Page 1 of 35
PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENT
COMMITTEE REPORT
Agenda Item 5.3
6 September 2005
PARKING METER PLAN 2005 - 2010
Division
Assets & Services
Presenter
Haig Poulson, Principal Engineer - Traffic Engineering
Purpose
1.
To seek endorsement of a Parking Meter Pla n 2005 – 2010 (Plan at Attachment 1) that sets out a
strategy for the future management of parking meter assets.
Recommendation
2.
That the Planning and Environment Committee adopt the ‘Parking Meter Plan 2005-2010’ and note
that annual funding allocations will be subject to normal budget considerations.
Key Issues
The need to reduce the number of different types of machines
3.
The Plan recommends that Council upgrade its existing parking meter stock to allow for credit card
payment and remote access to data. None of the machines currently have this capability and not all
are capable of being retrofitted with the necessary technology. A lesser number of parking meter
types makes it easier for motorists to use parking meters. Maintenance staff also benefit because
they are only required to understand the operations of a smaller range of machines. The Plan sets
out design parameters to guide future parking meter purchases.
The need to plan to take advantage of new technology
4.
Technology now exists to allow for real time reporting of non-functioning parking meters;
establishment of a real time audit trail and for payment to be made by credit card. All of these
advances would improve motorist compliance levels. By not adopting these technological
advances, Melbourne will fall behind other cities in use of modern parking meter technology.
The need to improve compliance (appropriate payment made)
5.
Surveys conducted by the Engineering Services Group indicate that compliance with ticket
machines is at 94%. For multi-bay meters this drops to 84%– ie approximately one in five people
using a multi-bay meter are not paying or not paying correctly. The introduction of new machines
that take advantage of the latest information on ways to communicate effectively with motorists
will improve compliance. The Plan also recommends that a survey be undertaken to obtain
motorist views on current parking meters and operations. This survey will also be used to gain
motorist views on how to make using parking meters easier.
The need to widen coverage
6.
The intention is to widen the coverage of metered spaces where a higher level of enforcement is
required to ensure appropriate turnover levels are achieved. The ever-rising demand for on-street
parking spaces requires the introduction of contemporary management techniques (such as parking
meters) to ensure reasonable compliance occurs.
2
Page 2 of 35
Finance
7.
This Plan contains no specific financial undertakings although the report notes that in the current
financial year the budget for new parking meters was $500,000. Revenue from parking meters is
expected to be $26.7M in the 05/06 financial year. An asset renewal plan will be developed in
preparation for the 06/07 budget deliberations.
Legal
8.
Section 207 of the Local Government Act 1989 (‘Act’) provides that, subject to the Road Safety Act
1986, the powers of Council include the specific traffic management powers set out in Schedule 11
of the Act.
Sustainability
9.
The installation of technology, such as wireless to connect parking meters to a remote modem
would modernise the system and improve the communications technology used for managing onstreet parking.
Background
10.
Parking meters are a major asset group. The City of Melbourne manages 30,000 on-street car
parking spaces within the municipality with 12,000 of these spaces being fee parking spaces
managed by 4,000 parking meters.
11.
There are currently 19 types of parking meters manufactured by eight different companies in
operation within the municipality. Some of these are single bay or dual bay meters whilst others
are multi-bay or ticket machines.
12.
In Melbourne, all on-street parking within the CBD is metered parking except for pick-up/set down
areas, disabled bays, taxi ranks, bus stops and loading zones. Parking meters are used in the CBD
and the peripheral areas adjacent to the CBD (ie. where parking is at a premium) to facilitate short
term parking. They have also been introduced in areas where long term commuters previously
parked free of charge.
13.
The City of Melbourne has also introduced parking meters in selected high demand residential
streets (where permits apply). Streets that have had meters installed are McArthur Place, Coventry
Street, The Avenue, streets abutting Powlett Reserve, Gordon Street, Bowen Crescent and Bromby
Street. Parking meters will shortly be installed in Wells Street and Dodds Street.
Attachment:
1. Parking Meter Plan 2005-2010
2
Page 3 of 35
Attachment 1
Agenda Item 5.3
Planning and Environment Committee
6 September 2005
CITY OF MELBOURNE
PARKING METER PLAN
2005-2010
DRAFT
Page 4 of 35
INTRODUCTION
1. The Parking Meter Plan provides strategic direction in parking meter asset
management and operations over the next five years. The Plan documents
the current practices used by Council and sets out management strategies
and implementation guidelines to manage fee parking into the future.
2. The Plan identifies best practice in parking meter management and
addresses the following issues:
o
o
o
o
o
o
rationalisation of the type and numbers of parking meters;
a path to the upgrading of parking meter assets;
the introduction of new technologies;
measures to improve compliance;
safety issues;
the geographical placement of meters.
3. Issues concerning fee parking itself such as the level of fees and charges, the
relative expense between on and off street parking and the hours to which
fee parking should apply are not addressed in this Plan. The operation of the
Parking Guidance System is also not addressed. These issues will be the
subject of a separate body of work.
Parking Meter Plan – 2005 – 2010
Page 5 of 35
VISION & OBJECTIVES
Vision
4. To manage the on-street parking stock using state of the art technology to
ensure that meters are user friendly, provide flexible payment options and
help to ensure optimum turnover.
Objectives
5. To provide a basis for decision- making in the areas of procurement,
inventory, asset management (including replacement) and location.
6. Support a high level of compliance by;
o
o
o
ensuring a turnover of parking in areas where the availability of short to
medium term parking is important;
contributing to the operation of an efficient and functioning car parking
management system;
contributing to the operation of a safe traffic management system.
Parking Meter Plan – 2005 – 2010
Page 6 of 35
BACKGROUND
7. The City of Melbourne manages 30,000 on-street car parking spaces within
the municipality with 12,000 of these spaces being fee parking spaces
managed by 4,000 parking devices.
8. Metered spaces generally operate from 7.30am to 6.30pm Monday to
Friday, Saturdays from 7.30am to 12.30pm with no restrictions applying on
Sundays or public holidays.
Table One - Summary of Parking Bays and Control Devices
No. of
Parking
Meters
Area
Number of Bays
(approximately)
Within CBD
1,579
3,000
Outside CBD
2,369
9,000
Total
3,948
12,000
9. There are currently 19 different types of parking meter devices in use within
the City of Melbourne and 8 different brands of machine.
Revenue
10. In the 2004/05 financial year, the City of Melbourne received approximately
$20.1 million in income from parking fees.
