TLB-6500 Swept-Wavelength
Tunable Laser Systems
• All band test available with wavelengths at 980 nm, O band, and E+S band
• Fast 100-nm/s tuning reduces measurement and setup times
• >70-dB ASE low-noise version for testing high-performance components
Product Tutorial:
Building a SweptWavelength System.
See page 13.
The TLB-6500 family of lasers was designed
specifically for high-volume testing of high-performance WDM components and amplifier test,
and enables fast, high-resolution, low-noise
measurements. You can characterize components
over the entire C+L, E+S, O, and 980-nm
bands faster and more precisely than with an
OSA. The lasers offer 100-nm/s mode-hopfree tuning, 30-pm open-loop accuracy, and
rugged 24/7 reliability, and are available in
low-noise and high-power. For measurements
requiring high dynamic range, such as the
characterization of fiber-Bragg gratings, choose
the model extension -L. It offers greater than
70-dB ASE and an integrated dynamic range
of greater than 60 dB. For applications requiring
more power, choose the model extension -H.
With greater than 6 dBm of output power over
the entire tuning range, use these lasers to test
multiple devices, or multiple outputs of a single
device, simultaneously. With all configurations,
the fast 100-nm/s tuning allows you to observe
your components’ wavelength responses in real
time, so you can observe and measure critical
component adjustments during the manufacturing process.
To simplify operation, we’ve designed the
TLB-6500 with a language-independent iconbased interface for easy global deployment.
The controls are nearly as easy to use for
novice technicians as for experts. We’ve kept the
number of “clicks” to a minimum, so operators
can quickly and easily program, select, or even
step through a series of wavelengths. The revolutionary control pad detaches from the base
unit so each user can customize their workplace
for optimal convenience and productivity.
Use the Ethernet, RS-232, or GPIB (IEEE488) interfaces and a computer to set and
monitor parameters. The general-purpose
detector input on the back panel allows you
to implement digital-control algorithms. Analog
signals read through this input are digitized and
made available through the computer interface.
For more information on how our TLB-6500
tunable laser can enhance your system,
please contact our sales department at
[email protected].
Higher power and custom wavelengths are
available. Please contact our sales department
for information on the latest products at
[email protected].
The TLB-6500 lasers are covered by
U.S. Patent #5,319,668 and pending patents.
The control pad detaches from the base unit so
each user can customize their workplace for
optimal convenience and productivity.
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Lasers &
Instruments
0
Detectors,
Receivers &
Power Meters
Power, dB
–10
–20
–30
–40
–50
–60
1520
1530
1540
1550
1560
1570
1580
1590
1600
1610
1620
0
The New Focus™ TLB-6500 swept-wavelength tunable laser is ideal for in-process test alignment. This
measurement, showing both outputs of a 100-GHz interleaver, was taken in one second with 3-pm resolution
using a Model TLB-6500-H-CL. The detailed view demonstrates the high dynamic range of this system.
Traditional step-and-measure systems would take hours to measure even half of this range at one third of
the resolution.
Power, dB
–10
–20
–30
–40
–50
–60
1570
1571
1572
10
1600
8
6
1560
4
1540
2
1520
40
60
80
0
1520
100
1540
1560
1580
1600
1620
,
Time, s
Tuning linearity for the Model TLB-6500-L-CL.
This data was taken at 100-nm/s,
10-nm/s, and 1-nm/s.
,
Power stability over the entire
C+L tuning range.
C+L Band Laser
Carrier and ASE for Models
TLB-6500-L-CL and TLB-6500-H-CL.
