G. Ali Afrooz, PhD Farzaneh Motamedi Tehran University M. A. in Psychology &' " ( " #$ % ')*+ Abstract T T his study aimed to compare self efficacy and mental ! health of gifted and normal students. Two randomly ,- $ %&' ! . ! ! / 01 " ! / ?&9:' F1 and attitude. But the relationship between mental health *F 7G" 7 HI& 7 and the chance factor was not significant. Furthermore, ;H * attitudes and social dysfunctioning. Also, no gender 7 !" K2 %& ( " ;. $ (GHQ) 9 # ?&9:' B 70DE ! ( 8 / there were no significant differences between the two groups of normal and gifted students, in terms of their ;$ ' > $ %&' #! 7 *8 @A ( *15 = between mental health and the factors of effort, aptitude, # 5 6' / &2 7" 9&6:' C 1 ( 2 / 01 questionnaire. Results showed a significant relationship )* + " ( " 2 3 41 7 *8 completed the Raven’s Progressive Matrices test, a student efficacy questionnaire, and the General Health ,- " ?&9:' ;. & = +&" 7 D 2 A .8 *F 7G" 8 B 2 70DE 70DE J 0' H K " . !" +&" $ %&' 71K + C 1 ( *12 <# # .! *F J 0' # <1A . 1 70DE differences in self-efficacy were present. ;$ %&' . ! Key words : self efficacy, mental health, gifted student, aptitude, attitude, effort, chance. ! Contact information : [email protected] ; ; . &') % & - , (B 2 ;$ ' ; ! " ; F1 &$ ' (aXLL` ; %1 ^ l % l l l ; # <1A W 1 *2 . ! 7 ) / = ! x W5 ! / 01W W" ^ " li r " 7l ; W**l W W2 ; 642 +&" ' y @&= &*' " " W WA = W&*' ?W" . g z& S <1 { W5 +&*I< ( 1< . # <1A * @1 * & 642 li A 7l # W<1A @9 F' m9<# * = ! &9l ; W*"_ W2 = &*' 3 G b 1<l; *1 ;. W D 1W ; W9& W" " ; l ! ? M { 7Wl . W8 %& aM j_ ' (aXLL` 1W8&" < A 1 ;^ " l J WW)1 7WWl D WW WW2 WW S WWc 7WW" m #5 c ! / 01 7" +& l ML ; W 7W" 7" %& . 7l 2 [* ! ;3 GW ; W0* 1W %@" W <W A . H 8 7WW" " &1WW ( WW = WW 5 MM = WW | W:D ! W# $ W %&' 5 ! 7 < @&= +W 9Z 9&6:' l 7W15 = ! @D E 7" p H4 " 7 7FD G } 2 W*&" & J > 9&6:' l 70DE (M ~ W 7W0DE $ W %W&' W# . ! (X ~ J 0' H m " l W 7W0DE $ W %W&' W# . ! (` W ;3 GWW ; W*' . VWWO #_ W W J W0' H Wm W" a = W 5 ; # <1A *l ~ W" W l W 7W0DE . . 1 (j ~ *' 01 H m ! "# $% ( '/ / " 5 J N> 7 1F *" + 18&" ; = ! R S 1* Q @1&5 P @&O ' X VW@ W@" 41 Y W V) ?<# " &UT' W2 W WZ [*W ; = ! . A 5 ; @1&D F5 7" . &84" \ :' " ]!