RAMON MARGALEF,
THE CURIOUSITY
DRIVEN LIFE OF A
SELF-TAUGHT NATURALIST
by Francesc Peters
Institut de Ciències del Mar, CMIMA (CSIC), Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
RAMON MARGALEF,
THE CURIOUSITY
DRIVEN LIFE OF A
SELF-TAUGHT NATURALIST
i
ii
RAMON MARGALEF,
THE CURIOUSITY
DRIVEN LIFE OF A
SELF-TAUGHT NATURALIST
by Francesc Peters
Institut de Ciències del Mar, CMIMA (CSIC), Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
iii
American Society of Limnology and Oceanography
5400 Bosque Blvd., Suite 680, Waco TX, 76710, USA
© 2010 by the Ameican Society of Limnology and Oceanography.
All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America
iv
Contents
Family Background.....................................................................2
Key Dates in the Life of Ramon Margalef......................................4
Biography...................................................................................6
1919-1936 Childhood and Youth............................................................... 6
1936-1939 Spanish Civil War..................................................................... 7
1940-1943 Return from War...................................................................... 7
1944-1951 The Start of a Career as a Scientist............................................ 8
1952-1967 The Instituto de Investigaciones Pesqueras.............................. 11
1968-1974 Transition............................................................................... 16
1975-1993 The Department of Ecology Years........................................... 19
1994-2004 Retirement............................................................................. 22
The Publications of Ramon Margalef.......................................... 25
Excellence In Education............................................................. 27
Awards and Honors................................................................... 30
Organisms Named After Ramon Margalef................................... 32
Doctoral Thesis Directed............................................................ 33
Scientific Genealogy of Ramon Margalef..................................... 36
Bibliography of Ramon Margalef................................................ 39
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Preface
January 28, 2009, ASLO Aquatic Sciences Meeting, Nice, France: Carlos Duarte
approached me just before half past eight in the morning when we were walking to the Apollon theater to attend the award ceremony and plenary sessions
of the day. He asked me if I would be willing to write a short biography of
Ramon Margalef, now that ASLO’s Excellence in Education Award would be
named after him. It should be similar to the one Peter Williams had done of
Alfred C. Redfield. I was thrilled, and immediately accepted!
Later on I realized the daunting task before me. The international recognition of Margalef as one of the leading ecologists of the 20th century and one
of the few great Catalan1 and Spanish scientists of all times, led to many very
well written obituaries and biographical essays by distinguished fellow scientists and disciples. What could I add? I had not been a student of Margalef. I
had barely met him the first time during Josep M. Gasol’s dissertation defense
in 1988 as Margalef was on the thesis committee. I had only attended a few
lectures, seminars or talks. On top of it I had to mirror myself in the excellent
piece of science history work by Peter leB. Williams.
As a biology undergraduate at the Autonomous University of Barcelona
I had used Margalef ’s book Los organismos indicadores en la Limnología2 to
identify freshwater organisms from the Banyoles area (NE Spain). Also at
the university, several of the professors in botany, biogeography and ecology,
had been former students of Margalef, and we used Margalef ’s textbook
1Catalunya or Catalonia is today an autonomous region of Spain with Barcelona as its
capital.
2 Margalef, R. 1955. Los organismos indicadores en la limnología. Biología de las aguas
continentales, 12. Instituto Forestal de Investigaciones y Experiencias. Ministerio de
Agricultura. Madrid. 300 pp. Eng., Indicator organisms in limnology.
vii
Ecología3, especially the chapters on diversity and succession. As a graduate student at the Institute of Ecology (Athens, GA, USA) I began to fully
appreciate the influence Margalef had worldwide. When I was asked where
I came from and answered Barcelona, I was immediately associated with
Margalef, even if I had not attended the University of Barcelona where he
taught. Later on as a postdoc back in Barcelona, this time at the Institut de
Ciències del Mar4 (ICM), everything was reminiscent of Margalef in ideas,
thinking, approach to science, even furniture and experimental setups. I had
the opportunity to talk to Margalef but only occasionally and for short informal conversations when he would come to visit the ICM. The dimension
of Margalef in my eyes as a scientist and a person was becoming increasingly
broader. Of course, it helped that I was working on turbulence and plankton,
where Margalef is a landmark reference; and also that I got to work with
Cèlia Marrasé, former graduate student and daughter-in-law of Margalef.
I was working on the final report of a project on Sunday, May 23, 2004,
when Cèlia called me to give me the sad news of Margalef ’s death. It was
probably only natural that I immediately felt the compelling urge to set up a
web-based repository for his work since many of his publications are not in
English or are hard to find. I also felt the need to set up a condolence page.
In a few hours I had a web page ready. Notes from all over the world started
to flood in, while I kept adding papers, newspaper obituaries, and miscellaneous information.
These were my connections to Ramon Margalef but my question
remained: What could I add to the biography? The answer still is I do not know.
I have tried to read as much information about Ramon Margalef as possible from the most varied sources including his own papers and books,
interviews and obituaries. I have used the information I have collected since
3 Margalef, R. 1974. Ecología. Omega. Barcelona. 951 pp.
4 Eng., Institute of Marine Sciences.
viii
2004 for some data analysis. I have also made extensive use of the biography
published by Pere Bonnín5. Last minute gold nuggets have been an unpublished autobiography6 provided to me by Marta Estrada and a collection of
personal letters between Ramon Margalef and Guillem Colom7. In addition,
I have interviewed more or less informally family members and scientists
who had known Margalef well, and I am especially indebted to Cèlia
Marrasé and Marta Estrada. In case of a conflict in information, I resorted
to the most direct source or to the source published closest in time to a
particular event. Note that I have made the choice to use the Catalan form
of Margalef ’s first name Ramon (without accent), since this was Margalef ’s
first and native language and the spelling appearing on his identity card
according to his son Ramon Margalef Mir8.
With the exception of the biography by Bonnín, all biographical texts or
recollections on Margalef that I can think of have been written by former
students and fellow scientists who knew Margalef well. Perhaps I have added
the view of someone that was not directly related to him and that knew him
scantly, with the obvious danger of missing people, events, or other important aspects of Margalef ’s biography, and I humbly ask for the indulgence of
all, including the reader. This has been a wonderful learning experience for
me and I have become a converted Margalefian. I thank Carlos Duarte for
this opportunity, and above all I thank Ramon Margalef for his legacy.
September 2009
5 Bonnín, P. 1994. Ramon Margalef. Fundació Catalana per la Recerca, Barcelona, 184 pp.
6 Margalef, R. Notes autobiogràfiques de Ramon Margalef López. 36 pp. Unpublished.
7 Mateu, G. 2009. Ramon Margalef i Guillem Colom. Diàleg epistolar entre dos savis,
mestres i pioners de la ciència. Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma. 194 pp. Eng., Ramon
Margalef and Guillem Colom. Epistolary Dialog between Two Wise Men, Masters and Pioneers in
science.
ix
x
Ramon Margalef and graduate students and collaborators aboard the Cornide de Saavedra
during the Atlor II cruise (March 1973) off Northwest Africa. From left to right: Ferran
Vallespinós, Dolors Blasco, Guillem Mateu, Miquel Alcaraz, Santi Fraga, Josefina Castellví
and Ramon Margalef.
1
FAMILY BACKGROUND
Ramon Margalef i López [RML] was born in Barcelona, Catalunya (Spain) on May
16th, 1919. His father, Ramon Margalef i Adell, was a young farmer that moved to
Barcelona with his parents and other family members after the outbreak of phylloxera (Dactylosphaera vitifoliae), a small insect, ruined the family grapevines in the
region of Priorat. Ramon Margalef i Adell managed to get a job as a bank clerk and
married Vicenta López Viu, who had also moved to Barcelona from the region of
Aragón. RML only had one sister,Vicenta, born 1923. She was a dressmaker and
tended her family before suddenly passing away in 1991.
RML married Maria Mir Tauler, a biologist from Mallorca, on July 4th, 1952 in
the church of Sant Nicolau in Palma de Mallorca. They had 4 children. Neus (1953)
is a mathematician and high school teacher in Barcelona, Núria (1955) is a physician
in Puigcerdà, Ramon (1956) is a biologist and high school teacher in Barcelona, and
Bartomeu (1958) is devoted to cooperation and at present working in an orphanage
in Angola. Seven grandchildren from Neus (3), Núria (2) and Ramon (2).
2
Ramon Margalef and his sister Vicenta circa 1924. Courtesy of the Margalef family.
3
Key dates in the life of
RAMON Margalef
1919
Birth of Ramon Margalef – Barcelona, May 16th
1933Enters commerce trade school
1936-1939Spanish Civil war
1938-1939Conscripted into the republican army
1939
Joins the Institució Catalana d’Història Natural9
1939-1943Conscripted into the nationalist army (intermittently)
1943
Death of his mother
1943
First scientific publication
1944Scholarship at the Instituto de Biología Aplicada10 (CSIC11).
1945Completes high school degree – September 21st
1945Starts studies of Natural Sciences at the University of Barcelona
1948Stays in Italy and Switzerland
1949Establishes a marine lab in Blanes for the CSIC.
1949
Finishes his university degree – December 9th
1951
Doctoral dissertation: Temperatura y morfología de los seres vivos12
1952Research position at the Instituto de Investigaciones
Pesqueras13 (CSIC)
1952
Married Maria Mir – July 4th
1953
Birth of Neus Margalef i Mir – May 30th
1955
Birth of Núria Margalef i Mir – March 18th
1956Two-month trip to America and talk at Scripps
1956
Birth of Ramon Margalef i Mir – September 14th
1958
Birth of Bartomeu Margalef i Mir – January 22nd
9 Eng., Catalan Institution of Natural History.
10 Eng., Institute of Applied Biology.
11Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Eng., High Council for Scientific Research.
12 Eng.,Temperature and morphology of living organisms.
13 Eng., Institute of Fisheries Research.
4
1958
Publication of Information theory in ecology
1965
Lectures at the University of Chicago
1965-1967 Director of Instituto de Investigaciones Pesqueras
1967Ecology Chair at the University of Barcelona – June 1st
1968
Publication of Perspectives in ecological theory
1969
Death of his father
1971Sahara II cruise with the new Spanish research vessel
Cornide de Saavedra
1972
Prince Albert I Medal
1974
Publication of textbook Ecología
1978Trip to Australia; Maria is hospitalized after suffering
an accident – August
1980A.G. Huntsman Award
1983
Publication of textbook Limnología
1984Ramón y Cajal Prize
1986Retirement as Professor of the University of Barcelona
1987Elected Professor Emeritus of the University of Barcelona – April 8th
1989Naumann-Thieneman Medal
1993Retirement as Professor Emeritus of the University of Barcelona –
September 30th
1995
International Ecology Institute Prize
2000ASLO Lifetime Achievement Award
2004
Death of Ramon Margalef – Barcelona, May 23rd
2004
Death of Maria Mir – May 30th
5
BIOGRAPHY
following installments appearing in the
youth magazine El Patufet.
In his early teens Ramon attended
a commerce trade school, his father
probably reasoning that becoming an
accountant or bank clerk as himself
would provide Ramon a good living. This was definitely not the track
towards a University degree. Apparently,
Ramon complained that he was not
learning much, probably because he
was bored after acquiring the knowledge faster than his classmates and not
being genuinely interested anyhow.
Meanwhile, he continued with his
naturalistic hobbies and started to
accurately draw and describe species.
His father worried about Ramon’s
apparent lack of progress and hired a
private tutor, Alexander Jacky, to help
him with his studies. Ramon learned
German and French and mathematics
with Mr. Jacky, an Alsatian who had
also lived in Argentina. This was a blessing for Ramon, now able to read works
of the German and French naturalists,
who had done quite a few studies on
fauna and flora in Catalunya. In his
later teens, he started to go regularly
to the public libraries and to the more
specialized libraries in several academic
institutions. Ramon and close friend
Josep Maria Marcè shared the naturalist’s interests and went together on field
trips with the Centre Excursionista de
Catalunya14, collecting specimens and
learning of the relationship of species
to particular environments. They were
1919-1936 Childhood
and Youth
As a child, Ramon used to play in the
busy streets of the old Barcelona neighborhoods spending hours just watching
merchants trading and loading and
unloading all kinds of goods. He also
enjoyed very much playing in the
vacant lots of the city where he could
find puddles of water teaming with
life that he would observe and follow
for days. His interest in nature was also
likely sparked by Sunday visits to the
parks and natural gardens of Barcelona
and by helping his father tend a small
backyard orchard with fruit trees,
probably a hobby that reminded his
father of his early farming days. Ramon
would spend hours watching all kinds
of ants, caterpillars, beetles and what
not. He learned to preserve butterflies
and would make his own accurate collections of insects and plants. At school
he was a distracted student, probably
thinking all the time about the puddle
of water he was exploring or on the
next life stage he would find an insect
when later in the day he would be
able to go back to the orchard. Ramon
did not have good memories of his
early school years as he would often be
chastised. Despite his lack of interest
for formal school training, he learned
to read and write in Spanish and all the
other basic skills easily. He even learned
to write in Catalan on his own by
14 Eng., Hiking Center of Catalunya.
6
named Butlletí de la Societat Catalana
d’Estudis Biològics16 and Publicacions de
la Societat Catalana d’Estudis Biològics17.
A third journal he made up was Acta
Hydrobiologica18. These papers have
never been published.
Barcelona was on the republican side
of the war, loyal to the legitimately
elected government, but the rebel nationalists were quickly gaining ground.
Ramon was drafted on February 22,
1938, at the age of 18. Since he had
good writing skills, he was soon given
a typewriter, and charged with paperwork and dispatches. He was finally
sent to the Ebro river front, site of the
longest and bloodiest battle of the war.
Apparently Ramon became ill with
fever and diarrhea and was sent back to
Barcelona. Just a few days later the war
ended with the defeat of the republicans.
Josep Maria Marcè died during the war,
to the great dismay of Ramon.
applying to the Institució Catalana
d’Història Natural9 through Mossèn
Bataller, who admired their interest and
knowledge, when the Spanish [uncivil]
war broke out.
1936-1939 Spanish Civil War
When Margalef was 17, the Spanish
Civil war broke out on July 18th, 1936.
Spain had been a democratic republic
only since 1931. The reforms needed
in a country still quasi-feudal, included
distributing land among poor peasants;
combined with other sociopolitical
movements such as the right of women
to vote, the right of historic regions to
determine their own political fate, a
certain anticlericalism with anarchistic
sparks here and there, and military
cutbacks, it created the unrest that
resulted in the military rebellion that
started the war against the government.
There were barricades within the city
of Barcelona, several extremist anarchist
groups were burning churches. It was
easy for people to become politically
polarized on one side or the other. But
Margalef was not interested in politics,
and the chaos of the first part of the
war was an opportunity for him to
get more and more involved into his
naturalist studies. He started to write
his findings with accurate drawings
in a rather formal way as he had seen
in the journals he was perusing in
the libraries. He made up a fictitious
Societat Catalana d’Estudis Biològics15 and
would bind his papers in two series
1940-1943 Return from War
Margalef had very bad memories
of the war. It did convince him that
one only lives once and of the need
to take advantage of every possible
minute to do whatever fulfills one’s
genuine interests. Just after the war, he
was drafted again, now into the army
of the newly installed military regime
16 Eng., Bulletin of the Catalan Society of
Biological Studies.
17 Eng., Publications of the Catalan Society of
Biological Studies.
18This name was given in 1959 to a Polish
journal.
15 Eng., Catalan Society of Biological Studies.
7
of general Francisco Franco, but was
soon discharged by reason of his father’s
age who turned sixty. For monetary
reasons he took a job at an insurance
company. In the afternoons he would
devote every minute to his naturalist
interests. He reconnected with the
scientists and the scientific societies he
had started to frequent before the war,
and restarted his field trips. He built his
own microscope with bits and pieces
he found in flea markets and junkyards,
and started to observe most probably
just anything he could get his hands
on, including aquatic microorganisms.
Important Catalan naturalists and
scientists, astounded by Margalef ’s work
capacity, his rare self-taught knowledge
acquisition process and his acute
intelligence, encouraged him to pursue
a university degree. Important influences and mentors of this time include
Mossèn Bataller (Institució Catalana
d’Història Natural), Francesc Español
(Museu de Zoologia), and Antoni de
Bolòs and Pius Font i Quer (Institut
Botànic de Barcelona).
Unfortunately, Margalef would still
have to wait somewhat since in 1941 he
was drafted a second time into Franco’s
army, this time in artillery. The Second
World War (1939 to 1945) threatened to
involve each and every European country. Franco was preparing for Spain’s
involvement siding with Germany
and Italy but finally managed not to
be dragged into the war. Margalef was
sent to Mallorca. What did he do in his
spare time? An inventory of all fresh-
water bodies of the island with special
emphasis on microalgae. He also established friendship with Miquel Massutí,
director of the Institut Oceanogràfic in
Palma, with whom he did a complete
study of marine plankton that later
resulted in a book.
In 1943, his mother suddenly died
of a stroke and he was refused permission to return home for a last goodbye.
Later that year he was finally discharged
from the military. Margalef stopped
his unpublished series and published
his first three official scientific papers
and one science popularization book.
In these early publications, the word
ecología appears in text and titles. He
was 24 years old.
1944-1951 The Start of a
Career as a Scientist
With his military service over, Margalef
followed the advice of his mentors to
pursue a university degree. But there
was a problem. Margalef did not have
the formal and required seven years
of pre-university training, Bachillerato
(equivalent to high school). His mentors smoothed his way by getting him
credit for some subjects from his unfinished trade school studies, and exempting him from some classes as long as
he took the final exams. In 1944, while
studying for his Bachillerato diploma, his
mentors helped him get a scholarship
to work with Dr. Francisco García
del Cid (one of the Spanish research
vessels is nowadays named after him) at
the Instituto de Biología Aplicada10 in
8
Barcelona. Margalef left his boring job
at the insurance company. His father
worried about this decision to leave
a secure workplace but Margalef was
completely determined. In 1945, he
earned his Bachillerato and it had taken
him only two years! Margalef confessed
he had had the hardest time learning
Latin on his own, according to Francesc
Vives, a fellow university student. Later
in 1945 he enrolled in Natural Sciences
at the University of Barcelona.
At the university, skipping classes
was not unusual. In one class they
had not seen him during the whole
academic year when he showed up
Ramon Margalef and Maria Mir – April 6, 1952. Courtesy of the Margalef family.
9
at the final oral exam. The questions
were harder and harder but Margalef
answered them all brilliantly. The
astounded professor gave him Matrícula
d’Honor (with honors). With the
greatest humility, Margalef was able
to leave the toughest professor of the
toughest subject without arguments to
give him less than the highest marks.
Besides attending a few classes Margalef
would devote his time to work and
research, writing and reading. It is very
likely he already had notions of English,
and now with the decline of German
naturalists after the war, he improved
his English skills to delve into the
literature. He was also learning Russian
on his own. He did not devote much
time to the social life characteristic of
university students. But he did meet
Maria Mir, a biology student who
would later become his wife.
Margalef finished his university
degree in 1949. He was 30 years old
and had already published 58 papers
mostly on zoology and freshwater and
marine plankton. While Margalef was
studying, García del Cid was charged
by the CSIC11 with setting up a marine
fisheries institute as marine biology
studies were becoming an important
part of the Instituto de Biología
Aplicada. He asked Margalef to set up
a lab in Blanes (on the Mediterranean
coast, 70 km north of Barcelona).
Facilities and support were provided by
Karl Faust, a German with commercial
interests in Barcelona, who founded the
botanical garden Marimurtra in Blanes.
In the summer of 1949 Margalef gave
a marine biology course in Blanes and
trained others in the identification and
counting of phytoplankton, as the basis
of the food chain. At the same time,
he began and maintained a biweekly
phytoplankton time series collection.
He analyzed samples and published
swiftly, and his papers went beyond
the description into the fundamentals
of succession, diversity, community
structure and ecosystem dynamics.
Nonetheless, throughout the late
forties and early fifties he did not hide
the fact that his preferred research
subject was actually limnology and
the biology of freshwaters. An almost
inexistent taxonomy and systematics of
Spanish freshwater organisms had to be
addressed to advance in the ecological
and biogeographic aspects that most
interested Margalef 7. His job, however,
was to do marine research and he did
it so professionally and with such high
and abundant scientific output, that he
had no problems in making compatible
both research lines.
After finishing her degree in 1949,
Maria went back to her native Mallorca
as a teacher. Ramon visited her whenever he could. Margalef also started
working on his doctorate dissertation
that was titled Temperatura y morfología
de los seres vivos12, on experimental
studies with green microalgae. The
official director, Dr. Florencio Bustinza
from the University of Madrid (at
that time the only university in Spain
allowed to issue doctoral degrees), was
10
a bureaucratic necessity that provided
little help. Margalef did his doctorate
basically on his own with occasional aid
from professors in Barcelona. In 1951
he defended his dissertation in Madrid.
He was 32 years old and had authored
82 publications,
deep blue eyes, he had a somewhat
uncommon physical appearance for the
Mediterranean standards of the time.
He always had a genuine half smile
on his face and would never speak
badly of another person. He loved
to play Meccano19 with his children
because the possibilities for constructing imagined devices were endless. On
weekends, the family would often go
to the countryside and Margalef would
always challenge their children with
questions about the plants, animals,
lichens or geology they were observing;
always in a distended, unforced way.
His teaching philosophy was to provide
plenty of leads for others to follow and
explore, but it had to be one’s own
willingness to take advantage of those
leads. At home, when he had one calm
minute he would devote it to writing.
At nights he would translate foreign
books into Spanish or write popular
science texts to complement a meager
scientist’s salary.
With Margalef, the IIP became a
full-scale oceanographic institution.
Under the guidance of director García
del Cid, they set up labs in Castellón
(Mediterranean levantine coast of
Spain),Vigo (Ría in Northwestern
Spain) and Cádiz (on the Atlantic coast
of Southwestern Spain). These labs
later became institutes of their own.
Margalef would spend time at these
labs, especially in Vigo and Castellón,
1952-1967 The Instituto
de Investigaciones
Pesqueras
In 1952 García del Cid offered
Margalef to fill a position at the newly
founded Instituto de Investigaciones
Pesqueras13 (IIP) in Barcelona. On July
4th he married Maria Mir, and one
year later their first daughter, Neus,
was born. Three more children (Núria,
Ramon and Bartomeu) would follow
soon. Maria was Ramon’s true love but
she was also the center of the family,
the lighthouse that guided the growing
family boat in calm and rough seas.
She managed the education of their
children, the family economy, and the
social life and obligations. Ramon,
playful with his kids, did not have to
worry about the long-term steering
of the family. Maria mentioned once
that she had never been jealous of the
science that absorbed Ramon for long
hours and days. A biologist herself, she
would often be the first critical reader
of Ramon’s manuscripts, and occasionally help him with plankton counts.
