Atlas of eHealth
country profiles
The use of eHealth in support
of universal health coverage
Based on the findings of the
third global survey on eHealth 2015
Global Observatory for eHealth
WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
Atlas of eHealth country profiles: the use of eHealth in support of universal health coverage: based on the
findings of the third global survey on eHealth 2015.
1.Medical Informatics. 2.Information Technology. 3.Telemedicine – trends. 4.Universal
Coverage. 5.Data collection. I.WHO Global Observatory for eHealth.
ISBN 978 92 4 156521 9
(NLM classification: W 26.5)
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Printed by the WHO Document Production Services, Geneva, Switzerland
Atlas of eHealth
country profiles
The use of eHealth in support
of universal health coverage
Based on the findings of the
third global survey on eHealth 2015
2015
Global Observatory for eHealth
Acknowledgments
The production of this Atlas would not have been possible without the input of many eHealth experts
and the support of the numerous colleagues at the World Health Organization headquarters, regional
and country offices.
Our sincere gratitude goes to over 600 eHealth experts in 125 countries worldwide who helped shape
the results by sharing their knowledge through completing the 2015 global survey on eHealth. We
are also indebted to an extensive network of eHealth professionals and WHO staff who assisted with
the design and implementation of the survey. The WHO eHealth focal points in six WHO regions
played an important role in encouraging Member States to participate therefore ensuring a high
response rate of 64% for the survey. eHealth focal points include Housseynou Ba, Hani Farouk,
Clayton Hamilton, Mark Landry, David Novillo and Miguel Peixoto.
Special thanks go to Mohamed Nour (WHO Eastern Mediterranean Office) and Katharine Shelley
(consultant) for their expert processing and analysis of the survey data. The GOe wishes to
acknowledge its gratitude for the ongoing support and advice from Joan Dzenowagis, Diana Zandi
and Ed Kelley (WHO Geneva).
Our appreciation to Jillian Reichenbach Ott, Genève Design, for her design and layout, and Kai
Lashley, Further Consulting, for technical editing.
The global survey and this Atlas were prepared by the WHO Global Observatory for eHealth under
the management of Misha Kay.
Photo credits: © iStock photos
iv
Table of contents
Acknowledgments .
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iv
A guide to the country profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Background .
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5
Methodological considerations .
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6
Quality assurance . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Presentation of secondary data . . . . . . . . . . . 6
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9
.
9
Overview of country profiles .
Introduction .
1.
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eHealth foundations . .
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. . . . . . . . . . . 9
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth . . . . . . . . . . 10
3. Telehealth .
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4. Electronic health records . .
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10
. . . . . . . . . 11
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences . . . . . . . . . 11
6. mHealth
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11
7. Social media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
8. Big data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
. Country profiles
Afghanistan
12
Belarus
42
Albania
15
Belgium
45
Algeria
18
Benin
48
Argentina
21
Bhutan
51
Armenia
24
Bosnia and Herzegovina
54
Australia
27
Botswana
57
Austria
30
Bulgaria
60
Azerbaijan
33
Burkina Faso
63
Bahrain
36
Burundi
66
Bangladesh
39
Cabo Verde
69
1
2
Cambodia
72
Kazakhstan
186
Canada
75
Kenya
189
Central African Republic
78
Kiribati
192
Chile
81
Kyrgyzstan
195
China
84
Lao People's Democratic Republic
198
Colombia
87
Latvia
201
Comoros
90
Lebanon
204
Costa Rica
93
Lesotho
207
Cote D'Ivoire
96
Lithuania
210
Croatia
99
Luxembourg
213
Cuba
102
Madagascar
216
Cyprus
105
Malawi
219
Czech Republic
108
Malaysia
222
Democratic People's Republic of Korea 111
Maldives
225
Denmark
114
Mali
228
Dominican Republic
117
Malta
231
El Salvador
120
Mauritania
234
Equatorial Guinea
123
Mexico
237
Estonia
126
Mongolia
240
Ethiopia
129
Montenegro
243
Finland
132
Morocco
246
Gambia
135
Netherlands
249
Georgia
138
New Zealand
252
Ghana
141
Niger
255
Greece
144
Norway
258
Guatemala
147
Oman
261
Guinea-Bissau
150
Pakistan
264
Honduras
153
Panama
267
Hungary
156
Paraguay
270
Iceland
159
Peru
273
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
162
Philippines
276
Iraq
165
Poland
279
Ireland
168
Portugal
282
Israel
171
Qatar
285
Italy
174
Republic of Moldova
288
Jamaica
177
Romania
291
Japan
180
Russian Federation
294
Jordan
183
Rwanda
297