11. The 3,948 parking meters have an estimated current asset value of $4.9M.
(See Appendix B). Many of the older meter types have depreciated
significantly. The asset depreciation schedule can be misleading because it
groups all machines by brand regardless of age – ie. there are some machine
brands where more than one model has been purchased across a spread of
years.
Parking Meter Plan – 2005 – 2010
Page 7 of 35
Expenditure
Table Two – Financial Expenditure on parking meters
Year
2000/01*
2001/02
2002/03
2003/04
2004/05
* This money was redirected from investment funds
Expenditure ($)
1,776,000
450,000
200,000
200,000
$500,000
12. There are two service provider contracts associated with parking meters.
These are the ‘Maintenance of Parking Devices Contract’ recently let at a
year one cost of $1,067,399 and the ‘Coin Collection & Banking Contract’
recently let at a year one cost of $760,000.
The City of Melbourne – Strategic Framework
13. City Plan 2010 is largely silent on parking meter management however it
emphasises the need to deliver quality services that are responsive to
business and community expectations, demonstrably cost-effective and
subject to public accountability.
14. The City of Melbourne’s Transport Plan 2003 – 2006 states that “the City of
Melbourne has a commitment to providing flexible and responsive parking
that balances the needs of commuters and short-stay parkers. This requires
reliable information on parking availability; continued regulation of the
supply of commuter parking; development of more short-stay off- street
facilities close to relevant areas; and reviews of parking precincts and
resident parking needs/schemes”. (p15)
15. The “Carlton Parking Strategy – Consultation Feedback and
Recommendations”, 29 April 2004, set out a policy for the implementation
of parking meters in residential areas which stated that Council would adopt
a policy of installing parking meters for non permit holders in high use and
residential areas where:
o
o
On-street parking occupancy is greater than 90% and is approaching 100%
capacity across significant periods of the day or week; and / or;
There is evidence that non-resident vehicles are frequently overstaying the
permitted time limits.
16. The recommendations and pathways put forward in this Strategy are
consistent with this strategic framework.
Parking Meter Plan – 2005 – 2010
Page 8 of 35
BEST PRACTICE TRENDS IN PARKING METER SYSTEMS
17. Internationally, best practice parking meter systems and management
comprises the following components:
o
meters that accept a variety of different payment systems. These include
phone payment, ‘smart card’ payment, credit card payment as well as
coins. The international trend is towards use of ‘smart cards’ that are
linked to one particular provider who manages their provision and
distribution. This is a digitally encoded card which is loaded with
monetary value for payment for parking. Systems using smart card
technology usually also allow for coin operation but it is uncommon for
smart cards to operate in conjunction with credit cards – many cities (eg.
San Diego, Seattle, London) are choosing to use one or the other. Smart
cards also commonly operate in conjunction with the purchasing of other
goods;
o
operation of a remote parking meter management system. These
systems allow remote access through two-way communication with a
base station that can track and audit machine operation. The information
made available includes parking usage data, maintenance management,
credit card verification data and performance assessment.
o
operation of equipment that informs regulators when vehicles are parked
at expired meters. This includes bay sensing information that informs
the centrally operated system when a vehicle is at an expired meter and
use of CCTV;
o
parking meters that are made from stainless steel and virtually vandal
proof because they are resistant to oxy-acetylene and drilling. The outer
shells are formulated to resist chipping, scratching and fading;
o
parking meters that allow for the unlocking of coin boxes through use of
electronic meters. This system is gradually replacing hand-held
mechanical keys. Electronic, hand held devices can also be programmed
to only unlock certain meters on certain days providing added security.
18. Newer technology includes devices that can be displayed in vehicle
windows that can be used to select a parking zone, length of stay and
payment amount. Payment is made by linking the device to smart card or
credit card technology. On returning to a vehicle, the device is switched off.
Similar technology is being used with cellular phone access to parking meter
payment.
19. International cities that are moving towards current best practice in parking
meters include San Francisco who in 2004 replaced 23,000 parking meters
with meters allowing for multiple payment options, remote computer data
and electronic coinbox operation; 17 credit card parking meters have been
introduced in Westminster with the rest of London to be fitted with this
technology over the next 18 months. The system will be linked to a remote
computer system.
Parking Meter Plan – 2005 – 2010
Page 9 of 35
20. In Australia, the City of Fremantle will introduce a ‘cashless’ parking meter
management system in December 2005. Users register for the service by
providing their mobile number, vehicle details and pre-paying a credit
(about $20) and are then issued with a bar-coded windscreen sticker for their
vehicle. Accounts be can set up and re-charged over the phone, on the
Internet or at authorised newsagencies and service stations – people can use
their credit cards or buy pre-paid vouchers at these authorised agents. The
City of Sydney will shortly install Solar-powered parking meters capable of
accepting credit cards and payment via mobile phone. This system is
already in use in North Sydney. The technology will also allow motorists to
receive an SMS message on their mobile phone warning them their parking
has almost expired.
Parking Meter Plan – 2005 – 2010
Page 10 of 35
THE WAY FORWARD
21. A number of issues impact on the ability of the City of Melbourne to meet
the vision and objectives of this Plan. These are discussed below.
Inventory management – the need to rationalise the number of machines and the
number of brands
22. There are currently 19 types of parking meters manufactured by eight
different companies in operation within the municipality. The number of
machines needs to be reduced. The benefits of rationalising the number of
parking meters are:
o
Ease of use varies between different machines . Each machine has
different instructions and different configurations. Some of the older
machines lack the open front and ease of use associated with later issue
machines;
o
Maintenance requirements. A limited stock of machines makes it
easier for parts to be kept and for repair staff who only need to
understand the workings of a limited number of machines;
o
Ease of cash handling. Staff involved in collecting money from
machines can be trained in the use of less machines and it is easier and
cost effective to institute collection improvements if there is consistency
in machine response.
23. One option is to base future purchasing upon an Expression of Interest
process whereby a limited number of companies who can supply the
required product will be identified and new machines purchased from within
this number.
24. The trend within parking meter use has been to move away from single or
dual head devices (except in centre of road applications) towards multi-bay
and ticket machines. This is mainly because they take up less space in the
public domain and less machines performing the same function makes cash
collection more streamlined. It is also likely to reduce maintenance costs
because there are fewer machines.
