ~ãçìåí= çÑ=
ëìééçêíÛ=EPF=~åÇ=Ú~=äçí=çÑ=ëìééçêíÛ=EQFK=qÜÉ=ãÉ~åë=çÑ=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉÇ=ëìééçêí=çÑ=ïçãÉå=
~åÇ=ãÉå=~ää=~êÉ=ÄÉíïÉÉå=Ú~=Ñ~áê=~ãçìåí=çÑ=ëìééçêíÛ=~åÇ=Ú~=äçí=çÑ=ëìééçêíÛ=EëÉÉ=q~ÄäÉ=
NFK= qÜÉ= äçïÉëí= ãÉ~å= çÑ= ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉÇ= ëìééçêí= ï~ë= ÑçìåÇ= Ñçê= ïçãÉå= áå= íÜÉ= ÅÜáäÇJ
êÉ~êáåÖ= ëí~ÖÉW= çå= éê~ÅíáÅ~ä= íÜáåÖë= EPKNRFI= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= ÜáÖÜÉëí= ãÉ~å= çÑ= ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉÇ=
ëìééçêí=ï~ë=ÑçìåÇ=Ñçê=ãÉå=áå=íÜÉ=Éãéíó=åÉëí=ëí~ÖÉW=çå=ïçêêáÉë=~åÇ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=éêçÄäÉãë=
EPKTSFK=
NMN=
=
pÜ~êÉÇ= ~ÅíáîáíáÉëW= ëÜ~êÉÇ= ÑêáÉåÇë\= oÉëéçåÇÉåíë= ~åëïÉêÉÇ= íÜÉ= èìÉëíáçå= I^êÉ=
óçìê= ÑêáÉåÇë= ãçëíäó= óçìê= çïå= ÑêáÉåÇë= çê= ÑêáÉåÇë= ëÜ~êÉÇ= ïáíÜ= óçìê= é~êíåÉê\Ò= qÜÉ=
~åëïÉê= Å~íÉÖçêáÉë= ïÉêÉ= Úãçëíäó= ãó= çïå= ÑêáÉåÇëÛ= ENFI= ÚãçêÉ= ãó= çïå= íÜ~å= ëÜ~êÉÇ=
ÑêáÉåÇëÛ= EOFI= ÚãçêÉ= ëÜ~êÉÇ= ÑêáÉåÇë= íÜ~å= ãó= çïå= ÑêáÉåÇëÛ= EPFI= ~åÇ= Úãçëíäó= ëÜ~êÉÇ=
ÑêáÉåÇëÛ= EQFK= _çíÜ= ïçãÉå= ~åÇ= ãÉå= áå= íÜÉ= êÉíáêÉãÉåí= ëí~ÖÉ= êÉéçêí= ÇçáåÖ= ãçêÉ= ïáíÜ=
ëÜ~êÉÇ=ÑêáÉåÇë=íÜ~å=ïçãÉå=~åÇ=ãÉå=áå=íÜÉ=çíÜÉê=ëí~ÖÉë=Eq~ÄäÉ=NFK=
=
pÜ~êÉÇ= ~ÅíáîáíáÉëW= ëÜ~êÉÇ= äÉáëìêÉ= ~ÅíáîáíáÉë\= cçê= íÜáëI= êÉëéçåÇÉåíë= ~åëïÉêÉÇ=
íÜÉ= èìÉëíáçå= IdçáåÖ= çå= Ç~ó= íêáéëI= ëéÉåÇáåÖ= íáãÉ= çå= ~= ÜçÄÄó= çê= äÉáëìêÉJíáãÉ=
~ëëçÅá~íáçåI= Çç= óçì= ãçëíäó= Çç= íÜ~í= ïáíÜ= çê= ïáíÜçìí= óçìê= é~êíåÉê\Ò= qÜÉ= ~åëïÉê=
Å~íÉÖçêáÉë=ïÉêÉ=Úãçëíäó=ïáíÜçìí=ãó=é~êíåÉêÛ=ENFI=ÚÄçíÜ=ïáíÜ=~åÇ=ïáíÜçìí=é~êíåÉêI=Äìí=
ãçêÉ=çÑíÉå=ïáíÜçìí=é~êíåÉêÛ=EOFI=ÚÄçíÜ=ïáíÜ=~åÇ=ïáíÜçìí=é~êíåÉêI=Äìí=ãçêÉ=çÑíÉå=ïáíÜ=
é~êíåÉêÛ=EPFI=~åÇ=Úãçëíäó=ïáíÜ=ãó=é~êíåÉêÛ=EQFK=eÉêÉ=íççI=ÄçíÜ=ïçãÉå=~åÇ=ãÉå=áå=íÜÉ=
êÉíáêÉãÉåí=ëí~ÖÉ=êÉéçêí=ÇçáåÖ=ãçêÉ=íçÖÉíÜÉê=~ë=~=ÅçìéäÉ=íÜ~å=íÜÉ=ïçãÉå=~åÇ=ãÉå=
áå=íÜÉ=çíÜÉê=ëí~ÖÉëK=
=
m~áÇ= ïçêâK= qÜÉ= èìÉëíáçå= ï~ë= Úaç= óçì= ÅìêêÉåíäó= Ü~îÉ= ~= é~áÇ= àçÄ\Û= ~åÇ= íÜÉ=
~åëïÉê= Å~íÉÖçêáÉë= ïÉêÉ= êÉÅçÇÉÇ= óÉë= ENF= çê= åç= EMFK= qÜÉêÉ= áë= ~= ÇÉÅêÉ~ëÉ= áå= Ü~îáåÖ= ~=
é~áÇ=àçÄ=çîÉê=íÜÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=ëí~ÖÉë=çÑ=íÜÉ=Ñ~ãáäó=äáÑÉ=ÅóÅäÉK=i~êÖÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë=ÄÉíïÉÉå=
ïçãÉå=~åÇ=ãÉå=~êÉ=ÑçìåÇ=áå=íÜÉ=ÅÜáäÇJêÉ~êáåÖ=~åÇ=Éãéíó=åÉëí=ëí~ÖÉëK=få=íÜÉ=ÅÜáäÇJ
êÉ~êáåÖ= ëí~ÖÉ= TOB= çÑ= íÜÉ= ïçãÉå= ~åÇ= VNB= çÑ= íÜÉ= ãÉå= Ü~îÉ= ~= é~áÇ= àçÄK= cçê= íÜÉ=
Éãéíó=åÉëí=ëí~ÖÉ=íÜÉëÉ=éÉêÅÉåí~ÖÉë=~êÉ=SM=~åÇ=TT=êÉëéÉÅíáîÉäóK=
=
sçäìåíÉÉê= ïçêâK= tÉ= ìëÉÇ= íÜÉ= èìÉëíáçåW= ÇáÇ= óçì= é~êíáÅáé~íÉ= áå= ~åó= çÑ= íÜÉ=
ÑçääçïáåÖ=~ÅíáîáíáÉë=áå=óçìê=ÑêÉÉ=íáãÉ=áå=íÜÉ=é~ëí=NO=ãçåíÜë\=fÑ=ëçI=~Äçìí=Üçï=çÑíÉå\=
qÜÉ= ~ÅíáîáíáÉë= ïÉ= ÅÜçëÉ= ïÉêÉ= ImêçîáÇÉ= ìåé~áÇ= ÜÉäé= íç= ëáÅâ= çê= Ü~åÇáÅ~ééÉÇ=
~Åèì~áåí~åÅÉë=çê=åÉáÖÜÄçêë=Eåçí=Ñ~ãáäóFÒ=~åÇ=IsçäìåíÉÉê=ïçêâ=Ñçê=~ëëçÅá~íáçåI=ÅÜìêÅÜ=
çê=çíÜÉê=çêÖ~åáò~íáçå=Eåçí=Ñçê=ëÅÜççäFÒK=qÜÉ=~åëïÉêë=ïÉêÉ=Úåçí=~í=~ääÛ=ENFI=ÚNJO=íáãÉëÛ=
EOFI=ÚPJNN=íáãÉëÛ=EPF=çê=ÛNO=íáãÉë=çê=ãçêÉÛ=EQFK=låäó=íÜÉ=ä~ëí=Å~íÉÖçêó=ï~ë=ÅçåëáÇÉêÉÇ=
êÉÖìä~ê= îçäìåíÉÉê= ïçêâI= íÜÉêÉÑçêÉ= ïÉ= êÉÅçÇÉÇ= íÜ~í= ~åëïÉê= óÉë= ENF= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= çíÜÉê=
íÜêÉÉ=åç=EMFK=tçãÉå=Çç=ëçãÉïÜ~í=ãçêÉ=Ñçê=ëáÅâ=~Åèì~áåí~åÅÉë=çê=åÉáÖÜÄçêëI=ãÉå=
Ñçê=~ëëçÅá~íáçåë=çê=çêÖ~åáò~íáçåëK=NRB=çÑ=íÜÉ=ïçãÉå=áå=íÜÉ=Éãéíó=åÉëí=ëí~ÖÉ=ïçêâ=
îçäìåí~êáäó= Ñçê= ~ëëçÅá~íáçåë= çê= çêÖ~åáò~íáçåëI= Ñçê= ãÉå= íÜáë= éÉêÅÉåí~ÖÉ= áë= OOK= få= íÜÉ=
êÉíáêÉãÉåí=ëí~ÖÉ=íÜÉëÉ=éÉêÅÉåí~ÖÉë=~êÉ=OO=~åÇ=OR=êÉëéÉÅíáîÉäóK=jçëí=îçäìåíÉÉê=ïçêâ=
áë=ÇçåÉ=áå=êÉíáêÉãÉåíW=PTB=çÑ=íÜÉ=ïçãÉå=~åÇ=PVB=çÑ=íÜÉ=ãÉå=Çç=îçäìåíÉÉê=ïçêâK=
=
tçãÉåÛë= ëÜ~êÉ= áå= ÜçìëÉïçêâK= _çíÜ= ^åÅÜçê= ~åÇ= ^äíÉê= ~åëïÉêÉÇ= íÜÉ= ë~ãÉ=
èìÉëíáçåëW= Ñáêëí= íÜÉ= ãÉ~å= ~åëïÉê= çÑ= ÄçíÜ= é~êíåÉêë= ï~ë=Å~äÅìä~íÉÇ=Ñçê= íÜÉ= ïçãÉåÛë=
ëÜ~êÉ= çå= éêÉé~êáåÖ= ãÉ~äëI= ÑÉíÅÜáåÖ= ÖêçÅÉêáÉë= ~åÇ= íáÇóáåÖ= ìé= ~åÇ= ÅäÉ~åáåÖ= E~ÇÇÉÇ=
íçÖÉíÜÉêFK= qÜÉå= íÜÉ= ïçãÉåÛë= ëÜ~êÉ= ï~ë= Å~äÅìä~íÉÇ= ~ë= ~= éÉêÅÉåí~ÖÉK= qÜÉ= ãÉ~å= çÑ=
ïçãÉåÛë= ëÜ~êÉ= áå= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= ÇçÉë= åçí= î~êó= ãìÅÜ= Ñçê= íÜÉ= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí= ëí~ÖÉë= çÑ= íÜÉ=
Ñ~ãáäó= äáÑÉ= ÅóÅäÉI= ÉñÅÉéí= Ñçê= íÜÉ= éêÉJé~êÉåí~ä= ëí~ÖÉI= ïÜÉå= é~êíåÉêë= ëÜ~êÉ= ãçêÉ= EëÉÉ=
NMO=
q~ÄäÉ= RKNFK= få= ~ää= ëí~ÖÉë= ïçãÉåÛë= ëÜ~êÉ= áå= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= EÅçåëáÇÉê~ÄäóF= ÉñÅÉÉÇë= íÜÉ=
ãÉåÛë=ëÜ~êÉK=
=
=
RKQ=oÉëìäíë=
=
cçê= ïçãÉå= ~åÇ= ãÉå= êÉëéÉÅíáîÉäó= íÜêÉÉ= ãçÇÉäë= ~êÉ= ã~ÇÉ= Eq~ÄäÉë= RKOJRKQFW= çåÉ=
ãçÇÉä= ïáíÜ= íÜÉ= ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉÇ= Éèìáíó= çÑ= íÜÉ= êÉëéçåÇÉåíë= Eq~ÄäÉ= RKOFI= çåÉ=ãçÇÉä= ïáíÜ=
íÜÉ= ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉÇ= ÉèìáíóI= ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉÇ= ëìééçêí= ~åÇ= ëÜ~êÉÇ= ~ÅíáîáíáÉë= Eq~ÄäÉ= RKPFI= ~åÇ=
çåÉ=ãçÇÉä=~äëç=áåÅäìÇáåÖ=ïçêâI=îçäìåíÉÉê=ïçêâ=~åÇ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=Eq~ÄäÉ=RKQFK=
=
tçãÉåÛë=ã~êáí~ä=Ü~ééáåÉëë=çîÉê=íÜÉ=äáÑÉ=ÅçìêëÉ=
dÉåÉê~ääóI=ïÉ= ÉñéÉÅíÉÇ=íÜ~í=ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ= ëíêçåÖ= ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅÉ=çå=íÜÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=
EêÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ= áåîÉëíãÉåíëFI= ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëë= Ñçê= íÜÉ= ïçã~å= ïçìäÇ= ÇÉéÉåÇ=
èìáíÉ=ÜÉ~îáäó=çå=E~F=Üçï=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=áå=ïÜáÅÜ=ëÜÉ=áåîÉëíë=ëç=ãìÅÜI=ïçêâë=çìí=Ñçê=
ÜÉê=~ë=~=ïÜçäÉ=EãÉ~ëìêÉÇ=Äó=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉÇ=ÉèìáíóFI=~åÇ=EÄF=Üçï=ãìÅÜ=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=
ÖáîÉë= ÜÉê= áå= íÉêãë= çÑ= ëÜ~êáåÖ= EÑêáÉåÇë= ~åÇ= äÉáëìêÉ= íáãÉF= ~åÇ= áå= íÉêãë= çÑ= ëìééçêí=
Eî~êáçìë= ÑçêãëFK= táíÜ= êÉÖ~êÇ= íç= íÜÉ= äáÑÉ= ÅçìêëÉ= ïÉ= ÉñéÉÅíÉÇ= íÜ~í= ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ=
ãÉÅÜ~åáëã=çÑ=ëã~ää=ÇÉÅáëáçåëI=íÜÉ=~ëóããÉíêó=áå=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ=áåîÉëíãÉåí=çÑ=
íÜÉ= ïçãÉå= ïçìäÇ= Öêçï= çîÉê= íáãÉI= ïÜáÅÜ= ã~âÉë= ÜÉê= ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëë= ãçêÉ=
ÇÉéÉåÇÉåí= çå= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= EÉèìáíóI= ëìééçêí= ~åÇ= ëÜ~êÉÇ= ~ÅíáîáíáÉëF= áå= íÜÉ= ä~íÉê=
ëí~ÖÉë=çÑ=íÜÉ=Ñ~ãáäó=äáÑÉ=ÅçìêëÉI=ÉñÅÉéí=Ñçê=íÜÉ=êÉíáêÉãÉåí=ëí~ÖÉK=qÜáë=áë=ÅçåÑáêãÉÇ=Äó=
íÜÉ= Ç~í~= EëÉÉ= q~ÄäÉë= RKO= ~åÇ= RKPFK= qÜÉ= î~êá~åÅÉ= çÑ= ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëë= íÜ~í= Å~å= ÄÉ=
Éñéä~áåÉÇ= Äó= íÜÉ= Ñ~Åíçêë= íÜ~í= êÉä~íÉ= íç= íÜÉ= ~ëóããÉíêó= áå= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ=
áåîÉëíãÉåí= áë= ëã~ääÉê= Ñçê= íÜÉ= éêÉJé~êÉåí~ä= ëí~ÖÉ= Åçãé~êÉÇ= íç= íÜÉ= çíÜÉê= ëí~ÖÉëX= áë=
ä~êÖÉê=Ñçê=íÜÉ=Éãéíó=åÉëí=ëí~ÖÉ=íÜ~å=Ñçê=íÜÉ=ÅÜáäÇJêÉ~êáåÖ=ëí~ÖÉX=~åÇ=áë=ëã~ääÉê=Ñçê=íÜÉ=
êÉíáêÉãÉåí=ëí~ÖÉK==
q~ÄäÉ=RKP=ëÜçïë=íÜ~í=ëìééçêí=~åÇ=ëÜ~êÉÇ=~ÅíáîáíáÉë=~êÉ=ãìÅÜ=ãçêÉ=áãéçêí~åí=
Ñçê= íÜÉ=ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëë=çÑ=ïçãÉå=íÜ~å=íÜÉáê=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉÇ=Éèìáíó=áå=~ää=ëí~ÖÉëI=Äìí=
O
ãçëí= çÑ= ~ää= áå= íÜÉ= Éãéíó= åÉëí= ëí~ÖÉK= qÜÉ= o ë= ~êÉ= ãìÅÜ= ÜáÖÜÉê= áå= q~ÄäÉ= RKP= íÜ~å= áå=
q~ÄäÉ= RKOI= ïÜáÅÜ= ãÉ~åë= íÜ~í= áí= áë= ÉëéÉÅá~ääó= ëìééçêí= ~åÇ= ëÜ~êÉÇ= ~ÅíáîáíáÉë= íÜ~í=
ÅçåíêáÄìíÉ= íç= ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëë= ~åÇ= åçí= ÉèìáíóK= qÜáë= áë= áå= äáåÉ= ïáíÜ= ÑáåÇáåÖë= Ñêçã=
mÉíÉêëçå= ENVVMF= ~åÇ= qê~ìéã~åå= ~åÇ= e~íÑáÉäÇ= ENVUPFI= ïÜç= ëìÖÖÉëí= íÜ~í= ã~êêá~ÖÉë=
ä~ëíáåÖ= ã~åó= ÇÉÅ~ÇÉë= ã~ó= ÄÉ= Å~é~ÄäÉ= çÑ= íçäÉê~íáåÖ= êÉä~íáîÉäó= äÉåÖíÜó= Çáëêìéíáçåë= çÑ=
íÜÉ=Éèìáíó=Ä~ä~åÅÉK=
=
NMP=
q~ÄäÉ=RKOW=ã~êáí~ä=Ü~ééáåÉëë=çÑ=ïçãÉåLãÉå=áå=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=ëí~ÖÉë=çÑ=íÜÉ=Ñ~ãáäó=äáÑÉ=ÅóÅäÉ=Eëí~åÇ~êÇáòÉÇ=ÅçÉÑÑáÅáÉåíëFW=ãçÇÉä=N=
=
=
=
=
=
mêÉJé~êÉåí~ä=
=
j~êáí~ä=Ü~ééáåÉëë=áå=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=ëí~ÖÉë=çÑ=íÜÉ=Ñ~ãáäó=äáÑÉ=ÅóÅäÉ=
tçãÉå=
jÉå=
`ÜáäÇJêÉ~êáåÖ= bãéíó=åÉëí= oÉíáêÉãÉåí= mêÉJé~êÉåí~ä= `ÜáäÇJêÉ~êáåÖ= bãéíó=åÉëí= oÉíáêÉãÉåí=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
bñéÉêáÉåÅÉÇ=Éèìáíó=
bèìáíó=ÇÉé~êíìêÉ=
=
O=
o
JKNQT
@=
=
KMOO=
JKOPTGGG=
=
KMRS=
JKORPGGG=
=
KMSQ=
=
JKNSMG
=
KMOR=
JKMQU=
=
KMMO=
JKNNMGG=
=
KMNO=
=
JKMUP
=
KMMT=
JKNTQGG=
=
KMPM=
@
=é=Y=KNMK===G=é=Y=KMRK==GG=é=Y=KMNK=GGG=é=Y=KMMN=
=
q~ÄäÉ=RKPW=ã~êáí~ä=Ü~ééáåÉëë=çÑ=ïçãÉåLãÉå=áå=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=ëí~ÖÉë=çÑ=íÜÉ=Ñ~ãáäó=äáÑÉ=ÅóÅäÉ=Eëí~åÇ~êÇáòÉÇ=ÅçÉÑÑáÅáÉåíëFW=ãçÇÉä=O=
=
=
=
=
=
mêÉJé~êÉåí~ä=
=
j~êáí~ä=Ü~ééáåÉëë=áå=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=ëí~ÖÉë=çÑ=íÜÉ=Ñ~ãáäó=äáÑÉ=ÅóÅäÉ=
tçãÉå=
jÉå=
`ÜáäÇJêÉ~êáåÖ= bãéíó=åÉëí= oÉíáêÉãÉåí= mêÉJé~êÉåí~ä= `ÜáäÇJêÉ~êáåÖ= bãéíó=åÉëí= oÉíáêÉãÉåí=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
bñéÉêáÉåÅÉÇ=Éèìáíó=
bèìáíó=ÇÉé~êíìêÉ=
=
=
JKMUQ=
=
JKNPOGGG=
=
JKNQNGG=
=
JKMVV=
=
JKMOU=
=
JKMTRG=
=
JKMMV
=
JKNTPGG=
=
KMQO=
KMNT=
KMPU=
KOQSG=
=
KNVQGGG=
KNNTGG=
KMPM=
KNSNGGG=
=
KNPSG=
=
KMPQ
KMMM=
KOUNGGG=
=
KOQTGG=
=
KOPRGG
=
JKOMSG
KONUG=
=
KNQR=
@=
KOPO
JKMNV=
JKMNN=
=
KNUQGGG=
KMMU=
JKMMR=
KOMRGGG=
=
KNRTG=
KMRO=
@=
KNSN
KNVSG=
=
KNPQG=
KMUS=
KONPGG=
=
KMTM
=
KMRT=
KMQM=
=
KNNT=
KMSNG
KMSMG=
=
KOPU=
KNTTGGG=
KNQQGG=
=
KOVQ=
KMOO=
KMVV=
=
KOSM=
KNPT=
JKMOQ=
=
KNPQ=
KMQN=
=
KMVVGG
=
KNQS=
JKMNT=
JKMMV=
=
KONR=
JKMPM=
KMOQ=
=
KNVR=
bñéÉêáÉåÅÉÇ=ëìééçêí=
tçêêáÉë=~åÇ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=éêçÄäÉãë=
iÉáëìêÉ=~åÇ=ëçÅá~ä=Åçåí~Åíë=
mê~ÅíáÅ~ä=íÜáåÖë=
mÉêëçå~ä=ã~ííÉêë=
=
pÜ~êÉÇ=~ÅíáîáíáÉë=
pÜ~êÉÇ=ÑêáÉåÇë=
pÜ~êÉÇ=äÉáëìêÉ=íáãÉ=
=
O=
o
=
=
@
=é=Y=KNMK===G=é=Y=KMRK==GG=é=Y=KMNK=GGG=é=Y=KMMN=
=
qÜÉ= î~êá~ÄäÉë= íÜ~í= ÅçåíêáÄìíÉ= íç= ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëë= áå= q~ÄäÉ= RKP= ÇáÑÑÉê= ÅçåëáÇÉê~Ääó=
ÄÉíïÉÉå=ãÉå=~åÇ=ïçãÉåK=cçê=ïçãÉå=ëìééçêí=çå=éÉêëçå~ä=ã~ííÉêë=áë=áãéçêí~åí=Ñçê=
íÜÉáê= ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëë= áå= ~ää= ëí~ÖÉëI= Äìí= ÉëéÉÅá~ääó= áå= íÜÉ= Éãéíó= åÉëí= ëí~ÖÉK= ^äëç=
áãéçêí~åí= áë= ëìééçêí= Ñçê= ïçêêáÉë= ~åÇ= ÜÉ~äíÜ= éêçÄäÉãë= áå= ~ää= ëí~ÖÉëI= ~äíÜçìÖÜ= åçí= áå=
íÜÉ= éêÉJé~êÉåí~ä= ëí~ÖÉK= pìééçêí= Ñçê= äÉáëìêÉ= ~åÇ= ëçÅá~ä= Åçåí~Åíë= çåäó= ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åíäó=
ÅçåíêáÄìíÉ= íç= ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëë= áå= íÜÉ= ÅÜáäÇJêÉ~êáåÖ= ~åÇ= êÉíáêÉãÉåí= ëí~ÖÉëK=
oÉã~êâ~ÄäÉ= áë= íÜ~í= ïçãÉå= áå= íÜÉ= êÉíáêÉãÉåí= ëí~ÖÉ= ~êÉ= äÉëë= Ü~ééó= ïÜÉå= íÜÉó=
éÉêÅÉáîÉ= ãçêÉ= ëìééçêí= çå= éê~ÅíáÅ~ä= íÜáåÖëK= cçê= íÜáë= ÅçÜçêí= çÑ= ïçãÉåI= íÜÉáê= ÜçãÉ=
éêçÄ~Ääó=ëíáää=áë=íÜÉáê=Ççã~áå=áå=ïÜáÅÜ=íÜÉó=Çç=åçí=ï~åí=ãÉå=íç=áåíÉêÑÉêÉK=cçê=ïçãÉå=
áå=íÜÉ=ÅÜáäÇJêÉ~êáåÖ=~åÇ=Éãéíó= åÉëí=ëí~ÖÉëI= ~Åíì~ääó=ëÜ~êáåÖ=äÉáëìêÉ=~åÇ=ÑêáÉåÇë=ïáíÜ=
íÜÉáê= ÜìëÄ~åÇë= ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åíäó= ÅçåíêáÄìíÉë= íç= íÜÉáê= ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëëI= ÉëéÉÅá~ääó= áå= íÜÉ=
Éãéíó=åÉëí=ëí~ÖÉK==
tÜÉíÜÉê= ïçãÉå= Ü~îÉ= ~= é~áÇ= àçÄ= çê= åçí= ÇçÉë= åçí= ã~ííÉê= Ñçê= íÜÉáê= ã~êáí~ä=
Ü~ééáåÉëëK=eçïÉîÉêI=ïçãÉå=~êÉ=Ü~ééáÉê=áå=íÜÉáê=ã~êêá~ÖÉë=ïÜÉå=íÜÉó=Çç=îçäìåíÉÉê=
ïçêâ= Ñçê= ~å= ~ëëçÅá~íáçå= çê= çêÖ~åáò~íáçå= áå= íÜÉ= êÉíáêÉãÉåí= ëí~ÖÉK= qÜáë= ÅçåíêáÄìíÉë=
O
ëìÄëí~åíá~ääó=íç=íÜÉáê=ã~êáí~ä=Ü~ééáåÉëë=EÅçãé~êÉ= íÜÉ= o =çÑ=q~ÄäÉ=RKP=EKOSMF=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=
oO=çÑ=q~ÄäÉ=RKQ=EKPOPFFK==
=
cáå~ääóI= ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ= íÜÉ= ïçã~åDë= ëÜ~êÉ= áå= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= áë= äáâÉäó= íç= ÄÉ= íÜÉ=
Åìãìä~íáîÉ= êÉëìäí= çÑ= ëã~ää= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= ~åÇ= åçí= çÑ= åÉÖçíá~íáçåë= EïÜáÅÜ= Å~å= Ü~îÉ= ~=
ïáååÉê=~åÇ=~=äçëÉêFI=ïÉ=ÉñéÉÅíÉÇ=íÜ~í=ÜÉê=ëÜ~êÉ=áå=íÜÉ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=ïçìäÇ=åçí=~ÑÑÉÅí=
ã~êáí~ä=Ü~ééáåÉëë=~Åêçëë=íÜÉ=äáÑÉ=ÅçìêëÉK=tçãÉåÛë=ëÜ~êÉ=áå=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=áë=åçí=áåÇÉÉÇ=
ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åíäó=êÉä~íÉÇ=íç=íÜÉáê=ã~êáí~ä=Ü~ééáåÉëë=áå=~ää=ëí~ÖÉë=çÑ=íÜÉ=äáÑÉ=ÅçìêëÉK==
=
NMR=
q~ÄäÉ=RKQW=ã~êáí~ä=Ü~ééáåÉëë=çÑ=ïçãÉå=~åÇ=ãÉå=áå=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=ëí~ÖÉë=çÑ=íÜÉ=Ñ~ãáäó=äáÑÉ=ÅóÅäÉ=Eëí~åÇ~êÇáòÉÇ=ÅçÉÑÑáÅáÉåíëFW=ãçÇÉä=P=
=
=
=
=
=
mêÉJé~êÉåí~ä=
=
j~êáí~ä=Ü~ééáåÉëë=áå=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=ëí~ÖÉë=çÑ=íÜÉ=Ñ~ãáäó=äáÑÉ=ÅóÅäÉ=
tçãÉå=
jÉå=
`ÜáäÇJêÉ~êáåÖ= bãéíó=åÉëí= oÉíáêÉãÉåí= mêÉJé~êÉåí~ä= `ÜáäÇJêÉ~êáåÖ= bãéíó=åÉëí= oÉíáêÉãÉåí=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
bñéÉêáÉåÅÉÇ=Éèìáíó=
bèìáíó=ÇÉé~êíìêÉ=
=
JKMSV=
=
JKNPRGG=
=
JKNPTGG=
=
JKNMP
KMRV=
KMPO=
KMNN=
KOPTGG=
=
KNVTGGG=
KNNSGG=
KMPV=
KNSMGGG=
=
KNQNG=
KMPO=
KMMO=
KOUUGGG=
=
KMQT=
KMRN=
=
KMRRG=
KMSNG=
=
KMOV=
KMNV=
KMUU=
=
JKMRP=
=
KNQS=
KMRP
=
KOQN=
@=
=
JKMNS=
=
JKMTQG=
=
JKMMQ
=
JKNSOGG=
=
KONPGG=
KOMUGG=
JKNTVG=
KOPMGG=
=
KNSV=
KOQVG=
JKMPQ=
JKMMU=
=
KNUOGGG=
KMMS=
JKMNP=
KOMTGGG=
=
KNRSG=
KMSN=
KNQV@=
KOMUGG=
=
KNPNG=
KMVQ=
KOPPGG=
KMPT=
=
KNTRGG=
KNRNGG=
=
KMQN=
KNOQG=
=
KNQS@=
JKMQM=
=
KMQR=
KNMMGG=
=
JKMOP=
JKMNV=
=
JKMOS=
KMOS=
=
KMNV=
JKMMS=
KMNP=
=
JKMMN=
KMMP=
JKMNQ=
=
J=
KMTS=
KNTRGG=
=
JKMMQ=
JKMRU=
KNON=
=
KMVVGG=
KMRP=
KMPM=
=
KNSTGG=
KMMP=
KMPQ=
=
J=
JKMSQ=
KNOQG=
=
@=
KMTP=
=
KOVV=
JKMQM=
=
KPOP=
JKMNO=
=
KNRO=
JKMSP
KMSP=
=
KORM=
JKMRQ=
=
KONM=
=
bñéÉêáÉåÅÉÇ=ëìééçêí=
tçêêáÉë=~åÇ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=éêçÄäÉãë=
iÉáëìêÉ=~åÇ=ëçÅá~ä=Åçåí~Åíë=
mê~ÅíáÅ~ä=íÜáåÖë=
mÉêëçå~ä=ã~ííÉêë=
=
pÜ~êÉÇ=~ÅíáîáíáÉë=
pÜ~êÉÇ=ÑêáÉåÇë=
pÜ~êÉÇ=äÉáëìêÉ=íáãÉ=
=
tçêâ=
m~áÇ=ïçêâ=
sçäìåíÉÉê=ïçêâ=EåÉáÖÜÄçêëF=
sçäìåíÉÉê=ïçêâ=EçêÖ~åáò~íáçåF=
=
eçìëÉïçêâ=
tçãÉåÛë=ëÜ~êÉ=áå=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=
=
O=
o
=
=é=Y=KNMK===G=é=Y=KMRK==GG=é=Y=KMNK=GGG=é=Y=KMMN=
@
@=
=
KNRV=
jÉåÛë=ã~êáí~ä=Ü~ééáåÉëë=çîÉê=íÜÉ=äáÑÉ=ÅçìêëÉ=
dÉåÉê~ääóI= ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ= íÜÉ= ã~å= ÇçÉë= åçí= áåîÉëí= ëç= ãìÅÜ= áå= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéI= ïÉ=
ÉñéÉÅíÉÇ= Üáë= Ü~ééáåÉëë= áå= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= íç= ÄÉ= ãçêÉ= ~= ÑìåÅíáçå= çÑ= éÉêÑçêãáåÖ=
ãÉ~åáåÖÑìä= ~ÅíáîáíáÉë= áå= íÜÉ= éìÄäáÅ= Ççã~áåI= ëìÅÜ= ~ë= EîçäìåíÉÉêF= ïçêâ= ~åÇ= ïÜ~í= ÜÉ=
éÉêëçå~ääó= ÇÉêáîÉë= Ñêçã= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= Eëìééçêí= Ñêçã= Üáë= ïáÑÉ= çå= ã~ííÉêë= íÜ~í=
ÅçåÅÉêå=Üáã=éÉêëçå~ääóFK=cçê=ãÉå=ïçêâ=áë=áåÇÉÉÇ=êÉä~íÉÇ=íç=íÜÉáê=ã~êáí~ä=Ü~ééáåÉëë=áå=
íÜÉ=ÅÜáäÇJêÉ~êáåÖ=~åÇ=Éãéíó=åÉëí=ëí~ÖÉë=~åÇ=îçäìåíÉÉê=ïçêâ=áå=íÜÉ=êÉíáêÉãÉåí=ëí~ÖÉK=
^äëç= ëìééçêí= çå= éÉêëçå~ä= íÜáåÖë= ~êÉ= êÉä~íÉÇ= íç= íÜÉ= ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëë= çÑ= ãÉåK= qÜÉ=
ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëë= çÑ= ãÉå= áë= ãìÅÜ= äÉëë= êÉä~íÉÇ= íç= ëÜ~êÉÇ= ~ÅíáîáíáÉë= íÜ~å= íÜÉ= ã~êáí~ä=
Ü~ééáåÉëë= çÑ= ïçãÉåK= pÜ~êáåÖ= äÉáëìêÉ= íáãÉ= Ñçê= ãÉå= áë= çåäó= ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åí= áå= íÜÉ= ÅÜáäÇJ
êÉ~êáåÖ=ëí~ÖÉ=~åÇ=ëìééçêí=çå=äÉáëìêÉ=~åÇ=ëçÅá~ä=Åçåí~Åí=çåäó=áå=íÜÉ=éêÉJé~êÉåí~ä=ëí~ÖÉK=
pÜ~êÉÇ= ~ÅíáîáíáÉë= ~åÇ= ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉÇ= ëìééçêí= çå= äÉáëìêÉ= ~åÇ= ëçÅá~ä= Åçåí~Åí= ~êÉ= åçí=
ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åíäó=êÉä~íÉÇ=íç=ã~êáí~ä=Ü~ééáåÉëë=çÑ=ãÉå=áå=íÜÉ=çíÜÉê=ëí~ÖÉëK=
cìêíÜÉêãçêÉI= ïÉ= ÉñéÉÅíÉÇ= íÜ~í= ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= ~ëóããÉíêó= áå= êÉä~íáçå~ä=
áåîÉëíãÉåíI=~äãçëí=~ää=ãÉå=ïçìäÇ=ÄÉ=åÉí=ÄÉåÉÑáÅá~êáÉë=áå=íÉêãë=çÑ=ïÜ~í=íÜÉó=ÇÉêáîÉ=
çîÉê~ää=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=EãÉ~ëìêÉÇ=áå=íÉêãë=çÑ=ÉèìáíóF=~åÇ=íÜìë=íÜÉêÉ=ïçìäÇ=ÄÉ=
E~F=äáííäÉ=î~êá~åÅÉ=áå=Éèìáíó=~åÇ=åç=ÉÑÑÉÅí=çÑ=Éèìáíó=çå=ã~êáí~ä=Ü~ééáåÉëëK=qÜáë=áë=çåäó=
é~êíäó=ÅçåÑáêãÉÇ=Äó=íÜÉ=Ç~í~W=çåäó=Ñçê=íÜÉ=éêÉJé~êÉåí~ä=~åÇ=Éãéíó=åÉëí=ëí~ÖÉëK=få=íÜÉ=
ÅÜáäÇJêÉ~êáåÖ= ~åÇ= êÉíáêÉãÉåíJëí~ÖÉëI= ~åÇ= ÉëéÉÅá~ääó= áå= íÜÉ= ä~ííÉêI= Éèìáíó= áë= áãéçêí~åíK=
jÉå=~êÉ=çå=~îÉê~ÖÉ=ãçêÉ=çÑíÉå=çîÉêÄÉåÉÑáííÉÇ=áå=~ää=ëí~ÖÉë=çÑ=íÜÉ=Ñ~ãáäó=äáÑÉ=ÅçìêëÉ=
EëÉÉ=q~ÄäÉ=RKNFI=áå=ÅÜáäÇJêÉ~êáåÖ=~åÇ=êÉíáêÉãÉåí=ÜçïÉîÉêI=íÜáë=áë=åÉÖ~íáîÉäó=~ëëçÅá~íÉÇ=
íç= íÜÉáê= ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëëK= _ìí= Ñçê= ãÉåI= íççI= ëìééçêí= ÅçåíêáÄìíÉë= ãìÅÜ= ãçêÉ= íç=
ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëë= íÜ~å= Éèìáíó= EÅçãé~êÉ= íÜÉ= Éñéä~áåÉÇ= î~êá~åÅÉ= áå= q~ÄäÉ= RKO= ïáíÜ=
q~ÄäÉ=RKPFK=
táíÜ= êÉÖ~êÇ= íç= íÜÉ= äáÑÉ= ÅçìêëÉ= ïÉ= ÉñéÉÅíÉÇ= íÜ~í= íÜÉ= î~êá~åÅÉ= çå= ã~êáí~ä=
Ü~ééáåÉëë= Éñéä~áåÉÇ= Äó= ëìééçêí= ~åÇ= ïçêâ= ïçìäÇ= ÄÉ= ãìÅÜ= ëã~ääÉê= Ñçê= íÜÉ= éêÉJ
é~êÉåí~ä=éÜ~ëÉ=íÜ~å=Ñçê=íÜÉ=çíÜÉê=ëí~ÖÉë=~åÇ=ä~êÖÉê=Ñçê=íÜÉ=Éãéíó=åÉëí=ëí~ÖÉ=íÜ~å=Ñçê=
íÜÉ=ÅÜáäÇJêÉ~êáåÖ=ëí~ÖÉK=qÜÉëÉ=ÉñéÉÅí~íáçåë=~êÉ=ÅçåÑáêãÉÇ=Äó=íÜÉ=Ç~í~=EëÉÉ=q~ÄäÉë=RKP=
~åÇ= RKQFK= qÜÉ= Éñéä~áåÉÇ= î~êá~åÅÉ= áë= ÜáÖÜÉëí= Ñçê= íÜÉ= Éãéíó= åÉëí= ëí~ÖÉ= EKONR= áå= q~ÄäÉ=
RKPI=KORM=áå=q~ÄäÉ=RKQFK=
få= íÜÉ= êÉíáêÉãÉåí=ëí~ÖÉ=ïÉ= ÉñéÉÅíÉÇ= ~= ãçÇÉëí= áåÅêÉ~ëÉ=áå=ïÜáÅÜ= Éèìáíó= ~åÇ=
ëÜ~êÉÇ=~ÅíáîáíáÉë=ÅçåíêáÄìíÉ=íç=ã~êáí~ä=Ü~ééáåÉëë=Ñçê=ãÉåK=lìê=ÑáåÇáåÖë=Çç=åçí=ÅçåÑáêã=
íÜÉëÉ=ÉñéÉÅí~íáçåëI=~äíÜçìÖÜ=Éèìáíó=áë=ãçêÉ=áãéçêí~åí=áå=êÉíáêÉãÉåí=íÜ~å=áå=íÜÉ=çíÜÉê=
ëí~ÖÉëK= tÉ= ~äëç= ÉñéÉÅíÉÇ= ãçÇÉëí= ÇÉÅêÉ~ëÉ= áå= ïÜáÅÜ= ïçêâ= Ó= îçäìåíÉÉê= ïçêâ= Ó=
ÅçåíêáÄìíÉë= íç= ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëë= Ñçê= ãÉåK= qÜáë= ÉñéÉÅí~íáçå= áë= é~êíäó= ÅçåÑáêãÉÇW=
îçäìåíÉÉê=ïçêâ= Åçìåíë=Ñçê= ~= ëã~ää=áåÅêÉ~ëÉ= áå= Éñéä~áåÉÇ=î~êá~åÅÉ= EKNVR=áå= q~ÄäÉ= RKPI=
KONM=áå=q~ÄäÉ=RKQFI=Äìí=äÉëë=íÜ~å=ïçêâ=áå=íÜÉ=Éãéíó=åÉëí=ëí~ÖÉ=EKONR=áå=q~ÄäÉ=RKPI=KORM=
áå=q~ÄäÉ=RKQFK=cçê=ïçãÉå=íÜÉ=áåÅêÉ~ëÉ=ÄÉíïÉÉå=íÜÉ=íïç=ãçÇÉäë=ï~ë=ãìÅÜ=ä~êÖÉêK=
NMT=
=
cçê=ãÉåI=íççI=íÜÉêÉ=áë=åç=~ëëçÅá~íáçå=ÄÉíïÉÉå=ïçãÉåÛë=ëÜ~êÉ=áå=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=
~åÇ=ã~êáí~ä=Ü~ééáåÉëëK=
=
=
RKR=`çåÅäìëáçå=~åÇ=ÇáëÅìëëáçå=
=
açÉë=ã~êáí~ä=Ü~ééáåÉëë=ÇÉéÉåÇ= çå= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí= íÜáåÖë=Ñçê=ãÉå=~åÇ=Ñçê=ïçãÉå\=fë=íÜÉ=
éêÉJé~êÉåí~ä=ëí~ÖÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=ÅÜáäÇJêÉ~êáåÖ=ëí~ÖÉI=íÜÉ=Éãéíó=åÉëí=ëí~ÖÉ=çê=íÜÉ=
êÉíáêÉãÉåí= ëí~ÖÉ\= aç= ÇÉíÉêãáå~åíë= çÑ= ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëë= ÇÉéÉåÇ= çå= íÜÉ= ëí~ÖÉ= çÑ=
é~êíåÉêëÜáé= çåÉ= áë= áå= ~åÇ= çå= çåÉÛë= ÖÉåÇÉê\= få= íÜáë= ÅÜ~éíÉê= ïÉ= ëÉí= çìí= íç= ~åëïÉê=
íÜÉëÉ=èìÉëíáçåëI=íç=ÖÉåÉê~íÉ=ÉñéÉÅí~íáçåë=ÄÉÑçêÉÜ~åÇI=~åÇ=íÉëí=íÜÉã=ÉãéáêáÅ~ääóK==
cçê=ÖÉåÉê~íáåÖ=ÉñéÉÅí~íáçåëI=ïÉ=ìëÉÇ=íÜÉ=ëçÅá~ä=ê~íáçå~äáíó=~ééêç~ÅÜ=áå=ïÜáÅÜ=
áí= áë= ~êÖìÉÇ= íÜ~í= íÜÉ= âáåÇ= çÑ= ê~íáçå~äáíó= Eçê= äçÖáÅF= íÜ~í= áë= ìëÉÇ= áå= Üìã~å= áåíÉê~Åíáçå=
ÇÉéÉåÇë=çå=íÜÉ=ëáíì~íáçå=EiáåÇÉåÄÉêÖI=OMMNFK=^ééäáÉÇ=íç=ÅçìéäÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéë=çåÉ=Å~å=
ÇáëíáåÖìáëÜ= ÄÉíïÉÉå= ä~êÖÉ= ~åÇ= ëã~ää= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= EiáåÇÉåÄÉêÖI= OMMTFK= pã~ää= ÇÉÅáëáçåë=
ÅçîÉê=~ÅíáîáíáÉë=íÜ~í=êÉéêÉëÉåí=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ=áåîÉëíãÉåíëI=áKÉK=áåîÉëíãÉåíë=íÜ~í=
ã~âÉ= é~êíåÉêë= ãçêÉ= ÇÉéÉåÇÉåí= çå= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= EbåÖä~åÇ= ~åÇ= háäÄçìêåÉI= NVVMFK=
qÜÉ= áãéçêí~åí= éçáåí= Ñçê= ÑìêíÜÉê= éêÉÇáÅíáçåë= áë= íÜ~í= íÜÉ= ~ëóããÉíêó= áå= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJ
ëéÉÅáÑáÅ= áåîÉëíãÉåíë= ÄÉíïÉÉå= ÜìëÄ~åÇ= ~åÇ= ïáÑÉ= áë= ~ëëìãÉÇ= íç= Ü~îÉ= Öêçïå= çîÉê=
íáãÉ=ê~íÜÉê=íÜ~å=ÄÉáåÖ=íÜÉ=êÉëìäí=çÑ=éçïÉê=çê=åÉÖçíá~íáçå=ïáíÜ=~=ïáååÉê=~åÇ=~=äçëÉêK=^=
ä~êÖÉê= ëÜ~êÉ= áå= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= ïçêâ= Äó= íÜÉ= ïçãÉå= áë= íÜÉêÉÑçêÉ= éêÉÇáÅíÉÇ= íç= ÄÉ= åÉìíê~ä=
ïáíÜ= êÉÖ~êÇ= íç= ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëë= Äìí= ÅêìÅá~ääó= áãéçêí~åí= Ñçê= ~= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåíá~ä= ÑçÅìë= çÑ=
ïçãÉå= ~åÇ= ãÉå= çå= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= ~åÇ= ïÜ~í= áí= ãÉ~åë= Ñçê= ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëëK=
_ÉÅ~ìëÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= ãÉÅÜ~åáëã= çÑ= ëã~ää= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= Öê~Çì~ä= ÖêçïíÜ= çÑ= ~å=
~ëóããÉíêó= áå= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ= áåîÉëíãÉåíI= ïÉ= éêÉÇáÅíÉÇ= íÜ~í= íÜáë= ~ëóããÉíêó=
êÉ~ÅÜÉë= áíë= ÜáÖÜ= ïÜÉå= íÜÉ= Éãéíó= åÉëí= ëí~ÖÉ= ÄÉÖáåë= ~åÇ= É~ëÉë= ìé= ëçãÉïÜ~í= áå=
êÉíáêÉãÉåíK=qÜáë=ï~ë=ÅçåÑáêãÉÇ=Äó=çìê=êÉëìäíëK=få=~ÇÇáíáçåI=íÜÉ=ïçã~åÛë=ëÜ~êÉ=áå=íÜÉ=
ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=éÉê=ëÉ=ÇçÉë=åçí=áåÇÉÉÇ=ÅçåíêáÄìíÉ=íç=ã~êáí~ä=Ü~ééáåÉëë=áå=~åó=ëí~ÖÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=
äáÑÉ=ÅçìêëÉK==
_ÉÅ~ìëÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëíêçåÖ=ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅÉ=çå=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéI=ã~êáí~ä=Ü~ééáåÉëë=Ñçê=
