CHAPTER II
AN OVERVIEW OF THE GLOBAL AND DOMESTIC FOOTWEAR INDUSTRY
2.1 The Footwear Industry – A Global Perspective
Prior to the First World War most countries concentrated their footwear production only
in the domestic markets. Very few countries namely, United States, United Kingdom,
Germany and Switzerland concentrated on exports. From the eighteenth century onwards
the North American footwear industry was growing tremendously.
From the early
nineteenth century onwards the country introduced mechanization. Therefore between the
years 1863 – 1895, the footwear industries in North America became completely
automated as a result of which they were able to achieve extraordinary increase in
productivity. Before the First World War, United States exports increased to 11 million
pairs of shoes as against 2, 75,000 pairs in 1870s. Prior to the growth of United States in
the footwear exports, United Kingdom was the prime contender exporting around 8
million pairs per year. In order to resist competition from the United States, the British
Footwear Industry also automated its production process. Similar process was followed
by Germany and Switzerland. Thereafter many other European Countries also followed
suit. Close to First World War, the footwear sector in United States and in European
Countries comprised of either medium or large scale industries. The First World War
increased the footwear exports of Great Britain and United States substantially. For
instance Great Britain alone manufactured around 60 million pairs of military shoes and
supplied a quarter to its allies. Whereas footwear exports in United States reached about
17 million pairs by 1919. The demand for footwear during the First World War
accelerated modernization in many other European countries like France.
These
countries modernized their footwear industry not only due to demand but also due to non
availability of labour. Also many other countries even though they did not participate in
the World War still modernized their industry due to accelerated demand, for instance,
Spain (Miranda, 2009). Post World War I, the international trade in footwear took a
different turn. After 1921, there was a sharp decline in footwear exports. The reason
being the countries which were importing footwear had developed production internally
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and imposed protection measures. These countries included Italy, Australia, New
Zealand, Argentina and Union of South Africa. The large footwear exporting countries
like United States and UK gradually became world’s leading importers. Between the
years 1920 – 1933, North American exports fell to 95% of its pre-war exports in 1900.
The footwear exports of the United States and United Kingdom did revive prior to II
World War. But it was only for a short period, as the United States and United Kingdom,
had already started importing footwear to a large extent from other countries like Spain,
Italy and Czechoslovakia. During the second half of the twentieth century the growth of
international footwear trade was enormous. Between the years 1960 to 1965, the overall
footwear export rose to 136 million pairs per year, which were only 20 million pairs
before the Second World War. In 1970s the footwear exports tripled and in 1990s it was
almost ten times more. The principal importers for these products were the countries with
highest GDP namely, United States and the European countries led by United Kingdom
and Germany. The imports by the United States were primarily on non-rubber footwear
which in 1950s amounted to around ten million pairs per year, which represents 2 percent
of the global consumption. In 1965, the non-rubber footwear imports by the United States
increased to 95 percent amounting to 13 percent of the global consumption. In 1969 it
still exceeded 200 million pairs and represented a quarter of the total global consumption.
The trend continued and in the year 1998, the consumption of footwear rose to 1200
million pairs. In the year 2010 the imports of footwear in United States further increased
to almost twenty two thousand million pairs, making it as the leading importer of leather
and non-leather footwear globally.
The 1960s saw the emergence of Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Hungary and Brazil as
leading exporting countries and this trend continued till the mid 1970s. The 1960s also
stood as a witness for the growth of fashion footwear in the Women’s sector. Therefore
more diversified and specialized footwear products were introduced in the footwear
market. In 1980s Taiwan and South Korea followed by the People’s Republic of China
and Vietnam in the 1990s entered the International Trade. With reduced labour cost and
abundant raw materials the Asian countries created powerful trade in the international
market. At the end of twentieth century, the European countries found it very difficult to
face the Asian competition. It should be noted that in 1980, world footwear output was
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$42 billion. By 1995, the output grew to 44% more than in 1980 amounting to $60.5
billion. But during 1980 – 1995 the Asian output grew by 424% as against 16% in
America and 10% in Europe. The Table 2.1 given below denotes the footwear imports of
United States, Germany, France, United Kingdom, Italy, Hong Kong, Japan, Russia,
Spain, Netherland, Belgium and Canada during the period 2006 to 2010. Table 2.2 gives
the representation of the countries that exports footwear both leather and non leather
between the year 2006 and 2010.