^ . %W& 7W" = W ! \5 W J &" [' J K8 " " (aM` ` ; * : _ ! U T1 ! W " ; W*" W 7 ) 3 b @b W c " W W" Wcd e 7" ' 7" f " ^ W" W 5 Y g= U &= ; W V W W@ W" W ' 7W W "7 ; W*"_ &= 7" 18&" &= c (aM `; *" ! ? M M ` i WA ! ? M L_ h 1*& @8 C 1 l k G > 7l . 8 %& aM j ; 9& 1W8&" %W& 1 *W2 W c ! / 01W 2 " '^ " %W&H D b 7l 0&D m' . ! 7 =+ ( J mW8 n V&9 ' ' **l l 8 WH W aM j_ W9& i WA ( 2 " ; <# * o ' * l 7l *15 aXLLj_ 5 ?&K = ( g=p &UT' 9&6:' 5 8& / 01W W l +&" 7l & 7[&1 + " %& 7WG" *" 7 ce * 7)5 &= c ! ( A j + W 1<@ ! W m W l q W " J W )1 J W)1 W" W5 ( W . W W15 V&WW)*' ?WW # W**l 3 *1A 9<# ] [ ! +& l DW ; &= 8& @ @& ' " J )1 + s W642 1 %@" ; l! >i r 7l 7W" ^ W" W l W" W5 ( W %5 ' '^ W" @5 W W2 r % ?m8 t&D m' ! ? M vw ;M u, ; *"_ &= ) " M / Winter. - being " % $# Journal of Iranian Psychologists - $ - efficacy - regulatory ! . R. - efficacy expectations ( # # L ) " * + ,* - pH* W < z +&* S = ( / $ z 7c : .W . ! 5 = 7[&1 W& T' ‰ W W a•‚ww ; o W <& ! ?WW •vwƒ_ %" ! …-- " . ', %= -ˆvw ' -ˆuv +&" K t914 ! ?Z C 1 7 5 +&*I< ' . 7<& \ e ! H1 c< 9 . ! . 7<& ! 1@" . W ! w W<1# W&9" > W / + 7 ( ** u W&9" > aM`{{; o W<& ! ? M sy_ + *&1 rW ! BW W ! ! " \ e ! . . ! <1# Lˆ{ Lˆ M ;Lˆ zW&' ' 7" / 7 / r ;710 +W c1# <1# &9" > z ( / 7" ‚-•. " [* "7 8 . ! 4c1 W ;a•‚…, ; W* "_ ; 2 ] [ ! •ƒ *W / = H ;+ " . %5 ( " . ! + H* < z ; '^ " S •u ' -ˆv• ' -ˆuu . <1# &9" > z -ˆu‡ ' -ˆui ". ! + (a•‚w‡ ; A _ / 2 $ %= W {L ! W' +& / < ; 2 / @" / 2 ! ' /< = z # H 8 +&H & ! ' +& &F : ŠW 1 2 / @" / * . 8 L€MML / < ; * o +&H W& ! '^ " &F : M`L ! '^ " / < ( @& ! . " $ " H 8 +WWW } (GHQ) v WWW<# WWW 7 *WWW8 a3 W $ W" W*1c 7 *8 r 7 *8 W W" *&D W" 7# <[ 7l $ %= W ; *1W W S 1W 7Wl l " •;. 1 ! ? M {X ; ‹ " 9=_ &= > / 01 Œ&4W8' rW 7" " &1 7 *8 + (a•‚ww 7Wm9" W & W W@ <&" z' 79 9 • W W W W<&" +&" % <' . )* +WW ( W / W 2 W e 7WWF A W 5 W <' W " J W ^ We W@&= W" 7Wm ! &W" 7 *8 0 ! W •9#_ B \& :' x ! ?<18 7F A ( a 7 # $ %&' 7G 1 S S . ! 7&9l " X€ ` 9&6:' S 7l " . @' @2 1 0 j`{ $ %&' . ! V[ ( " / l ] cU # .! V[ aXXs XMX 1 _ "( "a XXX{ 1 Xjy{_ 0 M{jy j S 5\ e ! : 7F A i " 7 < V[ $ %&' . ! 7F A " ;a•‚wu ; _ •. 7l ! +&" ! 5 + ( " 0 ,- " " " @ 1 &" ! " M`L ^ " 2 / @" 3 41 / 5 6' J Z 7" . 8 F1 " : 7F A i " 7 < V[ "( 2 1 `L_ 0 yL " " " %& # .! 