If you were giv en £9 million to sp end on making NH S services in sout h London better… what would you do? In January 201 4, researchers fr om King’s Colle and St George ge London ’s, University of London were a £9 million by th warded e National Inst itute for Healt the research arm h Research, of the NHS. Th e re organisation ca searchers set u p an lled the ‘CLAH R C S outh London’ using the mon – and are ey to make sure patients and se are offered the rvice users best treatment and care, in lin latest research e with the findings, where ver they live in south London. The £9 million is taxpayers’ m oney. The rese it to improve N archers are usi HS services tha ng t many of us w time. If you are il l u se at some a patient, servic e user, interest the public, or w e d member of ork for, or with , the NHS, we h on and conside o pe you read r getting involv ed in our work . Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care South London (CLAHRC South London) This document is a prospectus that outlines CLAHRC South London plans. Contents The work of the CLAHRC South London is funded for five years, from January 2014 to December 2018. What is the CLAHRC South London? – and what’s it got to do with me? /4 The focus of our research /6 If you are a patient, service user, or support someone who is unwell… /10 If you work in, or with, the NHS in south London… /11 If you work in the private sector… /12 ‘Improvement’ and ‘implementation’ science /13 Learn more – training and education opportunities /13 People and organisations already involved /14 ● The Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) South London is investigating the best way to make tried and tested treatments and services routinely available. University-based researchers, health professionals, patients and service users are working together to make this happen. ● The collaborating organisations are Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, Health Innovation Network (the NHS Englandfunded academic health science network in south London), King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, King’s College London, King’s Health Partners, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, St George’s, University of London and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust. ● The work of the CLAHRC South London is funded for five years (from 1 January 2014) by the National Institute for Health Research, collaborating organisations and local charities. It is ‘hosted’ by King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust. ● The CLAHRC is also working closely with GPs, local authorities (responsible for public health) and commissioners of health services in south London. 4 What is the CLAHRC South London? ‘CLAHRC’ stands for ‘Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care’. There are 13 CLAHRCs in England and all of them get a grant from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) – the research arm of the NHS – to carry out research that can help improve health services. In south London, a group of researchers from King’s College London and St George’s, University of London, teamed up with several NHS organisations and successfully applied to the NIHR for both CLAHRC status and funding. £9 million ‘new’ money has been given by the NIHR, and the organisations involved in the CLAHRC South London (see page 14 for a full list) have, between them, identified another £9 million to ‘match’ that funding, bringing the total starting budget to £18 million. In addition, researchers are applying for other grants to increase the amount of money available. CLAHRC South London researchers are studying how to make sure people in south London have access to treatments and services that have already been proven to be effective. Here are three examples. The NHS offers free training courses to people who have type 1 diabetes to help them learn how to manage the condition and stay well to protect against long-term complications caused by too little or too much glucose in the blood. Research previously carried out has shown that the training is very effective, and the courses are recommended by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). But the CLAHRC South London diabetes research team knows that the majority of people with type 1 diabetes who live in Lambeth and Southwark don’t sign up for training. Now members of the team are trying to contact everyone who has type 1 diabetes in these two boroughs to ask them to fill in a questionnaire so the researchers can find out what would make the courses more appealing and make appropriate changes. Example 1: 5 Drinking alcohol regularly above recommended limits can contribute to the development of more than 40 medical conditions. Previous research has shown that giving people advice about sensible drinking can motivate them to change their habits. So another team of CLAHRC South London researchers wants to develop a mobile phone ‘app’ that gives people easy access to information about the hazards of drinking too much alcohol. The app would enable people to assess whether the amount they drink puts them at risk of developing health problems – and encourage them to measure and reduce their intake. Example 2: There are many approaches to stopping smoking that have been proven to work, but people who have experienced the symptoms of psychosis are rarely offered smoking cessation support – even though they are more likely to smoke than people who do not have mental health problems. CLAHRC South London researchers are investigating different ways of making sure everyone is offered help to stop smoking, if they need it. Example 3: …and what’s it got to do with me? All sorts of people make health research possible. It’s not just scientists