Table 2.1: Global Trends in Footwear Imports (Value in Million US $)
Country
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
USA
19835.93 20039.13 20104.41 17904.13 21530.97
Germany
5591.77 5966.99 6529.33 6037.73 6814.89
France
4778.07 5473.04 5714.00 5379.78 5802.18
UK
4950.49 5281.55 5213.00 4772.59 5529.01
Italy
4047.37 4529.77 4810.25 4484.10 4928.22
Hong Kong 4984.59 4881.67 4944.40 3974.30 4676.06
Japan
3509.83 3750.04 4112.99 4077.58 4468.16
Russia
1121.68 2067.82 2843.81 2149.42 3768.80
Spain
2036.21 2388.74 2917.97 2464.34 2816.83
Netherlands 1978.33 2297.95 2570.86 2481.35 2752.38
Belgium
2057.39 2543.04 2892.62 2554.50 2554.59
Canada
1507.21 1677.05 1748.04 1645.09 1869.25
Source: Council for leather exports, (Sponsored by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Govt.
of India)
Table2.2: Global Trends in Footwear Exports (Value in Million US $)
Country
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
China
21014.63 24181.69 28115.96 26571.20 33665.11
Italy
8246.51 9712.94 10218.75 8189.14
8754.52
Hong Kong 5692.82 5639.64 5666.05 4502.49 5243.74
Vietnam
3591.01 3999.99 4500.00 4100.99 5070.19
Belgium
2960.28 3375.63 3680.80 3464.10 3716.77
Germany
2607.89 2999.19 3611.90 3194.69 3443.61
Spain
2147.74 2440.47 2670.35 2487.12 2449.73
Indonesia
1514.63 1567.05 1828.44 1688.35 2428.72
Netherlands 1577.03 1811.96 2240.70 2235.80 2412.14
France
1535.21 1840.51 2015.13 1800.70 1969.58
Portugal
1465.11 1695.88 1797.00 1552.74 1719.67
Brazil
1863.07 1911.74 1881.30 1359.98 1472.42
India
1236.91 1489.35 1534.32 1507.59 1732.04
Source: Council for leather exports, (Sponsored by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Govt.
of India)
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The Table 2.1 clearly suggests that United States of America is the largest importer of
footwear. From Table 2.2 it can be inferred that China is the largest exporter of footwear
in the world market. On analyzing both the Tables, it is evident that the year 2009 has not
been very attractive year especially for the exporting countries. All the major countries
have suffered a setback in the year 2009. The reason can be attributed to the downturn in
the US economy. Due to the economic recession the household disposable income had
reduced. Decrease in the household disposable income lead to a decrease in the
discretionary income. As the quantity, quality and frequency of purchase of footwear in
United States depends on discretionary income, the domestic consumer spending on
footwear also decreased. It was estimated that the domestic consumer spending fell by
3.4% in the year 2009.
Table 2.3: Decrease in exports in the year 2009
Countries
Decrease in exports
(in percent)
China
-5.49
Italy
-19.86
Hong Kong -20.53
Vietnam
-8.87
Belgium
-5.89
Germany
-11.55
Spain
-6.85
Indonesia
-7.66
Netherlands -0.22
France
-10.64
Portugal
-13.59
Brazil
-0.28
India
-1.74
In the year 2010 the market started reviving. Therefore the footwear exports also started
increasing in the year 2010.