Ramon was a jovial person, maybe a
bit on the shy side but with an acute
sense of humor. Standing 1.85 m, with
a bony complexion, darkish hair and
19Construction playset consisting of
re-usable metal plates, wheels, gears, nuts
and bolts.
11
staying for months at a time setting up
coastal plankton monitoring time series,
sampling specific conditions and events
and training people. Phytoplankton
sampling would always be accompanied
by nutrient samples in order to relate
plankton dynamics to the physical and
chemical environment. Each issue of
the IIP’s journal Investigación Pesquera20
usually contained one paper by
Margalef and often two or more. The
analysis of the data for a given time
series would amazingly appear during
the next year after sample collection,
and not four, five or more years later
as is usual. This was also the beginning
of the “international era” for Margalef
and for the IIP. Science funding was
really scarce and travel money almost
20 Eng., Fisheries Research.
Ramon Margalef and his children (from left to right: Bartomeu, Núria, Neus and Ramon) out in
the field circa 1962. Courtesy of the Margalef family.
12
inexistent and difficult to obtain.
Chance came Margalef ’s way. By way
of García del Cid, he met Sidney Galler,
a talent scout of the American Office of
Naval Research and got on well with
him. Through this connection, he was
given basically a blank check for travel
expenses through the U.S. Military
Aid Transportation Service. And
did he ever take advantage of it! He
started to establish connections with
institutions and scientists worldwide.
He visited Italy (Napoli and Pallanza),
Switzerland (Zurich), Belgium, Canada
(St. Andrews and St. John’s), the U.K.
(London, Windermere, Cambridge and
Plymouth),Venezuela, Puerto Rico,
France, Germany, the United States
(Scripps,Yale) and many other places.
He traveled to labs and to international meetings. Back at the Institute
he would provide detailed reports of
the interesting and novel aspects he
had been exposed to in his travels for
anyone to read. Margalef was also given
to building devices that he would use
for his own research. Some say he also
had a blank check to build any devices
he wished. This is unlikely, but besides
travel coupons he probably received
some additional funding from the U.S.
military that would seem much for his
scantly funded lab fellows.
Margalef was an avid reader, and
he would often steer other scientists
towards particular books or papers
that were relevant to their research.
He was kind and giving and received
the admiration of fellow lab workers.
During sampling trips, two or three scientists and a skipper would fit in small,
ill-equipped boats. Margalef would
always want to do one more sample, go
a bit further offshore, which sometimes
got them into trouble since the boats
were not prepared for such endeavors.
He never abandoned freshwater studies,
whether in local lakes and streams or
in his travels and stays abroad, albeit he
acknowledged that most of his ecological ideas stem from his experiences in
marine environments. Margalef, now
with his international contacts, jumped
to participate in numerous cruises in
the Western Mediterranean (Marc
Steyaert, from Belgium, was key in
providing ship time) and the Western
coast of Africa, with funding from FAO,
UNESCO or NATO.
In October 1965, García del Cid,
died run over by a car. Fellow scientists
proposed Margalef as the new director
of the IIP. He accepted, but not wholeheartedly since he despised the bureaucracy that took precious science time
away. International connections were
maintained and reinforced. Margalef
managed to invest the meager budget
in modernizing the oceanographic
equipment.Weekly lab meetings were established to discuss work progress. Some
fellow scientists would have probably felt
overwhelmed by the seemingly endless
work capacity and broad knowledge
of Margalef and perhaps uneasy to be
on the spot if they had not done much
during the past week. Margalef was an
easy, good-natured person, but he would
13
counter stupidity, laziness or frivolousness with irony or sarcasm. He was not
careless with the military or politicians
responsible for science and funding
in Spain but he would not spend one
minute of his time lubricating these
relationships. Not all were enthusiasts
of Margalef ’s ways.What is clear is that
in a couple of years, the IIP became
an internationally recognized player in
oceanography and all benefited.
From the early years at the IIP,
Margalef ’s intellectual interests quickly
turned towards the theoretical implications at the system level that he distilled
from observations and experience and
blended with intellectual inference.
Aquatic organisms and systems were the
object of study but also templates, examples and testing grounds for a higher
level purpose: ecological theory. In spring
1956 Margalef gave a talk (Temporal
succession and spatial heterogeneity in natural
phytoplankton) at a meeting in California
organized by the Scripps Institute of
Oceanography and the Office of Naval
Research where he touched on applying
concepts of information theory to the
structure and dynamism of communities
of organisms. It caught immediate interest among the audience.The account
of places he visited in this two month
trip to America is amazing (TrentonWashington-San Diego-La Jolla-Los
Angeles-San Francisco-WashingtonNew Haven-Boston-Woods HoleWashington-Puerto Rico-Key WestWashington-New York-Trenton and
back to Madrid and Barcelona). Besides
the talk at Scripps, he gave talks in Los
Angeles on mechanisms for the occurrence of red tides in the Ría de Vigo and
at the geochronology lab in Yale on work
with sediments also from Vigo. In Puerto
Rico he studied plankton and made
collaboration connections for the future
besides getting to know the coral reefs,
the mangroves and the rain forest. In
California he met brother Ginés, a Basque
of the La Salle Institution that was teaching in Venezuela. Later on he would visit
Isla Margarita (Venezuela) often, together
with other scientists from Barcelona and
help set up a marine lab.
Back in Barcelona he felt like
someone had clipped his wings, referring more to the research atmosphere
than to the poor funding. He told his
friend Guillem Colom he really liked
the States and that he felt there more at
home than in some European countries. He also hinted to Colom that he
had been offered a position and that he
was thinking about it. In April 4, 1957
his inaugural paper as a new member
of the Real Academia de Ciencias y
Artes de Barcelona was titled La Teoría
de la Información en Ecología elaborating
on the ideas presented at Scripps. This
paper, written in Spanish, did not have
much immediate impact at home. It
did get translated into English in the
journal General Systematics in 1958. By
this time the English-speaking scientific
world was really becoming aware of
Margalef ’s novel ideas. When in 1963,
the paper On certain unifying principles
in ecology appeared in the journal The
14
Working aboard Biomar in Venezuela (April 1965). Courtesy of the Margalef family.
15
American Naturalist, Margalef ’s international recognition as a world leading
ecologist became established. This paper
became a Citation Classic in 1980 and
is one of the top ten journal articles
that biologists consider to have had the
greatest impact in their career training21.
Margalef had ties with the
University of Barcelona where from
the mid-sixties he taught the optional
course on Ecology. The laboratory
part of the course he gave at the IIP.
In 1967 Margalef was 48 years old and
had authored 263 publications. That
year, the first Ecology Chair in Spain
was established at the University of
Barcelona; Margalef applied and was
hired. He resigned as director of the IIP
but kept working at both places, three
days at the University and three days at
the Institute, until 1974.
idea of leaving Barcelona and the Chair
of Ecology was the solution.
He taught at eight in the morning
or at eight in the evening so that he
had time to do research and to write.
Margalef used to make an outline of
his lectures on small library cards. Once
started, he would follow the outline
loosely, diverting to other issues while
following his train of thought. His
ecology lectures were highly stimulating,
with interesting examples and connecting different aspects and disciplines to
one particular issue. Often times, such
connections would become so obvious
after Margalef had made them that
advanced students were left wondering
why it had not occurred to themselves
before! He would expose students to
cutting edge research and the latest
publications and provide the leads to unsolved or unanswered research questions.
The lectures were probably frustrating to
those students expecting textbook-like
information.The rest were in awe.
Students at the university were
eager to learn and Margalef took his
first formal graduate students, with
a predominance of marine study
subjects. He directed students much
in the same way he lectured, providing leads that students would have to
explore and develop themselves. His
office door was literally always open
and Margalef ready to be interrupted
by students or fellow scientists. When
nobody was taking advantage of his
discussion or advice, he would sit down
in front of his typewriter incessantly
1968-1974 Transition
Margalef ’s Ecology Chair at the
University of Barcelona was not set
up by chance but tailored for him. His
international recognition was extremely
high and fellow scientists at the university feared he might leave for offers in
the U.S. Funding for oceanography in
Spain was scarce and the political and
military apathy for scientific advancement hard for Margalef to deal with.
Probably, his wife Maria resisted the
21 Barrett, G.W. and K.E. Mabry. 2002.
Twentieth-Century Classic Books and
Benchmark Publications in Biology.
BioScience 52: 282-285.
16
typing page after page of a scientific
paper or book with little or no typing
errors. In a November 1972 letter to
his paleontologist friend in Mallorca,
Guillem Colom, Margalef mentions
that he had just finished his Ecología
textbook that had absorbed most of his
work capacity for over one year. It is
true that besides the 951 page textbook
published in 1974, Margalef published
only 28 papers between 1971 and
1974! The chapter on diversity found
in the textbook, including the different
diversity indices, is arguably his single
most well known scientific contribution to ecology students.
In May 1966 he was invited to lecture at the University of Chicago, home
of an important ecological school of
thought. Margalef partly dethroned
classical population biology and related
ecosystem ecology to information
theory, thermodynamics and cybernetics. The lectures resulted in the first
volume of the Chicago Series in Biology
under the title Perspectives in Ecological
Theory (1968), another highlight of
his career. Ed Deevey concluded his
review of the book for Limnology and
Oceanography asking what would the
Chicago Series do for an encore after
such breathtaking start22.
Margalef ’s publications of this period
largely concerned studies of marine
plankton.This was an exciting time
for oceanographers in Spain. In 1970
Margalef organized a workshop on
Analysis of Upwelling Systems, a hot
topic of the time. Scientists working on
two research vessels in the area (T.G.
Thompson from the University of
Washington and Jean Charcot from
France) joined the meeting of over 100
attendants. In 1971, after many years
of bureaucratic battling for a modern
oceanographic research vessel that
Spain lacked despite the importance of
Spanish fishing interests, the new Cornide
de Saavedra set course to its first cruise.
Margalef, with his international contacts,
had assembled a team of oceanographers
from the IIP (labs in Barcelona and
Vigo), the University of Washington,
North Carolina University and the
Université de Marseille for an integrated
study (nutrients, bacteria, phytoplankton,
zooplankton, fish, benthos, sediments and
paleoceanography) of the North Africa
upwelling system.Technology highlights
included on-line continuous nutrient
analysis and an on-board computer for
data analysis.The cruise had its share of
technical problems and gave meaning to
an often repeated sentence Margalef used
to quote from a famous physicist “a good
scientist should be able to drill a hole with
a file and to file with a drill bit”23. Many
ecologists and oceanographers, isolated in
22 Deevey, E.S. 1969. Book review of
“Margalef, R. 1968. Perspectives in
Ecological Theory. Univ. Chicago Press,
Chicago, Ill. 11 p. $4.50.” Limnology and
Oceanography. 14: 313-315.
23 Margalef, R. 1971. Una campaña
oceanográfica del <<Cornide de
Saavedra>> en la región de afloramiento
del noroeste africano. Investigación
Pesquera 35 (suppl.): 1-39.
17
Ramon Margalef giving a lecture. Courtesy of the Margalef family.
18
most well known paper in the aquatic
sciences community and one that keeps
prodding research nowadays. In the
abstract we can read:
“The combination of sedimentation with
turbulence or variance in the components of
velocity is believed to be the most important
factor in the biology of phytoplankton.
Consequently, the best predictor of primary
production and of dominant life-forms in
phytoplankton is the available external energy,
on which advection and turbulence depend.”
Margalef established a conceptual framework connecting temporal
fluctuations in nutrients and energy at
different scales in the environment to
the dominance of different groups of
phytoplankton including groups such
as red-tide forming dinoflagellates.
It is his famous mandala. There is an
obvious connection trying to explain
Hutchinson’s paradox. Small-scale
fluctuations as well as seasonal fluctuations allow a recurring succession of
communities even with a range of
reproduction strategies within a system
of apparent uniformity. This idea had
most certainly matured in Margalef ’s
mind over many years from his early
plankton time series and was influenced
by the advances in physical oceanography. In more general terms, external or
auxiliary energy with respect to a system,
natural or anthropomorphized, was
seen as relevant to determine community structure and production.
At the Department of Ecology, he
started to shift gears back to limnology,
and increasingly to theoretical ecology.
the middle of nowhere, have had to put
this quote into practice. Margalef was an
expert at it.
Margalef received the Prince
Albert I Medal from the Institute
Océanographique in Paris in 1972.
It is no wonder that marine studies
were taking over, with the exceptions
mentioned above. It is also interesting
to note the start of the idea to include
man as an integrative part of the
biosphere, first published in Catalan24.
1975-1993 The Department
of Ecology Years
It was in 1974 that Margalef had to
leave his position at the CSIC because
of a governmental payroll nonsense
of incompatibility between the
University of Barcelona and the CSIC.
He continued to be on the governing
board of the IIP until 1977 and he kept
going to the lab, albeit less frequently.
As they were finishing their Ph.D.,
Margalef ’s former doctoral students
would continue working on many of
his ideas at the different marine labs.
In 1978 Margalef published a paper
titled “Life-forms of phytoplankton as
survival alternatives in an unstable environment25.” This is perhaps Margalef ’s
24 Margalef, R. 1971. L’home, part de la
biosfera i objecte d’estudi de l’ecologia.
Treballs de la Societat Catalana de
Biologia. 30: 13-25. Eng. Man, part of the
biosphere and object of study in ecology.
25 Margalef, R. 1978. Life-forms of
phytoplankton as survival alternatives in
an unstable environment. Oceanologica
Acta. 1: 493-509.
19
Major funding came in during the seventies. The International Commission
on Large Dams was to hold its XI
Congress in Madrid in 1973. Despite
growing concerns of eutrophication
and water quality, the Spanish government realized that almost nothing was
known regarding the limnology of its
own over 700 reservoirs. In a hurry
government officials were sent to the
U.S. to seek advice and find a suitable
scientific team to start a study. In the
States, the Spanish officials learned that
one of the world leading limnologists,
Margalef, was actually Spanish. Margalef
was granted a program for a complete
study of the limnology of reservoirs
across Spain with over one hundred
sites26; a major effort that required
new teams of scientists and students.
This was no problem, as both were
constantly knocking at Margalef ’s door
eager to work with him.
The weekly seminars Margalef had
started at the IIP continued at the
University. They were held Thursday
evenings and nicknamed sessions de
màgia or dijous màgics by attending students and researchers27. If no one had
prepared anything to discuss, Margalef
would just simply start a discussion
subject as if pulling out a rabbit from
a magician’s hat. Thermodynamics and
game theory would easily mix with
the latest lab results or field observations to build on some theoretical
ecology idea. Physicists, geologists,
mathematicians from other departments
and schools would often attend these
informal seminars that had a holistic
mindset. Formal lectures were also
packed despite the early morning or
late afternoon schedule and Margalef ’s
unorthodox pedagogic skills. At the
Department of Ecology he would
not impose his ways and would rarely
interfere probably with the exception
of buying books of the most varied
subjects for the Department’s library,
many of which others would not even
try to start reading.
In 1983 Margalef published his
textbook Limnología28, written in a
similar record-time as Ecología. Both
books had a deep influence on several
generations of scientists worldwide but
mainly in Spain and Latin America.
Peter Vila, a fellow graduate student
of mine at the University of Georgia,
started to translate Limnología into
English in the late 80’s or early 90’s but
the timing was not right for publishers
and the project was cancelled. A few
years before, Margalef published La
Biosfera: entre la termodinámica y el juego29,
where his ideas on the organization of
matter and energy in dynamic ecosystems, the relationship between diversity
and ecosystem stability, and the place
26Conversation with Lluís Campàs, August
2009.
27Armengol, J. 2006. Ramon Margalef
(1919-2004): teacher and researcher.
Limnetica. 25: i-vii.
28 Margalef, R. 1983. Limnología. Omega.
Barcelona, 1010 pp.
29 Eng.,The Biosphere: between thermodynamics and gaming
20
Aboard the research vessel García del Cid on Margalef’s last cruise in 1999.
21
and role of man in the biosphere were
further developed. I can only imagine
that it must have been highly stimulating to discuss these issues with scientists
like Howard and Eugene Odum while
advising for the Biosphere II project,
that studied closed (ecological) systems
in a facility in Arizona with expectations of a future space application.
Energy, nutrient cycles, water, waste,
human interaction, self sufficiency...
Margalef traveled often, not only to
attend meetings, go on cruises or field
trips, and visit other laboratories but
also to teach courses worldwide, always
avid to interact with interesting people.
His university teaching schedule now
limited his travel mainly to the summer
months. His children were growing
up and Maria would often accompany
him. In one visit to Melbourne, Maria
was hit by a car and had to be hospitalized in Australia for several months.
This accident left Maria limping for the
rest of her life, but would not deter her
from accompanying Ramon.
Margalef received the highest distinctions, among them those by fellow
scientists in the fields of oceanography
(A.G. Huntsman Award, 1980) and
limnology (Naumann- Thienemann
Medal, 1989). In acceptance speeches
and otherwise, Margalef, a humble
character, often mentioned scientists that had influenced his own
thinking (Josias Braun-Blanquet,
August Thienemann, the Tonollis,
Wolfe Harvey, Evelyn Hutchinson,
Thomas Park, the Odums, Robert
MacArthur...). In 1984 he was awarded
the Ramón y Cajal prize from the
Ministry of Education and Science of
the Spanish Government. The nomination came with over 600 letters of
support from around the globe30. G.E.
Hutchinson wrote:“I am delighted to
hear that you are honoring my old friend
Ramon Margalef... Ramon has contributed
immensely to all aspects of aquatic and
general ecology. He is one of the very few
people who have worked in the field who
can excel in both theory and practice, using
the one to illuminate the other.”
In 1986 Margalef had to administratively retire from his position at
the University of Barcelona although
he was shortly thereafter nominated
Emeritus Professor and not much
changed in his day-to-day work or
dedication to students, as thirteen more
doctorate dissertations were directed.
It is true though that he started
delegating scientific project leadership
to the younger faculty, who were
filling the positions of a growing
ecology department. While Margalef
hosted many visiting professors and
students, Margalefian disciples had
started to seed other universities in
Spain and the Americas.
1994-2004 Retirement
At the age of 74 Ramon Margalef officially retired, albeit the Department of
Ecology maintained an office for him
to work whenever he pleased. He also
30Conversation with Tecla Riera on Sep.
14, 2009.
22
used to visit the Institut de Ciències del
Mar (CSIC), formerly the IIP, to talk
to friends and keep in touch with the
latest findings. Marta Estrada, former
student of Margalef and now CSIC
professor herself, would ask him to look
at a series of plankton samples or some
unusual organism that had appeared.
His eyes would spark with enthusiasm looking through the old Wild
microscope Marta keeps in her office.
Margalef had also had a microscope in
his office all along his scientific lifetime.
He would meet students and ask them
what they were doing and point them
to literature references and, if interested,
he would start relating their research to
many other fields even beyond science.
Students were happy if they understood
a fraction of such thoughts. I remember
showing him a new monopoint acoustic Doppler velocimeter to measure
turbulence, proud to be working on a
subject he had spurred with so many
ideas. He said, the shape of the sensor
head resembled a Ceratium and that
these dinoflagellates were probably
aware of flow in three-dimensions with
sensing elements at their spine tips
in geometric analogy to the acoustic
device. This would allow Ceratium to
orientate itself for vertical migrations
and to avoid turbulence that would
interfere with its swimming. There is a
thesis to be developed there for anyone
wishing to take the lead.
Awards and distinctions kept pouring in. Margalef did not care much
about these events that distracted him
from doing science. Maria, his wife,
was always there to persuade him to
take the time for such social recognitions. Margalef was especially fond
of the 1995 International Ecology
Institute (ECI) Prize because it came
with the possibility to author a book
for the series Excellence in Ecology.
The result was Our biosphere (1997),
[published, absolutely without censorship]
Margalef wrote for his ASLO Lifetime
Achievement Award (2000) acceptance
speech. This book is a summary of
many of Margalef ’s thinking avenues
that he kept refining over the years.
Succession and evolution, dynamics of
diversity and biodiversity, dissipative
self-organizing systems, phosphorus in
ecosystems, mankind and biosphere as
a whole, are just some issues that he
updated in the book. A paragraph in
the introduction is inspiring:
“For most topics that concern ecology, I
like poets more than lawyers, and feel more
inclined to fantasy, feeling and inspirations than to rigor, consistency and even
responsibility. In my views on environmental
problems, I feel more attracted by the origin
of the troubles than by their solutions, at
least in the way the problem is usually being
faced at present.”
Margalef did not think much of
the environmentalist movement where
causes were defended to great lengths
based on faith rather than science. But
during his whole life, and especially
in his later years, he was genuinely
concerned about many environmental issues: the use of freshwater, the
23
overexploitation of fisheries, pollution,
world food supply and what he called
the inversion in topology. This last
issue refers to the fact that landscape is
quickly becoming humanized with few
and small spots left relatively undisturbed compared to previous times
when a relatively undisturbed landscape
was spotted with human intervention.
How this ecosystem change in structure affected function and evolution
was a favorite subject.
Ramon Margalef passed away
Sunday, May 23, 2004 a few days after
turning 85 years old. He had authored
over 537 publications, 76 since retirement in 1993, and was writing to his
last days while battling a cancer. A
religious man for soul matters, days
before, he was joking about the fate of
his nutrients. His playful eyes reminding
of his words:
“Nature should be looked at with the
eyes of a child – inquisitive and searching –
which do not take anything for granted and
question everything.”
His soul was to be followed by his
wife Maria only one week later to
continue their love story.
Margalef in the garden of his summer house in Aiguafreda in 2004. Courtesy of the Margalef family.
24
THE
PUBLICATIONS
OF RAMON
MARGALEF
(18%), Catalan (14%), and French
(4.8%). He also published three papers
in Italian, two in German and one
book in Russian, that was translated for
him despite the fact that he had some
knowledge of the language.
Margalef first published in English
in 1948, five years after his first paper
and after authoring or co-authoring
over 37 publications. Having a naturalist
start, it was only natural to publish most
of his early results in languages close
to the source of his studies following
European tradition. Later on he would
publish more in English but he would
never leave Spanish and also significantly contribute in Catalan. Why? I
will here speculate to a large degree
and even go out on a limb. I believe
Margalef never actively sought public
or even scientific prominence, which
would have been probably even greater
had he published most of his work in
English. He loved to write and would
never refuse an invitation to contribute
to a meeting, a book, or a journal,
adapting to the readership whatever the
language and format.
Spanish society had never regarded
science highly and it was customary to
publish the meager scientific output in
Spanish. Post Civil War Spain of general
Franco was an autarchy, a country relatively isolated, that did not help in the
internationalization of science. Despite
this unfavorable environment, Margalef
was the catalyst that started three different journals (Publicaciones del Instituto de
Margalef was a prolific writer with a
charming prose. He published every
single year from 1943 to 2003, that is 61
years, plus a posthumous book chapter
in 2005. Publications total over 538,
including books and book chapters,
with an annual mean and median of
eight and a range of two to 19 publications per year31. An unknown number
of publications, probably over 15, still
await complete confirmation. Published
page count is tallied at over 25000.