San Marino
300
Senegal
303
Serbia
306
Seychelles
309
Singapore
312
Slovenia
315
Somalia
318
South Africa
321
South Sudan
324
Spain
327
Sudan
330
Sweden
333
Switzerland
336
Syrian Arab Republic
339
Tajikistan
342
Timor-Leste
345
Trinidad and Tobago
348
Tunisia
351
Turkey
354
Turkmenistan
357
Uganda
360
Ukraine
363
United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland
366
United States of America
369
Uruguay
372
Uzbekistan
375
Viet Nam
378
Zambia
381
Zimbabwe
384
3
A guide to the
country profiles
Background
The third global survey on eHealth conducted by the WHO Global Observatory for eHealth (GOe)1 has
a special focus – the use of eHealth in support of universal health coverage. eHealth plays a vital role in
promoting universal health coverage in a variety of ways. For instance, it helps provide services to remote
populations and underserved communities through telehealth or mHealth. It facilitates the training of the
health workforce through the use of eLearning, and makes education more widely accessible especially
for those who are isolated. It enhances diagnosis and treatment by providing accurate and timely patient
information through electronic health records. And through the strategic use of ICT, it improves the
operations and financial efficiency of health care systems.
This Atlas presents data collected on 125 WHO Member States. The survey was undertaken by the
WHO Global Observatory for eHealth between April and August 2015 and represents the most current
The country survey tools may be downloaded from the following GOe website: http://www.who.int/goe.
All the country profiles can be accessed at http://www.who.int/goe/publications/en/.
1
Global Observatory for eHealth: http://www.who.int/goe
A guide to the country profiles
information on the use of eHealth in these countries.
5
Methodological considerations
A total of 125 WHO Member States, representing a 64% response rate, completed the survey, which is the
highest response rate for any GOe survey to date. The scope of the survey was broad; survey questions
covered diverse areas of eHealth, from electronic information systems to social media, to policy issues
and legal frameworks. The survey responses were based on self-reporting by a selected group of eHealth
experts for each participating country. While every effort was made by countries to select the best
national experts to complete the instrument, it was not possible to determine whether they had the
collective eHealth knowledge to answer each question. Similarly, while survey responses were checked
for consistency and accuracy, it was not possible to verify all responses to every question.
Quality assurance
Country profiles are intended to provide a ‘snapshot’ of the eHealth landscape according to selected
indicators. The Global Observatory for eHealth implemented a range of measures to assure quality.
The surveys received from participating countries were reviewed for completeness. External sources
of information were used for validation of the data and to resolve inconsistencies. Data were reviewed
before entry and after layout for publication.
Presentation of secondary data
The following indicators were selected for each country to complement the country profile information
and to provide the country context for the eHealth data. Indicators and their sources are included below.
1. Population in thousands (per 100 000 population). World population prospects: the 2015 revision.
Key findings and advance tables. New York: United Nations Population Division; 2015 (http://esa.
un.org/unpd/wpp/publications/files/key_findings_wpp_2015.pdf, accessed 27 November 2015).
2. Physician density (per 1 000 population). World health statistics. Geneva: World Health
Organization; 2012: (http://www.who.int/gho/publications/world_health_statistics/EN_WHS2012_
Full.pdf, accessed 27 November 2015).
3. Nurse and midwife density (per 10 000 population). World health statistics. Geneva: World Health
Organization; 2012: (http://www.who.int/gho/publications/world_health_statistics/EN_WHS2012_
Full.pdf, accessed 27 November 2015).
4. Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population).
European Region: European health for all database (HFA-DB). Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office
for Europe; 2015 (http://www.euro.who.int/en/data-and-evidence/databases/european-health-forall-database-hfa-db, accessed 27 November 2015).
Western Pacific Region: Western Pacific Region Countries and Areas. Manila: WHO Regional Office
for the Western Pacific; 2014 (http://www.wpro.who.int/countries/en, accessed 5 January 2016).
6
South-East Asia Region: South-East Asia Region Countries. New Delhi: WHO Regional Office for
South-East Asia; 2014 (http://www.searo.who.int/countries/en, accessed 5 January 2016).
Region of the Americas: Pan-American Health Organization Regional Core Health Data Initiative.
WHO Regional office for the Americas; 2014: (http://www1.paho.org/English/SHA/coredata/
tabulator/newTabulator.htm, accessed 5 January 2016).