25. The number of machines in use will continue to decrease as rows of older,
single bay meters are replaced. Single head meters should be gradually
phased out of the municipality. Dual head meters in centre of road
applications can also expect to eventually be updated and rationalised
further reducing the numb er of different machines. Although older
single/dual head meters are mechanically sound, some of the casings are
rusting affecting the appearance of the meters.
Ticket Machines versus Multi-Bay Meters
26. Over the past ten years, the City of Melbourne has continued to buy both
multi-bay meters and ticket machines. Generally, ticket machines are
purchased to operate in situations where there is a long unbroken line of
parking bays whilst multi-bay meters are used where there are a grouping of
between two and eight spaces located near the meeting. Motorist
satisfaction surveys suggest that some people, especially the elderly, can be
confused by multi-bay meters. This relates to two aspects – the functioning
of the buttons where motorists must continue to push the same button until
Parking Meter Plan – 2005 – 2010
Page 11 of 35
the relevant parking bay information is displayed and the use of road
markings that indicate in which parking bay a motorist is located. This
confusion has led to some motorists not paying at multi-bay meters.
Sometimes, line marking on parking bays has been placed incorrectly which
adds to the confusion. The City of Melbourne must continue to be vigilant
in checking service provider work in this area.
27. Ticket machines are better known to the public and have a simple operation.
The newer ticket machines are streamlined and more aesthetically pleasing
than the conventional ‘bulkhead’ machines currently in use in parts of the
municipality. Because ticket machines have the capacity to serve longer
rows of vehicles, less of them are required in any given street. The
downside of their use is that if one is out of use, ma ny more parking spaces
could be affected (ie. if there is not another ticket machine nearby) than the
two to eight located near a multi-bay meter.
28. Motorists using ticket machines must leave their car to pay and then make a
second trip back to the car to place a ticket on the dashboard. In this respect,
multi-bays are easier to use because only one trip is required. Ticket
machines also generate a ticket that can be littered. This ticket is currently
made of polypropylene (plastic). This material is not readily degradable and
tickets have been found in City of Melbourne waterways.
29. Even though purchasing a ticket can be easier with multi-bay meters
because there is less distance to travel from the meter to the car, according
to enforcement staff there is not a marked difference operating with either
type of machine. A ticket machine provides a motorist with a ‘receipt’ to
prove when they paid for a ticket. This can provide evidence when the
length of parked time is queried by enforcement staff or when company
reimbursement is required.
30. In conclusion, both ticket machines and multi-bay meters should be
purchased as part of the current asset stock. Whilst there are positives and
negatives about both machine types, they each fulfil a different function on
the street. The potential for litter with ticket machines receipts must be
resolved whilst the higher downtime for multi-bay meters should also be
addressed.
Recommendation One- that the number and type of parking meters be
consolidated with future parking meter purchases confined to a choice
between a reduced number of ticket machine and multi-bay meters. This
should be resolved through an expression of interest process.
Parking Meter Plan – 2005 – 2010
Page 12 of 35
Design Parameters for the Future Purchase of Parking Meters
31. The following design parameters have been established to guide future
parking meter machine purchases:
o
Delineate choice of machine according to the number of parking spots
using the following formula:
§
§
§
purchase guidance (1). Purchase ticket machines instead of multibay meters where there is a continual run of more than eight parking
bays with the same tariffs/ conditions (ie. ‘continuous run’ means
where the parking bays are not for example, broken by a roadway,
loading zone or taxi rank). ;
purchase guidance (2). Purchase multi-bay meters instead of ticket
machines where there is a continuous run of between three and eight
parking bays with the same tariffs/ conditions. This applies unless
there are already adjoining ticket machines in the same block and
same side of the street. In this case, ticket machines should continue
to be used even if the metered spaces are less than eight in number
but greater than two;
purchase guidance (3). Purchase single or dual head meters where
the parking bay is a single or double space only (ie. is broken by a
roadway or different tariff/ conditions) or the bays are located at
centre of road and safety dictates that multi-bay meters and ticket
machines are not suitable.
o
Grouping. Group machine types in like geographical areas wherever
possible. This assists maintenance and coin collection as well as
providing consistency for motorists. For example, under this scenario,
collection staff can send a van out with six of one type of coin box
knowing they will all be reasonably full rather than potentially having to
separately visit one different machine in the immediate locality later
because of its operation is less full. Motorists are assisted because if
they park regularly in the same area they can safely get used to the same
or a similar operation;
o
Complement streetscape aesthetics. Machines should be streamlined in
shape so as to take up less room and wherever possible offer coverage
across several bays. They should be grey in colour. This provides for a
less obtrusive presence and machines are more likely to blend into the
streetscape;
o
Promote ease of use for motorists. This includes the provision of clear
instructions for use and the backlighting of meters so as information can
be easily accessed during the early evening hours. There is some
evidence to suggest that motorists find ticket machines easier to use than
multi-bay meters. This must be balanced against other design criteria.
Customer confusion regarding multi-bay meters highlights the need for
clear, precise instructions on the machines. Improved customer service
through technological advancement is addressed elsewhere;
Parking Meter Plan – 2005 – 2010
Page 13 of 35
o
Purchase similar machine types. Following initial machine type
rationalisation, there should be no more than two different brands of
ticket machines and two different types of multi-bay meters on the street.
o
Utilise remote technology capability. All new machines to have the
capacity to be immediately linked to a remote computer network that
provides audit information and informs the network whether or not the
parking space is occupied (ie. bay sensing technology);
o
Utilise credit card capability. All machines to have the capacity to
receive credit card payment as well as all coins of 10 cent denomination
and above.
32. These parameters are based on the assumption that there is room on the
footpath for both ticket machines and multi-bay meters in all situations. In
the past, some ticket machines have been too large to fit on narrower
footpaths. With new streamlined ticket machines now available, this should
no longer be an issue.
Recommendation Two – that the design parameters outlined above be used to
guide future parking meter purchases.
Parking Meter Plan – 2005 – 2010
Page 14 of 35
The Need to Utilise New Technology - Payment Method
33. The use of coins is currently the sole method of payment used by the City of
Melbourne for on-street fee parking despite the growing use of cards within
society. A broader payment technology is in fairly common usage - for
example, off-street parking pay stations and public transport ticket machines
combine the use of coin, note and credit card payments. Twelve parking
meters that are capable of accepting credit card, mobile phones and coin
payment were recently installed in the Docklands precinct. Other
municipalities in Australia (eg. City of Sydney, City of Fremantle) have
installed parking devices offering similar payment options.