More astounding is that most publications (87%) are single authored, and in
only 21 (3.9%) Margalef is not the first
author. A large amount of this information is written in languages other than
English and is the descriptive, experimental, theoretical and philosophical
basis of his most well known contributions in the field of plankton structure
and theoretical ecology. Margalef was a
polyglot and published in seven different languages, with Spanish the most
numerous (63%), followed by English
31 Peters, F. Guadayol, Ò., Marrasé, C.,
Sabata, A. 2005. Plankton response to
turbulence and nutrient load in an
annual cycle: A tribute to Margalef. 2005
ASLO Summer Meeting, Santiago de
Compostela, Spain; Peters, F. 2006. Look
for Margalef ’s written contributions.
Scientia Marina. 70: 161-161.
25
Biología Aplicada32 in 1945, Investigación
Pesquera20 in 1955, and Oecologia Aquatica
in 1973), and contributed profusely
to them, bringing at least Investigación
Pesquera (later Scientia Marina) to widespread international recognition. Did
he contribute to these journals mostly
in Spanish so that the local authorities
would be more content and cover the
costs of the journals? Maybe. Francisco
García del Cid, mentor of Ramon
Margalef in the early years and director
of the IIP until his death in 1965, felt
more comfortable than Margalef in the
bureaucratic hallways of Madrid and
could have talked him into the convenience to publish in Spanish. Just maybe.
Since an early age, Margalef sought
information in any language it was
available and probably this reflected in
his not worrying about the language
he was using to write, assuming that
readers would make the extra effort
if genuinely interested. It does seem
that Margalef ’s textbooks Ecología and
Limnología were consciously written
in Spanish to aid students in their
courses at the University of Barcelona
and in Latin America. Margalef visited
many Latin American universities and
research centers and taught numerous
courses. In fact, the book Comunidades
Naturales33 was the result of lectures in
Puerto Rico and served as a basis for
the later Ecología. Also the book Ecología
Marina34, with several chapters contributed by Margalef, served to teach
students from both sides of the Atlantic.
At a time when English was not as
extended in universities of Spanishspeaking countries as it is today,
Margalef probably felt that textbooks
would do a greater service in Spanish.
Margalef accepted most all invitations to contribute in writing. He
went to numerous meetings and it
was not unusual for him to publish
his most recent results in the hard to
find congress and workshop proceedings. Interested scientists would have
attended the meeting and, if not, they
could find their way to the source.
This would also explain why Margalef,
despite his renowned contributions,
has no papers in Nature or Science and
only contributed once to Limnology
and Oceanography. Most likely he did
not even consider these issues, as
setting up a higher impact publication
strategy would have distracted him
from writing itself. Another aspect to
take into account is Margalef ’s writing
33 Margalef, R. 1962. Comunidades naturales. Publicación especial. Instituto de
Biología Marina. Universidad de Puerto
Rico. Mayaguez. 469 pp. Eng., Natural
Communities.
34 Ginés, H., Margalef, R. 1967. Ecología
Marina. Fundación La Salle de Ciencias
Naturales. Caracas. pp. 711. Eng., Marine
Ecology.
32 Eng., Publications of the Institute of Applied
Biology.
26
style, tending to relate many different
disciplines to a particular scientific issue
and with an inclination to philosophical considerations about science, that
would not fit easily into orthodox
journal templates. His books, book
chapters and meeting proceedings
allowed the greater freedom he needed
to fully develop his ideas.
All in all, many of Margalef ’s
publications are not easily available, an
issue I have tried to partly remediate by
providing web access to most of them
(www.icm.csic.es/bio/margalef), with
an accomplished quality proportional
to the support I have received in this
endeavor.
rather the same both in conversation and
lectures, Eugene Odum. Perhaps it is not
by chance that both are two of the pillars
of 20th century ecosystem ecology.
If Margalef was good at knowing
facts and generous at transmitting them
to students and colleagues, he was
unmatched at providing interesting,
thought-provoking ideas for research
subjects, leads, as I called them above,
to develop whole theses and even
research careers. Margalef taught at the
University of Barcelona from 1955,
but not exclusively. He also lectured at
Woods Hole, the Université de Paris
and Institute Océanographique, the
University of Chicago, the Universidad
Nacional Autónoma de México,
Yale University, the University of
Peruggia, the Instituto Agronómico
Mediterráneo de Zaragoza, the
Université Laval, the Université du
Québec at Montréal, the University
of California at Davis, and in Puerto
Rico and Venezuela, among others.
Everywhere he inspired generations
of students and researchers in limnology, oceanography and theoretical
ecology. I would consider his former
graduate students, many now holding
important positions in academia and
otherwise, a rather heterogeneous
group bound together as disciples of
Margalef and in Margalefian thinking.
He generated, probably despite his own
will, an ecological school of thought
or rather a school of thinking about
EXCELLENCE IN
EDUCATION
Education is an experience that has a
formative effect on the mind or character or both of an individual. Ramon
Margalef was an excellent educator. His
classes were packed with students avid
for his teaching even if they were only
comprehending but a sliver of his reasoning. I would think that his lectures were
an unconscious reflection of his mental
process, with oral information output
necessarily lagging behind a leaping
mind that was touching on diverse bits
of information all related to a particular
subject.Talking to him was a similar
experience. Interestingly, I have met
only one other person who would do
27
science35. In aquatic sciences perhaps
his greatest contribution that we can
readily grasp is the dynamic structuring
of plankton driven by nutrients and
energy fluctuations. He would not take
this as a static, dogmatic idea but rather
would continuously revise it in light of
new advances in knowledge. Margalef
never tried to impose his science even
when directing doctoral dissertations,
or any other views for that matter.
Nevertheless, people around him were
becoming Margalefian by osmosis, and
by way of example, as small children
acquire information and become
educated by following role models.
Margalef emphasized hands-on work,
“you need to go out and bump your head
against the trees,” he would say. Curiosity
and careful observation of nature was
the basis for later inferences. His scientific findings and views, his approach
to science, his attitude towards environmentalism and his life philosophy
are luckily available for all humanity
in his numerous writings that include
26 published books, seven of which
can be considered science popularization works although with a rigorous
science flavor. A selected excerpt
35Conversation with Jordi Camp, August
2009
Teaching a laboratory course. Courtesy of the Margalef family.
28
translated from his first book in 1943
could fit perfectly well in an interview
in the eighties or nineties, showing an
astounding freshness even today.
“Everyone grants art the right to survive
on its own essence,...on the contrary no one
tires of asking science for its fruits, without
considering that science too can have a
human and social meaning independent of
practical interests, which are benefits spun
off in addition, its source extinguished as
soon as we stupidly ignore the value of pure
research with no utilitarian prejudice.”36
Margalef was also a moral authority
to be followed. His humanity was as
large as his work capacity and inference
abilities. He was a kind and modest
person that never spoke badly of anyone
else. In compensation I have not heard
a single out of chord word about him
from anyone that had met him. This is
also education. Carles Bas, a fellow fisheries oceanographer from the early days
and later director of the IIP, mentions
how Margalef visited him at the hospital
every week during his 90-day stay after
an accident. They were not close friends
but Margalef was his only regular visitor
and would chat with him for a while,
update him on the daily businesses at
the IIP and, of course, inform him on
new bibliography.
Ramon Margalef was a naturalist,
a limnologist, an oceanographer, an
ecologist, an entomologist, a biogeographer, a humanist, ... A fitting remark
of Josefina Castellví was that “talking
about ecology was talking about Margalef
but talking about Margalef was much more
than talking about ecology.” In these days
of compartmentalization of science, of
scientific career races (without rearview mirrors!), and of increasing interest in the self, it is a soothing choice
for education, in its broadest sense, to
attach Ramon Margalef ’s name to the
ASLO Excellence in Education Award.
36Author translation.
29
AWARDS AND HONORS37
1972.
Prince Albert I Medal, Institut Océanographique de Paris.
1973.
Doctor Honoris Causa, Université Aix-Marseille, France.
1980.A.G. Huntsman Award for Excellence in Marine Research, Bedford
Institute of Oceanography.
1983.
Doctor Honoris Causa, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Catalunya, Spain.
1983.Narcís Monturiol Medal, Department of Universities, Research and
Information Society of the Catalan Government.
1984.
Member of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA.
1984.Santiago Ramón y Cajal Prize, Spanish Ministry of Education and Science.
1985.
Doctor Honoris Causa, Universitat Ramon Llull, Catalunya, Spain.
1987.
Doctor Honoris Causa, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
1987.
Honorary Foreign Member Award, Ecological Society of America.
1989.
Italgas prize for Environmental Sciences.
1989.Naumann-Thienemann Medal, International Association of Theoretical
and Applied Limnology (SIL)
1990.Alexander von Humboldt Award.
1990.Catalan Research Foundation Prize, Catalan Government.
1990.
Knight commander of the Order of Alfonso X the Wise.
37 Meetings, symposia, workshops, and other formats have been organized in honor of
Ramon Margalef and are too numerous to mention exhaustively. I would like to point out
three. First “Ros, J, Prat, N. (eds.). 1991. Homage to Ramon Margalef or, Why is there such
pleasure in studying nature. Oecologia aquatica, 10.” is a collection of papers that appeared to celebrate Margalef ’s 70th birthday. Second, the 2001 European Marine Biology
Symposium held in Menorca honored Margalef and resulted in two special volumes of
Scientia Marina: “Gili, J.M., Pretus, J.L., Packard, T.T. (eds.). 2001. A marine science odyssey
into the 21st century. Sci. Mar. 65(Suppl.2)” and “Ros, J.D., Packard, T.T., Gili, J.M., Pretus,
J.L., Blasco, D. (eds.). 2004. Biological oceanography at the turn of the millenium. Sci. Mar.
68(Suppl.1)”. Third, several Iberian scientific societies organized a posthumous symposium
held in Barcelona under the title Unity in Diversity. A Conference on Ecology after the Legacy
of Ramon Margalef that also resulted in the book “Valladares, F., Camacho, A., Elosegi, A.,
Gracia, C., Estrada, M., Senar, J.C., Gili, J.M. (eds.). 2008. Unity in Diversity: reflections on
Ecology after the Legacy of Ramon Margalef. Fundación BBVA, Bilbao.”
30
1993.
International Prize for the Environment San Francesco d’Assisi, Italy.
1994.
Doctor Honoris Causa, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Argentina.
1995.
International Ecology Institute Prize.
1997.Sant Jordi Cross Award of the Catalan Government
1998.
Grand Prix d’Océanographie de Monaco.
1998.
Honorary Forestry Engineer of the Polytechnic University of Madrid,
Spain.
1999.
Doctor Honoris Causa, Universitat d’Alacant, Spain.
1999.A Ramon Margalef prize in Ecology is established by the Catalan Studies
Institute
2000.ASLO Lifetime Achievement award.
2002.
Gold Medal of the CSIC.
2003.
Gold Medal Award of the Catalan Government.
Posthumous
2004.Award of the Department of the Environment of the Catalan Government
2004.The Ramon Margalef prize in Ecology is established by the Catalan
Government.
2005.The main building of the School of Biology of the University of Barcelona
is named after Ramon Margalef.
2005.A Ramon Margalef prize is established by the Social Council of the
University of Barcelona to a student paper in Experimental or Health
Sciences.
2009.A new research vessel of the Spanish Oceanographic Institute is named
after Ramon Margalef.
2009.ASLO’s Excellence in Education Award is named after Ramon Margalef.
31
ORGANISMS NAMED AFTER
RAMON MARGALEF
Acartia margalefi Alcaraz, 1976 (Animalia, Arthropoda, Copepoda)
Microcharon margalefi Sabater & de
Alexandrium margalefi Balech, 1994
Manuel, 1988 (Animalia, Arthropoda,
(Protoctista, Dinoflagellata)
Isopoda)
Amphora margalefi var. lacustris Sanchez,
Oncidium margalefi (Plantae,
1993 (Protoctista, Bacillariophyta)
Angiospermophyta, Liliopsida,
Antillobia margalefi Altaba, 1993
Orchidales)
(Animalia, Mollusca, Gastropoda)
Ophelina margaleffi Sardá, Gil, Taboada
Echinogammarus margalefi Pinkster, 1973
& Gili, 2009 (Animalia, Annelida,
(Animalia, Arthropoda, Amphipoda)
Polychaeta)
Ephemeroporus margalefi Alonso, 1987
(Animalia, Arthropoda, Cladocera)
Oxytoxum margalefii Rampi, 1969
(Protoctista, Dinoflagellata)
Hemimysis margalefi Alcaraz, Riera
& Gili, 1986 (Animalia, Arthropoda,
Mysidacea)
Picarola margalefii Cros & Estrada,
2004 (Protoctista, Haptophyta,
Coccolithophorida)
Lecane margalefi de Manuel, 1994
(Animalia, Rotifera)
Pseudoniphargus margalefi Notenboom,
1987 (Animalia, Arthropoda,
Amphipoda)
Lepadella margalefi De Ridder, 1964
(Animalia, Rotifera)
Stephos margalefi Riera,Vives &
Gili, 1991 (Animalia, Arthropoda,
Copepoda)
Margalefia intermedia Pagès, Bouillon
& Gili 1991 (Animalia, Cnidaria,
Hydrozoa)
Typhlocirolana margalefi Pretus, 1986
(Animalia, Arthropoda, Isopoda)
32
DOCTORAL THESIS DIRECTED
1971. Dolors Blasco Font de Rubinat.
Acumulación de nitritos en
determinados niveles marinos
por acción del fitoplancton.
1976. F. Xavier Niell Castanera.
Estudios sobre la estructura,
dinámica y producción del fitobentos intermareal (facies rocosa)
de la Ría de Vigo.
1972. M. Dolors Planas Mont.
Composición, ciclo y productividad del fitoplancton del lago de
Banyoles.
1976. Julia Toja Santillana. Estudio
limnológico comparado de dos
embalses con distinto grado de
eutrofia (Aracena y La Minilla).
1973. oandomènec Ros i Aragonès.
Opistobranquios (Gastropoda:
Euthyneura) del litoral Ibérico:
Estudio faunístico y ecológico.
1976. Ferran Vallespinós Riera. Estudio
comparado del metabolismo del
nitrógeno en bacterias y cianofíceas: relaciones con el ciclo del
carbono e importancia ecológica.
1974. M. Rosa Miracle Solé. Estructura
y dinámica de las poblaciones de
la comunidad zooplanctónica del
lago de Banyoles.
1977. Miquel Alcaraz Medrano.
Ecología, competencia y segregación en especies congenéricas de copépodos (Acartia).
1976. Antonio Cruzado Alorda.
Afloramiento costero en el
Atlántico nororiental. Análisis
del ecosistema en sus aspectos
de hidrografía y producción
primaria.
1977. Joan Armengol Bachero. Los
crustáceos planctónicos en los
embalses españoles.
1978. Narcís Prat Fornells. Ecología y
sistemática de los Quironómidos
(Insecta Diptera) de los embalses
españoles.
1976. Marta Estrada Miyares. Estudios
sobre las poblaciones de organismos acuáticos en medio no
uniforme.
1979. Francesc Amat Doménech.
Diferenciación y distribución
de las poblaciones de Artemia
(Crustacea, Branchiopoda) de
España.
1976. Felipe Javier Fernández
González. Influencia de la luz,
temperatura y materia orgánica
particulada en la actividad
metabólica y en la alimentación
de los copépodos planctónicos.
1980. Jordi Flos Bassols. Material
en suspensió oceànic i la seva
distribució en el Mediterrani
Occidental.
33
1981. Francisco A. Comín Sebastián.
Limnología de las lagunas
costeras del delta del Ebro:
características físico químicas y
fitoplancton de la Encañizada.
1985. Javier Romero Martinengo.
Estudio ecológico de las
fanerógamas marinas de la costa
catalana: producción primaria de
Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile en
las Islas Medes.
1981. Tecla Riera Figueras.Variabilitat
morfològica de Tropocyclops i
Temora: Aproximació crítica a l’ús
generalitzat de la biometria en la
taxonomia dels copèpodes.
1985. Luís Zúñiga Molinier. Ecología
de los entomostráceos planctónicos de los lagos nord
patagónicos.
1983. Carlos A. Gracia i Alonso. La
clorofila en los encinares del
Montseny: Interpretación como
una optimización del aprovechamiento de la luz.
1986. Celia Marrasé Peña.
Experimentos multifactoriales con plancton marino en
microcosmos.
1987. Jordi Catalan Aguilà. Limnologia
de l’estany Redó (Pirineu
Central). El sistema pelàgic d’un
llac profund d’alta muntanya.
1983. M. Pilar López Laseras. Aguas
salinas epicontinentales próximas
a la costa mediterránea española:
estudio del medio.
1987. Ricardo Génova Fernández.
Análisis y significado de los
anillos de crecimiento en dos
especies forestales: Pinus uncinata
y Pinus silvestris en la Península
Ibérica.
1984. Enric Ballesteros i Sagarra. Els
vegetals i la zonació litoral: espècies i factors que influeixen en la
seva distribució.
1985. Miguel Alonso García-Amilibia.
Las lagunas de la España
peninsular: taxonomía, ecología y
distribución de los cladóceros.
1987. Emilia Gutiérrez Merino.
Dendrocronología de Fagus
silvatica, Pinus uncinata y P. silvestris
en Catalunya.
1985. Francisco Gómez Figueiras.
Ecología del fitoplancton de la
Ría de Pontevedra.
1987. Sergi Sabater Cortés. Estudi de
les poblacions d’algues del riu
Ter.
1985. Josep Peñuelas i Reixach. Briòfits
i fanerògames com a invasors
de les aigües dolces: distribució,
pigments, fonts de carboni i
I’obstacle dels espais aeris.
1988. Anna Àvila i Castells. Balanç
d’aigua i nutrients en una
conca d’alzinar al Montseny.
Codirector: Jaume A. Terrades i
Serra.
34
1990. Agustín Lobo Aleu. Estudios
sobre la organización espacial del bentos marino. Una
aproximación a través del
análisis de imagen digital y de la
modelización.
1988. Ricardo Iglesias Rios. Diversidad
taxonómica y ataxonómica
en poblaciones de insectos: un
ejemplo del ecosistema restinga.
1988. Antoni Palau Ybars. El embalse
de Baserca (Pirineos centrales,
Lérida). Estudio limnológico
de un embalse nuevo de alta
montaña con bombeo.
1994. Jordi Camp i Sancho.
Aproximaciones a la dinámica
ecológica de una bahía estuárica
mediterránea.
1988. Xavier Tomás Quevedo.
Diatomeas de las aguas epicontinentales saladas del litoral
mediterráneo de la Península
Ibérica.
1997. Gloria Vilaclara i Fatjo. Registro
de erupciones volcánicas en las
diatomitas lacustres de Tlaxcala,
México.
2001. M. Luïsa Cros i Miguel.
Planktonic coccolithophores of
the NW Mediterranean.
1990. M. José Gil Quílez. Estudios
sobre ácaros de aguas continentales españolas.
35
SCIENTIFIC GENEALOGY OF
RAMON MARGALEF
23
32 76
93 111
186
5 26
36 43
57 60
29
81 84
103 144
38 39 44
176 197
47 88 90
230
236 237
240
239
246
245
250
17
82 86
94 179
181 220
15 19
48 62
114 121
18
61 67 77
83 104 113 123
149 156 177
248
223
253
A. de Bolós
6
14
22
30 31 54
56 63
70
9
51 66
133 153 203
219 231 247
252
J. Braun-Blanquet
F. González-Bernáldez
R. MacArthur
210
224
RAMON MARGALEF
64 75
110 125
167 182
41
65 93 95
100 158 199
151
216 221 226
233
M. Parke
72
218
sé
91
115 116
174
142
201
202 205
241
a
arr
a M atalan
i
l
135
Cè rdi C
ova
180 211
Jo rdo Gén
213 225
z
Rica
e
228 232
109
utiérr
132 147
Emilia G
162 189 190
Sergi Sabater
200 227
Anna Àvi
131
249
la
Ric
155 208
An ardo Igle
209
sias
Xa toni
152
vie Pala
160 196
u
rT
om
204
212
às
215
l
Gi bo
é
Lo
os
. J ín
M ust mp
Ag di Ca
lara
Jor ria Vilac
Glo
s
Lluïsa Cro
11
55 49
139
161
165
187
198
Dolors
Dolo Blasco
Jo rs Plan
as
M and
A . R om
n
to osa ènec
Ros
ni Mi
r
o
Cr acle
uz
ad
o
1
27 34 52
74 127
2 3 4 7
129
8
10
13 16
20 24 12
53
35 37 40
58
68 69 71 89 92
79
97
136
112 118 120 130
170
171
145 159
166 192 193
46
59
101
108 134
172 187
217 243
76
da
tra
ez
Es
nd
rta erná
Ma ipe F
Fel ier Niell
Xav
Julia Toja
Ferran Vallespinós
Miquel A
lcaraz
Joa
Na n Arm
Fra rcís P engol
rat
nc
e
sc
Am
at
28
33
195 207 234
25
78 117
188
45
50 73 87
141 143 148
154 175
244
n
s
mí
Flo o Co
i
rd isc
Jo ranc iera
F cla R
ia
Te los Grac
Car
ez
p
Ló
r
ila
M. P
Enric Ballesteros
Miguel A
lonso
Fran
Jos cisco G
óme
Jav ep P
z
Lu ie
e
ís r Ro ñuela
s
Zú
me
ñi
ga ro
21
42 80 99
102 105 122 126
140 157
163 191
229 235 238
242 251
85
96 98 106
107
124 138
119
194
169
184 185
214
206
222
178
128
150 164
216
F. Bustinza
W. Harvey
H.T & E.G. Odum
137
146
168 173
183
P. Font i Quer
G.E. Hutchinson
A. Thienemann
V. & L. Tonolli
Scientific genealogy Blume of Ramon Margalef. Children are placed in clockwise order of graduation year
and last name starting at 6 o’clock. Numbers inside the circles correspond to grandchildren (see next page).
The ground contains the names of some scientific nutrients. On the right, dandelion flower (Taraxacum
officinale) and seeds drifting away. Design and drawing by Miquel Alcaraz and Francesc Peters.
36
List of Margalef ’s scientific grandchildren (as of March 10, 2010), ordered by
graduation year and last name.