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2.2 The Footwear Market in India
Footwear though it seems to be a pedestrian’s topic of study but it is a commodity that
leverages mass production, popularly consumed and personal expression (Michael,
2007). It is the engine of growth for the leather Industry. India is the second largest
producer of footwear next to China. India accounts for 14% of the global annual footwear
production of 14.52 billion pairs. India manufactures around 1965 million pairs of
footwear every year of which 909 million pairs are made of leather and 1056 million
pairs of non leather footwear. India exports around 115 million pairs of footwear. Low
cost production, abundant availability of raw material and a huge consumption market are
the basic features of the Indian footwear market. At present the domestic footwear
industry is expected to touch a size of Rs 38,500 crores by 2015 due increasing income
level and at present the footwear sector is estimated to contribute Rs 22,000 crores
(ASSOCHAM). The Industry is project to grow at 8 – 10%. The categories include
casual, formal, semi-formal, sports shoes and sandals. Bulk of its production is consumed
internally. Therefore domestically there is a huge market. Much of its growth is driven by
the middle-class, especially in the urban market (Source: fMM&T). Despite the fact, the
Indian population is becoming more eminent, still we find that the footwear market is
divided into organized and the unorganized sector. The unorganized sector dominates the
market. The overall contribution of organised retail is only 20% and is expected to reach
25 – 30% by 2015. Urban India constitutes 70% of the overall purchase.
In the mental space of our time, footwear is no longer a commodity but an image,
identity, attitude, personality enhancer (Belk, 2003), experience and lifestyle (Bernard,
2003). The footwear industry can be called as a “one world employer”, as international
subcontracting is widely practiced in this sector. This industry is experiencing a
tremendous growth globally more than any manufacturing sector. It is highly influenced
by global competitiveness and the strategies implemented by international companies. It
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is no longer a commodity that is produced in the factories and dumped in the market
(Jeff, 1999).
In terms of employment, India is the fourth largest employer of labour in the footwear
manufacturing sector. As the footwear industry is labour intensive, labour costs tends to
be important in production. Western European countries, USA and South Korea, have
high labour costs in the footwear sector where as the Indian labourers are paid low level
wages. Further the average weekly hours worked is the highest in Asia.
Fashion changes are rapid in footwear market. Therefore the firms should adapt their
production pattern and methods and manage their inventories accordingly. Certain
multinational marketing organisations like Reebok chose India as their base as “an
alternative to China”. In 1990s China and Indonesia were a primary source of footwear
imports for the USA. India was considered as a fallback in the event of an interruption of
Chinese supplies. Further the wage rate, at which the Indian labour is engaged in the
footwear manufacturing process, makes India as the most cost and price competitive
country globally. India is considered as a huge emerging market and a sourcing base for
global exports by many International players. Therefore International players have
entered into a joint venture agreements with Indian forms. For instance Reebok entered
into a joint venture agreement with the Indian shoe manufacturer Phoenix where in the
former conducts marketing and trading and the latter was to manufacture and share in
marketing.
The footwear industry is susceptible to certain vital issues namely, market volatility due
to frequent changes in fashion, diverse market, competition from innumerable
manufacturers both from the organised and unorganized sector and the dissimilar buying
habits of the customers. Design is the key for creating competitive advantage for the
retailers and wholesalers (Perves et al, 2004). As the consumers both in the domestic and
international markets continue to become more sophisticated and demanding, it becomes
inevitable for the manufacturers to develop quick response strategies (Amrik, 2001). It is
essential to study the fashion and stylistic changes in footwear. While style related to the
cut or type of shoes, fashion relates to the footwear features. Also in the emerging
competitive markets it becomes vital for the manufacturers to develop and maintain brand
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images (Kumar and Kumar, 1988). On an average the number of shoes worn by
individual is about 2.5 shoes per year (ASSOCHAM). The footwear market can be
fragmented into men’s, women’s and the kids segments.