5. Life expectancy at birth (years). WHO Mortality Database. Geneva: World Health Organization;
2014 (http://apps.who.int/healthinfo/statistics/mortality/whodpms, accessed 28 November 2015).
6. Gross national income (GNI) per capita (international $) . World development indicators.
Washington DC, World Bank: 2014 (http://data.worldbank.org, accessed 28 November 2015).
7. Total health expenditure (% GDP). World health statistics. Geneva: World Health Organization;
2010 (http://www.who.int/whosis/whostat/2010/en, accessed 28 November 2015).
8. ICT Development Index rank. Measuring the information society. Geneva: International
Telecommunication Union; 2014: (https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/publications/
mis2014/MIS2014_without_Annex_4.pdf, accessed 28 November 2015).
9. Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% inhabitants). ICT-Eye: key ICT data and statistics. Geneva:
International Telecommunication Union; 2014 (http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ICTEYE/Indicators/
Indicators.aspx, accessed 28 November 2015).
A guide to the country profiles
10.Internet users (% of individuals). ICT-Eye: key ICT data and statistics. Geneva: International
Telecommunication Union; 2014 (http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ICTEYE/Indicators/Indicators.aspx,
accessed 28 November 2015).
7
Overview of
country profiles
Introduction
The data are grouped by eight eHealth themes covered by the 2015 global survey. Each grouping is
intended to give the reader an overview of the eHealth landscape in individual countries in 2015 for each
particular theme. For the most comprehensive overview, however, it is recommended that responses
to all the themes be considered together as this will provide the most complete picture of the eHealth
landscape.
Country context
These indicators are included to provide the reader with the context and background for the eHealth
work being performed in the country. The country context shows indicators of population size, economic
status, life expectancy, availability of health-related human resources (e.g. health-care worker), bed
the country and that can be used to compare countries.
1.
eHealth foundations
A selection of some of the fundamental building blocks required to create an enabling environment for
eHealth are listed in this section. This includes a selection of indicators on eHealth-related policies or
strategies, funding, multilingualism and capacity building. Data are reported by the individual “country
Overview of country profiles
density and some high-level ICT indicators. Together they form a package of indicators that both describe
9
response” (yes, no or don’t know), “global yes response”, which is the average “yes” response to each
indicator across all countries (expressed as a percentage), and “year adopted” for the particular indicator
in the case of national policies/strategies and multilingualism. The former represent the level of planning
and action around the use of eHealth in the country’s health system. The other indicators of this section
are described below.
Funding sources is a vital indicator of the level of financial support available for eHealth; the survey
provides four funding options. As above, the answers are expressed as “country response” and “global
yes response”; it has an additional measurement for the level of funding: no funding, low <25%, medium
<50%, high <75% and very high >75%.
The survey also included a section on multilingualism as it reflects a government’s commitment to
inclusion of linguistic minorities in the country with respect to eHealth activities. The indicators show
policy or strategy support as well as practical support in building multilingual Internet sites.
eHealth capacity building is another significant indicator as it shows whether students or professionals
are receiving training in preparation for their exposure to eHealth in clinical settings. The “proportion” of
students receiving training is expressed in the same was as for the funding sources above: no funding, low
<25%, medium <50%, high <75% and very high >75%.
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
This group of indicators reports on the policy and legislative environment of eHealth in a country. It is
measured by a series of 13 indicators which essentially aim to show the degree of protection and control
that individuals have of their health-related data in a digital environment. Indicator data includes “country
response” as well as “global yes response”.
3. Telehealth
Telehealth is probably one of the most well-known and best established of all eHealth services. This
section reports on the operations of five of the most common telehealth programmes globally and what
level of the health system they are operating at as well as the type of programme.
Health system levels include:
International level – health entities in other countries in the world
Regional level – health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level – referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly public, but also private)
Intermediate level, covering district or provincial facilities – public, private for-profit and private
not-for-profit (e.g. religious) hospitals and health centres
Local or peripheral level – health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
10
Types of programmes include:
Informal – use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal processes and policies
Pilot – testing and evaluating a programme
Established – an ongoing programme that has been conducted for a minimum of 2 years and is
planned to continue.
4. Electronic health records
This section of the country profile provides an overview of the state of adoption of Electronic Health
Records (EHRs) in the country. It identifies whether the country has introduced a national EHR system and if
there is legislation governing its use. It identifies at what level of the health system the EHRs are being used
(primary, secondary or tertiary) and what proportion (%) of the facilities are using the records. It further
identifies other electronic systems that the EHR system is linked to and shows the “global yes response”
for each option. Finally it lists ICT-assisted systems, the “country response” and the “global yes response”.