and people with academic backgrounds who know about improving health services. People who have experience of ill health and their families play an important role, as do health professionals who support them. If you use or work in NHS services, you may have strong views about how those services can be improved. Your experience, knowledge and expertise can help researchers plan and carry out projects that make a real difference. The services that the CLAHRC researchers want to improve are used by many people in south London. You, or a member of your family, or a friend or neighbour, may be one of them. You may have diabetes, you may have experienced psychosis, you may have had a stroke, you may be a new mother or expecting a baby. Everyone is at risk of infection and everyone may need palliative and end of life care at some time. Finally, most of the money being spent by the CLAHRC South London is your money – public money raised through taxes and allocated to the researchers by the National Institute for Health Research. We would like you to help us spend it wisely. 6 The focus of our research Offering support to heavy drinkers Nearly a quarter of adults aged 16 and above in England are classified as hazardous drinkers, regularly consuming amounts that are above government guidelines (1) – the NHS advises that women should not regularly drink more than two to three units (about a 175 ml glass of wine) a day, and that men should not regularly drink more than three to four units (about a pint and a half of beer) a day. ‘Regularly’ means every, or most, days. People who drink regularly and heavily are more likely to become harmful drinkers or dependent on alcohol. They are also more likely to have a stroke, more likely to have high blood pressure, more likely to develop liver disease and a number of cancers, and more likely to have a heart attack (2). Heavy drinkers also have poorer mental health: research has shown a link between alcohol and depression. And alcohol plays a part in violent crimes and road traffic accidents (2). There were 8,290 casualties in drink drive accidents in 2013 in the UK, and around 15 per cent of all deaths in reported road traffic accidents in the same year involved at least one driver over the limit (3). Alcohol contributed to the reasons why more than one million people were admitted to hospital during 2012/13 and in 2012, there were 6,490 alcohol-related deaths in England (4). In south London, 40 per cent of the people who go to accident and emergency departments are there because of alcohol-related problems (5). CLAHRC South London researchers are developing support for people who go to hospital frequently because of alcohol-related problems, and finding new ways of making sure that heavy drinkers get advice that can help them cut down to safer levels. (1) Adult Psychiatric Morbidity in England – 2007. Result of a household survey, 2009, published by the NHS Information Centre for Health and Social Care. (2) Alcohol strategy, published by the Home Office, March 2012. (3) Estimates for reported road traffic accidents involving illegal alcohol levels: 2013, statistical release, Department for Transport, 12 February 2015. (4) Statistics on alcohol – England 2014, National Statistics, published May 2014. (5) Good health, an alcohol strategy for King’s Health Partners. Helping clinical commissioning groups take carefully considered decisions about which health services to fund In today’s NHS, clinical commissioning groups have to make some difficult choices about which health services to fund from a limited budget. They need to consider not just clinical effectiveness and cost effectiveness, but also the ethnical repercussions of their choices – do their funding decisions imply that one group of patients is more important than another, for example, and if they do, how do they justify that? Patients, service users, voluntary organisations and members of the public need to have confidence that commissioners are spending public money in a responsible and considered manner, after taking account of all relevant information. CLAHRC South London researchers are developing a checklist that can help commissioners think carefully about the criteria and procedures they use in order to take well-made and fair decisions. Patients and service user groups can also use the checklist to ensure that the decision-making process has been even-handed and above board. 7 Investigating ways of preventing the development of diabetes and improving existing NHS services Fighting infections caught in hospital and finding ways to ensure antibiotics are prescribed appropriately About 10 per cent of people who have diabetes have type 1: they do not produce enough of the hormone insulin to regulate the amount of glucose in their blood. There is no cure for type 1 diabetes: people are dependent all their life on insulin injections. Consistently high glucose levels can damage internal organs, nerves and blood vessels and lead to sight difficulties, kidney disease, amputation, stroke and other health problems. Different foods, exercise and alcohol can all affect the amount of insulin needed so people have to learn how to count carbohydrates, regularly monitor their blood glucose levels and calculate the appropriate dose. Type 2 diabetes is on the increase: almost 500,000 Londoners now have this condition (1). The development of type 2 diabetes can be prevented and the condition can be treated by changing diet, exercising more and losing weight, as well as medication. An obese woman is 13 times more likely to develop type 2 diabetes, and for an obese man, the risk is five times higher (2). Type 2 diabetes has its origins in childhood – and children living in London are more likely to be overweight than