34. Enabling credit card usage in parking meters requires the following steps to
be undertaken:
o
o
o
o
obtain merchant agreement with the relevant banks;
arrange for reconciliation of the transactions with banks so as money is
made available to the City of Melbourne;
have the parking meters installed with relevant technology including
card readers;
arrange for reconciliation of the transactions with banks so as money is
made available to City of Melbourne.
35. Use of mobile phones involves making payments which could be added onto
a standard mobile phone bill or alternatively deducted from a prepaid
amount when calling a particular number shown at the parking meter. This
system also has the ability to send a short message signal to a mobile phone
warning if the designated time at a parking meter is about to expire.
36. Over the next five years, the City of Melbourne should aim to install credit
card payment capacity on all machines in the CBD that have credit card
capability (this includes most current machines except the single and dual
head parking meters). The City should reassess the possible use of mobile
phone technology and smart card technology for parking meters at a later
time.
Recommendation Three- That all parking meters purchased in the future have state of the
art payment technologies. This shall include the capability for flexible payment options
such as credit card payment.
Recommendation Four – that advances in mobile phone technology and smart card
payment for parking meters are monitored over the next two years and its applicability for
City of Melbourne parking meters is re-assessed at that time.
Parking Meter Plan – 2005 – 2010
Page 15 of 35
The Need to Utilise New Technology - Communications
37. Computer based communication systems are currently available for
installation into parking meters. This system operates through payment of a
licensing fee allowing access to parking information through password
protected Internet access or a password protected window based platform.
An intelligent communication system involves the use of wireless
technology whereby machines are linked by radio frequency to a base
computer. This system is largely enabled by a series of modems.
38. This system offers a number of important benefits including:
o
the presence of real time notification alarms to a central control room
informing of maintenance requirements, machines not working and
machines vandalism and break- ins;
o
an interface that allows for on-line credit card authorisations;
o
notation of every payment whether by coin, note or card including date,
time, payment method and amount;
o
the flexibility to remotely vary car parking fee rates – eg. if special rates
applied during an event these could be applied with the machine
reverting back to regular rates afterwards;
o
the ability for pin numbers or vehicle registration numbers to be
displayed on tickets or pin numbers inserted into machines. (ie. this type
of technology could be useful in resident areas where exemptions may
be required for local residents).
39. The introduction of this technology would eliminate the need for routine
maintenance checks and assist with further reductions in machine downtime.
It would also allow for more complete auditing checks of moneys collected
from the machines. This technology offers significant efficiencies and cost
savings to the City of Melbourne and should be utilised as soon as possible.
40. The technology to include an audit capability whereby parking officers can
remotely discern if a car is parked illegally is also available. The
applicability of this technology for the City of Melbourne’s parking system
should be reviewed.
41. Another communication device requiring further investigation is the use of
electronic handheld devices that open parking meters. These are used as an
alternative to the mechanical use of keys. The devices offer improved
security because they remove the possibility of keys being lost and allow
access to parking meter coin boxes to be limited to particular pick up times.
Recommendation Five – That all newly purchased parking meters parking meters
incorporate remote based technology and that all existing parking meters in the CBD be
upgraded to accept remote based technology.
Recommendation Six – That the applicability of bay sensing technology be reviewed for
inclusion as part of remote communications technology.
Parking Meter Plan – 2005 – 2010
Page 16 of 35
The Need for Strategic Asset Replacement
42. The current approach to replacing ma chines involves assuming that each has
a life cycle of about ten years and then replacing as many of the oldest
machines as funds will allow. A more strategic response is required that
will make an individual assessment for each machine type - especially if the
advantages of new technology are to be realised.
43. A life cycle analysis has been undertaken of each type of machine which
indicates that most devices have a useful life of about seven years. This
does not mean they cannot still be used after this time however it is likely
that with advances in technology and machine presentation and design, they
will have become obsolete.
44. The life cycle approach to parking devices has taken account of the
following factors:
o
Manufacturing obsolescence. Some machines that have reached or are
nearing the end of their useful life in terms of functionality (ie. size,
shape of machine and user friendliness) or because they are no longer
produced;
o
Serviceability / maintenance costs. Some machines have higher
maintena nce costs than others;
o
Ability to be linked to technology upgrades. Some devices are not able
to be connected to communications or multiple payment option
technology;
o
Financial depreciation. This involves an assessment of the total annual
revenue collected by the machine relative to the depreciation and
maintenance costs.
45. The results of the life cycle analysis on the next page.
Recommendation Seven – That the outcomes of the life cycle analysis of parking meters
be used as a guide to future inventory replacement.
Parking Meter Plan – 2005 – 2010
Page 17 of 35
Table Three - A life cycle assessment of fee parking devices (courtesy GTA)
Criteria
Machine
Type
Obsolesce
nce
Service/
Maintenance
Modular
Construction
Partly – not
capable for
mobile phones,
notes and
communications.
POM APM
Still
Produced
$110 - $140 over 10
year life
Reino Multi
Bay
Still
Produced
$700 - $1200 over 10
year life
Duncan Meter
Duncan
Eagle Meters
Still
Produced,
Duncan
EMM not
produced
$90 - $140 over 10
year life
Yes
Generally No –
with exception
that Duncan
Eagle can cater
for credit card.
Calc
Life
Overall
Comment
6.9
6
years
Reached end
of life cycle –
particularly
with only part
modular
construction.
5 (av)
4
years
Reached end
of LC –
requires
upgrading
7
years
Hold –
eventually
replace with
Duncan Eagle
2100 which is
capable of
technology
use.
Age
(yrs)
4 (av)
Focus Multi
Bay
Older version
not produced,
newer
version
available
$600 – $1000 over 10
year life
Partly – not
capable for
mobile phones
and notes.
3
4
years
Reached end
of life cycle –
particularly
with only part
modular
construction
and
maintenance
record.
Telkor Multi
Bay
Not produced
$600 – $1000 over 10
year life
No
8
4
years
Reached end
of life cycle
Replace.
Focus Ticket
Machines
Older version
not produced,
newer
version
available
$900 – $1600 over 10
year life
Partly – not
capable for
mobile phones
and notes.
4
4
years
Reached end
of LC particularly
with only part
modular
construction replace.
Cale Ticket
Machines
Older version
not produced,
newer
version
available
$750 – $950 over 10
year life
Yes
8
6
years
Reached end
of LC replace.
PSA Ticket
Machine
Older version
not produced,
newer
version
available
$800 – $1200 over 10
year life
Partly – not
capable for
mobile phones.