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
The scope of the application of eLearning for pre-service education of health sciences students as well
as in-service training for health professionals is covered in this section. The faculties or professions which
can benefit from eLearning techniques for training are identified along with the “country response” as
well as the “global yes response”.
6. mHealth
This section aims to present a country overview of the mHealth activities being conducted by category of
mHealth programme, “health system level” and “programme type” – as described above in Telehealth.
7. Social media
The social media profile reports its policy or strategy status and year of adoption. It further lists the use of
social media by health care organizations as well as by individuals and communities. Each response has a
8. Big data
This section asks preliminary questions on whether policies or strategies have been adopted by
governments to govern the use of big data (i.e. very large data sets) in the health sector or by private
companies.
Overview of country profiles
corresponding “country response” and “global yes response”.
11
Country
context*
Afghanistan
Population (000s)
30,552
Life expectancy at birth (years)
61
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
2,000
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
8.1
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
0.27
ICT Development Index rank
—
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
0.50
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
4
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
60.35
Internet users (% population)
5.5
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
—
—
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
N/A
N/A
‡
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
No
Yes
Yes
—
77%
40%
63%
42%
Zero
<25%
50-75%
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
Yes
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
<25%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
No
46%
No
78%
No
54%
—
34%
—
22%
No
39%
—
29%
—
32%
—
18%
—
28%
Yes
—
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
12
WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
National
National
National
Established
Established
‡
Established
Established
Country response
Year introduced
‡
‡
‡
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
13
Afghanistan
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
Local
Intermediate
National, Intermediate, Local
National
‡
‡
Pilot
Informal
Informal
Pilot
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
‡
‡
National
Pilot
Established
‡
‡
Pilot
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
—
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
—
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
No
17%
8%
‡
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
14
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Albania
Population (000s)
3,173
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
10,520
Life expectancy at birth (years)
74
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
5.9
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
1.15
ICT Development Index rank
80
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
3.85
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
28
110.69
Internet users (% population)
54.7
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
No
No
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
2013
N/A
N/A
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
—
Yes
No
77%
40%
63%
42%
Zero
Zero
<25%
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
—
No
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
No
No
74%
77%
N/A
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
—
31%
—
46%
Yes
78%
No
54%
No
34%
No
22%
No
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
—
—
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
15
WHO European Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
National
National
‡
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
‡
Country response
Year introduced
Yes
Yes
2015
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
Yes
>75%
Yes
>75%
Yes
>75%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
No
No
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
—
No
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
16
Albania
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
National
National
‡
‡
‡
‡
Pilot
Pilot
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
National
‡
‡
‡
‡
Pilot
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
‡
‡
Pilot
‡
‡
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
18%
2013
No
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
17
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Algeria
Population (000s)
39,208
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
12,990
Life expectancy at birth (years)
72
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
6.6
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
1.21
ICT Development Index rank
106
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
1.95
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
97.95
Internet users (% population)
15.2
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
17
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
No
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
1974
N/A
2014
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
77%
40%
63%
42%
>75%
Zero
<25%
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
Yes
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
50-75%
50-75%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
No
46%
—
78%
No
54%
—
34%
—
22%
—
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
—
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
18
WHO African Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
‡
Intermediate
‡
‡
Established
‡
Established
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
19
Algeria
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
‡
‡
‡
‡
Established
Established
‡
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
International
Local
National
National
Established
Established
Established
Established
Established
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
No
No
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
—
Yes
—
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
20
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Argentina
Population (000s)
41,446
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
—
Life expectancy at birth (years)
76
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
7.3
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
3.86
ICT Development Index rank
53
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
0.48
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
45
151.91
Internet users (% population)
55.8
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
75%
58%
66%
22%
2005
2014
2007
2010
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
77%
40%
63%
42%
50-75%
Zero
<25%
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
25-50%
25-50%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
Yes
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
Yes
34%
Yes
22%
Yes
39%
‡
29%
Yes
32%
Yes
18%
Yes
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
21
WHO Region of the Americas
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
Health system level**
Programme type**
Reg, Nat, Intm, Loc
‡
National, Intermediate, Local
‡
‡
Informal, Pilot
‡
Informal, Pilot, Established
‡
‡
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
22
Argentina
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Health system level**
Programme type**
Reg, Nat, Intm, Loc
Reg, Nat, Intm, Loc
Regional, Intermediate, Local
National
Intermediate
Intermediate, Local
Established
Established
Informal, Pilot
Established
Established
Informal, Pilot, Established
Health system level**
Programme type**
Regional, Intermediate, Local
All
Local
Local
Local
Established
Established
Pilot, Established
Pilot, Established
Informal
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