7F A +&" ! 72 &= 7 < \ e ! 7 " a `L )* + " ( 2 3 41 . @' @2 # @ 1 &" 3 41 MM y 7 G* . @' @2 7 =MX \e * +&" ! . 1 &" r 7 1 . 1 &" r 7 G* ! 5 6' J Z 7" i l r . 1 &" 7 ;/ 2 3 41 @ l .! ] <' 2 3 41 .8 . $ . ! A ( *15 = > " ( " MMs ' s +&" . ! + 2 / @" 7 } 2 / 01 ! @ ! ! / = " ƒ . W ! +W } . W / W8& @ ' . ! atD 7W W <# $ &„ @ ! ! K ‚ W81* W &9H i *8 . 79& 7" •vu‚ S .W W" . W ! + ' / H Q@ 5( 2 ] WW5 WW* o q WW zWW # .^ WW = %" 7D WW …€•• +W ( W / W2 W81* .^ W = %" W" . ' 715 8& ' •ƒ t C* ! ; 6' S E ,- 7 . ! &= /! )* 7" / 2 ?&K8' aE D ;C ;B ;A_ … 7W " ( / 2 71 ‡+ &† <# $ ? # M & * - . * - !1 $ 2 !& ' ( !) * - / 0 # " % 2 # !& + ) , stionnaire Goldberg, D. P. &$ ' ! "# $% %Wl <' [*@" m9<# J &&Ž' " ; 2 %l <1 ' W } &= " V@ / ! / = W" W A / W W@P 5 # m9<# ] [ 7 @&W " 7 *WW8 +WW (! W . W8 W W& • WW WW@ = 7WWF A ?WWl " WW 7WW*& ! W&F<A r @ <&" 7 J FD G ; l_ 2 / " l 7" J 01 @ ! W ! } W i W& W ! W@b a•‚u- ;Š&: W5 i W / W" W ? W2 (A) S i W& W @ H1 i n 7" c i W& W ! +W ( W&= W " " 7 8 W@&H14&H " W" zW9„ 7Wl " @15 ] i W& W ! ( W*l W " &W2! ; * < [& " W W" 3 GW W" 7Wl W ? 2 (B) W5 W ' / 1 = (C) ] i & ! ( Šc' = W! ? W 7WW5 W 71WW W" 7WW9" H WHb q W" W@ @ [* / ! W* W m2 = ! S 1 @1&F> " . *l W / W &= " (D) i W& ! +& @b / ^ " 7W" W648 W= V&W = W 5 W" 7Wl \W9F' ` W' 0WZ / W< • 7" ( Šc' 8l W i& ! XM ' Mj +&" / < ( &= ( .8 ? #. ! n a•‚wu ; W @" ! ?W •vuv_ ‹ " W9= / W& # 7" ! W pH* W< " " &2! $ + ' z * W W" ( W • c l 0D z 7c : \ e ! ! " i " 7*& ! + / 2][ @8 <1# &9" > • c l 0D z c : %& ! &†W ‘W b ( W / Wl $ %= S c> ?" > ^ " 7[&1 + " S = %" 5 ! 0 XX` 7FD G " aM j_ D EW X ?mW2 <1# &9" > z 7l *15 ?Wl " ! ! " $ 7" <# 7 *8 ;3 GW ; < A 7 8 @ & ;. ! $. aptitude . affort . chance / Winter. validity Multidimensional Health Questionnaire Student Efficacy Questionnaire $# Journal of Iranian Psychologists - ;-ˆ…… zW&' ' 7W" = W 5 # <1A *l 7 *W8 +W " ( " Lˆj{ -ˆ‡ƒ ;-ˆ‡, ;-ˆ‡‡ • Wc1# E %& . A@ " 7FD G r ; W _ W . W& . W& . W<1# &9" > ;+W " . %5 (a•‚u- ;. K< ! ? M $ ! / 01W W" 7 *8 + <1# &9" > " zW&' ' 7W" • Wc l W0D . Wl 7<& ; ! ! " (a•‚u- ; W '_ W / W 2 $ %WW= Lˆ L Lˆ ` ;Lˆ{L i W W" gW 7 *W8 c1# " +&*I< +W @W & / H1 c< . %< c1# $ H1W c< z W 7W . 8 ?l / < " 7 *8 . 