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Changing Adjective Clauses to
Adjective Phrases
“Modern Politicians”
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“Describe what you can see in the picture”
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Listen to the article then answer the GIST question below.
“What captures the imagination of the country's
youth and motivates them to work for the good of
all?”
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Fill in the blanks as you listen to the article once.
________ who are running for office are having to make changes in order to appeal to
today's youth. Old-style politicians who ______ twenty-five years or more of
experience are having difficulty getting younger voters to join their ______imagines
how the system can work in the future. Political loyalties that were once solid and
unlikely to change now shift ______, particularly with so many independent voters. The
political power of unions that supported candidates in the past are now weakening and
under serious attack.
In the past, politicians who were _______ only had to concern themselves with
effectively using the television and the news media. Nowadays, politicians who may
know nothing about tweeting and posting on social media sites have to appear as if
they do. Modern politicians who run for office require a lot of money for expenses. At
the same time, modern politicians cannot appear _______; they must appear to be like
the average person who is _______ with work, family and healthcare. A successful,
modern politician is charismatic, captures the imagination of the country's youth and
motivates them to work for the good of all.
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Listen to the article for the last time then answer the following
questions below.
Main Idea Questions:
• What is the article about?
Detailed Questions:
• Who are running for office are having to make changes in order to
appeal to today's youth?
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Concept Check:
• Old-style
• boast
• Campaigns
• loyalties
• struggling
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Highlighting:
 There are two ways in which an adjective clause is
changed to an adjective phrase.
1. If the adjective clause contains the be form of verb, omit the pronoun and
the be form.
Examples:
(a) CLAUSE: The man who is taking to John is from Korea.
PHRASE: The man taking to John is from Korea.
(b) CLAUSE: The ideas which are presented in that book are good.
PHRASE: The ideas presented in that book are good.
(c) CLAUSE: Ann is the woman who is responsible for the error .
PHRASE: Ann is the woman responsible for the error.
(d) CLAUSE: The book that are on that shelf are mine.
PHRASE: The book on that shelf are mine.
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2. If there’s no be form of a verb in the adjective clause, it is sometimes
possible to omit the subject pronoun and change the verb to its –ing form.
Example:
(e) CLAUSE: English has an alphabet that consists of 26 letters.
PHRASE: English has an alphabet consisting of 26 letters.
(f) CLAUSE: Anyone who wants to come with us is welcome.
PHRASE: Anyone wanting to come with us is welcome.
***If the adjective clause requires commas, the adjective phrase also require
commas.
Example:
(g) George Washington, who was the first president of The United
States, was wealthy colonist and the general in the army.
(h) George Washington, the first president of The United States,
was wealthy colonist and the general in the army.
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***Adjective phrases in which a noun follows another noun are called
“appositives”.
Example:
(i) Paris, the capital of France, is an exciting city.
(j) I read a book by Mark Twain, a famous American author.
 If an adjective clause that contains be + a single adjective is
changed, the adjective is moved to its normal position in front of the
noun it modifies.
CLAUSE:
Fruit that is fresh tastes better than old, soft mushy fruit.
CORRECT PHRASE: Fresh fruit tastes better than old, soft, mushy fruit.
INCORRECT PHRASE: Fruit fresh tastes better than old, soft, mushy fruit.
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CONTROLLED ACTIVITY: Determine whether the clause is grammatically
correct. Write “C” if it’s correct and “I” if it’s incorrect.
1. Politicians who running for office are having to make changes in order to
appeal to today's youth.
Answer: “I” - Change “who running for office” to “running for office”.
2. Old-style politicians boasting twenty-five years or more of experience are
having difficulty getting younger voters to join their campaigns.
3. A politician knowing how the system works is less valued than a
politician who imagines how the system can work in the future.
4. Political loyalties were once solid and unlikely to change now shift quickly,
particularly with so many independent voters.
5. The political power of unions supported candidates in the past are now
weakening and under serious attack.
6. In the past, politicians being successful only had to concern themselves
with effectively using the television and the news media.
7. Nowadays, politicians knowing nothing about tweeting and posting on
social media sites have to appear as if they do.
8. Modern politicians require a lot of money for expenses running for office.
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Semi – Controlled Activity: Change adjective clauses to adjective phrases.
1. A healthful diet that includes fruit and fiber will decrease one's risk of cancer.
Answer: A healthful diet including fruit and fiber will decrease one's risk of
cancer.
2. A family that takes vitamins has fewer visits to the doctor.
3. The study said that children who attended preschool often had more colds.
4. Joggers who will run in the marathon should get to the stadium early to
warm up.
5. A person who does at least 30 minutes of exercise a day will feel better.
6. Senior citizens who keep active tend to live longer, happier lives.
7. Fifty years ago, many people who suffered from Tuberculosis eventually died.
8. Today, the number of people who die from AIDs is finally decreasing.
9. People who don't vote should not complain about their government.
10. Do you think that a person who smokes around children in public should be
cited?
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