Health system level**
Programme type**
Regional, Local
Intermediate
‡
Pilot, Established
Pilot
‡
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
No
17%
8%
2009
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
23
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Armenia
Population (000s)
2,977
Life expectancy at birth (years)
71
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
8,140
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
4.5
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
2.70
ICT Development Index rank
74
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
4.83
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
37
111.91
Internet users (% population)
39.2
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
75%
58%
66%
22%
2012
2012
2010
2010
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
No
Yes
Yes
No
77%
40%
63%
42%
Zero
Zero
<25%
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
Yes
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
No
74%
77%
50-75%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
No
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
No
34%
No
22%
Yes
39%
No
29%
—
32%
No
18%
No
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
24
WHO European Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
Health system level**
Programme type**
All
Local
Intermediate, Local
‡
Intermediate, Local
Pilot
Informal
Informal, Pilot
‡
Informal, Pilot
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
—
No
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
25
Armenia
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
Regional, Intermediate, Local
Local
Local
Intermediate, Local
‡
National, Intermediate
Established
Informal
Informal
Pilot
‡
Informal
Accessing/providing health information
Health system level**
Programme type**
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
‡
Local
Intermediate, Local
‡
Local
‡
Informal
Informal, Pilot, Established
‡
Informal
Collecting health information
Health system level**
Programme type**
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
Local
Intermediate, Local
‡
Informal
Informal, Pilot
‡
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
—
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
—
—
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
26
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Australia
Population (000s)
23,343
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
42,540
Life expectancy at birth (years)
83
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
9.4
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
3.27
ICT Development Index rank
11
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
10.65
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
38
105.59
Internet users (% population)
82.3
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
No
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
2008
2008
N/A
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
No
No
No
77%
40%
63%
42%
>75%
Zero
Zero
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
N/A
Yes
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
25-50%
50-75%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
31%
Yes
46%
‡
78%
Yes
54%
Yes
34%
Yes
22%
Yes
39%
Yes
29%
Yes
32%
Yes
18%
Yes
28%
No
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
27
WHO Western Pacific Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
‡
‡
National
‡
Pilot
‡
‡
Established
‡
Country response
Year introduced
Yes
Yes
2012
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
Yes
25-50%
Yes
25-50%
Yes
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
Yes
No
No
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
—
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
28
Australia
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Health system level**
Programme type**
Regional, National, Local
National
‡
‡
‡
‡
Established
Established
‡
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
‡
National
‡
‡
Established
‡
Established
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
18%
2013
—
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
—
—
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
—
—
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
Yes
17%
8%
N/A
‡
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
29
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Austria
Population (000s)
8,495
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
43,840
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
3.38
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
9.38
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
77
Life expectancy at birth (years)
81
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
11
ICT Development Index rank
21
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
—
Internet users (% population)
81
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
N/A
N/A
2008
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
Yes
No
No
77%
40%
63%
42%
>75%
<25%
Zero
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
Yes
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
<25%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
Yes
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
Yes
34%
No
22%
—
39%
Yes
29%
Yes
32%
Yes
18%
Yes
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
30
WHO European Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
Health system level**
Programme type**
Intermediate, Local
‡
Local
‡
Intermediate
Informal, Established
‡
‡
‡
Informal, Pilot
Country response
Year introduced
Yes
Yes
2015
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
Yes
<25%
Yes
50-75%
Yes
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
—
—
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
31
Austria
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
Intermediate
Local
‡
Intermediate
Local
Established
Established
Informal
‡
Informal
Informal
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
‡
‡
Informal
‡
‡
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
—
—
—
—
—
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
32
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Azerbaijan
Population (000s)
9,413
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
16,180
Life expectancy at birth (years)
72
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
5.6
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
3.40
ICT Development Index rank
61
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
6.54
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
75
108.77
Internet users (% population)
54.2
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
‡
2010
2010
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
77%
40%
63%
42%
50-75%
<25%
<25%
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
Yes
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
No
74%
77%
<25%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
No
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
No
34%
No
22%
No
39%
No
29%
‡
32%
—
18%
No
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
33
WHO European Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
Yes
Yes
2007
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
Yes
50-75%
Yes
25-50%
No
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
No
Yes
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
34
Azerbaijan
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
‡
International, Regional,
National
‡
‡
Established
Established
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
National
National
‡
‡
‡
‡
Pilot
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
‡
‡
‡
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
—
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
35
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Bahrain
Population (000s)
1,332
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
36,140
Life expectancy at birth (years)
77
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
4.9
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
0.92
ICT Development Index rank
39
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