E+S Band Laser
O Band Laser
980–nm
Band Laser
1425–1525 nm
1260–1340 nm
1260–1340 nm
960–995 nm
Absolute
Wavelength
Accuracy1
30 pm
30 pm
30 pm
30 pm
30 pm
30 pm
30 pm
Mode-Hop
Performance
Mode-Hop Free
Mode-Hop Free
Mode-Hop Free
Mode-Hop Free
Mode-Hop Free
Mode-Hop Free
Mode-Hop Free
Wavelength
Resolution2
0.1 pm
0.1 pm
0.1 pm
0.1 pm
0.1 pm
0.1 pm
0.1 pm
Tuning
Speed
1–100 nm/s
1–100 nm/s
1–100 nm/s
1–100 nm/s
1–100 nm/s
1–100 nm/s
1–100 nm/s
Output
Power
>+8 dBm
(1520–1620 nm)
>+3 dBm
(1560–1620 nm)
>0 dBm
(1520–1620 nm)
>+6 dBm
(1425–1525 nm)
>+1 dBm
(1460–1525 nm)
>–1 dBm
(1425–1525 nm)
>+6 dBm
(1260–1340 nm)
>+1 dBm
(1290–1340 nm)
>–1 dBm
(1260–1340 nm)
>+6 dBm
(960–995 nm)
Side-Mode
Suppression
Ratio7
>50 dB
>50 dB
>50 dB
>50 dB
>50 dB
>50 dB
>50 dB
Amplified
Spontaneous
Emission
(ASE)
>40 dB4
>45 dB4
(1520–1620 nm)
>70 dB4
>90 dB5
>40 dB4
>45 dB4
(1460–1525 nm)
>70 dB4
>90 dB5
>40 dB4
>45 dB4
(1290–1340 nm)
>70 dB4
>90 dB5
>35 dB4
>40 dB4
(965–990 nm)
Integrated
Dynamic
Range3
–
>55 dB6
>60 dB6,7
(1540–1620 nm)
–
>55 dB6
>60 dB6,7
(1460–1525 nm)
–
>55 dB6
>60 dB6,7
(1290–1340 nm)
–
Model #
TLB-6500-H-CL
TLB-6500-L-CL
TLB-6500-H-ES
TLB-6500-L-ES
TLB-6500-H-O
TLB-6500-L-O
TLB-6500-H-98
1 After wavelength recalibration (user-performed function).
2 1 pm in step mode.
3 Measurement taken at maximum rated power.
4 0.1-nm bandwidth, signal to max ASE, 1–3 nm from carrier.
5 0.2-nm bandwidth, signal to max ASE, >5 nm from carrier.
6 Signal to total ASE >0.5 nm from carrier.
7 Typical.
CAUTION: Viewing the laser output
with certain optical instruments (for
example, eye loupes, magnifiers, and
microscopes) within a distance of
100 mm may pose an eye hazard.
Glossary
Related Products: Power Meters (pages 56–59) n Photodetectors (pages 60–99)
Definitions of Characteristics (page 11)
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Application
Notes
1425–1525 nm
OEM
Solutions
1520–1620 nm
Optics
1520–1620 nm
Workstations &
Breadboards
Tuning
Range
Opto-Mechanical
Components
20
,
1580
,
Wavelength, nm
1620
Motion
Control
Wavelength, nm
0
Optical
Modulators &
Choppers
Wavelength, nm
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23
Tunable Laser Selection Guide
Whether you need a stand-alone benchtop unit or custom
OEM module, turn to the world’s leading supplier of tunable
lasers for test and measurement—New Focus™. We offer a
wide variety of lasers covering tuning ranges from 400 nm
to 2 µm, including swept-wavelength sources, narrowly tunable sources, and new cPCI/PXI module sources. Their
highly coherent, tunable output is ideal for applications
ranging from telecommunications to atomic and molecular
spectroscopy, interferometry, and metrology.
The TLM-8700
laser modules use
a new technology
to achieve 1-nm/s
to >1,000-nm/s
tuning speeds.
Tunable Lasers Currently Available
Our new TLB-7000-XP
lasers deliver >50 mW
at 780 and 850 nm.
Benchtop Lasers
Wavelengths
Covered
Mode-Hop-Free
Tuning Range
TLB-6000
400–420 nm,
630–2000 nm
Up to 80 GHz
TLB-6300
400–420 nm,
630–2000 nm
Up to 80 nm
TLB-6500*
1425–1620 nm,
1260–1340 nm,
960–995 nm
Up to 100 nm
TLB-7000
632.5–640 nm,
835–853 nm
150 GHz
TLB-7000-XP
767–781 nm,
840–853 nm
15 GHz
Module Lasers
Wavelengths
Covered
Mode-Hop-Free
Tuning Range
TLM-8700*
1460–1630 nm
>110 nm
*Custom wavelengths are also available. Call for pricing and lead times.