íÜÉ= ïçã~å= ï~ë= ÉñéÉÅíÉÇ= ~åÇ= ÑçìåÇ= íç= ÇÉéÉåÇ= èìáíÉ= ÜÉ~îáäó= çå= E~F= Üçï= íÜÉ=
êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=áå=ïÜáÅÜ=ëÜÉ=áåîÉëíë=ëç=ãìÅÜI=ïçêâë=çìí=Ñçê=ÜÉê=~ë=~=ïÜçäÉ=EãÉ~ëìêÉÇ=
Äó= ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉÇ= ÉèìáíóFI= ~åÇ= EÄF= Üçï= ãìÅÜ= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= ÖáîÉë= ÜÉê= áå= íÉêãë= çÑ=
ëÜ~êáåÖ= EÑêáÉåÇë= ~åÇ= äÉáëìêÉ= íáãÉF= ~åÇ= áå= íÉêãë= çÑ= ëìééçêí= Eî~êáçìë= ÑçêãëFK= _ÉÅ~ìëÉ=
íÜÉ= ã~å= ÇçÉë= åçí= áåîÉëí= ëç= ãìÅÜ= áå= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéI= Üáë= Ü~ééáåÉëë= áå= íÜÉ=
êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=ï~ë=ÉñéÉÅíÉÇ=~åÇ=ÑçìåÇ=íç=ÄÉ=ãçêÉ=~=ÑìåÅíáçå=çÑ=éÉêÑçêãáåÖ=ãÉ~åáåÖÑìä=
~ÅíáîáíáÉë= áå= íÜÉ= éìÄäáÅ= Ççã~áå= ëìÅÜ= ~ë= EîçäìåíÉÉêF= ïçêâ= ~åÇ= ïÜ~í= ÜÉ= éÉêëçå~ääó=
ÇÉêáîÉë=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=EãÉ~ëìêÉÇ=Äó=ëìééçêí=Ñêçã=Üáë=ïáÑÉFK=
NMU=
fÑ= ïÉ= íìêå= íç= ëçãÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= ãçêÉ= ÇÉí~áäÉÇ= ÑáåÇáåÖëI= ïÉ= çÄëÉêîÉ= íÜ~í= Ñçê= ÄçíÜ=
é~êíåÉêë= íÜÉ= ãçëí= áãéçêí~åí= ÇÉíÉêãáå~åíë= çÑ= ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëë= ~êÉ= íÜÉ= î~êáçìë=
ëìééçêí=î~êá~ÄäÉëW=íÜÉ=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉÇ=ëìééçêí=çå=ïçêêáÉë=~åÇ=ÜÉ~äíÜI=äÉáëìêÉ=~åÇ=ëçÅá~ä=
Åçåí~ÅíëI= éê~ÅíáÅ~ä= ã~ííÉêë= ~åÇ= éÉêëçå~ä= ã~ííÉêëK= _ìí= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí= ëìééçêí= î~êá~ÄäÉë=
ÅçåíêáÄìíÉ= íç= ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëë= çÑ= ïçãÉå= ~åÇ= ãÉå= áå= íÜÉ= ëÉé~ê~íÉ= ëí~ÖÉëK= cçê=
ïçãÉå= áå= íÜÉ= ÅÜáäÇJêÉ~êáåÖ= ~åÇ= Éãéíó= åÉëí= ëí~ÖÉë= áí= áë= áãéçêí~åí= Ñçê= íÜÉáê= ã~êáí~ä=
Ü~ééáåÉëë=íÜ~í=íÜÉáê=ÜìëÄ~åÇë=ëìééçêí=íÜÉã=ïáíÜ=ïçêêáÉë=~åÇ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=éêçÄäÉãëI=~åÇ=
ÉëéÉÅá~ääó=ïáíÜ=éÉêëçå~ä=ã~ííÉêë=~åÇ=ëÜ~êÉÇ=~ÅíáîáíáÉëK=cçê=ïçãÉå=áå=íÜÉ=ÅÜáäÇJêÉ~êáåÖ=
~åÇ= êÉíáêÉãÉåí= ëí~ÖÉë= áí= ëÉÉãë= íç= ÄÉ= áãéçêí~åí= íÜ~í= Ó= ÄÉëáÇÉë= ëìééçêí= çå= ïçêêáÉë=
~åÇ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=éêçÄäÉãë=~åÇ=ëìééçêí=çå=éÉêëçå~ä=ã~ííÉêë=Ó=íÜÉáê=ÜìëÄ~åÇë=ëìééçêí=íÜÉã=
ïáíÜ=íÜÉáê= çïå=äÉáëìêÉ=~åÇ=ëçÅá~ä=Åçåí~Åíë~åÇ=íÜ~í=íÜÉó= ëÜ~êÉ=~ÅíáîáíáÉë=íçÖÉíÜÉê=~ë=~=
ÅçìéäÉK=qÜáë=áë=áå=äáåÉ=ïáíÜ=ÑáåÇáåÖë=çÑ=eáäÄçìêåÉ=ENVVVFK=pÜÉ=ëí~íÉë=íÜ~í=ëíìÇáÉë=~Äçìí=
êÉíáêÉãÉåí=Ü~îÉ=ëÉäÇçã=êÉÅçÖåáòÉÇ=íÜÉ=éçíÉåíá~ä=ÅçåÑäáÅí=ÄÉíïÉÉåI=çå=íÜÉ=çåÉ=Ü~åÇI=
íÜÉ=çééçêíìåáíó=Ñçê=ÜìëÄ~åÇë=~åÇ=ïáîÉë=íç=ëÜ~êÉ=ãçêÉ=íáãÉ=~åÇ=áåíÉêÉëíë=~åÇI=çå=íÜÉ=
çíÜÉêI= íÜÉ= íÜêÉ~í= íç= íÜÉ= éÉêëçå~ä= ëé~ÅÉ= çÑ= ÄçíÜ= é~êíåÉêëK= qÜÉ= ïçãÉå= áå= ÜÉê= ëíìÇó=
ïÉêÉ= é~êíáÅìä~êäó= ÅçåÅÉêåÉÇ= ïáíÜ= ã~áåí~áåáåÖ= íÜÉáê= çïå= éÉêëçå~ä= ëé~ÅÉ= ~åÇ=
áåÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅÉK=få=íÜÉ=éêÉëÉåí=ëíìÇó=íÜÉêÉ=ï~ë=åç=ÉÑÑÉÅí=çÑ=ëìééçêí=êÉÖ~êÇáåÖ=äÉáëìêÉ=
íáãÉ= ~åÇ= ëÜ~êÉÇ= ~ÅíáîáíáÉë= çå= íÜÉ= ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëë= çÑ= ãÉåK= qÜÉ= ÑáåÇáåÖë= ëìÖÖÉëí=
íÜ~í= íÜÉêÉ= áë= åç= ÅçåÑäáÅí= Ñçê= ãÉå= ÄÉíïÉÉå= ëÜ~êáåÖ= íáãÉ= íçÖÉíÜÉê= ~ë= ~= ÅçìéäÉ= ~åÇ=
ã~áåíÉå~åÅÉ=çÑ=áåÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅóK=
qÜÉ= ïáîÉë= áå= íÜÉ= ëíìÇó= çÑ= eáäÄçìêåÉ= ENVVVF= ïÉêÉ= ~äëç= ÅçåëÅáçìë= íÜ~í= íÜÉó=
ãáÖÜí= äçëÉ= ëí~íìë= ~í= ÜçãÉ= ~ÑíÉê= êÉíáêÉãÉåí= çÑ= íÜÉáê= ÜìëÄ~åÇëK= lå= íÜÉ= çåÉ= Ü~åÇ=
ïçãÉå=ÜçéÉÇ=Ñçê=Ú~=êÉÅçÖåáíáçå=çÑ=ïáÑÉÛë=é~ëí=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçåÛ=~åÇ=íÜ~í=ÚÜìëÄ~åÇë=ïáää=
Ü~îÉ=ãçêÉ=íáãÉ=íç=äáëíÉå=íç=ìëÛI=çå=íÜÉ=çíÜÉê=Ü~åÇ=íÜÉó=ÑÉ~êÉÇ=íÜ~í=ÚíÜÉ=ã~å~ÖÉê=ïáää=
ÅçãÉ=áå=~åÇ=ëí~êí=ã~å~ÖáåÖ=íÜÉ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇÛ=EeáäÄçìêåÉI=NVVVFK=lìê=êÉëìäíë=~êÉ=áå=äáåÉ=
ïáíÜ=íÜÉëÉ=ÑáåÇáåÖëK=tçãÉå=~êÉ=Ü~ééáÉê=áå=íÜÉáê=ã~êêá~ÖÉë=ïÜÉå=íÜÉáê=ÜìëÄ~åÇë=Çç=
åçí=áåíÉêÑÉêÉ=áå=éê~ÅíáÅ~ä=ã~ííÉêë=áå=êÉíáêÉãÉåíK==
qÜÉ=ãÉÅÜ~åáëã=çÑ=ëã~ää=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=Å~ìëÉë=~=ëí~íìë=ëíêìÅíìêÉ=~äçåÖ=íÜÉ=äáåÉë=çÑ=
éêÉëìãÉÇ=ÅçãéÉíÉåÅÉK=pòáåçî~Åë=~åÇ=e~êéëíÉê=ENVVPF=ëìÖÖÉëí=íÜ~í=ÜìëÄ~åÇëÛ=äçëë=
çÑ= íÜÉ= éêçîáÇÉê= êçäÉ= ìéçå= êÉíáêÉãÉåí= ãáÖÜí= ìåÇÉêãáåÉ= Üáë= ëí~íìë= áå= íÜÉ= ã~êêá~ÖÉK=
tçãÉåI=ÜçïÉîÉêI=ãáÖÜí=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉ=~=äçëë=çÑ=ëí~íìë=~ÑíÉê=íÜÉ=íê~åëáíáçå=íç=íÜÉ=Éãéíó=
åÉëí= ëí~ÖÉK= ^= ëçìêÅÉ= çÑ= ëí~íìë= ëìÇÇÉåäó= Çáë~ééÉ~êë= ïÜÉå= ~ää= íÜÉ= ÅÜáäÇêÉå= Ü~îÉ= äÉÑí=
íÜÉ= é~êÉåí~ä= ÜçãÉ= ~åÇ= Ç~áäó= ÅÜáäÇ= Å~êÉ= áë= åç= äçåÖÉê= åÉÉÇÉÇI= ïÜáÅÜ= ~äëç= ~ÑÑÉÅíë= íÜÉ=
~ãçìåí=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=íç=ÇçK=tçãÉå=áå=íÜÉ=Éãéíó=åÉëí=~åÇ=êÉíáêÉãÉåí=ëí~ÖÉë=ã~ó=
ÑáåÇ=åÉï=ëçìêÅÉë=çÑ=ëí~íìë=îá~=ïçêâ=çê=îçäìåíÉÉê=ïçêâK=tÉ=çåäó=ÑçìåÇ=~å= ÉÑÑÉÅí= çÑ=
îçäìåíÉÉê= ïçêâI= åçí= Ñçê= é~áÇ= ïçêâ= ~åÇ= çåäó= áå= íÜÉ= êÉíáêÉãÉåí= ëí~ÖÉK= tçãÉå= áå= íÜÉ=
êÉíáêÉãÉåí=ëí~ÖÉ=ïÜç=Çç=îçäìåíÉÉê=ïçêâ=~êÉ=Ü~ééáÉê=áå=íÜÉáê=ã~êêá~ÖÉëK=fí=íÜìë=ã~ó=
í~âÉ= ëçãÉ= íáãÉ= ÄÉÑçêÉ= ïçãÉåÛë= ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëë= áë= ~ÑÑÉÅíÉÇ= Äó= íÜÉ= ÇçáåÖ= çÑ=
NMV=
îçäìåíÉÉê=ïçêâK=
dÉåÇÉê= áåÉèì~äáíó= áå= ëã~ää= Ç~áäó= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= í~ëâë= ÅçåíáåìÉë= íç= Éñáëí= çîÉê= íÜÉ=
Ñ~ãáäó= äáÑÉ= ÅçìêëÉ= ~åÇ= íÜáë= ÇçÉë= åçí= ~ÑÑÉÅí= ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëëK= tçãÉåÛë= ëÜ~êÉ= áå=
ÜçìëÉïçêâ= áë= åçí= êÉä~íÉÇ= íç= íÜÉ= ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëë= çÑ= ïçãÉå= ~åÇ= ãÉåK= m~íÜ=
ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅó=áãéäáÉë=íÜ~í=Åìëíçãë=~åÇ=Ü~Äáíë=Ü~îÉ=ÑçìåÇ=íÜÉáê=ï~ó=áåíç=ÅçìéäÉëÛ=Ç~áäó=
êÉ~äáíó=~åÇ=íÜçëÉ=Çç=åçí=ÅÜ~åÖÉ=~ÑíÉê=êÉíáêÉãÉåíK=cìêíÜÉêãçêÉI=áå=äáåÉ=ïáíÜ=ÑáåÇáåÖë=çÑ=
pçäçãçå=Éí=~äK=EOMMQFI=íÜÉêÉ=áë=~äãçëí=åç=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉ=áå=ïçãÉåÛë=ëÜ~êÉ=áå=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=
ÄÉíïÉÉå= íÜÉ= î~êáçìë= ëí~ÖÉëK= få= ~ää= ëí~ÖÉë= ïçãÉå= Çç= ÅçåëáÇÉê~Ääó= ãçêÉ= áå= êçìíáåÉ=
ÜçìëÉïçêâ= íÜ~å= ãÉåK= pçãÉ= ëíìÇáÉë= Ü~îÉ= êÉéçêíÉÇ= íÜ~í= ÅçìéäÉë= ÉåÖ~ÖÉ= áå= ãçêÉ=
ëÜ~êáåÖ= çÑ= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= í~ëâë= ~ÑíÉê= êÉíáêÉãÉåí= EaçêÑã~å= ~åÇ= eÉÅâÉêíI= NVUUFI= ïáíÜ=
ÜìëÄ~åÇë= áåÅêÉ~ëáåÖ= íÜÉáê= äÉîÉä= çÑ= é~êíáÅáé~íáçåI= çíÜÉê= ëíìÇáÉë= ëìÖÖÉëí= íÜ~í= åÉïäó=
ëÜ~êÉÇ= Åçåíêçä= çÑ= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= êÉëéçåëáÄáäáíáÉë= ã~ó= ÄÉ= ìåïÉäÅçãÉ= áå= êÉíáêÉãÉåíI=
ÉëéÉÅá~ääó= Ñçê= ïáîÉë= EaçêÑã~å= ~åÇ= eÉÅâÉêíI= NVUUX= eáäÄçìêåÉI= NVVVFK= jçêÉçîÉêI= çìê=
êÉëìäíë=~êÉ=áå=äáåÉ=ïáíÜ=ÑáåÇáåÖë=çÑ=açêÑã~å=~åÇ=eÉÅâÉêí=ENVUUFI=ïÜç=ÑçìåÇ=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=
ã~àçêáíó= çÑ= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= áå= ~ää= Äìí= çåÉ= ÇÉÅáëáçåJã~âáåÖ= ~êÉ~= J= êìååáåÖ= íÜÉ= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= J=
ïÉêÉ=ã~ÇÉ=àçáåíäó=Äó=íÜÉ=ÅçìéäÉ=ÇìêáåÖ=êÉíáêÉãÉåíK==
låÉ= äáãáí~íáçå= çÑ= íÜáë= ëíìÇó= áë= íÜÉ= ÅêçëëJëÉÅíáçå~ä= å~íìêÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= Ç~í~K= qÜÉ=
ïçãÉå= áå= íÜÉ= Éãéíó= åÉëí= ~åÇ= êÉíáêÉãÉåí= ëí~ÖÉë= Ñçê= áåëí~åÅÉ= ã~ó= ÄÉ= ãçêÉ=
íê~Çáíáçå~ä= íÜ~å= ïçãÉå= áå= íÜÉ= ÅÜáäÇJêÉ~êáåÖ= ~åÇ= éêÉJé~êÉåí~ä= ëí~ÖÉë= ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ= íÜÉó=
ã~êêáÉÇ=áå=~=éÉêáçÇ=ïÜÉêÉ=ëéÉÅá~äáò~íáçå=áå=íÜÉ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=ï~ë=~í=áíë=ÜÉáÖÜí=EiáÉÑÄêçÉê=
~åÇ= aóâëíê~I= OMMNFK= h~ìÑã~å= ~åÇ= q~åáÖìÅÜá= EOMMSF= ãÉåíáçå= íÜÉ= ëíêçåÖ= áåÑäìÉåÅÉ= çÑ=
ã~êêá~ÖÉ= ÅçÜçêí= çå= ÄçíÜ=ãÉåÛë= ~åÇ= ïçãÉåÛë=ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëëK= qÜÉó= ëìÖÖÉëí= íÜ~í=
ÄÉëáÇÉë= áåÇáîáÇì~ä= ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅë= íÜÉ= ÅçåíÉñí= áå= ïÜáÅÜ= ã~êêá~ÖÉ= çÅÅìêë= áë= ~äëç=
áãéçêí~åíW= íÜÉ= ä~ëí= Ü~äÑ= çÑ= íÜÉ= OMíÜ= ÅÉåíìêó= éêçîáÇÉÇ= ~= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí= ÉåîáêçåãÉåí= Ñçê=
ã~êêá~ÖÉ= íÜ~å= íÜÉ= Ñáêëí= Ü~äÑ= çÑ= íÜÉ= ÅÉåíìêó= EÇáîçêÅÉ= Ñçê= áåëí~åÅÉ= ÄÉÅ~ãÉ= ãçêÉ=
ÅçããçåFK=tÉ=ÇáÇ= åçí=Åçåíêçä= Ñçê=ã~êêá~ÖÉ=ÅçÜçêíI=~ë=ïÉ=äççâÉÇ=~í=íÜÉ= Ñçìê=Öêçìéë=
ëÉé~ê~íÉäóK=jçëí=ÅçìéäÉë=áå=çìê=ëíìÇó=ÜçïÉîÉêI=ÉîÉå=íÜçëÉ=áå=íÜÉ=êÉíáêÉãÉåí=ëí~ÖÉI=
ã~êêáÉÇ= áå= íÜÉ= ëÉÅçåÇ= Ü~äÑ= çÑ= íÜÉ= OMíÜ= ÅÉåíìêóK= lÑ= íÜÉ= ïçãÉå= áå= íÜÉ= Éãéíó= åÉëí=
ëí~ÖÉI= SMB= Ü~îÉ= ~= é~áÇ= àçÄW= íÜÉ= ëçÅá~ä= åçêã= çÑ= Éèì~äáíó=ÄÉíïÉÉå= ãÉå= ~åÇ= ïçãÉå=
ãáÖÜí=~äëç=~ÑÑÉÅí= íÜÉ= ãÉåí~ä=ãçÇÉä=çÑ=çäÇÉê=ÅçìéäÉëK=píáääI=áí=ïçìäÇ=ÄÉ=ãçêÉ= áÇÉ~ä=áÑ=
ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë=ÄÉíïÉÉå=ëí~ÖÉë=ÅçìäÇ=ÄÉ=ÑçääçïÉÇ=áå=~=äçåÖáíìÇáå~ä=ëíìÇóK==
q~âáåÖ= áåíç= ~ÅÅçìåí= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí= ëí~ÖÉë= çÑ= íÜÉ= Ñ~ãáäó= äáÑÉ= ÅóÅäÉ= Äêç~ÇÉåë= çìê=
ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÖÉåÇÉê=áåÉèì~äáíó=ÄÉíïÉÉå=ãÉå=~åÇ=ïçãÉåK=fåëáÖÜí=áåíç=ä~êÖÉ=
~åÇ=ëã~ää=ÇÉÅáëáçåëI=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ=áåîÉëíãÉåíëI=~åÇ=ÅÜ~åÖÉë=áå=ÇÉíÉêãáå~åíë=
çÑ= ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëë= çîÉê= íÜÉ= äáÑÉ= ÅçìêëÉ= ÅçåíêáÄìíÉë= íç= çìê= ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ= çÑ= íÜÉ=
ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅÉ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåí=áå=~=ÅçìéäÉÛë=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéK==
NNM=
=
=
`Ü~éíÉê=S=
=
=
`çåÅäìëáçå=~åÇ=ÇáëÅìëëáçå=
`Ü~éíÉê=S=
=
=
=
`çåÅäìëáçå=~åÇ=ÇáëÅìëëáçå=
=
=
SKN=fåíêçÇìÅíáçå=
=
eçï= Å~å= ïÉ= Éñéä~áå= íÜ~í= ëç= ã~åó= ÅçìéäÉë= ï~åí= íç= ÇáîáÇÉ= íÜÉ= ìåé~áÇ= ïçêâ= Éèì~ääó=
ÄÉíïÉÉå=ïçã~å=~åÇ=ã~åI=Äìí=íÜ~í=áå=éê~ÅíáÅÉ=ëç=äáííäÉ=ÅÜ~åÖÉë\=eçï=Å~å=ïÉ=Éñéä~áå=
íÜ~í= ÇÉëéáíÉ= ïçãÉåÛë= Éèì~ä= çééçêíìåáíáÉë= çå= íÜÉ= ä~Äçê= ã~êâÉíI= ~åÇ= êÉÖ~êÇäÉëë= çÑ=
íÜÉáê=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=ïçêâáåÖ=ÜçìêëI=ïçãÉå=ëíáää=Çç=íÜÉ=ã~àçêáíó=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=~í=íÜÉ=
ÄÉÖáååáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=íïÉåíóJÑáêëí=ÅÉåíìêó\=lå=~îÉê~ÖÉ=ëçãÉïÜ~í=ãçêÉ=íÜ~å=TRB=çÑ=íÜÉ=
ãÉå= ~åÇ= åçíJïçêâáåÖ= ïçãÉå= ~ÖêÉÉ= ïáíÜ= íÜÉ= éêçéçëáíáçå= íÜ~í= ãÉå= ~åÇ= ïçãÉå=
ëÜçìäÇ=Éèì~ääó= ÇáîáÇÉ= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=ïçêâ=ÄÉíïÉÉå=íÜÉãK=tçãÉå=ïÜç= Ü~îÉ=~= é~áÇ=àçÄ=
~êÉ=ÉîÉå=ëíêçåÖÉê=~ÇîçÅ~íÉë=çÑ=í~ëâJëÜ~êáåÖW=UPB=ÉåÇçêëÉ=~=ÑáÑíóJÑáÑíó=Çáîáëáçå=Ep`mI=
OMMSFK=q~ëâJëÜ~êáåÖ=áë=ÉîÉå=ãçêÉ=áãéçêí~åí=Ñçê=íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÅÜáäÇ=Å~êÉW=VMB=~ÖêÉÉë=
çå= íÜÉ= éêçéçëáíáçå= íÜ~í= ãÉå= ~åÇ= ïçãÉå= ~êÉ= Éèì~ääó= êÉëéçåëáÄäÉ= Ñçê= íÜÉ= Å~êÉ= Ñçê=
ÅÜáäÇêÉåK= tÉ= ëÉÉ= ~= ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅó= ÄÉíïÉÉå= ïÜ~í= éÉçéäÉ= íÜáåâ= áë= êáÖÜí= ~åÇ= ïÜ~í= íÜÉó=
~Åíì~ääó=éê~ÅíáÅÉW=ÄÉíïÉÉå=íÜÉ=ëçÅá~ä=åçêã=~åÇ=Ç~áäó=êÉ~äáíóK=få=íÜáë=ÄççâI=ïÉ=ëíìÇáÉÇ=
íÜÉ= èìÉëíáçå= Üçï= Å~å= ïÉ= Éñéä~áå= íÜÉ= çåÖçáåÖ= ìåÉèì~ä= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ìåé~áÇ= ïçêâ=
ÄÉíïÉÉå= ïçãÉå= ~åÇ= ãÉåI= ÇÉëéáíÉ= íÜÉ= ïáÇÉäó= ëÜ~êÉÇ= ëçÅá~ä= åçêã= ~Äçìí= Éèì~ääó=
ëÜ~êáåÖ=íÜáë=ïçêâ\=
qÜÉ=ëíìÇó=ÑçääçïÉÇ=~=íÜÉçêó=çÑ=ëçÅá~ä=ê~íáçå~äáíóI=ïÜáÅÜ=~ëëìãÉë=íÜ~í=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=
äçÖáÅë=~êÉ=ìëÉÇ=áå=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=ëçÅá~ä=ëáíì~íáçåë=EiáåÇÉåÄÉêÖI=OMMNFK=qÜáë=ëçÅá~ä=ê~íáçå~äáíó=
~ééêç~ÅÜ= áë= ~ééäáÉÇ= íç= ÅçìéäÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéë= Äó= ã~âáåÖ= ~= ÇáëíáåÅíáçå= ÄÉíïÉÉå= ä~êÖÉ=
~åÇ=ëã~ää=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=áå=íÜÉ=ÅçìéäÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=EiáåÇÉåÄÉêÖI=OMMTFK=bñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=ä~êÖÉ=
ÇÉÅáëáçåë= ~êÉ= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= íÜ~í= ~ÑÑÉÅí= êÉëçìêÅÉë= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= áíëÉäÑI= ëìÅÜ= ~ë=
ïÜÉêÉ=íç=äáîÉI=Üçï=íç=~êê~åÖÉ=~åÇ=ëÜ~êÉ=ëé~ÅÉ=áå=íÜÉ=ÜçìëÉI=ïÜÉíÜÉê=~åÇ=Üçï=ãìÅÜ=
~= é~êíåÉê= ïçêâëI= ÄáÖ= ÉñéÉåëÉë= ëìÅÜ= ~ë= ÄìóáåÖ= ~= Å~ê= çê= ~= ÜçìëÉ= ÉíÅKX= Éñ~ãéäÉë= çÑ=
ëã~ää=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=~êÉ=Ñçê=áåëí~åÅÉ=ïÜç=ëÜçìäÇ=í~âÉ=çìí=íÜÉ=Ö~êÄ~ÖÉI=ïÜç=ëÜçìäÇ=ÅççâI=
ïÜç=ëÜçìäÇ=Çç=íÜÉ=ÇáëÜÉëI=ïÜç=ëÜçìäÇ=ÅäÉ~å=íÜÉ=ÜçìëÉI=íÜÉ=âáíÅÜÉåI=íÜÉ=Ä~íÜêççãI=
ÉíÅK=qÜÉ=äçÖáÅë=áå=íÜÉëÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=ëáíì~íáçåë=~êÉ= äáîáåÖ=ìé=íç=íÜÉ=Éèì~äáíó=åçêã=Ñçê=íÜÉ=
ä~êÖÉ= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= áå= íÜÉ= ÅçìéäÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= ~åÇ= ~= ÅçãÄáå~íáçå= çÑ= í~ëâJëéÉÅáÑáÅ= åçêãë=
EhåáàåI= NVVQX= s~å= tÉä= ~åÇ= håáàåI= OMMSF= ~åÇ= ~= ãÉÅÜ~åáëã= çÑ= ÉñéÉÅí~íáçå= ëí~íÉë=
E_ÉêÖÉêI=NVTQF=Ñçê=íÜÉ=ëã~ää=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=áå=íÜÉ=ÅçìéäÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=áå=ïÜáÅÜ=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉ=
~åÇ= ëíÉêÉçíóéáÅ~ä= åçíáçåë= äÉ~Ç= íç= ÉñéÉÅí~íáçåë= ~Äçìí= ïÜç= Å~å= ÑìäÑáää= íÜÉ= ëã~ää= Ç~áäó=
NNP=
í~ëâë= ÄÉííÉêK= qÜÉ= Åìãìä~íáîÉ= ÉÑÑÉÅíë= çÑ= ëìÅÜ= ëã~ää= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= ïáää= ÄÉ= ~= ëí~íìë=
ëíêìÅíìêÉ= ~äçåÖ= íÜÉ= äáåÉë= çÑ= éêÉëìãÉÇ= ÅçãéÉíÉåÅÉ= E_ÉêÖÉê= ~åÇ= `çååçêI= NVTQX=
oáÇÖÉï~ó= ~åÇ= t~äâÉêI= NVVRF= ïÜáÅÜI= áå= íìêåI= êÉáåÑçêÅÉë= íÜÉ= áåáíá~ä= ÉñéÉÅí~íáçåë= çÑ=
ÅçãéÉíÉåÅÉ= áå= ~ää= ëã~ää= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= íç= ÅçãÉK= _çíÜ= é~êíåÉêë= çÑíÉå= ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉ= íÜÉ=
ïçã~å= íç= ÄÉ= ~åÇ= ëíÉêÉçíóéáÅ~ääó= ÉñéÉÅí= ÜÉê= íç= ÄÉ= ÄÉííÉê= áå= ã~åó= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= í~ëâë=
íÜ~å=íÜÉ=ã~åK=qÜÉ=êÉëìäí=áë=~=IÅìãìä~íáçå=ÖççÇÒ=Eçê=Ä~ÇF=ïÜáÅÜ=ï~ë=åÉîÉê=ÇÉÅáÇÉÇ=
çå=Äìí=áë=åçåÉíÜÉäÉëë=íÜÉ=éêçÇìÅí=çÑ=ã~åó=ëã~ää=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=EiáåÇÉåÄÉêÖI=NVUSFK=qÜáë=
ãÉÅÜ~åáëã=íÜìë=ÅêÉ~íÉë=~=êÉáåÑçêÅáåÖ=éêçÅÉëë=íÜ~í=äÉ~Çë=íç=Åìãìä~íáîÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë=áå=
í~ëâ=~ëëáÖåãÉåí=íÜ~í=Ü~Ç=åÉîÉê=ÄÉÉå=åÉÖçíá~íÉÇ=çê=~ÖêÉÉÇ=çå=~ë=~=é~Åâ~ÖÉ=~åÇ=íÜ~í=
ãçêÉ=çê=äÉëë=ëáãéäó=Ü~ééÉåÉÇ=EhçãíÉêI=NVURX=s~å=ÇÉê=sáååÉI=NVVUFK==
få=`Ü~éíÉê=O=ïÉ=ëí~êíÉÇ=ïáíÜ=~=ãÉíÜçÇçäçÖáÅ~ä=áëëìÉK=qÜÉ=ÑçÅìë=çÑ=íÜáë=ÅÜ~éíÉê=
áë= çå= íÜÉ= ãÉ~ëìêÉãÉåí= çÑ= íÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâK= `Ü~éíÉêë= P= íç= R= áåÅäìÇÉ= ~=
ÇáëÅìëëáçå= çå= íÜÉ= ëéÉÅáÑáÅ= ~ééäáÅ~íáçå= çÑ= íÜÉ= íÜÉçêó= çÑ= ëçÅá~ä= ê~íáçå~äáíó= çå= é~êíåÉê=
êÉä~íáçåëÜáéëK=få=ëÉÅíáçå=SKOI=ïÉ=ëìãã~êáòÉ=íÜÉ=ÉãéáêáÅ~ä=ÑáåÇáåÖë=Ñêçã=`Ü~éíÉêë=O=íç=
RK=få=ëÉÅíáçå=SKP=ïÉ=ÇáëÅìëë=íÜÉ=íÜÉçêÉíáÅ~ä=~åÇ=ëçÅá~ä=áãéäáÅ~íáçåëI=íÜÉ=äáãáí~íáçåë=çÑ=
íÜáë=ëíìÇóI=~åÇ=ÑìíìêÉ=êÉëÉ~êÅÜK=
=
=
SKO=pìãã~êó=çÑ=ÑáåÇáåÖë=
=
få= íÜÉ= khmpI= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáîÉ= ëÜ~êÉ= çÑ= ÄçíÜ= é~êíåÉêë= áå= î~êáçìë= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= í~ëâë= Ó=
ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= ïçêâI= ÅÜáäÇ= Å~êÉ= ~åÇ= Éãçíáçå= ïçêâ= Ó= áë= êÉéçêíÉÇ= Äó= ÄçíÜ= é~êíåÉêëK=
eçïÉîÉêI=ÜìëÄ~åÇë=~åÇ= ïáîÉë=Çç= åçí=~äï~óë=ÖáîÉ=íÜÉ=ë~ãÉ=~åëïÉêë=çå=íÜÉ=ë~ãÉ=
áíÉãK=qÜ~íÛë=ïÜó=ïÉ=ëí~êíÉÇ=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=èìÉëíáçå=ïÜáÅÜ=~åëïÉêë=ïÉ=ëÜçìäÇ=áåÅäìÇÉ=áå=
çìê= ~å~äóëÉëW= íÜÉ= ~åëïÉêë= çÑ= ïáîÉëI= íÜÉ= ~åëïÉêë= çÑ= ÜìëÄ~åÇë= çê= ~= ÅçãÄáå~íáçå= çÑ=
ÄçíÜ\=cìêíÜÉêãçêÉI=êÉÅÉåí=ëíìÇáÉë=ëíêÉëë=íÜÉ=áãéçêí~åÅÉ=çÑ=ÅçåëáÇÉêáåÖ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë=
áå= ~åëïÉêë= ÄÉíïÉÉå= ÜìëÄ~åÇë= ~åÇ= ïáîÉë= ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ= áí= ã~ó= éêçîáÇÉ= ìë= ïáíÜ= áÇÉ~ë=
~Äçìí=íÜÉ=Çóå~ãáÅë=ìåÇÉêäóáåÖ=íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâK=qÜÉ=êÉëÉ~êÅÜ=èìÉëíáçå=áå=
`Ü~éíÉê= O= ï~ëW= ÚtÜó= Çç= é~êíåÉêë= çÑíÉå= Ü~îÉ= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí= éÉêÅÉéíáçåë= çÑ= É~ÅÜ= çíÜÉêëÛ=
ÅçåíêáÄìíáçåë=íç=ÜçìëÉïçêâ\Û==
tÉ=Éñ~ãáåÉÇ=íÜÉ=ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅó=áå=ÜìëÄ~åÇëÛ=~åÇ=ïáîÉëÛ=êÉéçêíë=çå=íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=
çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= Äó= äççâáåÖ= ~í= î~êáçìë= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= ïçêâI= ÅÜáäÇ= Å~êÉ= ~åÇ= Éãçíáçå= ïçêâ=
í~ëâëK=^ää=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=~åÇ=ÅÜáäÇ=Å~êÉ=í~ëâë=ëÜçï=~=ëí~íáëíáÅ~ääó=ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åí=ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅóK=
lå=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=ïçêâ=áíÉãë=íÜÉ=éÉêÅÉåí~ÖÉë=ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅó=î~êó=Ñêçã=OUB=çå=éêÉé~êáåÖ=
ãÉ~äë= íç= QVB= çå= çÇÇ= àçÄëK= qÜÉ= éÉêÅÉåí~ÖÉë= ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅó= çå= ÅÜáäÇ= Å~êÉ= áíÉãë= î~êó=
Ñêçã=PMB=çå=Ä~íÜáåÖ=ÅÜáäÇêÉå=~åÇ=ÜÉäéáåÖ=íÜÉã=íç=ÖÉí=ÇêÉëëÉÇ=íç=QOB=Ñçê=ëí~óáåÖ=~í=
ÜçãÉ=ïÜÉå=~=ÅÜáäÇ=áë=áää=~åÇLçê=ÖÉííáåÖ=çìí=çÑ=ÄÉÇ=~í=åáÖÜíK==
NNQ=
tÉ=ÉñéÉÅíÉÇ=íÜ~í=Éãçíáçå=ïçêâ=áë=~=ÇáãÉåëáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ìåé~áÇ=ïçêâ=
íÜ~í= áë=ãçêÉ= ÇáÑÑáÅìäí= íç= âÉÉé= íê~Åâ= çÑ=íÜ~å= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=ïçêâ= çê=ÅÜáäÇ= Å~êÉK=fí=áë= çÑíÉå=
êÉÑÉêêÉÇ=íç=~ë=ÚáåîáëáÄäÉÛ=ïçêâK=bãçíáçå=ïçêâ=êÉÑÉêë=íç=ëìÅÜ=í~ëâë=~ë=ÖáîáåÖ=~ÇîáÅÉ=íç=
çåÉÛë= é~êíåÉê= çê= ëÜçïáåÖ= áåíÉêÉëí= áå= íÜÉ= éÉêëçå~ä= äáÑÉ= çÑ= çåÉÛë= é~êíåÉêK= sáêíì~ääó= åç=
ëóëíÉã~íáÅ= ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅó= ï~ë= ÑçìåÇ= Ñçê= íÜÉëÉ= áíÉãëI= ïÜáÅÜ= ã~ó= êÉëìäí= Ñêçã= íÜÉ=
é~êíåÉêëÛ=ä~Åâ=çÑ=~ÅÅìê~íÉ=îáÉïë= çå=íÜÉ=Éãçíáçå=ïçêâ=íÜ~í=áë= ÇçåÉK=^åçíÜÉê=ï~ó=çÑ=
éìííáåÖ=áí=áë=íç=ë~ó=íÜ~í=íÜÉëÉ=í~ëâë=~êÉ=äÉëë=èì~åíáÑá~ÄäÉI=äÉ~ÇáåÖ=íç=~=äÉëë=ÅäÉ~ê=îáÉï=
çÑ=íÜÉ=çíÜÉê=é~êíåÉêÛë=ëÜ~êÉK=
bñéä~å~íáçåë= Ñçê= êÉëéçåëÉ= ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅáÉë= ïÉêÉ= ÑçìåÇ= ÉëéÉÅá~ääó= áå=
ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅçìéäÉK=tÉ=ÉñéÉÅíÉÇ=ÜìëÄ~åÇë=~åÇ=ïáîÉë=íç=çîÉêÉëíáã~íÉ=íÜÉ=
ÅçåíêáÄìíáçå= çÑ= íÜÉáê= é~êíåÉêë= ïÜÉå= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= èì~äáíó= áë= ÜáÖÜK= mÉçéäÉ= áå= ÅäçëÉ=
êÉä~íáçåëÜáéë= ãáÖÜí= Ü~êÄçê= IéçëáíáîÉ= áääìëáçåëÒ= ~Äçìí= É~ÅÜ= çíÜÉêW= íÜÉó= ÉãéÜ~ëáòÉ=
íÜÉáê= é~êíåÉêëÛ= îáêíìÉëI= ~åÇ= ~êÉ= ãçíáî~íÉÇ= íç= çîÉêäççâ= íÜÉáê= Ñ~ìäíëK= mçëáíáîÉ= Äá~ëÉë=
ãáÖÜí= ÜÉäé= íç= ã~âÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéë= ïçêâ= Ejìêê~óI= eçäãÉëI= ~åÇ= dêáÑÑáåI= NVVSX= d~ÄäÉI=
oÉáëI= ~åÇ= açïåÉó= OMMPX= j~åÇÉã~âÉêë= ~åÇ= aóâëíê~I= ÑçêíÜÅçãáåÖFK= m~êíåÉêë= ïáíÜ=
éççê=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=èì~äáíó=ãáÖÜí=ÄÉ=ãçíáî~íÉÇ=åçí=íç=ëÉÉ=ÅçåëíêìÅíáîÉ=ÄÉÜ~îáçê=çÑ=íÜÉ=
çíÜÉêW= íÜÉó= ãáÖÜí= ìåÇÉêÉëíáã~íÉ= íÜÉ= ÅçåíêáÄìíáçå= çÑ= íÜÉ= é~êíåÉê= Eçê= çîÉêÉëíáã~íÉ=
íÜÉáê= çïåFK= fåÇÉÉÇI= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= èì~äáíó= ï~ë= íÜÉ= ëíêçåÖÉëí= éêÉÇáÅíçê= çÑ=
çîÉêÉëíáã~íáçåW=é~êíåÉêë=çîÉêÉëíáã~íÉ=íÜÉáê=çïå=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçåë=ïÜÉå=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=
èì~äáíó=áë=äçïÉêK=
eçï=ÅçìéäÉë=ÇáîáÇÉ=é~áÇ=ïçêâ=ÄÉíïÉÉå=íÜÉã=EÉ~êåÉê=íóéÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=Ñ~ãáäóF=ï~ë=
~åçíÜÉê= Ñ~Åíçê=íÜ~í= ÅçåíêáÄìíÉë= íç= íÜÉ= Éñéä~å~íáçå= çÑ= ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅóK= få= ÅçìéäÉë= ïÜÉêÉ=
íÜÉ=ïçã~å=Ü~ë=~=ëã~ää=é~êíJíáãÉ=àçÄ=çîÉêÉëíáã~íáçå=çÅÅìêëK=fí=ã~ó=ÄÉ=íÜÉ=Å~ëÉ=íÜ~í=
ïáîÉë=áå=íÜÉëÉ=ÅçìéäÉë=ÑáåÇ=áí=ìåÑ~áê=íÜ~í=íÜÉó=Çç=ãçëí=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=ïçêâ=ïÜáäÉ=
íÜÉó= ~äëç= Ü~îÉ= ~= ëã~ää= é~êíJíáãÉ= àçÄK= fí= áë= íÜìë= åçí= íÜÉ= ÚëÉÅçåÇ= ëÜáÑíÛ= EeçÅÜëÅÜáäÇ=
NVUVF=áå=Çì~ä=É~êåÉê=Ñ~ãáäáÉë=áå=ïÜáÅÜ=ÄçíÜ=é~êíåÉêë=ïçêâ=Éèì~ä=Üçìêë=íÜ~í=áë=êÉä~íÉÇ=
íç=íÜÉ=ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅóI=Äìí=ÇçáåÖ=íÜÉ=ëÉÅçåÇ=ëÜáÑí=áå=~ÇÇáíáçå=íç=~=Eëã~ääF=é~êíJíáãÉ=àçÄK==
cìêíÜÉêãçêÉI= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= ëí~íìë= ï~ë= êÉä~íÉÇ= íç= êÉëéçåëÉ= ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅóK=
`çÜ~ÄáíáåÖ=ÅçìéäÉë=ãáÖÜí=ëíêáîÉ=Ñçê=Éèìáíó=ãçêÉ=íÜ~å=ã~êêáÉÇ=ÅçìéäÉë=ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ=íÜÉó=
~êÉ= äÉëë= ëÉÅìêÉ= ~Äçìí= íÜÉ= ÑìíìêÉ= çÑ= íÜÉáê= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéK= qÜÉáê= ÅçããáíãÉåí= íç= íÜÉ=
êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= áë= äáâÉäó= íç= ÄÉ= äçïÉê= íÜ~å= Ñçê= ã~êêáÉÇ= ÅçìéäÉë= ~åÇ= íÜÉêÉÑçêÉ= ~äëç= íÜÉáê=
ïáääáåÖåÉëë= íç= áåîÉëí= áå= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= ê~íÜÉê= íÜ~å= áå= íÜÉáê= çïå= äáÑÉ= ÅÜ~åÅÉëK= tÉ=
ëìÖÖÉëíÉÇ=íÜ~í=áÑ=áåîÉëíáåÖ=áå=ìåé~áÇ=ÇçãÉëíáÅ=ä~Äçê=áë=~=ïÉáÖÜíó=áëëìÉ=Ñçê=é~êíåÉêë=Ó=
~ë=áí=éêçÄ~Ääó=áë=áå=ÅçÜ~Äáí~íáçå=ÓI=íÜÉó=~êÉ=ãçêÉ=çÑíÉå=áåÅäáåÉÇ=íç=çîÉêÉëíáã~íÉ=íÜÉáê=
çïå=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçå=íç=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=í~ëâëK=