Fig 2.1: Percentage share of Men, Women and Kids segment in the Indian Footwear
Market
15%
30%
Men
Women
55%
Kids
The footwear market is dominated by the men’s segment at 55%, followed by the
women’s and kids segment at 30% and 15% respectively.
2.3 The Indian Footwear Retail Industry:
Though, the Indian consumers are highly discerning but still the Retail industry of the
country is bifurcated into organised and the unorganized sectors. Organised sector is
categorized by the retail formats that pay their Income Tax, Sales Tax etc constituting
37.2% of the total footwear retail sector. Excusive retail outlets that may be either
exclusive stores or multi-brand stores that are owned by large corporate houses, public or
private companies come under the organised category. The retail formats like pavement
vendors, hand carts, small stores which can be either privately held or partnership which
do not pay their income tax or sales tax come under the category of unorganized sector
which constitutes 62.2% of the total footwear retail in India.
Fig 2.2 Indian Footwear Retail Sector
INDIAN FOOTWEAR RETAIL INDUSTRY
ORGANISED (37.8%)
UNORGANISED (62.2%)
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The footwear retail sector is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 15%
and likely to earn Rs 38,700 crores of earnings by 2015. At present the footwear retail
sector earns Rs 22,000 crores with a CAGR of 5% (Source: ASSOCHAM). India
produces nearly 300 crore pairs of footwear annually. Of which only 10% is exported the
remaining 90% is consumed domestically. Presently about 50% of the men’s purchases
takes in the organised sector whereas about 80% – 90% of purchases by women take
place in the unorganized sector. But with growing fashion consciousness along with
increased disposable income among India’s urban middle class this trend is likely to
change in the near future. Further the Indian consumers are also becoming more brand
conscious. The Indian consumer market is younger when compared to the markets in the
developed nations, which comprises more of older consumers presently and therefore the
retail markets have become more saturated. Therefore many foreign brands have already
started establishing themselves in India namely, Aldo, Bally, Clarks, Ecco, Florshiem,
Ferragammo, Hush Puppies, Lee cooper, Lloyd, Marks & Spencer, Nike, Nine West,
New Balance, Reebok, Rockport, Stacy Adams, Tod’s, Geox and Louis Vuitton.
Similarly domestic brands are also moving beyond national boundaries namely, Red
Tape, Bata, Liberty, Khadims, Lakhani, Metro and Action shoes.
Most of the footwear brands have exclusive retail outlets and account for about 55
percent of the footwear market while multi-brand retail outlets account for about 30
percent. With customers preferring to purchase footwear along with clothes, most of the
retailers are re-working on their channel strategies. Online shoe shopping is also a fast
emerging segment and currently accounts for about 8 percent of the footwear purchase of
the overall industry and is expected to reach nearly 20 percent by 2015.
2.4 Segmentation Patterns in the Footwear Retail:
The different segmentation patterns followed at present by the footwear retailers include:
On the basis of material used in construction the footwear:





Leather Shoes
Rubber Shoes
PVC Shoes
Canvas Shoes
Multi-product Shoes
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On the basis of consumers:





Men’s Shoes
Women’s Shoes
Boys’ Shoes
Girls’ Shoes and
Baby Shoes
On the basis of usage pattern:





Formal Shoe
Casual Shoes
Slippers for house use
Military Shoes
Sports Shoes
On the basis of Types of Shoes:





Police Boots
Formal wear, closed and pump shoes
Sandals
Hawai Chappals
Slippers
On the basis of Price:



High end Shoes
Medium Price Shoes
Low-Priced Shoes
2.5 Key Players in the Indian Footwear Industry:
a) Bata India Ltd: The Company was founded in 1894 in Zlin of the Czech Republic
by Tomas Bata. In India, the company was established in 1932 as a small unit in
Konnagar, near Calcutta. Two years later it further expanded its operation in 155 acres of
land purchased partly from Calcutta Port trust and the rest from other land owners. Few
years later it further expanded its operation. Now this manufacturing facility is referred as
Batanagar. This company was the first one to receive the ISO 9001 certification in the
shoe industry. At present it sells in more than 400 cities. It serves nearly one million
customers each day. It employs more than 40,000 people. It operates over 4600 retail
stores and manages its presence in 50 countries. Bata has sold more than 15 billion pairs
since its inception in 1894. Tomas Bata was a ninth generation shoe maker. Therefore the
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number “9” appears in all the Bata pricing and not as it believed to be psychological
pricing
The Company went public in 1973 when it changed its name to Bata India Limited.