Available on our Web Site
For current off-the-shelf laser solutions,
visit www.newfocus.com.
Diagram of Laser Applications and Their Wavelength Regions
300 nm
400 nm
500 nm
600 nm
390–430 nm
Spectroscopy of
Ca, In, Rb.
630–700 nm
Spectroscopy of Ca, I,
Li, Sr88+; replacement
for stabilized HeNe;
interferometry; optical
data storage; holography.
700 nm
800 nm
710–795 nm
Spectroscopy of Fr, K,
Li, O2, Rb (D1 and D2);
magneto-optical traps
for atom cooling.
900 nm
1 µm
890–970 nm
Spectroscopy of Cs
(D1), H2O;
second-harmonic
generation.
795–890 nm
Spectroscopy of Ar,
Cs (D2); heterodyne
experiments; Raman
spectroscopy;
magneto-optical traps
for atom cooling.
1.1 µm
1.2 µm
970–1100 nm
Spectroscopy of He;
injection seeding of
Nd:YAG lasers;
telecommunications
pump bands; injection
seeding for terahertz
generation; secondharmonic generation.
Wavelengths from 405 nm–2.0 µm are currently available from New Focus.
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1.3 µm
1.4 µm
1.25–1.40 µm
Spectroscopy of Ar,
CH4 (methane), CO,
CO2, O2, water vapor;
telecommunications.
Lasers &
Instruments
The new TLM-8700 cPCI/PXI tunable laser
modules deliver ultrafast tuning of 1,000 nm/s
over more than 165 nm of tuning in the C-band.
They are easily integrated into the PXI platform
with our other modules (swept-wavelength
meter and power sensor).
1.6 µm
1.7 µm
1.8 µm
1.9 µm
2.0 µm
And, if you don’t see what you need, let our award-winning,
interdisciplinary engineering team work with you to design
lasers specifically for your application. With our ISO
9001:2000-compliant quality systems, we will manufacture
to your specs, on time, and with engineered cost savings.
We even have lasers in development for use in spacedeployed atomic clocks.
2.1 µm
2.2 µm
2.3 µm
2.4 µm
2.5 µm
Optics
1.5 µm
Workstations &
Breadboards
The TLB-6300 (Velocity™ laser) series is
ideal for FM locking, measuring polarizationmode dispersion, and nonlinear optics. The
980-nm model is useful for characterizing
EDFA pump components. New this year are
lasers that cover the wavelength
ranges from 1.6 to 2.0 µm
for environmental sensing.
For other wavelengths,
please contact us.
Opto-Mechanical
Components
The swept-wavelength TLB-6500 laser
family offers coverage across all key telecom
bands, low ASE, and an easy-to-use iconbased interface for telecomcomponent characterization
and fiber-sensing applications.
Motion
Control
The TLB-390X laser is ideal for DWDM telecom
test-and-measurement applications
requiring 20 mW of output power
across the C band.
Optical
Modulators &
Choppers
The new TLB-7000-XP laser offers a 5 to 10
times improvement in output powers at 780 and
850 nm. With greater than 50 mW of output power,
these lasers are ideal for atomic cooling and
clock experiments where you need more power.
Detectors,
Receivers &
Power Meters
The TLB-6000 (Vortex™ laser) series
consists of reasonably priced, builtto-order lasers with tuning
ranges up to 80 GHz—wide
enough for most absorption
spectra and metrology applications.
The TLB-7000 StableWave™ laser series
builds upon the popular TLB-6000 (Vortex™
laser) series offering improved performance at
633 nm and 852 nm with increased ruggedness—ideal for atomic-clock, cooling, metrology,
and phase-shifting-interferometry applications.
2.6 µm
OEM
Solutions
1.94–2.08 µm
Spectroscopy of CO2,
NH2, water vapor.
2.10–2.60 µm
Spectroscopy of CO,
N2O, CH4 (methane),
NH2, water vapor.
1.70–1.82 µm
Spectroscopy of
CH4 (methane), He,
NO, water vapor.