1. M. Ferreras
2. M.C. Fernández
3. V. Rodríguez
4. J. Iglesias
5. M.A. Puig
6. M. Zabala
7. A. Borja
8. M. Varela
9. M. Allard
10. P. Algarra
11. M. Delgado
12. J.A. Fernández
13. J.M. Fuentes
14. J.M. Gili
15. X. Fusté
16. F. López-Figueroa
17. F. Sabater
18. M. Serra
19. L.F. Villate
20. A. Corzo
21. E. Forés
22. A. Marín
23. A. Sabatés
24. M. Zapata
25. O. Delgado
26. B. García
27. C. Guisande
28. S. Mallo
29. A. Martínez
30. I.M. Pérez
31.A. Pérez
32.C. Prats
33. D.Vaqué
34. M.A. Casco
35. J.A. Gálvez
36. G. González
37. J.M. Gorostiaga
38.A. Gozalbo
39. F. Hontoria
40.C. Joménez
41. M.A. Martínez
42. M. Menéndez
43. I. Muñoz
44. J.C. Navarro
45. J. Piñol
46. J.R. Roca
47.N.Vieira
48. M. Barange
49.E. Berdalet
50. L. Casanova
51. G. Costan
52. I. Gallardo
53.C.M. García
54.N. Herdocio
55. M. Latasa
56.C. Marcos
57. X. Martínez
58. J.L. Pérez
59. J.L. Pretus
60. M. Rieradevall
61.S. Romo
62.E. Saiz
63. J. Terrados
64.R.E.Varela
65. M.Vidal
66. J. Bechara
67. M.J. Carmona
68. J.A. Carreira
69. V. Clavero
70. J. Gilabert
71. I. Hernández
72.A. Puig
73.A. Sala
74. L. Serrano
75. M. Alarcón
76. M. Carola
77.A. Esparcia
78.E. Gacia
79. J. Guinea
80. J.A. Herrera
81.C. Ibáñez
82. D. Jaume
83.R. Oltra
84. M. Real
85. M. Ribas
86. J.L. Riera
87.S. Sabaté
88. I.Varó
89. J.J.Vergata
90.C. Barata
91. L. Camarero
92. M.J. García
37
93. M.N. Méndez
94. J.I. Urrutia
95.T. Alcoverro
96. I. Filella
97.R. García
98. M. González
99. M.T. Martín
100. M.A. Mateo
101. G. Moncoiffé
102. X. Quintana
103. O. Soriano
104.T. Alfonso
105.C. de Hoyos
106.S. Elvira
107. M. Estiarte
108.E. Gómez
109. H. Guasch
110. K. Muniz
111. M. Palau
112. J. Aguilera
113. J. Armengol
114.A. Calbet
115. J.C. Donato
116. M. Felip
117. J. Garrabou
118.E. Labarta
119.R. Matamala
120. J. Mercado
121.E. Ribera
122. X. Rodó
123. M.A. Rodrigo
124. L. Serrano
125. Z.R.Velásquez
126. V. Astorga
127. M.D. Galindo
128.E. Garcés
129. M.A. Jiménez
130. F.J. López
131.A. Rodrigo
132.A. Romaní
133.C.Vanie
134. M.B. Arbones
135. J.J. Camarero
136.R. Carmona
137.C. Caurín
138. J. Llusià
139. X.A.G. Morán
140.E. Novella
141. J.M. Ortiz
142.S. Pla
143.E. Albeza
144.R. Arocena
145.E. Carnicas
146. M. De la Gándara
147.N. Ivorra
148. B. López
149. F. Mezquita
150.A. Olivos
151. J.M. Ruiz
152.T. Wendt
153. F. Arcos
154. O. Barrantes
155.A. Chaves
156. I. García
157.C. García
158. O. Invers
159. J.J. Izquierdo
160.A. Mantovani
161. M.T. Moita
162.E. Navarro
163. L. Troccoli
164. M.Vila
165. L. Arin
166.A. Avilés
167.N. Bahamón
168. J. Carrasquer
169.E. Castells
170.R.A. Costa
171.R. Martínez
172. L. Martínez
173. M.V. Martínez
174. J. Piera
175.E. Pla
176.N. Bonada
177. M.D. Boronat
178. G. Castilla
179. M. Comerma
180. M.F. de Araujo
181. M. del Castillo
182.N.S. Grimaldo
183. J. Ibarra
184. L. Llorens
185.R. Ogaya
186.S. Pueyo
187. B. Reguera
188.N. Sant
189.R. Trobajo
190. V. Acuña
191.N. Aranda
192.R. Figueroa
193. L. Palomo
194.A. Ribas
195. M. Sebastián
196. L. Serramo
197.C. Solà
198. J. Solé
199. F. Tomás
200.E.Vilalta
201. F. Bartumeus
202.T. Buchaca
203. M. Desrosiers
204. M. Sergio
205. M.Ventura
206. G. Alessio
207. M.A. Carrasco
208.S. Castillo
209. M. Escudero
210.A. Morales
211. M. Ribas
212. J. Alcázar
213. L. Andreu
214. D. Asensio
215. I. Cía
216. X. de Pedro
217. B. Gómez
218. Ò. Guadayol
219. J. Marty
220.R. Mercé
221. P. Prado
222. P. Prieto
223. L. Romero
224. M. Segura
38
225. F.J. Valente
226. A. Vergés
227. J. Artigas
228. E. Batllori
229. A. Cabezas
230. M.L. Correia
231. F. Cremona
232. M. Macias
233. B. Martínez-Crego
234. S. Moreno
235. D. Moreno
236. T. Puntí
237. B. Ríos
238. V. Rosas
239. O. Ruiz
240. R. Acosta
241. M. Bartrons
242. B. Gallardo
243. I.C. Gomes
244. T. Keenan
245. A. Munné
246. F. Múrria
247. M.J. Roux
248. M.D. Sendra
249. E. Tornés
250. M. Vila-Escalé
251. E. González
252. V. Leclerc
253. J. Marco
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF
RAMON MARGALEF
1943
1945
1)
12) Margalef, R. 1945. Algunos ostrácodos de
las aguas continentales del NE de España.
Publicaciones del Instituto de Biología
Aplicada. 2: 35-47.
13) Margalef, R. 1945. Curiosos pobladores del
suelo. Ibérica. 31: 1-4.
14) Margalef, R. 1945. Fitoplancton nerítico de
la Costa Brava catalana (Sector de Blanes).
Publicaciones sobre Biología Mediterránea,
I. Instituto Español de Estudios
Mediterraneos.
15) Margalef, R. 1945. Fitoplancton nerítico
estival de Cadaqués (Mediterráneo catalán).
Publicaciones del Instituto de Biología
Aplicada. 2: 89-95.
16) Margalef, R. 1945. Infusorios de las aguas
continentales de la província de Barcelona.
Boletín de la Real Sociedad Española de
Historia Natural. Sección Biológica. 43:
369-381.
17) Margalef, R. 1945. Miscelánea de zoología
dulciacuícola. Publicaciones del Instituto de
Biología Aplicada. 2: 117-121.
18) Margalef, R. 1945. Observaciones sobre el
régimen alimenticio de varios pequeños
animales de agua dulce. Revista Española de
Fisiología. 1: 245-250.
19) Margalef, R. 1945. Primera nota sobre la
biología de las aguas estancadas del bajo
Urgel. Ilerda. 5: 1-65.
20) Margalef, R. 1945. Sobre la morfología,
afinidades y ecología de una interesante
pleurocapsácea (cianofícea). Publicaciones
del Instituto de Biología Aplicada. 2:
105-109.
21) Margalef, R. 1945. Una oscilatoriácea notable por la estructura de sus vainas. Anales
del Jardín Botánico de Madrid. 6: 187-192.
2)
3)
4)
Margalef, R. 1943. Contribución al conocimiento de los diaptómidos (Crustáceos
Copépodos) de España. Boletín de la Real
Sociedad Española de Historia Natural.
Sección Biológica. 41: 379-383.
Margalef, R. 1943. Dónde empieza la vida.
Iniciación a la biología de los pequeños
pobladores de las aguas dulces. Progresos del
Mundo , 1. Editorial Scientia, Barcelona.
118 pp.
Margalef, R. 1943. Los epibiontes en
los animales de agua dulce. Euclides. 33:
609-613.
Margalef, R. 1943. Sobre la ecología de
las larvas de algunos culícidos (Dipt. Cul.).
Graellsia. 1: 7-12.
1944
5)
Margalef, R. 1944. Contribución al
conocimiento de los crustáceos anfípodos
que viven en las aguas dulces y salobres
de España. Boletín de la Real Sociedad
Española de Historia Natural. Sección
Biológica. 42: 199-209.
6) Margalef, R. 1944. Datos para la
flora algológica de nuestras aguas dulces.
Publicaciones del Instituto Botánico.
Barcelona. 4: 1-130.
7) Margalef, R. 1944. Materiales para el estudio
de la biología del lago de Bañolas (Gerona).
Publicaciones del Instituto de Biología
Aplicada. 1: 27-78.
8) Margalef, R. 1944. Notas sobre quironómidos. I. (Ins. Dipt.). Graellsia. 2: 3-13.
9) Margalef, R. 1944. Notas sobre quironómidos. II. (Ins. Dipt.). Graellsia. 2: 65-76.
10) Margalef, R. 1944. Notas sobre quironómidos. III. (Ins. Dipt.). Graellsia. 2: 165-181.
11) Margalef, R. 1945. Notas sobre quironómidos. IV. (Ins. Dipt.). Graellsia. 3: 13-22.
39
22) Margalef, R., Bassedas, M. 1945. Algunos
branquiópodos del NE de España y
consideraciones sobre la fauna ibérica de
cladóceros. Publicaciones del Instituto de
Biología Aplicada. 2: 127-148.
32) Margalef, R. 1947. La vida en alta mar.
Editorial Seix Barral. Colección estudio de
conocimientos generales. pp.77.
33) Margalef, R. 1947. Limnosociología.
Monografías de Ciencia Moderna, 10.
Instituto Español de Edafología, Ecología y
Fisiología Vegetal, 4. Consejo Superior de
Investigaciones Científicas. 1947. pp.93.
34) Margalef, R. 1947. Los métodos para la
investigación de las comunidades acuáticas
adnadas y especialmente las formadas
por organismos microscópicos (perifiton,
pecton). Collectanea Botanica. 1: 247-259.
35) Margalef, R. 1947. Materiales para una flora
de las algas del NE. de España. I, Zygnemales.
Collectanea Botanica. 1: 107-121.
36) Margalef, R. 1947. Notas sobre algunos
rotíferos. Publicaciones del Instituto de
Biología Aplicada. 4: 135-148.
37) Margalef, R. 1947. Observaciones micropaleontológicas sobre los sedimentos lacustres
miocénicos de Libros (Teruel). Estudios
Geológicos. 5: 171-177.
1946
23) Margalef, R. 1946. Algunos ciclópidos
(Crustáceos copépodos) de Cataluña.
Boletín de la Real Sociedad Española de
Historia Natural. 75: 177-188.
24) Margalef, R. 1946. Algunos rizopodos testáceos de Cataluña. Boletín de la Real Sociedad
Española de Historia Natural. 44: 73-75.
25) Margalef, R. 1946. Contribución al conocimiento del género Platymonas (Volvocales).
Collectanea Botanica. 1: 95-105.
26) Margalef, R. 1946. Contribución al
conocimiento hidrobiológico del país vasconavarro. In: Aportación al estudio de la fauna
y flora vasco-navarras (Sierra de Aralar).
Estación de Estudios Pirenaicos, Consejo
Superior de Investigaciones Científicas,
Zaragoza, 1946. p.6-44.
27) Margalef, R. 1946. Datos zoogeográficos sobre ostracódos de agua dulce de
Cataluña y descripción de la nueva especie
Potamocypris pyrenaica. Publicaciones del
Instituto de Biología Aplicada. 3: 163-171.
28) Margalef, R. 1946. Observaciones sobre el
desarrollo de la vida en pequeños volúmenes
de agua dulce y sobre la ecología de las
larvas de Aedes aegypti. Publicaciones del
Instituto de Biología Aplicada. 3: 79-112.
29) Margalef, R. 1946. Sobre dos supuestas
protófitas. Collectanea Botanica. 1: 49-50.
1948
38) Brehm,V., Margalef, R. 1948. Eucypris
aragonica nov. sp; nuevo ostrácodo de
una laguna salada de los Monegros.
Publicaciones del Instituto de Biología
Aplicada. 5: 5-9.
39) Margalef, R. 1948. A new limnological
method for the investigation of thin layered
epilithic communities.Transactions of the
American Microscopical Society. 67: 153-154.
40) Margalef, R. 1948. Fitoplancton nerítico de
la Costa Brava en 1947-48. Publicaciones
del Instituto de Biología Aplicada. 5: 41-51.
41) Margalef, R. 1948. Flora, fauna y comunidades bióticas de las aguas dulces del
Pirineo de la Cerdaña. Monogr. Estac. Est.
Pirenaicos. 11: 1-226.
42) Margalef, R. 1948. Las asociaciones de algas
en las aguas dulces de pequeño volumen
del Noreste de España.Vegetatio. Acta
Geobotanica. The international journal of
plant ecology. Klumer Academic. 1: 258-285.
1947
30) Margalef, R. 1947. Algas de agua dulce de
la laguna de Ariguanabo (Isla de Cuba).
Publicaciones del Instituto de Biología
Aplicada. 4: 79-89.
31) Margalef, R. 1947. Estudios sobre la vida en
las aguas continentales de la región endorreica manchega. Publicaciones del Instituto
de Biología Aplicada. 4: 5-51.
40
54) Margalef, R. 1949. Segunda nota sobre la
biología de las aguas estancadas del bajo
Urgel. Ilerda. 13: 331-375.
55) Margalef, R. 1949. Sobre la ecología
de las larvas del mosquito Aëdes mariae.
Publicaciones del Instituto de Biología
Aplicada. 6: 83-101.
56) Margalef, R. 1949. Un problema interesante
de biogeografía. La distribución de los
Gammarus en el Norte de España. Munibe.
3: 108-111.
57) Margalef, R. 1949. Una aplicación de
las series logarítmicas a la fitosociología.
Publicaciones del Instituto de Biología
Aplicada. 6: 59-72.
58) Margalef, R. 1949. Une nouvelle méthode limnologique pour l’étude du
périphyton. Internationale Vereinigung für
Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie.
Verhandlungen. 10: 284-285.
43) Margalef, R. 1948. Le phytoplancton
estival de la “Costa Brava” catalane en
1946. Hydrobiologia. Acta Hydrobiologia ,
Limnologica et protistologica. 1: 15-21.
44) Margalef, R. 1948. Materiales para una
flora de las algas del NE de Espana, II.
Chrysophyceae, Heterocontae, Dinophyceae,
Euglenineae. Collectanea Botanica. 2: 99-130.
45) Margalef, R. 1948. Materiales para una
flora de las algas del NE. de España. III a,
Euchlorophyceae. Collectanea Botanica. 2:
233-250.
46) Margalef, R. 1948. Miscelánea de zoología
dulciacuícola. II. Publicaciones del Instituto
de Biología Aplicada. 5: 69-76.
47) Margalef, R. 1948. Sobre el régimen
alimenticio de los animales en agua dulce.
Revista Española de Fisiología . 4: 207-213.
48) Margalef, R. 1948. Sociedades animales.
Colección Estudio de conocimientos
generales. Editorial Seix Barral. Barcelona.
80 pp.
1950
59) Margalef, R. 1950. Algunos crustáceos
interesantes de las aguas dulces y salobres
de España. Publicaciones del Instituto de
Biología Aplicada. 7: 131-151
60) Margalef, R. 1950. Datos para la hidrobiología de la cordillera cantábrica, especialmente del macizo de los Picos de Europa.
Publicaciones del Instituto de Biología
Aplicada. 7: 37-76.
61) Margalef, R. 1950. Datos para la hidrobiología del estanque de Montcortés
(Provincia de Lérida). Boletín de la Real
Sociedad Española de Historia Natural.
Sección Biológica. 48: 209-218.
62) Margalef, R. 1950. Materiales para una
flora de las algas del NE. de España. IIIb,
Euchlorophyceae. Collectanea Botanica. 2:
273-293.
63) Margalef, R. 1950. Plancton recogido
por los laboratorios costeros, I. Plancton
de Blanes durante el verano de 1949.
Publicaciones del Instituto de Biología
Aplicada. 7: 155-157.
1949
49) Margalef, R. 1949. Caractères biogéographiques intéressants des biotes
des eaux continentales de l’Espagne.
Internationale Vereinigung für
Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie.
Verhandlungen. 10: 280-283.
50) Margalef, R. 1949. Datos para la hidrobiología de la Sierra de Guadarrama.
Publicaciones del Instituto de Biología
Aplicada. 6: 5-21.
51) Margalef, R. 1949. Importancia de la
neotenia en la evolución de los crustáceos
de agua dulce. Publicaciones del Instituto de
Biología Aplicada. 6: 41-51.
52) Margalef, R. 1949. La vida en los lagos de
alta montaña de los pirineos. Instituto de
estudios Pirenaicos del Consejo Superior de
Investigaciones Científicas. Zaragoza. pp. 5-31.
53) Margalef, R. 1949. Las papilas anales de
las larvas de los culícidos y la absorción de
tóxicos. Revista Española de Fisiologia. 5:
251-257.
41
75) Margalef, R. 1951. Plancton recogido por
los laboratorios costeros. III.- Fitoplancton
de las costas de Castellón durante el año
1950. Publicaciones del Instituto de Biología
Aplicada. 9: 49-62.
76) Margalef, R. 1951. Regiones limnológicas
de Cataluña y ensayo de sistematización
de las asociaciones de algas. Collectanea
Botanica. 3: 43-67.
77) Margalef, R. 1951. Rôle des Entomostracés
dans la régéneration des phosphates.
Internationale Vereinigung für
Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie.
Verhandlungen. 11: 246-247.
78) Margalef, R. 1951. Sobre Gammarus interesantes de España. Publicaciones del Instituto
de Biología Aplicada. 9: 255-269.
79) Margalef, R. 1951. Über die
biogeographische Stellung der
Binnengewässerlebewelt Spaniens. Archiv
für Hydrobiologie. 45: 304-313.
80) Margalef, R. 1951. Un sincárido del género
Parabathynella en las Baleares. Publicaciones
del Instituto de Biología Aplicada. 8: 151-153.
81) Margalef, R., Balcells, E. 1951. Crustáceos
interesantes de las aguas salobres de
Guipúzcoa. Munibe. 1: 62-63.
82) Rodríguez-Roda, J., Larrañeta, M.G.,
Margalef, R., Andreu, B. 1951. Datos para
una crítica del significado de la media vertebral de las poblaciones de la sardina (Sardina
pilchardus Walb.). Publicaciones del Instituto
de Biología Aplicada. 9: 185-192.
64) Margalef, R. 1950. Plantas carnívoras.
Colección Estudio de conocimientos generales 82. Editorial Seix Barral. Barcelona.
81 pp.
65) Margalef, R., Ponz, F. 1950. Actividad
fosfatásica de los cladóceros, en particular sobre sustancias disueltas en el agua ambiente.
Revista Española de Fisiologia. 6: 227-237.
66) Massutí, M., Margalef, R. 1950.
Introducción al estudio del plancton marino.
Patronato Juan de la Cierva de Investigación
Técnica. Sección de Biología Marina.
Barcelona. 182 pp.
1951
67) Margalef, R. 1951. Ciclo anual del
Fitoplancton marino en la costa NE. de
la Península Ibérica . Publicaciones del
Instituto de Biología Aplicada. 9: 83-118.
68) Margalef, R. 1951. Cómo se defienden los
animales. Colección Estudio de conocimientos generales. Seix Barral. Barcelona.
95 pp.
69) Margalef, R. 1951. Diversidad de especies en
las comunidades naturales. Publicaciones del
Instituto de Biología Aplicada. 9: 5-27.
70) Margalef, R. 1951. Historia de la rosa. Seix
Barral. Barcelona. pp.11.
71) Margalef, R. 1951. La base actual de la
biogeografía. Arbor ciencia, pensamiento
y cultura. 66.67: 1-17. Category: Papers.
Language: Spanish.
72) Margalef, R. 1951. Materiales para la hidrobiología de la Isla de Ibiza. Publicaciones del
Instituto de Biología Aplicada. 8: 5-70.
73) Margalef, R. 1951. Nota complementaria
al artículo “Algunos crustaceos interesantes
de las aguas dulces y salobres de España”.
Publicaciones del Instituto de Biología
Aplicada. 8: 155-155.
74) Margalef, R. 1951. Observaciones sobre
Triops (=Apus) cancriformis de una localidad
catalana. Publicaciones del Instituto de
Biología Aplicada. 9: 247-254.
1952
83) Margalef, R. 1952. Ecología animal.
Enciclopedia universal ilustrada europeoamericana. Suplemento anual. Espasa-Calpe.
Madrid. pp: 523-539.
84) Margalef, R. 1952. Estudio sumario del
fitoplancton de la Ría de Vigo (19481950). Boletín del Instituto Español de
Oceanografía. I 47: 1-5.
85) Margalef, R. 1952. La vida en las aguas
dulces de Andorra. Monogr. Inst. Est.
Pirenaicos. C.S.I.C. 69: 1-107.
42
86) Margalef, R. 1952. La vida en las aguas
dulces de los alrededores del Santuario de
Nuestra Señora de Aránzazu (Guipúzcoa).
Munibe. 2.3: 73-108.
87) Margalef, R. 1952. Materiales para la hidrobiología de la isla de Menorca. Publicaciones
del Instituto de Biología Aplicada. 11: 5-112.
88) Margalef, R. 1952. Materiales para una
flora de las algas del NE de España. IV a,
Cyanophyceae. Collectanea Botanica. 3:
209-229.
89) Margalef, R. 1952. Peuplement des iles
de la mediterranée occidentale: Quelques
remarques biogéographiques au sujet
des crustacés d’eau douce des Baléares.
Oceanographie Mediterranéenne. 2: 248-252.
90) Margalef, R. 1952. Une Jaëra dans les eaux
douces des Baléares, Jaëra balearica nov. sp.
(Isopoda Asellota). Hydrobiologia. 4: 209-213.
91) Margalef, R., Saiz, F., Rodríguez-Roda, J.,
Toll, R.,Vallés, J.M. 1952. Plancton recogido
por los laboratorios costeros,V. Fitoplancton
de las costas de Castellón durante el año
1951. Publicaciones del Instituto de Biología
Aplicada. 10: 133-143.
96) Margalef, R. 1953. La herencia biológica.
Colección Estudio de Conocimientos
Generales. Editorial Seix Barral. Barcelona.
163 pp.
97) Margalef, R. 1953. Los crustáceos de las
aguas continentales ibéricas. Biología de las
aguas continentales, 10. Instituto Forestal de
Investigaciones y Experiencias, Ministerio
de Agricultura. Madrid. 243 pp.
98) Margalef, R. 1953. Materiales para la hidrobiología de la isla de Mallorca. Publicaciones
del Instituto de Biología Aplicada. 15: 5-111.
99) Margalef, R. 1953. Materiales para una
flora de las algas del NE. de España. IV b,
Cyanophyceae. Collectanea Botanica. 3:
231-260.