Today, Bata India has established itself as one of Asia's largest footwear retailer. It has
cornered around 35 per cent market share in the organized sector (and approx. 8.5% of
the total footwear market) Almost 98 percent of the company's revenue is from the
domestic market while the rest is from exports.
Over the years, Bata India has established a leadership position in the footwear industry
and is easily the most trusted name in branded footwear. Its retail network of 1250 stores
in India gives it a coverage that no other footwear company can match. The stores are
present in good locations and can be found in all the metros, mini-metros and towns
Table 2.4 : Net Sales of Bata India ltd for 2007 – 2011 (in crores)
Year 2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Sales 867.76 989.96 1096.22 1258.08 1540.59
Fig 2.3: Increase in Net Sales of Bata India Ltd
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
867.76
2007
989.96
2008
1096.22 1258.08
2009
2010
1540.59
Sales
2011
Source: http://moneycontrol.com/financials/bataindia/profit-loss/BI01
b) Liberty Shoes Ltd: The Company was established on 25th December, 1954. Initially
the company was into manufacture of shoe uppers. Then they forayed into footwear
manufacture for the domestic market in the year 1982. It was established by three
individuals namely Mr. D P Gupta, Mr. P D Gupta and Mr. R K Bansal in a small town in
Punjab. The company was incorporated on the 3rd September, 1986 as a Public Limited
Company and obtained the Certificate of Commencement of Business on 11th March
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1988. The company has been set up to manufacture and sell leather and non leather
shoes, leather shoe uppers and leather garments.
It has also set up a joint venture in Russia to manufacture shoes in 1991 under the name
of M/S Liberty &Go, with M/S Gorky Production & shoes Unit, Gorky. The Company is
marketing its product nationally and internationally under the brand name LIBERTY and
is well established in the national and international market. The company has entered into
an agreement with one of the group firms M/S Liberty Enterprises for using the
established brand name LIBERTY.
Table 2.5 : Net Sales of Liberty Shoes ltd for 2007 – 2011 (in crores)
Year Mar ‘07 Mar ‘08 Mar ‘09 Mar ‘10 Mar ‘11
Sales 222.43 248.79 241.69 260.71 296.90
Fig 2.4: Increase in Net Sales of Liberty Shoes Ltd
Sales
400
200
222.43
248.79
241.69
260.71
296.9
Sales
0
Mar '07 Mar '08 Mar '09 Mar '10 Mar '11
Source:http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/liberty-shoes-ltd/profitandloss/companyid-9036.cms
c) Khadim India Ltd:
Khadim India Limited forayed into the footwear retail sector in 1993 in Kolkata. It has
more than 630 exclusive retail outlets across the country. The company is completely
automated. The company received the ISO 9001:2008 certification from TUV NORD.
Khadim’s was awarded the “Most admired Footwear Retailer from East Asia” in the East
India Retail Summit 2011. It is situated in 21 states around the country. The sale has
increased from Rs 180 crores in 2008 to Rs 320 crores in 2012. About 70% of the
Khadim’s retail outlets are located in Tier II and Tier III cities. Khadim’s main
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concentration is in the East and North Eastern parts of the country. Started in a 300 sq ft
store on Chitpur road in Kolkata as a wholesaler in footwear, only in the year 1993 they
forayed into the retail business. But still 60% of their sales are from the traditional
wholesale business.