anywhere else in England (3). People of African-Caribbean and South Asian descent are considerably more likely to develop diabetes than their white counterparts – and more than half of London’s black and ethnic population is made up of people of African-Caribbean or South Asian origin (1). CLAHRC South London researchers are working with primary school children to help prevent the development of type 2 diabetes, and with people who have type 1 diabetes to help them better manage the condition and prevent future complications. ‘Super-bugs’ that are becoming resistant to antibiotics (1) are often in the news. They include a large group of bacteria known as ‘gram negative’ or ‘GN’ bacteria that are currently the most frequent cause of infections acquired in hospital. GN bacteria can cause many different types of infection, including respiratory infections, urinary tract infections, wound or surgical site infections, bloodstream infections, pneumonia and diarrhoea. Infections caused by GN bacteria have been increasing over the past five years in England and are now much more common than infections caused by the former headline-hitting MRSA. When bacteria no longer respond to the medicines designed to treat them, it makes it more difficult for individual patients to recover from an infection and makes surgery and treatments like chemotherapy more risky. People are more likely to die with a serious infection caused by bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics. It is also harder to control infectious diseases because people remain infectious for a longer period of time. Bacteria become resistant to medicines naturally over time, but the process is made worse by the overuse and misuse of antibiotics – when broad-based antibiotics are prescribed, or they are prescribed ‘just in case’ without first confirming the cause of the infection. CLAHRC South London researchers are finding out more about how GN bacteria behave and also working out better and quicker ways of identifying the cause of an infection to make sure people get the right treatment as soon as possible. Blood sugar rush: diabetes time bomb in London, published by the Greater London Authority, April 2014. (2) Statistics on Obesity, Physical Activity and Diet: England, 2014, The Health and Social Care Information Centre, NHS. (3) National Child Measurement Programme: England, 2013/14 school year, Health and Social Care Information Centre/Public Health England, published December 2014. (1) (1) Annual report of the chief medical officer, volume two, 2011, Infections and the rise of antimicrobial resistant, Department of Health, first published March 2013. 8 Better postnatal services for all women and improved maternity care for those who may have a premature baby Helping ensure the best palliative and end of life care services are widely available The experiences of pregnancy, birth and the immediate aftermath can have a profound effect on a mother’s physical and mental health, and on the child’s health and development. Women who experience preeclampsia during pregnancy, for example, are more likely to develop high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease in later life. Babies who are born prematurely (before 37 weeks) are more likely to have disabilities or develop health problems in adult life than those born at full term (1) (2). High quality care before, during and after pregnancy can make a real difference to the health of mothers, and the future health of their babies. The numbers of babies born prematurely have been increasing over the past two decades. Those who are at higher risk of preterm birth include women who are pregnant with more than one baby, women who have previously given birth prematurely, women who smoke, women who use drugs and women who are victims of domestic violence. Some medical conditions, like diabetes, increase the risk of premature birth. CLAHRC South London researchers want to make sure women who are identified as having a higher risk of preterm birth get the best support from midwives and obstetricians during pregnancy, birth and the postnatal period. They also want to improve postnatal care for all women, making sure that National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidance is followed throughout south London. NICE says healthy women and their babies should be checked at specific times in the six to eight weeks following birth until they are discharged from maternity services, and that women should be offered advice and support about the health and care of their babies(3). When someone is diagnosed with a life-limiting or terminal illness, they may be offered palliative care to help them live as well and as fully as possible until they die. Palliative care may be available in a variety of places – at home, in a hospital, in a care home or in a hospice. These services may be run by the NHS, by charities or by other types of voluntary sector organisations. Palliative care professionals help keep the people they support free of pain and other symptoms, look after their psychological and spiritual needs, and make sure they and their families have any practical help and information they need. Researchers estimate that between 69 and 82 per cent of people need palliative care before they die (1), but the availability of palliative care services varies from place to place and not everyone who needs this sort of support gets referred for specialist care. Palliative care is an important part of ‘end of life care’ – support offered during the last year of life. The government says people should be offered choice about how they are cared for when they are dying, and where they die(2). Research studies and surveys have shown that the majority of people say they want to die