Application
Notes
1.48–1.67 µm
Spectroscopy of
acetylene, CH4
(methane), CO, CO2,
Kr, NH2, water vapor,
hydrocarbons;
telecommunications;
fiber-Bragg gratings
that measure
temperature, pressure,
and strain.
Glossary
For wavelengths above 2.0 µm please call for availability.
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Technical Note
New Focus™ Tunable Lasers
What’s Inside Our Tunable Lasers
The laser cavities in our external-cavity
diode laser (ECDL) systems and laser
modules are the result of many years of
experience in designing and manufacturing
tunable lasers. Their demonstrated quality
and reliability have helped make New
Focus the leading supplier of tunable
lasers for test and measurement.
All New Focus lasers start out as commercially available semiconductor-diode lasers.
These diodes typically operate with several
longitudinal modes lasing simultaneously,
leading to low coherence and large
linewidths. To ensure high coherence, we
anti-reflection (AR) coat the diodes so
they act only as gain elements. The diode
can then be placed in an external cavity
that contains wavelength-selective optics
so that only a single mode lases at any
given time.
Robust, Proprietary AR Coating for
Broad Wavelength Tunability
True single-mode tuning requires that
the optical feedback is dominated by the
external optics, not by reflections from
the diode facet. We use a proprietary ARcoating process to reduce residual diode
reflectivities to below 0.001—which guarantees true single-mode operation. This
process allows us to use nearly any available single-mode diode laser and achieve
low reflectivity over a broad wavelength
range. In addition, since the lifetime of an
ECDL is commonly limited by that of the
AR coating, our proprietary process ensures
that our coatings last.
Precision Mechanics Result
in a Laser with Truly Continuous,
Mode-Hop-Free Tuning
Laser Cavity Designs for
24/7 Reliability
Once the diode is coated, we place it in
an external laser cavity that is a modified
Littman-Metcalf configuration. In this cavity,
a grazing-incidence diffraction grating and
a tuning element provide all the necessary
dispersion for single-mode operation. In
addition, our cavity design allows modehop-free tuning. The wavelength in our
modified Littman-Metcalf laser is changed
by rotating the tuning element, which
changes the diffracted wavelength fed
back into the cavity. To prevent mode
hopping, the cavity length must be kept
at a constant number of wavelengths as
the laser tunes. This requires positioning
the pivot point around which the tuning
element rotates with sub-micron accuracy,
enabling us to produce lasers with no
mode hops.
Adding our extensive experience in manufacturing lasers and opto-mechanics to the
proprietary AR coating and unique cavity
design results in a robust and rugged laser
that can withstand rough handling and a
variety of environmental conditions. These
lasers surpass international shipping standards for shock and vibration and can
operate in environments with up to 80%
relative humidity from 15–35 ºC. This
means that they can survive the long-term,
24/7 use (and abuse) found on many
manufacturing floors.
Tight Environmental Control
for Narrow Linewidth
Once single-mode operation is established
by the optics in the external cavity, the
linewidth of the laser can be affected by
acoustic coupling and cavity-temperature
variations, each of which can change the
cavity length, and electrical-noise coupling,
which causes changes in the index of
refraction of the diode and in the piezo
length (also affecting the cavity length).
Every aspect of our laser design aims to
minimize these effects. For example, our
laser controllers feature current sources
with less than 100-nArms current noise in
a 1-MHz bandwidth.
Tuning
Element
Wavelength
Tuning
HR Coating
AR Coating
Laser-Diode Chip
Collimating Lens
Diffraction Grating
Laser Output
A modified Littman-Metcalf configuration.
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Absolute Wavelength Accuracy
Minimum Power
The maximum difference between the measured wavelength
and the displayed wavelength of the laser system.
The lowest power that the laser will output across its specified
tuning range when the current is set to its recommended operating
value. Due to changes in diode gain and cavity loss with wavelength, the laser’s output power is not constant as it tunes. (See
tuning curves on page 14.)
Amplified Spontaneous Emission (ASE)
The ratio of the optical power at the center of the laser linewidth
to the optical power at a given distance, as measured using an
optical spectrum analyzer with a set resolution bandwidth. (See
“Why is the Noise Spectrum Important?” on page 12.)