2.37
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
18
161.17
Internet users (% population)
88
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
‡
‡
‡
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
No
No
‡
77%
40%
63%
42%
>75%
‡
Zero
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
‡
28%
48%
2011
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
<25%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
31%
Yes
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
‡
34%
‡
22%
No
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
‡
‡
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
36
WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
National
National
Local
Established
Pilot
Pilot
Informal
Established
Country response
Year introduced
Yes
‡
‡
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
No
N/A
No
N/A
No
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
No
No
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
‡
‡
‡
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
No
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
37
Bahrain
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
Intermediate
‡
‡
‡
Established
Established
Informal
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
Intermediate
‡
Intermediate
‡
Informal
Established
‡
Established
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
National
‡
‡
Informal
‡
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
18%
2014
No
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
‡
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
‡
‡
17%
8%
‡
‡
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
38
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Bangladesh
Population (000s)
156,595
Life expectancy at birth (years)
71
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
2,810
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
3.7
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
0.36
ICT Development Index rank
135
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
0.22
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
3
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
—
Internet users (% population)
6.3
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
2012
2015
2011
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
77%
40%
63%
42%
25-50%
25-50%
25-50%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
N/A
Yes
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
<25%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
No
46%
Yes
78%
No
54%
No
34%
No
22%
—
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
39
WHO South-East Asia Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
Health system level**
Programme type**
Intl, Reg, Nat, Intm
National, Intermediate
National, Intermediate
National, Intermediate
International
Pilot, Established
Pilot
Pilot
‡
Pilot
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
No
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
40
Bangladesh
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
Reg, Nat, Intm, Loc
Intermediate, Local
Reg, Nat, Intm, Loc
National, Intermediate, Local
Reg, Nat, Intm, Loc
‡
Established
Pilot
Established
Established
Established
Accessing/providing health information
Health system level**
Programme type**
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Reg, Nat, Intm, Loc
Reg, Nat, Intm, Loc
National
Reg, Nat, Intm, Loc
Local
Established
Established
‡
Pilot, Established
Established
Health system level**
Programme type**
National, Intermediate, Local
Reg, Nat, Intm, Loc
Reg, Nat, Intm, Loc
Established
Established
Established
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
18%
2015
No
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
41
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Belarus
Population (000s)
9,357
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
16,940
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
3.93
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
10.64
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
111
Life expectancy at birth (years)
72
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
6.1
ICT Development Index rank
41
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
—
Internet users (% population)
46.9
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
No
No
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
1993
N/A
N/A
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
No
Yes
No
77%
40%
63%
42%
<25%
Zero
<25%
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
—
Yes
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
>75%
>75%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
No
46%
Yes
78%
No
54%
No
34%
No
22%
No
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
Yes
—
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
42
WHO European Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
Health system level**
Programme type**
Intermediate
‡
‡
‡
‡
Informal
‡
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
Yes
No
2005
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
Yes
25-50%
Yes
25-50%
Yes
25-50%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
43
Belarus
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
Intermediate
Intermediate
‡
‡
‡
‡
Informal
Informal
‡
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
Local
‡
National
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
Intermediate
‡
‡
Informal
‡
‡
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
No
No
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
44
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Belgium
Population (000s)
11,104
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
40,280
Life expectancy at birth (years)
80
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
11.2
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
3.78
ICT Development Index rank
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
16.76
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
65
25
111.33
Internet users (% population)
82
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
1944
2013
2008
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
77%
40%
63%
42%
>75%
<25%
Zero
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
28%
48%
1919
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
<25%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
Yes
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
Yes
34%
No
22%
No
39%
No
29%
Yes
32%
No
18%
Yes
28%
No
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
45
WHO European Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
Local
Local
Local
Local
Established
Established
Established
Established
Established
Country response
Year introduced
Yes
Yes
2008
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
Yes
50-75%
Yes
>75%
Yes
>75%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
46
Belgium
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
Local
Local
Local
National
Local
Established
Informal
Established
Established
Informal
Pilot
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
Local
National
Local
National
Informal
Informal
Pilot, Established
Informal
Pilot
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
‡
‡
Established
‡
‡
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
—
—
—
—
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
47
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Benin
Population (000s)
10,323
Life expectancy at birth (years)
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
1,780
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
4.6
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
0.06
ICT Development Index rank
143
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
0.77
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
5
59
83.65
Internet users (% population)
3.8
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
75%
58%
66%
22%
2008
N/A
1985
2012
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
No
No
Yes
No
77%
40%
63%
42%
Zero
Zero
<25%
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
No
No
74%
77%
N/A
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