tÉ= ÑçìåÇ= íÜ~í= ëÜçêíÉê= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= Çìê~íáçå= äÉ~Çë= íç= ãçêÉ= çîÉêÉëíáã~íáçå= çÑ=
ÜìëÄ~åÇ= ~åÇ= ïáÑÉ= çå= ÚÑÉã~äÉÛ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= í~ëâëK= cçê= Úã~äÉÛ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= í~ëâë= åç=
êÉä~íáçå= ÄÉíïÉÉå= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= Çìê~íáçå= ~åÇ= êÉëéçåëÉ= ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅó= ï~ë= ÑçìåÇI= Ñçê=
NNR=
Éãçíáçå=ïçêâ= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáçå= ï~ë= çééçëáíÉW= äçåÖÉê= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= Çìê~íáçå= äÉ~Çë=íç= ãçêÉ=
çîÉêÉëíáã~íáçå= çÑ= ÜìëÄ~åÇ= ~åÇ= ïáÑÉ= ~åÇ= íÜìë= íç= ãçêÉ= êÉëéçåëÉ= ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅóK= qÜáë=
ÑáåÇáåÖ=ãáÖÜí=ÄÉ=êÉä~íÉÇ=íç=íÜÉ=èì~åíáÑá~Äáäáíó=çÑ=í~ëâëW=ÇìêáåÖ=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=Éãçíáçå=
ïçêâ= í~ëâë= ã~ó= áåÅêÉ~ëÉ= çê= ÄÉÅçãÉ= ãçêÉ= ÅçãéäÉñI= Ñçê= áåëí~åÅÉ= ïÜÉå= ÅÜáäÇêÉå= áå=
íÜÉ= Ñ~ãáäó= Öêçï= ìéI= íÜáë= áåÅêÉ~ëÉ= ãáÖÜí= åçí= ÄÉ= ëÉÉå= Äó= íÜÉ= é~êíåÉêI= ëáåÅÉ= âÉÉéáåÖ=
íê~Åâ=çÑ=íÜÉëÉ=í~ëâë=áë=ãçêÉ=ÇáÑÑáÅìäíK=
cáå~ääóI= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë= ÄÉíïÉÉå= é~êíåÉêë= áå= ÖÉåÇÉê= áÇÉçäçÖó= ã~ííÉêÉÇK= tÉ=
ÉñéÉÅíÉÇ=íÜ~í=ÜìëÄ~åÇë=~åÇ=ïáîÉë=ïáíÜ=ãçêÉ=ÉÖ~äáí~êá~å=~ííáíìÇÉë=ëíêáîÉ=Ñçê=~=ãçêÉ=
Éèì~ä= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= ~åÇ= ãáÖÜí= íÜÉêÉÑçêÉ= çîÉêÉëíáã~íÉ= íÜÉ= ÜìëÄ~åÇÛë=
ÅçåíêáÄìíáçå=íç=ÜçìëÉïçêâK=tÉ=ÑçìåÇ=~=ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åí=ÅçêêÉä~íáçå=çå=ÚÑÉã~äÉÛ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=
í~ëâë= Ñçê= ãÉå= ïáíÜ= ãçêÉ= ÉÖ~äáí~êá~å= ~ííáíìÇÉë= íÜ~å= íÜÉáê= ïáîÉëK= qÜÉëÉ= ãÉå=
çîÉêÉëíáã~íÉ=íÜÉáê=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçåK=
dÉåÉê~ääóI= ëÅÜçä~êë= Ü~îÉ= ÑçìåÇ= íÜ~í= ÄçíÜ= ÜìëÄ~åÇë= ~åÇ= ïáîÉë= çîÉêÉëíáã~íÉ=
íÜÉáê=çïå=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçå=íç=ÜçìëÉïçêâK=tÉ=ÜçïÉîÉê=ÇáÇ=åçí=âåçï=~åóíÜáåÖ=~Äçìí=íÜÉ=
ÚêÉ~äÛ=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçåë=çÑ=ÜìëÄ~åÇë=~åÇ=ïáîÉëW=çîÉêÉëíáã~íáçå=ï~ë=çåäó=ìëÉÇ=áå=êÉä~íáçå=
íç= íÜÉ= êÉéçêí= çÑ= íÜÉ= çíÜÉê= é~êíåÉêK= _ó= Ñçêãìä~íáåÖ= ~åÇ= íÉëíáåÖ= ÜóéçíÜÉëÉë= ~Äçìí=
ìåÇÉêäóáåÖ= ãÉÅÜ~åáëãë= êÉÖ~êÇáåÖ= çîÉêÉëíáã~íáçå= çê= ìåÇÉêÉëíáã~íáçåI= ïÉ= Ü~îÉ=
Ö~áåÉÇ= ëçãÉ= áåëáÖÜí= áåíç= ïÜÉíÜÉê= áí= áë= íÜÉ= ïáÑÉI= íÜÉ= ÜìëÄ~åÇ= çê= ÄçíÜ= ïÜç=
çîÉêÉëíáã~íÉK=jçëí=çÑ=~ääI=ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅó=áë=~=ÅçãéäÉñ=éÜÉåçãÉåçå=íÜ~í=áë=åçí=É~ëó=íç=
ìåê~îÉäK=dáîÉå=íÜáë=ÅçãéäÉñáíó=ïÉ=ìëÉÇ=íÜÉ=~åëïÉêë=çÑ=ÄçíÜ=ÜìëÄ~åÇë=~åÇ=ïáîÉë=áå=
íÜÉ= ~å~äóëÉë= çÑ= `Ü~éíÉêë= PI= QI= ~åÇ= RK= tÉ= Å~äÅìä~íÉÇ= íÜÉ= ãÉ~å= çÑ= ÄçíÜ= ~åëïÉêë= çå=
ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=ïçêâ=áíÉãë=íç=Çç=àìëíáÅÉ=íç=~ää=íÜÉ=ãÉÅÜ~åáëãë=íÜ~í=~êÉ=~í=ïçêâK=
få=`Ü~éíÉê=P=ïÉ=~ééäáÉÇ=íÜÉ=íÜÉçêó=çÑ=ëçÅá~ä=ê~íáçå~äáíó=áå=ÅçìéäÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéë=
Ó=íÜÉ=ãÉÅÜ~åáëã=çÑ=ä~êÖÉ=~åÇ=ëã~ää=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=Ó=íç=éçêí~ÄäÉ=~åÇ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ=
áåîÉëíãÉåíëK= mçêí~ÄäÉ= áåîÉëíãÉåíë= ã~âÉ= é~êíåÉêë= ãçêÉ= áåÇÉéÉåÇÉåí= çÑ= íÜÉ=
êÉä~íáçåëÜáéK= oÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ= áåîÉëíãÉåíë= ã~âÉ= é~êíåÉêë= ãçêÉ= áåíÉêÇÉéÉåÇÉåí=
EbåÖä~åÇ= ~åÇ= háäÄçìêåÉI= NVVMFK= qÜÉ= éçêí~ÄäÉ= áåîÉëíãÉåíë= áå= íÜáë= ÅÜ~éíÉê= ïÉêÉ=
áåîÉëíãÉåíë=áå=é~áÇ= ïçêâ= Üçìêë= ~åÇ= ëÉé~ê~íÉ= éÉêëçå~ä= ÑêáÉåÇë=~åÇ= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJ
ëéÉÅáÑáÅ= áåîÉëíãÉåíë= ïÉêÉ=áåîÉëíãÉåíë=áå= ÜçìëÉïçêâ=~åÇ=ëìééçêí=çÑ= íÜÉ= é~êíåÉê= áå=
ïçêâ= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= ~åÇ= éê~ÅíáÅ~ä= ã~ííÉêëK= qÜÉëÉ= éçêí~ÄäÉ= ~åÇ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ=
áåîÉëíãÉåíë= ïÉêÉ= ÅçãÄáåÉÇ= áåíç= çåÉ= ä~íÉåí= Åä~ëë= ãçÇÉäK= cçìê= IÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅó=
Åä~ëëÉëÒ= ïÉêÉ= ÑçìåÇW= íê~Çáíáçå~ä= íáÖÜí= ÅçìéäÉë= ERQKQBFI= íê~Çáíáçå~ä= äççëÉ= ÅçìéäÉë=
ENSKRBFI=ìåÄ~ä~åÅÉÇ=ÅçìéäÉë=ERKPBFI=~åÇ=éÉÉê=ÅçìéäÉë=EOPKTBFK==
qê~Çáíáçå~ä= íáÖÜí= ÅçìéäÉë= Ü~îÉ= ~= íê~Çáíáçå~ä= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= é~áÇ= ~åÇ= ìåé~áÇ= ïçêâI=
ÜáÖÜ= äÉîÉäë= çÑ= éÉêÅÉáîÉÇ= ëìééçêí= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= äáâÉäáÜççÇ= çÑ= é~êíåÉêë= ëéÉåÇáåÖ= íáãÉ= ïáíÜ=
éÉêëçå~ä=ÑêáÉåÇë=áë=Ñ~áêäó=äçïK=qê~Çáíáçå~ä=äççëÉ=ÅçìéäÉë=~äëç=Ü~îÉ=~=íê~Çáíáçå~ä=Çáîáëáçå=
çÑ= é~áÇ= ~åÇ= ìåé~áÇ= ïçêâI=Äìí= äçïÉê= äÉîÉäë= çÑ= éÉêÅÉáîÉÇ= ëìééçêí= EÉëéÉÅá~ääó= ïçãÉåF=
~åÇ=íÜÉ=äáâÉäáÜççÇ=çÑ=é~êíåÉêë=ëéÉåÇáåÖ=íáãÉ=ïáíÜ=éÉêëçå~ä=ÑêáÉåÇë=áë=ÜáÖÜ=Åçãé~êÉÇ=
NNS=
íç=íÜÉ=çíÜÉê=Åä~ëëÉëK=qÜÉ=ìåÄ~ä~åÅÉÇ=ÅçìéäÉë=~êÉ=Éèì~ääó=äáâÉäó=íç=Öç=Ñçê=~=Çì~ä=É~êåÉê=
Ñ~ãáäó=íóéÉ=~ë=íÜÉó=Öç=Ñçê=~=ÄêÉ~ÇïáååÉê=Ñ~ãáäó=íóéÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=é~áÇ=ïçêâ=~åÇ=íÜÉó=
Ü~îÉ= ~= íê~Çáíáçå~ä= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ìåé~áÇ= ïçêâI= ïçãÉå= ÑÉÉä= ëìééçêíÉÇI= ãÉå= áå= íÜÉëÉ=
ÅçìéäÉë=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉ=îÉêó=äçï=äÉîÉäë=çÑ=ëìééçêíK=qÜÉ=ÑçìêíÜ=ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅó=Åä~ëë=Åçåëáëíë=
çÑ= ÅçìéäÉë= ïÜçëÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= é~áÇ= ~åÇ= ìåé~áÇ= ïçêâ= áë= êÉä~íáîÉäó= Éèìáí~ÄäÉ= ~åÇ= ÄçíÜ=
é~êíåÉêë=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉ=ÜáÖÜ=äÉîÉäë=çÑ=ëìééçêíK=
oÉã~êâ~ÄäÉ=ï~ë=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=äáâÉäáÜççÇ=çÑ=Ü~îáåÖ=~=ëìÄëí~åíáîÉäó=ëâÉïÉÇ=Çáîáëáçå=
çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= áë= îÉêó= ÜáÖÜ= áå= íÜêÉÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= Ñçìê= Åä~ëëÉë= Eíê~Çáíáçå~ä= íáÖÜíI= íê~Çáíáçå~ä=
äççëÉ=~åÇ=ìåÄ~ä~åÅÉÇ=ÅçìéäÉëFK=tÜó=ÇçÉë=íÜáë=ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅó=ÇÉîÉäçé\=få=íÜáë=ÅÜ~éíÉê=
ïÉ= ~êÖìÉÇ= íÜ~í= íÜÉ= äçÖáÅ= çÑ= ëã~ää= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= ~Äçìí= ïÜç= ÇçÉë= ~= é~êíáÅìä~ê= í~ëâ= áë=
ÖçîÉêåÉÇ= Äó= éêÉëìãÉÇ= ÅçãéÉíÉåÅÉI= åçí= Äó= éçïÉêK= få= íÜÉ= ÉóÉë= çÑ= ÄçíÜ= é~êíåÉêëI=
ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉ= ~åÇ= ëíÉêÉçíóéáÅ~ä= ÉñéÉÅí~íáçåë= ã~âÉ= íÜÉ= ïçã~å= ãçêÉ= ÅçãéÉíÉåí= Ñçê=
ãçëí=í~ëâë=áå=íÜÉ= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇX=íÜÉ=Åìãìä~íáîÉ=ÉÑÑÉÅí= çÑ=íÜÉëÉ=ëã~ää=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=áë=íÜ~í=
íÜÉ=ïçã~å=áåîÉëíë=ëìÄëí~åíá~ääó=ãçêÉ=áå=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=íÜ~å=íÜÉ= ã~åI=í~âáåÖ=íáãÉ=
~ï~ó=Ñêçã=éçêí~ÄäÉ=áåîÉëíãÉåíë=íÜ~í=ïçìäÇ=áåÅêÉ~ëÉ=ÜÉê=áåÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅÉK=qÜáë=íÜÉçêó=
ÇáÑÑÉêë= Ñêçã= íÜÉ= êÉëçìêÅÉ= Ä~êÖ~áåáåÖ= íÜÉçêó= íÜ~í= í~âÉë= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ=
áåîÉëíãÉåíë=íç=ÄÉ=íÜÉ=êÉëìäí=çÑ=åÉÖçíá~íáçåë=~Äçìí=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=í~ëâëK==
qÜÉ=ÅÉåíê~ä=èìÉëíáçå=áå=íÜáë=ÅÜ~éíÉê=ï~ë=ïÜÉíÜÉê=áí=áë=éä~ìëáÄäÉ=íç=~ëëìãÉ=íÜ~í=
íÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ä~Äçê= áå= íÜÉ= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= áë= ÇêáîÉå= Äó= íÜÉ= ÇáëíêáÄìíáçå= çÑ= éçêí~ÄäÉ=
êÉëçìêÅÉë=EáKÉK=Äó=åÉÖçíá~íáçå=éçïÉêFK= tÉ=~êÖìÉÇ=íÜ~í=åÉÖçíá~íáçå=áë=çåäó=ìëÉÇ=áå=íÜÉ=
IÄáÖÒ= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= áå=íÜÉ=é~êíåÉê= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéI=~ë= ïÜÉíÜÉê= é~êíåÉêë= ëÜçìäÇ= Ü~îÉ= ~= é~áÇ=
àçÄ=Ñçê=áåëí~åÅÉK=kÉÖçíá~íáçåë=ã~ó=íÜìë=äÉ~Ç=íç=~=äÉëë=ëâÉïÉÇ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=é~áÇ=ïçêâI=
Äìí=åçí=íç=~=äÉëë=ëâÉïÉÇ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ìåé~áÇ=ïçêâK=^äëç=íÜÉ=éÉÉê=ÅçìéäÉë=ëíáää=Ü~îÉ=~=
PMB= äáâÉäáÜççÇ= çÑ= Ü~îáåÖ= ~= ëìÄëí~åíá~ääó= ëâÉïÉÇ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ìåé~áÇ= ïçêâK= fí= áë= îÉêó=
äáâÉäó=íÜ~í=ÉîÉå=áå=éÉÉê=ÅçìéäÉë=ïçãÉå=ã~âÉ=ãçêÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ=áåîÉëíãÉåíë=
íÜ~å= íÜÉáê= ã~äÉ= é~êíåÉêëW= íÜÉ= Åìãìä~íáîÉ= ÉÑÑÉÅí= çÑ= ëã~ää= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= ~äëç= Åçìåíë= Ñçê=
íÜÉãI=çåäó=íç=~=äÉëëÉê=ÉñíÉåíK=qÜÉ=ãçêÉ=Éèìáí~ÄäÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=ïçêâ=çÑ=éÉÉê=
ÅçìéäÉë=áë=îÉêó=äáâÉäó=íÜÉ=êÉëìäí=çÑ=çìíëçìêÅáåÖ=ïÜáÅÜ=êÉÇìÅÉë=íÜÉ=éçëëáÄáäáíáÉë=Ñçê=íÜÉ=
ãÉÅÜ~åáëã=çÑ=ëã~ää=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=íç=çÅÅìêK==
tÉ= ~êÖìÉÇ= íÜ~í= áÑ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ= áåîÉëíãÉåíë= ïÉêÉ= íÜÉ= êÉëìäí= çÑ=
åÉÖçíá~íáçåëI=ïáíÜ=~=ïáååÉê=~åÇ=~=äçëÉêI=íÜÉå=íÜÉëÉ=áåîÉëíãÉåíë=ëÜçìäÇ=~ÑÑÉÅí=ã~êáí~ä=
Ü~ééáåÉëë= åÉÖ~íáîÉäó= ïÜÉå= íÜÉó= ~êÉ= îÉêó= ìåÉèì~äK= fÑI= Äó= Åçåíê~ëíI= íÜÉó= ~êÉ= íÜÉ=
Åìãìä~íáîÉ= êÉëìäí= çÑ= ëã~ää= ÇÉÅáëáçåëI= íÜÉå= íÜÉêÉ= ëÜçìäÇ= ÄÉ= åç= ÅçêêÉä~íáçå= ÄÉíïÉÉå=
íÜÉ= ëâÉïåÉëë= çÑ= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ= áåîÉëíãÉåíë= ~åÇ= ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëëK= tÉ=
ÑçìåÇ=åç=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉ=ÄÉíïÉÉå=íÜÉ=ã~êáí~ä=Ü~ééáåÉëë=çÑ=ãÉå=~åÇ=ïçãÉå=ïÜç=~êÉ=é~êí=
çÑ=~=éÉÉê=ÅçìéäÉ=çê=~=íê~Çáíáçå~ä=íáÖÜí=ÅçìéäÉW=íÜìë=ÄÉíïÉÉå=ÅçìéäÉë=ïáíÜ=~=êÉä~íáîÉäó=
Éèìáí~ÄäÉ= ~åÇ= ~= íê~Çáíáçå~ä= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ= áåîÉëíãÉåíëK= eçïÉîÉêI=
ãÉå=~åÇ=ïçãÉå=ïÜç=~êÉ=é~êí=çÑ=~=íê~Çáíáçå~ä=äççëÉ=ÅçìéäÉ=çê=~å=ìåÄ~ä~åÅÉÇ=ÅçìéäÉ=
NNT=
~êÉ= äÉëë= Ü~ééó= íÜ~å= íÜÉáê= éÉÉê= é~êíåÉê= ÅçìåíÉêé~êíëK= ^= ã~àçê= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉ= ÄÉíïÉÉå=
íê~Çáíáçå~ä= äççëÉ= ~åÇ= ìåÄ~ä~åÅÉÇ= ÅçìéäÉë= çå= íÜÉ= çåÉ= Ü~åÇ= ~åÇ= íê~Çáíáçå~ä= íáÖÜí= ~åÇ=
éÉÉê= ÅçìéäÉë= çå= íÜÉ= çíÜÉê= áë= íÜ~í= íÜÉ= ÑçêãÉê= ~êÉ= ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáòÉÇ= Äó= äçï= äÉîÉäë= çÑ=
é~êíåÉê= ëìééçêíK= fí= ëÉÉãë= íÜÉêÉÑçêÉ= íÜ~í= é~êíåÉê= ëìééçêí= ê~íÜÉê= íÜ~å= íÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ=
é~áÇ=çê=ìåé~áÇ=ä~Äçê=Åçìåíë=Ñçê=ã~êáí~ä=Ü~ééáåÉëëK=
=
få=`Ü~éíÉê=Q=ïÉ=Éñ~ãáåÉÇ=ïÜ~í=ã~âÉë=íÜÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉ=ÄÉíïÉÉå=~å=Éèì~ä=~åÇ=
~å= ìåÉèì~ä= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= í~ëâëK= få= íÜáë= ÅÜ~éíÉêI= íÜÉ= íÜÉçêó= çÑ= ëçÅá~ä=
ê~íáçå~äáíó= áå= ÅçìéäÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéë= Ó= íÜÉ= ãÉÅÜ~åáëã= çÑ= ä~êÖÉ= ~åÇ= ëã~ää= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= Ó=
ï~ë=áåíêçÇìÅÉÇ=áå=~=Äêç~ÇÉê=ëéÉÅíêìã=çÑ=Éñéä~å~íáçåëK=qÜÉ=ÑçÅìë=çÑ=íÜáë=ÅÜ~éíÉê=ï~ë=
çå=Üçï=íÜÉ=ãÉÅÜ~åáëã=çÑ=ä~êÖÉ=~åÇ=ëã~ää= ÇÉÅáëáçåë=Å~å= ÄÉ=~îçáÇÉÇ=áå=ëìÅÜ=~=ï~ó=
íÜ~í=áåÉèì~äáíó=áå=íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=ïçêâ=ÇçÉë=åçí=í~âÉ=éä~ÅÉK=_ó=áåîÉëíáÖ~íáåÖ=
~îçáÇ~åÅÉ=çÑ=áåÉèì~äáíó=áå=íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=ïÉ=ïÉêÉ=~ÄäÉ=íç=ë~ó=ëçãÉíÜáåÖ=
~Äçìí=Üçï=ÉñéäáÅáíäó=çê=ÇÉäáÄÉê~íÉäó=íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=í~ëâë=Ü~ë=ÄÉÉå=éçåÇÉêÉÇ=Äó=ÄçíÜ=
é~êíåÉêëK= qÜÉ= ÇÉéÉåÇÉåí= î~êá~ÄäÉ= EíÜÉ= êÉä~íáîÉ= ëÜ~êÉ= áå= íÜêÉÉ= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= í~ëâëF= ëéäáí=
íÜÉ= ë~ãéäÉ= áåíç= íïç= ÖêçìéëW= çåÉ= ïÜÉêÉ= íÜÉ= ïçã~å= ÇçÉë= ãçêÉ= íÜ~å= íÜÉ= ã~å= ~åÇ=
çåÉ= ïÜÉêÉ= íÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= í~ëâë= çÑ= íÜÉ= ÅçìéäÉ= áë= E~äãçëíF= Éèì~äK= qÜÉ=
èìÉëíáçå= ~ÇÇêÉëëÉÇ= áå= íÜáë= ÅÜ~éíÉê= ï~ëW= ÚtÜ~í= Éñéä~áåë= ~å= Éèì~ä= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ=
ÜçìëÉïçêâ\ÛK=
lå=íÜÉ=Ä~ëáë=çÑ=éêÉîáçìë=ëíìÇáÉë=~åÇ=íÜÉ=ä~êÖÉ=~åÇ=ëã~ää=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=ãÉÅÜ~åáëã=
ïÉ= ÉñéÉÅíÉÇ= íÜ~í= íÜÉ= ÖÉåÇÉê= áÇÉçäçÖó= çê= Éèì~äáíó= åçêã= çÑ= ãÉå= ~åÇ= ïçãÉå= áë= åçí=
êÉä~íÉÇ=íç=Éèì~äáíó= áå= íÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= ïçêâK=pÉé~ê~íÉ=~å~äóëÉë=Ñçê=ïçãÉå=
~åÇ= ãÉå= ÅçåÑáêãÉÇ= íÜáë= ÉñéÉÅí~íáçåW= åç= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= ïáíÜ= ÖÉåÇÉê= áÇÉçäçÖó= ï~ë=
ÑçìåÇK=q~ëâJëéÉÅáÑáÅ= åçêãë=EáåëíÉ~Ç= çÑ= ~Äëíê~Åí= ëçÅá~ä= åçêãëF= áå= ÅçãÄáå~íáçå= ïáíÜ= ~=
ãÉÅÜ~åáëã= çÑ= ÉñéÉÅí~íáçå= ëí~íÉë= ã~ó= áåÇÉÉÇ= äÉ~Ç= íç= ÉñéÉÅí~íáçåë= ~Äçìí= ïÜáÅÜ=
é~êíåÉê=Å~å=Çç=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=í~ëâë=ÄÉííÉê=~åÇ=íç=Åìãìä~íáîÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë=áå=í~ëâ=
~ëëáÖåãÉåí=íÜ~í=ãçêÉ=çê=äÉëë=ëáãéäó=Ü~ééÉåÉÇ=ìåÅçåëÅáçìëäóK=tÉ=ÜóéçíÜÉëáòÉÇ=íÜ~í=
ãçêÉ=ÇÉäáÄÉê~íÉåÉëë=êÉÖ~êÇáåÖ=íÜáë=ÖÉåÇÉêJêÉéêçÇìÅíáîÉ=éêçÅÉëë=ã~ó=ÅçåíêáÄìíÉ=íç=~=
ãçêÉ= Éèì~ä= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= í~ëâë= Äó= êÉÇìÅáåÖ= íÜÉ= ê~åÖÉ= ïáíÜáå= ïÜáÅÜ= ëã~ää=
ÇÉÅáëáçåë=~ééäóK=jçêÉ=ÇÉäáÄÉê~íÉåÉëë=áë=çÄí~áåÉÇ=Äó=~=ëíêçåÖ=~ìíçåçãó=çêáÉåí~íáçå=çê=
äÉ~êåáåÖJÑêçãJÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉK=
^= ëíêçåÖ=~ìíçåçãó= çêáÉåí~íáçå= EãÉ~ëìêÉÇ= Äó=ïÜÉíÜÉê= ~=ÅçìéäÉ= áë= ã~êêáÉÇ= çê=
åçí= ~åÇ= Äó= íÜÉ= ïçêâ= çêáÉåí~íáçå= çÑ= é~êíåÉêëF= ~ë= ïÉää= ~ë= äÉ~êåáåÖJÑêçãJÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉ=
EãÉ~ëìêÉÇ= Äó= íÜÉ= èìÉëíáçå= ïÜÉíÜÉê= ~= é~êíåÉê= äáîÉÇ= ïáíÜ= ëçãÉçåÉ= ÉäëÉ= ÄÉÑçêÉ= íÜÉ=
ÅìêêÉåí=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéF=áåÇÉÉÇ=ÅçåíêáÄìíÉÇ=íç=~=ãçêÉ=Éèì~ä=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâK=qÜÉ=
äáâÉäáÜççÇ= çÑ= ~å= Éèì~ä= Çáîáëáçå= áë= ÖêÉ~íÉê= ïÜÉå= é~êíåÉêë= ~êÉ= ÅçÜ~ÄáíáåÖI= áåëíÉ~Ç= çÑ=
ÄÉáåÖ= ã~êêáÉÇK= tÉ= Å~å= ~ëëìãÉ= íÜ~í= ÅçÜ~ÄáíáåÖ= ïçãÉå= éêçíÉÅí= íÜÉãëÉäîÉë= ~Ö~áåëí=
íÜÉ= êáëâë= çÑ=ëéÉÅá~äáò~íáçå= áå= íÜÉ= Å~ëÉ= çÑ= ~=ëÉé~ê~íáçåW= íÜÉó= åçí= çåäó=ëíêáîÉ= Ñçê= ãçêÉ=
~ìíçåçãó= áå= íÜÉáê= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= Äìí= ~êÉ= ~äëç= ãçêÉ= ï~íÅÜÑìä= ïáíÜ= êÉÖ~êÇ= íç= íÜÉ= íáãÉ=
NNU=
íÜÉó= ëéÉåÇ= çå= íÜÉ= ëÜ~êÉÇ= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇK= qÜÉ= äáâÉäáÜççÇ= áë= ~äëç= ÖêÉ~íÉê= ïÜÉå= ïçãÉå=
Ü~îÉ=~=ëíêçåÖÉê=ïçêâ=çêáÉåí~íáçå=~åÇ=ïÜÉå=ãÉå=Ü~îÉ=~=ïÉ~âÉê=ïçêâ=çêáÉåí~íáçåK=^=
ëíêçåÖ=ÑçÅìë=çÑ=ïçãÉå=çå=íÜÉáê=ïçêâ=Å~êÉÉê=ãáÖÜí=äáãáí=íÜÉ=ëáíì~íáçåë=áå=ïÜáÅÜ=íÜÉ=
äçÖáÅ=çÑ=ÅçãéÉíÉåÅÉ=ê~íÜÉê=íÜ~å=íÜÉ=äçÖáÅ=çÑ=Éèì~äáíó=áå=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=~ééäáÉëI=~åÇ=
íÜìë=ÅçåíêáÄìíÉ=íç=~=ãçêÉ=Éèì~ä=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=í~ëâëK=cáå~ääóI=íÜÉ=äáâÉäáÜççÇ=áë=
ÖêÉ~íÉê= ïÜÉå= ~= é~êíåÉê= äáîÉÇ= ïáíÜ= ~åçíÜÉê= é~êíåÉê= ÄÉÑçêÉK= qÜÉëÉ= ïçãÉå= ~åÇ= ãÉå=
ãáÖÜí= ÄÉ= ãçêÉ= ~ï~êÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= çìíÅçãÉ= çÑ= ~å=ìåÉèì~ä= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= í~ëâë= Ó=
íÜÉó=ãáÖÜí=Ü~îÉ=äÉ~êåÉÇ=Ñêçã=ÑçêãÉê=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉë=ÓI=~åÇ=ã~âÉ=ÄÉííÉê=~ÖêÉÉãÉåíë=áå=
íÜÉ=åÉï=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéK=
cìêíÜÉêãçêÉI=áå=äáåÉ=ïáíÜ=ÑáåÇáåÖë=çÑ=mêÉëëÉê=ENVVQF=~åÇ=_ìä~åÇ~=EOMMQFI=Äìí=áå=
Åçåíê~ëí=íç=çìê=ÉñéÉÅí~íáçåëI=íÜÉ=ÖÉåÇÉê=áÇÉçäçÖó=çÑ=ãÉå=éä~óë=~=êçäÉ=áå=íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=
çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=áÑ=ïÉ=áåÅäìÇÉ=~ää=î~êá~ÄäÉë=çå=íÜÉ=ÅçìéäÉ=äÉîÉäK=jçÇÉêå=ãÉå=~êÉ=äáâÉäó=
íç=ÅçåíêáÄìíÉ=íç=~=ãçêÉ=Éèì~ä=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=ïçêâI=íê~Çáíáçå~ä=ãÉå=íç=~=ãçêÉ=
ìåÉèì~ä=ÇáîáëáçåK=eçïÉîÉêI=~=ä~êÖÉ=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=ãÉå=ïáíÜ=ÉÖ~äáí~êá~å=~ííáíìÇÉë=ëíáää=Ü~îÉ=
~å= ìåÉèì~ä= ÇáîáëáçåW= íÜÉ= éÉêÅÉåí~ÖÉ= çÑ= ÅçìéäÉë= ïáíÜ= ~å= Éèì~ä= Çáîáëáçå= ï~ë= OQI= íÜÉ=
éÉêÅÉåí~ÖÉ=çÑ=ãÉå=ïáíÜ=~å=ÉÖ~äáí~êá~å=~ííáíìÇÉ=ï~ë=UOKRK=få=äáåÉ=ïáíÜ=çìê=íÜÉçêÉíáÅ~ä=
éÉêëéÉÅíáîÉI=ÖÉåÇÉê=áÇÉçäçÖó=Å~ååçí=ÄÉ=ÉñéÉÅíÉÇ=íç=Éñéä~áå=ãìÅÜ=çÑ=íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=
ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=ïçêâK=eçïÉîÉêI=ïÉ=ã~ó=ÅçåÅäìÇÉ=íÜ~í=íê~Çáíáçå~äáëã=çÑ=ãÉå=ÇçÉë=åçí=áå=
Ñ~Åí=ÅçåíêáÄìíÉ=íç=ãçêÉ=Éèì~äáíóK==
=
få= `Ü~éíÉê= R= ïÉ= ~ÇÇêÉëëÉÇ= ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅÉ= ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåí= íÜêçìÖÜ= ~ää= ëí~ÖÉë= çÑ=
íÜÉ= äáÑÉ= ÅçìêëÉ= ~åÇ= ïÉ= Éñ~ãáåÉÇ= áíë= áãé~Åí= çå= íÜÉ= ÇÉíÉêãáå~åíë= çÑ= ã~êáí~ä=
Ü~ééáåÉëëK= _ÉÅ~ìëÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= ãÉÅÜ~åáëã= çÑ= ëã~ää= ÇÉÅáëáçåëI= íÜÉ= ~ëóããÉíêó= áå=
êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ=áåîÉëíãÉåí=çÑ=íÜÉ=ïçã~å=ïáää=Öêçï=çîÉê=íáãÉK=jçëí=ëíìÇáÉë=çå=
íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=é~áÇ=~åÇ=ìåé~áÇ=ïçêâ=ÄÉíïÉÉå=é~êíåÉêë=ÑçÅìë=çå=É~êäó=ëí~ÖÉë=áå=íÜÉ=
Ñ~ãáäó=äáÑÉ= ÅóÅäÉW= íÜÉ= ëí~ÖÉë= çÑ= éêÉJé~êÉåíÜççÇ= ~åÇ= ÅÜáäÇ=êÉ~êáåÖI=ëáåÅÉ= áí=áë= áå= íÜÉëÉ=
ëí~ÖÉë=Ó=~åÇ=áå=íÜÉ=íê~åëáíáçå=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=ÑçêãÉê=íç=íÜÉ=ä~ííÉê=Ó=íÜ~í=ÖÉåÇÉê=áåÉèì~äáíó=áë=
ÉñéÉÅíÉÇ= íç= ÅçãÉ= ~ÄçìíK= få= íÜáë= ÅÜ~éíÉê= Ñçìê= ëí~ÖÉë= çÑ= íÜÉ= äáÑÉ= ÅçìêëÉ= ~êÉ=
ÇáëíáåÖìáëÜÉÇW= éêÉJé~êÉåí~äI= ÅÜáäÇJêÉ~êáåÖI= Éãéíó= åÉëí= ~åÇ= êÉíáêÉãÉåíK= qÜÉ= èìÉëíáçåë=
~ÇÇêÉëëÉÇ= áå= íÜáë= ÅÜ~éíÉê= ïÉêÉW= Úaç= íÜÉ= ÇÉíÉêãáå~åíë= çÑ= ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëë= çÑ=
ïçãÉå= ~åÇ= ãÉå= ÇáÑÑÉê= Äó= äáÑÉ= ÅçìêëÉ= ëí~ÖÉ\= ~åÇ= eçï= Å~å= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë= ÄÉíïÉÉå=
ïçãÉå=~åÇ=ãÉå=ÄÉ=Éñéä~áåÉÇ\=
pã~ää= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= çå= Ç~áäó= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= ~åÇ= Å~êáåÖ= Ñçê= ÅÜáäÇêÉå= ~êÉ= ã~ÇÉ= çå= íÜÉ=
Ä~ëáë= çÑ= éêÉëìãÉÇ= ÅçãéÉíÉåÅÉK= qÜÉó= ÅçîÉê= ~ÅíáîáíáÉë= íÜ~í= êÉéêÉëÉåí= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJ
ëéÉÅáÑáÅ= áåîÉëíãÉåíëI= áKÉK= áåîÉëíãÉåíë= íÜ~í= ã~âÉ= é~êíåÉêë= ãçêÉ= ÇÉéÉåÇÉåí= çå= íÜÉ=
êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= EbåÖä~åÇ= ~åÇ= háäÄçìêåÉI= NVVMFK= _ÉÅ~ìëÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= ãÉÅÜ~åáëã= çÑ= ëã~ää=
ÇÉÅáëáçåë= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= Öê~Çì~ä= ÖêçïíÜ= çÑ= ~å= ~ëóããÉíêó= áå= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéJëéÉÅáÑáÅ=
áåîÉëíãÉåíI=ïÉ=éêÉÇáÅíÉÇ=íÜ~í=íÜáë=~ëóããÉíêó=êÉ~ÅÜÉë=áíë=ÜáÖÜ=ïÜÉå=íÜÉ=Éãéíó=åÉëí=
ëí~ÖÉ=ÄÉÖáåë=~åÇ=É~ëÉë=ìé=ëçãÉïÜ~í=áå=êÉíáêÉãÉåíK=
NNV=
_ÉÅ~ìëÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= ëíêçåÖ= ÑçÅìë= çå= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéI= ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëë= Ñçê= íÜÉ=
ïçã~å=ï~ë=ÉñéÉÅíÉÇ=~åÇ=ÑçìåÇ=íç=ÇÉéÉåÇ=èìáíÉ=ÜÉ~îáäó=çå=E~F=Üçï=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=
áå= ïÜáÅÜ= ëÜÉ= áåîÉëíë= ëç= ãìÅÜI= ïçêâë= çìí= Ñçê= ÜÉê= ~ë= ~= ïÜçäÉ= EãÉ~ëìêÉÇ= Äó=
ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉÇ=ÉèìáíóFI=~åÇ=EÄF=Üçï=ãìÅÜ=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=ÖáîÉë=ÜÉê=áå=íÉêãë=çÑ=ëÜ~êáåÖ=
EÑêáÉåÇë= ~åÇ= äÉáëìêÉ= íáãÉF= ~åÇ= áå= íÉêãë= çÑ= ëìééçêí= EéÉêëçå~äI= êÉä~íáçå~ä= ~åÇ= ëçÅá~ä=
ã~ííÉêëFK= _ÉÅ~ìëÉ= íÜÉ= ã~å= ÇçÉë= åçí= áåîÉëí= ëç= ãìÅÜ= áå= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéI= Üáë=
Ü~ééáåÉëë= áå= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= ï~ë= ÉñéÉÅíÉÇ= ~åÇ= ÑçìåÇ= íç= ÄÉ= ãçêÉ= ~= ÑìåÅíáçå= çÑ=
éÉêÑçêãáåÖ= ãÉ~åáåÖÑìä= ~ÅíáîáíáÉë= áå= íÜÉ= éìÄäáÅ= Ççã~áå= ëìÅÜ= ~ë= EîçäìåíÉÉêF= ïçêâ= ~åÇ=
ïÜ~í= ÜÉ= éÉêëçå~ääó= ÇÉêáîÉë= Ñêçã= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= EãÉ~ëìêÉÇ= Äó= ëìééçêí= Ñêçã= Üáë=
ïáÑÉFK=
qÜÉ=ãçëí=áãéçêí~åí=ÇÉíÉêãáå~åíë=çÑ=ã~êáí~ä=Ü~ééáåÉëë=~êÉ=íÜÉ=î~êáçìë=ëìééçêí=
î~êá~ÄäÉëW=íÜÉ=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉÇ=ëìééçêí=çå=ïçêêáÉë=~åÇ=ÜÉ~äíÜI=äÉáëìêÉ=~åÇ=ëçÅá~ä=Åçåí~ÅíëI=
éê~ÅíáÅ~ä=ã~ííÉêë=~åÇ=éÉêëçå~ä=ã~ííÉêëK=_ìí=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=ëìééçêí=î~êá~ÄäÉë=ÅçåíêáÄìíÉ=íç=
ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëë= çÑ= ïçãÉå= ~åÇ= ãÉå= áå= íÜÉ= ëÉé~ê~íÉ= ëí~ÖÉëK= cçê= ïçãÉå= áå= íÜÉ=
Éãéíó= åÉëí= ëí~ÖÉ= áí= áë= áãéçêí~åí= Ñçê= íÜÉáê= ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëë= íÜ~í= íÜÉáê= ÜìëÄ~åÇë=
ëìééçêí= íÜÉã= ÉëéÉÅá~ääó= ïáíÜ= éÉêëçå~ä= ã~ííÉêë= ~åÇ= ëÜ~êÉÇ= ~ÅíáîáíáÉëX= Ñçê= ïçãÉå= áå=
íÜÉ=ÅÜáäÇJêÉ~êáåÖ=~åÇ=êÉíáêÉãÉåí=ëí~ÖÉë=áí=ëÉÉãë=íç=ÄÉ=áãéçêí~åí=íÜ~í=íÜÉáê=ÜìëÄ~åÇë=
ëìééçêí=íÜÉã=ïáíÜ=íÜÉáê=çïå=äÉáëìêÉ=~åÇ=ëçÅá~ä=Åçåí~ÅíëI=~ë=ïÉää=~ë=ëÜ~êáåÖ=~ÅíáîáíáÉë=
íçÖÉíÜÉê= ~ë= ~= ÅçìéäÉK= qÜÉêÉ= ï~ë= åç= ÉÑÑÉÅí= çÑ= ëìééçêí= çå= äÉáëìêÉ= íáãÉ= ~åÇ= ëÜ~êÉÇ=
~ÅíáîáíáÉë=çå=íÜÉ=ã~êáí~ä=Ü~ééáåÉëë=çÑ=ãÉå=áå=íÜÉ=Éãéíó=åÉëí=~åÇ=êÉíáêÉãÉåí=ëí~ÖÉëK==
pçãÉ= ëíìÇáÉë= Ü~îÉ= êÉéçêíÉÇ= íÜ~í= ÅçìéäÉë= ÉåÖ~ÖÉ= áå= ãçêÉ= ëÜ~êáåÖ= çÑ=
ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= í~ëâë= ~ÑíÉê= êÉíáêÉãÉåí= EaçêÑã~å= ~åÇ= eÉÅâÉêíI= NVUUFI= ïáíÜ= ÜìëÄ~åÇë=
áåÅêÉ~ëáåÖ=íÜÉáê=äÉîÉä=çÑ=é~êíáÅáé~íáçåI=çíÜÉê=ëíìÇáÉë=ëìÖÖÉëí=íÜ~í=åÉïäó=ëÜ~êÉÇ=Åçåíêçä=
çÑ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=êÉëéçåëáÄáäáíáÉë=ã~ó=ÄÉ=ìåïÉäÅçãÉ=áå=êÉíáêÉãÉåíI=ÉëéÉÅá~ääó=Ñçê=ïáîÉë=