3
4
years
Reached end
of LC particularly
with only part
modular
construction –
upgrade when
practical.
CHS Global
Still
Produced
$800 – $1100 – over
10 year life
Yes
2
6
years
Keep
Parking Meter Plan – 2005 – 2010
Page 18 of 35
The Need for Improved Compliance
46. Effective operation of fee parking depends upon a high level of compliance.
There is a strong causal relationship between compliance and an effective,
user friendly system of parking meters.
47. Surveys conducted by the Engineering Services Group indicate that
compliance with ticket machines is at 94% but that this drops to 84% for
multi-bay meters – ie. one in five people using a multi-bay meter are not
paying or not paying correctly. According to the Parking & Traffic Branch
at City of Melbourne, most motorist confusion about parking meters relates
to multi-bay meters.
48. The lower compliance rates for multi-bay machines can be partly attributed
to the fact that some people find use of the machines confusing. The
confusion around the use of multi-bay meters arises from people being
unsure which bay corresponds to their vehicle. This can be due to not
reading the arrow direction correctly (ie. as written on the pavement). This
circumstance also arises when a multi-bay meter is placed between two lots
of bays. This can leave the motorist unsure as to which meter applies to
which group of parking bays.
49. Compliance will be improved through the introduction of new machines that
take advantage of the latest information on ways to communicate effectively
with motorists. Other steps are also required to assist motorists using multibay meters to better understand which bay relates to which meter. One
option is to mark each bay in a given block with consecutive numbers – ie.
instead of stopping after the ‘6’ bay and resuming numbering, continue with
‘7’ through to say ‘30’ or longer. This would avoid a situatio n developing
where a multi-bay meter is located between two identical sets of numbers.
However, double numbers are likely to be harder for motorists to remember.
At the very least, a marker should be placed on kerb that links each parking
bay number to the number of the multi-bay meter. This arrangement works
well in Queensland.
Recommendation Eight – that signage be placed on the kerb linking each marked parking
bay space to the correct multi-bay machine number.
Recommendation Nine – That a survey be undertaken to obtain motorist views on current
parking meters and operations. The survey shall include motorists parking in CBD and
non-CBD locations.
Parking Meter Plan – 2005 – 2010
Page 19 of 35
The Installation of Parking Devices in Other Locations
50. Parking meters have been installed in targeted residential streets because
they exhibited high parking demand and existing resident parking
restrictions were not providing enough protection for residents and visitors
to the immediate locality. As a matter of policy, the City of Melbourne no
longer installs permit zones in residential areas. This is because residents
only parking or permit zone parking is considered too restrictive and
excludes non-permit holders from using the same resource.
51. With the change of policy, the installation of parking meters is the only
concrete way of dealing with parking demand problems in residential areas.
Surveys undertaken in areas where parking devices have been installed have
indicated reduced occupancy rates by non-permit holders of approximately
20%. This has improved resident accessibility to heavily occupied parking
spaces. It is likely that other residential areas will be similarly treated in the
future as the need arises.
52. Over the next five year period, there is likely to be further expansion of
parking meters into residential areas as the need arises.
53. In the longer term, the City of Melbourne should develop an index that lists
a set of pre-determined criteria that would need to exist in any given area for
parking meters to be installed. These trigger points would assist the City of
Melbourne to determine when parking meters are likely to be required. The
index would include factors such as population size and projected increases,
extent of commercial/ retail activity, degree of resident/ commercial activity,
the presence or otherwise of major people attractors and social needs such as
the presence of hospitals and child care centres.
Recommendation Ten – That an index be developed that will, through a series of
indicators, allow the City of Melbourne to determine if a case exists for the installation of
parking meters in any given area .
Recommendation Eleven – That the City of Melbourne continue to install new parking
meters in residential and commercial areas as the need arises.
Parking Meter Plan – 2005 – 2010
Page 20 of 35
Centre of Road Parking
54. There are a number of places in the CBD and the wider municipality where
centre of road parking exists. These areas are usually served by single or
double-headed metres located next to vehicles. This is because it is assumed
that pay stations need to be located close to the parking space for safety
reasons and that it is unreasonable to expect people to have to cross the road
or walk along the middle of a road to access a meter.
55. These constraints effectively eliminate the opportunities to utilise multi-bay
fee machines or ticket machines at centre of road. This is inefficient
because the meters are mounted on concrete pedestals that can impede
motorists when parking. It also limits asset replacement possibilities. For
example, the POM/APM meters currently used at centre of road cannot be
fitted with remote communication software. .
56. One option is to trial the installation of kerbside ticket machines at some
centre of road applications outside the CBD where there are less cars
travelling past. The difficulty with this approach is that motorists are still
required to cross the road up to four times (ie. they have to return to their
vehicle to put a ticket on the dashboard). Everytime a person crosses the
road they are putting themselves at risk. Disabled people and people with
prams are particularly disadvantaged from a safety point of view. The same
problems arise with replacing single/dual head meters with ticket machines
located in the centre of the road – generally, there is no safety buffer for
motorists forced to walk at the back or front of cars to obtain a ticket.
57. Despite these potential safety problems, the broader use of parking meters at
centre of road locations should be reviewed and possibly alternatives trialled
in some locations. In the longer term ‘virtual parking’ may provide an
opportunity for centre of the road fee parking.
Recommendation Twelve – That the use of single/double head meters at centre of road
locations instead of kerbside ticket machines and centre of road ticket machines be
reviewed and new options explored.
Parking Meter Plan – 2005 – 2010
Page 21 of 35
IMPLEMENTATION
58. An Implementation Plan will be developed to guide expenditure over the
next five years. The Plan will take account of the results of the survey
outlined in Recommendation Nine. All purchases over the next five years
will be made in accordance with the design parameters specified in this
Plan. This first five year plan will involve replacement of ticket machines
and multi-bay meters only (ie. Duncan and POM machines will remain in
place for the next five years). The five- year plan must take account of
installation costs and removal costs.
59. The implementation schedule is consistent with the asset replacement
schedule outlined in paragraph 45. It will aim to achieve the following
outcomes:
Short Term – 1 to 2 Years
o
o
purchase new parking meters to replace the following:
§
all Telkor multi-bay meters in the CBD ( 116 in total);
§
the one Cale ticket machine in the CBD;
§
all older Focus multi-bays meters in the CBD ( 7 in total);
install new parking meters in selected residential and strip shopping
areas as required.