Output Power
The typical power that the laser will output across the entire
tuning range.
Coarse-Tuning Resolution
Power Repeatability
The smallest wavelength change you can make with the
coarse-tuning DC motor on the TLB-6300 laser.
The typical difference in power between scans for a given
wavelength.
Current-Modulation Bandwidth
The highest rate at which the laser diode’s current can be
changed. This is the 3-dB frequency of the direct-modulation
input located at the laser head.
Power Stability
Fine-Frequency Modulation Bandwidth
Side-Mode Suppression Ratio
The highest rate at which the fine-tuning PZT in the laser
cavity can modulate the laser frequency. The specified
bandwidth is for a 3-dB drop from a low-frequency baseline
under small-signal modulation.
The ratio of the carrier to the nearest side mode.
Fine-Frequency Tuning Range
The frequency range over which the laser can be piezoelectrically
tuned. (If λ is the wavelength of the laser and c is the speed of
light, the tuning range expressed in frequency, ∆ν, and wavelength, ∆λ, is related by ∆ν=c•∆λ/λ2. Keep in mind that 30 GHz
is equivalent to 1 cm–1.)
The maximum deviation in power as the laser sits at a specific
wavelength over a 1-hour period.
Tuning Range
The span of wavelengths over which the laser is guaranteed
to operate. For the TLB-6300 series, the laser may be able to
tune outside this range, but this may introduce mode hops.
Tuning Speed
The speed over which the laser can sweep over the entire
tuning range.
Typical Maximum Power
Integrated Dynamic Range
The ratio of the signal to the source emission, integrated over
all wavelengths. This is measured by observing the spectrum of
two cascaded fiber-Bragg gratings with a total rejection ratio
of >100 dB and a 0.8-nm window, and is a realistic expectation
of the dynamic range of your measurement. (See “Why is the
Noise Spectrum Important?” on page 12.)
Linewidth
The laser’s short-term frequency stability. It is measured using a
heterodyne beatnote that is recorded over a 50-ms interval. The
linewidth varies as a function of integration time. For a graph of
the measured frequency stability versus integration time, please
see the discussion on page 14.
The maximum output power you can expect over the laser’s
tuning range. Due to changes in diode gain and cavity loss with
wavelength, the laser’s output power is not constant as it tunes.
Wavelength Repeatability
The largest measured deviation that may occur when the laser
returns to a given set wavelength. This is a measure of how well
the laser returns to a set wavelength over many attempts and
when approached from different directions.
Wavelength Resolution
The smallest step the laser can tune.
Wavelength Stability
The maximum amount of drift the laser will exhibit over a
specified period of time and temperature variation.
Maximum Coarse-Tuning Speed
The highest guaranteed speed at which the TLB-6300 laser
can tune using the coarse-tuning DC motor. The actual maximum
coarse-tuning speed for individual systems may vary, but will
always be at least this fast.
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Definitions of Characteristics
New Focus™ Tunable Lasers
Why is the Noise Spectrum Important?
Increasing the Dynamic Range of Your Measurements
Understanding the noise spectrum of a laser is
important in making a purchase decision, since its
noise characteristics will limit the dynamic range
of your measurements. Yet it’s often hard to make
valid comparisons, because each company specifies
the noise differently. That’s why at New Focus we
specify our swept-wavelength lasers and laser
modules in a few different ways so that you can
make accurate comparisons with our competitors.
So when you’re comparing ASE or dynamic range
specifications, remember to ask:
First we specify the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) at two distances away from the carrier
by using an OSA at resolution bandwidths (RBWs)
of 0.1 nm and 0.2 nm. In addition, we specify the
signal-to-ASE ratio, integrated over all wavelengths.
This is especially important because receivers are
insensitive to wavelength and so integrate all the
incident power regardless of wavelength.
2) What is the integrated signal-to-noise ratio?
How far away was this measurement from the
carrier? Over what wavelength range? What
method was used?
