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formic
acetic
propionic
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Seedling length, mm
0
2
4
6
Fraction of germinated seeds
1.0
Ryegrass:germination
1.0
formic
acetic
propionic
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
8 10
0
2
4
6
8 10
concentration, mmol/L
concentration, mmol/L
Cress: seedling length
Ryegrass: seedling length
50
20
formic
acetic
propionic
15
10
5
0
Seedling length, mm
Fraction of germinated seeds
Cress: germination
40
formic
acetic
propionic
30
20
10
0
0
2
4
6
8 10
concentration, mmol/L
0
2
4
6
8 10
concentration, mmol/L
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7
formic
acetic
propionic
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Total weight of shoot biomass, mg
0
20
40
60
1.0
formic
acetic
propionic
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
80
0
50
100
150
concentration, mmol/kg dm
concentration, mmol/kg dm
Cress: shoot biomass
Ryegrass: shoot biomass
1.0
formic
acetic
propionic
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
0
Fraction of germinated seeds
1.0
Ryegrass: germination
20
40
60
concentration, mmol/kg dm
80
Total weight of shoot biomass, mg
Fraction of germinated seeds
Cress: germination
1.0
formic
acetic
propionic
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
0
50
100
150
concentration, mmol/kg dm
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