at home, but hospital is still the most common place of death. In London, around 60 per cent of deaths happen in hospital (3)(4). CLAHRC South London researchers want to help make sure that palliative and end of life care services are available to support people who have a life-limiting illness, wherever they live, to ensure their needs are met and their preferences are supported. World Health Organisation, Preterm birth, Factsheet 363, updated November 2014. (2) Short-term outcomes after extreme preterm birth in England, Comparison of two birth cohorts in 1995 and 2006 (the EPICure studies). Costeloe K et al. 2012. BMJ, 345:e7976. (3) Postnatal care, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, clinical guideline 37, partly updated January 2014. (1) How many people need palliative care? A study developing and comparing methods for population-based estimates. Murtagh FE, Bausewein C, Verne J, Groeneveld EI, Kaloki YE, HIggingson IJ. Palliative Medicine. 2014. Jan; 28(1): 49-58. (2) The End of Life Care Strategy: promoting high quality care for adults at the end of their life. Department of Health, 2008. (3) Current and future needs for hospice care: an evidence-based report, Natalia Calanzani, Irene J Higginson, Barbara Gomes, published January 2013. (4) Patterns of end of life care in England, 2008 to 2010, Public Health England, published April 2014. (1) 9 Addressing the physical health problems of people who have experienced the symptoms of psychosis People who have a diagnosis of a serious mental illness like schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder or bipolar disorder are more likely to have diabetes, cardiovascular disease and respiratory problems such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) than people who have no experience of mental health problems. They are also more likely to die as a result of one of these physical conditions: people with a serious mental illness live 15 to 20 years less than their peers who do not have mental health problems (1). This is because the symptoms of a mental illness such as schizophrenia can make people become more sedentary and less likely to take regular exercise, and antipsychotic medication can cause weight gain and other side effects that increase the likelihood of developing physical health problems. People who have a serious mental illness also commonly smoke tobacco – but studies have shown they are less likely to receive professional advice about stopping smoking (2). Research has also shown that people with mental health problems are less likely to receive professional advice about exercise and diet (1) and less likely to be offered routine health checks to monitor their blood pressure, cholesterol and weight, even though they are more likely to develop the physical conditions that these checks are designed to prevent (3). Many of the physical health problems experienced by people who have a serious mental illness are potentially preventable if they were treated in the same way as people who have not experienced mental health problems. CLAHRC South London researchers plan to develop ways of helping people who have experienced psychosis to make healthier lifestyle choices. They also want to establish how best to help people who have experienced the symptoms of psychosis to stop smoking permanently. Psychosis and schizophrenia in adults, NICE Guideline on Treatment and Management, 2014. (2) Smoking and mental health, a joint report by the Royal College of Physicians and the Royal College of Psychiatrists, published 28 March 2013. (3) Report of the second round of the National Audit of Schizophrenia (NAS2), October 2014, Royal College of Psychiatrists, Healthcare Quality Improvement Partnership. (1) Better support and care for stroke survivors There are about 152,000 strokes in the UK every year (1) and thanks to better diagnosis, services and treatment, more people than ever before survive. The Stroke Association says there are around 1.2 million stroke survivors living in the UK (1) and many need ongoing care for a number of different health problems. Some people experience problems for a long time afterwards: strokes can affect people’s thinking, their ability to communicate, their sight and their movement. Many people already had other conditions that continue to need treatment – high blood pressure, diabetes, atrial fibrillation and other heart problems, for example. In addition, stroke survivors report feeling depressed and anxious. Studies have shown that many live in fear of having another stroke and lack confidence. Fatigue is a common problem and many survivors say they find it difficult to concentrate, read and remember things. CLAHRC South London researchers are working to improve the support and care offered to stroke survivors when they are discharged from hospital into the care of their GP to make sure they get treatment and care for all the physical and mental health problems they experience. (1) State of the Nation, Stroke Statistics, January 2015, Stroke Association. 