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HISTORY
4. The Making of a Global World
4.1. THE PRE-MODERN WORLD
One Mark Question
1. What is globalisation ?
Ans. Globalisation is a process of inter-linking people and nations worldwide. It
involves migration, cultural exchange, trade, communication and many other things.
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3/5 Marks Questions
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2. What was the most powerful weapon of the Spanish conquerors of America ? How
did it pave the way for their conquest ?
(2015-5YNOLUX, 6CV90P3, IH58ATP)
Ans. (1) The colonisation of America was not just a result of superior firepower. In
fact, the most powerful weapon of Spanish conquerors was not any conventional military
weapon. These were the germs such as those of smallpox that they carried on their person.
(2) Because of their long isolation America’s original inhabitants had no immunity
against these diseases that came from Europe. Smallpox, in particular proved a deadly
killer.
(3) Once introduced, it spread deep into the continent ahead even of any European
reaching there. It killed and decimated whole communities, paving the way for conquest.
3. Give two examples of different types of global exchanges which took place before
the seventeenth century, choosing one example from Asia and one from the Americas.
Ans. The global exchanges that took place
before the seventeenth century from Asia
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and America were as under :
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(1) Silk trade from Asia (China) to the western countries of Europe.
(2) Food items such as potatoes, soya, groundnut, maize, tomatoes, chillies, etc. were
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grown in Americas and eaten up all over the world.
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4. Explain with the help of any three suitable examples that the pre-modern world
changed with the discovery of new sea routes to America. (2015-05PJCE7; 2014-DQLR5E8)
Or
“The pre modern world shrank greatly in the 16th Century”. Substantiate this statement
(2015-A5XFPFW)
with five valid arguments.
Or
Describe the significance of silk-routes in the pre-modern period in the field of trade,
(2014-K2S5UQ6)
cultural exchange and religion.
Or
“The pre-modern world changed with the discovery of new sea routes to America”.
Support the statement with three suitable examples.
(2015-I2QFL4H; 2014-ONBGT0O)
Or
The pre-modern world shrank greatly in the sixteenth century. Explain the statement
(2013)
with three suitable arguments.
(7)
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QUESTIONS FOR PRACTICE
3/5 Marks Questions
1. Explain the role of technology in shaping the world economy of 19th century.
2. How did social, political and technological factors help giving shape to economy in
the nineteenth century ?
3. “Some times introduction of new crops make the difference between life and death.”
(2015-I22OIY4, YKUTFWA)
Explain the statement with examples.
4. “Trade and cultural exchange always went hand in hand”. Explain the statement
in the light of sild route.
(2015-SSLFQS5, RT4N0BM, QRPBS78)
5. Describe the Canal Colonies. Where and why were they introduced ?
6. What factors led to the progress of Industrialization in Europe in the 19th century ?
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(2015-NO8CCYZ)
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7. Analyse any three effects of the First
World War on the world economy.
(2015-YKUTFWA)
Project : Globalization in the 19th century
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Introduction :
Globalization is a process of inter-linking people and nations worldwide. It involves
migration, cultural exchange, trade, communication and many other things. Since the
nations are inter-linked, the impacts are felt every where.
Globalization is not a totally new concept. It has its route thousands of years back in
the ancient history. Chandragupta Maurya had a trade link with many countries in the
west. The Mauryan period saw a flourishing cultural link with the countries on western
and eastern frontiers as well. The same is true
for the Gupta period.
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During the Sultanate age Delhi hadEextensive
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The Moughal Emperors had trade and business links with many European countries like
Britain, Pourtughal, Holland, etc. These all support this fact that globalization is a continued
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process, may be, it has changed its forms
and intensity.
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The Early Phase of Globalization :
We can see an early form of globalized economies and culture in commercial trade links
between the Roman Empire, the Parthian Empire and the Han Dynasty. The development
of the famous Silk Route gave them the chance for a flourishing trade.
The Islamic Golden Age was also an important early stage of globalization, when Jewish
and Muslim traders and explorers established a sustained economy across the old world
resulting in the globalization of crops, trade, knowledge and technology.
The Age of Discovery (of new sea routes) brought a broad change in globalization. It
was the first period in which Eurasia and Africa engaged in substantial cultural, material
and biological exchanges with the New World.
The Modern Age of Globalization :
The integration of separate, specialized world regions of agricultural and industrial
production occurred during the nineteenth century. The industrial technologies of the factory,
railway, telegraph and steam ship facilitated this development.