100) Margalef, R. 1953. Modifications induced
by different temperatures on the cells of
Scenedesmus obliquus (Chlorophyceae).
Hydrobiologia.
101) Margalef, R. 1953. Observaciones
paleoecológicas y geocronológicas sobre los
sedimentos lacustres miocénicos de Hellín
(Albacete). Memorias y comunicaciones del
Instituto Geologico. 10: 53-72.
102) Margalef, R., Duran, M. 1953.
Microplancton de Vigo, de octubre de 1951
a septiembre de 1952. Instituto de Biología
Aplicada. 13: 5-78.
1953
92) Margalef, R. 1953. Algas de agua dulce y salobre de la Romagna (colección Zangheri).
Archivio Botanico. 29: 1-19.
93) Margalef, R. 1953. Algunos organismos interesantes de las aguas dulces de los Pirineos.
Pirineos revista de ecología de montaña.
9.28293: 407-420.
94) Margalef, R. 1953. Caracteres ligados a las
magnitudes absolutas de los organismos
y su significado sistemático y evolutivo.
Publicaciones del Instituto de Biología
Aplicada. 12: 111-121.
95) Margalef, R. 1953. Estudios experimentales
sobre las modificaciones inducidas por diferentes temperaturas en células de clorofíceas.
Publicaciones del Instituto de Biología
Aplicada. 12: 5-78.
1954
103) Duran, M., Margalef, R. 1954. Métodos de
trabajo en el mar, práctica del laboratorio
de Vigo. I Reunión sobre “Productividad
y pesquerías”. Instituto de Investigaciones
Pesqueras. 1: 10-12.
104) Margalef, R. 1954. Algunos crustáceos
de agua dulce y salobre de la Romagna.
Bollettino della Società Entomologica
Italiana. 84: 146-150.
105) Margalef, R. 1954. Consideraciones sobre la
determinación cuantitativa del fitoplancton
por la valoración de pigmentos solubles y los
factores que afectan a la relación entre cantidad de pigmento y peso seco. Publicaciones
del Instituto de Biología Aplicada. 16: 71-84.
43
116) Margalef, R. 1955. Contribución al estudio
de la fauna de las aguas dulces del noroeste
de España. Publicaciones del Instituto de
Biología Aplicada. 21: 137-171.
117) Margalef, R. 1955. Datos para el estudio de
la distribución de los crustáceos en las aguas
continentales españolas. Publicaciones del
Instituto de Biología Aplicada. 21: 173-177.
118) Margalef, R. 1955. Dinámica de las
poblaciones de fitoplancton. II Reunión
sobre “Productividad del mar y explotación
pesquera”. Instituto de Investigaciones
Pesqueras. 2: 24-27.
119) Margalef, R. 1955. La diversidad de especies
en las poblaciones mixtas naturales y en el
estudio del dinamismo de las mismas.Tomo
de homenaje póstumo al Dr. D. Francisco
Pardillo Vaquer 19-mayo-1884, 19-julio-1955.
Publ. Univ. Barcelona. Barcelona. pp 229-243.
120) Margalef, R. 1955. Las Simulias. Ibérica.
298: 7-11.
121) Margalef, R. 1955. Los diversos tipos de
especies en plantas y animales. Ibérica. 318:
423-439.
122) Margalef, R. 1955. Los organismos
indicadores en la limnología. Biología de las
aguas continentales, 12. Instituto Forestal de
Investigaciones y Experiencias. Ministerio
de Agricultura. Madrid. 300 pp.
123) Margalef, R. 1955. Materiales para una
Flora de las algas del NE. de España.VI,
Desmidiales, Rhodophyceae. Collectanea
Botanica. 4: 319-329.
124) Margalef, R. 1955. Métodos de trabajo en
el mar - Laboratorio de Vigo. II Reunión
sobre “Productividad del mar y explotación
pesquera”. Instituto de Investigaciones
Pesqueras. 2: 15-16.
125) Margalef, R. 1955. Temperatura, dimensiones y evolución. Publicaciones del Instituto
de Biología Aplicada. 19: 13-94. Category:
Papers. Language: Spanish.
126) Margalef, R. 1955. Temperature and
morphology in freshwater organisms. Internationale Vereinigung für
Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie.
Verhandlungen. 12: 507-514.
106) Margalef, R. 1954. Diferencias interanuales
en la producción de fitoplancton. I Reunión
sobre “Productividad y pesquerías”. Instituto
de Investigaciones Pesqueras. 1: 32-34.
107) Margalef, R. 1954. Materiales para una
Flora de las algas del NE. de España V a,
Bacillariophyta. Collectanea Botanica. 4:
53-79.
108) Margalef, R. 1954. Materiales para una
Flora de las algas del NE. de España V b,
Bacillariophyta. Collectanea Botanica. 4:
183-201.
109) Margalef, R. 1954. Orientaciones de la
Hidrobiología Moderna. Ibérica. 272: 1-8.
110) Margalef, R. 1954. Un aparato para el
cultivo de algas en condiciones regulables.
Publicaciones del Instituto de Biología
Aplicada. 17: 65-69.
111) Margalef, R. 1954. Una técnica de filtración
para el estudio cualitativo y cuantitativo del
fitoplancton. Publicaciones del Instituto de
Biología Aplicada. 17: 131-134.
112) Margalef, R., Herrera, J., RodríguezRoda, J., Larrañeta, M.G. 1954. Plancton
recogido por los laboratorios costeros.VIII.Fitoplancton de las costas de Castellón
durante el año 1952. Publicaciones del
Instituto de Biología Aplicada. 17: 87-100.
1955
113) Arté, P., Margalef, R. 1955. Experiencias
efectuadas con una sonda “Sadir-Carpentier”
tipo S. II Reunión sobre “Productividad del
mar y explotación pesquera”. Instituto de
Investigaciones Pesqueras. 2: 19-21
114) Herrera, J., Muñoz, F., Margalef, R. 1955.
Fitoplancton de las costas de Castellón
durante el año 1953. Investigación Pesquera.
1: 17-29.
115) Margalef, R. 1955. Comunidades bióticas
de las aguas dulces del noroeste de España.
Publicaciones del Instituto de Biología
Aplicada. 21: 5-85.
44
138) Margalef, R. 1956. La vida en las aguas
de elevado residuo salino de la provincia
de Zamora. Publicaciones del Instituto de
BiologÍa Aplicada. 24: 123-137.
139) Margalef, R. 1956. Materiales para una flora
de las algas del NE. de España,VII, suplemento. Collectanea Botanica. 5: 87-107.
140) Margalef, R. 1956. Oscilaciones del
clima postglacial del Noroeste de España
registradas en los sedimentos de la Ría de
Vigo. Zephyrus. 7: 5-9.
141) Margalef, R. 1956. Paleoecología postglacial
de la Ría de Vigo. Investigación Pesquera.
5: 89-112.
142) Margalef, R. 1956. Rotíferos marinos del
plancton de la Ría de Vigo. Investigación
Pesquera. 4: 133-135.
143) Muñoz, F., Herrera, J., Margalef, R. 1956.
Fitoplancton de las costas de Castellón
durante el año 1954. Investigación Pesquera.
3: 75-90.
127) Margalef, R. 1955.Variaciones interanuales
en el fitoplancton de Castellón. II Reunión
sobre “Productividad del mar y explotación
pesquera”. Instituto de Investigaciones
Pesqueras. pp: 2/ 48-50.
128) Margalef, R., Duran, M., Saiz, F. 1955. El
fitoplancton de la Ría de Vigo de enero
de 1953 a marzo de 1954. Investigación
Pesquera. 2: 85-129.
1956
129) Duran, M., Saiz, F., López-Benito, M.,
Margalef, R. 1956. El fitoplancton de la Ría
de Vigo, de abril de 1954 a junio de 1955.
Investigación Pesquera. 4: 67-95.
130) Margalef, R. 1956. Algas de agua dulce
del noroeste de España. Publicaciones del
Instituto de Biología Aplicada. 22: 43-152.
131) Margalef, R. 1956. Comentarios biogeográficos sobre la distribución de la fauna de
agua dulce en las montañas del norte de
España.Volumen homenaje al Dr. D. Joaquin
Mendizábal Cortazar Conde de Peñaflorida,
1886-1954. Museo de San Telmo. San
Sebastián. pp. 3-5.
132) Margalef, R. 1956. Cultivos experimentales
de algas unicelulares. Investigación Pesquera.
3: 3-19.
133) Margalef, R. 1956. Dos nuevos Gammarus
de las aguas dulces españolas. Publicaciones
del Instituto de Biología Aplicada. 23: 31-36.
134) Margalef, R. 1956. Estructura y dinámica
de la “purga de mar” en la Ría de Vigo.
Investigación Pesquera. 5: 113-134.
135) Margalef, R. 1956. Estudios hidrobiológicos
en los valles de Bohí (Prov. de Lérida). Actes
du 2ème Congrès International d’Études
pyréneennes. Lucho-Pau, 21-25 septembre
1954. 3: 87-108.
136) Margalef, R. 1956. Información y diversidad
específica en las comunidades de organismos. Investigación Pesquera. 3: 99-106.
137) Margalef, R. 1956. La “Purga de Mar”.
Ibérica. 335: 1-8.
1957
144) Herrera, J., Margalef, R. 1957. Hidrografía
y fitoplancton de las costas de Castellón, de
julio de 1956 a junio de 1957. Investigación
Pesquera. 10: 17-44.
145) Margalef, R. 1957. Determinación
continua a través de cable de características
fisicoquímicas del agua. III Reunión sobre
“Productividad del mar y explotación
pesquera”. Instituto de Investigaciones
Pesqueras. pp: 3/ 98-101.
146) Margalef, R. 1957. Fitoplancton de las costas
de Blanes (Gerona) de agosto de 1952 a
junio de 1956. Investigación Pesquera. 8:
89-95.
147) Margalef, R. 1957. Fitoplancton de las costas
de Puerto Rico. Investigación Pesquera. 6:
39-52.
148) Margalef, R. 1957. La teoría de la información en ecología. Memorias de la Real
Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona.
32: 373-449.
45
160) Margalef, R. 1958. La sedimentación orgánica
y la vida en los fondos fangosos de la Ría de
Vigo. Investigación Pesquera. 11: 67-100.
161) Margalef, R. 1958. Materiales para el estudio
de las comunidades bióticas de las aguas
dulces y salobres, principalmente del NE.
de España. Publicaciones del Instituto de
Biología Aplicada. 28: 5-47.
162) Margalef, R. 1958. Registro fósil de
fluctuaciones climáticas de corto período en
el área pirenaica y en época miocénica. Actas
Tercer Congreso Internacional de Estudios
Pirenaicos, 1958. Gerona. 2: 217-226.
163) Margalef, R. 1958. Temporal succession and
spatial heterogeneity in natural phytoplankton. In: Buzzati-Traverso (ed.). Perspectives
in marine biology. University of California
Press. Los Angeles. pp. 323-349.
164) Margalef, R. 1958. Trophic typology
versus biotic typology, as exemplified in
the regional limnology of Northern
Spain. Internationale Vereinigung für
Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie.
Verhandlungen. 13: 339-349.
165) Margalef, R., Andreu, B. 1958. Componente
vertical de los movimientos del agua en la Ria
de Vigo y su posible relación con la entrada de
la sardina. Investigación Pesquera. 11: 105-126.
166) Margalef, R., Herrera, J., Muñoz, F. 1958. La
production du phytoplancton dans les eaux
cotières du Levant espagnol. Rapports et
procés verbaux des réunions. Commission
Internationale pour l’Exploration
Scientifique de la Mer Méditerranée.
Monaco. 14: 269-275.
149) Margalef, R. 1957. Los microfósiles del lago
miocénico de la Cerdaña como indicadores
ecológicos. Cursillos y Conferencias del
Instituto Lucas Mallada. Madrid. 4: 13-17.
150) Margalef, R. 1957. Materiales para una
flora de las algas del NE. de España.VII,
suplemento (Continuación). Collectanea
Botanica. 5: 353-365.
151) Margalef, R. 1957. Nuevos aspectos del
problema de la suspensión en los organismos
planctónicos. Investigación Pesquera. 7:
105-116.
152) Margalef, R. 1957. Paleoecología del lago
de la Cerdaña. Publicaciones del Instituto de
Biología Aplicada. 25: 131-137.
153) Margalef, R. 1957. Productividad y sucesión.
III Reunión sobre “Productividad del
mar y explotación pesquera”. Instituto de
Investigaciones Pesqueras. 3: 5-8.
154) Margalef, R. 1957. Un modelo para el
estudio de la distribución de organismos de
gran dispersabilidad y área de reproducción
muy localizada. Investigación Pesquera. 7:
117-125.
155) Margalef, R. 1957.Variación local e
interanual en la secuencia de las poblaciones
de fitoplancton de red en las aguas superficiales de la costa mediterránea española.
Investigación Pesquera. 9: 65-95.
156) Margalef, R., Muñoz, F., Herrera, J. 1957.
Fitoplancton de las costas de Castellón
de enero de 1955 a junio de 1956.
Investigación Pesquera. 7: 3-31.
1958
157) Margalef, R. 1958. Algunos crustáceos de
las aguas continentales de España y norte de
Africa. Miscelánea Zoológica. 1: 51-60.
158) Margalef, R. 1958. Distribución de los crustáceos en las aguas continentales españolas.
Grado de asociación entre las especies en
relación con factores ecológicos e históricos.
Publicaciones del Instituto de Biología
Aplicada. 27: 17-31.
159) Margalef, R. 1958. Information theory in
ecology. General Systematics. 3: 36-71.
1959
167) Margalef, R. 1959. Ecología, biogeografía
y evolución. Revista de la Universidad de
Madrid. 8: 221-273.
168) Margalef, R. 1959. Mode of evolution of
species in relation to their places in ecological
succession. Proceedings of XVth International
Congress of Zoology. pp. 787-789.
46
178) Margalef, R. 1960. Méthode d’extraction
des pigments dans l’étude de la végétation
benthique. Annales de la Station centrale
d’hydrobiologie appliquée. 8: 99-103.
179) Margalef, R. 1960. Recientes progresos
en el estudio de las comunidades vegetales
por medio de la extracción de pigmentos.
Boletín de la Real Sociedad Española de
Historia Natural. Sección Biológica. 58:
291-300.
180) Margalef, R. 1960. Reunión científica
mundial sobre biología de la sardina y especies afines. Notas Informativas. Trabajos del
Museo de Zoología. Nueva serie zoológica.
2: 6-7.
181) Margalef, R. 1960. Silicoflagellate populations in the plankton of Cape Cod area, past
and present. The Biological Bulletin. 119:
326-326.
182) Margalef, R. 1960. The size of the marine
diatom Melosira sulcata (Ehrenb.) Kuetz. in
the Cape Cod area. The Biological Bulletin.
119: 326-326.
183) Margalef, R. 1960.Valeur indicatrice de
la composition des pigments du phytoplancton sur la productivité, composition
taxonomique et propriétés dynamiques des
populations. Rapports et procés verbaux
des réunions. Commission Internationale
pour l’Exploration Scientifique de la Mer
Méditerranée. Monaco. 15: 277-281.
184) Margalef, R. Cervignón, F.,Yepez, G. 1960.
Exploración preliminar de las características
hidrográficas y de la distribución del
fitoplancton en el área de la Isla Margarita
(Venezuela). Memoria de la Sociedad de
Ciencias Naturales La Salle. 20: 211-221.
185) Margalef, R., Morales, E. 1960. Fitoplancton
de las costas de Blanes (Gerona), de julio
de 1956 a junio de 1959. Investigación
Pesquera. 16: 3-31.
186) Margalef, R., Ryther, J. 1960. Pigment
composition and productivity as related to
succession in experimental populations of
phytoplankton. The Biological Bulletin. 119:
326-327.
169) Margalef, R. 1959. Nuevos datos para el
estudio de la historia de la Ría de Vigo,
desde la última glaciación. Memorias de
la Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de
Barcelona. 33: 23-35.
170) Margalef, R. 1959. Pigmentos asimiladores
extraídos de las colonias de celentéreos de los
arrecifes de coral y su significado ecológico.
Investigación Pesquera. 15: 81-101.
171) Margalef, R., Herrera, J., Arias, E. 1959.
Hidrografía y fitoplancton de las costas de
Castellón, de julio de 1957 a junio de 1958.
Investigación Pesquera. 15: 3-38.
1960
172) Margalef, R. 1960. Avances y problemas técnicos en el estudio del plancton y de la hidrografía. IV Reunión sobre “Productividad
del mar y explotación pesquera”. Instituto
de Investigaciones Pesqueras. 4: 4-6.
173) Margalef, R. 1960. El XXV congreso internacional de limnología. Notas Informativas.
Trabajos del Museo de Zoología. Nueva
serie zoológica. 2: 5-6.
174) Margalef, R. 1960. Fluctuations in
abundance and availability caused by biotic
factors. Proceedings of the World Scientific
Meeting on the Biology of Sardines and
related species. F.A.O. Roma 3: 1265-1285.
175) Margalef, R. 1960. Ideas for a synthetic
approach to the ecology of running waters.
Internationale Revue der gesamten
Hydrobiologie. Berlin. 45: 133-153.
176) Margalef, R. 1960. Los pigmentos vegetales
en el estudio de la sucesión. IV Reunión
sobre “Productividad del mar y explotación
pesquera”. Instituto de Investigaciones
Pesqueras. 4: 40-42.
177) Margalef, R. 1960. Mecanismo de fertilización de las aguas costeras de Castellón.
IV Reunión sobre “Productividad del
mar y explotación pesquera”. Instituto de
Investigaciones Pesqueras. 4: 23-25.
47
1961
197) Margalef, R. 1961. La vida en los charcos de
agua dulce de Nueva Esparta (Venezuela).
Memoria de la Sociedad de Ciencias
Naturales La Salle. 21: 75-110.
198) Margalef, R. 1961. Modalités de l’evolution
en rapport avec la simplification des
biocénoses insulaires. Le peuplement des
îles Méditerranéennes et le problème de
l’insularité. Banyuls-sur-Mer, 21-27 septembre 1959. Colloques internationaux du
Centre national de la recherche scientifique
; 94. Éditions du Centre national de la
recherche scientifique. Paris. pp 313-320.
199) Margalef, R. 1961. Nouveaux développements dans la technique de l’extraction des
pigments du phytoplancton. Rapports et
procés verbaux des réunions. Commission
Internationale pour l’Exploration
Scientifique de la Mer Méditerranée.
Monaco. 16: 223-224.
200) Margalef, R. 1961.Variaciones intraespecíficas de los pigmentos asimiladores
en clorofíceas y fanerógamas acuáticas.
Investigación Pesquera. 19: 111-118.
201) Margalef, R. 1961.Velocidad de sedimentación de organismos pasivos del fitoplancton. Investigación Pesquera. 18: 3-8.
202) Margalef, R. 1961. Zoología. In:
Enciclopedia Labor.Vol 3. La vida. Labor.
Barcelona. pp: 393-679. Category: Papers.
203) Margalef, R., Herrera, J. 1961. El nivel del
mar en Castellón. Investigación Pesquera.
19: 55-63.
187) Herrera, J., Margalef, R. 1961. Hidrografía
y fitoplancton de las costas de Castellón, de
julio de 1958 a junio de 1959. Investigación
Pesquera. 20: 17-63.
188) Margalef, R. 1961. Algunas aplicaciones de
la teoría de la información en el campo de
la Biología y concretamente a la Ecología y
al estudio de la evolución. Scientia. 55: 1-7.
189) Margalef, R. 1961. Caractéristiques et signification des Zooxanthelles du “phytoplancton prisonnier” des Acanthaires. Rapports et
procés verbaux des réunions. Commission
Internationale pour l’Exploration
Scientifique de la Mer Méditerranée.
Monaco. 16: 141-142.
190) Margalef, R. 1961. Communication
of structure in planktonic populations.
Limnology and Oceanography. 6: 124-128.
191) Margalef, R. 1961. Correlations entre
certains caractères synthétiques des populations de phytoplancton. Hydrobiologia. Acta
hydrobiologica hydrographica et protistologica. 18: 155-164.
192) Margalef, R. 1961. Distribució i dinàmica de
les poblacions de plàncton vegetal, en relació
amb les superfícies de transició i discontinuïtat. In: Miscel·lània Fontseré. Editorial
Gustavo Gili, Barcelona. pp. 245-257.
193) Margalef, R. 1961. Distribución ecológica
y geográfica de las especies del fitoplancton
marino. Investigación Pesquera. 19: 81-101.
194) Margalef, R. 1961. Distribution du
phytoplancton dans une échelle moyenne de
dimensions et signification de ses pigments
assimilateurs dans l’interprétation de la
dynamique des configurations. Rapports et
procés verbaux des réunions. Commission
Internationale pour l’Exploration
Scientifique de la Mer Méditerranée.
Monaco. 16: 139-140.
195) Margalef, R. 1961. Fitoplancton atlántico
de las costas de Mauritania y Senegal.
Investigación Pesquera. 20: 131-143.
196) Margalef, R. 1961. Hidrografía y fitoplancton
de un área marina de la costa meridional de
Puerto Rico. Investigación Pesquera. 18: 33-96.
1962
204) Margalef, R. 1962. Adaptación, ecología
y evolución: nuevas formas de plantear
antiguos problemas. Boletín de la Real
Sociedad Española de Historia Natural.
Sección Biológica. 60: 231-246.
205) Margalef, R. 1962. Comunidades naturales.
Publicación especial. Instituto de Biología
Marina. Universidad de Puerto Rico.
Mayaguez. 469 pp.
48
216) Margalef, R. 1963. Modelos simplificados
del ambiente marino para el estudio de la
sucesión y distribución del fitoplancton
y del valor indicador de sus pigmentos.
Investigación Pesquera. 23: 11-52.
217) Margalef, R. 1963. Note technique sur
le prélèvement d’échantillons d’eau pour
l’étude du phytoplancton. Rapports et
procés verbaux des réunions. Commission
Internationale pour l’Exploration
Scientifique de la Mer Méditerranée.
Monaco. 17: 463-463.
218) Margalef, R. 1963. On certain unifying principles in ecology. The American
Naturalist. 97: 357-374.
219) Margalef, R. 1963. Rôle des Ciliés
dans le cycle de la vie pélagique en
Méditerranée. Rapports et procés verbaux
des réunions. Commission Internationale
pour l’Exploration Scientifique de la Mer
Méditerranée. Monaco. 17: 511-512.
220) Margalef, R. 1963. Scaphodinium mirabile,
nov. gen., nov. sp., un nuevo dinoflagelado
aberrante del plancton marino. Miscelánea
Zoológica. 1: 3-4.
221) Margalef, R. 1963. Un Supraniphargus interesante de Vizcaya (Amphipoda Gammaridae).
Miscelánea Zoologica. 1: 33-34.