2.6 Major Footwear Clusters in India:
The major footwear clusters in India are Chennai, Ranipet, Ambur in Tamil Nadu,
Mumbai in Maharastra, Kanpur in U.P., Jalandhar in Punjab, Agra, Delhi, Karnal,
Ludhiana, Sonepat, Faridabad, Pune, Kolkata, Calicut and Ernakulam. About 1.10
million are engaged in the footwear manufacturing industry.
In Agra, the shoemaking tradition began during the early days of Mughal Empire in the
16th century. By 1885, it had become major centre for production of footwear. The first
mechanised factory was established in Agra in the same year by the British Government
to produce military and civil officers’ boot (Kumar, 1997). In the year 1950, footwear
manufactured from Agra were exported at a smaller extent to the East Asian countries.
From 1955 onwards footwear from Agra were exported to a larger extent to the
communist block. In the year 1963 the communist block imported 13% of the total shoes
that were manufactured in Agra. This trend further continued in 1980s as well. But after
the fall of Soviet Union in the 1990s, the shoe exports also declined to 100 crores leading
to the closure of 60% of the export oriented units. After a decade, export started picking
up. Therefore in the footwear cluster of Agra alone there are about five thousand small
scale business units that employ around sixty thousand workers. On an average from this
cluster alone three lakhs pairs of footwear are produced per day (Knorringar, 1998). The
Agra footwear cluster can be broadly divided into two categories namely the organised
sector, which are mechanised and cater to the needs of the global market and the
unorganized sector that caters to the needs of the domestic market. The units in the
unorganized sector can be further classified as semi-mechanised, smaller workshops and
tiny household units. The semi-mechanised units produce around 200 – 2000 pairs per
day, the smaller workshops produce 50 – 200 pairs per day and the tiny household hold
units produce 12 – 50 pairs per day. In addition this cluster also manufactures footwear
accessories like shoe soles, insoles etc. This cluster does not have the presence of any
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corporate sector or Multinational Organisations. It comprises of mainly family business
units or partnership firms. The footwear units in this cluster concentrate mainly on the
men and women shoes. The footwear exports from Agra are completely leather based. In
the domestic market synthetic leather shoes are sold. Non-leather based slippers or
casuals are also manufactured for the domestic market. Exporters sell their product either
through buying agents directly to the retail chains or wholesalers in Europe (U.K.,
Germany, France, Italy, etc.), Middle East and South Africa. The footwear manufactured
in the workshops or household units are sold in the domestic market through the
wholesaler. The wholesaler sells these shoes under his own brand name which can either
be formal or informal. Some of these workshops sell directly to big retailers. These
workshops also undertake subcontracts for large organisations like Bata, Action Shoes
etc. Many firms in Agra prefer to operate from workshops or remain as household units,
the reason being in Utttar Pradesh as long as the annual turnover of the firms from
footwear sales are less than Rs 1 crore they are exempted from excise duties. Also they
are exempted from paying sales taxes if the maximum retail price of a pair of shoe is less
than Rs 300.
The Kolkata cluster mainly manufactures non-leather, synthetic or leather like Chappals
or Slippers. This cluster caters to the needs of the lowest end of the domestic market. The
cluster no longer produces leather chappals due to stringent norms prevailing in the State
regarding leather tanning industry. Bata Shoes, pioneers in organised footwear, is situated
in Batanagar, near Kolkata. Bata concentrates on industrial and non-leather shoes. Firms
like Khadims and Ajanta shoes also dominate this cluster. Footwear produced in the
Kolkata cluster is sold to local wholesalers and who in turn sells to the retailers in their
state and neighboring states as well. Competition among small producers is primarily
based on prices. Increasing competition from mechanised moulded non-leather footwear
has also affected the price of chappals produced in this cluster.