1WW <&" 7 *WW8 W" W <# W 7 *WW8 / W +&W" H1 c< z -ˆ……(MHQ) ƒBmD & Lˆ { W'Lˆ{X +&" ?l / < " 7 *8 + @ & (aM` L ; '_ ". ‚ 7 *8 + } ! l 7 *8 a’ ? 2 $ %= " *1c @5 + ' / 1 = a•vvv_ “*&A . = Š ' 7 7 = s` @&= e .! "• 6 &9" > J &9<# ( / 2 ?&9:' . [* / > & T' . ! + c1# <1# @b %& 7 *8 9Z x (a•vvv ;“*&A . = _ … ‡ ; 2 l ; F1 ? 2 7l &= " i& ! ! / 01 " 7 = 7< ( t&9m' w$ H ,B 2 ? 2 7* %= @b @4 J Z 7" J m&D i & V5 ' ;V0D 4 ' ;V0D 4 ‰ l /< z&' ' 7" 7l / 2 eV5 ‰ l " aM` L_ / ! V l ( *1 j ` ;X ;M ; 9l l <1# &9" > ;? # ?&9:' r<l z&' ' 7" B 2 ? # 2 l ? # ; F1 ? # ?&9:' " ( 7" Lˆ,- -ˆ,… ;-ˆ,, ;-ˆw, B ?&9:' . & = ; 9 # ?&9:' ! / ( 2 / 01 ( ". attitude X ) " * + ,* - (a•‚u• ; 5 6* _ *12 “ ! '^ " / • -( +&KD W & W & . ! A ! ?Z C 1 ƒ F' 0 ! . *&<e )* 7" 9' " (KMO) ( / 2 BKF* • S A 7 < ) 4 & 5 6 7 5 KMO 2 3 <n ; 9:8 ( 2 @& >? 2 . =* aLˆyy_ &=7 < 0l S c> ?" > $! 7" 7A ' " . ' (P < / ) 9' " l . ! . " *F ; l *F ? # ( l $ %= ? # ?&9:' / W2 +&W&c' B c / $! / <# Œ 2 ( / 2 $ %= ƒ S A ? # Š ' / 2 +&&c' B ! -ˆ,,ƒ ⇐ &=7 < 0 . ! u,‡ˆ-wƒ ⇐ 9' " . ! ‡‚… ⇐ ! 7A -ˆ--- ⇐ *F ”G '? G 0 / 2 +&&c' B .9 Z " . %5 / $! ! 7b W# zWW&' ' ‚ '1 / $! ? # •- ;‚ ;• ;ƒw ;ƒ- ;•u ;•, ;•‡ ;•‚ •-ˆu,‚ •-ˆu‚ ‚ˆƒ…v • ƒ, ;ƒ‚ ;•w ;v ;u ;w ;ƒ ƒ•ˆ‚…, •-ˆ‡v‚ ‚ˆ•‡u ƒ ƒv ;ƒu ;ƒ… ;ƒ• ;•v ;•… ;•ƒ ;•• ƒvˆ…‚ƒ uˆ•w, ƒˆ‡…‚ ‚ ƒ‡ ;ƒƒ ;, ;… ;‡ ‚,ˆuwƒ wˆ‚‡- ƒˆƒ-ƒ ‡ +&W" ŠW" ` F<[' Z '1 '"7 / W ! ?W # + W1@" +&W&F' W" ;. ?W # W 7W 2 Œ48 ' 2 / 01 + W" ( * +&&c' &Ž1 ? B $! 7WW W2 71WW2 7WWH ?WW&9:' 9 &' 3 % 2H & -(ABC ' D))E7 F /• / . W 4 ! 70DE (a‚ S A_ 2 7c : ) &Ž1 +&" 7 * .8 ‚S AC 1 ; WH J Wc# 7W" ( WA W*F 7WG" $ ' 7W" 1< q < 7 *8 7 5 W " W1@" &F ! *F / W< W 7 *W8 $ ' ? # ; *1 F1 ? # +&" 7G" ( &= 18&" W $ H 70DE +&" +&*I< ( i KF i WWKF WW*F 7WWWG" — WW WW&Ž1 . WW*# 7WW" Kaiser - Meyer - Olkin ' +&WW&c' W " M ?WW # 7WW W W . W 8 ƒ S W A v ? W 2 ;‚ˆƒ…v / W $! B W ! –MLˆ y` ? #( aM ;` ;ML ;M` ;Mj ;My ;M ;XL ;X{_ 7 = ;X` ;Xy_ 7W = w ? 2 ;‚ˆ•‡u / $! +&&c' " – ˆM{y +&WW&c' WW" ` ?WW # ( WW aX ;{ ; ; ;M{ ;X ;X _ 7W = u ? 2 ;ƒˆ‡…‚ / $! B W" j ? # @ aMM ;MX ;Ms ;M ;XM ;Xs … ? W2 ;XˆXLX / $! B –{ˆ`jL +&&c' WWA WW)* 7WW" ( WW aj ;s ;y ;XX ;Xj_ 7WW = i W W" W W W*&" &W ".& = eigen value &$ ' &' 3 % 2H & -(ABC ( $# ! 