222) Margalef, R., Herrera, J. 1963. Hidrografía
y fitoplancton de las costas de Castellón, de
julio de 1959 a junio de 1960. Investigación
Pesquera. 22: 49-109.
206) Margalef, R. 1962. Diversità dello
zooplancton nel Lago Maggiore. Memorie
dell’Instuto Italiano di Idrobiologia Dott.
Marco de Marchi . 15: 137-151.
207) Margalef, R. 1962. Modelos físicos
simplificados de poblaciones de organismos.
Memorias de la Real Academia de Ciencias
y Artes de Barcelona. 34: 83-146.
208) Margalef, R. 1962. Organisation spatiale
et temporelle des populations de phytoplancton dans un secteur du littoral
méditerranéen espagnol. Pubblicazioni della
Stazione Zoologica di Napoli. 32: 336-348.
209) Margalef, R. 1962. Succession in marine
populations. Advancing frontiers of plant
sciences. 2: 137-188.
1963
210) Herrera, J., Margalef, R. 1963. Hidrografía y
fitoplancton de la costa comprendida entre
Castellón y la desembocadura del Ebro, de
julio de 1960 a junio de 1961. Investigación
Pesquera. 24: 33-112.
211) Margalef, R. 1963. Algunas regularidades en
la distribución a escala pequeña y media de
las poblaciones marinas de fitoplancton y en
sus características funcionales. Investigación
Pesquera. 23: 169-230.
212) Margalef, R. 1963. Contribution to Marine
Biology I. In: Proceedings of the First
International Interdisciplinary Conference
on Marine Biology. Riley, G.A. (ed.). 1961.
Princeton, New Yersey Oct 29-Nov 1, 1961.
American Institute of Biological Sciences,
Washington, 286 pp.
213) Margalef, R. 1963. Desarrollo experimental
de picnoclinas en pequeños volúmenes de
agua. Investigación Pesquera. 23: 3-10.
214) Margalef, R. 1963. Ecologie marine: nouvelles vues sur de vieux problèmes. L’Année
Biologique. 1.2: 3-16.
215) Margalef, R. 1963. El ecosistema pelágico de
un área costera del Mediterráneo occidental.
Memorias de la Real Academia de Ciencias
y Artes de Barcelona. 35: 3-48.
1964
223) Establier, R., Margalef, R. 1964.
Fitoplancton e hidrografía de las costas de
Cádiz (Barbate), de junio de 1961 a agosto
de 1962. Investigación Pesquera. 25: 5-31.
224) Margalef, R. 1964. Correspondence
between the classic types of lakes and the
structure and dynamic properties of their
populations. Internationale Vereinigung für
Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie.
Verhandlungen. 15: 169-175.
49
234) Margalef, R. 1965. Diversidad de las
muestras de poblaciones de peces, en función de la madurez del ecosistema, de la intensidad de explotación y de la selectividad
de las artes.V Reunión sobre “Producción
marina y explotación pesquera”. Instituto de
Investigaciones Pesqueras. 5: 113-115.
235) Margalef, R. 1965. Ecological correlations and the relationship between
primary productivity and community
structure. Memorie dell’Instituto Italiano di
Idrobiologia, sumplemento. 18: 355-364.
236) Margalef, R. 1965. Evaluación contínua
y automática de las poblaciones planctónicas.V Reunión sobre “Producción
marina y explotación pesquera”. Instituto de
Investigaciones Pesqueras. 5: 19-21.
237) Margalef, R. 1965. Krassilnikoviae et fausses
Krassilnikoviae. Rapports et procés verbaux
des réunions. Commission Internationale
pour l’Exploration Scientifique de la Mer
Méditerranée. Monaco. 18: 339-340.
238) Margalef, R. 1965. Limnología. Gran
enciclopedia del mundo. Durvan. Bilbao. 11:
1048-1060.
225) Margalef, R. 1964. Fitoplancton de las
costas de Blanes (Provincia de Gerona,
Mediterráneo occidental), de julio de 1959
a junio de 1963. Investigación Pesquera. 26:
131-164.
226) Margalef, R. 1964. Modelos experimentales
de poblaciones de fitoplancton: nuevas
observaciones sobre pigmentos y fijación de
carbono inorgánico. Investigación Pesquera.
26: 195-203.
227) Margalef, R. 1964. Sobre una Spirogyra
de agua salobre. Collectanea Botanica. 6:
455-456
228) Margalef, R., Herrera, J. 1964. Hidrografía y
fitoplancton de la costa comprendida entre
Castellón y la desembocadura del Ebro, de
julio de 1961 a julio de 1962. Investigación
Pesquera. 26: 49-90.
1965
229) Ballester, A., Margalef, R. 1965. Producción
primaria. Memoria de la Sociedad de
Ciencias Naturales La Salle. 25: 209-221.
230) Margalef, R. 1965. Análisis de las comunidades de organismos y su significado
como indicadores ecológicos.V Reunión
sobre “Producción marina y explotación
pesquera”. Instituto de Investigaciones
Pesqueras. 5: 28-29.
231) Margalef, R. 1965. Composición y
distribución del fitoplancton. Memoria de
la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle.
25: 139-205.
232) Margalef, R. 1965. Distribución ecológica
de las especies del fitoplancton marino
en un área del Mediterráneo occidental.
Investigación Pesquera. 28: 117-131.
233) Margalef, R. 1965. Distribution des espèces
du phytoplancton méditerranéen par rapport
aux différentes combinaisons des facteurs
du milieu. Rapports et procés verbaux
des réunions. Commission Internationale
pour l’Exploration Scientifique de la Mer
Méditerranée. Monaco. 18: 349-352.
1966
239) Herrera, J., Margalef, R. 1966. Estimación de
la actividad total añadida y de la autoabsorción en las determinaciones de producción
del fitoplancton con 14C. Investigación
Pesquera. 30: 37-44.
240) Margalef, R. 1966. Análisis y valor indicador
de las comunidades de fitoplancton
mediterráneo. Investigación Pesquera. 30:
429-482.
241) Margalef, R. 1966. Aplicació de la
cibernètica a l’estudi de sistemes biològics al
nivell de l’ecosistema. Treballs de la Societat
Catalana de Biologia. 20: 73-81.
242) Margalef, R. 1966. Fluctuations of many
years period in West Mediterranean
phytoplankton. Second International
Oceanographic Congres, Moskow. Abstracts
of papers. Moscow 1966. pp: 243-244.
50
253) Margalef, R. 1967. Las algas inferiores.
In: Ecología Marina. Ginés, H., Margalef,
R. (eds.). Fundación La Salle de Ciencias
Naturales. Caracas. pp: 230-272.
254) Margalef, R. 1967. Luz y Temperatura.
In: Ecología Marina. Ginés, H., Margalef,
R. (eds.). Fundación La Salle de Ciencias
Naturales. Caracas. pp: 100-129.
255) Margalef, R. 1967. Nous aspectes de l’estudi
estadístic de les comunitats d’organismes.
Treballs de la Societat Catalana de Biologia.
21: 93-100.
256) Margalef, R. 1967. Ritmos, fluctuaciones
y sucesión. In: Ecología Marina. Ginés, H.,
Margalef, R. (eds.). Fundación La Salle de
Ciencias Naturales. Caracas. pp. 454-492.
257) Margalef, R. 1967. Significado de las diferencias verticales de potencial eléctrico en el
mar. Investigación Pesquera. 31: 259-263.
258) Margalef, R. 1967. Some concepts
relative to the organization of plankton.
Oceanography and Marine Biology Annual
Review. 5: 257-289.
259) Margalef, R. 1967. The food web in pelagic
environment. Helgoländer Wissenschaftliche
Meeresuntersuchungen. 15: 548-559.
260) Margalef, R. 1967. Un ejemplo de
diversidad química. Investigación Pesquera.
31: 489-490.
261) Margalef, R., Ballester, A. 1967. Fitoplancton
y producción primaria de la costa
catalana, de junio de 1965 a junio de 1966.
Investigación Pesquera. 31: 165-182.
262) Margalef, R., Castellví, J. 1967. Fitoplancton
y producción primaria de la costa
catalana, de julio de 1966 a julio de 1967.
Investigación Pesquera. 31: 491-502.
263) Margalef, R.,Vives, F. 1967. La vida suspendida en las aguas. In: Ecología Marina. Ginés,
H., Margalef, R. (eds.). Fundación la Salle de
Ciencias Naturales. Caracas. pp: 493-562.
243) Margalef, R. 1966. Las formas inferiores
de vida. In: La Evolución. Crusafont Pairó,
M. (ed.). La Editorial Católica. Madrid. pp:
174-202.
244) Margalef, R. 1966.Variabilidad del número
de radios en diatomeas y otras algas unicelulares. Memorias de la Real Academia de
Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona. 37: 207-220.
245) Margalef, R., Herrera, J. 1966. La producción primaria en las aguas del puerto de
Barcelona. Investigación Pesquera. 30: 45-48.
246) Margalef, R., Herrera, J., Steyaert, J., Steyaert,
M. 1966. Distribution et caractéristiques
des communautés phytoplantoniques dans
le bassin Thyrrhénien de la Méditerranée
en fonction des facteurs ambiants et a la
fin de la stratification estivale de l’année
1963. Institut Royal Sciences Naturelles de
Belgique Bulletin. 42: 1-56.
1967
247) Ginés, H., Margalef, R. (eds.). 1967.
Ecología Marina. Fundación La Salle de
Ciencias Naturales. Caracas. pp. 711.
248) Margalef, R. 1967. Biogeografia histórica.
In: Ecología Marina. Ginés, H., Margalef,
R. (eds.). Fundación La Salle de Ciencias
Naturales. Caracas. pp: 356-376.
249) Margalef, R. 1967. Correlaciones entre
parámetros oceanográficos del Caribe.
Investigación Pesquera. 31: 1-15.
250) Margalef, R. 1967. El ecosistema. In:
Ecología Marina. Ginés, H., Margalef, R.
(eds.). Fundación La Salle de Ciencias
Naturales. Caracas. pp: 377-453.
251) Margalef, R. 1967. Experiencias con
contadores de seston en el crucero del
“Mechelen”, “Mediterranean outflow
1965”, y formas de elaborar los resultados.
Investigación Pesquera. 31: 503-538.
252) Margalef, R. 1967. Laboratory analogues
of estuarine plankton systems. In: Estuaries.
Lauff, G.H. (ed.). American Associaton for
the Advancement of Science, Washington.
pp: 515-521.
51
1968
273) Margalef, R. 1969. El concepto de polución
en limnologia y sus indicadores biológicos.
Documentos de Investigación Hidrológica,
suplemento Revista Agua. 7: 103-133.
274) Margalef, R. 1969. El ecosistema pelágico
del mar Caribe. Memoria de la Sociedad de
Ciencias Naturales La Salle. 29: 5-36.
275) Margalef, R. 1969. Estudios sobre la distribución a pequeña escala del fitoplancton
marino. Memorias de la Real Academia de
Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona. 40: 3-22.
276) Margalef, R. 1969. Size of centric diatoms
as an ecological indicator. Internationale
Vereinigung für Theoretische und
Angewandte Limnologie. Mitteilungen 17:
202-210.
277) Margalef, R. 1969. Diversity and stability: a
practical proposal and a model of interdependence. Brookhaven Symp. Biology. 22:
25-37.
278) Margalef, R. 1969. Comunidades
planctónicas en lagunas litorales. In: Men.
Simposio International Lagunas Costeras.
(A. Ayala & F.B. Phleger, eds.). UNAM
-(Universidad Nacional Autónoma de
México.) UNESCO. Nov. 28-30 Mexico.
1967. pp: 545-562.
279) Margalef, R. 1969. Discurso de contestación:
Fauna cavernícola de España. Memorias de
la Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de
Barcelona. 39: 323-327.
280) Margalef, R. 1969. Discurso de contestación:
Ritmos de periodo largo en el crecimiento
de plantas. Memorias de la Real Academia
de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona. 39:
215-217.
281) Margalef, R. 1969. Perspectivas de la
limnología actual. Agua. 53: 9-13.
282) Margalef, R. 1969. Small scale distribution
of phytoplankton in western Mediterranean
at the end of July. Pubblicazioni della
Stazione zoologica di Napoli. 37: 40-61.
283) Margalef, R., Gozález Bernáldez, F. 1969.
Grupos de especies asociadas en el fitoplancton del Mar Caribe (NE de Venezuela).
Investigación Pesquera. 33: 287-312.
264) Margalef, R. 1968. Fluctuaciones de varios
años de período medio en la producción de
fitoplancton en el Mediterráneo occidental.
Collectanea Botanica. 7: 727-747.
265) Margalef, R. 1968. La Ciencia del Mar.
Publicaciones Tecnicas de la Junta de
Estudios de Pesca. 7: 351-364.
266) Margalef, R. 1968. Nouvelles observations
sur la distribution des Ciliés oligotriches
dans le plancton de la Meditérranée
occidentale. Rapports et procés verbaux
des réunions. Commission Internationale
pour l’Exploration Scientifique de la Mer
Méditerranée. Monaco. 19: 565-566.
267) Margalef, R. 1968. Perspectives in ecological theory. University of Chicago Press.
Chicago. 111 pp.
268) Margalef, R. 1968. Présence de Chatonella
subsalsa Biecheler dans le port de
Barcelone. Rapports et procès verbaux
des réunions. Commission Internationale
pour l’Exploration scintifique de la Mer
Méditerranée. 19: 581-582.
269) Margalef, R., San Feliu, J. 1968. Expeditions
Antarctiques Belgo-Neerlandaises en 196667. Resultat d’analyses du seston a l’aide
du compteur dimentionnel de particules,
I. Bulletin Institut Royal des Sciences
Naturelles de Belgique. 44: 1-5.
1969
270) Margalef, R. (ed.). 1969. Actas del Sexto
Simposio Internacional sobre Algas Marinas.
/Proceedings of the sixth international seaweed symposium. Santiago de Compostela,
9 al 13 de septiembre de 1968. Subsecretaria
de la Marina Mercante. Dirección General
de pesca Maritima . Madrid. 1969. 782 pp.
271) Margalef, R. 1969. Diversidad del fitoplancton de red en dos áreas del Atlántico.
Investigación Pesquera. 33: 275-286.
272) Margalef, R. 1969. Composición específica
del fitoplancton de la costa catalano-levantina
(Mediterráneo Occidental) en 1962-1967.
Investigación Pesquera. 33: 345-380.
52
1970
295) Margalef, R. 1971. L’home, part de la
biosfera i objecte d’estudi de l’ecologia.
Treballs de la Societat Catalana de Biologia.
30: 13-25.
296) Margalef, R. 1971. Pròleg. In: Ecologia,
d’avui. L’home i el seu medi. Terrades, J.
Col·lecció “què cal saber”. Editorial Teide,
Barcelona. pp: 3-5.
297) Margalef, R. 1971. Prólogo. In: Ecología,
hoy. El hombre y su medio. Terrades, J.
Colección “Hay que saber”. Editorial Teide,
Barcelona. pp: 7-9.
298) Margalef, R. 1971. Spatial manifestation on
a small scale of the relations between nutrient supply and phytoplankton composition.
In: The Ocean world. Proceedings of Joint
Oceanographic Assembly, IAPSO, IABO,
CMG, SCOR. Michitaka Uda (ed.).13-25
September 1970, Tokyo, Japan. pp: 248-248.
299) Margalef, R. 1971. Una campaña oceanográfica del “Cornide de Saavedra” en la
región de afloramiento de NO Africano.
Investigación Pesquera. 35: 1-39.
300) Margalef, R., Estrada, M. 1971. Simple approaches to a pattern analysis of phytoplankton. Investigación Pesquera. 35: 269-297.
284) Margalef, R. 1970. Anfípodos recolectados
en aguas subterráneas ibéricas. Speleon. 17:
63-65.
285) Margalef, R. 1970. Antípodos recolectados
en aguas subterráneas del País Vasco. Munibe.
22.34: 169-174.
286) Margalef, R. 1970. Diversidad y productividad del fitoplancton en el Mediterráneo
occidental. Investigación Pesquera. 34:
565-573.
287) Margalef, R. 1970. Explotación y gestión en
ecología. Pirineos. 98: 103-121.
288) Margalef, R. 1970. Protecció de la natura
o protecció de l’home? Muntanya. 652:
158-163.
289) Margalef, R. 1970. Régimen futuro de
los océanos. Arbor ciencia, pensamiento y
cultura. 297.298: 49-61.
290) Margalef, R. 1970. Reunión oceanográfica
internacional. Preface. pp: 115-117.
291) Margalef, R. 1970. Seminario de ecología
Matemática. Editorial. Investigación
Pesquera. 34: 1-8.
292) Margalef, R., Blasco, D. 1970. Influencia del
puerto de Barcelona sobre el fitoplancton de
las áreas vecinas: Una mancha de plancton
de gran densidad, con dominancia de
Thalassiosira, observada en agosto de 1969.
Investigación Pesquera. 34: 575-580.
1972
301) Margalef, R. 1972. Fitoplancton de la región
de afloramiento del noroeste de Africa.
I. Pigmentos y producción. Resultados
de expediciones cientificas del Buque
Oceanografico Cornide de Saavedra. 1:
23-51.
302) Margalef, R. 1972. Interpretaciones no
estrictamente estadísticas de la representación de entidades biológicas en un espacio
multifactorial. Investigación Pesquera. 36:
183-190.
303) Margalef, R. 1972. Regularidades en la
distribución de la diversidad del fitoplancton
en un área del mar Caribe. Investigación
Pesquera. 36: 241-264.
304) Margalef, R. 1972. Seminario sobre Análisis
factorial en Ecología y Taxonomía. Editorial.
Investigación Pesquera. 36: 3-7.
1971
293) Margalef, R. 1971. Composition et analyse
par groupes du phytoplancton au large
des côtes méditerranéennes espagnoles,
en 1965-67. Rapports et procés verbaux
des réunions. Commission Internationale
pour l’Exploration Scientifique de la Mer
Méditerranée. Monaco. 20: 307-310.
294) Margalef, R. 1971. Distribución del
fitoplancton entre Córcega y Barcelona, en
relación con la mezcla vertical del agua, en
marzo de 1970. Investigación Pesquera. 35:
687-698.
53
1973
1974
305) Margalef, R. 1973. Composició del plàncton
vegetal en diversos llacs artificials de
Catalunya. Treballs de la Societat Catalana de
Biologia. 32: 171-179.
306) Margalef, R. 1973. Distribución de los
ciliados planctónicos en la región de
afloramiento del noroeste de África. (
Campaña <<Sahara II>> del <<Cornide
de Saavedra>>). Resultados de expediciones
Cientificas del Buque Oceanografico
Cornide de Saavedra. 2: 109-124.
307) Margalef, R. 1973. Ecological theory and
prediction in the study of the interaction
between man and the rest of the biosphere.
In: Ökologie und Lebensschutz in internalionaler Sicht. H. Sioli. (ed.). Rombach.
Freiburg. pp: 307-353.
308) Margalef, R. 1973. Estima acústica de la
densidad relativa de animales pelágicos en la
región de afloramiento del noroeste de África
. (Campaña <<Sahara II>> del <<Cornide
de Saavedra>>). Resultados de espediciones
Cientificas del Buque Oceanografico
Cornide de Saavedra. 2: 125-132.
309) Margalef, R. 1973. Fitoplancton marino de
la región de afloramiento del NW de África.
II. Composición y distribución del fitoplancton (campaña “Sahara II” del “Cornide
de Saavedra”). Resultados de Expediciones
Cientificas del Buque Oceanografico
Cornide de Saavedra. 2: 65-94.
310) Margalef, R. 1973. Some critical remarks on
the usual approaches to ecological modelling. Investigación Pesquera. 37: 621-640.
311) Margalef, R., Mir, M. 1973. Indicadors
de canvis de salinitat en els sediments de
l’Albufera de València. Treballs de la Societat
Catalana de Biologia. 32: 109-117.
312) Margalef, R., Planas, D., Armengol, J., Toja, J.,
Guiset, A.,Vidal, A. 1973. Plankton production and water quality in Spanish reservoirs.
First report on a research project. In:
International Commission on Large Dams.
XI congress, 11-15 June 1973, Madrid.
Dirección General de Obras Hidráulicas.
Centro de Estudios Hidrográficos. pp. 1-21.
313) Margalef, R. 1974. Asociación o exclusión
en la distribución de especies del mismo
género en algas unicelulares. Memorias de
la Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de
Barcelona. 42: 353-372.
314) Margalef, R. 1974. Distribution du seston
dans la région d’affleurement du nord-ouest
de l’Afrique en mars 1973. Téthys. 6: 77-88.
315) Margalef, R. 1974. Diversity, stability
and maturity in natural ecosystems. In:
Proceedings of the firts International
Congress of Ecology. The Hague . The
Netherlands . September 8-14 de 1974. pp:
66-66.
316) Margalef, R. 1974. Ecología entre la ciencia
y el tópico. In: Desarrollo económico y
medio ambiente. Ponencias y coloquios
de la reunión internacional de Barcelona,
1973. Servicio de Estudios en Barcelona,
Banco Urquijo. Editorial Moneda y Crédito,
Madrid. pp. 10-15.
317) Margalef, R. 1974. Ecologia i problemes
humans. Perspectiva social. 4: 35-46.
318) Margalef, R. 1974. Ecología. Omega.
Barcelona. 951 pp.
319) Margalef, R. 1974. Ecosystem diversity
differences: Poles and Tropics. In: Polar
Oceans Conference, Montreal. 1974. 5 a 11
de mayo. pp: 1-8.
320) Margalef, R. 1974. Feeding and energy flow
in general. Informes técnicos del Instituto de
Investigaciones Pesqueras. 14: 53-56.
321) Margalef, R. 1974. Human impact on
transportation and diversity in ecosystems: How far is extrapolation valid. In:
Structure, functioning and management
of ecosystems proceedings of the first
international Congress of Ecology. The
Hague, The Netherlands, September 8-14,
1974 International Congress of Ecology.Van
Dobben & Lowe-McConnell. eds. Junk. The
Hague. pp: 237-241.
54
1975
330) Margalef, R. 1975. Producción primaria y
secundaria. Organización de las Naciones
Unidas para la Agricultura y la Almentación.
Precedeix el Títol: Tercer curso de capacitacion FAO/SIDA sobre contaminación
de los recursos vivos: base científica y
administrativa para medidas directivas: Lima,
Peru. 10 de febrero-22 de marzo. pp: 1-18.
331) Margalef, R. 1975. Typology of reservoirs. Internationale Vereinigung Für
Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie.
Verhandlungen. 19: 1841-1848.
332) Margalef, R., Campas, L., Miracle, M.R.,
Vilaseca, J.M. 1975. Introducción al estudio
de los lagos pirenaicos. Naturalia Hispanica.
4: 1-47.