Longer Term – 3 to 5 Years
o
replace some of the older Reino machines parts to bring them up to the
most modern standard;
o
link the whole of the CBD to a remote computer system that is likely to
be web-based and that can track and audit parking information;
o
install credit card functionality in all multi-bay meters and ticket
machines in the CBD;
o
establish a system and process that allows for credit card payments to be
made from all multi-bay meters and ticket machines in the CBD;
o
develop an Expression of Interest process, that identifies a set number of
companies who can supply a required product and only purchase new
machines from within this number;
o
install new parking meters in selected residential and strip shopping
areas.
60. The Duncan Eagle and APM/ POM meters will be retained at centre of the
road areas until the safety and efficiency of alternatives can be measured.
Parking Meter Plan – 2005 – 2010
Page 22 of 35
A subsequent five year plan
61. A subsequent five-year plan will aim to achieve the following outcomes:
o
Replacing older Reino multi-bay and ticket machines outside the CBD;
o
Retro-fitting newer Reino multi-bay and ticket machines outside the
CBD with credit card capability and link these to a remote computer
system.
o
Linking parking meters outside of the CBD to remote computer systems
and credit card capability;
o
replacing Duncan Eagle machines outside of the CBD and not at centre
of road with multi-bay meters or ticket machines where more than three
single- head machines are placed together at any one time;
o
commencing a new asset renewal process in the CBD.
o
removing Telkor, Cale and Focus machines located outside the CBD –
88 Telkor, 55 Cale and 160 Focus.
Parking Meter Plan – 2005 – 2010
Page 23 of 35
APPENDIX A –Parking Meters & Their Attributes
1. There are three basic types of meters. These are:
o
single/dual head meters. These are the more traditional ‘coin in the side
slot’ machines. They are used mostly outside the CBD and, in the
perceived absence of alternatives, at centre of road within the CBD.
o
Although there are many more single head meters than ticket machines
and multi-bay meters, they operate a lot more parking bays;
ticket machines. These are located at regular intervals on the footpath
and issue a thin plastic ticket to a paying customer that is required to be
placed on a vehicle dashboard;
multi-bay meters. These are also located at regular intervals on the
footpath and operate up to eight spaces. They do not issue a ticket but
instead register a digital response indicating the time remaining in each
parking spot when a button is pushed.
o
o
2. All of these meters require the customer to insert coins either singly or in
multiples, ‘clocking up time’. All meters display the time remaining for the
customer on the meter. Ticket machines issue a ticket to the customer,
displaying the time when the use of the space will expire.
o
Reino Multi-bay, Reino M1 and Reino RSV2 are all multi-bay meters
utilising the same formed stainless steel casing, and offering essentially
the same functionality to the motorist, with the RSV2 model being the
latest version: RSV2 (also known as the Reino Launchpad) has the
capability to service up to ten parking bays in the form purchased by
Council, whilst the Reino M1 and Reino Multi- Bay meters can service
up to eight bays.
o
Focus Multi-bay.. The functionality of this meter is identical to that of
the Reino meters. Like the Reino meters, this meter accepts all
denomination of coins (except the five cent coin). These meters have
real time clocks, auditable coin boxes, and are powered by a long life
battery. The earlier version of this meter has a painted steel casing with
the latest version having a stainless steel casing. Probably the most
motorist- friendly of the multi-bay meters, as they include a decal with a
schematic drawing of the bay location and numbers relative to the
meter location.
o
Telkor Multi-bay. The first type of multi-bay meter purchased by
Council. Recent purchases of new multi-bay meters and new ticket
machines have been used to replace the ageing stock of Telkor meters.
This meter can be powered by a long- life battery, but also by a
transformed power supply, generally an un- metered supply from the
overhead, on-street power supplies. Accepts all coin denominations
except the five cent coin. Telkor meters are fitted with a real- time clock,
and have an auditable coin box. Changing tariffs and fee structures is
more difficult on this type of meter than the more modern multi-bay
Parking Meter Plan – 2005 – 2010
Page 24 of 35
meters, as electronic components need to be updated by the current
supplier.
o
POM is an electronic double bay meter. Council owns 472 POM
meters, and they are typically located in the Carlton area. POM meters
accept the 10 cent, 20 cent, one dollar and two dollar coins. This type of
meter does not have a real-time clock, nor does it have a smart, auditable
coin box.
o
Duncan Eagle. These single or double meters are located throughout
the municipality. They accept a limited coin mix, only 20 cent, one
dollar and two dollar coins. This type of meter does not have a real-time
clock, nor does it have a smart, auditable coin box.
o
Duncan EMM. An electronic single bay meter, this meter is often
used in centre of the road applications, but can be combined on a doublehead pedestal or a quadruple-head pedestal to suit multiple-bay
applications. These meters accept all coins except the five cent coin.
This type of meter does not have a real-time clock, nor does it have a
smart, auditable coin box.
o
Focus. These ticket machines accept all coins except the five cent coin.
Is fitted with a real- time clock and auditable coin box, and can be
powered by a solar-boosted long life battery, or by a reduced mainspower supply, although there are several meters connected directly to the
240 volt supply.
o
Cale. These ticket machines accept all coin deno minations except five
cent coins, are fitted with a real-time clock, and are powered by a solarboosted, long life battery. The original supplier modified the meters
owned by Council to enable coin box audit software to be used.
o
PSA. These ticket machines accept all coins except the five cent coin.
They have a real-time clock and an auditable coin box, and are powered
by a solar-boosted, long- life battery.
o
Reino MX –This meter accepts all coins except the five cent coin, has a
real-time clock and an auditable coin box. It is powered by a solarboosted, long- life battery. This meter comes with a stainless steel casing
with an integrated solar panel.
Parking Meter Plan – 2005 – 2010
Page 25 of 35
APPENDIX B – Asset Management Background
Maintenance
1. The 2004 annual report for the ‘Maintenance of Parking Control Devices
Contract’ noted that the downtime for meters over the proceeding year
depended upon type. The Reino meters with 5.8 downtime hours for the
mains connected meters and 5.2 downtime hours for the battery powered
meters were the worst performing devices although it was noted that most
Reino devices were in high- use areas. The best performing meters by
device were the Duncan Eagle for single bay meters, the Telkor for multibay meters and the Cale 102 for ticket machines – despite the fact that many
of these machines are among the oldest in use. The higher maintenance
rates for newer machines is a concern and requires investigation. With
future installations, the City of Melbourne should expect and require new
machines to perform better.