6 # D)5 I E - F 7 . B2 $H $ ' -ˆvƒ €-ˆ•uv €-ˆ‚•ƒ -ˆƒ‡, €-ˆ•w -ˆ‚,- -ˆƒ,ƒ € €-ˆ•… -ˆ‡‡‡ € -ˆ•‡, € 7 $% '1 F1 € F1 $ ' $H € *&" & "# B2 ' .8 ; 70DE 7 SE _ — &Ž1 70DE (a‡ S A_ ** a * ' *&" & 6# 1 5 &' 3 % 2H )J H1 c< z G g[ 715 ? F' &Ž1 *b K L .! '1 g[ &Ž1 *b H1 c< z &Ž1 *b J g[ +&H & F 2) H1 c< z B *F ! 2 " 18&" 5 /! Y A g n ( " * " 1@" $ H F1 -ˆvƒ " " " B 2 ? # +&" 7G" ( & *F α ˜ -ˆ-… ”G 7 " + 7" H4 " . & = ! ?Z C 1 ?&9:' J g[ x <[ ! 7A &&Ž' n" * "! 7D F *F * & t 1 z .& = K&K0' &Ž1 1 K&K0' z G K&K0' z .& = &Ž1 * & * * () * * * +, * * + - * & && 70DE +&" &Ž1 *b H1 c< z R ˜ -ˆ‚,, " " " — W&Ž1 = W** +&W&c' . %& *WF R . %W& / Winter. 70DE _ +&" & &Ž1 \ e ! a _ A ! ?Z C 1 ( *1 –•‚ˆ‡- a * . 8 ‡ S A •] = 7" ] = . & = $ Stepwise %!# $ ' Journal of Iranian Psychologists - & & && j ) " * + ,* - *&" & J > Q | :D 7" a$ H B 2 (a‡ S A_ *1 & $ %&' #/ = 7 " B ?&9:' . ! ! (a… S A_ 70DE 2 / 01 < .& Q 3 (1 8 &' 3 % 2H & - )J *F J > *F e 7" $ ' ? # *F ] ? # 7 5 ; H J c# 7" ( — &Ž1 *&" & 7 *8 1< / < _ ^" 7 ( *1 %& 18&" $ ' a / 7" ; F1 _ H ? # 7 ;$ ' ? # Q *d1 7" 02- F 1 O D))"7 2N (5 F F J g[ +&H & J g[ x <[ -ˆ•uv •ˆw‡ ‡•ˆ-‚ ‡•ˆ-‚ F1 -ˆ•ƒ- ƒˆ‡… ƒ-ˆ,v ƒ-ˆ,v $ ' -ˆ-,‡ ‚ˆ‡u ,uˆv- ,uˆv- $H -ˆ‡-v -ˆ,u •‡ˆ‡• •‡ˆ‡• B 2 -ˆw, ‚ˆƒ•… w…ˆ…ƒ w…ˆ…ƒ F1 -ˆvw -ˆ--• uˆu‚ uˆu‚ $ ' -ˆ-•v …ˆ,w ••ƒˆ-… ••ƒˆ-… $H -ˆ‚-- •ˆ-u, ƒƒˆw, ƒƒˆw, B 2 -ˆ-ƒƒ …ˆ‡- •ƒwˆ-… •ƒwˆ-… F1 -ˆ,v- -ˆ•,- •ˆ‚… •ˆ‚… $ ' -ˆ…wv -ˆ‚•… ,ˆƒ‚ ,ˆƒ‚ $H -ˆ…wv -ˆ‚•- ,ˆ…- ,ˆ…- B 2 < . & 3 (1 8 *F 6# )J — &Ž1 02- F 1 U D))"7 2N (5 F 71 " $ =) M7 2 3 L &Ž1 ™ B*A ., '1 J &&Ž' nc* J g[ x <[ -ˆv,… -ˆ--ƒ ‚ˆƒw ‚ˆƒw *' . -ˆ•uu -ˆu…‚ -ˆu,ƒ -ˆ,,… •ˆw… -ˆ-‚… -ˆ-‚-ˆ•uv ‚,ˆ…• -ˆ,•ƒ -ˆu‡ƒ ‚ˆƒw ‚,ˆ…• -ˆ,•ƒ -ˆu‡ƒ ‚ˆƒw 3 G * = 5 *' . VO # -ˆw-‡ -ˆ--, -ˆvw… -ˆ--w -ˆ•‡… wˆv• -ˆ--• wˆ…- ‚ˆ-ƒ •‚vˆw ƒˆuƒ •ƒvˆvw ‚ˆ-ƒ •‚vˆw ƒˆuƒ •ƒvˆvw -ˆ‚v‡ -ˆƒv-ˆv‡‚ -ˆw‚‚ •ˆ•‚ -ˆ--… •…ˆƒu •vˆv‡ -ˆ•‡• •…ˆƒu •vˆv‡ -ˆ•‡• VO # 3 G * = 5 *' . VO # B*A $ $ ™ B*A 3 G * = 5 ! # <1A J &&Ž' nc* $ J g[ +&H & # <1A '1 B*A F # <1A .… =) M7 2 3 L s $H "$ *F l 70DE ! K B*A 9 F' U ;+ " . %5 ( " $ *F U 7 U 5 & . ' *F … S A C 1 7" 7A ' " l 70DE " B*A &$ ' ! "# $% ( *F F1 70DE / = 7 "B ?&9:' ! ?Z C 1 .8 70DE $ %&' # * 70DE / = +&" 7 * ; H J c# 7" ( A *F J 0' # <1A # .! 7" c $ %&' . ! " . %5 ( .8 18&" # <1A * *' . V # 70DE " B*A $ 9 F' U ;+ (a, S A _ *F J 0' / = %& & )K(Q) PM5 ! &= @A . 