We measure this integrated dynamic range by
observing the spectrum of two cascaded fiberBragg gratings with a total rejection ratio of
>100 dB and a 0.8-nm window. The fiber-Bragg
gratings reject the laser-carrier wavelength while
transmitting most of the ASE. The power meter
used to measure the ASE has a >90-dB dynamic
range. As the laser wavelength is scanned across
the fiber-Bragg gratings, the measured rejection
ratio is limited only by the noise spectrum of the
laser and is a measurement of the ratio of the signal
to the total integrated source emission outside the
0.8-nm bandwidth of the filter. This is the achievable wavelength-integrated dynamic range and is
a realistic expectation of what you’ll see in your lab.
1) Was the measurement taken with an OSA? If so,
what was the resolution bandwidth? How far away
from the carrier? Over what wavelength range?
NOTE: An OSA will slow down your measurement and is not
ideal for swept-wavelength measurements. Detection systems
should have bandwidths of a few 100 kHz.
Optical power transmission
through two matched narrownotch-filter fiber-Bragg-grating
reflectors measured with the
Model 6528-LN. The ratio of the
signal power to the total integrated
ASE-background power outside
the 0.8-nm filter width is >70 dB.
Optical Photoreceiver
or Power Sensor
TLB 6500
100.0 0
nm/s
Matched Fiber-Bragg Gratings
Schematic of an ASE measurement setup.
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A swept-wavelength system is similar to
the traditional step-and-measure system
in that you’ll need a tunable laser source,
the device you want to test, some optical
photoreceivers or power sensors (the
number depends on the number of output
ports in your device), and a data-acquisition and display system.
The key components to a swept-wavelength system are a tunable source, optical
photoreceivers, and a data-acquisition and
display system:
Tunable Source:
The most critical component in the system,
the source must be able to tune linearly
and mode-hop free over the wavelength
range. The accuracy of the measurement
is directly coupled to the linearity of the
laser sweep.
The swept-wavelength system differs from
the step-and-measure system only in the
specific requirements of the source and
photoreceivers. In the step-and-measure
system, the source is “stepped” through
the wavelength range, dwelling for a period
of time at a number of specified wavelengths while data is taken. In the sweptwavelength system, the source is tuned
continuously through the wavelength
range of interest at a constant speed.
Data is acquired continuously throughout
the sweep.
Converting dBm to mW
Optical power as measured in
dBm is the unit decibel (dB)
with respect to 1 mW:
dBm=10 log (Optical Power/1 mW)
For a quick reference, use the
following table.
Optical Photoreceivers:
Traditional power meters are too slow
for this technique so photoreceivers or
power sensors are the best choice. Be
sure you choose one with large enough
bandwidth to handle the fast sweep of the
TLB-6500 (like the Model 2011, page 62
or the Model 2103, page 60).
Data Acquisition and Display:
Data from the photoreceivers is sent into a
DAQ card and displayed on your computer.
Alternatively, the photoreceivers’ outputs
can be displayed directly on a multichannel
oscilloscope.
Computer with
DAQ Card
Optical Photoreceivers
or Power Sensors
TLB-6500
Tunable Source
100.0 0
Product Tutorial
Building a Swept-Wavelength System
Optical
Power
(dBm)
Optical
Power
(mW)
15
31.6
14
25.1
13
20.0
12
15.8
11
12.6
10
10.0
9
7.9
8
6.3
7
5.0
6
4.0
5
3.2
4
2.5
3
2.0
2
1.6
1
1.3
0
1.0
–1
0.79
–2
0.63
–3
0.50
–4
0.40
–5
0.32
–6
0.25
–7
0.20
–8
0.16
–9
0.13
–10
0.10
–11
0.08
–12
0.06
–13
0.05
–14
0.04
–15
0.03
nm/s
Interleaver
Schematic of a swept-wavelength system.
Review the following application notes describing the swept-wavelength method in more detail:
• Application Note 9: Swept-Wavelength Testing: Measuring Fiber-Bragg-Grating Temperature Drift (page 294)
• Application Note 10: Swept-Wavelength Testing: Saving Time and Bringing Real-Time Process Control to the Manufacturing Environment
(page 296)
• Application Note 11: Swept-Wavelength Testing: Insights into Swept-Wavelength Characterization of Passive Fiber-Optic Components
(page 301)
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