10 If you are a patient, service user, or support someone who is unwell… Our researchers are asking people who have health problems to participate in some of their studies. For example, the CLAHRC South London diabetes team wants the 2,000 people in Southwark and Lambeth who have type 1 diabetes to share their views and experiences by filling in a survey. The information they give will help the research team deliver more effective training courses, which in turn could help people better manage type 1 diabetes. Visit www.budie.org to find out more. Patients, service users and family members can act as consultants and advisors. For example, they can comment on researchers’ plans and make sure the research team takes account of the circumstances and abilities of potential participants. They can advise about the language used in information prepared for people who agree to participate in studies. Some study teams employ researchers who have personal experience of the relevant condition as service user researchers, or train patients and service users so they can have a role in the research – they may collect and analyse data, for example. King’s Improvement Science (KIS) is part of the CLARHC South London. The KIS team helps health professionals working in south-east London run projects that aim to improve their service. The KIS team wants to hear from patient and service user groups who might be interested in sending representatives to work on these projects alongside researchers and health professionals. Email Erica Eassom, [email protected], to find out more. We are also exploring the possibility of setting up a new south London patient and service user group, open to anyone who is interested in our research and who would be willing to offer advice and share their experience with our research teams. If you are interested in helping to set up this group, or want to find out more about other opportunities to get involved, email [email protected]. ‘No matter how complicated the research, or how brilliant the researcher, patients and the public always offer unique, invaluable insights. Their advice when designing, implementing and evaluating research invariably makes studies more effective, credible and often more cost efficient as well.’ Chief medical officer for England Professor Sally Davies wrote this in 2009 (when she was director general of research and development at the Department of Health) in Exploring impact: public involvement in NHS, public health and social care research, a report published by INVOLVE. INVOLVE is an organisation that encourages patients, service users, their relatives and members of the public to get involved in research. Visit www.invo.org.uk to find out more. 11 If you work in, or with, the NHS in south London… If you work for the NHS, either as a health professional, manager, or as part of a clinical commissioning group, you can help us make NHS services better by supporting our research studies and getting involved in our work. The results of our research can help you improve services. Here are four examples. The CLAHRC South London palliative and end of life care team wants to work with professionals in organisations providing specialist palliative care across the whole of south London. They want to collectively decide which are the most appropriate ‘outcome measures’ to use within palliative and end of life care services. Outcome measures are purposedesigned questionnaires used to assess people's symptoms, quality of life and other concerns, and thus enable improvement and change to be measured and documented. The information collected can help prove the success of a treatment, a service, or a package of care, and can influence future funding and commissioning decisions. If all palliative care services use the same outcome measures, researchers can analyse and compare information that is collected and work out what needs improving. Example 1: Health professionals may have an idea for improving the service in which they work but need some help and advice about how to do that, and what they can do to encourage change. The King's Improvement Science team is part of the CLAHRC South London and helps health professionals working in south-east London carry out improvement projects. Visit www.kingsimprovementscience.org to find out more. Example 2: The CLAHRC South London maternity and women's health research team wants to develop a better way of supporting women who have a higher risk of preterm birth. The team is initially working in Lewisham in southeast London with members of the clinical commissioning group, midwives and obstetricians. The plan is to work together to co-design a new service that will include a specialist clinic and a dedicated team of midwives to care for women during pregnancy, labour, and after birth. Research has already shown that offering continuity of care – given by the same individual midwife or team of midwives – means that women are more likely to give birth naturally and less likely to experience preterm birth. Example 3: If you work for a clinical commissioning group in south London, CLAHRC South London researchers want to hear from you. They are developing a checklist to help commissioners carefully consider the decision-making processes and criteria they use when choosing which health services to fund. They are running a series of interactive workshops so commissioners (as well as patients, service users and members of the public) can contribute to the research by saying if they think the checklist is useful. Contact Katharina Kieslich, [email protected], if you would like to be involved. Example 4: To find out more about all CLAHRC South London projects, visit www.clahrc-southlondon.nihr.ac.uk. 12 If you work in the private sector… CLAHRC South London researchers are working collaboratively with private sector organisations that are developing new devices and products, and information and communication technology that can revolutionise and transform treatment and services. Here are two examples. If a patient has an infection, doctors need to know its cause before starting treatment. Antibiotics may not be necessary, or may be ineffective. But the results of tests to confirm the cause of infection – and therefore inform the choice of treatment – often take one or two days to come through from hospital laboratories. People who come to accident and emergency department may be admitted to hospital while they wait for the results, or may be prescribed the