6641 ! & " /! / &&Ž' 1 *2 &= @A 7" 15 ? # ; * . I< 15 / **l +&&F' " 7" @1D ; ] ) ; 1 *2 5 1 *2 c ! l ( 71 @&" ! < A 7" & " J & :' 7l 9 # 79<A @& ' ! 5 @' N> Y / • 61 &= > . 2 15 J ; m5 " ? F' " &9l 6*# ; *" ) ! ( g= &U ' @ " 5 " ;• 642 @8*l S 1*l S <#š +&8 & 1 J @ ; +18 7" ' m9<# 1 * ' < 5 ( ** *&" c " = ! ? ] <' l " ' & ? # “ 7D%* 7" m2 &5 z l C 1 " < \& :' C 1 ( 2 3 : ;i A YM j ; ' YM { ; *"_ @8 " 9&6:' 70DE 7 . 8 aM .! +&" *&" & . ' ( A J 0' $ H 70DE # $ %&' W " " " # <1A W 1 *2 / = l 7 / . 8 &= * 5 l @A @& ' ! 5 " J N> / &= " / Winter. personal functions $# Journal of Iranian Psychologists - %& K h& *" ( • t&D m' ] [ 1F ( < l ! ' UE ; m9<# @ H14&H " i ; m5 q &2 " l 7l / J )1 " ( g= &UT' 5 $ H ;$%&H J )1 7" c l 7 "+ " *" ( ! & T' . ?<# 7 +& ' 7" c 7 5 ][ ' ! 0&F " 7l 5 " " " ; ** 18&" 85 2 l t&D m' 1 *2 c ! 2 V&9 ' ' n ! ^" l " 5 ( **l / 01 18&" J & :' ! & "( " '^ " 9&6:' 5 8& l 7l / . 8 l /! H " 7@A . ! J &= V&<6' ; 5 3 41 " %& a•vv‡_ 9& i A ( g= &UT' @8D b /! 7l & 7[&1 + 7" $! " ; 2 " '^ " 5 / 2 › l ( ** 2 18&" 9&9:' m0' t&D m' 1 *2 ; *"_ H @8 " < + C 1 Y•vvv ;•vv… ;i A Yƒ--‡ ; 5 ?&H = Y•vv‚ . 8 a•‚ww ; & c# Y•vv ;J = h 1* " 70DE . . 1 7 " %& a•vv-_ C 1* J & :' ( J 0' H K ; A + " ( *1 ‘* < + 715 A " a•vv‡ ; 9& i A ! ? •vv‡_ i A / ! & T' B*A +&" J 0' 4" B*A 7" 71 " 78&9 @8 ! — 7K V„ 7" ( 71 ] @0 ! <@ . K .1 79 x 2 . . 1 K2 @' 0' + . 1 &" @D ; *1 f" @' 0' 7 1F . *8 z9„ ( 2 = ] # @& ' ! — ?Z B*A 7" 78 7 @ + ( J @ . 5 *1 " 1 ; # <1A H* 5 ? # " %& *" J & :' (a•vv‡ ; 9& i A _ ( y " * + ,* - (a•‚wƒ ;. '_ * ! &< 7F A a•‚wƒ ; =^ = ! ? •vƒ•_ + ' 7K* V„ 7" 715 g .^ < Š ' 5 7 .8 kG 7 . H &" H J FD G 2 2! J K8 7" +K< . " ;^ " & " ! n> d 5 Y 2 [* / &I& ’ [D # ;< 5 . *# 7" .^ < z9„ ; g z& . H 1 " " ; 2 9' 2 < — . H ! 7 ** i @ &= 72 = 7" [* 7DT + 7[&1 %@1 .^ < ! =( 2 @ % 2 < 715 = A .^ = %" z A ! &= > (a•vv‚ ;— _ 7" 7 &Ž1 S 1* . K + * _ f c' . ! " p# V 5 a((( + D 1&" ' “c ; # <1A ; 61> 7 ce B k e 7K* 7" 7A ' " ( / c ! . ' < D 9F 9# &= 7[&1 7 HI& ; H1 c< C 1 ?<# 7" \& :' + . %& 2 7&Z ' ( / 2 t> 1 *&" & ; *&" * _ *d1 @ = J Z &= > " a((( *2 ( 2 / 01 %& 7c 6 ! 7 *8 " / # .K J Z. @8 7 /! ! K + %5 " / < &&Ž' ;715 = / ** k Z 79 @ e ! / 01 ( +& J )1 Š 2 " . f c' \5 HD / 8 " 7 ;+ " *" ( K 5 cd V 5 J 01 @& ' " . ! ? F' ! z * ! " ! * 1" ' /! A @ 7" 7" @ = ! V@ 5 ! 