Chennai is the major hub for leather footwear exports from India. The reason being, close
proximity of towns of Ambur and Ranipet where leather tanning and processing industry
is located. The availability of excellent sea port and airport facilitates export of footwear
with ease. The Institutions like CLE and CLRI provide ample support to this cluster. The
State Government also provides the necessary support through various schemes and
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promotional measures. There are about 50 manufacturers in this cluster with 4 large scale
industries. The export of footwear components dominates this cluster than the footwear
as such. 90% of the leather footwear produced in this cluster is exported. In addition they
undertake outsourcing with many foreign brands. Most of the world’s major footwear
brands namely, Clarks, Versace, NEXT, Hugo Boss, Florsheim, K shoes, Liz Claiborne,
Guess are sourcing from the factories in and around Chennai. It is comprised of mainly
mechanised units. The organizational structures of the large scale industries are either
public or private in nature. The small scale industries are normally proprietary or
partnership firms. A striking feature of this cluster is that it is a modern cluster and does
not follow traditional artisan based production system. The unit price realization is the
highest in this cluster.
More than sixty international brands are sourced from India. Most of these brands are
manufactured in Agra, Kanpur or Chennai clusters. Besides, the Government of India has
also established dedicated footwear complex and footwear component parts proximate to
the footwear clusters. Further there has been healthy collaboration from the European
countries like Italy, Spain and Portugal.
2.7 Brands Sourced from India:
The brands Red Tape and Oakridge that are mainly meant for the high fashion ladies shoe
segment in the European Market are manufactured and marketed by Mirza Tanners. Lady
Comfort, another leading exporter of ladies shoes and sandals, sells its high-end products
in West Asia and Greece under the brand name Verona. M&V Shoes of Noida is the
manufacturer of Lee Cooper shoes. M&B manufactures Reebok and Bata as well. Adidas
sources from the Nellore units in Andhra Pradesh. Liberty shoes manufactures Nike
shoes from it Uttarkhand plant. Liberty shoes are the suppliers of footwear to Wal-Mart
as well. Sierra Industrial Enterprises, Uttar Pradesh in a strategic alliance with Madura
Garments is a footwear licensee for the brands owned by apparel majors, Louis Philippe,
Van Heusen, Allen Solly and Peter England. Sierra is a brand licensee for the Italian
sportswear brand Lotto. The company is also the footwear licensee for Tommy Hilfiger,
Disney, Levis, and Dockers.
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Hindustan Lever had been exporting Le Baron to different countries for many years. The
company has a capacity to manufacture a million full shoes and another million shoe
uppers at its plants at Puducherry and Chennai. It supplies Puppies and Clarks to United
Kingdom, Salamander and Gabor to Germany and Bata shoes to France. Reebok and
Nike shoes are also sourced from Mooja manufacturers from Uttarkhand. Acme shoes
from Madhya Pradesh are manufacturers for China where in the products are sold under
various brand names namely R-Power, Delta Venitex, Haolin, Ann Royal, Wofulin,
Langfeng, OEM, Credit, Richane, RS, Chunjiang Shoes, Allexim, Glorysafety, LF Shoe
and Huate. The other footwear brands that are woruced from India include Ann Taylor,
Bally, Charter Club, Coach, Colehann, Daniel Hector, Deichmann, DKNY, Double H,
Ecco, Elefantan, Etienneaigner, Geoffrey Beene, Guess, Harrods, Hasley, Hush Puppies,
Kenneth Cole, Marks and Spencer, Nautica, Nunn Bush, Pierre Cardin, Rockport, Stacy
Adams, Tony Lama, Y ves St. Laurent, Zara, Johnston and Murphy, Docksteps,
Timberland, Armani, Geox, Diesel, Ted Baker, Lacoste, Kickers, Calvin Klein, Sioux,
Brasher, Zegna, Massimu Dutti, Buggatti, Lloyd, Christian Dier, etc.
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