11.4 Immunisation
In this lesson you will learn
How do you gain immunity to a disease?
Why is immunity important?
How do immunisations work?
Immunisation
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Pathogens enters your body
Lymphocytes make an antibody against it.
Antibodies destroy the pathogens
Some antibodies remain in your body
They will destroy the same pathogen if it gets
in again before it can cause disease.
• Called immunity.
Pathogens enter your body
Lymphocytes get ready to fight them
Lymphocytes make antibodies to fight
the pathogens
The antibodies destroy the pathogens
Some antibodies remain
Antibodies fight off pathogens quickly
if they enter again
You are immune
Did you know
• People often refer to immunisations as giving
you artificial immunity.
• If you suffer from a disease and develop your
own immunity to it – this is natural immunity
• Both types of immunity develop as a result of
your body producing antibodies.
• The main advantage of artificial immunity is
that you never have to suffer from the
disease to start with.
What is an immunisation?
• Often called vaccines
• Immunisations can protect you against some
diseases caused by microorganisms
• Simple, cost effective way of preventing lifethreatening infections in a population.
Are your immunisations up to date?
Child’s age
Disease immunised against
2,3 and 4 months
Polio, diphtheria, tetanus, whooping
cough, Hib meningitis, and meningitis C
About 13 months
Measles, mumps and rubella (MMR)
3-5 years
MMR, polio, diphtheria, tetanus and
whooping cough.
10-14 years
Tuberculosis (TB)
12-13 years
Cervical cancer (girls only)
13-18 years
Polio, diphtheria and tetanus
How do immunisations work?
• A vaccine is inserted into your body
• Could be an injection
• Could be by mouth
What is a vaccine?
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Often dead microorganisms
Weakened microorganisms
Cannot make you ill with the disease
Trigger your white blood cells (lymphocytes) to make
antibodies
Antibodies destroy the microorganisms.
Some antibodies remain in your body
Can fight off the pathogen quickly if it enters your body
Does not cause disease
You are immune
Diseases we all should be immunised
against
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Polio
Tuberculosis
Measles, mumps and rubella
http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/wha
t-are-vaccines-and-how-quickly-can-they-bemade/7134.html
Polio
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Disease that affects your nervous system
Permanent paralysis of parts of your body
Can cause death
Polio vaccine can be given by mouth
On a sugar lump – it tastes horrible!
Tuberculosis
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BCG vaccine
TB is a disease that affects your lungs
Causes breathing problems
Can cause death
What does that map tell you?
• About where TB vaccines are available
• What factors affect whether you are offered a
TB vaccine or not?
• Why is this?
• What could be done about it?
Measles, mumps and rubella
• Measles and mumps can cause permanent
damage
• Measles can cause deafness
• Mumps can make men infertile
• Both can be fatal
• Rubella can cause a baby to be born deaf and
blind if a woman gets it when pregnant.
• http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/mea
sles-cases-on-the-increase-in-2008/6838.html
• http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/callto-make-mmr-jab-compulsory/7343.html
Rubella virus
Work time
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Questions
Summary questions
Put sentences in order
Then finish power point
Chicken Pox
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Internet research
Chicken pox is a mild illness
Most children do not have the immunisation
Those at risk and their brothers and sisters can
be immunised.
Key points
• When a pathogen enters your body,
lymphocytes make antibodies against it
• Once these antibodies have got rid of the
disease they remain in your body.
• This gives you immunity to the disease
• Immunity prevents you from suffering from
the same disease again
Key points
• Immunisations are doses of dead or weakened
microorganisms.
• These are given by injection or by mouth.
• They trigger your body to produce antibodies.
• This gives you protection against a disease.
• http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/unspecialised-agencies/5631.html