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GEOGRAPHY
1. Resources and Development
INTRODUCTION
One Mark Questions
1. What term is used for resources which are found in a region but have not been
(2015-NY0PNRR)
utilized ?
Ans. Potential resources.
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2. Define ‘resources’.
(2015-PXUFL9U)
Ans. Everything which can be usedENTERPRISES
to satisfy our needs, provided it is technologically
accessible, economically feasible and culturally acceptable can be termed as ‘resource’.
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TYPES OF RESOURCES
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One Mark Questions
1. Give any two examples of biotic resource.
Ans. Two examples of biotic resources are human beings and flora and fauna.
(2015-RBJTI82)
2. What is meant by developed resources ?
Ans. They refer to the resources which are surveyed and their quality and quantity
have been determined for utilization.
(2015-WHGBS1P)
3. What are potential resources ?
Ans. The resources which are found in a region, but have not been utilised.
4. Give one example of a non-renewable resource.
(2014-HKG5GU8)
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Ans. Fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum
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EEthat can be recycled but are non-renewable ?
5. What term is used for resources
Ans. Recyclable resources
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6. Give an example of non-renewable
resource.
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Ans. Fossil fuels
7. Give an example of exhaustible resource.
Ans. Coal
8. How can the resources be classified on the basis of their origin ?
Ans. Biotic and abiotic resources
9. Write two examples of community owned resources.
Ans. Grazing grounds, burial grounds, village ponds.
3/5 Marks Questions
10. What is the importance of natural resource ? Why is it necessary to conserve
(2013)
them ?
Ans. (1) Resources are important for the development of any country. For example,
fossil fuels are essential to generate energy, mineral resources are important for industrial
development, etc.
(3)
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VALUE BASED QUESTIONS
1. “Soil is an important natural resource. When there is land degradation, a number
of things are affected.”
In the light of the above statement, mention some man-made factors responsible for
the degradation of land.
Ans. (1) Deforestation.
(2) Mining activities.
(3) Over-irrigation.
(4) Over-grazing.
(5) Cement industry.
(6) Industrial effluents and wastes.
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(7) Domestic wastes.
2. “Resources are limited on the earth.
Many of them can not be recreated.”
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What do you think there is need of conserving resources ?
Ans. (1) Resource is limited but demand is unlimited.
(2) It will be equally needed by the future generations.
(3) Its over-consumption may lead to various socio-economic problems.
(4) Its over-consumption may lead to various environmental problems.
(5) Its over-consumption may result in global ecological crises.
For the above reasons conservation of resources is a must.
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QUESTIONS FOR PRACTICE
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One Mark Questions
1. Classify resources on the basis of development.
2. Write any two examples of community-owned resources.
(2014-AS7ITAA)
3. What are renewable resources ?
(2014-UPOKN3B)
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4. What is the percentage of share EofDplainsLin
O the total land area in India ?
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5. Which factor is mainly responsible for maximum land degradation in India ?
6. What is the main cause of land RELIABLE
degradation in Punjab ?
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Or
What is the main reason for soil erosion in the state of Punjab ?
(2015-Y8283JO)
7. By which other name is old alluvial soil known ?
(2014-7OX9W96)
Or
According to its age, what is the other name for the old alluvial soil ? (2014-J4CODD1)
8. Which part of India is made up of alluvial soil ?
9. The soil well-known for its water holding capacity, ideal for growing cotton and
also known as regur soil.
10. Laterite soil is useful for growing which two food crops in South India ?
(2014-3NLAMZN)
(2014-XA2BXJR)
3/5 Marks Questions
11. Define the term ‘Resource’, classify resources into four different ways.
(2015-ZZDR105)
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POLITICAL SCIENCE
1. Power Sharing
BELGIUM AND SRI LANKA
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One Mark Questions
1. Belgium is surrounded by which group of countries ?
(2015-CL6KVI8, 3VOHJCZ)
Ans. Belgium is surrounded by France, the Netherland, Germany and Luxembourg.
2. What is the language spoken by the people residing in the Wallonia region of
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Belgium ?
ENTERPRISES
Ans. French language is spoken by
the people residing in the Wallonia region of
Belgium.
3. Which community in Belgium was relatively rich and powerful ? (2015-NO8CCYZ)
Ans. The minority French-speaking community was relatively rich and powerful.
4. Which two ethnic groups are in majority in Belgium ?
(2015-PMZ9JLO)
Ans. Dutch and French-speaking ethnic groups are in majority in Belgium.
5. What is the complex ethnic composition of Belgium in terms of the percentage each
language spoken there ?