EaçêÑã~å=~åÇ=eÉÅâÉêíI=NVUUX=eáäÄçìêåÉI=NVVVFK=fí=áë=äáâÉäó=íÜ~í=ÜÉêÉ=~=ëí~íìë=ÉÑÑÉÅí=áë=
áåîçäîÉÇK= få= É~êäáÉê= ëí~ÖÉëI= íÜÉ= ãÉÅÜ~åáëã= çÑ= ëã~ää= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= Å~ìëÉë= ~= ëí~íìë=
ëíêìÅíìêÉ= áå= íÜÉ= ÜçãÉ= ~äçåÖ= íÜÉ= äáåÉë= çÑ= éêÉëìãÉÇ= ÅçãéÉíÉåÅÉ= EoáÇÖÉï~ó= ~åÇ=
t~äâÉêI= NVVRFK= pòáåçî~Åë= ~åÇ= e~êéëíÉê= ENVVPF= ëìÖÖÉëí= íÜ~í= ÜìëÄ~åÇëÛ= äçëë= çÑ= íÜÉ=
éêçîáÇÉê=êçäÉ=ìéçå=êÉíáêÉãÉåí=ãáÖÜí=ìåÇÉêãáåÉ= Üáë=ëí~íìë=áå=íÜÉ=ã~êêá~ÖÉK=tçãÉåI=
ÜçïÉîÉêI= ãáÖÜí= ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉ= ~= äçëë= çÑ= ëí~íìë= ~ÑíÉê= íÜÉ= íê~åëáíáçå= íç= íÜÉ= Éãéíó= åÉëí=
ëí~ÖÉK= tçãÉå= áå= íÜÉ= Éãéíó= åÉëí= ~åÇ= êÉíáêÉãÉåí= ëí~ÖÉë= ã~ó= ÑáåÇ= åÉï= ëçìêÅÉë= çÑ=
ëí~íìë= îá~= ïçêâ= çê= îçäìåíÉÉê= ïçêâK= tÉ= ÑçìåÇ= íÜ~í= ïçãÉå= áå= íÜÉ= êÉíáêÉãÉåí= ëí~ÖÉ=
ïÜç= Çç= îçäìåíÉÉê= ïçêâ= ~êÉ= Ü~ééáÉê= áå= íÜÉáê= ã~êêá~ÖÉëK= _ìí= ÇÉëéáíÉ= íÜáë= ÖêÉ~íÉê=
áåÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅÉI=íÜÉ=ïçãÉåÛë=ëÜ~êÉ=áå=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=íÜ~í=áë=äÉÑí=ÇçÉë=åçí=ÅÜ~åÖÉ=ãìÅÜ=
~ÑíÉê= êÉíáêÉãÉåíK= qÜÉ= äçÖáÅ= çÑ= ëã~ää= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= ëíáää= ~ééäáÉë= íç= íÜÉ= êÉã~áåáåÖ=
ÜçìëÉïçêâI=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=ÅçåëÉèìÉåÅÉ=íÜ~í=éÉêÅÉáîÉÇ=ëìééçêí=~åÇ=ëçãÉ=Ñçêã=çÑ=ëÜ~êáåÖ=
ëíáää=ÅçåíêáÄìíÉ=ëíêçåÖäó=íç=ã~êáí~ä=Ü~ééáåÉëë=ÉîÉå=áå=íÜáë=ëí~ÖÉK==
NOM=
SKP=aáëÅìëëáçå=
=
SKPKN=qÜÉçêÉíáÅ~ä=áãéäáÅ~íáçåë=
tÉ=ëí~êíÉÇ=çìí=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=éìòòäÉ=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=Éèì~äáíó=åçêã=Ñçê=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=í~ëâë=ÄÉÅçãÉë=
áåÅêÉ~ëáåÖäó= ëÜ~êÉÇ= ~ãçåÖ= ïçãÉå= ~åÇ= ãÉåI= ïÜÉêÉ~ë= íÜÉ= ~Åíì~ä= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ=
ÜçìëÉïçêâ= ÇçÉë= åçí= ëÉÉã= íç= ãçîÉ= ãìÅÜ= áå= íÜÉ= ÇáêÉÅíáçå= çÑ= Éèì~äáíó= EìåäÉëë= íÜÉ=
ïçãÉå= ~äëç= ÇçÉë= äÉëë= áå= íÜÉ= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇFK= `ìêêÉåí= íÜÉçêáÉë= Ü~îÉ= åçí= ÅçãÉ= ìé= ïáíÜ=
Éñéä~å~íáçåë= íÜ~í= ÜÉäÇ= ìé= íç= ÉãéáêáÅ~ä= íÉëíáåÖK= j~óÄÉ= íÜÉ= íÜÉçêó= ~ééäáÉÇ= áå= íÜÉ=
éêÉëÉåí= ëíìÇáÉë=áë= ~= ÖççÇ= ëçäìíáçå= íç= íÜáë= éìòòäÉK=^ë= ïÉ= ë~áÇI= íÜáë= ëíìÇó= ÑçääçïÉÇ= ~=
íÜÉçêó=çÑ=ëçÅá~ä=ê~íáçå~äáíó=ïÜáÅÜ=~ëëìãÉë=íÜ~í=ê~íáçå~äáíó=çÑ=Üìã~å=ÄÉáåÖë=ÇÉéÉåÇë=
çå= íÜÉ= ëáíì~íáçåW= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí= äçÖáÅë= ~êÉ= ìëÉÇ= áå= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí= ëçÅá~ä= ëáíì~íáçåë= EiáåÇÉåÄÉêÖI=
OMMNFK=qÜáë=ëçÅá~ä=ê~íáçå~äáíó=~ééêç~ÅÜ=áë=~ééäáÉÇ=íç=ÅçìéäÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéë=Äó=ã~âáåÖ=~=
ÇáëíáåÅíáçå=ÄÉíïÉÉå=ä~êÖÉ=~åÇ=ëã~ää=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=áå=íÜÉ=ÅçìéäÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=EiáåÇÉåÄÉêÖI=
OMMTFK= pÉîÉê~ä= ~ëëìãéíáçåë= ïÉ= ã~ÇÉ= êÉÖ~êÇáåÖ= íÜÉ= EìåÅçåëÅáçìëF= éêçÅÉëë= çÑ=
ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅÉ= ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåí= ~åÇ= E~ÄëÉåÅÉ= çÑF= åÉÖçíá~íáçå= áå= ÇáîáÇáåÖ= íÜÉ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ=
í~ëâë= ïÉêÉ= ëìééçêíÉÇ= áå= íÜÉ= ëÉé~ê~íÉ= ÅÜ~éíÉêëI= ~äíÜçìÖÜ= ïÉ= ïÉêÉ= åçí= ~ÄäÉ= íç= íÉëí=
íÜÉ=ãÉÅÜ~åáëã=ÇáêÉÅíäóK=qÜìëI=áí=áë=éçëëáÄäÉ=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=êÉëìäíë=ëìééçêí=çìê=ÜóéçíÜÉëÉë=
ÉîÉå= íÜçìÖÜ= ëçãÉ= çíÜÉê= ãÉÅÜ~åáëãë= ãáÖÜí= Ü~îÉ= ÄÉÉå= ~í= ïçêâK= eçïÉîÉêI= íÜÉ=
íÜÉçêÉíáÅ~ä= Ñê~ãÉïçêâ= ã~ÇÉ= áí= éçëëáÄäÉ= Ñçê= ìë= íç= ÖÉåÉê~íÉ= áåíÉêÉëíáåÖ= íÉëí~ÄäÉ=
éêÉÇáÅíáçåëK= qÜÉ= ÅçåÅäìëáçåë= éçáåí= áå= ~= ÇáêÉÅíáçå= çÑ= ~= ÖÉåÇÉêJêÉéêçÇìÅíáîÉ= éêçÅÉëë=
E`çäíê~åÉI= OMMMFI= ïÜÉêÉ= Åìãìä~íáîÉ= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= ~Äçìí= í~ëâ= ~ëëáÖåãÉåí= äÉ~Ç= íç= ~=
IÅìãìä~íáçå= ÖççÇÒ= EiáåÇÉåÄÉêÖI= NVUSF= ~åÇ= íÜÉêÉÄó= íç= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë= áå= ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅÉ=
ÄÉíïÉÉå=ïçãÉå=~åÇ=ãÉåK==
qÜÉ=ÅçåÅäìëáçåë=çÑ=`Ü~éíÉê=O=Ó=ïÜáÅÜ=ÑçÅìëÉÇ=çå=íÜÉ=ãÉíÜçÇçäçÖáÅ~ä=ëìÄàÉÅí=
çÑ= êÉëéçåëÉ= ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅáÉë= Ó= Ñáí= ïÉää= ïáíÜ= ïÜ~í= ï~ë= ÑçìåÇ= áå= íÜÉ= çíÜÉê= ÅÜ~éíÉêëK=
cáêëíäó=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=èì~äáíó=ã~ííÉêëW=åÉÖ~íáîÉ=ÑÉÉäáåÖë=~Äçìí=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=çÑ=ïçãÉå=
~åÇ= ãÉå= ÅçåíêáÄìíÉÇ= íç= ãçêÉ= êÉëéçåëÉ= ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅóK= j~åó= ÅçìéäÉë= ÜçïÉîÉê= Ü~îÉ=
IéçëáíáîÉ=áääìëáçåëÒ=~Äçìí=íÜÉáê=é~êíåÉêëÛ=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçå=íç=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=~åÇ=çîÉêÉëíáã~íÉ=
íÜáë=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçåI=~åÇ=éÉêÜ~éë=íÜáë=áë=Ñçê=íÜÉ=ÄÉëíW=Äó=Ü~îáåÖ=éçëáíáîÉ=áääìëáçåë=ÅçìéäÉë=
ã~âÉ= íÜÉáê= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= ïçêâK= tçãÉå= ~åÇ= ãÉå= çÑíÉå= Çç= åçí= ãáåÇ= íÜ~í= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë=
ÉñáëíW= åç= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë= áå= ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëë= ~êÉ= ÑçìåÇ= ÄÉíïÉÉå= íÜÉ= íê~Çáíáçå~ä= íáÖÜí=
ÅçìéäÉë= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= éÉÉê= ÅçìéäÉë= áå= `Ü~éíÉê= P= Ñçê= áåëí~åÅÉK= qÜÉ= ìåÄ~ä~åÅÉÇ= ~åÇ=
íê~Çáíáçå~ä=äççëÉ=ÅçìéäÉë=ÜçïÉîÉê=E~äãçëí=ONKUB=çÑ=~ää=ÅçìéäÉëF=~êÉ=äÉëë=Ü~ééó=íÜ~å=
íÜÉ= çíÜÉê= ÅçìéäÉëK= qÜÉáê= ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅó= é~ííÉêå= ÇáÑÑÉêë= Ñêçã= íÜÉ= íê~Çáíáçå~ä= ~åÇ= éÉÉê=
ÅçìéäÉë= ÉëéÉÅá~ääó= áå= íÜÉáê= éÉêÅÉéíáçåë= çÑ= ãìíì~ä= ëìééçêíK= qÜ~í= éÉêÅÉéíáçåë= çÑ=
ëìééçêí= ~êÉ= ãçêÉ= áãéçêí~åí= Ñçê= ã~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëë= íÜ~å= ~= ãçêÉ= Éèì~ä= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ=
ÜçìëÉïçêâ=áë=~äëç=çåÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅçåÅäìëáçåë=çÑ=`Ü~éíÉê=RI=ïÜÉêÉ=ïÉ=Éñ~ãáåÉÇ=ã~êáí~ä=
NON=
Ü~ééáåÉëë= ~åÇ= ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅó= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë= ÄÉíïÉÉå= ïçãÉå= ~åÇ= ãÉå= çîÉê= íÜÉ= äáÑÉ=
ÅçìêëÉK==
pÉÅçåÇäóI=êÉëÉåíãÉåí=~åÇ=ëíêáîáåÖ=íçï~êÇë=Éèìáíó=çÑ=ïçãÉå=ëçãÉíáãÉë=~äëç=
éä~ó= ~å= áãéçêí~åí= êçäÉK= _çíÜ= ÅçåíêáÄìíÉÇ= íç= ãçêÉ= êÉëéçåëÉ= ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅóK= bèìáíó=
ã~ííÉêë= ~äëç= áå= íÜÉ= çíÜÉê= ÅÜ~éíÉêëW= áKÉK= Ñçê= ïçãÉå= ïáíÜ= ~= ëíêçåÖ= ~ìíçåçãó=
çêáÉåí~íáçå=EãÉ~ëìêÉÇ=Äó=ÅçÜ~Äáí~íáçå=~åÇ=ïçêâ=çêáÉåí~íáçåF=~åÇ=Ñçê=ïçãÉå=~åÇ=ãÉå=
ïÜç= Ü~Ç= ~= é~êíåÉê= ÄÉÑçêÉ= íÜÉ= ÅìêêÉåí= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéW= íÜÉó= äÉ~êåÉÇ= Ñêçã= ÑçêãÉê=
ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉë=E`Ü~éíÉê=QFK=píêáîáåÖ=Ñçê=Éèìáíó=~äëç=ÅçåíêáÄìíÉë=íç=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=èì~äáíó=
çÑ=ïçãÉå=áå=íÜÉ=ÅÜáäÇ=êÉ~êáåÖ=~åÇ=Éãéíó=åÉëí=ëí~ÖÉë=E`Ü~éíÉê=RFK=
qÜáêÇäóI=ÖÉåÇÉê=áÇÉçäçÖó=ã~ííÉêë=Ñçê=ãÉå=~åÇ=åçí=Ñçê=ïçãÉåK=iÉëë=êÉëéçåëÉ=
ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅó=ï~ë=ÑçìåÇ=ïÜÉå=ãÉå=Ü~Ç=~=ãçêÉ=ãçÇÉêå=ÖÉåÇÉê=áÇÉçäçÖóK=qÜÉ=ÖÉåÇÉê=
áÇÉçäçÖó=çÑ=ãÉå=~äëç=éä~óë=~=êçäÉ=áå=`Ü~éíÉê=QI=ïÜÉêÉ=ïÉ=ÉñéäçêÉÇ=ïÜ~í=ÅçåíêáÄìíÉë=
íç=~å=Éèì~ä=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâK=få=íÜÉ=Å~ëÉ=çÑ=íê~Çáíáçå~ä=ãÉå=íÜÉ=äáâÉäáÜççÇ=çÑ=~å=
Éèì~ä=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=ÇÉÅêÉ~ëÉëK=
cçìêíÜI= çìíëçìêÅáåÖ= ã~ííÉêëK= få= `Ü~éíÉê= O= ïÉ= ÑçìåÇ= ãçêÉ= êÉëéçåëÉ=
ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅó=Ñçê=ÅçìéäÉë=ïÜÉêÉ=íÜÉ=ïçã~å=Ü~Ç=~=ëã~ää=é~êíJíáãÉ=àçÄK=cÉÉäáåÖ=Å~ìÖÜí=
ÄÉíïÉÉå=ÇçáåÖ=~ää=íÜÉ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=~åÇ=Ü~îáåÖ=äáãáíÉÇ=ïçêâáåÖ=Üçìêë=~ééÉ~êë=íç=êÉëìäí=
áå= ~å= çîÉêÉëíáã~íáçå= çÑ=ïáîÉëÛ= ÅçåíêáÄìíáçå= íç= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= ïçêâK= qÜÉ=ãçêÉ= Éèìáí~ÄäÉ=
Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= ïçêâ= çÑ= éÉÉê= ÅçìéäÉë= áå= `Ü~éíÉê= P= áë= îÉêó= äáâÉäó= íÜÉ= êÉëìäí= çÑ=
çìíëçìêÅáåÖ=ïÜáÅÜ=êÉÇìÅÉë=íÜÉ=éçëëáÄáäáíáÉë=Ñçê=íÜÉ=ãÉÅÜ~åáëã=çÑ=ëã~ää=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=íç=
çÅÅìêK= qÜÉ= ä~êÖÉê= Ä~êÖ~áåáåÖ= éçïÉê= çÑ= ïçãÉå= áå= ëìÅÜ= ÅçìéäÉë= ã~ó= ëíêçåÖäó=
ÅçåíêáÄìíÉ= íç= íÜÉ= IÄáÖÒ= ÇÉÅáëáçå= íç= çìíëçìêÅÉI= ÄìíI= ~Ö~áåëí= íÜÉ= êÉëçìêÅÉJÄ~êÖ~áåáåÖ=
íÜÉçêóI=áí=áë=ìåäáâÉäó=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=ïçãÉåÛë=Ä~êÖ~áåáåÖ=éçïÉê=ã~âÉë=íÜÉ=ã~äÉ=é~êíåÉê=í~âÉ=
ãçêÉ=çÑ=~å=Éèì~ä=ëÜ~êÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=í~ëâëK=qÜÉó=ÄçíÜ=Çç=äÉëë=áå=íÜÉ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇK=
få=`Ü~éíÉê=Q=ãçêÉ=ëìééçêí=Ñçê=íÜáë=áÇÉ~=ï~ë=ÑçìåÇK=qÜÉ=äáâÉäáÜççÇ=çÑ=~å=Éèì~ä=Çáîáëáçå=
çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=í~ëâë=áë=ÖêÉ~íÉê=ïÜÉå=ÅçìéäÉë=çìíëçìêÅÉK=
cáå~ääóI=áå=`Ü~éíÉê=O=ïÉ=ïÉêÉ=~ÄäÉ=íç=ëÜçï=íÜ~í=ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅáÉë=áå=íÜÉ=~åëïÉêë=
çÑ= ÜìëÄ~åÇë= ~åÇ= ïáîÉë= çå= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= ~êÉ= é~êíá~ääó= ïáÑÉJêÉä~íÉÇI= é~êíá~ääó= ÅçìéäÉJ
êÉä~íÉÇI= ~åÇ= ëçãÉíáãÉë= ÜìëÄ~åÇJêÉä~íÉÇK= qÜáë= ã~ÇÉ= ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅóI= àìëí= äáâÉ= íÜÉ=
Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ìåé~áÇ=ïçêâ=áå=íÜÉ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇI=~=ÅçãéäÉñ=éÜÉåçãÉåçå=íç=ìåê~îÉäK=få=íÜáë=
ëíìÇó= ïÉ= ïÉêÉ= ~ÄäÉ= íç= ëÜÉÇ= åÉï= äáÖÜí= çå= íÜÉ= ãÉÅÜ~åáëãë= íÜ~í= ã~ó= éä~ó= ~= êçäÉ= áå=
ÄçíÜK=
=
SKPKO=pçÅá~ä=áãéäáÅ~íáçåë=
få= íÜÉ= áåíêçÇìÅíáçå= ïÉ= ëí~êíÉÇ= Äó= ~ÇÇêÉëëáåÖ= íÜÉ= ìåÉèì~ä= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= é~áÇ= ïçêâ=
ÄÉíïÉÉå= ïçãÉå= ~åÇ= ãÉåI= ïÜáÅÜ= Å~ååçí= ÄÉ= ëÉÉå= ëÉé~ê~íÉäó= Ñêçã= íÜÉ= ìåÉèì~ä=
Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ìåé~áÇ= ïçêâK= få= íÜÉ= kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë= íÜÉ= ä~Äçê= ÑçêÅÉ= é~êíáÅáé~íáçå= ê~íÉ= Ñçê=
ïçãÉå=êçëÉ=ìåíáä=OMMOK=få=NVUT=PRB=çÑ=~ää=ïçãÉå=~ÖÉÇ=NRJSQ=Ü~Ç=~=àçÄ=çÑ=NO=Üçìêë=
NOO=
~= ïÉÉâ= çê= ãçêÉI= áå= OMMO= íÜáë= éÉêÅÉåí~ÖÉ= áåÅêÉ~ëÉÇ= íç= RQ= ~åÇ= íÜÉå= êÉã~áåÉÇ=
Åçåëí~åí=Ep`mI=OMMSFK=qÜÉ=í~êÖÉí=çÑ=íÜÉ=aìíÅÜ=ÖçîÉêåãÉåí=áë=ëÉí=çå=SRB=çÑ=ïçêâáåÖ=
ïçãÉå=áå=OMNMK=fåÅêÉ~ëáåÖ=íÜÉ=ëÜ~êÉ=í~âÉå=Äó=ãÉå=áå=Å~êêóáåÖ=çìí=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=í~ëâë=
áë= åçï~Ç~óë= ~= âÉó= çÄàÉÅíáîÉ= çÑ= Éã~åÅáé~íáçå= éçäáÅóK= qÜÉ= ~êÖìãÉåí= ÜÉêÉ= áë= íÜ~í= áÑ=
ãÉå=ëéÉåÇ=ãçêÉ=íáãÉ=çå=ÇçãÉëíáÅ=í~ëâëI=ãçêÉ=ïçãÉå=ïçìäÇ=àçáå=íÜÉ=ä~Äçê=ã~êâÉí=
Eqh=OMMRLOMMSFK==
`Ü~åÖÉë= áå= íÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ìåé~áÇ= ïçêâ= ~êÉ= åçí= É~ëó= íç= ~íí~áåK= qÜÉ=
ìåÅçåëÅáçìë=éêçÅÉëë=çÑ=ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅÉ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåí=~åÇ=íÜÉ=~ÄëÉåÅÉ=çÑ=åÉÖçíá~íáçå=áå=
ÇáîáÇáåÖ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= í~ëâë= ã~âÉ= ÅÜ~åÖÉë= ÇáÑÑáÅìäíK= j~å~ÖáåÖ= íÜÉ= íÉåëáçåë= ÄÉíïÉÉå=
ÉÖ~äáí~êá~å=áÇÉçäçÖó=~åÇ=ÅçåîÉåíáçå~ä=ÖÉåÇÉêÉÇ=éê~ÅíáÅÉë=áë=áãéçêí~åí=íç=ÅêÉ~íÉ=~=êÉ~ä=
é~êíåÉêëÜáé= EqáÅÜÉåçêI= OMMRFI= Äìí= íÜÉëÉ= íÉåëáçåë= Å~å= ÄÉ= ÅçåëáÇÉê~ÄäÉK= ^ÅÅçêÇáåÖ= íç=
qáÅÜÉåçêI=~ÅíáîÉäó=ïçêâáåÖ=íç=êÉïêáíÉ=íÜÉ=ã~êáí~ä=Åçåíê~Åí=çÑíÉå=êÉèìáêÉë=ÉåÖ~ÖáåÖ=áå=
Å~äÅìä~íáçåë= íÜ~í= ëÉÉã= çìí= çÑ= éä~ÅÉ= áå= ~= äçîÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéK= vÉíI= áÑ= ÅÜ~åÖÉë= áå= íÜÉ=
ÖÉåÇÉêÉÇ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ìåé~áÇ=ïçêâ=~êÉ=íÜÉ=Öç~äI=ëìÅÜ=èìÉëíáçåë=~êÉ=ìå~îçáÇ~ÄäÉK=qÜÉó=
êÉéêÉëÉåí= íÜÉ= çåäó=ï~ó=çìí=çÑ= íÜÉ=ëí~ääÉÇ=êÉîçäìíáçåK=få= çìê=ÅÜ~éíÉê=çå= Éèì~äáíóI=ïÉ=
ë~ï= íÜ~í= ~= ÇÉäáÄÉê~íÉ= ~ééêç~ÅÜ= ÇçÉë= ëÉÉã= íç= ã~âÉ= ~= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉ= Äó= êÉÇìÅáåÖ= íÜÉ=
êÉ~äã= çÑ= ëã~ää= ÇÉÅáëáçåëK= ^= ãçÇÉêå= ÖÉåÇÉê= áÇÉçäçÖó= ~äëç= éä~óë= ~= êçäÉ= ÜÉêÉW=
íê~Çáíáçå~äáëã=çÑ=ãÉå=ÇçÉë=åçí=áå=Ñ~Åí=ÅçåíêáÄìíÉ=íç=ãçêÉ=Éèì~äáíóK=cìêíÜÉêãçêÉI=ãçëí=
ïçãÉå= ~åÇ= ãÉå= ãáÖÜí= ~íí~ÅÜ= í~ëâJëéÉÅáÑáÅ= åçêãë= ~åÇ= Åìäíìê~ä= ãÉ~åáåÖë= íç=
ÇçãÉëíáÅ= ÅÜçêÉëK= jÉ~ëìêÉë= ~áãÉÇ= ~í= ÄêÉ~âáåÖ= íÜêçìÖÜ= íÜÉ= íê~Çáíáçå~ä= ÖÉåÇÉê=
ëíÉêÉçíóéáåÖ=~åÇ=í~ëâJëéÉÅáÑáÅ=åçêãë=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~áãÉÇ=~í=óçìåÖëíÉêëI=Äçóë=~ë=ïÉää=~ë=
ÖáêäëK=
låÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉëìäíë=çÑ=çìê=êÉëÉ~êÅÜ=áë=íÜ~í=ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅÉ=é~ííÉêåë=ÇáÑÑÉê=ÄÉíïÉÉå=
ÅçìéäÉëW=ëçãÉ=ÇáîáÇÉ=í~ëâë=ãçêÉ=Éèì~ääó=~åÇ=çíÜÉêë=ãçêÉ=íê~Çáíáçå~ääóK=lìíëçìêÅáåÖ=
éä~óë= ~å= áãéçêí~åí= êçäÉ= áå= íÜÉ= ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅÉ= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉëW= ÅçìéäÉë= íÜ~í= çìíëçìêÅÉ=
ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=ïçêâ=~åÇ=ÅÜáäÇ=Å~êÉ=Ü~îÉ=~=ãçêÉ=Éèì~ä=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâK=låÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=
ëçÅá~ä=áãéäáÅ~íáçåë=áë=íÜìë=íÜ~í=EÜáÖÜ=èì~äáíóF=ÅÜáäÇ=Å~êÉ=Ñ~ÅáäáíáÉë=~êÉ=åÉÉÇÉÇ=ïÜÉå=íÜÉ=
aìíÅÜ= ÖçîÉêåãÉåí= ëíêáîÉë= Ñçê= ~= ãçêÉ= Éèì~ä= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= í~ëâë= ÄÉíïÉÉå=
ãÉå=~åÇ=ïçãÉå=EïÜáÅÜ=ï~ë=~äêÉ~Çó=~=ÅçåÅäìëáçå=çÑ=s~å=ÇÉê=iáééÉ=áå=NVVPFK=
=
SKPKP=iáãáí~íáçåë=~åÇ=ëìÖÖÉëíáçåë=Ñçê=ÑìíìêÉ=êÉëÉ~êÅÜ=
cáå~ääóI=ïÉ=ï~åí=íç=ÇáëÅìëë=ëçãÉ=äáãáí~íáçåë=çÑ=çìê=~å~äóëÉëK=qÜÉ=Ñáêëí=áëëìÉ=ÅçåÅÉêåë=
íÜÉ= íÜÉçêÉíáÅ~ä= Ñê~ãÉïçêâ= çÑ= íÜÉ= ëçÅá~ä= ê~íáçå~äáíó= ~ééêç~ÅÜK= qÜÉ= íÜÉçêó= ÖáîÉë= ~=
éä~ìëáÄäÉ=~åëïÉê=íç=çìê=êÉëÉ~êÅÜ=èìÉëíáçå=Äó=ã~âáåÖ=~=ÇáëíáåÅíáçå=ÄÉíïÉÉå=ä~êÖÉ=~åÇ=
ëã~ää= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= áå= ~= ÅçìéäÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéK= fí= ëçäîÉë= íÜÉ= íÉåëáçå= ÄÉíïÉÉå= IÉÖ~äáí~êá~å=
áÇÉçäçÖó=~åÇ=ÅçåîÉåíáçå~ä=ÖÉåÇÉêÉÇ=éê~ÅíáÅÉëÒ=EqáÅÜÉåçêI=OMMRI=éK=NVMFK=qÜÉ=éçëáíáîÉ=
ëáÇÉ= çÑ= íÜáë= áë= íÜ~í= ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= íÜÉçêó= çÑ= ä~êÖÉ= ~åÇ= ëã~ää= ÇÉÅáëáçåëI= ïÉ= ÅçìäÇ=
ÖÉåÉê~íÉ= áåíÉêÉëíáåÖ= íÉëí~ÄäÉ=éêÉÇáÅíáçåë= Ñêçã= ~=ÅçÜÉêÉåí=Ñê~ãÉïçêâ= íÜ~í= éêçãáëÉë=
NOP=
íç=ÖÉåÉê~íÉ=ÑìêíÜÉê=áåíÉêÉëíáåÖ=êÉëÉ~êÅÜ=áå=íÜÉ=ÑìíìêÉK=eçïÉîÉêI=ïÉ=ïÉêÉ=åçí=~ÄäÉ=íç=
íÉëí= íÜÉ= íÜÉçêó= ÇáêÉÅíäóK= få= íÜÉ= khmp= Ç~í~= ëÉí= åç= èìÉëíáçåë= ÅçåÅÉêåáåÖ= ä~êÖÉ=
ÇÉÅáëáçåë=ïÉêÉ=~î~áä~ÄäÉI=~åÇ=~äëç=åç=èìÉëíáçåë=ÅçåÅÉêåáåÖ=ÉñéÉÅí~íáçåë=çÑ=ãÉå=~åÇ=
ïçãÉå=~Äçìí=ïÜç=ãáÖÜí=éÉêÑçêã=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=í~ëâë=ÄÉííÉê=íÜ~å=íÜÉ=é~êíåÉêK=
^=èì~äáí~íáîÉ=Eé~åÉäF=ëíìÇó=çå=íÜÉ= ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåí=çÑ=~=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ= ÜçìëÉïçêâ=ÅçìäÇ=ÄÉ=
îÉêó=ìëÉÑìä=íç=Å~êÉÑìääó=Éñ~ãáåÉ=íÜÉ=éêçÅÉëëÉë=áåîçäîÉÇK=
=
qÜÉ=ëÉÅçåÇ=áëëìÉ=ÅçåÅÉêåë=íÜÉ=èì~åíáÑá~Äáäáíó=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=í~ëâëK=qÜÉ=khmp=
Ç~í~= ëÉí= Åçåí~áåë= ~åëïÉêë= çÑ= íïç= é~êíåÉêë= áå= ~= ÅçìéäÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= EÄÉëáÇÉë= çíÜÉê=
Ñ~ãáäó= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéëFK= qÜáë= ã~ÇÉ= áí= éçëëáÄäÉ= íç= Åçãé~êÉ= íÜÉáê= ~åëïÉêë= çå= íÜÉ= ë~ãÉ=
áíÉãë=~åÇ=íç=ÅçãÉ=íç=îÉêó=áåíÉêÉëíáåÖ=ÅçåÅäìëáçåëK=låÉ=çÑ=íÜÉëÉ=ÅçåÅäìëáçåë=áë=íÜ~í=
áí= áë= É~ëáÉê= íç= ÄÉ= áåÑçêãÉÇ= ~Äçìí= ÅÉêí~áå= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= í~ëâë= íÜ~å= çíÜÉêëK= fí= áë= ãçêÉ=
ÇáÑÑáÅìäí= íç= ÄÉ= áåÑçêãÉÇ= ~Äçìí= Éãçíáçå= ïçêâ= íÜ~å= ~Äçìí= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= ïçêâ= ~åÇ= ÅÜáäÇ=
Å~êÉK=bãçíáçå=ïçêâ=êÉÑÉêë=íç=ëìÅÜ=í~ëâë=~ë=ÖáîáåÖ=~ÇîáÅÉ=íç=çåÉÛë=é~êíåÉê=çê=ëÜçïáåÖ=
áåíÉêÉëí=áå=íÜÉ=éÉêëçå~ä=äáÑÉ=çÑ=çåÉÛë=é~êíåÉêK=qÜÉëÉ=í~ëâë=~êÉ=äÉëë=èì~åíáÑá~ÄäÉK=fÑ=ïÉ=
ï~åí=íç=Ö~áå=~=ãçêÉ=~ÅÅìê~íÉ=îáÉï=çÑ=Éãçíáçå=ïçêâ=áå=íÜÉ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇI=ïÉ=ãáÖÜí=äççâ=
Ñçê= çíÜÉê= Éãçíáçå= ïçêâ= áíÉãë= íÜ~í= ãáÖÜí= ÄÉ= ãçêÉ= èì~åíáÑá~ÄäÉI= Ñçê= áåëí~åÅÉ=
ëìëí~áåáåÖ=ÅçåîÉêë~íáçå=~í=ÇáååÉê=çê=âÉÉéáåÖ=âáå=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéëK=_ìí=ÖáîÉå=íÜÉ=ÇáÑÑáÅìäíó=
ïáíÜ= èì~åíáÑá~ÄáäáíóI= èì~äáí~íáîÉ= ëíìÇáÉë= ãáÖÜí= ~äëç= ÄÉ= ãçêÉ= ~ÅÅìê~íÉ= ÜÉêÉ= EëÉÉ= Ñçê=
áåëí~åÅÉ=aÉs~ìäíI=NVVNFK=
=
qÜÉ=íÜáêÇ=áëëìÉ=ÅçåÅÉêåë=íÜÉ=ÅêçëëJëÉÅíáçå~ä=å~íìêÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=Ç~í~K=qÜÉ=ïçãÉå=áå=
íÜÉ= Éãéíó= åÉëí= ~åÇ= êÉíáêÉãÉåí= ëí~ÖÉë= Ñçê= áåëí~åÅÉ= ã~ó= ÄÉ= ãçêÉ= íê~Çáíáçå~ä= íÜ~å=
ïçãÉå= áå= íÜÉ= ÅÜáäÇJêÉ~êáåÖ= ~åÇ= éêÉJé~êÉåí~ä= ëí~ÖÉë= E`Ü~éíÉê= RFK= h~ìÑã~å= ~åÇ=
q~åáÖìÅÜá=EOMMSF=ãÉåíáçå=íÜÉ=ëíêçåÖ=áåÑäìÉåÅÉ=çÑ=ã~êêá~ÖÉ=ÅçÜçêí=çå=ÄçíÜ=ãÉåÛë=~åÇ=
ïçãÉåÛë=ã~êáí~ä=Ü~ééáåÉëëK=qÜÉó=ëìÖÖÉëí=íÜ~í=ÄÉëáÇÉë=áåÇáîáÇì~ä=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅë=íÜÉ=
ÅçåíÉñí=áå=ïÜáÅÜ=ã~êêá~ÖÉ=çÅÅìêë=áë=~äëç=áãéçêí~åíW=íÜÉ=ä~ëí=Ü~äÑ=çÑ=íÜÉ=OMíÜ=ÅÉåíìêó=
éêçîáÇÉÇ= ~= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí= ÉåîáêçåãÉåí= Ñçê= ã~êêá~ÖÉ= íÜ~å= íÜÉ= Ñáêëí= Ü~äÑ= çÑ= íÜÉ= ÅÉåíìêó=
EÇáîçêÅÉ= Ñçê= áåëí~åÅÉ= ÄÉÅ~ãÉ= ãçêÉ= ÅçããçåFK= tÉ= ÇáÇ= åçí= Åçåíêçä= Ñçê= ã~êêá~ÖÉ=
ÅçÜçêíI= ~ë= ïÉ= äççâÉÇ= ~í= íÜÉ= Ñçìê= Öêçìéë= ëÉé~ê~íÉäóK= jçëí= ÅçìéäÉë= áå= çìê= ëíìÇó=
ÜçïÉîÉêI=ÉîÉå=íÜçëÉ=áå=íÜÉ=êÉíáêÉãÉåí=ëí~ÖÉI=ã~êêáÉÇ=áå=íÜÉ=ëÉÅçåÇ=Ü~äÑ=çÑ=íÜÉ=OMíÜ=
ÅÉåíìêóK=píáääI=áí=ïçìäÇ=ÄÉ=ãçêÉ=áÇÉ~ä=áÑ=íÜÉ= ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅÉ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåí=çîÉê=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=
ëí~ÖÉë= ÅçìäÇ= ÄÉ= ÑçääçïÉÇ= áå= ~= äçåÖáíìÇáå~ä= ëíìÇóK= páåÅÉ= íÜÉ= khmp= áë= ~= é~åÉä= ëíìÇóI=
ÑìíìêÉ=ï~îÉë=ïáää=ã~âÉ=äçåÖáíìÇáå~ä=~å~äóëÉë=éçëëáÄäÉK=
=
NOQ=
=
=
p~ãÉåî~ííáåÖ=
Epìãã~êó=áå=aìíÅÜF=
p~ãÉåî~ííáåÖ=
=
=
eçÉ= âìååÉå= ïÉ= îÉêâä~êÉå= Ç~í= òçîÉÉä= é~êÉå= ÇÉ= çåÄÉí~~äÇÉ= ~êÄÉáÇ= íìëëÉå= ã~å= Éå=
îêçìï= ÖÉäáàâ= ïáääÉå= îÉêÇÉäÉåI= ã~~ê= Ç~í= Éê= áå= ÇÉ= éê~âíáàâ= òç= ïÉáåáÖ= îÉê~åÇÉêí\= eçÉ=
âìååÉå= ïÉ= îÉêâä~êÉå= Ç~í= çåÇ~åâë= ÇÉ= ÖÉäáàâÉ= â~åëÉå= îççê= îêçìïÉå= çé= ÇÉ=
~êÄÉáÇëã~êâí= Éå=äçë=î~å=ÜÉí=~~åí~ä=ìêÉå=Ç~í=îêçìïÉå=ïÉêâÉåI=òáà= ~~å= ÜÉí=ÄÉÖáå=î~å=
ÇÉ=ONëíÉ=ÉÉìï=åçÖ=ëíÉÉÇë=ÜÉí=ÖêççíëíÉ=ÖÉÇÉÉäíÉ=î~å=ÇÉ=ÜìáëÜçìÇÉäáàâÉ=í~âÉå=çé=òáÅÜ=
åÉãÉå\=lã=Éå=å~Äáà=TRB=î~å=ÇÉ=ã~ååÉå=Éå=TRB=î~å=ÇÉ=îêçìïÉå=òçåÇÉê=ÄÉí~~äÇÉ=
Ä~~å=òáàå=ÜÉí=ÉÉåë=ãÉí=ÇÉ=ëíÉääáåÖ=Ç~í=îêçìïÉå=Éå=ã~ååÉå=ÜÉí=ÜìáëÜçìÇÉäáàâÉ=ïÉêâ=
ÖÉäáàâ=òçìÇÉå=ãçÉíÉå=îÉêÇÉäÉåK=sêçìïÉå=ãÉí=ÉÉå=ÄÉí~~äÇÉ=Ä~~å=òáàå=òÉäÑë=åçÖ=î~âÉê=
îççêëí~åÇÉê=î~å=ÉÉå=ÖÉäáàâÉ=í~~âîÉêÇÉäáåÖW=UPB=î~å=ÜÉå=òçì=ÇÉ=í~âÉå=ÑáÑíóJÑáÑíó=ïáääÉå=
îÉêÇÉäÉåK=^äë=ÜÉí=Ö~~í=çã=ÇÉ=òçêÖ=îççê=âáåÇÉêÉå=áë=VMB=î~å=ÇÉ=îêçìïÉå=Éå=ã~ååÉå=
îççê= ÉÉå= ÖÉäáàâÉ= í~~âîÉêÇÉäáåÖ= Ep`mI= OMMSFK= tÉ= òáÉå= Çìë= ÉÉå= îÉêëÅÜáä= íìëëÉå= ÜçÉ=
ãÉåëÉå= îáåÇÉå= Ç~í= ÜÉí= òçì= ãçÉíÉå= Éå= ÜçÉ= òáà= Ç~í= áå= Üìå= Ç~ÖÉäáàâë= äÉîÉå= ÖÉëí~äíÉ=
ÖÉîÉåW=Çìë=íìëëÉå=ÇÉ=ëçÅá~äÉ=åçêã=Éå=ÇÉ=éê~âíáàâ=î~å=~ääÉÇ~ÖK=få=Çáí=ÄçÉâ=Ö~~å=ïÉ=áå=
çé= ÇÉ= îê~~Ö= ÜçÉ= âìååÉå= ïÉ= ÇÉ= îççêíÇìêÉåÇÉ= çåÖÉäáàâÉ= îÉêÇÉäáåÖ= î~å= çåÄÉí~~äÇÉ=
~êÄÉáÇ= íìëëÉå= îêçìïÉå= Éå= ã~ååÉå= îÉêâä~êÉåI= çåÇ~åâë= ÜÉí= ÄÉëí~~å= î~å= ÉÉå=
ïáàÇîÉêÄêÉáÇÉ=ëçÅá~äÉ=åçêã=ÇÉòÉ=~êÄÉáÇ=ÖÉäáàâ=íÉ=îÉêÇÉäÉå\=
=
_áà= ÜÉí= ÄÉ~åíïççêÇÉå= î~å= ÇÉòÉ= îê~~Ö= ã~âÉå= ïÉ= ÖÉÄêìáâ= î~å= ÉÉå= ÚëçÅá~ä=
ê~íáçå~äáíóÛ=ÄÉå~ÇÉêáåÖ=ÇáÉ=ìáíÖ~~í=î~å=ÇÉ=~~åå~ãÉ=Ç~í=ãÉåëÉå=îÉêëÅÜáääÉåÇÉ=äçÖáÅ~Ûë=
ÖÉÄêìáâÉå= áå= îÉêëÅÜáääÉåÇÉ= ëáíì~íáÉë= EiáåÇÉåÄÉêÖI= OMMNFK= aÉòÉ= ÄÉå~ÇÉêáåÖ= ïÉêÇ=
íçÉÖÉé~ëí= çé= é~~êêÉä~íáÉë= Çççê= ÉÉå= çåÇÉêëÅÜÉáÇ= íÉ= ã~âÉå= íìëëÉå= ÖêçíÉ= Éå= âäÉáåÉ=
ÄÉëäáëëáåÖÉå=áå=ÇÉ=êÉä~íáÉ=EiáåÇÉåÄÉêÖI=OMMTFK=dêçíÉ=ÄÉëäáëëáåÖÉå=òáàå=ÄÉëäáëëáåÖÉå=ÇáÉ=
ÇÉ= êÉä~íáÉ= òÉäÑ= ÄÉ≥åîäçÉÇÉåI= òç~äë= ï~~ê= ÜÉí= é~~ê= ò~ä= Ö~~å= ïçåÉåI= ÜçÉ= òáà= Üìå= Üìáë=
áåêáÅÜíÉå=Éå=ïáÉ=ïÉäâÉ=â~ãÉê=âêáàÖíI=çÑ=Éå=ÜçÉîÉÉä=ÉÉå=é~êíåÉê=ïÉêâí=Éå=ÄÉëäáëëáåÖÉå=
çîÉê= ÖêçíÉ= ìáíÖ~îÉå= òç~äë= ÜÉí= âçéÉå= î~å= ÉÉå= ~ìíç= çÑ= ÉÉå= ÜìáëK= häÉáåÉ= ÄÉëäáëëáåÖÉå=
òáàå=ÄáàîççêÄÉÉäÇ=ÄÉëäáëëáåÖÉå=çîÉê=ÜÉí=ÄìáíÉåòÉííÉå=î~å=ÇÉ=îìáäåáëI=çîÉê=ïáÉ=Éê=âççâíI=
çîÉê= ïáÉ= ÇÉ= ~Ñï~ë= ÇçÉí= Éå= çîÉê= ïáÉ= ÜÉí= Üìáë= ëÅÜççåã~~âíK= aÉ= äçÖáÅ~Ûë= áå= ÇÉ=
îÉêëÅÜáääÉåÇÉ= ëáíì~íáÉë= òáàå= ÜÉí= îçäÇçÉå= ~~å= ÇÉ= ÖÉäáàâÜÉáÇëåçêã= Äáà= ÇÉ= ÖêçíÉ=
ÄÉëäáëëáåÖÉå=áå=ÇÉ=é~~êêÉä~íáÉ=ãÉí=ÉÉå=ÅçãÄáå~íáÉ=î~å= í~~âëéÉÅáÑáÉâÉ=åçêãÉå=EhåáàåI=
NVVQX= s~å= tÉä= Éå= håáàåI= OMMSF= Éå= ÉÉå= ãÉÅÜ~åáëãÉ= î~å= îÉêï~ÅÜíáåÖëé~íêçåÉå=
E_ÉêÖÉêI= NVTQF= îççê= ÇÉ= âäÉáåÉ= ÄÉëäáëëáåÖÉå= áå= ÇÉ= é~~êêÉä~íáÉI= ï~~êÄáà= Éêî~êáåÖÉå= Éå=
ëíÉêÉçíóéÉ= îÉêçåÇÉêëíÉääáåÖÉå= äÉáÇÉå= íçí= îÉêï~ÅÜíáåÖÉå= çîÉê= ïáÉ= ÄÉé~~äÇÉ=
ÜìáëÜçìÇÉäáàâÉ=í~âÉå=ÜÉí=ÄÉëí=òçì=âìååÉå=ÇçÉåK=eÉí=Åìãìä~íáÉîÉ=ÉÑÑÉÅí=î~å=ÇÉ=âäÉáåÉ=
ÄÉëäáëëáåÖÉå=áë= ÉÉå=ëí~íìëëíêìÅíììê= îçäÖÉåë= ÇÉ= îÉêçåÇÉêëíÉäÇÉ= ÅçãéÉíÉåíáÉ= E_ÉêÖÉê=
Éå= `çååçêI= NVTQX= oáÇÖÉï~ó= Éå= t~äâÉêI= NVVRFK= aÉòÉ= ëí~íìëëíêìÅíììê= ÄÉé~~äí=
îÉêîçäÖÉåë= ÇÉ= îÉêçåÇÉêëíÉääáåÖÉå= î~å= ÅçãéÉíÉåíáÉ= îççê= ÇÉ= åçÖ= íÉ= åÉãÉå= âäÉáåÉ=
NOT=
ÄÉëäáëëáåÖÉåK= _ÉáÇÉ= é~êíåÉêë= Éêî~êÉå= Éå= îÉêï~ÅÜíÉå= çé= ÖêçåÇ= î~å= ëíÉêÉçíóéÉ=
îÉêçåÇÉêëíÉääáåÖÉå=Ç~í=ÇÉ=îêçìï=áå= ÇÉ=ãÉÉëíÉ=ÜìáëÜçìÇÉäáàâÉ=í~âÉå=ÄÉíÉê=áë=Ç~å=ÇÉ=