322) Armengol, J., Estrada, M., Guiset, A.,
Margalef, R., Planas, D., Toja, J.,Vallespinos,
F. 1975. Observaciones limnológicas en
las lagunas de La Mancha. Boletín de la
Estación Central de Ecología. 8: 11-27.
323) Margalef, R. 1975. Ciliados planctónicos
de la región de afloramiento del NW de
África, según datos de la campaña “Atlor ll”.
Resultados de expediciones Científicas del
Buque Oceanografico Cornide de Saavedra.
4: 171-173.
324) Margalef, R. 1975. Composición y distribución del fitoplancton marino en la región
de afloramiento de NW de África, en marzo
de 1973 (Campaña “Atlor II” del “Cornide
de Saavedra”). Resultados de expediciones
Científicas del Buque Oceanografico
Cornide de Saavedra. 4: 145-170.
325) Margalef, R. 1975. Comunicación y engaño.
Aspectos e implicaciones de la cripsis.
Advertencia y mimetismo. Graellsia. 31:
341-356.
326) Margalef, R. 1975. Ecosistemas acuáticos. In:
Tercer curso de capacitación FAO/SIDA
sobre contaminación de las aguas en relación
con la protección de los recursos vivos. Base
científica y administrativa para medidas directivas. Lima, Perú, 10 de febrero - 22 de marzo,
1975. Food and Agriculture Organization of
the United Nations. pp: 1-14.
327) Margalef, R. 1975. External factors and ecosystem stability. Schweizerische Zeitschrift
für Hydrologie. 37: 102-117. Category:
Papers. Language: English.
328) Margalef, R. 1975. Fitoplancton invermal
de la laguna costera de Alvarado (México).
Anales del Instituto Botánico José Cavanilles
del C.S.I.C. 32: 381-387.
329) Margalef, R. 1975. Limnología para pascólogos. Pastos. 5: 10-20.
1976
333) Margalef, R. 1976. Algas de agua dulce de
Doñana. Oecologia aquatica. 2: 79-91.
334) Margalef, R. 1976. Bases ecològiques per
a una gestió de la natura. In: Natura, ús o
abús? Llibre Blanc de la Gestió de la Natura
als Països Catalans. Folch, R. (ed.). Institució
Catalana d’Història Natural/Barcino.
Barcelona. pp: 25-64.
335) Margalef, R. 1976. Biología de los Embalses.
Investigación y Ciencia. 1: 50-62.
336) Margalef, R. 1976. Distribución horizontal
del plancton marino a escala media (1 a 10
km) ilustrada con un ejemplo de la zona de
afloramiento del NW de África. Memorias
de la Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de
Barcelona. 43: 131-148.
337) Margalef, R. 1976. Paralelismo entre la
vida de las cavernas y la de las grandes
profundidades marinas. Bolletí de la Societat
d’ Història Natural de les Balears. 21: 10-20.
338) Margalef, R., Planas, M.D., Armengol, J.,
Vidal, A., Prat, N., Guiset, A., Toja, J., Estrada,
M. 1976. Limnología de los embalses
españoles. Dirección General de Obras
Hidráulicas. Ministerio de Obras Públicas.
Publ. 123. Madrid. 422 pp.
55
1977
347) Margalef, R. 1978. Life-forms of phytoplankton as survival alternatives in an
unstable environment. Oceanologica Acta.
1: 493-509.
348) Margalef, R. 1978. Models matemàtics i
models físics de poblacions i d’ecosistemes.
Col·loquis Societat Catalana de Biologia. XI.
349) Margalef, R. 1978. Perspectivas de la teoría
ecológica. Blume, Barcelona. 110 pp.
350) Margalef, R. 1978. Phytoplankton communities in upwelling areas. The example of
NW Africa. Oecologia Aquatica. 3: 97-132.
351) Margalef, R. 1978. Presentació. In: Els
Aucells de les Balears. Mayol Serra, J.
Editorial Moll, Mallorca. pp. 1-1.
352) Margalef, R. 1978. Some examples. In:
Phytoplankton Manual. Monographs on
oceanographic methodology. Sampling
desing. Unesco. Paris. ed. A.Sournia. pp: 6/
17-31.
353) Margalef, R. 1978. What is an upwelling
ecosystem?. In: Upwelling ecosystems. Boje,
R. & Tomczak, M. (eds.). Springer. Berlin.
pp: 12-14.
339) Margalef, R. 1977. Function and structure
in an ecosystem: organization of plankton.
In: Etude et gestion du système marin.
Elskens, I., Sanfeld, A.,Vigneron, J. (eds.).
IVème Session E4-77, Louvain-la-Neuve,
18 juillet - 5 août. Université Libre de
Bruxelles. pp. 58-88.
340) Margalef, R. 1977. Las fronteras de la
ecología. Boletín Informativo de la
Fundación Juan March. 58: 3-24.
341) Margalef, R. 1977. L’inquinamento in un
contesto ecologico generale. In: Aspetti scientifici dell’inquinamento dei mari italiani.
Roma, gennaio 1976. Accademia Nazionale
dei Lincei. Roma. pp: 11-22.
342) Margalef, R. 1977. Prefacio. In: Estudio y
explotación del Mar en Galicia. Santiago de
Compostela: Secretariado de Publicaciones
de la Universidad. pp. 1-2.
343) Margalef, R. 1977. Stability and change
in complex systems. In: Etude et gestion
du système marin. Elskens, I., Sanfeld, A.,
Vigneron, J. (eds.). IVème Session E4-77,
Louvain-la-Neuve, 18 juillet - 5 août.
Université Libre de Bruxelles. pp. 90-126.
344) Margalef, R., Mir, M. 1977. Phytoplankton
of Spanish reservoirs as dependent from environmental factors and as potential indicators of water properties. Atti del Convegnio
sui bacini lacustri artificiali. Sassari, 4-6
ottobre, 1977. Consiglio nazionale delle
richerche, Pallanza. A la Coberta: Collana del
programma finalizzato “Promozione della
qualità dell’ambiente”. pp: 191-205.
1979
354) Margalef, R. 1979. Alternative approaches in
the modelling of populations. Investigación
Pesquera. 43: 337-350.
355) Margalef, R. 1979. El precio de la
supervivencia: Consideraciones ecológicas
sobre las poblaciones humanas. Ethnica. 15:
103-115.
356) Margalef, R. 1979. Los productos primarios
de materia viva. In: Estudio y explotación
del mar en Galicia. Universidad de Santiago.
Santiago. pp: 123-168.
357) Margalef, R. 1979. The organization of
space. Oikos. 33: 152-159.
358) Margalef, R., Estrada, M., Blasco, D. 1979.
Functional morphology of organisms
involved in red tides, as adapted to decaying
turbulence. In: Toxic Dinoflagellate Blooms.
Taylor, D.L., Selinger, H.H. (eds.). Elsevier/
North Holland. pp: 89-94.
1978
345) Margalef, R. 1978. Diversity. Phytoplankton
manual. Monographs on oceanographic
methodology. 6: 251-260. Category: Papers.
Language: English.
346) Margalef, R. 1978. General concepts
of population dynamics and food links.
In: Marine Ecology. 0. Kinne, ed. Wiley.
London. pp: 4/ 617-704.
56
370) Margalef, R. 1980. Sobre diversidad y
conectividad en ecosistemas y en artefactos
que funcionan. Munibe. 32: 297-300.
371) Margalef, R., Armengol, J. 1980. La teoria
de la biogeografia insular de MacArthur i
Wilson. El poblament de llacs artificials com
a prova d’una situació reflexa. Butlletí de la
Societat Catalana de Biologia. 4: 117-123.
372) Margalef, R., Estrada, M. 1980. Las áreas
oceánicas más productivas. Investigación y
Ciencia. 49: 8-20.
359) Margalef, R., Fraga, F. 1979. Las rías gallegas.
In: Estudio y explotación del mar en Galicia.
Universidad de Santiago de Compostela. pp.
101-121.
360) Margalef, R., Prat, N. 1979. La Limnologia.
Quaderns D’ Ecologia Aplicada. 4: 9-23.
1980
361) Margalef, R. 1980. Cap a una teoria de la
biosfera. Ciència. 1: 28-39.
362) Margalef, R. 1980. Comparabilidad de las
distribuciones ecológicas en el tiempo y
según una dirección del espacio, y uso de
pruebas sencillas para definir propiedades
demográficas de las respectivas poblaciones.
Studia Oecologica. 1: 7-11.
363) Margalef, R. 1980. Composición y fenología
de la vegetación algal de un arroyo del
Montseny (Barcelona). Oecologia Aquatica.
4: 111-112.
364) Margalef, R. 1980. Diversidad, estabilidad
y madurez en los ecosistemas naturales. In:
Conceptos unificadores en ecología. W.H.
van Dobben y R. H. Lowe-McConnell
(eds.). Blume. Barcelona. pp: 190-202.
365) Margalef, R. 1980. La Biosfera: entre la termodinámica y el juego. Omega. Barcelona.
236 pp.
366) Margalef, R. 1980. La capacidad de producción de los océanos. Kobie. 10: 695-699.
367) Margalef, R. 1980. La contaminació en un
context ecologic general. In: Llibre d’Actes
del Xlè Congres de Metges i Biòlegs de
Llengua Catalana. Col·legi Oficial de metges
de Barcelona. pp: 5-15.
368) Margalef, R. 1980. La ecologia del mañana.
In: Actas del VIII Congreso Latinoamericano
de Zoologia. Salinas, P. (ed.).VIII Congreso
Latinoamericano de Zoología, Mérida,
Venezuela. pp: 149-161.
369) Margalef, R. 1980. La teoria de la informació en ecologia a vint anys de distància.
Butlletí de la Societat Catalana de Biologia.
4: 159-186.
1981
373) Margalef, R. 1981. Asimetrías inducidas
por la operación de energía externa en
secuencias de sedimentos y de poblaciones.
Acta Geologica Hispanica. 16: 35-38.
374) Margalef, R. 1981. Bentos y plancton.
Explotación y evolución. Segundo Simposio
Ibérico de Estudios del Bentos Marino.
Barcelona. Resúmenes. pp: 5-5.
375) Margalef, R. 1981. Ecología. Enciclopedia
Temática Planeta. Planeta. Barcelona. 252 pp.
376) Margalef, R. 1981. Meditació sobre la
recerca a la Universitat. In: Sobre les Formes
de l’activitat universitaria. Acte inaugural del
curs 1981-1982. Universitat de Barcelona.
pp. 39-63.
377) Margalef, R. 1981. Stress in ecosystems: a
future approach. In: Stress effects on natural
ecosystems. Barrett, G.W., Rosenberg, R.
(eds.). Wiley. New York. pp: 281-289.
378) Margalef, R., Estrada, M. 1981. On
upwelling, eutrophic lakes, the primitive
biosphere and biological membranes. In:
Coastal Upwelling. Richards, F.A. (ed.).
American Geophysical Union. Washington.
pp: 522-529.
1982
379) Margalef, R. 1982. Caràcter de les
diferències entre el plàncton vegetal marí
i el d’aigua dolça. Col·loquis de la Societat
Catalana de Biologia. Barcelona. 12.13:
17-20.
57
1984
380) Margalef, R. 1982. Connectivitat i funcionalisme de sistemes. Butlletí de la Societat
Catalana de Biologia.
381) Margalef, R. 1982. Consecuencias previsibles
de la regulación de los rios sobre las condiciones de producción de las áreas marinas
costeras. La Sirena. Notícias del programa
PNUMA para los m ares regionales. United
Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).
18: 7-14.
382) Margalef, R. 1982. Expressió senzilla de la
regulació en sistemes dinàmics. Col·loquis
de la Societat Catalana de Biologia. 13:
53-55.
383) Margalef, R. 1982. La teoría ecológica y la
predicción en el estudio de la interacción
entre el hombre y el resto de la biosfera.
In: Ecología y protección de la naturaleza,
conclusiones. pp: 306-355.
384) Margalef, R. 1982. Some thoughts on the
dynamics of populations of ciliates. Annales
Institut Oceanographique. 58: 15-18.
385) Margalef, R., Mir, M., Estrada, M. 1982.
Phytoplankton composition and distribution
as an expression of properties of reservoirs.
Canadian Water Resources Journal. 7: 26-50.
390) Margalef, R. 1984. El ecosistema pelágico
del Mediterráneo. Mundo Científico. 4:
146-157.
391) Margalef, R. 1984. Introducció general. In:
Els sistemes naturals de le Illes Medes. Ros,
J.D., Olivella, I., Gili, J.M. (eds.). Institut
d’Estudis Catalans. Barcelona. pp. 29-42.
392) Margalef, R. 1984. Le plancton de la
Méditerranée. La Recherche. 158: 1082-1094.
393) Margalef, R. 1984. Préface. In: Legendre,
L., & Legendre, P. Écologie numérique.
Tome I : Le traitement multiple des données écologiques. Collection d’Écologie,
12. Masson & Presses de l’Université du
Québec, Québec, Canada. pp:V-VI.
394) Margalef, R. 1984. Simple facts about life
and the environment not to forget in preparing schoolbooks for our grandchildren.
In: Trends in ecological research for the
1980s. J.H. Cooley and F.B. Golley (eds.).
NATO Conference Series. I, Ecology; v. 7.
Plenum Press, New York. pp: 299-320.
395) Margalef, R. 1984. Summary of the main
arguments from a theoretical perspective.
In:Workshop Agroecology. Zaragoza,
1984. Options Méditerranéennes Série A.
Séminaires méditerranées. Paris. pp: 161-166.
396) Margalef, R. 1984.Visión del paisaje
desde la ecología. Monografies de l’Equip
Universitari d’Investigació del Paisatge. 1:
101-117.
1983
386) Margalef, R. 1983. Algas de una laguna salobre mediterránea (Lago di Patria, Nápoles).
Collectanea Botanica. 14: 305-315.
387) Margalef, R. 1983. La ciencia ecológica
y los problemas ambientales técnicos,
sociales y humanos. In: Diez años después
de Estocolmo. Desarrollo, Medio Ambiente
y Supervivencia. CIFCA. Madrid. pp:
177-200.
388) Margalef, R. 1983. Limnología. Omega.
Barcelona, 1010 pp.
389) Margalef, R., Gutiérrez, E. 1983. How to
introduce connectance in the frame of
an expression for diversity. The American
Naturalist. 121: 601-607.
1985
397) Bas, C., Margalef, R., Rubies, P. (eds.) 1985.
Simposio internacional sobre las areas de
afloramiento mas importantes del oeste
africano (Cabo Blanco y Benguela).Vol.
I. Instituto de Investigaciones Pesqueras.
Barcelona. 586 pp.
398) Bas, C., Margalef, R., Rubies, P. (eds.) 1985.
Simposio internacional sobre las areas de
afloramiento mas importantes del oeste
africano (Cabo Blanco y Benguela).Vol.
II. Instituto de Investigaciones Pesqueras.
Barcelona. 528 pp.
58
399) Margalef, R. (ed.). 1985. Western
Mediterranean. Key Environments.
Treherne, J.E. (general ed.). Pergamon Press,
Oxford.Version española: El Mediterraneo
Occidental. 363 pp.
400) Margalef, R. 1985. Anàlisi d’interaccions en
els ecosistemes. In: Biologia avui. Fundació
Caixa de Pensions. Barcelona. pp. 11-24.
401) Margalef, R. 1985. Basic ecological parameters, monitoring and biological monitors in
the aquatic environment. In: Pollutants and
their ecotoxicological significance. Wiley.
Chichester. pp: 149-175.
402) Margalef, R. 1985. Ecosystems: diversity and
connectivity as measurable components of
their complication. In:The Science and Praxis
of Complexity. Aida et al. (eds.).The United
Nations University.Tokyo. pp: 228-244.
403) Margalef, R. 1985. En los márgenes de los
sistemas ecológicos. UR Urbanisme. 910: 7-8.
404) Margalef, R. 1985. Environmental control
of the mesoscale distribution of primary
producers and its bearing to primary production in the Western Mediterranean. In:
Mediterranean Marine Ecosystems, NATO
Conference Series. Plenum Press. New York.
pp: 1/ 213-229.
405) Margalef, R. 1985. From hydrodynamic
processes to structure (information) and
from information to process. Canadian
Bulletin of fisheries and aquatic sciences.
Ecosystem theory for biological oceanography. 213: 200-220.
406) Margalef, R. 1985. Introduction to the
Mediterranean. In: Western Mediterranean,
Margalef, R. (ed.). Key Environments.
Treherne, J.E. (general ed.). Pergamon Press,
Oxford. pp. 1-16.
407) Margalef, R. 1985. La ciencia ecológica y
los problemas ambienatles: técnicos, sociales,
humanos. In: El desafío ecológico, Ecología
y humanismo. Universidad Pontificia.
Salamanca. pp. 21-87.
408) Margalef, R. 1985. La limnologia a Catalunya.
Memorias de la Real Academia de Ciencias y
Artes de Barcelona. 46: 203-224.
409) Margalef, R. 1985. L’Ecologia. Servei del Medi
Ambient, Diputació de Barcelona. 126 pp.
410) Margalef, R. 1985. Primary production in
upwelling areas. Energy, global ecology and
resources. Simposio Internacional sobre las
áreas de afloramiento más importantes del
oeste africano (Cabo Blanco y Benguela).
Bas, C., Margalef, R., Rubies, P. (eds.).
Instituto de Investigaciones Pesqueras.
Barcelona. pp: 1/225-232.
1986
411) Margalef, R. 1986. Limnología del lago
Enriquillo (República Dominicana).
Oecologia Aquatica. 8: 1-10.
412) Margalef, R. 1986. Series Caoticas. Simposio
internacional sobre cambios de largo
termino en poblaciones de peces marinos.
Internatinal symposium on log term
changes in marine fish populations. 18-21
Noviembre 1986 Vigo. pp: 11/ 1-2.
413) Margalef, R. 1986. Sucesión y evolución: su
proyeccion biogeográfica. Paleontologia i
Evolució. 20: 7-26.
414) Margalef, R. 1986.Variaciones sobre el tema
de la selección natural: exploración. selección y decisión en sistemas complejos de
baja energía. In: Proceso al azar. Wagensberg,
J. (ed.). Tusquets. Barcelona. pp: 121-140.
415) Margalef, R. 1986.Variacions sobre el tema
de la selecció natural : exploració, selecció
i decisió en sistemes complexos de poca
energia. Saber. 7: 7-13.
1987
416) Margalef, R. 1987. Algunas contribuciones
de la limnología al desarrollo de la ecología
teórica. In: Actas IV Congreso Español de
Limnologia. Sevilla. 5-8 de mayo de 1987.
pp: 1-12.
417) Margalef, R. 1987. Divagacions sobre el
concepte de conservació. In: El medi en que
vivim. Arrel. Desembre 1987. pp: 19/ 6-12.
59
1989
418) Margalef, R. 1987. Història natural del canvi
en sistemes organitzats. Saber. 14: 592-600.
419) Margalef, R. 1987.Teoría y modelado de
los sistema fluctuantes. Seminario sobre
bases científicas para la protección de los
humedales de España. Real Academia de
Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Madrid.
pp: 31-41.
420) Margalef, R. 1987. Ways to differentiation
and diversity in ecosystems. In: Synergetics,
order and chaos.Velarde, M.G. (ed.). World
Scientific, Singapore. pp: 441-447.
421) Margalef, R., Estrada, M. 1987. Synoptic distribution of summer microplankton (Algae
and Protozoa) across the principal front in
the Western Mediterranean. Investigación
Pesquera. 51: 121-140.
427) Margalef, R. 1989. Condiciones de
aparición de la purga de mar y presiones de
selección de sus componentes. Cuadernos
da Área de Ciencias Mariñas. 4: 13-20.
428) Margalef, R. 1989. Els ecosistemes pelàgics.
In: Història Natural dels Països Catalans. 14.
Sistemes Naturals. pp: 73-118.
429) Margalef, R. 1989. Introducció al coneixement de la biosfera. In: Història Natural dels
Països Catalans. 14. Sistemes Naturals. Folch,
R. (ed.). pp: 15-25.
430) Margalef, R. 1989. La sucesión ecológica
como modelo de autoorganización.
Academia Sevillana de Ciencias. pp. 55-73.
431) Margalef, R. 1989. Le plancton: Survivre
et s’organiser dans un fluide mobile. In:
Océanologie, actualité et prospective. (M.
Denis, ed.). Centre d’Oceanologie de
Marseille. Marseille. pp: 169-185.
432) Margalef, R. 1989. On diversity and
connectivity, as historical expressions of
ecosystems. Coenoses the interdisciplinar
journal reporting progress in community
and popultation studies of the Internatinal
Center for Theoretical and Applied Ecology
4: 121-126.
1988
422) Estrada, M., Margalef, R. 1988. Supply of
nutrients to the Mediterranean photic zone
along a persistent front. Oceanologica Acta.
9: 133-142.
423) Margalef, R. 1988. Evolución de los macrófitos y su coevolución con los herbívoros.
Homenaje a Pedro Montserrat. Instituto de
Estudios Altoaragoneses. Instituto Pirenaico
de Ecología, Jaca. pp: 637-642.
424) Margalef, R. 1988. La ecología como marco
conceptual de reflexión sobre el hombre.
Ecologia y Culturas. Actas de las reuniones
de la Asociación interdisciplinar José de
Acosta. Madrid. pp. 15-39.
425) Margalef, R. 1988. Manipulació a l’escala
de l’ecosistema. Gestió de recursos naturals.
Tretze congrès de metges I biòlegs de llengua catalana. Llibre de ponencies. Andorra.
nov. 1988. pp: 53-64.
426) Margalef, R. 1988. Reset successions
and suspected chaos in models of marine
populations. International Symposium on
Long-term changes marine fish populations
(Vigo, 1986). Cambios de largo termino en
poblaciones de peces marinos. pp: 321-343.
1990
433) Margalef, R. 1990. Ecosistemas fluviales,
transporte horizontal y dinámica sucesional
evolutiva. Interciencia. 15: 334-336.
434) Margalef, R. 1990. Historia natural del
cambio en sistemas organizados. In: Sobre la
imaginación cientifica (J. Wagensberg, ed.).
Tusquets. Barcelona. pp: 140-169.
435) Margalef, R. 1990. La Biosfera sota l’imperi
de l’home: Canvis en fluxes energètics i
cicles biogeoquímics. Memorias de la Real
Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona.
49: 295-322.
436) Margalef, R. 1990. La diversidad biológica y
su evolución. Panda. 29: 4-11.
60
445) Margalef, R. 1991. Comments on rivers and
models. Limnética. 7: 185-190.
446) Margalef, R. 1991. El estado de los
humedales refleja el trayecto horizontal
inferior del ciclo global del agua. Curso de
humedales de la cuenca del Duero hábitats
de descarga de aguas subterráneas en el
acuífero de los Arenales actuaciones para su
protección Castillo de la Mota. Medina del
Campo. 30 de septiembre - 4 de octubre de
1991. Medina del Campo (Valladolid): Junta
de Castilla y León. Conserjería de Medio
Ambiente y Ordenación del Territorio.