wrong medication. CLAHRC South London infection researchers are testing a number of ‘rapid diagnostic devices’ developed in the private sector that can determine if someone has a bacterial or viral infection within hours. The research team wants to find out if they are effective and cost-effective – and whether doctors find them easy to use. Example 1: The CLAHRC South London diabetes research team will be helping to check the effectiveness of a home use test for detecting glucose intolerance and diabetes when used on pregnant women. If it turns out that the home test kit is as effective as a glucose tolerance test carried out at hospital, the kit could help screen more women for diabetes in pregnancy. Example 2: If you work for a private sector company and would like to find out about opportunities to get involved in our work, contact Peter Littlejohns, [email protected]. 13 ‘Improvement’ and ‘implementation’ science CLAHRC South London researchers are involved in two new areas of research: ‘improvement science’ and ‘implementation science’. Research studies traditionally find out which treatment or therapy works best, or test the effectiveness of a new drug, or a new device, or a new way of working. Now researchers also want to discover the best way to make sure the most effective therapies, treatments and ways of working are offered to all patients and service users – and what stands in the way of that happening. ‘Implementation science’ is about studying the role of health professionals, managers, commissioners of services and policy makers as well as organisational structures and processes to try to understand why health services don’t Learn more... training and education opportunities always offer the safest, most effective treatments and ways of working. Researchers also want to find out what makes it easy for research results to be adopted – or ‘implemented’. For some time, the NHS has supported the use of ‘improvement methods’ – step-by-step guides to making improvements by instigating change. A lot of the techniques were first developed in America or Japan to improve quality in manufacturing industries. ‘Improvement science’ is about studying whether those methods can also be used to improve the quality and safety of health services. CLAHRC South London researchers are investigating whether both implementation and improvement science are effective approaches to making NHS services better. The CLAHRC South London will be organising training courses and workshops about implementation and improvement science. Some of them will be suitable for patients and service users as well as health professionals and researchers. A brand new MSc in implementation and improvement science will be launched at King’s College London in September 2015. Students will be able to learn about different approaches and techniques that can be used to make health services better as well as traditional research methods. There will be a number of free places on the 2015 intake that will be advertised on the CLAHRC website, www.clahrc-southlondon.nihr.ac.uk/training-and-education In the meantime, visit www.kcl.ac.uk/nursing/new-msc.aspx for more information about the new MSc. 14 People and organisations already involved Eight organisations are part of the collaboration that is the CLAHRC South London: two universities, four NHS organisations and two umbrella organisations working to improve NHS services south of the river Thames. They are: ! ! King’s College London St George’s, University of London Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust ! King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust ! St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust ! South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust ! Health Innovation Network (this is an NHS funded ‘academic health science network’ aiming to improve services in all 12 south London boroughs) ! King’s Health Partners (an alliance between King’s College London and the three NHS trusts in south-east London) ! The researchers who are leading the work of the CLAHRC South London are listed below. Many of them also work as health professionals in NHS services. ! Professor Graham Thornicroft, professor of community psychiatry at King's College London. He is director of the CLAHRC South London. Professor Stephanie Amiel, RD Lawrence professor of diabetic medicine at King's College London (Dr RD Lawrence was co-founder of Diabetes UK, initially called the Diabetic Association). ! Professor Tom Craig, professor of social psychiatry at King's College London. ! ! Professor Colin Drummond, professor of addiction psychiatry at King's College London. Professor Irene Higginson, professor of palliative care at King's College London. ! ! Professor Peter Littlejohns, professor of public health at King's College London. He is deputy director of the CLAHRC South London. Professor Ann McNeill, professor of tobacco addiction at King's College London. ! Professor Diana Rose, professor of service user-led research at King's College London. ! Professor Nick Sevdalis, professor of implementation science and patient safety at King's College London. ! ! Professor Jane Sandall, professor of social science and women's health at King's College London. ! Professor Mike Sharland, professor of paediatric infectious diseases at St George's, University of London. ! Professor Charles Wolfe, professor of public health at King's College London. To find out more about CLAHRC South London research projects, courses and activities... ...or how to get involved in our work visit www.clahrc-southlondon.nihr.ac.uk NIHR CLAHRC South London, March 2015 or call Marguerita Gillespie 020 7848 0340 or email [email protected]
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