96 FAITH & ECONOMICS How Much is Enough? Money and the Good Life Robert Skidelsky and Edward Skidelsky. 2012. New York: Other Press Publishing. ISBN 978-1-59051-507-5. $24.95. Reviewed by Kevin J. Brown, Asbury University , 6RPHVD\WKHZRUOGZLOOHQGLQ¿UH Some say in ice. From what I’ve tasted of desire ,KROGZLWKWKRVHZKRIDYRU¿UH ²Robert Frost, Fire and Ice n Fire and Ice5REHUW)URVWOLNHQVWKHSURSHUW\RI¿UHWRKXPDQGHVLUH DQGSUHGLFWVWKLVWREHRQHRIWZRZD\VWKHZRUOGZLOOHQG,QGHHG GHVLUH²RU LWV OHVVWKDQQHXWUDO V\QRQ\PV VXFK DV DYDULFH JUHHG RU OXVW²KDVWKHFDSDFLW\WREHDVLQVLGLRXVDQGGHVWUXFWLYHDV¿UHLQDZRUOG RI VFDUFH JRRGV 7KH KLJKO\ FRUUHODWHG UHODWLRQVKLS EHWZHHQ GHVLUH DQG VFDUFLW\LVRIWHQPRUHFRPSOH[WKDQZHPLJKWWKLQNDQGZHDUHLQYLWHGWR HQJDJHWKLVFRPSOH[LW\LQHow Much Is Enough? 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SDUWQHUVKLSZLWKWKH6NLGHOVN\V²DUHLQYLWHGWRFKDOOHQJHWKHQHRFODVVLFDO QRWLRQRILQVDWLDELOLW\³PRUHLVEHWWHU´ZKHUHKXPDQSXUVXLWVDUHPRUH RU OHVV GULYHQ E\ WKH DWWULEXWHV IRXQG LQ homo economicus ZKLFK LV TXLWH GLIIHUHQW IURP WKH PRUDO DQG HWKLFDO GLPHQVLRQ LPEXHG LQ homo sapiens:KLOHGLIIHUHQWYLHZVDQGRSLQLRQVRQWKHQDWXUHDQGSXUSRVH RIHFRQRPLFPHFKDQLVPVDUHOLNHO\WRDULVH&KULVWLDQVPD\DSSODXGVXFK DQLPSRUWDQWWKRXJKWH[HUFLVHDQGIXUWKHUEXLOGXSRQLW²OHVWZHUHDOL]H )URVW¶VDSRFDO\SWLFXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIGHVLUHVKRXOGLWFRPHWRIUXLWLRQ References Frost, R. )LUH DQG LFH ,Q Robert Frost: The poetry foundation 1S QG5HWULHYHG2FWREHUIURPKWWSZZZSRHWU\IRXQGDWLRQRUJ SRHP Galbraith, J. K. 7KH DIÀXHQW VRFLHW\ %RVWRQ 0$ +RXJKWRQ 0LIÀLQ Keynes, J. M. >@ The economic possibilities of our grandchildren ,Q 9RO ,9 The collected writings of J. M. Keynes. /RQGRQ0DFPLOODQIRUWKH5R\DO(FRQRPLF6RFLHW\ Posner, R. A.$XJXVW:RUNLQJWRThe New York Times 5HWULHYHG 2FWREHU IURP KWWSZZZQ\WLPHVFRP ERRNVUHYLHZ Rawls, J. A theory of justice&DPEULGJH0$%HONQDS+DUYDUG 8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV 5REHUW 6NLGHOVN\ RQ PRQH\ WKH JRRG OLIH DQG KRZ PXFK LV HQRXJK ,QWHUYLHZ E\ 5 5REHUWV Econ Talk /LEUDU\ RI (FRQRPLFV DQG/LEHUW\2FWREHU5HWULHYHG2FWREHUIURPKWWS ZZZHFRQWDONRUJDUFKLYHVUREHUWBVNLGHOVNKWPOQ
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