ã~åK=eÉí=êÉëìäí~~í=áë=ÉÉå=IÅìãìä~íáÉÖçÉÇÒ=ï~~ê=åççáí=áÉíë=çîÉê=ÄÉëäçíÉå=áëI=ã~~ê=Ç~í=
ÜçÉ= Ç~å= ççâ= ÇÉ= çéíÉäëçã= áë= î~å= ÇÉ= âäÉáåÉ= ÄÉëäáëëáåÖÉå= ÇáÉ= Éê= ÖÉã~~âí= òáàå=
EiáåÇÉåÄÉêÖI=NVUSFK=aáí=ãÉÅÜ~åáëãÉ=ÅêÉØÉêí=Çìë=ÉÉå=òáÅÜòÉäÑ=îÉêëíÉêâÉåÇ=éêçÅÉë=Ç~í=
äÉáÇí= íçí= Åìãìä~íáÉîÉ= îÉêëÅÜáääÉå= áå= ÇÉ= íçÉâÉååáåÖ= î~å= ÜìáëÜçìÇÉäáàâÉ= í~âÉåK= wç=
çåíëí~~í= ÉÉå= í~~âîÉêÇÉäáåÖ= ï~~êçîÉê= åáÉí= áë= çåÇÉêÜ~åÇÉäÇ= çÑ= ï~~êãÉÉ= åáÉí= áë=
áåÖÉëíÉãÇ= ~äë= òáàåÇÉ= ÉÉå= íçí~~äé~ââÉí= î~å= í~âÉåI= ã~~ê= ÇáÉ= ãáå= çÑ= ãÉÉê= òç= áë=
ÖÉÖêçÉáÇ=EhçãíÉêI=NVURX=s~å=ÇÉê=sáååÉI=NVVUFK=
=
få=ÇÉ=kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë=háåëÜáé=m~åÉä=píìÇó=EkhmpF=ïçêÇí=ÜÉí=êÉä~íáÉîÉ=~~åÇÉÉä=î~å=ÄÉáÇÉ=
é~êíåÉêë= çé= îÉêëÅÜáääÉåÇÉ= í~âÉå= áå= ÜÉí= ÜìáëÜçìÇÉå= Çççê= ÄÉáÇÉ= é~êíåÉêë=
ÖÉê~ééçêíÉÉêÇK= m~êíåÉêë= ÖÉîÉå= ÉÅÜíÉê= åáÉí= ~äíáàÇ= ÜÉíòÉäÑÇÉ= ~åíïççêÇ= çé= ÇÉòÉäÑÇÉ=
îê~~Ö= çîÉê= ÉÉå= ëéÉÅáÑáÉâÉ= ÜìáëÜçìÇÉäáàâÉ= í~~âK= a~~êçã= òáàå= ïÉ= áå= ÜççÑÇëíìâ= O=
ÄÉÖçååÉå= ãÉí= ÇÉ= îê~~Ö= ïÉäâÉ= ~åíïççêÇÉå= ïÉ= òçìÇÉå= ãçÉíÉå= ÖÉÄêìáâÉå= áå= çåòÉ=
~å~äóëÉëW= ÇÉ= ~åíïççêÇÉå= î~å= ÇÉ= îêçìïI= ÇÉ= ~åíïççêÇÉå= î~å= ÇÉ= ã~å= çÑ= ÉÉå=
ÅçãÄáå~íáÉ= î~å= ÄÉáÇÉ= ~åíïççêÇÉå\= a~~êå~~ëí= ÄÉå~ÇêìââÉå= êÉÅÉåíÉ= ëíìÇáÉë= ÜÉí=
ÄÉä~åÖ= î~å= çåÇÉêòçÉâ= å~~ê= ÇÉ= îÉêëÅÜáääÉå= áå= ~åíïççêÇÉå= íìëëÉå= ã~å= Éå= îêçìïI=
çãÇ~í= Ç~í= çåë= ÉÉå= áÇÉÉ= â~å=ÖÉîÉå= çîÉê= ÇÉ= Çóå~ãáÉâ= ÇáÉ= íÉå= ÖêçåÇëä~Ö=äáÖí= ~~å= ÇÉ=
îÉêÇÉäáåÖ= î~å= çåÄÉí~~äÇÉ= ~êÄÉáÇK= aÉ= çåÇÉêòçÉâëîê~~Ö= áå= ÜççÑÇëíìâ= O= äìáÇí= Ç~å= ççâ=
t~~êçã=ÜÉÄÄÉå=é~êíåÉêë=î~~â=îÉêëÅÜáääÉåÇÉ=éÉêÅÉéíáÉë=î~å=Éäâ~~êëÛ=ÄáàÇê~ÖÉ=~~å=ÜÉí=
ÜìáëÜçìÇÉå\=
=
tÉ=çåÇÉêòçÉâÉå=ÇÉ=îÉêëÅÜáääÉå=áå=~åíïççêÇÉå=î~å=é~êíåÉêë=çîÉê=îÉêëÅÜáääÉåÇÉ=
í~âÉå= áå= ÜÉí= ÜìáëÜçìÇÉåK= aÉ= í~âÉå= âìååÉå= ïçêÇÉå= çåÇÉêîÉêÇÉÉäÇ= áå= ENF=
ÜìáëÜçìÇÉäáàâÉ= í~âÉåI= EOF= ÇÉ= îÉêòçêÖáåÖ= î~å= âáåÇÉêÉå= Éå= EPF= ï~í= áå= båÖÉäëí~äáÖÉ=
ëíìÇáÉë= ÚÉãçíáçå= ïçêâÛ= ïçêÇí= ÖÉåçÉãÇK= jÉí= ÚÉãçíáçå= ïçêâÛ= ïçêÇí= îÉêïÉòÉå= å~~ê=
ÄÉé~~äÇÉ= Åç∏êÇáåÉêÉåÇÉ= í~âÉå= áå= ÜÉí= ÖÉòáåI= òç~äë= ÜÉí= êÉÖìäÉêÉå= î~å= ÉãçíáÉë= Éå=
ëé~ååáåÖÉåI= ÜÉí= çé= Ö~åÖ= ÜçìÇÉå= î~å= ÇÉ= ÅçåîÉêë~íáÉë= Éå= ÜÉí= íçí= ëí~åÇ= ÄêÉåÖÉå= Éå=
çåÇÉêÜçìÇÉå=î~å=êÉä~íáÉë=ÄáååÉå= ÜÉí= ÖÉòáå=Éå=ãÉí= ÇÉ= êÉëí=î~å= ÇÉ= Ñ~ãáäáÉK=sççê=~ääÉ=
ÜìáëÜçìÇÉäáàâÉ= í~âÉå= Éå= í~âÉå= ÇáÉ= ÇÉ= îÉêòçêÖáåÖ= î~å= âáåÇÉêÉå= ÄÉíêÉÑÑÉå= òáàå=
ëí~íáëíáëÅÜ=ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åíÉ=ÇáëÅêÉé~åíáÉë=ÖÉîçåÇÉåK=
=
tÉ= îÉêï~ÅÜíÉå= Ç~í= ÚÉãçíáçå= ïçêâÛ= ãçÉáäáàâÉê= áë= Äáà= íÉ= ÜçìÇÉå= îççê= ÇÉ=
é~êíåÉêëK= jÉå= ëéêÉÉâí= áå= ÇÉ= äáíÉê~íììê= ççâ= ïÉä= çîÉê= ÚçåòáÅÜíÄ~êÉ= ~êÄÉáÇÛK= få= ÇÉòÉ=
ëíìÇáÉ=áë=ÚÉãçíáçå=ïçêâÛ=ÖÉãÉíÉå=ãÉí=áíÉãë=~äë=ÜÉí=ÖÉîÉå=î~å=~ÇîáÉë=~~å=ÇÉ=é~êíåÉê=
Éå= ÜÉí= íçåÉå= î~å= áåíÉêÉëëÉ= áå= ÜÉí= éÉêëççåäáàâÉ= äÉîÉå= î~å= ÇÉ= é~êíåÉêK= bê= òáàå=
å~ìïÉäáàâë=ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åíÉ=ÇáëÅêÉé~åíáÉë=ÖÉîçåÇÉå=çé=ÇÉòÉ=áíÉãëI=ï~í=ÜÉí=êÉëìäí~~í=òçì=
âìååÉå= òáàå= î~å= ÜÉí= ÖÉÄêÉââáÖÉ= áåòáÅÜí= Ç~í= é~êíåÉêë= ÜÉÄÄÉå= áå= ÇÉòÉ= í~âÉåK= jÉí=
NOU=
~åÇÉêÉ=ïççêÇÉåW=ÇÉòÉ=í~âÉå=òáàå=ãáåÇÉê=ÖçÉÇ=íÉ=âï~åíáÑáÅÉêÉåI=ï~í=ãçÖÉäáàâ=äÉáÇí=íçí=
ÉÉå=ãáåÇÉê=ÜÉäÇÉê=ÄÉÉäÇ=î~å=ÇÉ=ÄáàÇê~ÖÉ=î~å=ÇÉ=é~êíåÉêK=
=
sÉêâä~êáåÖÉå= îççê= ÇÉ= îÉêëÅÜáääÉå= áå= ~åíïççêÇÉå= íìëëÉå= é~êíåÉêë= òáàå= îççê~ä=
ÖÉîçåÇÉå= áå= ÉáÖÉåëÅÜ~ééÉå= î~å= ÇÉ= é~êíåÉêêÉä~íáÉK= tÉ= òáàå= Éêî~å= ìáíÖÉÖ~~å= Ç~í=
é~êíåÉêë= ÇÉ= ÄáàÇê~ÖÉ= î~å= Üìå= é~êíåÉê= çîÉêëÅÜ~ííÉå= ~äë= ÇÉ= êÉä~íáÉâï~äáíÉáí= ÜççÖ= áëK=
jÉåëÉå= áå= ÜÉÅÜíÉ= êÉä~íáÉë= âçÉëíÉêÉå= ïÉääáÅÜí= ÚéçëáíáÉîÉ= áääìëáÉëÛ= çîÉê= Éäâ~~êW= òÉ=
ÄÉå~ÇêìââÉå= ÇÉ= ÖçÉÇÉ= ÉáÖÉåëÅÜ~ééÉå= î~å= ÇÉ= é~êíåÉê= Éå= òáàå= ÖÉãçíáîÉÉêÇ= ÑçìíÉå=
î~å= ÇÉ= é~êíåÉê= çîÉê= ÜÉí= ÜççÑÇ= íÉ= òáÉåK= bÉå= éçëáíáÉîÉ= îççêáåÖÉåçãÉåÜÉáÇ= Çê~~Öí= Éê=
ïÉääáÅÜí= íçÉ= Äáà= Ç~í= ÇÉ= êÉä~íáÉ= IïÉêâíÒ= Ejìêê~óI= eçäãÉëI= ~åÇ= dêáÑÑáåI= NVVSX= d~ÄäÉI=
oÉáëI= ~åÇ= açïåÉóI= OMMPX= j~åÇÉã~âÉêë= ~åÇ= aóâëíê~I= íÉ= îÉêëÅÜáàåÉåFK= m~êíåÉêë= ãÉí=
ÉÉå= ëäÉÅÜíÉ= êÉä~íáÉâï~äáíÉáí= òáàå= ïÉääáÅÜí= ÖÉãçíáîÉÉêÇ= ÅçåëíêìÅíáÉÑ= ÖÉÇê~Ö= î~å= Üìå=
é~êíåÉê= àìáëí= åáÉí= íÉ= òáÉåW= òáà= òìääÉå= ÇÉ= ÄáàÇê~ÖÉ= î~å= ÇÉ= é~êíåÉê= Ç~~êÇççê= âìååÉå=
çåÇÉêëÅÜ~ííÉå= EçÑ= Üìå= ÉáÖÉå= ÄáàÇê~ÖÉ= çîÉêëÅÜ~ííÉåFK= oÉä~íáÉâï~äáíÉáí= Ääáàâí= áåÇÉêÇ~~Ç=
ÇÉ=ëíÉêâëíÉ=îççêëéÉääÉê=î~å=çîÉêëÅÜ~ííáåÖW=é~êíåÉêë=çîÉêëÅÜ~ííÉå=Üìå=ÉáÖÉå=ÄáàÇê~ÖÉ=
~äë=ÇÉ=âï~äáíÉáí=î~å=ÇÉ=êÉä~íáÉ=ãáåÇÉê=ÖçÉÇ=áëK=
=
eçÉ= é~êíåÉêë= ÄÉí~~äÇÉ= ~êÄÉáÇ= çåÇÉêäáåÖ= îÉêÇÉäÉå= áë= ÉÉå= ~åÇÉêÉ= Ñ~Åíçê= ÇáÉ=
ÄáàÇê~~Öí=~~å=ÇÉ=îÉêâä~êáåÖ=î~å=îÉêëÅÜáääÉå=áå=~åíïççêÇÉåK=få=é~êíåÉêêÉä~íáÉë=ï~~ê=ÇÉ=
îêçìï=ÉÉå=âäÉáåÉ=é~êííáãÉ=Ä~~å=ÜÉÉÑíI=îáåÇí=ãÉÉê=çîÉêëÅÜ~ííáåÖ=éä~~íëK=t~~êëÅÜáàåäáàâ=
îáåÇÉå=ÇÉ=îêçìïÉå=áå=ÇÉòÉ=é~êíåÉêêÉä~íáÉë=ÜÉí=çåÉÉêäáàâ=Ç~í=òÉ=ÜÉí=ÖêççíëíÉ=ÇÉÉä=î~å=
ÇÉ= ÜìáëÜçìÇÉäáàâÉ= ~êÄÉáÇ= îççê= Üìå= êÉâÉåáåÖ= åÉãÉåI= íÉêïáàä= òÉ= ççâ= åçÖ= ÉÉå= âäÉáåÉ=
é~êííáãÉ= Ä~~å= ÜÉÄÄÉåK= káÉí= íÜÉ= ëÉÅçåÇ= ëÜáÑí= EeçÅÜëÅÜáäÇI= NVUVF= áå= íïÉÉîÉêÇáÉåÉêëJ
ÜìáëÜçìÇÉåë=áë=ÖÉêÉä~íÉÉêÇ=~~å=ÇÉ=îÉêëÅÜáääÉå=áå=~åíïççêÇÉåI=ã~~ê=ÜÉí=ÇçÉå=î~å= íÜÉ=
ëÉÅçåÇ=ëÜáÑí=áå=êÉä~íáÉ=íçí=ÉÉå=âäÉáåÉ=é~êííáãÉ=Ä~~åK=
=
lÑ=é~êíåÉêë=ÖÉíêçìïÇ=òáàå=çÑ=ë~ãÉåïçåÉå=áë=ÉÉå=îçäÖÉåÇÉ=Ñ~Åíçê=ÇáÉ=îÉêÄ~åÇ=
ÜçìÇí= ãÉí= ÜÉí= çéíêÉÇÉå= î~å= îÉêëÅÜáääÉå= áå= ~åíïççêÇÉå= íìëëÉå= ã~å= Éå= îêçìïK=
p~ãÉåïçåÉåÇÉ= é~êÉå= ëíêÉîÉå= ïÉääáÅÜí= å~~ê= ãÉÉê= ÖÉäáàâÜÉáÇ= áå= ÇÉ= êÉä~íáÉ= Ç~å=
ÖÉíêçìïÇÉ=é~êÉå=çãÇ~í=òÉ=ãáåÇÉê=òÉâÉê=òáàå=çîÉê=ÇÉ=íçÉâçãëí=î~å=Üìå=êÉä~íáÉK=eìå=
ÄáåÇáåÖ=~~å=ÇÉ=êÉä~íáÉ=áë=ãçÖÉäáàâ=ÖÉêáåÖÉê=Ç~å=Äáà=ÖÉíêçìïÇÉ=é~êÉåI=Éå=Ç~~êãÉÉ=ççâ=
ÇÉ=ÄÉêÉáÇÜÉáÇ=çã=áå=ÇÉ=êÉä~íáÉ=íÉ=áåîÉëíÉêÉå=áå=éä~~íë=î~å=áå=ÇÉ=ÉáÖÉå=äÉîÉåëâ~åëÉåK=
tÉ=îÉêçåÇÉêëíÉääÉå=Ç~í=ï~ååÉÉê=áåîÉëíÉêÉå=áå=çåÄÉí~~äÇÉ=ÜìáëÜçìÇÉäáàâÉ=~êÄÉáÇ=ÉÉå=
òï~~êïÉÖÉåÇ= çåÇÉêïÉêé= áë= îççê= é~êíåÉêë= Ó= ï~í= ÜÉí= ï~~êëÅÜáàåäáàâ= áë= îççê=
ë~ãÉåïçåÉåÇÉ= é~êíåÉêë= Ó= òáà= ÉÉêÇÉê= ÖÉåÉáÖÇ= òáàå= Üìå= ÉáÖÉå= ÄáàÇê~ÖÉ= ~~å= ÜÉí=
ÜìáëÜçìÇÉå=íÉ=çîÉêëÅÜ~ííÉåK=
=
bÉå= âçêíÉêÉ= êÉä~íáÉÇììê= äÉáÇí= íçí= ãÉÉê= çîÉêëÅÜ~ííáåÖ= î~å= ÇÉ= é~êíåÉêë= î~å= ÇÉ=
ÉáÖÉå= ÄáàÇê~ÖÉ=~~å=ëéÉÅáÑáÉâ=ÚîêçìïÉäáàâÉÛ=í~âÉå=òç~äë=âçâÉå=Éå=ëÅÜççåã~âÉåK=sççê=
ëéÉÅáÑáÉâ= Úã~ååÉäáàâÉÛ= í~âÉå= òç~äë= ÜÉí= ÇçÉå= î~å= âäìëàÉë= áå= Üìáë= áë= ÖÉÉå= îÉêÄ~åÇ=
ÖÉîçåÇÉåK= sççê= Éãçíáçå= ïçêâ= áë= ÇÉ= êÉä~íáÉ= ~åÇÉêëçãW= ÉÉå= ä~åÖÉêÉ= êÉä~íáÉÇììê= äÉáÇí=
íçí=ãÉÉê=çîÉêëÅÜ~ííáåÖ=î~å=ÇÉ=é~êíåÉêë=î~å=ÇÉ=ÉáÖÉå=ÄáàÇê~ÖÉK=aÉòÉ=ÄÉîáåÇáåÖ=ÜçìÇí=
NOV=
ãçÖÉäáàâ= îÉêÄ~åÇ= ãÉí= ÇÉ= âï~åíáÑáÅÉÉêÄ~~êÜÉáÇ= î~å= ÇÉ= í~âÉåW= å~~êã~íÉ= ÇÉ= êÉä~íáÉ=
îçêÇÉêí= âìååÉå= ÇÉòÉ= í~âÉå= íçÉåÉãÉå= Éå= ãÉÉê= ÅçãéäÉñ= î~å= ~~êÇ= ïçêÇÉåI=
ÄáàîççêÄÉÉäÇ= ï~ååÉÉê= Éê= çéÖêçÉáÉåÇÉ= âáåÇÉêÉå= òáàå= áå= ÜÉí= ÖÉòáåW= ÇÉ= íçÉå~ãÉ= çÑ=
ÅçãéäÉñáíÉáí=áë=ãçÉáäáàâ=íÉ=òáÉå=îççê=é~êíåÉêëK=
=
qçí= ëäçí= ÇçÉå= ççâ= îÉêëÅÜáääÉå= áå= ÖÉåÇÉêJáÇÉçäçÖáÉ= ÉêíçÉK= tÉ= îÉêï~ÅÜíÉå= Ç~í=
îêçìïÉå= Éå= ã~ååÉå= ãÉí= ãÉÉê= ÉÖ~äáí~áêÉ= ~ííáíìÇÉë= ëíêÉîÉå= å~~ê= ÉÉå= ãÉÉê= ÖÉäáàâÉ=
í~~âîÉêÇÉäáåÖ=Éå=Ç~í=òáà=Ç~~êÇççê=ÇÉ=ÄáàÇê~ÖÉ=î~å=ÇÉ=ã~å=~~å=ÜÉí=ÜìáëÜçìÇÉå=òìääÉå=
çîÉêëÅÜ~ííÉåK=tÉ=îáåÇÉå=ÉÉå=ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åí=îÉêÄ~åÇ=çé=ÇÉ=ëéÉÅáÑáÉâ=ÚîêçìïÉäáàâÉÛ=í~âÉå=
îççê= ã~ååÉå= ãÉí= ãÉÉê= ÉÖ~äáí~áêÉ= ~ííáíìÇÉë= Ç~å= Üìå= îêçìïK= aÉòÉ= ã~ååÉå=
çîÉêëÅÜ~ííÉå=Üìå=ÄáàÇê~ÖÉ=çé=ÇÉòÉ=í~âÉåK=
=
lîÉê= ÜÉí= ~äÖÉãÉÉå= îáåÇÉå= ïÉíÉåëÅÜ~ééÉêë= Ç~í= òçïÉä= ÇÉ= ã~å= ~äë= ÇÉ= îêçìï=
ÇÉ=ÉáÖÉå=ÄáàÇê~ÖÉ=~~å=ÇÉ=ÜÉí=ÜìáëÜçìÇÉå=çîÉêëÅÜ~íK=tÉ=ïÉíÉå=ÉÅÜíÉê=åáÉíë=çîÉê=ÇÉ=
ï~êÉ=ÄáàÇê~ÖÉ=î~å=ÇÉ=é~êíåÉêëX=çîÉêëÅÜ~ííáåÖ=Éå=çåÇÉêëÅÜ~ííáåÖ=áë=~ääÉÉå=ÖÉÄêìáâí=áå=
êÉä~íáÉ=íçí=ÜÉí=~åíïççêÇ=î~å=ÇÉ=~åÇÉêÉ=é~êíåÉêK=aççê=ÜÉí=ÑçêãìäÉêÉå=Éå=íçÉíëÉå=î~å=
ÜóéçíÜÉëÉå= çîÉê= çåÇÉêäáÖÖÉåÇÉ= ãÉÅÜ~åáëãÉå= ãÉí= ÄÉíêÉââáåÖ= íçí= çîÉêëÅÜ~ííáåÖ= Éå=
çåÇÉêëÅÜ~ííáåÖ= ÜÉÄÄÉå= ïÉ= ÉåáÖ= áåòáÅÜí= îÉêâêÉÖÉå= áå= çÑ= ÜÉí= Ö~~í= çã= ÉÉå=
çîÉêëÅÜ~ííáåÖ= çÑ= çåÇÉêëÅÜ~ííáåÖ= Çççê= ÇÉ= îêçìïI= Çççê= ÇÉ= ã~å= çÑ= Çççê= ÄÉáÇÉåK=
_çîÉåÇáÉå= âìååÉå= ïÉ= ëíÉääÉå= Ç~í= ÜÉí= Äáà= ÜÉí= çåÇÉêòçÉâÉå= î~å= îÉêëÅÜáääÉå= áå=
~åíïççêÇÉå=íìëëÉå=é~êíåÉêë=Ö~~í=çã=ÉÉå=ÅçãéäÉñ=ÑÉåçãÉÉåI=Ç~í=åáÉí=ÉÉåîçìÇáÖ=áë=
íÉ= çåíê~ÑÉäÉåK= dÉÖÉîÉå= ÇÉòÉ= ÅçãéäÉñáíÉáí= ÜÉÄÄÉå= ïÉ= ÇÉ= ~åíïççêÇÉå= î~å= ÄÉáÇÉ=
é~êíåÉêë= ÖÉÄêìáâí= áå= ÇÉ=~å~äóëÉë= î~å= ÇÉ= ÜççÑÇëíìââÉå= P=íçí= Éå= ãÉí= RK=lã= êÉÅÜí= íÉ=
ÇçÉå= ~~å=~ääÉ= ãÉÅÜ~åáëãÉå= ÇáÉ= ãçÖÉäáàâ= çéíêÉÇÉå= ÜÉÄÄÉå=ïÉ= ÜÉí= ÖÉãáÇÇÉäÇÉ= î~å=
ÇÉ= ~åíïççêÇÉå= î~å= ÄÉáÇÉ= é~êíåÉêë= çîÉê= Üìå= êÉëéÉÅíáÉîÉäáàâÉ= ÄáàÇê~ÖÉå= ~~å=
ÜìáëÜçìÇÉäáàâÉ=í~âÉå=ÄÉêÉâÉåÇK=
=
få=ÜççÑÇëíìâ=P=é~ëëÉå=ïÉ=ÇÉ=ÚëçÅá~ä=ê~íáçå~äáíóÛ=ÄÉå~ÇÉêáåÖ=áå=é~êíåÉêêÉä~íáÉë=Ó=
ÜÉí= ãÉÅÜ~åáëãÉ= î~å= âäÉáåÉ= Éå= ÖêçíÉ= ÄÉëäáëëáåÖÉå= J= íçÉ= çé= éçêí~ÄäÉ= Éå=
êÉä~íáÉëéÉÅáÑáÉâÉ= áåîÉëíÉêáåÖÉåK= mçêí~ÄäÉ= áåîÉëíÉêáåÖÉå= ã~âÉå= é~êíåÉêë= ãÉÉê=
çå~ÑÜ~åâÉäáàâ= î~å= ÇÉ= é~êíåÉêêÉä~íáÉK= oÉä~íáÉëéÉÅáÑáÉâÉ= áåîÉëíÉêáåÖÉå= ã~âÉå= é~êíåÉêë=
ãÉÉê=~ÑÜ~åâÉäáàâ= î~å= Éäâ~~ê=Éå= ÇÉ=êÉä~íáÉ= EbåÖä~åÇ= Éå= háäÄçìêåÉI= NVVMFK= aÉ= éçêí~ÄäÉ=
áåîÉëíÉêáåÖÉå= òáàå= áåîÉëíÉêáåÖÉå= áå= ÄÉí~~äÇÉ= ~êÄÉáÇ= Éå= ÜÉí= ÜÉÄÄÉå= î~å= éÉêëççåäáàâÉ=
îêáÉåÇÉå= Éå= ÇÉ= êÉä~íáÉëéÉÅáÑáÉâÉ= áåîÉëíÉêáåÖÉå= òáàå= áåîÉëíÉêáåÖÉå= áå= ÜìáëÜçìÇÉäáàâÉ=
í~âÉå=Éå=ëíÉìå=~~å=ÇÉ=é~êíåÉê=áå=ÄÉëäáëëáåÖÉå=çãíêÉåí=ïÉêâ=Éå=áå=éê~âíáëÅÜÉ=ò~âÉåK=
aÉòÉ= éçêí~ÄäÉ= Éå= êÉä~íáÉëéÉÅáÑáÉâÉ= áåîÉëíÉêáåÖÉå= òáàå= ÖÉÅçãÄáåÉÉêÇ= áå= ÉÉå= ä~íÉåí=
Åä~ëë=ãçÇÉäK=bê=òáàå=îáÉê=Ú~ÑÜ~åâÉäáàâÜÉáÇëíóéÉåÛ=ÖÉîçåÇÉåW=ÚÜÉÅÜíÉ=íê~ÇáíáçåÉäÉÛ=é~êÉå=
ERQIQBFI= ÚäçëëÉ= íê~ÇáíáçåÉäÉÛ= é~êÉå= ENSIRBFI= é~êÉå= Úìáí= Ä~ä~åëÛ= ERIPBF= Éå= ÚÖÉäáàâÉÛ=
é~êÉå=EOPITBFK==
=
aÉ=ÚÜÉÅÜíÉ=íê~ÇáíáçåÉäÉÛ=é~êÉå=ÜÉÄÄÉå=ÉÉå=íê~ÇáíáçåÉäÉ=îÉêÇÉäáåÖ=î~å=ÄÉí~~äÇÉ=
Éå= çåÄÉí~~äÇÉ= ~êÄÉáÇI= ÜçÖÉ= åáîÉ~ìë= î~å= ÖÉéÉêÅáéáÉÉêÇÉ= ëíÉìå= Éå= ÉÉå= ä~ÖÉ= â~åë= çé=
NPM=
ÜÉí=ÇççêÄêÉåÖÉå=î~å=íáàÇ=ãÉí=ëíêáâí=éÉêëççåäáàâÉ=îêáÉåÇÉåK=ÚiçëëÉ=íê~ÇáíáçåÉäÉÛ=é~êÉå=
ÜÉÄÄÉå= ççâ= ÉÉå= íê~ÇáíáçåÉäÉ= îÉêÇÉäáåÖ= î~å= ÄÉí~~äÇÉ= Éå= çåÄÉí~~äÇÉ= ~êÄÉáÇI= ã~~ê=
ä~ÖÉêÉ=åáîÉ~ìë=î~å=ÖÉéÉêÅáéáÉÉêÇÉ=ëíÉìå=Eîççê~ä=ÇÉ=îêçìïÉåF=Éå=ÇÉ=â~åë=Ç~í=é~êíåÉêë=
íáàÇ=ÇççêÄêÉåÖÉå=ãÉí=éÉêëççåäáàâÉ=îêáÉåÇÉå=áë=ÜççÖ=îÉêÖÉäÉâÉå=ãÉí=ÇÉ=~åÇÉêÉ=íóéÉåK=
aÉ= é~êÉå= Úìáí= Ä~ä~åëÛ= ÜÉÄÄÉå= ÉÉå= ÖÉäáàâÉ= â~åë= çé= ÉÉå= íê~ÇáíáçåÉäÉ= ~äë= ÉÉå= ãÉÉê=
ÖÉäáàâÉ= îÉêÇÉäáåÖ= î~å= ÄÉí~~äÇÉ= ~êÄÉáÇI= ã~~ê= ÜÉÄÄÉå= ÉÉå= íê~ÇáíáçåÉäÉ= îÉêÇÉäáåÖ= î~å=
çåÄÉí~~äÇÉ=~êÄÉáÇI=îêçìïÉå=îçÉäÉå=òáÅÜ= ÖÉëíÉìåÇI=ã~~ê=ÇÉ=ã~ååÉå=Éêî~êÉå=ïÉáåáÖ=
ëíÉìåK= aÉ= ÚÖÉäáàâÉÛ= é~êÉå= ÜÉÄÄÉå= ÉÉå= îÉÉä= ãÉÉê= ÖÉäáàâÉ= îÉêÇÉäáåÖ= î~å= ÄÉí~~äÇÉ= Éå=
çåÄÉí~~äÇÉ=~êÄÉáÇ=Éå=ÄÉáÇÉ=é~êíåÉêë=Éêî~êÉå=îÉÉä=ëíÉìå=~~å=Éäâ~~êK=
=
léãÉêâÉäáàâ= áë= Ç~í= ÇÉ= â~åë= çé= ÜÉí= ÜÉÄÄÉå= î~å= ÉÉå= ëìÄëí~åíáÉÉä= ëÅÜÉîÉ=
îÉêÇÉäáåÖ=î~å=ÜìáëÜçìÇÉäáàâÉ=í~âÉå=EÇÉ=îêçìï=ÇçÉí=îÉÉä=ãÉÉê=Ç~å=ÇÉ=ã~åF=ÉêÖ=Öêççí=
áë=Äáà=ÇêáÉ=î~å=ÇÉ=îáÉê=íóéÉåK=eçÉ=âçãí=ÜÉí=Ç~í=ÇÉòÉ=~ÑÜ~åâÉäáàâÜÉáÇ=òáÅÜ=çåíïáââÉäí\=
få= Çáí= ÜççÑÇëíìâ= ÄÉ~êÖìãÉåíÉêÉå= ïÉ= Ç~í= ÇÉ= äçÖáÅ~= î~å= ÇÉ= âäÉáåÉ= ÄÉëäáëëáåÖÉå= çîÉê=
ïáÉ=ÉÉå=ÄÉé~~äÇÉ=í~~â=ò~ä=ÇçÉå=ÖÉëíììêÇ=ïçêÇí=Çççê=îÉêçåÇÉêëíÉäÇÉ=ÅçãéÉíÉåíáÉ=Éå=
åáÉí= Çççê= ã~ÅÜíK= få= ÇÉ= çÖÉå= î~å= ÄÉáÇÉ= é~êíåÉêë= òáàå= ÜÉí= Éêî~êáåÖ= Éå= ëíÉêÉçíóéÉ=
îÉêçåÇÉêëíÉääáåÖÉå= ÇáÉ= ÇÉ= îêçìï= ãÉÉê= ÖÉëÅÜáâí= ã~âÉå= îççê= ÇÉ= ãÉÉëíÉ=
ÜìáëÜçìÇÉäáàâÉ= í~âÉåW= ÜÉí= Åìãìä~íáÉîÉ= ÉÑÑÉÅí= î~å= ÇÉòÉ= âäÉáåÉ= ÄÉëäáëëáåÖÉå= áë= Ç~í=
îêçìïÉå= îÉÉä= ãÉÉê= áåîÉëíÉêÉå= áå= ÇÉ= êÉä~íáÉ= Ç~å= ÇÉ= ã~åI= ï~~êÇççê= òáà= ãáåÇÉê= íáàÇ=
âìååÉå= ÄÉëíÉÇÉå= ~~å= éçêí~ÄäÉ= áåîÉëíÉêáåÖÉå= ÇáÉ= Üìå= çå~ÑÜ~åâÉäáàâÜÉáÇ= îÉêÖêçíÉåK=
aÉòÉ=íÜÉçêáÉ=îÉêëÅÜáäí=î~å=ÇÉ=ÚêÉëçìêÅÉJÄ~êÖ~áåáåÖÛ=ÄÉå~ÇÉêáåÖ=ÇáÉ=Éêî~å=ìáíÖ~~í=Ç~í=
å~~êã~íÉ=ÉÉå=é~êíåÉê=ãÉÉê=ÜìäéÄêçååÉå=òç~äë=çéäÉáÇáåÖI=áåâçãÉå=Éå=ÄÉêçÉéëëí~íìë=
ÜÉÉÑí= EòçïÉä= ~Äëçäììí= ~äë= áå= êÉä~íáÉ= íçí= ÇÉ= é~êíåÉêFI= Üáà= çÑ= òáà= ãáåÇÉê= ÇçÉí= áå= ÜÉí=
ÜìáëÜçìÇÉåK==
=
aÉ=ÅÉåíê~äÉ=îê~~Ö=áå=Çáí=ÜççÑÇëíìâ=áë=çÑ=ÜÉí=~~ååÉãÉäáàâ=áë=Ç~í=ÇÉ=îÉêÇÉäáåÖ=î~å=
ÜìáëÜçìÇÉäáàâÉ=í~âÉå=ÄÉé~~äÇ=ïçêÇí=Çççê=ÇÉ=îÉêÇÉäáåÖ=î~å=éçêí~ÄäÉ=ÜìäéÄêçååÉå=EÇìë=
Çççê= çåÇÉêÜ~åÇÉäáåÖëã~ÅÜíFK= tÉ= ÄÉ~êÖìãÉåíÉêÉå= Ç~í= çåÇÉêÜ~åÇÉäáåÖ= ~ääÉÉå=
éä~~íëîáåÇí= áå= ÇÉ= ÚÖêçíÉÛ= ÄÉëäáëëáåÖÉå= î~å= ÇÉ= é~êíåÉêêÉä~íáÉI= ÄáàîççêÄÉÉäÇ= çÑ= ÄÉáÇÉ=
é~êíåÉêë=~ä=Ç~å=åáÉí=ÉÉå=ÄÉí~~äÇÉ=Ä~~å=ÜÉÄÄÉåK=låÇÉêÜ~åÇÉäáåÖÉå=âìååÉå=Çìë=äÉáÇÉå=
íçí= ÉÉå= ãáåÇÉê= ëÅÜÉîÉ= îÉêÇÉäáåÖ= î~å= ÄÉí~~äÇÉ= ~êÄÉáÇI= ã~~ê= åáÉí= íçí= ÉÉå= ãáåÇÉê=
ëÅÜÉîÉ= îÉêÇÉäáåÖ= î~å= çåÄÉí~~äÇÉ= ~êÄÉáÇI= Ç~~êîççê= ÖÉäÇí= ÜÉí= ãÉÅÜ~åáëãÉ= î~å= ÇÉ=
ÚâäÉáåÉÛ= ÄÉëäáëëáåÖÉåK= lçâ= ÇÉ= ÚÖÉäáàâÉÛ= é~êÉå= ÜÉÄÄÉå= åçÖ= PMB= â~åë= çé= ÉÉå=
ëìÄëí~åíáÉÉä= ëÅÜÉîÉ= îÉêÇÉäáåÖ= î~å= çåÄÉí~~äÇÉ= ~êÄÉáÇK= eÉí= áë= ÜÉÉä=ÖçÉÇ= ãçÖÉäáàâ= Ç~í=
ççâ= Äáà= ÇÉ= ÚÖÉäáàâÉÛ= é~êÉå= ÇÉ= îêçìï= ãÉÉê= êÉä~íáÉëéÉÅáÑáÉâÉ= áåîÉëíÉêáåÖÉå= ÇçÉí= Ç~å=
Ü~~ê=ã~ååÉäáàâÉ=é~êíåÉêW=ÜÉí=Åìãìä~íáÉîÉ=ÉÑÑÉÅí=î~å=ÇÉ=âäÉáåÉ=ÄÉëäáëëáåÖÉå=ÖÉäÇí=ççâ=
îççê= ÜÉåI= ~ääÉÉå= áå= ãáåÇÉêÉ= ã~íÉK= aÉ= ãÉÉê= ÖÉäáàâÉ= îÉêÇÉäáåÖ= î~å= ÜìáëÜçìÇÉäáàâÉ=
~êÄÉáÇ= î~å= ÇÉ= ÚÖÉäáàâÉÛ= é~êÉå= áë= ï~~êëÅÜáàåäáàâ= ÜÉí= ÖÉîçäÖ= î~å= ÜÉí= ìáíÄÉëíÉÇÉå= î~å=
ÇÉòÉ= í~âÉåI= ï~í= ÇÉ= â~åëÉå= çé= ÇÉ= áåïÉêâáåÖíêÉÇáåÖ= î~å= ÜÉí= ãÉÅÜ~åáëãÉ= î~å= ÇÉ=
âäÉáåÉ=ÄÉëäáëëáåÖÉå=êÉÇìÅÉÉêíK=
NPN=
=
tÉ= îÉêçåÇÉêëíÉääÉå= ççâ= Ç~í= ï~ååÉÉê= êÉä~íáÉëéÉÅáÑáÉâÉ= áåîÉëíÉêáåÖÉå= ÜÉí=
êÉëìäí~~í= òáàå= î~å= çåÇÉêÜ~åÇÉäáåÖÉåI= ãÉí= ÉÉå= ïáåå~~ê= Éå= ÉÉå= îÉêäáÉòÉêI= ÇÉòÉ=
áåîÉëíÉêáåÖÉå= ççâ= ÜÉí= ÜìïÉäáàâëÖÉäìâ= åÉÖ~íáÉÑ= ÄÉ≥åîäçÉÇÉå= ~äë= òÉ= òÉÉê= çåÖÉäáàâ= òáàåK=
^äë=ÇÉòÉ=áåîÉëíÉêáåÖÉå=ÉÅÜíÉê=ÜÉí=Åìãìä~íáÉîÉ=ÖÉîçäÖ=òáàå=î~å=âäÉáåÉ=ÄÉëäáëëáåÖÉå=ò~ä=
Éê= ÖÉÉå= îÉêÄ~åÇ= çéíêÉÇÉå= íìëëÉå= ÇÉ= ëÅÜÉÉÑÜÉáÇ= î~å= ÇÉ= êÉä~íáÉëéÉÅáÑáÉâÉ=
áåîÉëíÉêáåÖÉå= Éå= ÜÉí= ÜìïÉäáàâëÖÉäìâ= î~å= é~êíåÉêëK= tÉ= ÜÉÄÄÉå= ÖÉÉå= îÉêëÅÜáä=
ÖÉîçåÇÉå=áå=ÜìïÉäáàâëÖÉäìâ=íìëëÉå=ÚÖÉäáàâÉÛ=é~êÉå=Éå=ÚÜÉÅÜíÉ=íê~ÇáíáçåÉäÉÛ=é~êÉåW=Çìë=
íìëëÉå=é~êÉå=ãÉí=ÉÉå=êÉä~íáÉÑ=ÖÉäáàâÉ=îÉêÇÉäáåÖ=î~å=çåÄÉí~~äÇÉ=~êÄÉáÇ=Éå=é~êÉå=ãÉí=
ÉÉå=ÉêÖ=ëÅÜÉîÉ=îÉêÇÉäáåÖK=bÅÜíÉê=ÇÉ=é~êíåÉêë=ìáí=ÇÉ=ÚäçëëÉ=íê~ÇáíáçåÉäÉÛ=é~êÉå=Éå=ÇÉ=
é~êÉå=Úìáí=Ä~ä~åëÛ=òáàå=ãáåÇÉê=ÖÉäìââáÖ=Ç~å=ÇÉ=ÚÖÉäáàâÉ=é~êÉåÛK=bÉå=ÄÉä~åÖêáàâ=îÉêëÅÜáä=
íìëëÉå= ÇÉ=ÚäçëëÉ=íê~ÇáíáçåÉäÉÛ= é~êÉå= Éå= ÇÉ= é~êÉå=Úìáí= Ä~ä~åëÛ= ~~å=ÇÉ=ÉåÉ= â~åí=Éå=ÇÉ=
ÚÖÉäáàâÉÛ= Éå= ÚÜÉÅÜíÉ= íê~ÇáíáçåÉäÉÛ= é~êÉå= ~~å= ÇÉ= ~åÇÉêÉ= â~åí= áë= Ç~í= ÇÉ= ÉÉêëíÉå= îÉÉä=
ãáåÇÉê= ëíÉìå= çåíî~åÖÉå= î~å= Üìå= é~êíåÉêK= dÉéÉêÅáéáÉÉêÇÉ= ëíÉìå= áë= ï~~êëÅÜáàåäáàâ=
ÄÉä~åÖêáàâÉê= îççê= ÜÉí= ÜìïÉäáàâëÖÉäìâ= î~å= é~êÉå= Ç~å= ÇÉ= îÉêÇÉäáåÖ= î~å= ÄÉí~~äÇÉ= çÑ=
çåÄÉí~~äÇÉ=~êÄÉáÇK=
=
få= ÜççÑÇëíìâ= Q= çåÇÉêòçÉâÉå= ïÉ= ï~í= ÜÉí= îÉêëÅÜáä= ã~~âí= íìëëÉå= ÉÉå= ÖÉäáàâÉ=
îÉêÇÉäáåÖ=î~å=ÜìáëÜçìÇÉäáàâÉ=í~âÉå=Éå=ÉÉå=çåÖÉäáàâÉ=îÉêÇÉäáåÖK=få=Çáí=ÜççÑÇëíìâ=áë=ÇÉ=
ÚëçÅá~ä= ê~íáçå~äáíóÛ= ÄÉå~ÇÉêáåÖ= áå= ÇÉ= é~êíåÉêêÉä~íáÉ= Ó= ÜÉí= ãÉÅÜ~åáëãÉ= î~å= ÖêçíÉ= Éå=
âäÉáåÉ= ÄÉëäáëëáåÖÉå=Ó= ÖÉ≥åíêçÇìÅÉÉêÇ= áå= ÉÉå= ÄêÉÇÉê= ëéÉÅíêìã= î~å= îÉêâä~êáåÖÉå= îççê=
ÇÉ=í~~âîÉêÇÉäáåÖK=aÉ=ÑçÅìë=î~å=Çáí=ÜççÑÇëíìâ=äáÖí=çé=ÜçÉ=ÜÉí=ãÉÅÜ~åáëãÉ=î~å=ÖêçíÉ=
Éå=âäÉáåÉ=ÄÉëäáëëáåÖÉå=îÉêãÉÇÉå=â~å=ïçêÇÉå=çé=ÉÉå=ÇìëÇ~åáÖÉ=ã~åáÉê=Ç~í=Éê=ÖÉÉå=
çåÖÉäáàâÜÉáÇ=çéíêÉÉÇí=áå=ÇÉ=îÉêÇÉäáåÖ=î~å=çåÄÉí~~äÇÉ=~êÄÉáÇK=aççê=àìáëí=ÇÉ=îÉêãáàÇáåÖ=
î~å= ÜÉí= ãÉÅÜ~åáëãÉ= íÉ= ÄÉëíìÇÉêÉå= ï~êÉå= ïÉ= áå= ëí~~í= áÉíë= íÉ= òÉÖÖÉå= çîÉê= ÜçÉ=
ÉñéäáÅáÉí=çÑ=ïÉäÄÉïìëí=ÇÉ=í~~âîÉêÇÉäáåÖ=ïçêÇí=~ÑÖÉïçÖÉå=íìëëÉå=ÄÉáÇÉ=é~êíåÉêëK=aÉ=
çåÇÉêòçÉâëîê~~Ö= áå= Çáí= ÜççÑÇëíìâ= äìáÇíW= t~í= îÉêâä~~êí= ÉÉå= ÖÉäáàâÉ= îÉêÇÉäáåÖ= î~å=
ÜìáëÜçìÇÉäáàâÉ=í~âÉå\=
=
tÉ= îÉêï~ÅÜíÉå= çé= Ä~ëáë= î~å= ÉÉêÇÉêÉ= ëíìÇáÉë= Éå= ÜÉí= ãÉÅÜ~åáëãÉ= î~å= ÖêçíÉ=
Éå= âäÉáåÉ= ÄÉëäáëëáåÖÉå= ÖÉÉå= îÉêÄ~åÇ= íìëëÉå= ÇÉ= ÖÉäáàâÜÉáÇëåçêã= î~å= îêçìïÉå= Éå=
ã~ååÉå=Éå=ÖÉäáàâÜÉáÇ=áå=ÇÉ=îÉêÇÉäáåÖ=î~å=ÜìáëÜçìÇÉäáàâÉ=í~âÉåK=^é~êíÉ=~å~äóëÉë=îççê=
îêçìïÉå= Éå= ã~ååÉå= ÄÉîÉëíáÖÉå= ÇÉòÉ= îÉêï~ÅÜíáåÖW= Éê= áë= ÖÉÉå= îÉêÄ~åÇ= ÖÉîçåÇÉåK=
q~~âëéÉÅáÑáÉâÉ= åçêãÉå= Eáå= éä~~íë= î~å= ~Äëíê~ÅíÉ= ëçÅá~äÉ= åçêãÉå= çîÉê= ÖÉäáàâÜÉáÇF= áå=
ÅçãÄáå~íáÉ= ãÉí= ÉÉå= ãÉÅÜ~åáëãÉ= î~å= îÉêï~ÅÜíáåÖëé~íêçåÉå= äÉáÇÉå= áåÇÉêÇ~~Ç=
ãçÖÉäáàâ= íçí= îÉêï~ÅÜíáåÖÉå= çîÉê= ïÉäâÉ= é~êíåÉê= ÄÉé~~äÇÉ= í~âÉå= ÄÉíÉê= â~å= Ç~å= ÇÉ=
~åÇÉê=Éå=íçí=Åìãìä~íáÉîÉ=îÉêëÅÜáääÉå=áå=ÇÉ=íçÉïáàòáåÖ=î~å=í~âÉåK=tÉ=îÉêçåÇÉêëíÉääÉå=
Ç~í= ÉÉå= ÖêçíÉêÉ= ïÉäÄÉïìëíÜÉáÇ= ãÉí= ÄÉíêÉââáåÖ= íçí= Çáí= ÖÉåÇÉêJêÉéêçÇìÅíáÉîÉ= éêçÅÉë=
ò~ä=äÉáÇÉå=íçí=ÉÉå=ãÉÉê=ÖÉäáàâÉ=îÉêÇÉäáåÖ=î~å=í~âÉå=ÇççêÇ~í=ÇÉ=Ä~åÇÄêÉÉÇíÉ=ï~~êáå=ÇÉ=
âäÉáåÉ= ÄÉëäáëëáåÖÉå= çéíêÉÇÉå= ïçêÇí= îÉêâäÉáåÇK= bÉå= ÖêçíÉêÉ= ïÉäÄÉïìëíÜÉáÇ= ïçêÇí=
îÉêâêÉÖÉå=Çççê=ÉÉå=ëíÉêâÉ=çêáØåí~íáÉ=çé=~ìíçåçãáÉ=çÑ=Çççê=ÜÉí=äÉêÉå=î~å=Éêî~êáåÖÉåK=
NPO=
=
bÉå=ëíÉêâÉ=çêáØåí~íáÉ=çé=~ìíçåçãáÉ=EÖÉãÉíÉå=Çççê=çÑ=ÉÉå=é~~ê=ÖÉíêçìïÇ=áë=çÑ=
ë~ãÉåïççåí= Éå= Çççê= ÇÉ= çêáØåí~íáÉ= çé= ÄÉí~~äÇÉ= ~êÄÉáÇF= ~äë= ççâ= ÜÉí= äÉêÉå= î~å=
Éêî~êáåÖÉå=EÖÉãÉíÉå= ãÉí=ÇÉ=îê~~Ö= çÑ=ÉÉå= é~êíåÉê= ÉÉêÇÉê= ãÉí= áÉã~åÇ= ~åÇÉêë= ÜÉÉÑí=
ë~ãÉåÖÉäÉÉÑÇF= ÄäáàâÉå= áåÇÉêÇ~~Ç= Äáà= íÉ= Çê~ÖÉå= ~~å= ÉÉå= ÖÉäáàâÉ= îÉêÇÉäáåÖ= î~å=
ÜìáëÜçìÇÉäáàâÉ= í~âÉåK= aÉ= â~åë= çé= ÉÉå= ÖÉäáàâÉ= îÉêÇÉäáåÖ= áë= ÖêçíÉê= ï~ååÉÉê= é~êíåÉêë=
ë~ãÉåïçåÉå= áå= éä~~íë= î~å= ÖÉíêçìïÇ= òáàåK= tÉ= âìååÉå= ~~ååÉãÉå= Ç~í=
ë~ãÉåïçåÉåÇÉ=îêçìïÉå=òáÅÜòÉäÑ=ÄÉëÅÜÉêãÉå=íÉÖÉå=ÇÉ=ÖÉî~êÉå=î~å=ëéÉÅá~äáë~íáÉ=áå=
ÜÉí= ÖÉî~ä= ÜÉí= é~~ê= ÄÉëäìáí= ìáí= Éäâ~~ê= íÉ= Ö~~åW= òáà= ëíêÉîÉå= åáÉí= ~ääÉÉå= å~~ê= ãÉÉê=
~ìíçåçãáÉ= áå= Üìå= êÉä~íáÉI= ã~~ê= äÉííÉå= ççâ= ãÉÉê= çé= ÇÉ= íáàÇ= ÇáÉ= òáà= ÄÉëíÉÇÉå= ~~å= ÜÉí=
ÜìáëÜçìÇÉåK= aÉ= â~åë= çé= ÉÉå= ÖÉäáàâÉ= îÉêÇÉäáåÖ= áë= ççâ= ÖêçíÉê= ï~ååÉÉê= îêçìïÉå= ÉÉå=
ëíÉêâÉêÉ=çêáØåí~íáÉ= çé= ÄÉí~~äÇÉ= ~êÄÉáÇ= ÜÉÄÄÉåK= bÉå= ëíÉêâÉ= ÑçÅìë= çé= ÄÉí~~äÇÉ=~êÄÉáÇ=
â~å= Éêîççê= òçêÖÉå= Ç~í= ÇÉ= ëáíì~íáÉë= ï~~ê= ÇÉ= äçÖáÅ~= î~å= îÉêçåÇÉêëíÉäÇÉ= ÅçãéÉíÉåíáÉ=
ÖÉäÇí= ãáåÇÉê= î~~â= çéíêÉÇÉå= Éå= Ç~~êÇççê= ÄáàÇê~ÖÉå= ~~å= ÉÉå= ÖÉäáàâÉ= îÉêÇÉäáåÖ= î~å=
ÜìáëÜçìÇÉäáàâÉ=í~âÉåK=qçí=ëäçí=áë=ÇÉ=â~åë=çé=ÉÉå=ÖÉäáàâÉ=îÉêÇÉäáåÖ=ççâ=ÖêçíÉê=ï~ååÉÉê=
é~êíåÉêë=ÉÉêÇÉê=ãÉí=ÉÉå=~åÇÉêÉ=é~êíåÉê=ÜÉÄÄÉå=ë~ãÉåÖÉïççåÇK=aÉòÉ=îêçìïÉå=Éå=
ã~ååÉå= òìääÉå= òáÅÜ= ïÉääáÅÜí= ãÉÉê= ÄÉïìëí= òáàå= î~å= ÇÉ= ìáíâçãëí= î~å= ÉÉå= çåÖÉäáàâÉ=
îÉêÇÉäáåÖ=î~å=í~âÉå=Ó=òÉ=ÜÉÄÄÉå=ÖÉäÉÉêÇ=î~å=îêçÉÖÉêÉ=Éêî~êáåÖÉå=Ó=Éå=ã~âÉå=ÄÉíÉêÉ=
~Ñëéê~âÉå=áå=ÇÉ=åáÉìïÉ=êÉä~íáÉK=
=
_çîÉåÇáÉå=ÜÉÄÄÉå=ïÉ=ÖÉîçåÇÉå=Ó=áå=çîÉêÉÉåëíÉããáåÖ=ãÉí=ÄÉîáåÇáåÖÉå=î~å=
mêÉëëÉê=ENVVQF=Éå=_ìä~åÇ~=EOMMQFI=ã~~ê=áå=Åçåíê~ëí=ãÉí=çåòÉ=ÉáÖÉå=îÉêï~ÅÜíáåÖÉå=Ó=
Ç~í=ÇÉ=ÖÉåÇÉêJáÇÉçäçÖáÉ=î~å=ã~ååÉå=ïÉä=ÉÉå=êçä=ëéÉÉäí=~äë=ïÉ=~ääÉ=î~êá~ÄÉäÉå=çé=ÜÉí=
åáîÉ~ì= î~å= ÇÉ= é~êíåÉêêÉä~íáÉ= ë~ãÉåîçÉÖÉåK= jçÇÉêåÉ= ã~ååÉå= Çê~ÖÉå= Äáà= ~~å= ÉÉå=
ÖÉäáàâÉ= îÉêÇÉäáåÖ= î~å= ÜìáëÜçìÇÉäáàâÉ= í~âÉåI= íê~ÇáíáçåÉäÉ= ã~ååÉå= Çê~ÖÉå= Äáà= ~~å= ÉÉå=
çåÖÉäáàâÉ= îÉêÇÉäáåÖK= qçÅÜ= áë= ÜÉí= òç= Ç~í= ÉÉå= Öêççí= ~~åí~ä= ã~ååÉå= ãÉí= ÉÉå= ÉÖ~äáí~áêÉ=
~ííáíìÇÉ=ÉÉå=çåÖÉäáàâÉ=îÉêÇÉäáåÖ=ÜÉÉÑíW=ÜÉí=éÉêÅÉåí~ÖÉ=î~å=ÇÉ=é~êÉå=ãÉí=ÉÉå=ÖÉäáàâÉ=
îÉêÇÉäáåÖ= ï~ë= OQI= ÜÉí= éÉêÅÉåí~ÖÉ= ã~ååÉå= ãÉí= ÉÉå= ÉÖ~äáí~áêÉ= ~ííáíìÇÉ= ï~ë= UOIRK= få=
çîÉêÉÉåëíÉããáåÖ= ãÉí= ÇÉ= íÜÉçêÉíáëÅÜÉ= ÄÉå~ÇÉêáåÖ= áå= Çáí= çåÇÉêòçÉâ= â~å= ÖÉåÇÉêJ
áÇÉçäçÖáÉ=åáÉí=îÉÉä=îÉêâä~êÉå=î~å=ÇÉ=îÉêÇÉäáåÖ=î~å=ÜìáëÜçìÇÉäáàâÉ=~êÄÉáÇK=tÉ=âìååÉå=
ÉÅÜíÉê= ïÉä= ÅçåÅäìÇÉêÉå= Ç~í= ÉÉå= íê~ÇáíáçåÉäÉ= ~ííáíìÇÉ= áå= Éäâ= ÖÉî~ä= åáÉí= ÄáàÇê~~Öí= ~~å=
ÉÉå=ÖÉäáàâÉ=îÉêÇÉäáåÖK=
=
få= ÜççÑÇëíìâ= R= çåÇÉêòçÉâÉå=ïÉ= ÇÉ= ~ÑÜ~åâÉäáàâÜÉáÇëçåíïáââÉäáåÖ=áå=~ääÉ= Ñ~ëÉë=
î~å= ÇÉ= ÖÉòáåëäÉîÉåëäççé= Éå= ÇÉ= áãé~Åí= çé= ÇÉíÉêãáå~åíÉå= î~å= ÜìïÉäáàâëÖÉäìâK= aççê=
ÜÉí= ãÉÅÜ~åáëãÉ= î~å= âäÉáåÉ= ÄÉëäáëëáåÖÉå= åÉÉãí= ÇÉ= ~ëóããÉíêáÉ= áå= êÉä~íáÉëéÉÅáÑáÉâÉ=
áåîÉëíÉêáåÖÉå= î~å= ÇÉ= îêçìï= íçÉ= çîÉê= ÇÉ= íáàÇK= aÉ= ãÉÉëíÉ= ëíìÇáÉë= çîÉê= ÇÉ= îÉêÇÉäáåÖ=
î~å= ÄÉí~~äÇÉ= Éå= çåÄÉí~~äÇÉ= ~êÄÉáÇ= Ö~~å= çîÉê= ÇÉ= îêçÉÖÉ= Ñ~ëÉë= î~å= ÇÉ=
ÖÉòáåëäÉîÉåëäççéW= ÇÉ= Ñ~ëÉë= î~å= îµµê= ÜÉí= çìÇÉêëÅÜ~é= Éå= î~å= ÜÉí= çéîçÉÇÉå= î~å= ÇÉ=
âáåÇÉêÉåI=çãÇ~í=ÜÉí=áå=ÇÉòÉ=Ñ~ëÉë=áë=Ó=Éå=áå=ÇÉ=íê~åëáíáÉ=î~å=ÇÉ=ÉÉêëíÉ=Ñ~ëÉ=å~~ê=ÇÉ=
îçäÖÉåÇÉ= Ó= Ç~í= ëÉâëÉçåÖÉäáàâÜÉáÇ= íçí= ëí~åÇ= âçãíK= få= Çáí= ÜççÑÇëíìâ= òáàå= îáÉê= Ñ~ëÉë=
NPP=
çåÇÉêëÅÜÉáÇÉåW= ENF= ÇÉ= Ñ~ëÉ= î~å= îµµê= ÜÉí= çìÇÉêëÅÜ~éI= EOF= ÇÉ= Ñ~ëÉ= î~å= ÇÉ= çéîçÉÇáåÖ=
î~å=ÇÉ=âáåÇÉêÉåI=EPF=ÇÉ=Ñ~ëÉ=î~å=ÜÉí=äÉÖÉ=åÉëí=Éå=EQF=ÇÉ=Ñ~ëÉ=î~å=ÇÉ=éÉåëáçåÉêáåÖK=aÉ=
çåÇÉêòçÉâëîê~ÖÉå= î~å= Çáí= ÜççÑÇëíìâ= äìáÇÉåW= sÉêëÅÜáääÉå= ÇÉ= ÇÉíÉêãáå~åíÉå= î~å=
ÜìïÉäáàâëÖÉäìâ= î~å= îêçìïÉå= Éå= ã~ååÉå= éÉê= äÉîÉåëäççéÑ~ëÉ\= Éå= eçÉ= âìååÉå=
îÉêëÅÜáääÉå=íìëëÉå=îêçìïÉå=Éå=ã~ååÉå=ïçêÇÉå=îÉêâä~~êÇ\=
=
eÉí=ÜìïÉäáàâëÖÉäìâ=î~å=ÇÉ=îêçìï=áë=Çççê=ÇÉ=ëíÉêâÉ=ÑçÅìë=çé=ÇÉ=é~êíåÉêêÉä~íáÉ=
~ÑÜ~åâÉäáàâ= î~å= E~F= ÜçÉ= ÇÉ= é~êíåÉêêÉä~íáÉ= ï~~êáå= òáà= òç= îÉÉä= áåîÉëíÉÉêí= ìáíïÉêâí= ~äë=
ÖÉÜÉÉä= EÖÉãÉíÉå= Çççê= ÇÉ= Éêî~êÉå= êÉÅÜíî~~êÇáÖÜÉáÇF= Éå= EÄF= ÜçÉîÉÉä= ÇÉ= êÉä~íáÉ= Ü~~ê=
ÖÉÉÑí=áå=íÉêãÉå=î~å=ÜÉí=ÇÉäÉå=î~å=Éêî~êáåÖÉå=EîêáÉåÇÉå=Éå=îêáàÉ=íáàÇF=Éå=áå=íÉêãÉå=î~å=
ëíÉìå=EéÉêëççåäáàâI=êÉä~íáçåÉÉä=Éå=ëçÅá~~äFK=eÉí=ÜìïÉäáàâëÖÉäìâ=î~å=ÇÉ=ã~å=áëI=ÇççêÇ~í=
Üáà= ãáåÇÉê= áåîÉëíÉÉêí= áå= ÇÉ= é~êíåÉêêÉä~íáÉI= ãÉÉê= ~ÑÜ~åâÉäáàâ= î~å= ÜÉí= ÜÉÄÄÉå= î~å=
ÄÉíÉâÉåáëîçääÉ=~ÅíáîáíÉáíÉå=áå=ÜÉí=éìÄäáÉâÉ=ÇçãÉáå=òç~äë=EîêáàïáääáÖÉêëFïÉêâ=Éå=ï~í=Üáà=
éÉêëççåäáàâ= çåíäÉÉåí= ~~å= ÇÉ= é~êíåÉêêÉä~íáÉ= EÖÉãÉíÉå= Çççê= ëíÉìå= î~å= òáàå= îêçìïFK= lé=
Ä~ëáë= î~å= ÜÉí= ãÉÅÜ~åáëãÉ= î~å= âäÉáåÉ= ÄÉëäáëëáåÖÉå= Éå= ÇÉ= Öê~ÇìÉäÉ= ÖêçÉá= î~å= ÉÉå=
~ëóããÉíêáÉ= áå= êÉä~íáÉëéÉÅáÑáÉâÉ= áåîÉëíÉêáåÖÉå= îççêëéÉääÉå= ïÉ= Ç~í= ÇÉòÉ= ~ëóããÉíêáÉ=
òáàå=ÜççÖíÉéìåí=ÄÉêÉáâí=ï~ååÉÉê=ÇÉ=äÉÖÉ=åÉëíJÑ~ëÉ=~~åÄêÉÉâí=Éå=ïÉÉê=áÉíë=Ç~~äí=áå=ÇÉ=