Servicio de Educación Ambiental. pp: 17-20.
447) Margalef, R. 1991. G. Evelyn Hutchinson
(1903-1991). Algas. 9: 2-4.
448) Margalef, R. 1991. Individuation of
structure in ecology. In: Proceedings of
the International Symposium on Form
and Function in Zoology. Lanzavecchia, G.
Valvassori, R. (eds.). Selected Symposia and
Monographs U.Z.I., 5. Bormio (Sondrio)
October 2-4,1989. Mucchi Editore.
Modena. pp: 325-334.
449) Margalef, R. 1991. La predicción ecológica: incertidumbre y riesgo. In: Forum Deusto.Tercer
ciclo: El presente discontinuo. Universidad de
Deusto, Bilbao. Conferencia celebrada el 21 de
marzo de 1991. pp: 217-231.
450) Margalef, R. 1991. Networks in ecology.
In: Theoretical studies of ecosystems. The
Network perspective (M. Higashi & T.P.
Bums. eds.). Cambridge University Press.
Cambridge. pp: 41-57. Category: Papers.
Language: English.
451) Margalef, R. 1991. Paper dels museus de
ciències naturals en la sensibilització vers la
protecció del medi. La Vitrina. 6: 40-44.
452) Margalef, R. 1991. Perspectives de la creació
científica (a Catalunya). In: La recerca a
Catalunya, repte de futur. Generalitat de
Catalunya. Comissió Interdepartamental de
Recerca i Innovació Tecnològica, CIRIT.
Barcelona. pp. 205-218.
437) Margalef, R. 1990. Les xarxes en Ecologia.
In: Poblacions, societats i entorn, aproximacions transdisciplinàries. Els llibres de l’
Institut d’Humanitats. Club de Barcelona.
Barcanova. Barcelona. pp: 151-180.
438) Margalef, R. 1990. Limnology: reconsidering ways and goals. In: Scientific perspectives
in theoretical and applied limnology .
Memorie dell’Istituto Italiano di Idrobilogia
Marco De Marchi. Pallanza. pp: 47/ 57-76.
439) Margalef, R. 1990. Morto il mar
Mediterraneo? Io dico di no. Revista del
Gruppo Italgas. 22: 51-56.
440) Margalef, R. 1990. Pròleg: Ramon Margalef.
In: Una Sola Terra.Traduccions de textos
de Cousteau, J.Y., Dumont, R., Goldsmith,
E., King, A. Lutzenberger, J., Medvedev,
Z.A. Pròleg a “La necessitat d’una economia ecològica mundial” de Goldsmith, E.
Generalitat de Catalunya, Departament
d’Agricultura, Ramaderia i Pesca. pp: 111-125.
441) Margalef, R. 1990.Viure a la Terra: dels
límits i de les regles del joc. In: Poblacions,
societats i entorn, aproximacions transdisciplinàries. Els llibres de l’ Institut
d’Humanitats. Club de Barcelona.
Barcanova. Barcelona. pp: 21-55.
442) Margalef, R., Goldman, C. 1990.
Concluding remarks. In: Scientific perspectives in theoretical and applied limnology.
Memorie dell’Istituto di idrobiologia Marco
de Marchi. Ed. U. Hoepli. Pallanza. pp: 47/
373-378.
443) Margalef, R., Montoliu, C. 1990. Estudi
d’una riera. Generalitat de Catalunya.
Departament d’Ensenyament. Direcció
General d’Ordenació i Innovació Educativa.
Edicions Raima, Moià. 91 pp.
1991
444) Margalef, R. 1991. Algunes inspiracions
que l’ecologia teòrica deu a la química. In:
Miscel·lània Enric Cassacas. Alegret, S., Arias,
J.J., Barceló, D., Casal, J., Rauret, G. (eds.).
Publicacions de la Universitat Autònoma de
Barcelona, Bellaterra. pp: 233-235.
61
1993
453) Margalef, R. 1991. Teoría de los sistemas
ecológicos. Estudi general (Universitat
de Barcelona). Ciències experimentals i
matemàtiques. 1. Publicacions Universitat de
Barcelona. Barcelona. 290 pp.
454) Margalef, R. 1991. The skin of the oceans
and vertical inorganic carbon exchange. In:
Oceans, climate and man. Proceedings of
the International Conference held in Turin,
April 15th-17th, 1991. pp. 1-14.
462) Camarasa, J.M., Margalef, R. 1993.
L’artificialització antròpica de la biosfera.
In: Biosfera. 1. Planeta viu. Enciclopedia
Catalana BIOSFERA. pp: 289-318.
463) Margalef, R. 1993. Biotic diversity and
energy flow, forcing from man and nature.
In: Biological Indicators of Global Change.
The Royal Academy of Overseas Sciences.
Brussels. pp: 9-15.
464) Margalef, R. 1993. El planeta blau. In:
Biosfera. 1. Planeta viu. pp: 1/ 145-163.
465) Margalef, R. 1993. Energia per fer i desfer.
In: Biosfera. 1. Planeta viu. Enciclopedia
Catalana BIOSFERA. pp: 179-208.
466) Margalef, R. 1993. Éssers vius i informació.
In: Biosfera. 1. Planeta viu. Enciclopedia
Catalana BIOSFERA. pp: 209-233.
467) Margalef, R. 1993. Exploring alternative
models of populations, resources and
ecosystems. In: The System in the Sea.
Applying Ecosystems principles to Marine
Fisheries. David D. Platt (ed.). The Island
Institute Conference at Harvard University.
pp: 2/ 174-184.
468) Margalef, R. 1993. Matèria per la vida.
In: Biosfera. 1. Planeta viu. Enciclopedia
Catalana BIOSFERA. pp: 164-178.
469) Margalef, R. 1993. Presentación. In: La
ciencia natural del hombre. “El manuscrito
de Rusia” (1944-1948). Introducción al
estudio comparado del comportamiento.
Lorenz, K. Edición de Agnes von Cranach.
Tusquets, Barcelona. pp. 7-11.
470) Margalef, R. 1993. Troglobionts and modes
of evolution. Mémoires de Biospéologie.
20: 13-17.
471) Margalef, R. 1994. Biodiversity, diversity and
production. Biodiversity and production in
the ocean: a grand challenge for European
cooperation in marine science: outcome of
the ECOPS Euroconference held in San
Feliu de Guixols, 4-8 May 1994. pp: 3-4.
1992
455) Margalef, R. 1992. Les fonts del Montseny.
La Sitja del Llop. 3: 3-3.
456) Margalef, R. 1992. Oblik biosfery. Institut
d’Oceanologia. Nauka. Moskva. 213 pp.
457) Margalef, R. 1992. Planeta azul, planeta
verde. Biblioteca Scientific American. XIV.
Prensa Científica. Barcelona. 265 pp.
458) Margalef, R. 1992. Population dynamics
converges with succession theory. In: Marine
Eutrophication and Population Dynamics.
Proceedings of the 25th European Marine
Biology Symposium. pp: 135-141.
459) Margalef, R. 1992. Prefaci. In: Els Rius i la
Vegetació. Geografia General dels Països
Catalans. Enciclopèdia Catalana, Barcelona.
pp: XV-XX.
460) Margalef, R. 1992. Prólogo. In: de Sostoa, A.,
Ferrer, X. Naturaleza en IberoAmerica. Un
solo mundo. Lunwerg Editores, Barcelona.
pp. 7-7.
461) Margalef, R. 1992. Ramon Margalef. In:
The system in the sea. Applying Ecosystem
Principles to Marine Fisheries. Platt, D.D.
(ed.). The Island Institute Conference at
Harvard University. June 16-18, 1992.Vol. 2.
Conference proceedings. pp: 31-33.
62
1994
483) Margalef, R. 1994. Letter to the editor.
Ecological Engineering. 3: 90-91.
484) Margalef, R. 1994. Per què és tan difícil fer
prediccions interessants. In: El Món cap on
anem. Nadal, J. (ed.). pp: 241-261.
485) Margalef, R. 1994. Suport material per a
il·lusions exosomàtiques. Revista d’etnologia
de Catalunya. 5: 46-53.
486) Margalef, R. 1994. The place of epicontinental waters in global ecology. In:
Limnology Now, a paradigm of planetary
problems. R. Margalef (ed.). Elsevier.
Amsterdam. pp: 1-8.
487) Margalef, R. 1994. Through the looking
glass: how marine phytoplakton appears
through the microscope when graded by
size and taxonomically sorted. Scientia
Marina. 58: 87-101.
488) Margalef, R., Bertranpetit, J., Bellés, X.
(eds.). 1994. Entorn, tecnologia i societat.
Del passat al futur. Treballs de la Societat
Catalana de Biologia. 45. 191 pp.
489) Margalef, R., Bertranpetit, J., Belles, X. 1994.
Presentació. In: Margalef, R., Bertranpetit,
J., Belles, X. (eds.). Entorn, Tecnologia i
Societat. Del Passat al Futur. Treballs de la
Societat Catalana de Biologia. 45: 7-7.
490) Margalef, R., Flos, J. 1994. La dinàmica
marina. In: Biosfera. 10. Litorals i oceans.
Enciclopedia Catalana BIOSFERA. pp:
25-43.
472) Margalef, R. (ed). 1994. Limnology now: a
paradigm of planetary problems. Elsevier.
553 pp.
473) Margalef, R. 1994. A la recerca de
l’estructura. Funcionament i evolució de la
Biosfera. En: Les Relacions entre Ciència
i Societat a la Catalunya a la fi del segle
XX. Fundació Catalana per la Recerca.
Col·lecció Ciència i Societat. pp 49-57.
474) Margalef, R. 1994. Dificultats inherents a la
predicció ecològica. In: Entorn,Tecnologia
i Societat. Del Passat al Futur. Margalef,R.,
Bertranpetit, J., Bellés, X. (eds.).Treballs de la
Societat Catalana de Biologia.Vol. 45: 147-155.
475) Margalef, R. 1994. Diversity and biodiversity- Their possible meaning in relation with
the wish for sustainable development. Anais
da Academia Brasileira. 66: 3-14.
476) Margalef, R. 1994. Dynamic aspects of diversity. Journal of Vegetation Science. 5: 451-456.
477) Margalef, R. 1994. El continent i el contingut. In: Biosfera. 10. Litorals i oceans. Folch,
R. (ed.) Enciclopedia Catalana BIOSFERA.
10: 17-24.
478) Margalef, R. 1994. El gran riu planetari. In:
Biosfera. 10. Litorals i oceans. Enciclopedia
Catalana BIOSFERA. pp: 325-332.
479) Margalef, R. 1994. El río planetario. I
Congreso Argentino de Limnología. Tankay.
Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto
Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de
Tucumán. Tucumán. Sept. 1994. pp:. 1-11.
480) Margalef, R. 1994. Els fonaments del sistema
pelàgic: plàncton, nècton, plèuston. In:
Biosfera. 10. Litorals i oceans. Enciclopedia
Catalana BIOSFERA. pp: 47/55.
481) Margalef, R. 1994. Els productors primaris: el
fitoplàncton. In: Biosfera. 10. Litorals i oceans.
Enciclopedia Catalana BIOSFERA. pp: 56-81.
482) Margalef, R. 1994. Energia i artefactes exosomàtics: Un element de competició darwiniana. Ponències presentades en el: Seminari
sobre Ecologia i Economia. Associació per
a les Nacions Unides a Espanya. Barcelona,
març de 1994. pp: 18-22.
1995
491) Alcover, J.A., Catalan, J., Comelles, M.,
Margalef, R. 1995. Uns mons que s’esvaeixen.
In: Biosfera. 9.Tundra i insularitat. Enciclopedia
Catalana BIOSFERA. pp: 431-436.
492) Margalef, R. 1995. Aplicacions del caos
matemàtic determinista en ecologia.
In: Ordre i caos en ecologia. Ciències
Experimentals i Matemàtiques, Nº6, Univ.
Barcelona pp: 171-184.
493) Margalef, R. 1995. Ecologia, artefactes i
energies externes. In: Reptes de la ciència a
les portes del segle XXI. Bellés, X., Estruch,
J. (eds.). Rubes, Barcelona. pp: 49-51.
63
504) Margalef, R., Dudley, Camarasa, J.M.,
Ibero, C., Peck, T.J. 1996. La vida als rius i
als llacs. In: Biosfera. 7. Boscanes decídues.
Enciclopedia Catalana BIOSFERA. pp:
156-172.
494) Margalef, R. 1995. Fitoplancton del NW
del Mediterraneo (Mar Catalan) en junio de
1993, y factores que condicionan su producción y distribución. Memorias de la Real
Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona.
55: 1-56.
495) Margalef, R. 1995. La ecología, entre la
vida real y la física teórica. Investigación y
Ciencia. 225: 66-73.
496) Margalef, R. 1995. Tenim idea de com
funciona la Mediterrània?. Arxius de les seccions de ciències. Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
100: 127-136.
497) Margalef, R., Alcover, J.A., Altaba, C.R.,
Camarasa, J.M. 1995. De l’aïllament a la
insularitat. In: Biosfera. 9. Tundra i insularitat.
Enciclopedia Catalana BIOSFERA. pp:
329-337.
1997
505) Margalef, R. 1997. Algal mats, estromatogels
i estromatolits: una relíquia a conservar.
Bolletí de la Societat d’Història Natural de
les Balears. 40: 11-15.
506) Margalef, R. 1997. Dinámica de los
ecosistemas: ¿hacia dónde camina el planeta?
In: La Interpretación de la problemática
ambiental: enfoques basicos. Colección
Medio Ambiente y Educación Ambiental.
Dir: Novo, M., Coord: Lara, R. Fundación
Universidad- Empresa, Madrid. 1997.Vol. 1.
pp: 75-98.
507) Margalef, R. 1997. Introducción. In: La
Biosfera.Vernadsky,V. Colección Economia
y Naturaleza. Serie Textos Básicos.
Fundación Argentaria, Navalcarnero. pp:
9-18.
508) Margalef, R. 1997. Irreversibility of
information and its implications for living
systems. Microbiologia Sem. 13: 357-360.
509) Margalef, R. 1997. On ecological topics
of current interest and retaled quantifiable
models. In: Biological models. Rinaldo, A.,
Marani, A. (eds.). Istituto Veneto di Scienze.
Venice. pp: 145-196.
510) Margalef, R. 1997. Our Biosphere.
Excellence in ecology. 10. Ecology Institute.
Oldendorf/Luhe. 176 pp.
511) Margalef, R. 1997. Rapports historiques et
dynamiques entre diversité et biodiversité.
Geobios. 21: 107-111.
512) Margalef, R. 1997. Turbulence and marine
life. In: Lectures on plankton and turbulence.
Marrasé, C., Saiz, E., Redondo, J.M. (eds.).
Institut de Ciències del Mar. Barcelona.
Scientia Marina. pp: 61.1/ 109-123.
1996
498) Margalef, R. 1996. ¿Pueden ser de origen
endógeno las grandes catástrofes de la biosfera? La otra sombra de Gaia. In: La lógica de
las extinciones. Agustí, J. (ed.). Metatemas 42.
Tusquets Editores, Barcelona. pp: 155-184.
499) Margalef, R. 1996. Apropiació de l’aigua
epicontinental i cicle global. In: Quinzè
congrés de metges i biòlegs de llengua
catalana. llibre de ponències. pp. 35-46.
500) Margalef, R. 1996. Information and uncertainty in living systems, a view from ecology.
Biosystems. 38: 141-146. Category: Papers.
Language: English.
501) Margalef, R. 1996. La gestió de les aigües
continentals. In: Biosfera. 7. Boscanes decídues. Enciclopedia Catalana BIOSFERA.
pp: 335-337.
502) Margalef, R. 1996. La gestión de los
embalses y su repercusión medioambiental.
I Congreso Regional del Agua 11-13 junio
1996. Junta de Castilla y León.Valladolid. pp:
239-242.
503) Margalef, R. 1996. Una ecología renovada a
la medida de nuestros problemas. Colección
Cuadernas, no. 3. Fundación César
Manrique, Madrid. 115 pp.
1998
64
521) Margalef, R. 1999. Francesc Español
(1907-1999), biólogo y naturalista ejemplar.
Miscel·lània Zoològica. 22.1: 148-150.
522) Margalef, R. 1999. Francesc Español (19071999), exemplary biologist and naturalist.
Miscel·lània Zoològica. 22.1: 151-153.
523) Margalef, R. 1999. Francesc Español Coll
(1907-1999), biòleg i naturalista exemplar.
Miscel·lània Zoològica. Museu de Zoologia.
Ajuntament de Barcelona. 22: 145-147.
524) Margalef, R. 1999. The play diversity/biodiversity in the construction of the Biosphere,
as exemplified in the Mediterranean
phytoplankton and as expression of the
operation of very general principles. Journal
of Mediterranean Ecology. 1: 3-10.
525) Margalef, R. 1999.Vies metabòliques
alternatives incorporades per l’evolució: la
constructivitat de la vida. Societat Catalana
de Biologia. Sessió inaugural curs univ.19992000. 3-11-99. pp: 1-16.
513) Margalef, R. 1998. Earth-level man-made
changes to which not enough attention is
paid. The Earth’s Changing Land GCTELUCC Open Science Conference on
Global Change. Barcelona (Spain), 14-18
March 1998. Neswsletter. pp. 3/ 2-2.
514) Margalef, R. 1998. Elements limitants,
explotabilitat i diversitat: homenatge a Bolòs
i al fòsfor. Acta Botanica Barcinonensia. 45:
633-643.
515) Margalef, R. 1998. Progreso: una valoración
subjetiva entusiasta de casi la mitad de los
cambios en los sistemas vivos. In: El progreso
¿un concepto acabado o emergente?
Wagensberg, J., Agusti, J. (eds.). Metatemas
52, Tusquests Editores. Barcelona. pp:
169-192.
516) Margalef, R. 1998. Prólogo. In:
Supervivientes de la Biodiversidad. Bellés, X.
Rubes. Barcelona. pp: 7-10.
517) Margalef, R. 1998. Red Tides and ciguatera
as successful ways in the evolution and
survival of an admirable old phylum. In:
Harmful Algae, Proceedings of the VIII
International Conference on Harmful
Alagae Vigo, Spain 25-29 June 1997.
Reguera, B., Blanco, J., Fernandez,
M.-L., Wyatt, T. (eds.). Xunta de Galicia.
Integovernmental Oceanographic
Comission of UNESCO. pp: 3-7.
2000
526) Margalef, R. 2000. Eco-evo: el espacio
donde se encuentran la ecología y la evolución o la dinámica sucesional del ecosistema
como matriz de la evolución. In: Congreso
de Ecología. Santiago de Compostela, 2000.
pp: 1-1. Abstract.
527) Margalef, R. 2000. El front de les recerques
en biologia. Presentació del volum cap on
va la biologia moderna, 1971. In: La biologia
a l’alba d’un nou mil·leni . Bertranpetit,
J. (ed.). Treballs de la Societat Catalana de
Biologia. pp: 50/ 9-12.
528) Margalef, R. 2000. El marco ecológico para
iluminar la sociedad actual. In: Economía,
Ecología y Sostenibilidad en la sociedad actual. J.M. Naredo & F. Parra (eds.). Ediciones
siglo XXI. Madrid. pp: 51-65.
529) Margalef, R. 2000. Lo que se llama ecología
y posibles condicionantes de nuestro futuro.
In: Hacia una ideología para el siglo XXI.
Ante la crisis civilizatoria de nuestro tiempo.
Alcina, J. Cales, M. (eds.). Akal universitaria.
Serie interdisciplinar. pp: 329-344.
1999
518) Margalef, R. 1999. Discurs d’acceptació com
a doctor honoris causa de Ramon Margalef.
Universitat d’ Alacant. pp: 1-6.
519) Margalef, R. 1999. Discurs de contestació:
Hidrodinámica i fitoplàncton en el mar
català: memòria llegida per l’acadèmica
electa Dra. Marta Estrada i Miyares en l’acte
de la seva recepció el dia 2 de septembre de
1999. Memorias de la Real Academia de
Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona. 58: 59-61.
520) Margalef, R. 1999. Ecología y economía:
¿ajenas, divergentes o complementarias?
Pirineos. 153154: 175-181.
65
530) Margalef, R. 2000. Organització de la biosfera i reflexions sobre el present i el futur de
la nostra espècie i de la ciència ecològica.
In: La biologia a l’alba d’un nou mil·leni .
Bertranpetit, J. (ed.). Treballs de la Societat
Catalana de Biologia. pp: 50/ 47-59.
535) Margalef, R. 2002. La superficie del planeta
y la organizacion de la biosfera: reacción
a los nuevos mecanismos añadidos por el
poder creciente de los humanos. Munibe.
53: 7-14.
2003
2001
536) Margalef, R. 2003. De com la civilització
modifica l’entorn i accelera la dinàmica
d’una evolució global amb inversió de la
topologia original dels espais continentals
humanitzats. In: Un tast de canvi global.
Marrasé, C., Llebot, J.E. (eds.). Treballs de la
Societat Catalana de Biologia. pp: 54/ 9-12.
537) Margalef, R. 2003. Un naturalista eminent
que mira, admira i trascendeix la seva terra.
In: Guillem Colom Casanovas, naturalista
i geòleg: pioner i mestre de la micropaleontologia espanyola. Guillem Mateu (ed.).
Universitat de les Illes Balears. p. 17-22.
531) Margalef, R. 2001. Exosomatic structures
and captive energies relevant in succession
and evolution. In: Thermodynamics and
ecological modelling. Jørgensen, S.E. (ed.).
Lewis Publishers. Boca Raton. pp. 5-15.
532) Margalef, R. 2001. Menudencias que
cuentan. In: Opinion. Temas de debate. La
Gaia ciencia. La Vanguardia, 10 Junio 2001.
pp: 33-33.
533) Margalef, R. 2001. The top layers of water
bodies, a most important although relatively
neglected piece of the biosphere plumbing.
In: A marine science Odyssey into the 21st
century. J. Gili, J. M. Pretus and T. T. Packard
(eds.) Scientia Marina. pp: 65.2/ 207-213.
2005
538) Margalef, R. 2005. Retos de la ecología.
Grandes líneas del funcionamiento de la
cubierta viva del planeta. In: Filosofía de
las ciencias naturales, sociales y matemáticas. Estany, A. (ed.). 2005. Enciclopedia
Iberoamericana de Filosofía 28. Consejo
Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Ed.
Trotta, Madrid. pp. 163-175.
2002
534) Margalef, R. 2002. Diversidad y biodiversidad. In: La diversidad biológica de España.
Pineda, F.D., de Miguel, J.M., Casado, M.A.,
Montalvo, J. (coordinators-editors). Prentice
Hall, Madrid. pp: 3-5.
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