(2015-KPQRW0R; 2014-0E7ZWKI)
Ans. The Ethnic composition of Belgium is very complex and out of the country’s total
population, 59 per cent speak Dutch language, 40 per cent people speak French and
remaining one per cent of the Belgians speak German.
6. Which one is not an ethnic community of Sri Lanka from amongst the Hindus, Sri
(2015; 2014-404MBMH)
Lankans, Tamils, Christians and Sinhalas ?
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Ans. Hindus.
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7. Which language is spoken by majority
of Sri Lankans ?
(2014-CHDE7UP)
Ans. The Sinhala language
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(2014-P1HJQLO)
8. Mention the two major social groups
in Sri Lanka.
Ans. The major social groups are : ENTERPRISES
the Sinhala-speakers (74 per cent) and the Tamilspeakers (18 per cent).
(2014-SS2QP2-087)
9. Name the two languages mainly spoken in Sri Lanka.
Ans. The Sinhala and Tamil
10. Which are the two languages generally spoken in Belgium ?
(2014-ZZDR105)
Ans. French and Dutch.
11. Why did the Dutch resent the French speaking community in Belgilum ?
Ans. The minority French-speaking community was relatively rich and powerful.
3/5 Marks Questions
12. Describe the tension that existed between the Dutch and the French speaking
(2012-59)
people in Belgium.
Or
What were the two main causes of resentment in Belgium in 1960 ? How was the
(2010-1080716-A1)
conflict solved ?
(5)
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VALUE BASED QUESTIONS
1. “For a successful democracy it is must that there exists some sort of power sharing
mechanism.”
In the light of the above statement, mention some moral reasons for sharing of power.
Note : For answer, see Q. 5(2) on page 202.
2. “In modern democracies power can be shared in many forms, e.g., horizontal power
sharing or vertical power sharing.”
In the light of the above statement, take example of your school and show how power
is shared horizontally and vertically.
Ans. (1) Horizontal power sharing : In the school, power shared by heads of
different departments is an example of horizontal power sharing. In this type of power
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sharing, power is shared among different
organs placed at the same level but exercising
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different powers.
(2) Vertical power sharing : In the school, power sharing among school management,
principal, teachers, class monitors, etc. is an example of vertical power sharing. In this
type of power sharing, power is shared among higher and lower levels.
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QUESTIONS FOR PRACTICE
One Mark Questions
1. What term is used for a society where there are no significant ethnic differences ?
(2014-62E18E0)
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Group Presentation
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2. Which two ethnic groups are in majority in Belgium ?
(2014-BU6YZMX)
3. Vast majority of people in Brussels speak which language ? Also mention the
language spoken by the minority community in Brussels. (2015-2HVNUJO; 2014-VI5H274)
4. Name the major religion of Sri Lanka.
(2014-U6JS6RM)
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Power
Sharing
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To understand how power sharing takes place in different situations of life for example
at home, community, school, within political party, etc.
Power Sharing at Home
• In our home life, we share a number of responsibilities with other family members.
• My father works outside to earn money to meet the expenses.
• My mother does homely works like cooking, washing clothes and keeping house and
the surrounding clean.
• My sister assists my mother in her works.
• I bring vegetables and other items from the market.
So, we can see there is a division of labour in the family. It helps keeping the home life
at ease and comfortable. This helps reduce burden on any single person and each person
gets his/her share of job and facilities. It makes our home life peaceful and harmonious.
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ECONOMICS
1. Development
WHAT DEVELOPMENT PROMISES —
DIFFERENT PEOPLE, DIFFERENT GOALS
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One Mark Questions
1. ‘Development for one may not be development for the others.’ Why ? Give one
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reason.
Or
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(2015-12GVSAI)
Why do people have different development
goals ?
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Ans. Development for one may not be development for the others because people
seek things that are most important for them i.e., that which can fulfil their aspirations
or desires.
2. ‘Conflicting goals can also be developmental goals.’ Explain the statement with one
(2015-DUUL5OQ)
example.
Ans. To get more electricity, industrialists may want more dams, but this may submerge
the land and disrupt the lives of people who are displaced such as tribals.
(2015-K7MS8UG, CMPOJMB, ZDDVEJ3)
3. Why do some people oppose dams ?
Ans. Dams may submerge the land and disrupt the lives of people who are displaced
such as tribals.
(2015-YKELA59)
4. Give any two common developmental goals of the people.
Ans. Common developmental goals of the people are :
(1) Regular work and better income; (2) Equal treatment.
NLlandless rural labourers ?
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5. What is the main developmentalEgoal
for
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(2014-SS2QP2-087)
Ans. More days of work and better wages.