2. On average, it costs $633 per annum to maintain CBD ticket machine s and
$533 for non-CBD ticket machines whilst it costs $549 per annum to
maintain CBD multi-bay meters and $451 for non- CBD multi-bay meters.
The cheaper average cost outside the CBD can be attributed to less usage.
3. The average downtime is highest in winter when some machines,
particularly multi-bays are prone to jamming and coin refusal during periods
of heavy rain. Some multi-bay meters contain a ‘cut-out’, power saving
device that requires a motorist to push a reset button. The machine can take
a while to reset and sometimes motorists assume the machine is not
working. In the 2004 calendar year, 6, 713 fines were withdrawn because
the meter was not working.
Table Three: Machine Performance (Per Meter Type) – February 2003 – January 2004
Meter Type
Total Monthly
Average
Downtime
Average
Monthly
Downtime per
Unit
Average
Faults per
Meter per
month
Cale 102
212
3.6
2.4
Duncan Eagle
890.5
0.5
0.5
Duncan EMM
492.1
1.2
1.1
Focus Multi Bay
238.5
4.4
2.3
Focus Ticket Machine
1072.7
6.3
3.7
POM APM
416.4
0.9
0.7
Reino PSA Ticket Machine
898.4
3.3
1.9
Reino Multi Bay
902.4
4.5
2.7
Reino M1
691.7
4.2
2.3
Telkor Multi Bay
942.4
3.3
2.2
Monthly Average
6905.8
1.7
Parking Meter Plan – 2005 – 2010
Page 26 of 35
Table Two – Asset depreciation schedule 04/05 – Parking Devices
ASSET
CODE
VALUE 04/05
ASSET NAME
($)
SINGLE
VALUE
($)
IF98119
POM/ APM dual
142,949
346
meter
IF981119-1
Reino multi Bay
1,007,627
2,590
IF981119-2
Duncan meter
1,478,040
654
IF98119 - 3
Focus multi-bay
197,402
2,860
IF98119 - 4
Telkor multi bay
245,205
1,201
IF98119 - 5
Focus ticket
556,776
2,993
70,830
1264
1,127,515
3,809
82,022
N/A
machine
IF98119 - 6
Cale ticket
machines
IF98119 - 7
Reino PSA ticket
machines
IF98119 - 8
CDS multi-bay
TOTAL
VALUE
4,953,924
Asset Management Regime
4. The Asset Owner. The Traffic Engineering Unit within Engineering
Services Group has responsibility for management of the parking meter
stock. This includes asset replacement and management of the budget to
buy new meters. Budget management includes revenue forecasting. The
process used by the asset owner to purchase new parking meters is detailed
below:
o
o
o
o
o
establish purchasing parameters – ie. what meters are required? What
are the design parameters? What me ters are earmarked for replacement?
This is likely to involve issuing more than one tender – eg. a larger
tender for replacement purchases and a smaller tender for new single
meters.
make a budget bid. This is a decision based upon the amount of funding
received in previous years;
receive annual budget allocation;
Prepare public tender documents as per Council guidelines. The current
public tender process takes into account the following: - cost (40% of
total score), reliability & maintainability (10%) –audit trail (10%) –
coinbox 7%, public acceptance 5%, experience and capability 6%,
enforcement capability (4%), Australian content (3%0 , network
suitability – communications (3%) and stored value card/ credit card
capability (1%) and occupational health and safety (1%).
establish a procurement plan and write up the tender. This includes
reviewing current market rates and allowing for in situ charges for
installation and supply and delivery;
Parking Meter Plan – 2005 – 2010
Page 27 of 35
o
o
o
o
under Council guidelines, if all tenders conform with the specification,
they are analysed and scored according to an assessment as to how they
meet the criteria listed above;
establish and document exact locations which are to receive the new
paid parking stock. Includes liaison within Engineering Services to
make a decision;
update Council’s database including informing Council’s Contractors
responsible for Meter Maintenance and Cash Collection;
place information on GIS database (noted that this database is still being
plotted).
6. The Traffic Engineering Unit is also responsible for determine parking
restrictions geared towards efficient traffic management and safety. This
assessment is based upon occupancy rates, turnover rates and observation.
7. Asset maintainer. The Services Unit within Engineering Services Group is
the asset maintainer who is responsible for asset upkeep. This Unit manages
the ‘Maintenance of Parking Control Devices’ contract which includes:
o
o
o
routine and preventative maintenance and condition assessment based
upon the outcomes of a surveillance program. (A software program
known as ‘Hardcat’ keeps records of maintenance and condition);
minor and major repairs. The ‘major repairs’ classification includes
vandalism and traffic accident damage;
maintenance of the asset register for parking meters. The register
maintains a record of defects, repairs and asset replacement.
8. Routine maintenance include items such as:
o
ticket roll replenishment;
o
battery management – recharge and or replacement of disposable and
rechargeable batteries;
o
cleaning of meters to remove posters, stickers graffiti etc.
o
clocks and timer management – including recalibrating the meter
clocks and timers to eliminate timing drift and cater for daylight
saving;
o
replacement of meter identity information such as decals, operating
instructions and viewing lenses. (Reino Co.)
9. Regular surveillance inspections of meters are also carried out as part of the
service contract. This includes visual inspection of meters, checking of
coin paths, checking buttons are operating properly and verification of tariff
signage.
10. The City of Melbourne also employs contractors for the cash collection from
parking meters and maintenance on the parking devices. The total value of
these contracts is $4.5M per annum. The City of Melbourne spends $1.1M
on maintenance (including correction due to vandalism) each financial year
and a further $70,000 is allocated for minor works each financial year.
11. When machines are removed from service due to obsolescence, they become
scrap metal or sold for spare parts with payment received by the City of
Melbourne. In the 2004/05 financial year, 12 CDS machines were deemed
Parking Meter Plan – 2005 – 2010
Page 28 of 35
obsolete and removed. The City of Melbourne is in negotiations with
another party to purchase spare parts from these machines for a cost of
$8,000. In the 2003/04 financial year, 70 Telkor meters were sent to scrap
metal and the City of Melbourne received $500 in total for them.
12. The End User. The kerbside space contains a mix of parking, loading zones,
taxi and bus lanes, short and long term parking, resident parking, meter
parking and clearways. In a broad sense, any motorist using or wanting to
use the kerbside for parking is an end user. Understanding the needs of the
end user relies upon knowledge of the needs of the stakeholders seeking use
of the kerbside space. This information is currently obtained through
parking surveys, analysis of land use patterns, an assessment of local and
visitor demand and staff experience - built up over many years.