éÉåëáçåÉêáåÖëÑ~ëÉK=
=
aÉ=ãÉÉëí=ÄÉä~åÖêáàâÉ= ÇÉíÉêãáå~åíÉå=î~å=ÜìïÉäáàâëÖÉäìâ=òáàå=ÇÉ=îÉêëÅÜáääÉåÇÉ=
ëíÉìåî~êá~ÄÉäÉåW= ÇÉ= Éêî~êÉå= ëíÉìå= íÉå= ~~åòáÉå= î~å= òçêÖÉå= Éå= ÖÉòçåÇÜÉáÇI= î~å= îêáàÉ=
íáàÇI= ëçÅá~äÉ= Åçåí~ÅíÉå= Éå= ÜÉí= ÇçÉå= î~å= ÖÉò~ãÉåäáàâÉ= ~ÅíáîáíÉáíÉåI= î~å= éê~âíáëÅÜÉ= Éå=
éÉêëççåäáàâÉ= ò~âÉåK= bê= òáàå= ÉÅÜíÉê= îÉêëÅÜáääÉå= íìëëÉå= îêçìïÉå= Éå= ã~ååÉå= áå= ÇÉ=
îÉêëÅÜáääÉåÇÉ=ëí~Çá~=î~å= ÇÉ= ÖÉòáåëäÉîÉåëäççéK= sççê=îêçìïÉå= áå= ÇÉ= äÉÖÉ= åÉëíJÑ~ëÉ=áë=
ÜÉí= ÄÉä~åÖêáàâ= îççê= Üìå= ÜìïÉäáàâëÖÉäìâ= Ç~í= Üìå= ÉÅÜíÖÉåçíÉå= ÜÉå= ëíÉìåÉå= ãÉí=
éÉêëççåäáàâÉ=ò~âÉå= Éå= ççâ=îççê~ä=ãÉí= ÖÉò~ãÉåäáàâÉ=~ÅíáîáíÉáíÉåX=îççê=îêçìïÉå=áå=ÇÉ=
Ñ~ëÉë= î~å= ÜÉí= çéîçÉÇÉå= î~å= ÇÉ= âáåÇÉêÉå= Éå= ÇÉ= éÉåëáçåÉêáåÖ= òáàå= åáÉí= ~ääÉÉå=
ÖÉò~ãÉåäáàâÉ= ~ÅíáîáíÉáíÉå= ÄÉä~åÖêáàâI= ã~~ê= ççâ= ëíÉìå= îççê= ÇÉ= ÉáÖÉå= îêáàÉ= íáàÇ= Éå= ÇÉ=
ÉáÖÉå=ëçÅá~äÉ=Åçåí~ÅíÉåK=eáäÄçìêåÉ=ENVVVF=ïáàëí=çé=ÜÉí=éçíÉåíáØäÉ=ÅçåÑäáÅí=íìëëÉå=ÜÉí=
ãÉÉê=ë~ãÉå=ÇçÉå=Éå=ÇÉ=ÄÉÇêÉáÖáåÖ=îççê=ÇÉ=éÉêëççåäáàâÉ=äÉîÉåëêìáãíÉ=î~å=îêçìïÉå=
áå=ÇÉ=Ñ~ëÉ=î~å=ÇÉ=éÉåëáçåÉêáåÖK=eÉí=ÜìïÉäáàâëÖÉäìâ=î~å=ã~ååÉå=áå=ÇÉ=äÉÖÉ=åÉëíJÑ~ëÉ=
áë= åáÉí= ~ÑÜ~åâÉäáàâ= î~å= ëíÉìå= î~å= ÇÉ= é~êíåÉê= çé= îêáàÉ= íáàÇI= ëçÅá~äÉ= Åçåí~ÅíÉå= Éå=
ÖÉò~ãÉåäáàâÉ= ~ÅíáîáíÉáíÉåK= ráí= ÇÉòÉ= ÄÉîáåÇáåÖÉå= âìååÉå= ïÉ= ~ÑäÉáÇÉå= Ç~í= Éê= ÖÉÉå=
ÅçåÑäáÅí= áë= îççê= ã~ååÉå= íìëëÉå= ÜÉí= ÖÉò~ãÉåäáàâ= ÇçÉå= î~å= ~ÅíáîáíÉáíÉå= Éå= ÇÉ=
Ü~åÇÜ~îáåÖ=î~å=Üìå=çå~ÑÜ~åâÉäáàâÜÉáÇK=
=
pçããáÖÉ=çåÇÉêòçÉâÉå=ä~íÉå=òáÉå=Ç~í=é~êÉå=ãÉÉê=ë~ãÉå=ÇçÉå=çé=ÜÉí=îä~â=î~å=
ÇÉ= îÉêÇÉäáåÖ= î~å= ÜìáëÜçìÇÉäáàâÉ= í~âÉå= áå= ÇÉ= Ñ~ëÉ= î~å= ÇÉ= éÉåëáçåÉêáåÖ= EaçêÑã~å= Éå=
eÉÅâÉêíI= NVUUFI= ~åÇÉêÉ= çåÇÉêòçÉâÉå= ê~ééçêíÉêÉå= Ç~í= ãÉÉê= ë~ãÉåÇçÉå= çé= Çáí= îä~â=
åáÉí= ÉêÖ= ÖÉï~~êÇÉÉêÇ= ïçêÇíI= òÉâÉê= åáÉí= Çççê= îêçìïÉå= EaçêÑã~å= Éå= eÉÅâÉêíI= NVUUI=
eáäÄçìêåÉI=NVVVFK=jçÖÉäáàâ=ëéÉÉäí=ëí~íìë= ÜáÉêÄáà= ÉÉå=êçäK=få=îêçÉÖÉêÉ=ëí~Çá~=òçêÖí=ÜÉí=
NPQ=
ãÉÅÜ~åáëãÉ=î~å=ÇÉ=âäÉáåÉ=ÄÉëäáëëáåÖÉå=îççê=ÉÉå=ëí~íìëëíêìÅíììê=áå=ÜÉí=ÜìáëÜçìÇÉå=
îçäÖÉåë= ÇÉ= îÉêçåÇÉêëíÉäÇÉ= ÅçãéÉíÉåíáÉ= EoáÇÖÉï~ó= Éå= t~äâÉêI= NVVRFK= pòáåçî~Åë= Éå=
e~êéëíÉê=ENVVPF=ëíÉääÉå=Ç~í=ÜÉí=îÉêäáÉë=î~å=ÇÉ=âçëíïáååÉêëêçä=Äáà=ÇÉ=éÉåëáçåÉêáåÖ=îççê=
ã~ååÉå= ççâ= îÉêäáÉë= î~å= ëí~íìë= ÄÉíÉâÉåíK= sêçìïÉå= òçìÇÉå= ÉÉå= îÉêäáÉë= î~å= ëí~íìë=
âìååÉå=Éêî~êÉå=Äáà=ÜÉí=ÄÉÖáå=î~å=ÇÉ=äÉÖÉ=åÉëíJÑ~ëÉK=sêçìïÉå=áå=ÇÉ=äÉÖÉ=åÉëíJ=Éå=ÇÉ=
éÉåëáçåÉêáåÖëÑ~ëÉ=îáåÇÉå=ãçÖÉäáàâ=åáÉìïÉ=ÄêçååÉå=î~å=ëí~íìë=áå=ÄÉí~~äÇÉ=~êÄÉáÇ=çÑ=
îêáàïáääáÖÉêëïÉêâK=tÉ= ÜÉÄÄÉå=áåÇÉêÇ~~Ç= ÖÉîçåÇÉå= Ç~í=îêçìïÉå=ÇáÉ=îêáàïáääáÖÉêëïÉêâ=
ÇçÉå= áå= ÇÉ= éÉåëáçåÉêáåÖëÑ~ëÉ= ÖÉäìââáÖÉê= òáàå= áå= Üìå= êÉä~íáÉK= bÅÜíÉêI= çåÇ~åâë= ÇÉòÉ=
ÖêçíÉêÉ= çå~ÑÜ~åâÉäáàâÜÉáÇI= îÉê~åÇÉêí= ÇÉ= îÉêÇÉäáåÖ= î~å= çåÄÉí~~äÇÉ= ~êÄÉáÇ= å~ìïÉäáàâëK=
aÉ= äçÖáÅ~= î~å= ÇÉ= âäÉáåÉ= ÄÉëäáëëáåÖÉå= Ö~~í= åçÖ= ëíÉÉÇë= çé= îççê= ÜÉí= êÉëíÉêÉåÇÉ=
ÜìáëÜçìÇÉäáàâÉ= ïÉêâI= ãÉí= ~äë= ÅçåëÉèìÉåíáÉ= Ç~í= ÇÉ= Éêî~êÉå= ëíÉìå= Éå= ÖÉÇÉÉäÇÉ=
~ÅíáîáíÉáíÉå=åçÖ=ëíÉÉÇë=ÄáàÇê~ÖÉå=~~å=ÜÉí=ÜìïÉäáàâëÖÉäìâK=
=
tÉ=òáàå=Çáí=çåÇÉêòçÉâ=ÖÉëí~êí=ãÉí=ÇÉ=éìòòÉä=Ç~í=ÇÉ=åçêã=çîÉê=ÜÉí=ÖÉäáàâ=îÉêÇÉäÉå=î~å=
çåÄÉí~~äÇÉ=~êÄÉáÇ=íìëëÉå=ã~å=Éå=îêçìï=áå=íçÉåÉãÉåÇÉ=ã~íÉ=ïçêÇí=çåÇÉêëÅÜêÉîÉå=
Çççê= îêçìïÉå= Éå= ã~ååÉåI= íÉêïáàä= ÇÉ= Ç~~ÇïÉêâÉäáàâÉ= îÉêÇÉäáåÖ= ïÉáåáÖ= äáàâí= çé= íÉ=
ëÅÜìáîÉå= áå= ÇÉ= êáÅÜíáåÖ= î~å= ÉÉå= ãÉÉê= ÖÉäáàâÉ= îÉêÇÉäáåÖ= EíÉåòáà= ÇÉ= îêçìï= ççâ= ãáåÇÉê=
ÇçÉí=áå=ÜÉí=ÜìáëÜçìÇÉåFK=aÉ=Ö~åÖÄ~êÉ=ÄÉå~ÇÉêáåÖÉå=âçãÉå=åáÉí=ãÉí=îÉêâä~êáåÖÉå=ÇáÉ=
ÜçìÇÄ~~ê=ÄäáàâÉå=áå=ÉÉå=ÉãéáêáëÅÜÉ=íçÉíëK=tÉääáÅÜí=áë=ÇÉ=ÄÉå~ÇÉêáåÖ=ÇáÉ=áë=ÖÉÄêìáâí=áå=
ÇÉ=ëíìÇáÉë=áå=Çáí=ÄçÉâ=ÉÉå=ÖçÉÇÉ=çéäçëëáåÖ=îççê=ÇÉ=éìòòÉäK=sÉêëÅÜÉáÇÉåÉ=~~åå~ãÉë=
çîÉê= ÜÉí= EçåÄÉïìëíÉF= éêçÅÉë= î~å= ~ÑÜ~åâÉäáàâÜÉáÇëçåíïáââÉäáåÖ= Éå= ÇÉ= E~ÑïÉòáÖÜÉáÇ=
î~åF= çåÇÉêÜ~åÇÉäáåÖÉå= òáàå= ÄÉîÉëíáÖÇ= áå= ÇÉ= îÉêëÅÜáääÉåÇÉ= ÜççÑÇëíìââÉåI= ÜçÉïÉä= ïÉ=
åáÉí=áå=ÇÉ=ÖÉäÉÖÉåÜÉáÇ=ï~êÉå=ÜÉí=ãÉÅÜ~åáëãÉ=çé=ÉÉå=ÇáêÉÅíÉ=ã~åáÉê=íÉ=íçÉíëÉåK=eÉí=
áë= Çìë= ãçÖÉäáàâ= Ç~í= ÇÉ= êÉëìäí~íÉå= çåòÉ= ÜóéçíÜÉëÉå= çåÇÉêëíÉìåÉåI= ã~~ê= Ç~í= ççâ=
~åÇÉêÉ=ãÉÅÜ~åáëãÉå=ÉÉå=êçä=âìååÉå=ëéÉäÉåK=qçÅÜ=ã~~âíÉ=Çáí=íÜÉçêÉíáëÅÜ=â~ÇÉê=ÜÉí=
ãçÖÉäáàâ=áåíÉêÉëë~åíÉ=Éå=íçÉíëÄ~êÉ=ÜóéçíÜÉëÉå=~Ñ=íÉ=äÉáÇÉåI=òç~äë=ÇÉ=ÜóéçíÜÉëÉ=çîÉê=
ÜÉí= ìáíÄÉëíÉÇÉå= î~å= ÜìáëÜçìÇÉäáàâÉ= í~âÉåI= ï~~êãÉÉ= ÜÉí= ãÉÅÜ~åáëãÉ= î~å=ÇÉ= âäÉáåÉ=
ÄÉëäáëëáåÖÉå=ïçêÇí=îÉêãÉÇÉåK=aÉ=ÅçåÅäìëáÉë=Ö~~å=ïÉä=áå=ÇÉ=êáÅÜíáåÖ=î~å=ÉÉå=ÖÉåÇÉêJ
êÉéêçÇìÅíáÉÑ= éêçÅÉë= E`çäíê~åÉI= OMMMFI= ï~~ê= Åìãìä~íáÉîÉ= ÄÉëäáëëáåÖÉå= çîÉê= ÇÉ=
íçÉÇÉäáåÖ=î~å=í~âÉå=äÉáÇÉå=íçí=ÉÉå=IÅìãìä~íáÉÖçÉÇÒ=EiáåÇÉåÄÉêÖI=NVUSF=Éå=Ç~~êÇççê=
íçí=îÉêëÅÜáääÉå=áå=~ÑÜ~åâÉäáàâÜÉáÇ=íìëëÉå=îêçìïÉå=Éå=ã~ååÉåK=
=
aÉ=îÉêÇÉäáåÖ=î~å=çåÄÉí~~äÇÉ=~êÄÉáÇ=â~å=åáÉí=äçë=ÖÉòáÉå=ïçêÇÉå=î~å=ÇÉ=îÉêÇÉäáåÖ=î~å=
ÄÉí~~äÇÉ= ~êÄÉáÇK= aÉ= ~êÄÉáÇëã~êâíÇÉÉäå~ãÉ= î~å= îêçìïÉå= ëíÉÉÖ= áå= kÉÇÉêä~åÇ= íçí=
OMMOK=få=OMMO=Ü~Ç=RQB=î~å=~ääÉ=îêçìïÉå=íìëëÉå=NR=Éå=SQ=à~~ê=ÉÉå=ÄÉí~~äÇÉ=Ä~~å=î~å=
NO=ììê=çÑ=ãÉÉê=Éå=ëáåÇëÇáÉå=ÄäÉÉÑ=Çáí=éÉêÅÉåí~ÖÉ=Åçåëí~åí=Ep`mI=OMMSFK=eÉí=ÇçÉä=î~å=
ÇÉ= kÉÇÉêä~åÇëÉ= çîÉêÜÉáÇ= áë= Çáí= éÉêÅÉåí~ÖÉ= íÉ= îÉêÜçÖÉå= íçí= SRB= áå= OMNMK= eÉí=
ÄÉä~åÖêáàâëíÉ= ëéÉÉêéìåí= áå= ÜÉí= Éã~åÅáé~íáÉÄÉäÉáÇ= ï~ë= íçí= îççê= âçêí= çã= ÜÉí= ~~åÇÉÉä=
NPR=
î~å= ÇÉ= ã~å= áå= ÜìáëÜçìÇÉäáàâÉ= ~êÄÉáÇ= íÉ= ä~íÉå= íçÉåÉãÉåK= eÉí= ~êÖìãÉåí= Ç~í= ÜáÉê=
ÖÉÄêìáâí= ïçêÇí= áë= Ç~í= ï~ååÉÉê= ã~ååÉå= ãÉÉê= íáàÇ= òçìÇÉå= ÄÉëíÉÇÉå= ~~å= ÜÉí=
ÜìáëÜçìÇÉåI=îêçìïÉå=ãÉÉê=Ö~~å=ïÉêâÉåK=
=
sÉê~åÇÉêáåÖÉå= áå= ÇÉ= îÉêÇÉäáåÖ= î~å= çåÄÉí~~äÇÉ= ~êÄÉáÇ= òáàå= ÉÅÜíÉê= åáÉí=
ÖÉã~ââÉäáàâ= íÉ= ÄÉêÉáâÉåK= eÉí= Åìãìä~íáÉîÉ= éêçÅÉë= î~å= ~ÑÜ~åâÉäáàâÜÉáÇëJçåíïáââÉäáåÖ=
Éå= ÜÉí= ~ÑïÉòáÖ= òáàå= î~å= çåÇÉêÜ~åÇÉäáåÖ= Äáà= ÇÉ= îÉêÇÉäáåÖ= î~å= ÜìáëÜçìÇÉäáàâÉ= í~âÉåI=
ã~âÉå=îÉê~åÇÉêáåÖÉå=ãçÉáò~~ãK=aÉ=ÅçãÄáå~íáÉ=î~å=ÉÉå=ÉÖ~äáí~áêÉ=ÖÉåÇÉêJáÇÉçäçÖáÉ=
Éå= ÉÉå= ÅçåîÉåíáçåÉÉä= êçääÉåé~íêççå= â~å= îççê= ~~åòáÉåäáàâÉ= ëé~ååáåÖÉå= òçêÖÉå= áå= ÇÉ=
êÉä~íáÉ= EqáÅÜÉåçêI= OMMRFK= sçäÖÉåë= qáÅÜÉåçê= îê~~Öí= ÜÉí= ~ÅíáÉÑ= îÉê~åÇÉêÉå= î~å= ÇÉ=
~Ñëéê~âÉå= çîÉê= ÇÉ= í~~âîÉêÇÉäáåÖ= áå= ÇÉ= êÉä~íáÉ= î~å= é~êíåÉêë= Ç~í= òáà= ÇÉ= í~âÉå= Ö~~å=
ÄáàÜçìÇÉåI= ÜçÉïÉä= Çáí= áÇÉÉ= åáÉí= äáàâí= íÉ= é~ëëÉå= Äáà= ÉÉå= êçã~åíáëÅÜÉ= êÉä~íáÉK= eÉí=
ÜÉÄÄÉå= î~å= ÚéçëáíáÉîÉ= áääìëáÉëÛ= çîÉê= Éäâ~~ê= áë= ïÉääáÅÜí= ÄÉíÉê= îççê= ÇÉ= êÉä~íáÉK= ^äë= ÜÉí=
ÇçÉä= áë= çã= ÇÉ= îÉêÇÉäáåÖ= î~å= çåÄÉí~~äÇÉ= ~êÄÉáÇ= íÉ= îÉê~åÇÉêÉåI= òáàå= çéíÉäëçããÉå=
ÉÅÜíÉê= çåîÉêãáàÇÉäáàâK= få= ÜÉí= ÜççÑÇëíìâ= çîÉê= ÇÉ= ÖÉäáàâÉ= í~~âîÉêÇÉäáåÖ= EÜççÑÇëíìâ= QFI=
ÜÉÄÄÉå= ïÉ= ÖÉòáÉå= Ç~í= ÉÉå= ïÉäÄÉïìëíÉ= ~~åé~â= ÜÉí= îÉêëÅÜáä= äáàâí= íÉ= ã~âÉå= áå= ÜÉí=
êÉÇìÅÉêÉå=î~å= ÜÉí= ÇçãÉáå=î~å= ÇÉ= âäÉáåÉ= ÄÉëäáëëáåÖÉåK= lçâ= ÇÉ= ~ííáíìÇÉ= î~å=ÇÉ= ã~å=
íÉå= ~~åòáÉå= î~å= ÇÉ= í~~âîÉêÇÉäáåÖ= íìëëÉå= ã~ååÉå= Éå= îêçìïÉå= ëéÉÉäí= ÉÉå= êçäW= ÉÉå=
íê~ÇáíáçåÉäÉ= ÜçìÇáåÖ= Çê~~Öí= òÉâÉê= åáÉí= Äáà= íçí= ÉÉå= ãÉÉê= ÖÉäáàâÉ= îÉêÇÉäáåÖK= _çîÉåÇáÉå=
âÉååÉå= îêçìïÉå= Éå= ã~ååÉå= ï~~êëÅÜáàåäáàâ= í~~âëéÉÅáÑáÉâÉ= åçêãÉå= çÑïÉä= ÅìäíìêÉäÉ=
ÄÉíÉâÉåáëëÉå= íçÉ= ~~å= ÜìáëÜçìÇÉäáàâÉ= í~âÉåK= _ÉäÉáÇ= òçì= òáÅÜ= ãçÉíÉå= êáÅÜíÉå= çé= ÜÉí=
ÇççêÄêÉâÉå=î~å=ÇÉòÉ=í~~âëéÉÅáÑáÉâÉ=åçêãÉå=Äáà=ãÉáëàÉë=¨å=àçåÖÉåëK=
=
ráí= ÜÉí= çåÇÉêòçÉâ= âçãí= å~~ê= îçêÉå= Ç~í= Éê= îÉêëÅÜáääÉåÇÉ= ~ÑÜ~åâÉäáàâÜÉáÇëJ
é~íêçåÉå=ÄÉëí~~å=íìëëÉå=é~êÉåW=ëçããáÖÉ=îÉêÇÉäÉå=ÇÉ=çåÄÉí~~äÇÉ=~êÄÉáÇ=ãÉÉê=ÖÉäáàâ=
Éå=~åÇÉêÉ=ãÉÉê=íê~ÇáíáçåÉÉäK=eÉí=ìáíÄÉëíÉÇÉå=î~å=í~âÉå=ëéÉÉäí=ÉÉå=ÄÉä~åÖêáàâÉ=êçä=áå=
ÇÉ= ~ÑÜ~åâÉäáàâÜÉáÇëé~íêçåÉåW= é~êÉå= ÇáÉ= ÜìáëÜçìÇÉäáàâ= ïÉêâ= Éå= ÇÉ= îÉêòçêÖáåÖ= î~å=
âáåÇÉêÉå= ìáíÄÉëíÉÇÉå= ÜÉÄÄÉå= ÉÉå= ãÉÉê= ÖÉäáàâÉ= îÉêÇÉäáåÖ= î~å= ÜìáëÜçìÇÉäáàâÉ= í~âÉåK=
bÉå= ~~åîìääÉåÇÉ= ã~~íëÅÜ~ééÉäáàâÉ= áãéäáÅ~íáÉ= î~å= Çáí=çåÇÉêòçÉâ=áë= Çìë= Ç~í= Éê= ÖçÉÇÉ=
âáåÇÉêçéî~åÖÑ~ÅáäáíÉáíÉå= åçÇáÖ= òáàå= Éå= ÉÉå= ÖçÉÇÉ= êÉÖìäÉêáåÖ= î~å= ÜìáëÜçìÇÉäáàâÉ=
ÇáÉåëíÉåI= ï~ååÉÉê= ÇÉ= çîÉêÜÉáÇ= ëíêÉÉÑí= å~~ê= ÉÉå= ÖÉäáàâÉêÉ= îÉêÇÉäáåÖ= î~å= çåÄÉí~~äÇÉ=
~êÄÉáÇ=íìëëÉå=îêçìïÉå=Éå=ã~ååÉåK=
=
=
NPS=
=
=
oÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë=
=
=
oÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë=
=
=
^êÄÉêI= pKI= dáååI= gK= ENVVRFK= `çååÉÅíáåÖ= ÖÉåÇÉê= ~åÇ= ~ÖáåÖK= ^= ëçÅáçäçÖáÅ~ä= ~ééêç~ÅÜK=
_ìÅâáåÖÜ~ãI=léÉå=råáîÉêëáíó=mêÉëëK=
^îçêíI= ^KgKmKjK= î~å= ÇÉê= ENVUTFK= aÉ= ÖìäòáÖÉ= îêáàÄäáàîÉåÇÜÉáÇ= î~å= ÉñéäáÅáÉíÉ= êÉä~íáÉëK=
qáäÄìêÖI=qáäÄìêÖ=råáîÉêëáíó=mêÉëëK=
_~äÇïáåI= jKtK= ENVVRFK= oÉä~íáçå~ä= ëÅÜÉã~ë= ~åÇ= ÅçÖåáíáçåë= áå= ÅäçëÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéëK=
gçìêå~ä=çÑ=pçÅá~ä=~åÇ=mÉêëçå~ä=oÉä~íáçåëÜáéëI=NOI=RQTJRROK=
_ÉÅâI= rKI= _ÉÅâJdÉêåëÜÉáãI= bK= ENVVRFK= qÜÉ= åçêã~ä= ÅÜ~çë= çÑ= äçîÉK= `~ãÄêáÇÖÉI= mçäáíó=
mêÉëëK=
_ÉÅâÉêI= dKpK= ENVUNFK= ^= íêÉ~íáëÉ= çå= íÜÉ= Ñ~ãáäóK= `~ãÄêáÇÖÉI= j~ëë~ÅÜìëÉííëI= e~êî~êÇ=
råáîÉêëáíó=mêÉëëK==
_ÉêÖÉêI= gK= ENVTQFK= bñéÉÅí~íáçå= ëí~íÉë= íÜÉçêóW= ~= íÜÉçêÉíáÅ~ä= êÉëÉ~êÅÜ= éêçÖê~ãK= fåW=
_ÉêÖÉêI= gKI= `çååçêI= qKiKI= ~åÇ= cáëÉâI= jKeK= EÉÇëKFK= bñéÉÅí~íáçå= ëí~íÉë= íÜÉçêóK= ^=
íÜÉçêÉíáÅ~ä=êÉëÉ~êÅÜ=éêçÖê~ã=`~ãÄêáÇÖÉI=j~ëë~ÅÜìëÉííëI=táåíÜêçé=mìÄäáëÜÉêëI=
fåÅKI=ééK=PJOOK=
_ÉêÖÉêI= gKI= `çååçêI= qKiK= ENVTQFK= mÉêÑçêã~åÅÉ= ÉñéÉÅí~íáçåë= ~åÇ= ÄÉÜ~îáçê= áå= ëã~ää=
ÖêçìéëW= ~= êÉîáëÉÇ= Ñçêãìä~íáçåK= fåW= _ÉêÖÉêI= gKI= `çååçêI= qKiKI= ~åÇ= cáëÉâI= jKeK=
EÉÇëKFK= bñéÉÅí~íáçå= ëí~íÉë= íÜÉçêóK= ^= íÜÉçêÉíáÅ~ä= êÉëÉ~êÅÜ= éêçÖê~ã= `~ãÄêáÇÖÉI=
j~ëë~ÅÜìëÉííëI=táåíÜêçé=mìÄäáëÜÉêëI=fåÅKI=ééK=URJNNMK=
_ÉêâçîÉI=dKcK=ENVTVFK=mÉêÅÉéíáçåë=çÑ=ÜìëÄ~åÇ=ëìééçêí=Äó=êÉíìêåáåÖ=ïçãÉå=ëíìÇÉåíëK=
qÜÉ=c~ãáäó=`ççêÇáå~íçêI=OUW=QRNJQRTK=
_Éêå~ëÅçI= tKI= dáÉëÉå= aK= ENVVVFK= eìïÉäáàâëÅçåíê~Åí= Éå= ~êÄÉáÇëã~êâíÇÉÉäå~ãÉK= fåW=
h~äãáàåI= jKI= _Éêå~ëÅçI= tKI= ~åÇ= tÉÉëáÉI= gK= EÉÇëKFK= eìïÉäáàâëJ= Éå=
ë~ãÉåïççåêÉä~íáÉë= áå= kÉÇÉêä~åÇK= aÉ= çêÖ~åáë~íáÉ= î~å= ~ÑÜ~åâÉäáàâÜÉáÇK= ^ëëÉåI=
s~å=dçêÅìãI=ééK=RRJUMK=
_á~åÅÜáI=pKjKI= jáäâáÉI= jK^KI= p~óÉêI= iK`KI= oçÄáåëçåI= gKmK= EOMMMFK= fë= ~åóçåÉ= ÇçáåÖ= íÜÉ=
ÜçìëÉïçêâ\=qêÉåÇë=áå=íÜÉ=ÖÉåÇÉê=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=ä~ÄçêK=pçÅá~ä=cçêÅÉëI=TVW=
NVNJOOUK=
_áííã~åI= jKI= båÖä~åÇI= mKI= p~óÉêI= iKI= cçäÄêÉI= kKI= j~íÜÉëçåI= dK= EOMMPFK= tÜÉå= ÇçÉë=
ÖÉåÇÉê= íêìãé= ãçåÉó\= _~êÖ~áåáåÖ= ~åÇ= íáãÉ= áå= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= ïçêâK= qÜÉ= ^ãÉêáÅ~å=
gçìêå~ä=çÑ=pçÅáçäçÖóI=NMVW=NUSJONQ=
_ä~áêI=pKiKI=iáÅÜíÉêI=aKgK=ENVVNFK=jÉ~ëìêáåÖ=íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=ä~ÄçêK= gçìêå~ä=çÑ=
c~ãáäó=fëëìÉëI=NOI=VNJNNPK=
_äçâI= bK= ENVURFK= ráí= ÇÉ= ëÅÜ~Çìï= î~å= ÇÉ= ã~ååÉåK= sêçìïÉåîÉêòÉí= NVPMJNVQMK=
^ãëíÉêÇ~ãI=cÉãáåáëíáëÅÜÉ=ráíÖÉîÉêáà=p~ê~K=
NPV=
_äççÇI= oKlK= gêKI= tçäÑÉI= aKjK= ENVSMFK= eìëÄ~åÇë= C= táîÉëK= qÜÉ= Çóå~ãáÅë= çÑ= ã~êêáÉÇ=
äáîáåÖK=fääáåçáëI=qÜÉ=cêÉÉ=mêÉëë=çÑ=däÉåÅçÉK=
_äçëëÑÉäÇI= eKJmKI= aêçÄåáÅI= pK= EOMMNFK= `~êÉÉêë= çÑ= ÅçìéäÉë= áå= ÅçåíÉãéçê~êó= ëçÅáÉíóK=
cêçã= ã~äÉ= ÄêÉ~ÇïáååÉê= íç= Çì~ä= É~êåÉê= Ñ~ãáäáÉëK= lñÑçêÇW= lñÑçêÇ= råáîÉêëáíó=
mêÉëëK=
_äìãëíÉáåI= mKI=pÅÜï~êíòI= mK= ENVUPFK= ^ãÉêáÅ~å= ÅçìéäÉëW=ãçåÉóI= ïçêâI= ~åÇ= ëÉñK= kÉï=
vçêâI=jçêêçïK=
_êáåÉëI=gK=ENVVPFK=qÜÉ=ÉñÅÜ~åÖÉ=î~äìÉ=çÑ=ÜçìëÉïçêâK= o~íáçå~äáíó=~åÇ=pçÅáÉíóI=RI=PMOJ
PQMK=
_êáåÉëI=gK=ENVVQFK=bÅçåçãáÅ=ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅóI=ÖÉåÇÉêI=~åÇ=íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ä~Äçê=~í=ÜçãÉK=
qÜÉ=^ãÉêáÅ~å=gçìêå~ä=çÑ=pçÅáçäçÖóI=NMMW=SROJSUUK==
_êáåÉëI=gKI=gçóåÉê=hK=ENVVVFK=qÜÉ=íáÉë=íÜ~í=ÄáåÇK=mêáåÅáéäÉë=çÑ=ÅçÜÉëáçå=áå=ÅçÜ~Äáí~íáçå=
~åÇ=ã~êêá~ÖÉK=^ãÉêáÅ~å=pçÅáçäçÖáÅ~ä=oÉîáÉïI=SQI=PPPJPRRK=
_ìä~åÇ~I= oKbK= EOMMQFK= m~íÉêå~ä= fåîçäîÉãÉåí= ïáíÜ= `ÜáäÇêÉåW= qÜÉ= fåÑäìÉåÅÉ= çÑ= dÉåÇÉê=
fÇÉçäçÖáÉëK=gçìêå~ä=çÑ=j~êêá~ÖÉ=~åÇ=íÜÉ=c~ãáäóI=SSI=QMJQRK=
_ìêäÉóI=hK^K=ENVVRFK=c~ãáäó=î~êá~ÄäÉë=~ë=ãÉÇá~íçêë=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=ÄÉíïÉÉå=ïçêâJ
Ñ~ãáäó= ÅçåÑäáÅí= ~åÇ= ã~êáí~ä= ~ÇàìëíãÉåí= ~ãçåÖ= Çì~äJÅ~êÉÉê= ãÉå= ~åÇ= ïçãÉåK=
gçìêå~ä=çÑ=pçÅá~ä=mëóÅÜçäçÖóI=NPR=EQFW=QUPJQVTK=
`~ä~ë~åíáI=qK=EOMMPFK=j~ëÅìäáåáíáÉë=~åÇ=Å~êÉ=ïçêâ=áå=çäÇ=~ÖÉK=fåW=^êÄÉêI=pKI=a~îáÇëçåI=
hKI= ~åÇ= dáååI= gK= EÉÇëKFK= dÉåÇÉê= ~åÇ= ~ÖáåÖW= ÅÜ~åÖáåÖ= êçäÉë= ~åÇ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéëK=
j~áÇÉåÜÉ~ÇI=rhI=léÉå=råáîÉêëáíó=mêÉëëI=ééK=NSJPMK=
`äçÖÖI= `K`K= ENVVRFK= i~íÉåí= Åä~ëë= ãçÇÉäëK= fåW= ^êãáåÖÉêI= dKI= `äçÖÖI= `K`KI= ~åÇ= pçÄÉäI=
jKbK= EÉÇëKFK= e~åÇÄççâ= çÑ= ëí~íáëíáÅ~ä= ãçÇÉäáåÖ= Ñçê= íÜÉ= ëçÅá~ä= ~åÇ= ÄÉÜ~îáçê~ä=
ëÅáÉåÅÉëK=kÉï=vçêâK=mäÉåìã=mêÉëëI=ééK=PNNJPRVK=
`çäíê~åÉI=pK=EOMMMFK=oÉëÉ~êÅÜ=çå=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=ä~ÄçêW=ãçÇÉäáåÖ=~åÇ=ãÉ~ëìêáåÖ=íÜÉ=ëçÅá~ä=
ÉãÄÉÇÇÉÇåÉëë=çÑ=êçìíáåÉ=Ñ~ãáäó=ïçêâK= gçìêå~ä=çÑ=j~êêá~ÖÉ=~åÇ=íÜÉ=c~ãáäóI=SOI=
NOMUJNOPPK=
`çäíê~åÉI= pKI= fëÜááJhìåíòI= jK= ENVVOFK= jÉåÛë= ÜçìëÉïçêâW= ~= äáÑÉ= ÅçìêëÉ= éÉêëéÉÅíáîÉK=
gçìêå~ä=çÑ=j~êêá~ÖÉ=~åÇ=íÜÉ=c~ãáäóI=RQI=QPJRTK=
`çîÉêã~åI= pK= ENVURFK= bñéä~áåáåÖ= ÜìëÄ~åÇëÛ= é~êíáÅáé~íáçå= áå= ÇçãÉëíáÅ= ä~ÄçêK= qÜÉ=
pçÅáçäçÖáÅ~ä=nì~êíÉêäóI=OSI=UNJVTK=
aÉãçI=aKeKI=^ÅçÅâI=^K`K=ENVVPFK=c~ãáäó=ÇáîÉêëáíó=~åÇ=íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÇçãÉëíáÅ=ä~ÄçêW=
Üçï=ãìÅÜ=Ü~îÉ=íÜáåÖë=êÉ~ääó=ÅÜ~åÖÉÇ\=c~ãáäó=oÉä~íáçåëI=QOI=POPJPPN=
aÉìíëÅÜI= cKI= içòóI= gKiKI= ~åÇ= p~ñçåI= pK= ENVVPFK= q~âáåÖ= ÅêÉÇáíK= `çìéäÉëÛ= êÉéçêíë= çÑ=
ÅçåíêáÄìíáçåë=íç=ÅÜáäÇ=Å~êÉK=gçìêå~ä=çÑ=c~ãáäó=fëëìÉëI=NQI=QONJQPTK=
aÉs~ìäíI=jK=ENVVNFK= cÉÉÇáåÖ=íÜÉ=Ñ~ãáäóW=íÜÉ=ëçÅá~ä=çêÖ~åáò~íáçå=çÑ=Å~êáåÖ=~ë=ÖÉåÇÉêÉÇ=
ïçêâK=`ÜáÅ~ÖçW=råáîÉêëáíó=çÑ=`ÜáÅ~Öç=mêÉëëK=
NQM=
açêÑã~åI= iKqKI= eÉÅâÉêíI= aK^K= ENVUUFK= bÖ~äáí~êá~åáëã= áå= êÉíáêÉÇ= êìê~ä= ÅçìéäÉëW=
ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= í~ëâëI= ÇÉÅáëáçå= ã~âáåÖI= ~åÇ= äÉáëìêÉ= ~ÅíáîáíáÉëK= c~ãáäó= oÉä~íáçåëI= PTI=
TPJTUK=
aìêâÜÉáãI= bK= ENVSQ= xNUVPzFK= qÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ä~Äçê= áå= ëçÅáÉíóK= kÉï= vçêâI= qÜÉ= cêÉÉ=
mêÉëëK=
aóâëíê~I=mK^K=EOMMQFK=eÉí=òáí=áå=ÇÉ=Ñ~ãáäáÉK=lê~íáÉ=íÉê=ÖÉäÉÖÉåÜÉáÇ=î~å=ÇÉ=~~åî~~êÇáåÖ=
î~å= ÇÉ= äÉÉêëíçÉä= sÉêï~åíëÅÜ~éëÇÉãçÖê~ÑáÉ= ~~å= ÇÉ= råáîÉêëáíÉáí= ríêÉÅÜíI= OV=
çâíçÄÉê=OMMPK=_ÉîçäâáåÖ=Éå=dÉòáåI=PPI=NK=
aóâëíê~I=mK^KI=h~äãáàåI=jKI=håáàåI=dK`KjKI=hçãíÉê=^KbKI=iáÉÑÄêçÉêI=^K`KI=jìäÇÉêI=`KeK=
EOMMR~FK=`çÇÉÄççâ=çÑ=íÜÉ=kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë=háåëÜáé=m~åÉä=píìÇóI=~=ãìäíáJ~ÅíçêI=ãìäíáJ
ãÉíÜçÇ=é~åÉä=ëíìÇó=çå=ëçäáÇ~êáíó=áå=Ñ~ãáäó=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéëI=t~îÉ=NK=khmp=tçêâáåÖ=
m~éÉê=kçK=QK=qÜÉ=e~ÖìÉI=kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë=fåíÉêÇáëÅáéäáå~êó=aÉãçÖê~éÜáÅ=fåëíáíìíÉK=
aóâëíê~I=mK^KI=h~äãáàåI=jKI=håáàåI=dK`KjKI=hçãíÉê=^KbKI=iáÉÑÄêçÉêI=^K`KI=jìäÇÉêI=`KeK=
EOMMRÄFK= nìÉëíáçåå~áêÉë= çÑ= íÜÉ= kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë= háåëÜáé= m~åÉä= píìÇóI= ~= ãìäíáJ~ÅíçêI=
ãìäíáJãÉíÜçÇ= é~åÉä= ëíìÇó= çå= ëçäáÇ~êáíó= áå= Ñ~ãáäó= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéëI= t~îÉ= NK= khmp=
tçêâáåÖ= m~éÉê= kçK= RK= qÜÉ= e~ÖìÉI= kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë= fåíÉêÇáëÅáéäáå~êó= aÉãçÖê~éÜáÅ=
fåëíáíìíÉK=
aóâëíê~I= mK^KI= hçãíÉêI= ^KbK= EOMMSFK= qÜÉ= kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë= háåëÜáé= m~åÉä= píìÇóW= ~å=
áåíêçÇìÅíáçåK= fåW= aóâëíê~I= mK^KI= h~äãáàåI= jKI= håáàåI= dK`KjKI= hçãíÉê= ^KbKI=
iáÉÑÄêçÉêI= ^K`KI= jìäÇÉêI= `KeK= EOMMSFK= c~ãáäó= ëçäáÇ~êáíó= áå= íÜÉ= kÉíÜÉêä~åÇëK=
^ãëíÉêÇ~ãI=aìíÅÜ=råáîÉêëáíó=mêÉëëI=ééK=NNJOMK=
båÖä~åÇI= mKI= c~êâ~ëI= dK= ENVUSFK= eçìëÉÜçäÇëI= ÉãéäçóãÉåíI= ~åÇ= ÖÉåÇÉêK= ^= ëçÅá~äI=
ÉÅçåçãáÅ=~åÇ=ÇÉãçÖê~éÜáÅ=îáÉïK=kÉï=vçêâI=^äÇáåÉ=mìÄäáëÜáåÖ=`çãé~åóK==
båÖä~åÇI= mKI= háäÄçìêåÉI= _KpK= ENVVMFK= j~êâÉíëI= ã~êêá~ÖÉë= ~åÇ= çíÜÉê= ã~íÉëW= íÜÉ=
éêçÄäÉã= çÑ= éçïÉêK= fåW= cêáÉÇä~åÇI= oK= ~åÇ= oçÄÉêíëçåI= ^KcK= EÉÇëKFK= _ÉóçåÇ= íÜÉ=
ã~êâÉíéä~ÅÉX=êÉíÜáåâáåÖ=ÉÅçåçãó=~åÇ=ëçÅáÉíóK=kÉï=vçêâI=^äÇáåÉ=ÇÉ=dêìóíÉêI=ééK=
NSPJNUUK=
bêáÅâëçåI=oKgK=ENVVPFK=oÉÅçåÅÉéíì~äáòáåÖ=Ñ~ãáäó=ïçêâW=íÜÉ=ÉÑÑÉÅí=çÑ=Éãçíáçå=ïçêâ=çå=
éÉêÅÉéíáçåë=çÑ=ã~êáí~ä=èì~äáíóK=gçìêå~ä=çÑ=j~êêá~ÖÉ=~åÇ=íÜÉ=c~ãáäóI=RRI=UUUJVMMK=
bîÉêíëëçåI= jKI= kÉêãçI= jK= EOMMQFK= aÉéÉåÇÉåÅÉ= ïáíÜáå= Ñ~ãáäáÉë= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ=
ä~ÄçêW= Åçãé~êáåÖ= pïÉÇÉå= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= råáíÉÇ= pí~íÉëK= gçìêå~ä= çÑ= j~êêá~ÖÉ= ~åÇ= íÜÉ=
c~ãáäóI=SSI=NOTOJNOUSK=
cÉÉåÉóI= mÉíÉêëçå= ~åÇ= kçääÉê= EOMMQFK= bèìáíó= ~åÇ= ã~êáí~ä= ë~íáëÑ~Åíáçå= çîÉê= íÜÉ= Ñ~ãáäó=
äáÑÉ=ÅóÅäÉK=mÉêëçå~ä=oÉä~íáçåëÜáéëI=NI=UPJVVK=
cÉêêÉÉI= jKjK= ENVVNFK= _ÉóçåÇ= ëÉé~ê~íÉ= ëéÜÉêÉëW= ÑÉãáåáëã= ~åÇ= Ñ~ãáäó= êÉëÉ~êÅÜK=
gçìêå~ä=çÑ=j~êêá~ÖÉ=~åÇ=íÜÉ=c~ãáäóI=ROI=USSJUUQK=
NQN=
d~ÄäÉ= pKiKI= oÉáë= eKqKI= ~åÇ= açïåÉóI= dK= EOMMPFK= eÉ= ë~áÇI= ëÜÉ= ë~áÇW= ^= èì~ëáJëáÖå~ä=
ÇÉíÉÅíáçå= ~å~äóëáë= çÑ= Ç~áäó= áåíÉê~Åíáçåë= ÄÉíïÉÉå= ÅäçëÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= é~êíåÉêëK=
mëóÅÜçäçÖáÅ~ä=pÅáÉåÅÉI=NQI=NMMJNMRK=
dáÇÇÉåëI= ^K= ENVVOFK= qÜÉ= íê~åëÑçêã~íáçå= çÑ= áåíáã~ÅóK= pÉñì~äáíóI= äçîÉ= ~åÇ= ÉêçíáÅáëã= áå=
ãçÇÉêå=ëçÅáÉíáÉëK=`~ãÄêáÇÖÉI=mçäáíó=mêÉëëK=
dáäÑçêÇI=oKI=_ÉåÖíëçåI=sK=ENVTVFK=jÉ~ëìêáåÖ=ã~êáí~ä=ë~íáëÑ~Åíáçå=áå=íÜêÉÉ=ÖÉåÉê~íáçåëW=
éçëáíáîÉ=~åÇ=åÉÖ~íáîÉ=ÇáãÉåëáçåëK=gçìêå~ä=çÑ=j~êêá~ÖÉ=~åÇ=íÜÉ=c~ãáäóI=QNI=PUTJ
PVUK=
däáÅâI=mK`K=ENVTTFK=réÇ~íáåÖ=íÜÉ=äáÑÉ=ÅóÅäÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=Ñ~ãáäóK= gçìêå~ä=çÑ=j~êêá~ÖÉ=~åÇ=íÜÉ=
c~ãáäóI=PVI=RJNPK=
dêÉÉåëíÉáåI=qKkK=EOMMMFK=bÅçåçãáÅ=ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅÉI=ÖÉåÇÉêI=~åÇ=íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ä~Äçê=áå=
íÜÉ=ÜçãÉW=^=êÉéäáÅ~íáçå=~åÇ=ÉñíÉåëáçåK= gçìêå~ä=çÑ=j~êêá~ÖÉ=~åÇ=íÜÉ=c~ãáäóI=SOI=
POOJPPRK=
dìéí~I= pK= EOMMTFK= ^ìíçåçãóI= aÉéÉåÇÉåÅÉI= çê= aáëéä~ó\= qÜÉ= oÉä~íáçåëÜáé= ÄÉíïÉÉå=
j~êêáÉÇ= tçãÉåÛë= b~êåáåÖë= ~åÇ= eçìëÉïçêâK= gçìêå~ä= çÑ= j~êêá~ÖÉ= ~åÇ= íÜÉ=
c~ãáäóI=SVI=PVVJQNTK=
e~ÖÉå~~êëI= gK^K= ENVVMFK= `~íÉÖçêáÅ~ä= äçåÖáíìÇáå~ä= Ç~í~K= kÉïÄìêó= m~êâI= p~ÖÉ=
mìÄäáÅ~íáçåëK=
e~âáãI= `K= EOMMNFK= tçêâJäáÑÉëíóäÉ= ÅÜçáÅÉë= áå= íÜÉ= ONëí= ÅÉåíìêóK= mêÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ= íÜÉçêóK=
lñÑçêÇI=lñÑçêÇ=råáîÉêëáíó=mêÉëëK=
eáäÄçìêåÉI= jK= ENVVVFK= iáîáåÖ= íçÖÉíÜÉê= Ñìää= íáãÉ\= jáÇÇäÉ= Åä~ëë= ÅçìéäÉë= ~ééêç~ÅÜáåÖ=
êÉíáêÉãÉåíK=^ÖÉáåÖ=~åÇ=pçÅáÉíóI=NVI=NSNJNUPK=
eáêëÅÜã~åI= ^KlK= ENVTMFK= bñáíI= îçáÅÉ= ~åÇ= äçó~äíóW= êÉëéçåëÉë= íç= ÇÉÅäáåÉ= áå= ÑáêãëI=
çêÖ~åáò~íáçåëI=~åÇ=ëí~íÉëK=`~ãÄêáÇÖÉI=j~ëëKI=e~êî~êÇ=råáîÉêëáíó=mêÉëëK=
eçÄëçåI= _K= ENVVMFK= kç= ÉñáíI= åç= îçáÅÉW= ïçãÉåÛë= ÉÅçåçãáÅ= ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅó= ~åÇ= íÜÉ=
ïÉäÑ~êÉ=ëí~íÉK=^Åí~=pçÅáçäçÖáÅ~I=PPI=OPRJORMK=
eçÅÜëÅÜáäÇI=^KoK=ENVUVFK=qÜÉ=ëÉÅçåÇ=ëÜáÑíK=kÉï=vçêâW=^îçå=_ççâë=fåÅK=
eççÖÜáÉãëíê~I= bKI= hÉìòÉåâ~ãéI= pK= EOMMMFK= sÉêÇáÉåÉêëíóéÉå= Éå= ÇÉ= âìåëí= î~å= ÜÉí=
ÅçãÄáåÉêÉåK= fåW= hÉìòÉåâ~ãéI= pKI= eççÖÜáÉãëíê~I= bK= EÉÇëKFK= aÉ= âìåëí= î~å= ÜÉí=
ÅçãÄáåÉêÉåK=q~~âîÉêÇÉäáåÖ=çåÇÉê=é~êíåÉêëK=aÉå=e~~ÖI=p`mI=ééK=NORJNQPK=
fëÜááJhìåíòI=jKI=`çäíê~åÉI=pK=ENVVOFK=oÉã~êêá~ÖÉI=ëíÉéé~êÉåíáåÖI=~åÇ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=ä~ÄçêK=
gçìêå~ä=çÑ=c~ãáäó=fëëìÉëI=NPI=ONRJOPQK=
g~åëÉåI= jK= EOMMOFK= t~~êÇÉåçêáØåí~íáÉë= Éå= é~êíåÉêêÉä~íáÉëK= bÉå= é~åÉäëíìÇáÉ= å~~ê=
ïÉÇÉêòáàÇëÉ=áåîäçÉÇÉåK=ríêÉÅÜíI=f`pJÇáëëÉêí~íáçåK=
gçÜåëçåI= bKjKI= eìëíçåI= qKiK= ENVVUFK= qÜÉ= éÉêáäë= çÑ= äçîÉI= çê= ïÜó= ïáîÉë= ~Ç~éí= íç=
ÜìëÄ~åÇë= ÇìêáåÖ= íÜÉ= íê~åëáíáçå= íç= é~êÉåíÜççÇK= gçìêå~ä= çÑ= j~êêá~ÖÉ= ~åÇ= íÜÉ=
c~ãáäóI=SMI=NVRJOMQK=
h~ÜåI=^KbK=ENVSSFK=qÜÉ=íóê~ååó=çÑ=ëã~ää=ÇÉÅáëáçåëK=hóâäçëI=NVI=OPJQSK=
NQO=
h~ãçI= vK= ENVUUFK= aÉíÉêãáå~åíë= çÑ= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ä~ÄçêK= oÉëçìêÅÉëI= éçïÉêI=
~åÇ=áÇÉçäçÖóK=gçìêå~ä=çÑ=c~ãáäó=fëëìÉëI=VI=NTTJOMMK=
h~ãçI= vK= EOMMMFK= IeÉ= ë~áÇI= ëÜÉ= ë~áÇÒW= ~ëëÉëëáåÖ= ÇáëÅêÉé~åÅáÉë= áå= ÜìëÄ~åÇëÛ= ~åÇ=
ïáîÉëÛ=êÉéçêíë=çå=íÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=ä~ÄçêK= pçÅá~ä=pÅáÉåÅÉ=oÉëÉ~êÅÜI=OVI=
QRVJQTSK=
h~ìÑã~åI=dKI=q~åáÖìÅÜáI=eK=EOMMSFK=dÉåÇÉê=~åÇ=ã~êáí~ä=Ü~ééáåÉëë=áå=ä~íÉê=äáÑÉK= gçìêå~ä=
çÑ=c~ãáäó=fëëìÉëI=OTESFI=TPRJTRSK=
hÉìòÉåâ~ãéI= pKI= eççÖÜáÉãëíê~I= bK= EOMMMFK= aÉ= âìåëí= î~å= ÜÉí= ÅçãÄáåÉêÉåK=
q~~âîÉêÇÉäáåÖ=çåÇÉê=é~êíåÉêëK=aÉå=e~~ÖI=p`mK=
háãI= gKbKI= jçÉåI= mK= EOMMOFK= oÉíáêÉãÉåí= íê~åëáíáçåëI= ÖÉåÇÉêI= ~åÇ= éëóÅÜçäçÖáÅ~ä= ïÉääJ
ÄÉáåÖW=~=äáÑÉ=ÅçìêëÉI=ÉÅçäçÖáÅ~ä=ãçÇÉäK=gçìêå~ä=çÑ=dÉêçåíçäçÖóI=RT_I=mONOJmOOOK=
häìïÉêI=bKpKI=eÉÉëáåâI=gK^KjKI=säáÉêíI=bK=î~å=ÇÉê=EOMMOFK=qÜÉ=Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ä~Äçê=~Åêçëë=
íÜÉ=íê~åëáíáçå=íç=é~êÉåíÜççÇW=~=àìëíáÅÉ=éÉêëéÉÅíáîÉK= gçìêå~ä=çÑ=j~êêá~ÖÉ=~åÇ=íÜÉ=
c~ãáäóI=SQI=VPMJVQPK=
håáàåI=qK=ENVVQFK=pçÅá~ä=ÇáäÉãã~Ûë=áå=áã~ÖÉë=çÑ=ãçíÜÉêÜççÇ=áå=íÜÉ=kÉíÜÉêä~åÇëK= qÜÉ=
bìêçéÉ~å=gçìêå~ä=çÑ=tçãÉåÛë=píìÇáÉëI=NI=NUPJOMRK=
håáàåI=qKI=kìåÉå=^K=î~åI=^îçêíI=^K=î~å=ÇÉê=ENVVQFK=wçêÖÉåÇ=î~ÇÉêëÅÜ~éK= ^ãëíÉêÇ~ãë=
pçÅáçäçÖáëÅÜ=qáàÇëÅÜêáÑíI=OMI=TMJVTK=
håáàåI= qKI= sÉêÜÉáàÉåI= `K= ENVUUFK= qìëëÉå= éäáÅÜí= Éå= çåíéäççááåÖK= eÉí= ïÉäÄÉîáåÇÉå= î~å=
ãçÉÇÉêë=ãÉí=àçåÖÉ=âáåÇÉêÉå=áå=ÉÉå=îÉê~åÇÉêÉåÇÉ=ÅìäíììêK=káàãÉÖÉåI=fqpK=
håáàåI=qKI=tÉäI=cK=î~å=EOMMNFK= bÉå=ï~åâÉä=ÉîÉåïáÅÜíK=^êÄÉáÇ=Éå=òçêÖ=áå=ÖÉòáååÉå=ãÉí=
àçåÖÉ=âáåÇÉêÉåK=^ãëíÉêÇ~ãW=ráíÖÉîÉêáà=ptmK=