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3/5 Marks Questions
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6. Why do different people have different
goals for development ? Explain.
(2015-6CV9OP3; 2014-3UVHHGU)
Or
Development goals are different goals also. Explain with an example.
Or
Why do different persons have different notions of development ? Explain.
(2015)
(2015-X51OVRR; 2014-K4L3IKP)
Ans. (1) This is because, life situations of persons are different. People seek things
that are most important for them i.e., the things that can fulfil their aspirations, desires
or needs.
(2) Sometimes, two persons or groups of persons may seek things which are even
conflicting.
(3) A girl may expect as much freedom and opportunity as her brother and that he
also shares in the household work. But, her brother may not like this.
(7)
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VALUE BASED QUESTIONS
1. “Growth in literacy is must for economic development.”
In the light of the above statement, mention the values that literacy improves. (2015)
Ans. (1) Knowledge and skill
(2) Ability to implement modern technology
(3) Capability to establish new enterprises
(4) Health awareness
(5) Creation of opportunities
(6) Self-dependency
(7) Ability to research
(8) Creativity
2. “Effects of environmental degradation breaches the boundaries of nations.”
In the light of the above statement, mention a few such factors caused by
environmental degradation that show global impact and can be controlled by efforts at
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the global level.
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Ans. (1) Global warming
(2) Acid rain
(3) Ozone depletion
(4) Increase in the sea-level
(5) Ocean acidification
(6) Greenhouse effect
(7) Ocean salinity
(8) Desertification
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QUESTIONS FOR PRACTICE
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One Mark Questions
1. What is Per Capita Income ?
2. There are four families in a country with Per Capita Income of $ 15,000. The
income of three families is $ 10,000, $ 20,000 and $ 12,000. What is the income of the
fourth family ?
3. Which neighbouring country has better performance in terms of human development
than India ?
3/5 Marks Questions
NL
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O as conflicting notions of developmental
4. Why do different persons have different
as well
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(2013)
goals ?
5. The annual Per Capita Incomes of three countries are given below :
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● Country A : ` 37,000
● Country
B : ` 80,000
● Country C : ` 55,000
ENTERPRISES
Using the World Development Report
and understanding of Per Capita Income, identify
the following sentences as true or false :
(a) Country A is not a low income country.
(b) Country B and Country C are examples of developing countries.
(c) From the data provided, we can conclude that Country A has a higher population
(2013)
than Countries B and C.
6. What does HDI stand for ? Explain the main criteria of measuring HDI according
to UNDP Report of 1990.
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Practice Paper – 1 (Solved)
SOCIAL SCIENCE
CLASS–X
Maximum Marks : 90
Time : 3 hours
General Instructions :
(i) The question paper has 30 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.
(ii) Marks are indicated against each question.
(iii) Questions from serial number 1 to 8 are very short answer type questions. Each
question carries one mark.
(iv) Questions from serial number 9 to 21 are 3 marks questions. Answer of these
questions should not exceed 80 words each.
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(v) Questions from serial number 22
to 29 are 5 marks questions. Answer of these
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questions should not exceed 120 words each.
(vi) Question number 30 is map question of 3 marks each from Geography.
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1. Where did the print technology first develop ?
1
Or
Who was the most popular novelist in Bengali who often used to host ‘jatra’ ?
Ans. The print technology first developed in China, Japan and Korea.
Or
Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay was the most popular novelist in Bengali who often
used to host ‘jatra’.
2. Which state in India is the largest producer of pulses ?
1
Ans. Madhya Pradesh is the largest producer of pulses in India.
3. Delhi as a state is not as powerful as other states of India. Why ? Give one
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reason.
1
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Ans. Delhi as a state is not as powerful as other states because it comes under Union
Territories and is also a capital of India. So, the Central Government has special powers to
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run this state.
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4. Give one reason why did Peter
Norman who was neither black nor
American join in the gesture of protest ?
1
Ans. Peter Norman wanted to draw international attention to racial discrimination
and support to human rights also.
5. Name the system that values men more and gives them power over women ?
1
Ans. Patriarchy.
6. What is Tertiary Sector ?
1
Ans. Tertiary sector includes those activities that help in the development of primary
and secondary sectors. For example, railways, shopkeepers, lawyers, etc.
7. The average per capita income of four families living in a village is ` 7,500.
Out of them the income of three families is ` 4,000, ` 9,000 and ` 12,000
respectively. What is the income of the fourth family ?
1
Ans. The income of the fourth family is ` 5,000.
(9)
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