13. Utilisation. This includes an assessment of occupancy rates, compliance
levels and turnover. This information is currently obtained by parking
surveys, observation and staff assessment.
14. Another way to manage the assets is to appoint a service provider to manage
the entire assets. This could be achieved by granting a concession to
upgrade, operate and maintain the City’s parking meter stock. The
advantage of this type of asset management arrangement is the resource
savings that could be obtained without loss of current or projected revenue.
That is, under such an arrangement the service provider would make an
upfront payment relying on their ability to improve revenue over and above
projections. The main problems with this type of arrangement is that for a
company to be prepared to take the risk – ie. that they could pay revenue
projections, employ all the staff, upgrade technology and still make a
sizeable profit – they would presumably want a degree of asset control that
could be detrimental to the City’s interests and/ or lead to a conflict of
interest.
Parking Meter Plan – 2005 – 2010
Page 29 of 35
Appendix C - Number Of Parking Meters And Ticket Machines
As Well As Their Type –as of 31/12/04
Table four
Meter
Type
Brand
Single – Bay Meter
Type
Duncan Dual Eagle Meter
1,229
Duncan Dual Electronic
Meter
248
Duncan Quad Eagle Meter
44
Duncan Quad Electronic
Meter
54
Duncan Single Eagle Meter
544
Duncan Single Electronic
Meter
141
POM APM Single Electronic
Meter
73
Sub Total
2,333
POM APM Dual Electronic
Meter
38
POM APM Multiple
Electronic Meter
374
POM APM Single Electronic
Meter
1
Sub Total
413
Focus Multi Bay
69
Reino Launchpad
20
Reino – M1
171
Reino Multi Bay
198
Telkor Multi Bay Machine
204
Sub Total
662
CHS Global
2
Focus Ticket Machine
186
Cale Ticket Machine
56
PSA Ticket Machine
296
Sub Total
540
Double - Bay Meters
Multi – Bay Meters
Ticket Issuing meters
Total
Parking Meter Plan – 2005 – 2010
Quanti
ty
3,948
Page 30 of 35
Appendix D - Compliance Background
1. Short term and medium term parking meters are meeting the objective of
improving vehicle turnover of motorists and increasing parking
opportunities for motorists. Comparative surveys undertaken in Lygon
Street (free one hour parking) and Pelham Streets (metered two hour
parking) in Carlton indicated similar parking occupancies of 90% (Lygon)
and 88% (Pelham) however the average parking turnover was one hour and
fourteen minutes per vehicle in Lygon Street and 53 minutes in Pelham
Street. Therefore the average stay in Lygon Street was over 40% higher
than in Pelham Street. This is unusual considering that the permitted
parking time is half that of Pelham Street. From these results, it can be
deduced that parking meters are the likely reason for the better turnover of
vehicles in Pelham Street. Other similar comparative surveys done within
the CBD have supported these conclusions.
2. The introduction of two hour limit metered parking (resident excepted) on
the north side of Bromby Street, South Yarra reduced occupancy rates by
approximately 20% even though the time limit was extended from one hour
(free) to two hour (metered). This resulted in residents and resident visitors
having much greater opportunity to park in Bromby Street because local
area workers no longer found it an attractive place to park their vehicle for
long periods of time.
3. Based upon limited surveys, it is estimated that the compliance figures for
single meters and ticket machines are approximately 90%. The compliance
rates for multi-bays are estimated at 80%.
Parking Meter Plan – 2005 – 2010
Page 31 of 35
APPENDIX E – Geographical Location Of Parking
Devices Within City Of Melbourne
Geographical Placement of Parking Devices
1. In Melbourne, all on-street parking within the CBD is metered paid
parking except for pick-up/ set down commercial zones. Parking meters
are used in the CBD and the peripheral areas adjacent to the CBD (ie.
where parking is at a premium) to facilitate short term parking.
2. Parking meters have also been placed in outer areas of the municipality
where previously city commuters could park for free. This has been
used as a device to encourage commuters to use public transport instead
by narrowing the price differential between the cost of public transport
and the use of the parking space.
3. With the recent installation of parking meters in Alexandra Avenue,
South Yarra devices have now been installed in most non-residential
areas within the City of Melbourne. The exceptions are:
o
o
Lygon Street in Carlton where local area management issues have
prevented installation;
Areas of Port Melbourne, West Melbourne and Kensington where it
is not considered necessary to install devices.
4. The City of Melbourne has introduced parking meters in selected high
demand residential streets (offering resident exception). Streets that
have had devices installed are McArthur Place, Coventry Street, The
Avenue, streets abutting Powlett Reserve, Gordon Street, Bowen
Crescent and Bromby Street. Parking meters will shortly be installed in
Wells Street and Dodds Street.
5. The meters in these residential streets were introduced because residents
complained that they find it difficult to park within reasonable distance
of their properties. These streets are in proximity to generators of high
parking demand such as shopping centres, commercial properties and
hospitals. The installation of meters has led to reductions in nonresidential occupancy rates of up to 20% - providing residents with
greater parking opportunities.
Parking Meter Plan – 2005 – 2010
Page 32 of 35
Figure One: Location of Single Bay Duncan Meters
Parking Meter Plan – 2005 – 2010
Page 33 of 35
Figure Two: Location of Double/ Multi Bay meters and Ticket Issuing Machines
Parking Meter Plan – 2005 – 2010
Page 34 of 35
Agenda Item 5.3
Planning and Environment Committee
6 September 2005
FINANCE ATTACHMENT
PARKING METER PLAN 2005 - 2010
Funding of $500,000 has been included in the 2005/06 budget for parking meter renewal program (project
number 05ES036). Additional funding will be subject to normal budget processes.
Joe Groher
Manager Financial Services
Page 35 of 35
Agenda Item 5.3
Planning and Environment Committee
6 September 2005
LEGAL ATTACHMENT
PARKING METER PLAN 2005- 2010
Schedule 11 of the Local Government Act 1989 provides at Section 1 that Council has certain Powers
concerning parking, as follows:
‘(1)
A Council may fix, rescind or vary –
(a) the days, hours and periods of time for which, and the conditions on which, vehicles may
stand in a parking area in any highway or other parking area; and
(b) the fees for any vehic les standing in a parking area and the manner of payment of those
fees; …..’
Alison Lyon
Manager Legal & Governance