hçÉêåÉêI= ^KcK= EOMMSFK= jçÇÉäë= çÑ= êÉä~íáåÖ= Ó= åçí= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= ãçÇÉäëW= ÅçÖåáíáîÉ=
êÉéêÉëÉåí~íáçåë= çÑ= êÉä~íáåÖ=~Åêçëë= áåíÉêéÉêëçå~ä= Ççã~áåëK= gçìêå~ä= çÑ=pçÅá~ä=~åÇ=
mÉêëçå~ä=oÉä~íáçåëÜáéëI=ORI=SOVJSRPK=
hçãíÉêI= ^KbK= ENVURFK= aÉ= ã~ÅÜí= î~å= ÇÉ= î~åòÉäÑëéêÉâÉåÇÜÉáÇ= áå= êÉä~íáÉë= íìëëÉå=
îêçìïÉå=Éå=ã~ååÉåK=aÉå=e~~ÖI=srd^K=
hçãíÉêI=^KbK=ENVUVFK=eáÇÇÉå=éçïÉê=áå=ã~êêá~ÖÉK=dÉåÇÉê=~åÇ=pçÅáÉíóI=PI=NUTJONSK=
i~åÉI= oKbK= EOMMMFK= qÜÉ= äçëë= çÑ= Ü~ééáåÉëë= áå= ã~êâÉí= ÇÉãçÅê~ÅáÉëK= kÉï= e~îÉå= ~åÇ=
içåÇçåW=v~äÉ=råáîÉêëáíó=mêÉëëK=
i~ëäÉííI= _K= ENVVPFK= cÉãáåáëãI= Ñ~ãáäáÉëI= ~åÇ= Ñ~ãáäó= ëçÅáçäçÖóK= pçÅáçäçÖáÅ~ä= cçêìãI= UI=
PMPJPNRK=
iÉÉI= vKI= t~áíÉI= iKgK= EOMMRFK= eìëÄ~åÇëÛ= ~åÇ= ïáîÉëÛ= íáãÉ= ëéÉåÇ= çå= ÜçìëÉïçêâW= ~=
Åçãé~êáëçå=çÑ=ãÉ~ëìêÉëK=gçìêå~ä=çÑ=j~êêá~ÖÉ=~åÇ=íÜÉ=c~ãáäóI=STI=POUJPPSK=
iÉïáëI= gK= EOMMNFK= qÜÉ= ÉåÇ= çÑ= ã~êêá~ÖÉ\= fåÇáîáÇì~äáëã= ~åÇ= áåíáã~íÉ= êÉä~íáçåëK=
`ÜÉäíÉåÜ~ã=ErhFI=bÇï~êÇ=bäÖ~êK=
iÉóÇÉëÇçêÑÑI= pK= ENVTTFK= sÉêÄçêÖÉå= ~êÄÉáÇI= îÉêÖÉíÉå= ~êÄÉáÇK= ^ëëÉåL^ãëíÉêÇ~ãI= s~å=
dçêÅìãK=
NQP=
iáÉÑÄêçÉêI= ^K`KI= aóâëíê~I= mK^K= EOMMMFK= iÉîÉåëäçéÉå= áå= îÉê~åÇÉêáåÖK= bÉå= ëíìÇáÉ= å~~ê=
çåíïáââÉäáåÖÉå=áå=äÉîÉåëäçéÉå=î~å=kÉÇÉêä~åÇÉêë=ÖÉÄçêÉå=íìëëÉå=NVMM=Éå=NVTMK=
tooJê~ééçêíK=aÉå=e~~ÖI=par=ráíÖÉîÉêëK=
iáÉÑÄêçÉêI= ^K`KI= aóâëíê~I= mK^K= EOMMNFK= bÉå= ÄêÉÇÉê= éÉêëéÉÅíáÉÑK= méK= NPRJNQU= áå=
p~ãÉåäÉîÉåK=káÉìïÉ=ÑÉáíÉå=çîÉê=êÉä~íáÉë=Éå=ÖÉòáååÉåK=sççêÄìêÖLeÉÉêäÉåI=`_pK=
iáåÇÉåÄÉêÖI=pKjK=ENVUSFK=qÜÉ=é~ê~Ççñ=çÑ=éêáî~íáò~íáçå=áå=ÅçåëìãéíáçåK=fåW=aáÉâã~ååI=
^K= ~åÇ= jáííÉêI= mK= EÉÇëKFK= m~ê~ÇçñáÅ~ä= bÑÑÉÅíë= çÑ= pçÅá~ä= _ÉÜ~îáçêK= bëë~óë= áå=
eçåçê=çÑ=^å~íçä=o~éçéçêíK=eÉáÇÉäÄÉêÖLtáÉåW=mÜóëáÅ~JsÉêä~ÖI=ééK=OVTJPNMK=
iáåÇÉåÄÉêÖI= pKjK= EOMMNFK= pçÅá~ä= ê~íáçå~äáíó= îÉêëìë= ê~íáçå~ä= ÉÖçáëãK= fåW= qìêåÉêI= gKeK=
EÉÇKFK=e~åÇÄççâ=çÑ=ëçÅáçäçÖáÅ~ä=íÜÉçêóK=kÉï=vçêâI=mäÉåìãI=ééK=SPRJSSUK=
iáåÇÉåÄÉêÖI= pKjK= EOMMSFK= mêçëçÅá~ä= ÄÉÜ~îáçêI= ëçäáÇ~êáíóI= ~åÇ= Ñê~ãáåÖ= éêçÅÉëëÉëK= fåW=
cÉíÅÜÉåÜ~ìÉêI= aKI= cä~ÅÜÉI= ^KI= _ììåâI= _KmKI= ~åÇ= iáåÇÉåÄÉêÖI= pKjK= EÉÇëKFK=
pçäáÇ~êáíó= ~åÇ= mêçëçÅá~ä= _ÉÜ~îáçêK= ^å= fåíÉÖê~íáçå= çÑ= pçÅáçäçÖáÅ~ä= ~åÇ=
mëóÅÜçäçÖáÅ~ä=mÉêëéÉÅíáîÉëK==kÉï=vçêâW=péêáåÖÉêI=ééK=OPJQQK=
iáåÇÉåÄÉêÖI= pKjK= EOMMTFK= pçÅá~ä= åçêãëW= tÜ~í= Ü~ééÉåë= ïÜÉå= íÜÉó= ÄÉÅçãÉ= ãçêÉ=
~Äëíê~Åí\=fåW=aáÉâã~ååI=^KI=báÅÜåÉêI=hKI=pÅÜãáÇíI=mK=~åÇ=sçëëI=qK=EÉÇëKFK=o~íáçå~ä=
ÅÜçáÅÉW=qÜÉçêÉíáëÅÜÉ=^å~äóëÉå=ìåÇ=ÉãéáêáëÅÜÉ=oÉëìäí~íÉ=ÉÇáíÉÇ=Äó=táÉëÄ~ÇÉåI=
së=sÉêä~ÖK=
iáééÉI= qK= î~å= ÇÉê= ENVVPFK= ^êÄÉáÇëîÉêÇÉäáåÖ= íìëëÉå= ã~ååÉå= Éå= îêçìïÉåK= bÉå=
áåíÉêÇáëÅáéäáå~áêÉ=ëíìÇáÉ=å~~ê=ÄÉí~~äÇ=Éå=ÜìáëÜçìÇÉäáàâ=ïÉêâ=ÄáååÉå=ÜìáëÜçìÇÉåëK=
^ãëíÉêÇ~ãI=qÜÉëáë=mìÄäáëÜÉêëK=
iáééÉI= qK= î~å= ÇÉê= ENVVUFK= qáàÇëÄÉëíÉÇáåÖ= Éå= í~~âîÉêÇÉäáåÖW= ÉÉå= ãÉíÜçÇáëÅÜÉ=
îÉêÖÉäáàâáåÖK=eìáëÜçìÇëíìÇáÉëI=NI=NJUK=
iáééÉI=qK=î~å=ÇÉê=ENVVVFK=sÉê~åÇÉêáåÖÉå=áå= ÇÉ=í~~âîÉêÇÉäáåÖ= å~=ÇÉ=ÖÉÄççêíÉ=î~å=ÜÉí=
ÉÉêëíÉ=âáåÇK=fåW=h~äãáàåI=jKI=_Éêå~ëÅçI=tK=~åÇ=tÉÉëáÉI=gK=EêÉÇKFK= eìïÉäáàâëJ= Éå=
ë~ãÉåïççåêÉä~íáÉë= áå= kÉÇÉêä~åÇK= aÉ= çêÖ~åáë~íáÉ= î~å= ~ÑÜ~åâÉäáàâÜÉáÇK= ^ëëÉåI=
s~å=dçêÅìãK=
iáééÉI=qK=î~å=ÇÉê=EOMMMFK=qÜÉ=åÉï=çêÖ~åáò~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=~ÑíÉê=íÜÉ=ÄáêíÜ=çÑ=íÜÉ=
Ñáêëí= ÅÜáäÇK= fåW= tÉÉëáÉI= gK= ~åÇ= o~ìÄI= tK= EÉÇëKFK= qÜÉ= ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí= çÑ= Çìê~ÄäÉ=
êÉä~íáçåëK= qÜÉçêÉíáÅ~ä= ãçÇÉäë= ~åÇ= ÉãéáêáÅ~ä= ëíìÇáÉë= çÑ= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇë= ~åÇ=
çêÖ~åáò~íáçåëK=^ãëíÉêÇ~ãI=qÜÉä~=qÜÉëáëK=
iáééÉI= qK= î~å= ÇÉêI= qáàÇÉåëI= hKI= oìáàíÉêI= bK= ÇÉ= EOMMQFK= lìíëçìêÅáåÖ= çÑ= ÇçãÉëíáÅ= í~ëâë=
~åÇ=íáãÉJë~îáåÖ=ÉÑÑÉÅíëK=gçìêå~ä=çÑ=c~ãáäó=fëëìÉëI=ORW=ONSJOQMK=
iìåÇÄÉêÖI=pKI=mçää~ÅâI=oK^K=ENVVSFK=_~êÖ~áåáåÖ=~åÇ=ÇáëíêáÄìíáçå=áå=ã~êêá~ÖÉK= gçìêå~ä=çÑ=
bÅçåçãáÅ=mÉêëéÉÅíáîÉëI=NMW=NPVJNRUK=
j~åÇÉã~âÉêëI= gKgKI= aóâëíê~I= mK^K= EÑçêíÜÅçãáåÖFK= aáëÅêÉé~åí= êÉéçêíë= çÑ= ëìééçêí= ~åÇ=
Åçåí~ÅíW=Äá~ë=~åÇ=áå~ÅÅìê~Åó=çÑ=é~êÉåíÛë=~åÇ=~Çìäí=ÅÜáäÇÛë=êÉéçêíáåÖK=
NQQ=
j~êáåáI=jKjKI=pÜÉäíçåI=_K^K=ENVVPFK=jÉ~ëìêáåÖ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=ïçêâW=êÉÅÉåí=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉ=áå=
íÜÉ=råáíÉÇ=pí~íÉëK=pçÅá~ä=pÅáÉåÅÉ=oÉëÉ~êÅÜI=OOI=PSNJPUOK=
j~ííÜÉïëI= iKpKI= `çåÖÉêK= oKaKI= táÅâê~ã~I= hK^KpK= ENVVSFK= tçêâJÑ~ãáäó= ÅçåÑäáÅí= ~åÇ=
ã~êáí~ä=èì~äáíóW=ãÉÇá~íáåÖ=éêçÅÉëëÉëK=pçÅá~ä=mëóÅÜçäçÖó=nì~êíÉêäóI=RVW=SOJTVK=
jçåêçÉI= mK^KI= _çâÉãÉáÉêI= gKiKI= hçíÅÜÉåI= gKjKI= ~åÇ= jÅhÉ~åI= eK= ENVURFK= péçìë~ä=
êÉëéçåëÉ=ÅçåëáëíÉåÅó=áå=ÇÉÅáëáçåJã~âáåÖ=êÉëÉ~êÅÜK= gçìêå~ä=çÑ=j~êêá~ÖÉ=~åÇ=íÜÉ=
c~ãáäóI=QTI=TPPJTPUK=
jçê¨ÉI= jK= ENVVOFK= Ijáàå= âáåÇÉêÉå= ÜÉÄÄÉå= Éê= åáÉíë= î~å= ÖÉãÉêâíÒK= _ìáíÉåëÜìáë=
ïÉêâÉåÇÉ=ãçÉÇÉêë=íìëëÉå=NVRM=Éå=åìK=ríêÉÅÜíI=s~å=^êâÉäK=
jçê¨ÉI=jKI=pÅÜïÉÖã~åI=jK=ENVUNFK=sêçìïÉå~êÄÉáÇ=áå=kÉÇÉêä~åÇ=NUTMJNVQMK=bäã~êK=
jìêê~ó= pKiKI= eçäãÉë= gKdKI= ~åÇ= dêáÑÑáå= aKtK= ENVVSFK= qÜÉ= ëÉäÑJÑìäÑáääáåÖ= å~íìêÉ= çÑ=
éçëáíáîÉ=áääìëáçåë=áå=êçã~åíáÅ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéëW=äçîÉ=áë=åçí=ÄäáåÇ=Äìí=éêÉÅáÉåíK=gçìêå~ä=
çÑ=mÉêëçå~äáíó=~åÇ=pçÅá~ä=mëóÅÜçäçÖóI=TMI=TVJVUK=
lb`a= EOMMSFK= lb`a= bãéäçóãÉåí= lìíäççâ= OMMSK= m~êáëI= lêÖ~åáò~íáçå= Ñçê= bÅçåçãáÅ=
`çJçéÉê~íáçå=~åÇ=aÉîÉäçéãÉåíK=
lêçéÉë~I= oKpKK= ENVVPFK= rëáåÖ= íÜÉ= ëÉêîáÅÉ= ÉÅçåçãó= íç= êÉäáÉîÉ= íÜÉ= ÇçìÄäÉ= ÄìêÇÉåW=
ÑÉã~äÉ=ä~Äçê=ÑçêÅÉ=é~êíáÅáé~íáçå=~åÇ=ëÉêîáÅÉ=éìêÅÜ~ëÉëK=gçìêå~ä=çÑ=c~ãáäó=fëëìÉëI=
NQI=QPUJQTQK==
mÉíÉêëçåI= `K`K= ENVVMFK=eìëÄ~åÇëÛ= ~åÇ= ïáîÉëÛ= éÉêÅÉéíáçåë= çÑ= ã~êáí~ä= Ñ~áêåÉëë=~Åêçëë=
íÜÉ= Ñ~ãáäó= äáÑÉ= ÅóÅäÉK= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä= gçìêå~ä= çÑ= ^ÖáåÖ= ~åÇ= eìã~å= aÉîÉäçéãÉåíI=
PNI=NTVJNUUK=
mççêíã~åI= ^JoK= EOMMOFK= pçÅáçÉÅçåçãáÅ= Å~ìëÉë= ~åÇ= ÅçåëÉèìÉåÅÉë= çÑ= ÇáîçêÅÉK=
ríêÉÅÜíI=f`pJÇáëëÉêí~íáçåK=
mêÉëëÉêI= eK_K= ENVVQFK= bãéäçóãÉåí= ëÅÜÉÇìäÉë= ~ãçåÖ= Çì~äJÉ~êåÉê= ëéçìëÉë= ~åÇ= íÜÉ=
Çáîáëáçå=çÑ=ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ=ä~Äçê=Äó= ÖÉåÇÉêK= ^ãÉêáÅ~å=pçÅáçäçÖáÅ~ä=oÉîáÉïI=RVI= PQUJ
PSQK=
má¥~I= aKiKI= _ÉåÖíëçåI= sKiK= ENVVPFK= qÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= ä~Äçê= ~åÇ= ïáîÉëÛ=
Ü~ééáåÉëëW= áÇÉçäçÖóI= ÉãéäçóãÉåíI= ~åÇ= éÉêÅÉéíáçåë= çÑ= ëìééçêíK= gçìêå~ä= çÑ=
j~êêá~ÖÉ=~åÇ=íÜÉ=c~ãáäóI=RRI=VMNJVNOK=
o~äÉóI= pK_KI= j~ííáåÖäóI= jKgKI= _á~åÅÜáI= pKjK= EOMMSFK= eçï= Çì~ä= ~êÉ= Çì~äJáåÅçãÉ=
ÅçìéäÉë\=açÅìãÉåíáåÖ=ÅÜ~åÖÉ=Ñêçã=NVTN=íç=OMMNK= gçìêå~ä=çÑ=j~êêá~ÖÉ=~åÇ=íÜÉ=
c~ãáäóI=SUW=NNJOUK=
oÉÖíI=^K=ÇÉK=ENVVPFK=eÉí=çåíëí~~å=î~å=ÜÉí=ÚãçÇÉêåÉÛ=ÖÉòáåI=NVMMJNVRMK=fåW=wï~~åI=qK=
EÉÇKFK= c~ãáäáÉI= ÜìïÉäáàâ= Éå= ÖÉòáå= áå= tÉëíJbìêçé~K= ^ãëíÉêÇ~ãLeÉÉêäÉåI=
_ççãLléÉå=råáîÉêëáíÉáíI=ééK=ONVJOPVK=
oÉñêç~íI=`KI=pÜÉÜ~åI=`K=ENVUTFK=qÜÉ=Ñ~ãáäó=äáÑÉ=ÅóÅäÉ=~åÇ=ëéçìëÉëÛ=íáãÉ=áå=ÜçìëÉïçêâK=
gçìêå~ä=çÑ=j~êêá~ÖÉ=~åÇ=íÜÉ=c~ãáäóI=QVI=TPTJTRMK=
NQR=
oáÇÖÉï~óI=`KiKI=t~äâÉêI=eK^K=ENVVRFK=pí~íìë=ëíêìÅíìêÉëK=fåW=`ççâI=hKpKI=cáåÉI=dK^KI=~åÇ=
eçìëÉI= gKpK= EÉÇëKFK= pçÅáçäçÖáÅ~ä= éÉêëéÉÅíáîÉë= çå= ëçÅá~ä= éëóÅÜçäçÖóK= kÉï= vçêâI=
^ääóå=~åÇ=_~ÅçåI=ééK=OUNJPNMK=
oáëã~åI= _KgKI= gçÜåëçåJpìãÉêÑçêÇI= aK= ENVVUFK= açáåÖ= áí= Ñ~áêäóW= ~= ëíìÇó= çÑ= éçëíÖÉåÇÉê=
ã~êêá~ÖÉëK=gçìêå~ä=çÑ=j~êêá~ÖÉ=~åÇ=íÜÉ=c~ãáäóI=SMI=OPJQMK=
oìáàíÉêI=bK=ÇÉ=EOMMRFK=eçìëÉÜçäÇ=çìíëçìêÅáåÖK=ríêÉÅÜíI=f`pJÇáëëÉêí~íáçåK=
oìëÄìäíI= `KbKI= i~åÖÉI= mK^KjK= î~åK= EOMMPFK= fåíÉêÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅÉI= áåíÉê~ÅíáçåI= ~åÇ=
êÉä~íáçåëÜáéëK=^ååì~ä=oÉîáÉï=çÑ=mëóÅÜçäçÖóI=RQW=PRNJPTRK=
p~ÑáäáçëJoçíÜëÅÜáäÇI= `K= ENVSVFK= c~ãáäó= ëçÅáçäçÖó= çê= ïáîÉëÛ= Ñ~ãáäó= ëçÅáçäçÖó\= ^= ÅêçëëJ
Åìäíìê~ä=Éñ~ãáå~íáçå=çÑ=ÇÉÅáëáçåJã~âáåÖK=gçìêå~ä=çÑ=j~êêá~ÖÉ=~åÇ=íÜÉ=c~ãáäóI=PNI=
OVMJPMNK=
p`m= EOMMOFK= bã~åÅáé~íáÉãçåáíçê= OMMOK= aÉå= e~~ÖK= pçÅá~~ä= Éå= `ìäíìêÉÉä= mä~åÄìêÉ~ì=
Éå=`Éåíê~~ä=_ìêÉ~ì=îççê=ÇÉ=pí~íáëíáÉâK=
p`m= EOMMQFK= bã~åÅáé~íáÉãçåáíçê= OMMQK= aÉå= e~~ÖK= pçÅá~~ä= Éå= `ìäíìêÉÉä= mä~åÄìêÉ~ì=
Éå=`Éåíê~~ä=_ìêÉ~ì=îççê=ÇÉ=pí~íáëíáÉâK=
p`m= EOMMSFK= bã~åÅáé~íáÉãçåáíçê= OMMSK= aÉå= e~~ÖK= pçÅá~~ä= Éå= `ìäíìêÉÉä= mä~åÄìêÉ~ì=
Éå=`Éåíê~~ä=_ìêÉ~ì=îççê=ÇÉ=pí~íáëíáÉâK=
pÅÜï~êíòI= mK= ENVVQFK= mÉÉê= ã~êêá~ÖÉK= eçï= äçîÉ= ÄÉíïÉÉå= Éèì~äë= êÉ~ääó= ïçêâëK= kÉï=
vçêâK=qÜÉ=cêÉÉ=mêÉëëK=
pÜÉäíçåI= _K^KI= gçÜåI= aK= ENVVPFK= açÉë= ã~êáí~ä= ëí~íìë= ã~âÉ= ~= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉK= gçìêå~ä= çÑ=
c~ãáäó=fëëìÉëI=NQI=QMNJQONK=
pÜÉäíçåI= _K^KI= gçÜåI= aK= ENVVSFK= qÜÉ= Çáîáëáçå= çÑ= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= ä~ÄçêK= ^ååì~ä= oÉîáÉï= çÑ=
pçÅáçäçÖóI=OOI=OVVJPOOK=
pãáíÜI= aK_KI= jçÉåI= mK= ENVVUFK= péçìë~ä= áåÑäìÉåÅÉ= çå= êÉíáêÉãÉåíW= ÜáëI= ÜÉêI= ~åÇ= íÜÉáê=
éÉêÅÉéíáçåëK=gçìêå~ä=çÑ=j~êêá~ÖÉ=~åÇ=íÜÉ=c~ãáäóI=SMI=TPQJTQQK=
pçäáåÖÉI=eK=î~åI=eÉåâÉëI=hK=EOMMRFK=`çìéäÉëÛ=~ÇàìëíãÉåí=íç=êÉíáêÉãÉåíW=~=ãìäíáJ~Åíçê=
é~åÉä=ëíìÇóK=gçìêå~ä=çÑ=dÉêçåíçäçÖóI=SM_I=pNNJpOMK=
pçäçãçåI= `K= oáÅÜ~êÇëI= ^ÅçÅâI= ^K`KI= t~äâÉêI= ^KgK= EOMMQFK= dÉåÇÉê= áÇÉçäçÖó= ~åÇ=
áåîÉëíãÉåí=áå=ÜçìëÉïçêâK=mçëíêÉíáêÉãÉåí=ÅÜ~åÖÉK= gçìêå~ä=çÑ=c~ãáäó=fëëìÉëI= ORI=
NMRMJNMTNK=
pòáåçî~ÅëI=jK=ENVVOFK=fë=ÜçìëÉïçêâ=ÖççÇ=Ñçê=êÉíáêÉÉë\=c~ãáäó=oÉä~íáçåëI=QNI=OPMJOPUK=
pòáåçî~ÅëI= jK= EOMMMFK= `Ü~åÖÉë= áå= ÜçìëÉïçêâ= ~ÑíÉê= êÉíáêÉãÉåíW= ~= é~åÉä= ~å~äóëáëK=
gçìêå~ä=çÑ=j~êêá~ÖÉ=~åÇ=íÜÉ=c~ãáäóI=SOI=TUJVOK=
pòáåçî~ÅòI= jKbKI= bÖäÉóI= iK`K= ENVVRFK= `çãé~êáåÖ= çåÉJé~êíåÉê= ~åÇ= ÅçìéäÉ= Ç~í~= çå=
ëÉåëáíáîÉ= ã~êáí~ä= ÄÉÜ~îáçêëW= íÜÉ= Å~ëÉ= çÑ= ã~êáí~ä= îáçäÉåÅÉK= gçìêå~ä= çÑ= j~êêá~ÖÉ=
~åÇ=íÜÉ=c~ãáäóI=RTI=VVRJNMNMK=
pòáåçî~ÅëI= jKI= e~êéëíÉêI= mK= ENVVPFK= bãéäçóãÉåí= ëí~íìëI= ÖÉåÇÉê= êçäÉ= ~ííáíìÇÉëI= ~åÇ=
ã~êáí~ä= ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅÉ= áå= ä~íÉê= äáÑÉK= gçìêå~ä= çÑ= j~êêá~ÖÉ= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= c~ãáäóI= RRI= VOTJ
NQS=
VQMK=
p›êÉåëÉåI= ^KI= jÅi~å~Ü~åI= pK= ENVUTFK= j~êêáÉÇ= ïçãÉåÛë= ÉÅçåçãáÅ= ÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅóI=
NVQMJNVUMK=qÜÉ=^ãÉêáÅ~å=gçìêå~ä=çÑ=pçÅáçäçÖóI=VPI=SRVJSUTK=
pçìíÜI= pKgKI= péáíòÉI= dK= ENVVQFK= eçìëÉïçêâ= áå= ã~êáí~ä= ~åÇ= åçåã~êáí~ä= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇëK=
^ãÉêáÅ~å=pçÅáçäçÖáÅ~ä=oÉîáÉïI=RVI=POTJPQTK=
pìÅÜÉíI=jKI=_~êäáåÖI=gK=ENVUSFK=bãéäçóÉÇ=ãçíÜÉêëW=áåíÉêêçäÉ=ÅçåÑäáÅíI=é~êíåÉê=ëìééçêí=
~åÇ=ã~êáí~ä=ÑìåÅíáçåáåÖK=gçìêå~ä=çÑ=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=_ÉÜ~îáçêI=TI=NSTJNTUK=
qáÅÜÉåçêI=sKgK=EOMMRFK= b~êåáåÖ=ãçêÉ=~åÇ=ÖÉííáåÖ=äÉëëK=tÜó=ëìÅÅÉëÑìä=ïáîÉë=Å~åÛí=Äìó=
Éèì~äáíóK=kÉï=_êìåëïáÅâI=oìíÖÉêë=råáîÉêëáíó=mêÉëëK=
qÜçãéëçåI= iK= ENVVNFK= c~ãáäó= ïçêâW= ïçãÉåÛë= ëÉåëÉ= çÑ= Ñ~áêåÉëëK= gçìêå~ä= çÑ= c~ãáäó=
fëëìÉëI=NOI=NUNJNVSK=
qÜçãéëçåI=iKI=t~äâÉêI=^KgK=ENVUOFK=qÜÉ=Çó~Ç=~ë=íÜÉ=ìåáí=çÑ=~å~äóëáëW=ÅçåÅÉéíì~ä=~åÇ=
ãÉíÜçÇçäçÖáÅ~ä=áëëìÉëK=gçìêå~ä=çÑ=j~êêá~ÖÉ=~åÇ=íÜÉ=c~ãáäóI=QQI=UUVJVMMK=
qïÉÉÇÉ= h~ãÉê= EOMMRLOMMSFK= jÉÉêà~êÉåÄÉäÉáÇëéä~å= Éã~åÅáé~íáÉ= OMMSJOMNMK=
bã~åÅáé~íáÉW= s~åòÉäÑëéêÉâÉåÇI= ã~~ê= ÜÉí= Ö~~í= åáÉí= î~åòÉäÑ>= qïÉÉÇÉ= h~ãÉêI=
îÉêÖ~ÇÉêà~~ê=OMMRLOMMSI=PMQOMI=åêK=OK=
qê~ìéã~ååI= gKI= e~íÑáÉäÇI= bK= ENVUPFK= eçï= áãéçêí~åí= áë= ã~êáí~ä= Ñ~áêåÉëë= çîÉê= íÜÉ= äáÑÉ=
ëé~å\=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=gçìêå~ä=çÑ=^ÖáåÖ=~åÇ=eìã~å=aÉîÉäçéãÉåíI=NTEOFI=UVJNMNK=
sáååÉI= eK= î~å= ÇÉê= ENVVUFK= bÉêäáàâ= áë= ÉÉêäáàâK= lîÉê= ÇÉ= êÉÅÜíî~~êÇáÖáåÖ= î~å= ÇÉ=
í~~âîÉêÇÉäáåÖ=ÄáååÉå=ÜìáëÜçìÇÉåëK=qáäÄìêÖI=qáäÄìêÖ=råáîÉêëáíó=mêÉëëK=
t~êÇI= oK^K= ENVVPFK= j~êáí~ä= Ü~ééáåÉëë= ~åÇ= ÜçìëÉÜçäÇ= Éèìáíó= áå= ä~íÉê= äáÑÉK= gçìêå~ä= çÑ=
j~êêá~ÖÉ=~åÇ=íÜÉ=c~ãáäóI=RRI=QOTJQPUK=
t~êêÉåI=qK=EOMMMFK=aáîÉêëÉ=ÄêÉ~ÇïáååÉê=ãçÇÉäëW=~=ÅçìéäÉJÄ~ëÉÇ=~å~äóëáë=çÑ=ÖÉåÇÉêÉÇ=
ïçêâáåÖ= íáãÉ= áå= _êáí~áå= ~åÇ= aÉåã~êâK= gçìêå~ä= çÑ= bìêçéÉ~å= pçÅá~ä= mçäáÅóI= NMI=
PQVJPTNK=
tÉäI=cK=î~åI=håáàåI=qK=EOMMSFK=qê~åëáíáçå~ä=éÜ~ëÉ=çê=~=åÉï=Ä~ä~åÅÉK=tçêâáåÖ=~åÇ=Å~êáåÖ=
Äó= ãçíÜÉêë= ïáíÜ= óçìåÖ= ÅÜáäÇêÉå= áå= íÜÉ= kÉíÜÉêä~åÇëK= gçìêå~ä= çÑ= c~ãáäó= fëëìÉëI=
OTI=SPPJSRNK=
tÉëíI=`KI=wáããÉêã~åI=aKeK=ENVUTFK=açáåÖ=ÖÉåÇÉêK=dÉåÇÉê=~åÇ=pçÅáÉíóI=NI=NORJNRNK=
táäâáÉI= gKoKI= cÉêêÉÉI= jKjKI= o~ÇÅäáÑÑÉI= `KpK= ENVVUFK= dÉåÇÉê= ~åÇ= Ñ~áêåÉëëW= ã~êáí~ä=
ë~íáëÑ~Åíáçå=áå=íïç=É~êåÉê=ÅçìéäÉëK= gçìêå~ä=çÑ=j~êêá~ÖÉ=~åÇ=íÜÉ=c~ãáäóI= SMW=RTTJ
RVQK=
wáàÇÉêîÉäÇI= ^K= ENVUPFK= aÉ= ÅìäíìêÉäÉ= Ñ~ÅíçêK= bÉå= ÅìäíììêëçÅáçäçÖáëÅÜÉ= ïÉÖïáàòÉêK=
`ìäÉãÄçêÖI=iÉãã~K=
NQT=
=
NQU=
`ìêêáÅìäìã=sáí~É=
=
=
fåÖêáÇ= aççêíÉå= ï~ë= Äçêå= áå= h~ãéÉåI= íÜÉ= kÉíÜÉêä~åÇëI= çå= kçîÉãÄÉê= OQI= NVSQK= få=
pÉéíÉãÄÉê= NVVQ= ëÜÉ= ëí~êíÉÇ= íç= ëíìÇó= pçÅáçäçÖó= ~í= dêçåáåÖÉå= råáîÉêëáíóI= ÄÉëáÇÉ=
é~êííáãÉ= àçÄë= ~í= íÜÉ= kççêÇÉäáàâÉ= eçÖÉëÅÜççä= iÉÉìï~êÇÉå= ~åÇ= sam= j~å~ÖÉãÉåí=
`çåëìäí~åíëK= pÜÉ= çÄí~áåÉÇ= ÜÉê= j~ëíÉêÛë= ÇÉÖêÉÉ= áå= OMMNK= få= íÜÉ= ë~ãÉ= óÉ~ê= ëÜÉ=
ÄÉÅ~ãÉ=~=mÜKaK=ëíìÇÉåí=~í=íÜÉ=fåíÉêìåáîÉêëáíó=`ÉåíÉê=Ñçê=pçÅá~ä=pÅáÉåÅÉ=qÜÉçêó=~åÇ=
jÉíÜçÇçäçÖó= Ef`pF= ~í= íÜÉ= aÉé~êíãÉåí= çÑ= pçÅáçäçÖó= çÑ= ríêÉÅÜí= råáîÉêëáíóI= çå= ~=
êÉëÉ~êÅÜ= êÉëìäíáåÖ= áå= íÜáë= ÄççâK= cêçã= pÉéíÉãÄÉê= OMMR= ìåíáä= cÉÄêì~êó= OMMT= ëÜÉ=
ïçêâÉÇ= ~í= íÜÉ= `çìåÅáä= Ñçê= pçÅá~ä= aÉîÉäçéãÉåí= EÇÉ= o~~Ç= îççê= j~~íëÅÜ~ééÉäáàâÉ=
låíïáââÉäáåÖF= ~åÇ= ëÜÉ= áë= ÅìêêÉåíäó= ïçêâáåÖ= Ñçê= íÜÉ= `çìåÅáä= Ñçê= mìÄäáÅ= eÉ~äíÜ= ~åÇ=
eÉ~äíÜ=`~êÉ=EÇÉ=o~~Ç=îççê=ÇÉ=sçäâëÖÉòçåÇÜÉáÇ=Éå=wçêÖF=áå=qÜÉ=e~ÖìÉK=
=
=
=
NQV=
=
NRM=
f`p=ÇáëëÉêí~íáçå=ëÉêáÉë=
=
=
qÜÉ= f`pJëÉêáÉë= éêÉëÉåíë= ÇáëëÉêí~íáçåë= çÑ= íÜÉ= fåíÉêìåáîÉêëáíó= `ÉåíÉê= Ñçê= pçÅá~ä= pÅáÉåÅÉ= qÜÉçêó= ~åÇ=
jÉíÜçÇçäçÖóK=b~ÅÜ=çÑ=íÜÉëÉ=ëíìÇáÉë=~áãë=~í=áåíÉÖê~íáåÖ=ÉñéäáÅáí=íÜÉçêó=Ñçêã~íáçå=ïáíÜ=ëí~íÉJçÑJíÜÉJ~êí=
ÉãéáêáÅ~ä=êÉëÉ~êÅÜ=çê=~í=íÜÉ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåí=çÑ=~Çî~åÅÉÇ=ãÉíÜçÇë=Ñçê=ÉãéáêáÅ~ä=êÉëÉ~êÅÜK=qÜÉ=f`p=ï~ë=
ÑçìåÇÉÇ=áå=NVUS=~ë=~=ÅççéÉê~íáîÉ=ÉÑÑçêí=çÑ=íÜÉ=ìåáîÉêëáíáÉë=çÑ=dêçåáåÖÉå=~åÇ=ríêÉÅÜíK=páåÅÉ=NVVOI=íÜÉ=
f`p= Éñé~åÇÉÇ= íç= íÜÉ= råáîÉêëáíó= çÑ= káàãÉÖÉåK= jçëí= çÑ= íÜÉ= éêçàÉÅíë= ~êÉ= Ñáå~åÅÉÇ= Äó= íÜÉ= é~êíáÅáé~íáåÖ=
ìåáîÉêëáíáÉë= çê= Äó= íÜÉ= kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë= lêÖ~åáò~íáçå= Ñçê= pÅáÉåíáÑáÅ= oÉëÉ~êÅÜ= EktlFK= qÜÉ= áåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=
Åçãéçëáíáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=f`p=Öê~Çì~íÉ=ëíìÇÉåíë=áë=ãáêêçêÉÇ=áå=íÜÉ=áåÅêÉ~ëáåÖ=áåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=çêáÉåí~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=
éêçàÉÅíë=~åÇ=íÜìë=çÑ=íÜÉ=f`pJëÉêáÉë=áíëÉäÑK=
=
NF=
`K= î~å= iáÉêÉI= ENVVMFI= i~ëíáÖÉ= iÉÉêäáåÖÉåK= bÉå= ÉãéáêáëÅÜ= çåÇÉêòçÉâ= å~~ê= ëçÅá~äÉ= ççêò~âÉå= î~å=
éêçÄäÉÉãÖÉÇê~Ö=çé=Ä~ëáëëÅÜçäÉåK=^ãëíÉêÇ~ãW=qÜÉëáë=mìÄäáëÜÉêëK=
OF=
j~êÅç= eKaK= î~å= iÉÉìïÉåI= ENVVMFI= _áàëí~åÇ= áå= ^ãëíÉêÇ~ãI= Å~K= NUMM= J= NURMK= ^êãÉåòçêÖ= ~äë=
ÄÉÜÉÉêëáåÖëJ=Éå=çîÉêäÉîáåÖëëíê~íÉÖáÉK=f`p=ÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=ríêÉÅÜíK=
PF=
fK=j~~ëI=ENVVMFI= aÉÉäå~ãÉ=~~å=éçÇáìãâìåëíÉå=îá~=ÇÉ=éçÇá~I=ÇÉ= ãÉÇá~= Éå= ~ÅíáÉîÉ= ÄÉçÉÑÉåáåÖK=
pìÄëíáíìíáÉ=çÑ=äÉÉêÉÑÑÉÅíÉå\=^ãëíÉêÇ~ãW=qÜÉëáë=mìÄäáëÜÉêëK=
QF=
jKfK= _êçÉëÉ= î~å= dêçÉåçìI= ENVVNFI= dÉëÅÜÉáÇÉå= kÉíïÉêâÉåK= aÉ= êÉä~íáÉë= ãÉí= îêáÉåÇÉå= Éå=
îÉêï~åíÉå=å~=ÉÅÜíëÅÜÉáÇáåÖK=^ãëíÉêÇ~ãW=qÜÉëáë=mìÄäáëÜÉêëK=
RF=
g~å= jKjK= î~å= ÇÉå= _çëI= ENVVNFI= aìíÅÜ= b`= mçäáÅó= j~âáåÖK= ^= jçÇÉäJdìáÇÉÇ= ^ééêç~ÅÜ= íç=
`ççêÇáå~íáçå=~åÇ=kÉÖçíá~íáçåK=^ãëíÉêÇ~ãW=qÜÉëáë=mìÄäáëÜÉêëK=
SF=
h~êáå=p~åÇÉêëI=ENVVNFI= sêçìïÉäáàâÉ=máçåáÉêëK=sêçìïÉå=Éå=ã~ååÉå=ãÉí=ÉÉå=Dã~ååÉäáàâÉD=ÜçÖÉêÉ=
ÄÉêçÉéëçéäÉáÇáåÖ=~~å=ÜÉí=ÄÉÖáå=î~å=Üìå=äççéÄ~~åK=^ãëíÉêÇ~ãW=qÜÉëáë=mìÄäáëÜÉêëK=
TF=
pàÉêé= ÇÉ= sêáÉëI= ENVVNFI= bÖçáëãI= ^äíêìáëãI= ~åÇ= pçÅá~ä= gìëíáÅÉK= qÜÉçêó= ~åÇ= bñéÉêáãÉåíë= çå=
`ççéÉê~íáçå=áå=pçÅá~ä=aáäÉãã~ëK=^ãëíÉêÇ~ãW=qÜÉëáë=mìÄäáëÜÉêëK=
UF=
oçå~äÇ=pK=_~íÉåÄìêÖI=ENVVNFI=^ìíçã~íáëÉêáåÖ=áå=ÄÉÇêáàÑK=^ãëíÉêÇ~ãW=qÜÉëáë=mìÄäáëÜÉêëK=
VF=
oìÇá=táÉäÉêëI=ENVVNFI=pÉäÉÅíáÉ=Éå=~ääçÅ~íáÉ=çé=ÇÉ=~êÄÉáÇëã~êâíK=bÉå=ìáíïÉêâáåÖ=îççê=ÇÉ=áåÑçêãÉäÉ=
Éå=ÖÉ≥åëíáíìíáçå~äáëÉÉêÇÉ=âáåÇÉêçéî~åÖK=^ãëíÉêÇ~ãW=qÜÉëáë=mìÄäáëÜÉêëK=
NMF=
dÉêí=mK=tÉëíÉêíI=ENVVNFI=sÉêëÅÜáääÉå=áå=òáÉâÉåÜìáëÖÉÄêìáâK=f`p=ÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=dêçåáåÖÉåK=
NNF=
e~ååÉâÉ= eÉêãëÉåI=ENVVOFI= sçíÉë=~åÇ=mçäáÅó=mêÉÑÉêÉåÅÉëK=bèìáäáÄêá~=áå=m~êíó=póëíÉãëK= ^ãëíÉêJ
Ç~ãW=qÜÉëáë=mìÄäáëÜÉêëK=
NOF=
`çê~=gKjK=j~~ëI= ENVVOFI= mêçÄäÉÉãäÉÉêäáåÖÉå=áå=ÜÉí= Ä~ëáëçåÇÉêïáàëK=^ãëíÉêÇ~ãW= qÜÉëáë= mìÄäáëJ
ÜÉêëK=
NPF=
bÇ=^KtK=_çñã~åI=ENVVOFI= `çåí~ÅíÉå=Éå=Å~êêá≠êÉK=bÉå=ÉãéáêáëÅÜJíÜÉçêÉíáëÅÜ= çåÇÉêòçÉâ=å~~ê=ÇÉ=
êÉä~íáÉ=íìëëÉå=ëçÅá~äÉ=åÉíïÉêâÉå=Éå=~êÄÉáÇëã~êâíéçëáíáÉëK=^ãëíÉêÇ~ãW=qÜÉëáë=mìÄäáëÜÉêëK=
NRN=
NQF=
`çååó= dKgK= q~ÉëI= ENVVOFI= háàâÉå= å~~ê= Ä~åÉåK= bÉå= çåÇÉêòçÉâ= å~~ê= ÇÉ= áåëÅÜ~ííáåÖ= î~å= ~êÄÉáÇëJ
ã~êâíâ~åëÉå= Äáà= ëÅÜççäîÉêä~íÉêë= ìáí= ÜÉí= ãáÇÇÉäÄ~~ê= ÄÉêçÉéëçåÇÉêïáàëK= ^ãëíÉêÇ~ãW= qÜÉëáë=
mìÄäáëÜÉêëK=
NRF=
mÉíÉê=î~å=oççòÉåÇ~~äI=ENVVOFI=`~ÄáåÉíë=áå=jìäíáJm~êíó=aÉãçÅê~ÅáÉëK=qÜÉ=bÑÑÉÅí=çÑ=açãáå~åí=~åÇ=
`Éåíê~ä=m~êíáÉë=çå=`~ÄáåÉí=`çãéçëáíáçå=~åÇ=aìê~ÄáäáíóK=^ãëíÉêÇ~ãW=qÜÉëáë=mìÄäáëÜÉêëK=
NSF=
j~êÅÉä= î~å= a~ãI= ENVVOFI= oÉÖáç= òçåÇÉê= êÉÖáÉK= sÉêëÅÜáääÉå= áå= Éå= ÉÑÑÉÅíáîáíÉáí= î~å= ÖÉãÉÉåíÉäáàâ=
~êÄÉáÇëã~êâíÄÉäÉáÇK=^ãëíÉêÇ~ãW=qÜÉëáë=mìÄäáëÜÉêëK=
NTF=
q~åà~=î~å=ÇÉê=iáééÉI=ENVVPFI= ^êÄÉáÇëîÉêÇÉäáåÖ=íìëëÉå=ã~ååÉå=Éå=îêçìïÉåK=^ãëíÉêÇ~ãW=qÜÉëáë=
mìÄäáëÜÉêëK=
NUF=
j~êÅ=^K=g~ÅçÄëI=ENVVPFI= pçÑíï~êÉW=hçéÉå=çÑ=hçéáØêÉå\=bÉå=ëçÅá~~äJïÉíÉåëÅÜ~ééÉäáàâ=çåÇÉêòçÉâ=
çåÇÉê=m`JÖÉÄêìáâÉêëK=^ãëíÉêÇ~ãW=qÜÉëáë=mìÄäáëÜÉêëK=
NVF=
mÉíÉê=î~å=ÇÉê=jÉÉêI=ENVVPFI= sÉêÇêáåÖáåÖ=çé=ÇÉ=kÉÇÉêä~åÇëÉ=~êÄÉáÇëã~êâíK=pÉÅíçêJ=Éå=ëÉâëÉîÉêJ
ëÅÜáääÉåK=^ãëíÉêÇ~ãW=qÜÉëáë=mìÄäáëÜÉêëK=
OMF=
dÉêÄÉêí= hê~~óâ~ãéI= ENVVPFI= lîÉê= äÉòÉå= ÖÉëéêçâÉåK= bÉå= ëíìÇáÉ= å~~ê= ëçÅá~äÉ= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåíá~íáÉ= áå=
äÉÉëÖÉÇê~ÖK=^ãëíÉêÇ~ãW=qÜÉëáë=mìÄäáëÜÉêëK=
ONF=
bîÉäáÉå=wÉÖÖÉäáåâI=ENVVPFI= píê~åÖÉêë=áåíç=cêáÉåÇëK=qÜÉ=bîçäìíáçå=çÑ=cêáÉåÇëÜáé= kÉíïçêâë= rëáåÖ=
~å=fåÇáîáÇì~ä=lêáÉåíÉÇ=jçÇÉäáåÖ=^ééêç~ÅÜK=^ãëíÉêÇ~ãW=qÜÉëáë=mìÄäáëÜÉêëK=
OOF=
g~Åç=_ÉêîÉäáåÖI=ENVVQFI= eÉí=ëíÉãéÉä=çé=ÇÉ=ÄÉëäìáíîçêãáåÖK=j~ÅÜíI=áåîäçÉÇ=Éå=ÄÉëäìáíîçêãáåÖ=çé=
íïÉÉ=^ãëíÉêÇ~ãëÉ=ÄÉäÉáÇëíÉêêÉáåÉåK=^ãëíÉêÇ~ãW=qÜÉëáë=mìÄäáëÜÉêëK=
OPF=
táã= _Éêå~ëÅçI= ENVVQFI= `çìéäÉÇ= `~êÉÉêëK= qÜÉ= bÑÑÉÅíë= çÑ= péçìëÉDë= oÉëçìêÅÉë= çå= pìÅÅÉëë= ~í=
tçêâK=^ãëíÉêÇ~ãW=qÜÉëáë=mìÄäáëÜÉêëK=
OQF=
iáëÉí= î~å= aáàâI= ENVVQFI= `ÜçáÅÉë= áå= `ÜáäÇ= `~êÉK= qÜÉ= aáëíêáÄìíáçå= çÑ= `ÜáäÇ= `~êÉ= ^ãçåÖ= jçíÜÉêëI=
c~íÜÉêë=~åÇ=kçåJm~êÉåí~ä=`~êÉ=mêçîáÇÉêëK=^ãëíÉêÇ~ãW=qÜÉëáë=mìÄäáëÜÉêëK=
ORF=
gçë=ÇÉ=e~~åI=ENVVQFI=oÉëÉ~êÅÜ=dêçìéë=áå=aìíÅÜ=pçÅáçäçÖóK=^ãëíÉêÇ~ãW=qÜÉëáë=mìÄäáëÜÉêëK=
OSF=
hK=_ç~ÜÉåÉI=ENVVRFI= fååçî~íáçå=^Ççéíáçå=~ë=~=pçÅáçJbÅçåçãáÅ=mêçÅÉëëK=qÜÉ=`~ëÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=dÜ~å~áJ
~å=`çÅç~=fåÇìëíêóK=^ãëíÉêÇ~ãW=qÜÉëáë=mìÄäáëÜÉêëK=
OTF=
m~ìä= bKjK= iáÖíÜ~êíI= ENVVRFI= pçäáÇ~êáíó= áå= bÅçåçãáÅ= qê~åë~ÅíáçåëK= ^å= bñéÉêáãÉåí~ä= píìÇó= çÑ=
cê~ãáåÖ=bÑÑÉÅíë=áå=_~êÖ~áåáåÖ=~åÇ=`çåíê~ÅíáåÖK=^ãëíÉêÇ~ãW=qÜÉëáë=mìÄäáëÜÉêëK=
OUF=
oçÖÉê=qÜK=^KgK=iÉÉåÇÉêëI=ENVVRFI=píêìÅíìêÉ=~åÇ=fåÑäìÉåÅÉK=pí~íáëíáÅ~ä=jçÇÉäë=Ñçê=íÜÉ=aóå~ãáÅë=çÑ=
^Åíçê=^ííêáÄìíÉëI=kÉíïçêâ=píêìÅíìêÉI=~åÇ=íÜÉáê=fåíÉêÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅÉK=^ãëíÉêÇ~ãW=qÜÉëáë=mìÄäáëÜÉêëK=
OVF=
_É~íÉ=s∏äâÉêI=ENVVRFI= pÜçìäÇ= ^ìäÇ= ^Åèì~áåí~åÅÉ=_É=cçêÖçíKKK\=fåëíáíìíáçåë= çÑ=`çããìåáëãI=íÜÉ=
qê~åëáíáçå=íç=`~éáí~äáëã=~åÇ=mÉêëçå~ä=kÉíïçêâëW=íÜÉ=`~ëÉ=çÑ=b~ëí=dÉêã~åóK=^ãëíÉêÇ~ãW=qÜÉëáë=
mìÄäáëÜÉêëK=
PMF=
^K= `~åÅêáåìëJj~ííÜáàëëÉI= ENVVRFI= qìëëÉå= ÜìäéîÉêäÉåáåÖ= Éå= çåÇÉêåÉãÉêëÅÜ~éK= _ÉêçÉéëJ
ìáíçÉÑÉåáåÖ=Éå=í~~âçéî~ííáåÖÉå=î~å=çéÉåÄ~êÉ= ~éçíÜÉâÉêë=áå=ÉÉå=~~åí~ä=tÉëíJbìêçéÉëÉ=ä~åÇÉåK=
^ãëíÉêÇ~ãW=qÜÉëáë=mìÄäáëÜÉêëK=
NRO=
PNF=
k~êÇá= píÉîÉêáåâI= ENVVSFI= wç= ä~åÖ= ãçÖÉäáàâ= òÉäÑëí~åÇáÖK= k~~ê= ÉÉå= îÉêâä~êáåÖ= î~å= îÉêëÅÜáääÉå= áå=
çêáØåí~íáÉ= íÉå= ~~åòáÉå= î~å= çéå~ãÉ= áå= ÉÉå= îÉêòçêÖáåÖëíÉÜìáë= çåÇÉê= ÑóëáÉâ= âïÉíëÄ~êÉ= çìÇÉêÉåK=
^ãëíÉêÇ~ãW=qÜÉëáë=mìÄäáëÜÉêëK=
POF=
bääÉå=iáåÇÉã~åI=ENVVSFI=m~êíáÅáé~íáÉ=áå=îêáàïáääáÖÉêëïÉêâK=^ãëíÉêÇ~ãW=qÜÉëáë=mìÄäáëÜÉêëK=
PPF=
`Üêáë=påáàÇÉêëI=ENVVSFI=qêìëí=~åÇ=`çããáíãÉåíëK=^ãëíÉêÇ~ãW=qÜÉëáë=mìÄäáëÜÉêëK=
PQF=
hççë=mçëíã~I=ENVVSFI= `Ü~åÖáåÖ=mêÉàìÇáÅÉ=áå=eìåÖ~êóK=^=píìÇó=çå=íÜÉ= `çää~éëÉ= çÑ=pí~íÉ=pçÅá~J
äáëã=~åÇ=fíë=fãé~Åí=çå=mêÉàìÇáÅÉ=^Ö~áåëí=dóéëáÉë=~åÇ=gÉïëK=^ãëíÉêÇ~ãW=qÜÉëáë=mìÄäáëÜÉêëK=
PRF=
gççëâÉ= qK= î~å= _ìëëÅÜÄ~ÅÜI= ENVVSFI= ráí= ÜÉí= ççÖI= ìáí= ÜÉí= Ü~êí\= pí~ÄáäáíÉáí= Éå= îÉê~åÇÉêáåÖ= áå=
éÉêëççåäáàâÉ=êÉä~íáÉëK=^ãëíÉêÇ~ãW=qÜÉëáë=mìÄäáëÜÉêëK=
PSF=
oÉå¨= qçêÉåîäáÉÇI= ENVVSFI= _ÉëäìáíÉå= áå= ìáíîçÉêáåÖK= qÜÉçêáÉØå= çîÉê= ÄÉäÉáÇëìáíîçÉêáåÖ= ãçÇÉäã~íáÖ=
ÖÉíçÉíëí=çé=ëçÅá~äÉ=îÉêåáÉìïáåÖ=áå=ÇêáÉ=ÖÉãÉÉåíÉåK=^ãëíÉêÇ~ãW=qÜÉëáë=mìÄäáëÜÉêëK=
PTF=
^åÇêÉ~ë= cä~ÅÜÉI= ENVVSFI= qÜÉ= açìÄäÉ= bÇÖÉ= çÑ= kÉíïçêâëK= ^å= ^å~äóëáë= çÑ= íÜÉ= bÑÑÉÅí= çÑ= fåÑçêã~ä=
kÉíïçêâë=çå=`ççéÉê~íáçå=áå=pçÅá~ä=aáäÉãã~ëK=^ãëíÉêÇ~ãW=qÜÉëáë=mìÄäáëÜÉêëK=
PUF=
hÉÉë= î~å= sÉÉåI= ENVVTFI= fåëáÇÉ= ~å= fåíÉêå~ä= i~Äçê= j~êâÉíW= cçêã~ä= oìäÉëI= cäÉñáÄáäáíó= ~åÇ= `~êÉÉê=
iáåÉë=áå=~=aìíÅÜ=j~åìÑ~ÅíìêáåÖ=`çãé~åóK=^ãëíÉêÇ~ãW=qÜÉëáë=mìÄäáëÜÉêëK=
PVF=