7 .^ < @&" ! ( &= / @" ; * 3 J & :' ! NF" C 1 " < \& :' C 1 7 . 8 a•‚ww_ & <P a•vv‚_ i = 70DE $ %&' # .! i = ;S + " ( J 0' H K " • ? •vƒ•_ + ' ;a•‚ww_ +<5 . ^ ;aƒ--•_ & T' 7[&1 + a•‚wƒ_ . ' a•‚wƒ ; =^ = ! ( K 9&6:' ' ! $ %&' 5 7K* A " ' 7 ) 7" D " '^ " 5 = 5 3 G @ " 5 9&6:' F1 ! 7 p ! ! & " 7 b ( & 8' b z9„ ; " / FD • 5 9&6:' ; & <P _ *1 %& # <1A =! @D . < ! $ %&' 5 H ! (a•‚ww — J 01 5 . *# 7" . 1 " q 7&D ƒ ! 0* 6' zA ;— + 7 ** ‡ ! ?W •v‡ƒ ; R H*&D ;•v‡- ;‚S _ 2 7" $ %&' 5 ‰^ <F ?&D +&< 7" (a•vv‚ ;i = | :D 7" t&F < A ) ! 7 5 7" d F" ! : \ # ) ! 71 2 # <1A + ' S + " ( / 2 5F 0e # 2 %&' 7 7 5 + H . H8 a•vƒ•_ / K & T' 3 9G J &Z 6 " / < * 7*& ! < $ %&' 5 7 / .8 5 8& ; # <1A &" c: ; < A n ;$ *1 > 1 0e # J cU ; 9&6:' [* @2! " ;a•‚ww ;+<5 . ^ _ 5 ! & • 7" ? > ! $! 7F A S5 œ ( ) / 0/ 12 34 .< "/89 $ 7 6 2 5 $ =? > = ;<6/ . 7 WR 8 UV U T "7 - 5 !4 5 :7 / * & R . "C 5B A/ @ 5 "/89 U< @ X5 .5 $ ! . 7 AD AD ;/,E Y 8 U - T { Terman, H. N. - image & $ ) !3 4 !0 &$ ' Self efficacy: The exercise of ( 5 "/89 $ 7 6 2 F control. New York : Freeman & Company. $# = =? > = . * P/, ;/ 4 / ! ! . 5 $ U< % Y9 8 U T H 7 Q 5 2 () ;<6/ . <!NO PC !4 A)E $ U< 7 :8 U = = 7 S 5 %!$ = ! 7 R ) .< YY 8 U \ T . www.elsevier.com/locate/paid. Cheung, P., - # - 5 ! P S =5 /9 % General Health Questionnarire. Social Psychiatry ! and Psychiatric .5 ! ; "% ;7 B .< .P% @ Reliability and U" . - ). Growing up giffted. Cotumbus, F "# Effects of a memory strategy on second-graders performance and 5 /9 ! "-$ ;AW N/ U< : 8 U Ta )M F . 5"L R # . -7 4 @ M! " .< - 6 - "! @ ! Morgan, V., & Jink, J. = <Y Y9 8 Ud Ub T Kc % 85 / 8U T M JS U< 8 Ue T . 8"/9 I 0!0O $ 7 6 2 U< YY 8 U T f3 .J 7 A .J7 A Tg )1 U 5 UD / . 7 "S .U ;%S . 3 7 5 .? http:// www.elsevier.com/locate/paid. YY 8 U $8 ;$ Z % 5 "/89 . / . "L . F "7 P: stress process, self-efficacy expectations and psychological health. Personality and Individual @ 5 2 ;7 B U< = * The 74 2 ) )/ V % T U T -c - 8"/9 $ 5 ;/ 0/ = 7 X) ) [ 7 > 5"L R # ) 9 Percived self-efficacy in cognitive academic self-efficacy. An Inventory Scale. Journal development and functioning. Educational