No
46%
Yes
78%
No
54%
No
34%
No
22%
No
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
48
WHO African Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
‡
International
‡
‡
Established
‡
Established
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
49
Benin
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
‡
Intermediate
‡
‡
Established
Established
‡
Pilot
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
International, Regional,
National
‡
‡
National
Established
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
National
‡
‡
Pilot
‡
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
Informal
‡
‡
Pilot
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
Yes
No
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
50
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Bhutan
Population (000s)
754
Life expectancy at birth (years)
68
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
7,210
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
3.6
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
0.26
ICT Development Index rank
118
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
0.98
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
75.61
Internet users (% population)
25.4
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
18
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
2010
2014
2010
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
No
Yes
No
77%
40%
63%
42%
25-50%
Zero
<25%
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
No
74%
77%
50-75%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
No
46%
Yes
78%
No
54%
No
34%
No
22%
No
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
No
No
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
51
WHO South-East Asia Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
52
Bhutan
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
‡
‡
National
‡
Established
Established
‡
‡
Established
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
—
No
Yes
—
—
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
53
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Population (000s)
3,829
Life expectancy at birth (years)
77
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
9,820
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
9.6
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
1.93
ICT Development Index rank
67
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
5.60
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
34
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
87.57
Internet users (% population)
65.4
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
No
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
No
Yes
No
77%
40%
63%
42%
<25%
Zero
<25%
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
Yes
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
<25%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
No
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
No
34%
No
22%
No
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
54
WHO European Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
‡
‡
‡
‡
Established
‡
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
Yes
Yes
‡
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
Yes
25-50%
No
N/A
No
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
Yes
No
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
—
No
No
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
No
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
55
Bosnia and Herzegovina
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
Local
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Informal
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
‡
Local
‡
‡
Pilot
‡
Pilot
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
‡
‡
Pilot
‡
‡
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
‡
Yes
‡
‡
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
56
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Botswana
Population (000s)
2,021
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
15,500
Life expectancy at birth (years)
64
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
5.4
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
0.40
ICT Development Index rank
108
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
3.35
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
18
153.79
Internet users (% population)
11.5
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
No
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
2012
N/A
2003
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
‡
‡
‡
‡
77%
40%
63%
42%
‡
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
‡
‡
28%
48%
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
‡
‡
74%
77%
‡
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
Yes
46%
No
78%
Yes
54%
No
34%
No
22%
Yes
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
57
WHO African Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
National
Local
Local
Established
Established
Pilot
Established
Pilot
Country response
Year introduced
Yes
No
2004
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
No
N/A
Yes
>75%
Yes
>75%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
58
Botswana
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
Intermediate
National
National
Intermediate
National
Regional
Established
Informal
Established
Informal
Established
Established
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
Intermediate
National
Local
National
Established
Established
Established
Informal
Established
Health system level**
Programme type**
Intermediate
Regional
Regional
Informal
Pilot
Informal
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
59
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Bulgaria
Population (000s)
7,223
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
15,200
Life expectancy at birth (years)
75
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
7.6
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
3.87
ICT Development Index rank
46
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
4.78
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
66
148.13
Internet users (% population)
55.1
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
No
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
1999
2014
N/A
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
No
Yes
No
77%
40%
63%
42%
<25%
Zero
<25%
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
N/A
N/A
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
25-50%
25-50%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
No
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
Yes
34%
—
22%
No
39%
Yes
29%
Yes
32%
Yes
18%
Yes
28%
Yes
No
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
60
WHO European Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
‡
Local
‡
Local
Informal
‡
Informal
‡
Informal
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
—
No
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
61
Bulgaria
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
Local
Local
Local
National
Local
Informal
Informal
Informal
Informal
Established
Pilot
Accessing/providing health information
Health system level**
Programme type**
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
National
Intl, Reg, Nat, Intm
Local
Local
‡
Pilot
Established
Informal
Informal
‡
Collecting health information
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
Local
‡
‡
Informal
‡
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
—
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
—
—
—
—
—
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
—
—
—
—
—
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
62
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Burkina Faso
Population (000s)
16,935
Life expectancy at birth (years)
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
1,560
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
6.4
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
0.05
ICT Development Index rank
154
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
0.57
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
4
59
60.61