iìÅáÉååÉ=î~å=báàâI=ENVVTFI=^Åíáîáíó=~åÇ=tÉääJÄÉáåÖ=áå=íÜÉ=bäÇÉêäóK=^ãëíÉêÇ~ãW=qÜÉëáë=mìÄäáëÜÉêëK=
QMF=
oµÄÉêí=d•äI=ENVVTFI= råêÉäá~ÄáäáíóK= `çåíê~Åí=aáëÅáéäáåÉ= ~åÇ=`çåíê~Åí=dçîÉêå~åÅÉ=ìåÇÉê=bÅçåçãáÅ=
qê~åëáíáçåK=^ãëíÉêÇ~ãW=qÜÉëáë=mìÄäáëÜÉêëK=
QNF=
^ååÉJdÉÉêíÉ=î~å=ÇÉ=dççêI=ENVVTFI= bÑÑÉÅíë=çÑ=oÉÖìä~íáçå=çå=aáë~Äáäáíó=aìê~íáçåK=f`p=ÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=
ríêÉÅÜíK=
QOF=
_çêáë= _äìãÄÉêÖI= ENVVTFI= a~ë= j~å~ÖÉãÉåí= îçå= qÉÅÜåçäçÖáÉâççéÉê~íáçåÉåK= m~êíåÉêëìÅÜÉ= ìåÇ=
sÉêÜ~åÇäìåÖÉå= ãáí= ÇÉã= m~êíåÉê= ~ìë= bãéáêáëÅÜJqÜÉçêÉíáëÅÜÉê= mÉêëéÉâíáîÉK= f`p= ÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=
ríêÉÅÜíK==
QPF=
j~êáàâÉ=îçå=_ÉêÖÜI=ENVVTFI=iççéÄ~åÉå=î~å=çìÇÉêÉ=ïÉêâåÉãÉêëK=^ãëíÉêÇ~ãW=qÜÉëáë=mìÄäáëÜÉêëK=
QQF=
^åå~= mÉíê~= káÉÄçÉêI= ENVVTFI= iáÑÉJbîÉåíë= ~åÇ= tÉääJ_ÉáåÖW= ^= mêçëéÉÅíáîÉ= píìÇó= çå= `Ü~åÖÉë= áå=
tÉääJ_ÉáåÖ= çÑ= bäÇÉêäó= mÉçéäÉ= aìÉ= íç= ~= pÉêáçìë= fääåÉëë= bîÉåí= çê= aÉ~íÜ= çÑ= íÜÉ= péçìëÉK=
^ãëíÉêÇ~ãW=qÜÉëáë=mìÄäáëÜÉêëK=
QRF=
g~ÅèìÉë= káÉÜçÑI= ENVVTFI= oÉëçìêÅÉë= ~åÇ= pçÅá~ä= oÉéêçÇìÅíáçåW= qÜÉ= bÑÑÉÅíë= çÑ= `ìäíìê~ä= ~åÇ=
j~íÉêá~ä=oÉëçìêÅÉë=çå=bÇìÅ~íáçå~ä=~åÇ=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=`~êÉÉêë=áå=fåÇìëíêá~ä=k~íáçåë=~í=íÜÉ=båÇ=çÑ=
íÜÉ=qïÉåíáÉíÜ=`ÉåíìêóK=f`p=ÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=káàãÉÖÉåK==
QSF=
^êá~å~= kÉÉÇI= ENVVTFI= qÜÉ= háåÇêÉÇ= sçíÉK= fåÇáîáÇì~ä= ~åÇ= c~ãáäó= bÑÑÉÅíë= çÑ= pçÅá~ä= `ä~ëë= ~åÇ=
oÉäáÖáçå=çå=bäÉÅíçê~ä=`Ü~åÖÉ=áå=íÜÉ=kÉíÜÉêä~åÇëI=NVRSJNVVQK=f`p=ÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=káàãÉÖÉåK=
QTF=
gáã=^ääÉåI=ENVVTFI= pÉÅíçê= `çãéçëáíáçå=~åÇ=íÜÉ=bÑÑÉÅí= çÑ=bÇìÅ~íáçå=çå= t~ÖÉëW= ~å=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=
`çãé~êáëçåK=^ãëíÉêÇ~ãW=qÜÉëáë=mìÄäáëÜÉêëK=
QUF=
g~Åâ= _KcK= eìííÉåI= ENVVUFI= tçêâäç~Ç= ~åÇ= mêçîáëáçå= çÑ= `~êÉ= áå= dÉåÉê~ä= mê~ÅíáÅÉK= ^å= bãéáêáÅ~ä=
píìÇó= çÑ= íÜÉ= oÉä~íáçå= _ÉíïÉÉå= tçêâäç~Ç= çÑ= aìíÅÜ= dÉåÉê~ä= mê~ÅíáíáçåÉêë= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= `çåíÉåí= ~åÇ=
nì~äáíó=çÑ=íÜÉáê=`~êÉK=f`p=ÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=ríêÉÅÜíK=
NRP=
QVF=
mÉê= _K= hêçééI= ENVVUFI= _ÉêìÑëÉêÑçäÖ= áã= qê~åëÑçêã~íáçåëéêçòÉ≈K= báåÉ= íÜÉçêÉíáëÅÜJÉãéáêáëÅÜÉ=
píìÇáÉ=ΩÄÉê=ÇáÉ=dÉïáååÉê=ìåÇ=sÉêäáÉêÉê=ÇÉê=tÉåÇÉ=áå=lëíÇÉìíëÅÜä~åÇK=f`p=ÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=ríêÉÅÜíK=
RMF=
j~~êíÉå= eKgK= tçäÄÉêëI= ENVVUFI= aáéäçã~JáåÑä~íáÉ= Éå= îÉêÇêáåÖáåÖ= çé= ÇÉ= ~êÄÉáÇëã~êâíK= bÉå= ëíìÇáÉ=
å~~ê=çåíïáââÉäáåÖÉå=áå=ÇÉ=çéÄêÉåÖëíÉå=î~å=Çáéäçã~Dë=áå=kÉÇÉêä~åÇK=f`p=ÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=káàãÉÖÉåK=
RNF=
táäã~= pãÉÉåâI= ENVVUFI= lééçêíìåáíó= ~åÇ= j~êêá~ÖÉK= qÜÉ= fãé~Åí= çÑ= fåÇáîáÇì~ä= oÉëçìêÅÉë= ~åÇ=
j~êêá~ÖÉ=j~êâÉí=píêìÅíìêÉ=çå=cáêëí=j~êêá~ÖÉ=qáãáåÖ=~åÇ=m~êíåÉê=`ÜçáÅÉ=áå=íÜÉ=kÉíÜÉêä~åÇëK=f`p=
ÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=káàãÉÖÉåK=
ROF=
j~êáåìë= péêÉÉåI= ENVVVFI= p~ãéäáåÖ= mÉêëçå~ä= kÉíïçêâ= píêìÅíìêÉëW= pí~íáëíáÅ~ä= fåÑÉêÉåÅÉ= áå= bÖçJ
dê~éÜëK=f`p=ÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=dêçåáåÖÉåK=
RPF=
sáåÅÉåí=_ìëâÉåëI=ENVVVFI=pçÅá~ä=kÉíïçêâë=~åÇ=qêìëíK=f`p=ÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=ríêÉÅÜíK=
RQF
pìë~ååÉ= oáàâÉåI= ENVVVFI= bÇìÅ~íáçå~ä= bñé~åëáçå= ~åÇ= pí~íìë= ^íí~áåãÉåíK= ^= `êçëëJk~íáçå~ä= ~åÇ=
lîÉêJqáãÉ=`çãé~êáëçåK=f`p=ÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=ríêÉÅÜíK=
RRF
j¨êçîÉ=dáàëÄÉêíëI=ENVVVFI= qÜÉ=iÉÖáíáã~íáçå=çÑ=fåÉèì~äáíó=áå=pí~íÉJpçÅá~äáëí=~åÇ=j~êâÉí=pçÅáÉíáÉëI=
NVUTJNVVSK=f`p=ÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=ríêÉÅÜíK=
RSF
dÉêÜ~êÇ= dK= s~å= ÇÉ= _ìåíI= ENVVVFI= cêáÉåÇë= Äó= `ÜçáÅÉK= ^å= ^ÅíçêJlêáÉåíÉÇ= pí~íáëíáÅ~ä= kÉíïçêâ=
jçÇÉä=Ñçê=cêáÉåÇëÜáé=kÉíïçêâë=qÜêçìÖÜ=qáãÉK=f`p=ÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=dêçåáåÖÉåK=
RTF
oçÄÉêí=qÜçãëçåI=ENVVVFI= qÜÉ=m~êíó=j~åÇ~íÉW=bäÉÅíáçå=mäÉÇÖÉë=~åÇ=dçîÉêåãÉåí=^Åíáçåë=áå=íÜÉ=
kÉíÜÉêä~åÇëI=NVUSJNVVUK=^ãëíÉêÇ~ãW=qÜÉä~=qÜÉëáëK=
RUF
`çêáåÉ= _~~êÇ~I= ENVVVFI= mçäáíáÉâÉ= ÄÉëäìáíÉå= Éå= ÄçÉêÉå= ÄÉëäáëëáåÖÉåK= eÉí= Çê~~Öîä~â= î~å= ÜÉí=
ãÉëíÄÉäÉáÇ=íçí=OMMMK=f`p=ÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=dêçåáåÖÉåK=
RVF
o~Ñ~Éä=táííÉâI=ENVVVFI= fåíÉêÇÉéÉåÇÉåÅÉ=~åÇ=fåÑçêã~ä=`çåíêçä=áå=lêÖ~åáò~íáçåëK=f`p=ÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=
dêçåáåÖÉåK=
SMF
aá~åÉ= m~óåÉI= ENVVVFI= mçäáÅó= j~âáåÖ= áå= íÜÉ= bìêçéÉ~å= råáçåW= ~å= ^å~äóëáë= çÑ= íÜÉ= fãé~Åí= çÑ= íÜÉ=
oÉÑçêã=çÑ=íÜÉ=píêìÅíìê~ä=cìåÇë=áå=fêÉä~åÇK=f`p=ÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=dêçåáåÖÉåK=
SNF
oÉå¨=sÉÉåëíê~I=ENVVVFI= iÉÉêäáåÖÉå=J=hä~ëëÉå=J=pÅÜçäÉåK=mêÉëí~íáÉë=Éå=îçêÇÉêáåÖÉå=î~å=äÉÉêäáåÖÉå=
áå=ÜÉí=îççêíÖÉòÉí=çåÇÉêïáàëK=^ãëíÉêÇ~ãI=qÜÉä~=qÜÉëáëK=
SOF
j~êàçäÉáå= ^ÅÜíÉêâ~ãéI= ENVVVFI= fåÑäìÉåÅÉ= píê~íÉÖáÉë= áå= `çääÉÅíáîÉ= aÉÅáëáçå= j~âáåÖK= ^=
`çãé~êáëçå=çÑ=qïç=jçÇÉäëK=f`p=ÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=dêçåáåÖÉåK=
SPF
mÉíÉê= jΩÜä~ìI= EOMMMFI= qÜÉ= dçîÉêå~åÅÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= bãéäçóãÉåí= oÉä~íáçåK= ^= oÉä~íáçå~ä= páÖå~äáåÖ=
mÉêëéÉÅíáîÉK=f`p=ÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=dêçåáåÖÉåK=
SQF
^ÖåÉë= ^ââÉêã~åI= EOMMMFI= sÉêÇÉÉäÇÉ= î~âÄÉïÉÖáåÖ= Éå= ëí~âáåÖÉåK= `çåÅìêêÉåíáÉ= çã= äÉÇÉåK= f`p=
ÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=dêçåáåÖÉåK=
SRF
p~åÇê~= î~å= qÜáÉäI= EOMMMFI= nì~åÖçÅê~íáò~íáçåW= qêÉåÇëI= `~ìëÉë= ~åÇ= `çåëÉèìÉåÅÉëK= f`p=
ÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=ríêÉÅÜíK=
SSF
oìÇá=qìêâëÉã~I=EOMMMFI=pìééäó=çÑ=a~ó=`~êÉK=f`p=ÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=ríêÉÅÜíK=
STF
póäîá~= bK= hçêìéé= EOMMMFI= jçíÜÉêë= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= mêçÅÉëë= çÑ= pçÅá~ä= píê~íáÑáÅ~íáçåK= f`p= ÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=
ríêÉÅÜíK=
SUF
_Éêå~êÇ=^K=káàëí~Ç=EOMMMFI= eçï=íÜÉ= dêçìé=^ÑÑÉÅíë=íÜÉ=jáåÇW=bÑÑÉÅíë=çÑ=`çããìåáÅ~íáçå=áå=fÇÉ~=
NRQ=
dÉåÉê~íáåÖ=dêçìéëK=f`p=ÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=ríêÉÅÜíK=
SVF
fåÖÉ= cK= ÇÉ= tçäÑ= EOMMMFI= léäÉáÇáåÖëëéÉÅá~äáë~íáÉ= Éå= ~êÄÉáÇëã~êâíëìÅÅÉë= î~å= ëçÅá~äÉ=
ïÉíÉåëÅÜ~ééÉêëK=f`p=ÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=ríêÉÅÜíK=
TMF
g~å=hê~íòÉê=EOMMNFI= `çããìåáÅ~íáçå=~åÇ=mÉêÑçêã~åÅÉW=^å=bãéáêáÅ~ä=píìÇó=áå=fååçî~íáçå=qÉ~ãëK=
f`pJÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=dêçåáåÖÉåK=
TNF
j~ÇÉäçå=hêçåÉã~å=EOMMNFI= eÉ~äíÜÅ~êÉ=póëíÉãë=~åÇ=eçëéáí~ä=_ÉÇ=rëÉK=f`pLkfsbiJÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=
ríêÉÅÜíK=
TOF
eÉêã~å= î~å= ÇÉ= tÉêÑÜçêëí= EOMMNFI= cáÉäÇ= çÑ= píìÇó= ~åÇ= pçÅá~ä= fåÉèì~äáíóK= cçìê= qóéÉë= çÑ=
bÇìÅ~íáçå~ä= oÉëçìêÅÉë= áå= íÜÉ= mêçÅÉëë= çÑ= píê~íáÑáÅ~íáçå= áå= íÜÉ= kÉíÜÉêä~åÇëK= f`pJÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=
káàãÉÖÉåK=
TPF
q~ã•ë=_~êíìë=EOMMNFI= pçÅá~ä=`~éáí~ä=~åÇ=b~êåáåÖë=fåÉèì~äáíáÉëK=qÜÉ=oçäÉ=çÑ=fåÑçêã~ä=gçÄ=pÉ~êÅÜ=
áå=eìåÖ~êóK=f`pJÇáëëÉêí~íáçå=dêçåáåÖÉåK=
TQF
eÉëíÉê=jçÉêÄÉÉâ=EOMMNFI= cêáÉåÇë=~åÇ=cçÉë=áå=íÜÉ=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=`~êÉÉêK=qÜÉ=fåÑäìÉåÅÉ=çÑ=pïÉÉí=
~åÇ=pçìê=pçÅá~ä=`~éáí~ä=çå=íÜÉ=i~Äçìê=j~êâÉíK=f`pJÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=káàãÉÖÉåK=
TRF
j~êÅÉä= î~å= ^ëëÉå= EOMMNFI= bëë~óë= çå= ^Åíçê= mÉêëéÉÅíáîÉë= áå= bñÅÜ~åÖÉ= kÉíïçêâë= ~åÇ= pçÅá~ä=
aáäÉãã~ëK=f`pJÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=dêçåáåÖÉåK=
TSF
fåÖÉ= páÉÄÉå= EOMMNFI= páÄäáåÖ= páãáä~êáíáÉë= ~åÇ= pçÅá~ä= píê~íáÑáÅ~íáçåK= qÜÉ= fãé~Åí= çÑ= c~ãáäó=
_~ÅâÖêçìåÇ=~Åêçëë=`çìåíêáÉë=~åÇ=`çÜçêíëK=f`pJÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=káàãÉÖÉåK=
TTF
^äáåÇ~= î~å= _êìÖÖÉå= EOMMNFI= fåÇáîáÇì~ä= mêçÇìÅíáçå= çÑ= pçÅá~ä= tÉääJ_ÉáåÖK= ^å= bñéäçê~íçêó= píìÇóK=
f`pJÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=dêçåáåÖÉåK=
TUF
j~êÅÉä= `çÉåÇÉêë= EOMMNFI= k~íáçå~äáëíáÅ= ^ííáíìÇÉë= ~åÇ= bíÜåáÅ= bñÅäìëáçåáëã= áå= ~= `çãé~ê~íáîÉ=
mÉêëéÉÅíáîÉW=^å=bãéáêáÅ~ä=píìÇó=çÑ=^ííáíìÇÉë=qçï~êÇ=íÜÉ=`çìåíêó=~åÇ=bíÜåáÅ=fããáÖê~åíë=áå=OO=
`çìåíêáÉëK=f`pJÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=káàãÉÖÉåK=
TVF
j~êÅÉä= iìÄÄÉêë= EOMMNFI= bñÅäìëáçåáëíáÅ= bäÉÅíçê~íÉëK= bñíêÉãÉ= oáÖÜíJtáåÖ= sçíáåÖ= áå= tÉëíÉêå=
bìêçéÉI=f`pJÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=káàãÉÖÉåK=
UMF
rïÉ=j~íò~í=EOMMNFI=pçÅá~ä=kÉíïçêâë=~åÇ=`ççéÉê~íáçå=áå=bäÉÅíêçåáÅ=`çããìåáíáÉëK=^=íÜÉçêÉíáÅ~äJ
ÉãéáêáÅ~ä= ^å~äóëáë= çÑ= ^Å~ÇÉãáÅ= `çããìåáÅ~íáçå= ~åÇ= = fåíÉêåÉí= aáëÅìëëáçå= dêçìéëI= f`pJ
ÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=dêçåáåÖÉåK=
UNF
g~ÅèìÉë= mKdK= g~åëëÉå= EOMMOFI= aç= lééçëáíÉë= ^ííê~Åí= aáîçêÅÉ\= aáãÉåëáçåë= çÑ= jáñÉÇ= j~êêá~ÖÉ=
~åÇ=íÜÉ=oáëâ=çÑ=aáîçêÅÉ=áå=íÜÉ=kÉíÜÉêä~åÇëI=f`pJÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=káàãÉÖÉåK=
UOF
jáê~åÇ~= g~åëÉå= EOMMOFI= t~~êÇÉåçêáØåí~íáÉë= Éå= é~êíåÉêêÉä~íáÉëK= bÉå= é~åÉäëíìÇáÉ= å~~ê=
ïÉÇÉêòáàÇëÉ=áåîäçÉÇÉåI=f`pJÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=ríêÉÅÜíK=
UPF
^ååÉ= oáÖí= mççêíã~å= EOMMOFI= pçÅáçÉÅçåçãáÅ= `~ìëÉë= ~åÇ= `çåëÉèìÉåÅÉë= çÑ= aáîçêÅÉK= f`pJ
ÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=ríêÉÅÜíK=
UQF
^äÉñ~åÇÉê=d~ííáÖ=EOMMOFI=fåíÉêíÉãéçê~ä=aÉÅáëáçå=j~âáåÖI=f`pJÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=dêçåáåÖÉåK=
URF
dÉêêáí=oççâë=EOMMOFI= `çåíê~Åí=Éå=`çåÑäáÅíW=píê~íÉÖáëÅÜ=j~å~ÖÉãÉåí=î~å=fåâççéíê~åë~ÅíáÉëI= f`pJ
ÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=ríêÉÅÜíK=
USF
h•êçäó=q~â•Åë=EOMMOFI=pçÅá~ä=kÉíïçêâë=~åÇ=fåíÉêÖêçìé=`çåÑäáÅíK=f`pJÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=dêçåáåÖÉåK=
NRR=
UTF
qÜçã~ë= d~ìíëÅÜá= EOMMOFI= qêìëí= ~åÇ= bñÅÜ~åÖÉI= bÑÑÉÅíë= çÑ= qÉãéçê~ä= bãÄÉÇÇÉÇåÉëë= ~åÇ=
kÉíïçêâ=bãÄÉÇÇÉÇåÉëë=çå=mêçîáÇáåÖ=~åÇ=aáîáÇáåÖ=~=pìêéäìëK=f`pJÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=ríêÉÅÜíK=
UUF
eáäÇÉ= _ê~ë= EOMMOFI= wÉÉìïëÉ= ãÉáÇÉåK= aáÉåÉå= áå= ÇÉ= äÉîÉåëäççé= î~å= îêçìïÉåI= Å~K= NURM= Ó= NVRMK=
^âë~åí=^Å~ÇÉãáÅ=mìÄäáëÜÉêëI=^ãëíÉêÇ~ãK=
UVF
jÉêáàå=oÉåÖÉêë=EOMMOFI= bÅçåçãáÅ=iáîÉë=çÑ=^êíáëíëK=píìÇáÉë=áåíç=`~êÉÉêë=~åÇ=íÜÉ=i~Äçìê=j~êâÉí=
áå=íÜÉ=`ìäíìê~ä=pÉÅíçêI=f`pJÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=ríêÉÅÜíK=
VMF
^ååÉäáÉë= h~ëëÉåÄÉêÖ= EOMMOFI= t~í= ëÅÜçäáÉêÉå= ÄáåÇíK= pçÅá~äÉ= ÖÉãÉÉåëÅÜ~é= áå= ëÅÜçäÉåI= f`pJ
ÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=dêçåáåÖÉå=
VNF
j~êÅ= sÉêÄççêÇ= EOMMPFI= jçÉí= ÇÉ= ãÉÉëíÉê= Ç~äÉå= çÑ= ÇÉ= äÉÉêäáåÖ= âäáããÉå\= aÉ= áåîäçÉÇ= î~å=
äáíÉê~íììêçåÇÉêïáàë=Éå= çìÇÉêë=çé=ÜÉí=äÉòÉå= î~å=ÄçÉâÉå=íìëëÉå=NVTR=Éå=OMMMK=f`pJÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=
ríêÉÅÜíK=
VOF
j~êÅÉä= î~å= bÖãçåÇ= EOMMPFI= o~áå=c~ääë= çå=^ää= çÑ=rë= EÄìí=pçãÉ=j~å~ÖÉ= íç=dÉí=jçêÉ=tÉí=
íÜ~å=líÜÉêëFW=mçäáíáÅ~ä=`çåíÉñí=~åÇ=bäÉÅíçê~ä=m~êíáÅáé~íáçåK=f`pJÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=káàãÉÖÉåK=
VPF
gìëíáåÉ= eçêÖ~å= EOMMPFI= eáÖÜ= mÉêÑçêã~åÅÉ= eìã~å= oÉëçìêÅÉ= j~å~ÖÉãÉåí= áå= fêÉä~åÇ= ~åÇ= íÜÉ=
kÉíÜÉêä~åÇëW==^Ççéíáçå=~åÇ=bÑÑÉÅíáîÉåÉëëK=f`pJÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=dêçåáåÖÉåK=
VQF
`çêáåÉ=eçÉÄÉå=EOMMPFI=ibqpD=_É=~=`çããìåáíóK=`çããìåáíó=áå=içÅ~ä=bñÅÜ~åÖÉ=qê~ÇáåÖ=póëíÉãëK=
f`pJÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=dêçåáåÖÉåK=
VRF
`Üêáëíá~å= píÉÖäáÅÜ= EOMMPFI= qÜÉ= cê~ãáåÖ= çÑ= aÉÅáëáçå= páíì~íáçåëK= ^ìíçã~íáÅ= dç~ä= pÉäÉÅíáçå= ~åÇ=
o~íáçå~ä=dç~ä=mìêëìáíK=f`pJÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=dêçåáåÖÉåK=
VSF
=gçÜ~å=î~å=táäëÉã=EOMMPFI= `êáãÉ=~åÇ=`çåíÉñíK=qÜÉ=fãé~Åí=çÑ=fåÇáîáÇì~äI=kÉáÖÜÄçêÜççÇI=`áíó=~åÇ=
`çìåíêó=`Ü~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅë=çå=sáÅíáãáò~íáçåK=f`pJÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=káàãÉÖÉåK=
VTF
`Üêáëíá~~å= jçåÇÉå= EOMMPFI= bÇìÅ~íáçåI= fåÉèì~äáíó= ~åÇ= eÉ~äíÜK= qÜÉ= fãé~Åí= çÑ= m~êíåÉêë= ~åÇ= iáÑÉ=
`çìêëÉK=f`pJÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=káàãÉÖÉåK=
VUF
=bîÉäóå= eÉääç= EOMMPFI= bÇìÅ~íáçå~ä= ^íí~áåãÉåí= ~åÇ= bíÜåáÅ= ^ííáíìÇÉëK= eçï= íç= bñéä~áå= íÜÉáê=
oÉä~íáçåëÜáéK=f`pJÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=káàãÉÖÉåK=
VVF
=j~êåáñ=`êçÉë=Éå=mÉíÉê=q~ããÉë=EOMMQFI= dáÑ=ä~íÉå=ïáà=åáÉí=îççêíÄÉëí~~åK=bÉå=çåÇÉêòçÉâ=å~~ê=ÇÉ=
çîÉêäÉîáåÖëâ~åëÉå= î~å= àçÇÉå= áå= ÇÉ= kÉÇÉêä~åÇëÉ= ÖÉãÉÉåíÉåI= NVQMJNVQRK= ^âë~åí= ^Å~ÇÉãáÅ=
mìÄäáëÜÉêëI=^ãëíÉêÇ~ã=
NMMF fåÉâÉ=k~ÖÉä=EOMMQFI=`ìäíììêÇÉÉäå~ãÉ=áå=ÇÉ=äÉîÉåëäççéK=f`pJ=ÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=ríêÉÅÜíK=
NMNF j~êáÉâÉ=î~å=ÇÉê=t~ä=EOMMQFI= `çãéÉíÉåÅáÉë=íç=m~êíáÅáé~íÉ=áå=iáÑÉK=jÉ~ëìêÉãÉåí=~åÇ=íÜÉ=fãé~Åí=
çÑ=pÅÜççäK=f`pJÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=dêçåáåÖÉåK=
NMOF sáîá~å=jÉÉêíÉåë=EOMMQFI= aÉéêÉëëáîÉ=póãéíçãë=áå=íÜÉ=dÉåÉê~ä=mçéìä~íáçåW=~=jìäíáÑ~Åíçêá~ä=pçÅá~ä=
^ééêç~ÅÜK=f`p=JÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=káàãÉÖÉåK==
NMPF= e~ååÉâÉ= pÅÜììêã~åë= EOMMQFI= mêçãçíáåÖ= tÉääJ_ÉáåÖ= áå= cê~áä= bäÇÉêäó= mÉçéäÉK= qÜÉçêó= ~åÇ=
fåíÉêîÉåíáçåK=f`pJÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=dêçåáåÖÉåK=
NMQF= g~îáÉê= ^êêÉÖìá= EOMMQFI= kÉÖçíá~íáçå= áå= iÉÖáëä~íáîÉ= aÉÅáëáçåJj~âáåÖ= áå= íÜÉ= bìêçéÉ~å= råáçåK= f`pJ
ÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=dêçåáåÖÉåK=
NMRF= q~ã~ê= cáëÅÜÉê= EOMMQFI= m~êÉåí~ä= aáîçêÅÉI= `çåÑäáÅí= ~åÇ= oÉëçìêÅÉëK= qÜÉ= bÑÑÉÅíë= çå= `ÜáäÇêÉåÛë=
NRS=
_ÉÜ~îáçìê= mêçÄäÉãëI= pçÅáçÉÅçåçãáÅ= ^íí~áåãÉåíI= ~åÇ= qê~åëáíáçåë= áå= íÜÉ= aÉãçÖê~éÜáÅ= `~êÉÉêK=
f`pJÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI==káàãÉÖÉåK=
NMSF=oÉå¨=_ÉââÉêë=EOMMQFI= dáîáåÖ=~åÇ=sçäìåíÉÉêáåÖ=áå=íÜÉ=kÉíÜÉêä~åÇëW=pçÅáçäçÖáÅ~ä=~åÇ=mëóÅÜçäçÖáÅ~ä=
mÉêëéÉÅíáîÉëK=f`pJÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=ríêÉÅÜíK=
NMTF=oÉå¨É=î~å=ÇÉê=eìäëí=EOMMQFI= dÉåÇÉê=aáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë=áå=tçêâéä~ÅÉ=^ìíÜçêáíóW=^å=bãéáêáÅ~ä=píìÇó=çå=
pçÅá~ä=kÉíïçêâëK==f`pJÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=dêçåáåÖÉåK=
NMUF=oáí~=pã~åáçííç=EOMMQFI= Úvçì=pÅê~íÅÜ=jó=_~Åâ=~åÇ=f=pÅê~íÅÜ=vçìêëÛ=sÉêëìë=ÚiçîÉ=qÜó=kÉáÖÜÄçìêÛK=
qïç=mêçñáã~íÉ=jÉÅÜ~åáëãë=çÑ=oÉÅáéêçÅ~ä=^äíêìáëãK=f`pJÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=dêçåáåÖÉåK=
NMVF=j~ìêáÅÉ=dÉëíÜìáòÉå=EOMMQFI= qÜÉ=iáÑÉJ`çìêëÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=içïJbÇìÅ~íÉÇ=áå=íÜÉ=kÉíÜÉêä~åÇëW=pçÅá~ä=~åÇ=
bÅçåçãáÅ=oáëâëK=f`pJÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=káàãÉÖÉåK=
NNMF= `~êäáàåÉ= mÜáäáéë= EOMMRFI= s~â~åíáÉÖÉãÉÉåëÅÜ~ééÉåK= hï~äáí~íáÉÑ= Éå= hï~åíáí~íáÉÑ= låÇÉêòçÉâ= å~~ê=
dÉäÉÖÉåÜÉáÇ==Éå=oÉÑêÉëÜÉêÖÉãÉÉåëÅÜ~é=íáàÇÉåë=ÇÉ=s~â~åíáÉK=f`pJÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=dêçåáåÖÉåK=
NNNF=bëíÜÉê=ÇÉ=oìáàíÉê=EOMMRFI=eçìëÉÜçäÇ=lìíëçìêÅáåÖK=f`pJÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=ríêÉÅÜíK=
NNOF=cê~åâ=î~å=qìÄÉêÖÉå=EOMMRFI= qÜÉ=fåíÉÖê~íáçå=çÑ=fããáÖê~åíë=áå=`êçëëJk~íáçå~ä=mÉêëéÉÅíáîÉW=lêáÖáåI=
aÉëíáå~íáçåI=~åÇ=`çããìåáíó=bÑÑÉÅíëK=f`pJÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=ríêÉÅÜíK=
NNPF= cÉêêó= hçëíÉê= EOMMRFI= cçê= íÜÉ= qáãÉ= _ÉáåÖK= ^ÅÅçìåíáåÖ= Ñçê= fåÅçåÅäìëáîÉ= cáåÇáåÖë= `çåÅÉêåáåÖ= íÜÉ=
bÑÑÉÅíë= çÑ= qÉãéçê~êó= bãéäçóãÉåí= oÉä~íáçåëÜáéë= çå= pçäáÇ~êó= _ÉÜ~îáçê= çÑ= bãéäçóÉÉëK= f`pJ
ÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=dêçåáåÖÉåK=
NNQF= `~êçäáÉå= häÉáå= e~~êÜìáë= EOMMRFI= mêçãçíáåÖ= ^åíáJ`çêêìéíáçå= oÉÑçêãëK= bî~äì~íáåÖ= íÜÉ=
fãéäÉãÉåí~íáçå= çÑ= ~= tçêäÇ= _~åâ= ^åíáJ`çêêìéíáçå= mêçÖê~ã= áå= pÉîÉå=^ÑêáÅ~å= `çìåíêáÉë= ENVVVJ
OMMNFK=f`pJÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=ríêÉÅÜíK=
NNRF= j~êíáå= î~å= ÇÉê= d~~Ö= EOMMRFI= jÉ~ëìêÉãÉåí= çÑ= fåÇáîáÇì~ä= pçÅá~ä= `~éáí~äK= f`pJÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=
dêçåáåÖÉåK=
NNSF= gçÜ~å= e~åëÉå= EOMMRFI= pÜ~éáåÖ= `~êÉÉêë= çÑ= jÉå= ~åÇ= tçãÉå= áå= lêÖ~åáò~íáçå~ä= `çåíÉñíëK= f`pJ
ÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=ríêÉÅÜíK=
NNTF=a~îáÇÉ=_~êêÉê~=EOMMRFI=qêìëí=áå=bãÄÉÇÇÉÇ=pÉííáåÖëK=f`pJÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=ríêÉÅÜíK=
NNUF= j~ííáàë= i~ãÄççáà= EOMMRFI= mêçãçíáåÖ= `ççéÉê~íáçåK= píìÇáÉë= áåíç= íÜÉ= bÑÑÉÅíë= çÑ= içåÖJqÉêã= ~åÇ=
pÜçêíJqÉêã=oÉï~êÇë=çå=`ççéÉê~íáçå=çÑ=bãéäçóÉÉëK=f`pJÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=ríêÉÅÜíK=
NNVF=içííÉ=sÉêãÉáà=EOMMSFI= tÜ~íÛë=`ççâáåÖ\=`ìäíìê~ä=_çìåÇ~êáÉë=~ãçåÖ=aìíÅÜ=qÉÉå~ÖÉêë=çÑ=aáÑÑÉêÉåí=
bíÜåáÅ=lêáÖáåë=áå=íÜÉ=`çåíÉñí=çÑ=pÅÜççäK=f`pJÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=ríêÉÅÜíK=
NOMF= j~íÜáäÇÉ= píê~íáåÖ= EOMMSFI= c~ÅáåÖ= íÜÉ= `Ü~ääÉåÖÉ= çÑ= oÜÉìã~íçáÇ= ^êíÜêáíáëK= ^= NPJóÉ~ê= mêçëéÉÅíáîÉ=
píìÇó= ~ãçåÖ= m~íáÉåíë= ~åÇ= `êçëëJpÉÅíáçå~ä= píìÇó= ~ãçåÖ= qÜÉáê= m~êíåÉêëK= f`pJÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=
dêçåáåÖÉåK=
NONF= g~ååÉë= ÇÉ= sêáÉë= EOMMSFI= jÉ~ëìêÉãÉåí= bêêçê= áå= c~ãáäó= _~ÅâÖêçìåÇ= s~êá~ÄäÉëW= qÜÉ= _á~ë= áå= íÜÉ=
fåíÉêÖÉåÉê~íáçå~ä= qê~åëãáëëáçå= çÑ= pí~íìëI= `ìäíìê~ä= `çåëìãéíáçåI= m~êíó= mêÉÑÉêÉåÅÉI= ~åÇ=
oÉäáÖáçëáíóK=f`pJÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=káàãÉÖÉåK=
NOOF= píÉÑ~å= qÜ~ì= EOMMSFI= tçêâéä~ÅÉ= aÉîá~åÅÉW= cçìê= píìÇáÉë= çå= bãéäçóÉÉ= jçíáîÉë= ~åÇ= pÉäÑJ
oÉÖìä~íáçåK=f`pJÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=dêçåáåÖÉåK=
NRT=
NOPF= jáêà~ã= mä~åíáåÖ~= EOMMSFI= bãéäçóÉÉ= jçíáî~íáçå= ~åÇ= bãéäçóÉÉ= mÉêÑçêã~åÅÉ= áå= `ÜáäÇ= `~êÉK= qÜÉ=
ÉÑÑÉÅíë=çÑ=íÜÉ=fåíêçÇìÅíáçå=çÑ=j~êâÉí=cçêÅÉë=çå=bãéäçóÉÉë=áå=íÜÉ=aìíÅÜ=`ÜáäÇJ`~êÉ=pÉÅíçêK=f`pJ
ÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=dêçåáåÖÉåK=
NOQF=eÉäÖ~=ÇÉ=s~äâ=EOMMSFI= m~íÜï~óë=áåíç=^ÇìäíÜççÇK=^=`çãé~ê~íáîÉ=píìÇó=çå=c~ãáäó=iáÑÉ=qê~åëáíáçåë=
~ãçåÖ=jáÖê~åí=~åÇ=aìíÅÜ=vçìíÜK=f`pJÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=ríêÉÅÜíK=
NORF= eÉåêáâÉ= bäòÉå= EOMMSFI= pÉäÑJj~å~ÖÉãÉåí= Ñçê= `ÜêçåáÅ~ääó= fää= läÇÉê= mÉçéäÉK= f`pJaáëëÉêí~íáçåI=
dêçåáåÖÉåK=
NOSF=^óëÉ=dΩîÉäá=EOMMTFI=kÉï=pçÅá~ä=`ä~ëëÉë=ïáíÜáå=íÜÉ=pÉêîáÅÉ=`ä~ëë=áå=íÜÉ=kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë=~åÇ=_êáí~áåK=
^ÇàìëíáåÖ= íÜÉ= bdm= `ä~ëë= pÅÜÉã~= Ñçê= íÜÉ= qÉÅÜåçÅê~íë= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= pçÅá~ä= ~åÇ= `ìäíìê~ä= péÉÅá~äáëíëK=
f`pJÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=káàãÉÖÉåK=
NOTF= táääÉãJg~å= sÉêÜçÉîÉå= EOMMTFI= fåÅçãÉ= ^íí~áåãÉåí= áå= mçëíJ`çããìåáëí= pçÅáÉíáÉëK= f`pJ
ÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=ríêÉÅÜíK=
NOUF=j~êáÉâÉ=sççêéçëíÉä=EOMMTFI=páÄäáåÖ=ëìééçêíW=qÜÉ=bñÅÜ~åÖÉ=çÑ=eÉäé=~ãçåÖ=_êçíÜÉêë=~åÇ=páëíÉêë=áå=
íÜÉ=kÉíÜÉêä~åÇëK=f`pJÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=ríêÉÅÜíK=
NOVF= g~ÅçÄ= aáàâëíê~= EOMMTFI= qÜÉ= bÑÑÉÅíë= çÑ= bñíÉêå~äáíáÉë= çå= m~êíåÉê= `ÜçáÅÉ= ~åÇ= m~óçÑÑë= áå= bñÅÜ~åÖÉ=
kÉíïçêâëK=f`pJÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=dêçåáåÖÉåK=
NPMF= m~íêáÅá~= î~å= bÅÜíÉäí= EOMMTFI= qáãÉJdêÉÉÇó= bãéäçóãÉåí= oÉä~íáçåëÜáéëW= cçìê= píìÇáÉë= çå= íÜÉ= qáãÉ=
`ä~áãë=çÑ=mçëíJcçêÇáëí=tçêâK=f`pJÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=dêçåáåÖÉåK=
NPNF= pçåà~= sçÖí= EOMMTFI= eÉíÉêçÖÉåÉáíó= áå= pçÅá~ä= aáäÉãã~ëW= qÜÉ= `~ëÉ= çÑ= pçÅá~ä= pìééçêíK= f`pJ
ÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=ríêÉÅÜíK=
NPOF=jáÅÜ~Éä=pÅÜïÉáåÄÉêÖÉê=EOMMTFI= pí~íáëíáÅ~ä=jÉíÜçÇë=Ñçê=píìÇóáåÖ=íÜÉ=bîçäìíáçå=çÑ=kÉíïçêâë=~åÇ=
_ÉÜ~îáçêK=f`pJÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=dêçåáåÖÉåK=
NPPF= fëíî•å=_~Åâ=EOMMTFI= `çããáíãÉåí= ~åÇ=bîçäìíáçåW=`çååÉÅíáåÖ=bãçíáçå=~åÇ= oÉ~ëçå= áå= içåÖJíÉêã=
oÉä~íáçåëÜáéëK=f`pJÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=dêçåáåÖÉåK=
NPQF= oìÄÉå= î~å= d~~äÉå= EOMMTFI= pçäáÇ~êáíó= ~åÇ= ^ãÄáî~äÉåÅÉ= áå= m~êÉåíJ`ÜáäÇ= oÉä~íáçåëÜáéëK= f`pJ
ÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=ríêÉÅÜíK=
NPRF=g~å=oÉáíëã~=EOMMTFI= oÉäáÖáçëáíó=~åÇ=pçäáÇ~êáíó=Ó=aáãÉåëáçåë=~åÇ=oÉä~íáçåëÜáéë=aáëÉåí~åÖäÉÇ=~åÇ=
qÉëíÉÇK=f`pJÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=káàãÉÖÉåK=
NPSF= g~å= hçêåÉäáë= aáàâëíê~= EOMMTFI= pí~íìë= ~åÇ= ^ÑÑÉÅíáçå= ~ãçåÖ= EmêÉF^ÇçäÉëÅÉåíë= ~åÇ= qÜÉáê= oÉä~íáçå=
ïáíÜ=^åíáëçÅá~ä=~åÇ=mêçëçÅá~ä=_ÉÜ~îáçêK=f`pJÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=dêçáåÖÉåK=
NPTF= tçìíÉê= î~å= dáäë= EOMMTFI= cìääJíáãÉ= tçêâáåÖ= `çìéäÉë= áå= íÜÉ= kÉíÜÉêä~åÇëK= `~ìëÉë= ~åÇ=
`çåëÉèìÉåÅÉëK=f`pJÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=káàãÉÖÉåK=
NPUF=aà~ãáä~=pÅÜ~åë=EOMMTFI=bíÜåáÅ=aáîÉêëáíó=áå=fåíÉêÖÉåÉê~íáçå~ä=pçäáÇ~êáíóK=f`pJÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=ríêÉÅÜíK=
NPVF= oììÇ= î~å= ÇÉê= jÉìäÉå= EOMMTFI= _êìÖ= çîÉê= tçÉäáÖ= t~íÉêW= iáÇã~~íëÅÜ~é= î~å= péçêíîÉêÉåáÖáåÖÉåI=
sêáÉåÇëÅÜ~ééÉåI=hÉååáëëÉåâêáåÖÉå=Éå=sÉê~äÖÉãÉÉåÇ=sÉêíêçìïÉåK=f`pJÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=káàãÉÖÉåK=
NQMF= ^åÇêÉ~= håÉÅÜí= EOMMUFI= cêáÉåÇëÜáé= pÉäÉÅíáçå= ~åÇ= cêáÉåÇëD= fåÑäìÉåÅÉK= aóå~ãáÅë= çÑ= kÉíïçêâë= ~åÇ=
^Åíçê=^ííêáÄìíÉë=áå=b~êäó=^ÇçäÉëÅÉåÅÉK=f`pJÇáëëÉêí~íáçåI=ríêÉÅÜíK=
NRU=