Psy- of Educational Psychology. * chology, - # ! $ form http ://www.sciencedirect.com Pajares, F. & Self efficacy ( ), "- % Human agency in social beliefs and mathematical problem solving of gifted student. cognitive theory. American Psychologist, % ! " - / Winter. . Children perceived Journal of Iranian Psychologists - . Development. Scottsdle, Az, Us: Great Potention Press. Differences. * ) 9@ . <!NO U T &2 2 TU] T ;)C ! 4 /9 environment. National Research Sympsium on Talent ` % ;/ " +8"/9 U< .+"2J ! gifted : A study of optical illusions and optimal Karademas, E. C., & Kalantiz, A. A. = . . U ;%S :8 U T <!NO PC !4 = ^% Q 5 2 () =? > & = 8"/9 1 . ). Ability grouping self-esteem, and the ! YY8 U T /)/_ $ U< Exceptionary gifted children. ! London and New York : Routledge Press. % )Q . 7%2 ;V "Q $ "Q U" H/ ;G$ . self-efficacy. Contemporary Educational Psychology, % = . * $ T ) & 'E@ "Q 5 ! 7 = C 2 5 $ "Q U< ;<6/ .+"2J! 5 8 Ohio : Merrill PublishingCompany. ! YY 8 U <!NO PC !4 = @ Y 8U]T $ U< "Q T$ 8"/9 1 T &2/7 ;<6/ .(GHQ) /"%E . * dispositional tendencies. Personality and Individual - !4 5 :7 / -H IJE =I B KL"/ M! $ ;G$ bution of self-efficacy believes to psychosocial Differences * $% Y! 8 UZ T& 1 [ 7 4 . "7 ;/ "# . 7 AD AD ;/,E The contri- outcomes in adolescence predicting beyond global $ U< A)E = 7 7 4 Caprara, G. V., Barbaranelli, C., Pastorelli, C., Cervone, D., & Pastorelli. C. ! ) " * + ,* - ! Educational Psychology, Pintrich, P. R., & De Groot, ( ) ). Motivational Pintrich (Eds), Advances in motivation and achieve- ! -$ ment. Green Wich, ct : JAI Press. ). Determiants of coping the role of and Social Psychology ( Current directions in self-efficacy academic performance. Journal of Educational Psy- stable and situational factor. Journal of Personality œ - $. research : Emory University in M. Maeher & P. R. Terry. D. R Pajares, F. , and self regulated learning componets of classroom schology ! Contemporary Educational Psychology, !% - Pajares, F., & Miller , M. ' Roles of self efficacy and self-concept belif in mathematical problem solving a path analysis. Journal of $% "# ! $# ( &$ ' Journal of Iranian Psychologists - / Winter. MLL
© Copyright 2026 Paperzz