U.S. History
Lesson 3
Jefferson Wins in 1800
- Bitter struggle between Jefferson & Adams
- DR said Adams was a tool of the rich – like a monarch.
- Fed said Jefferson was a revolutionary atheist – out to destroy us.
A Electoral Deadlock
A.
1. Jefferson defeats Adams by 8 votes, but ties w/ Aaron Burr.
- House of Reps. had to decide – voted 35 times.
2. Hamilton convinced Fed. to vote for Jefferson.
- didn’t like him, but thought he was the better choice.
- Burr is the V.P.
3. 12th Amendment – Vote for Pres. & V.P. separately.
Jefferson Presidency
- Jefferson wanted to unite the country.
country
- balanced govt. positions with DR & Fed.
A. Simplifying the Presidency
1. Believed in simple govt.
- walked to his inauguration – didn’t want to seem “royal.”
2. Cutting costs
- cut the army & navy
- cut down influence of Bank of U.S.
- wanted free trade (less tariffs)
B. Southern Dominance
1. Jefferson took office in the new capital – Wash. D.C.
- capital is in the South – Jefferson & DR from the South.
2. Federalist party begins to fade – didn
didn’tt campaign.
C. John Marshall & the Supreme Court
1. John Adams appt. John Marshall to be the Chief Justice.
- was Chief Justice for 30 y
years.
2. Judiciary Act of 1801 – Raised the number of judges to 16.
- Adams nominated the new judges late on his last
day in office – “midnight judges”
- Jefferson & DR were upset.
D. Marbury vs. Madison - 1803
1. William Marbury – one of the midnight judges
- Madison (Sec. of St.) did not deliver his appt. papers
- he sued Madison – saying Jud. Act gave him the right.
2. John Marshall decided that the Jud. Act was unconst.
Judicial Review – declaring a law unconst.
- gave the Supreme Court power.
U.S. Expands West
- People
l continued
i d to move west past the
h App. Mtns.
- Cumberland Gap – passage across mtns. where KY, TN, & VA
meet – Daniel Boone created a trail (Wilderness Road)
A. Louisiana Purchase
1. 1800 – Napoleon reclaims LA from SP.
- U.S.
U S was upsett Æ didn’t
did ’t wantt FR iin A
Am.
2. Robert Livingston offered to buy New Orleans, ended
up buying LA for $15 million.
3. Doubled the size of the U.S.
B. Lewis & Clark
1. Jefferson wanted to explore territory
- Corps of Discovery Æ Meriwether Lewis
William Clark
- 1803 – 50 men left St. Louis
- Sacagawea – Nat. Am. guide
- 2 years & 4 months – lots of valuable information.