Internet users (% population)
3.7
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
N/A
N/A
2010
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
No
Yes
No
77%
40%
63%
42%
<25%
Zero
50-75%
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
No
No
74%
77%
N/A
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
No
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
No
34%
No
22%
Yes
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
No
No
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
63
WHO African Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
64
Burkina Faso
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
Local
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Pilot
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
Local
International
Local
‡
‡
Pilot
Informal
Pilot
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
Local
‡
‡
Pilot
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
No
No
No
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
65
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Burundi
Population (000s)
10,163
Life expectancy at birth (years)
56
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
820
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
8
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
0.03
ICT Development Index rank
—
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
0.19
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
19
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
22.81
Internet users (% population)
1.2
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
N/A
N/A
2011
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
77%
40%
63%
42%
<25%
<25%
50-75%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
N/A
No
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
No
Yes
74%
77%
N/A
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
No
46%
Yes
78%
No
54%
No
34%
No
22%
No
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
Yes
No
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
66
WHO African Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
‡
‡
‡
‡
Informal
Informal
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
No
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
67
Burundi
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Health system level**
Programme type**
National, Intermediate, Local
National, Intermediate, Local
National, Intermediate, Local
Intermediate, Local
National
National, Intermediate, Local
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Informal
Pilot
Pilot
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Health system level**
Programme type**
National, Intermediate, Local
National
‡
‡
‡
Informal
Established
Informal
Informal
Informal
Health system level**
Programme type**
National, Intermediate
National
National, Intermediate
Informal
Established
Established
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
No
No
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
No
No
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
68
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Cabo Verde
Population (000s)
499
Life expectancy at birth (years)
75
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
6,220
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
4.4
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
0.31
ICT Development Index rank
96
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
0.56
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
21
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
86.03
Internet users (% population)
34.7
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
75%
58%
66%
22%
2005
2007
2007
2012
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
77%
40%
63%
42%
50-75%
Zero
<25%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
28%
48%
2012
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
>75%
25-50%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
No
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
No
34%
No
22%
Yes
39%
No
29%
No
32%
‡
18%
No
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
69
WHO African Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
‡
National
National
Established
Established
‡
Established
Established
Country response
Year introduced
Yes
No
2005
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
Yes
25-50%
Yes
50-75%
Yes
50-75%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
70
Cabo Verde
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
National
National
‡
‡
Pilot
Pilot
Established
Established
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
National
National
National
National
‡
Established
Established
Established
Established
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
National
National
‡
Established
Established
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
18%
2010
Yes
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
—
17%
8%
1998
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
71
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Cambodia
Population (000s)
15,135
Life expectancy at birth (years)
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
2,890
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
7.5
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
0.17
ICT Development Index rank
120
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
0.79
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
—
73
128.53
Internet users (% population)
4.9
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
N/A
N/A
2008
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
No
—
Yes
—
77%
40%
63%
42%
Zero
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
N/A
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
No
46%
No
78%
No
54%
No
34%
No
22%
No
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
72
WHO Western Pacific Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
National
‡
‡
‡
‡
Pilot
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
Yes
No
2011
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
Yes
<25%
Yes
<25%
Yes
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
—
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
73
Cambodia
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Health system level**
Programme type**
National, Intermediate, Local
Reg, Nat, Intm, Loc
National, Intermediate, Local
National, Intermediate, Local
National, Intermediate, Local
National, Intermediate, Local
Established
Pilot
Pilot
Informal
Informal
Pilot
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Health system level**
Programme type**
National, Intermediate, Local
National, Intermediate, Local
National, Intermediate, Local
‡
‡
Pilot
Established
Pilot
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
National, Intermediate, Local
National, Intermediate, Local
National, Intermediate, Local
Pilot
Pilot
Established
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
—
—
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
—
—
—
—
—
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
74
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Canada
Population (000s)
35,182
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
42,610
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
2.07
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
9.29
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
32
Life expectancy at birth (years)
82
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
10.9
ICT Development Index rank
20
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
80.05
Internet users (% population)
86.8
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
No
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
1970
2000
N/A
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
Yes
—
—
77%
40%
63%
42%
>75%
<25%
‡
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
N/A
Yes
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
50-75%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
31%
Yes
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
Yes
34%
Yes
22%
Yes
39%
Yes
29%
Yes
32%
No
18%
No
28%
Yes
No
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
75
WHO Region of the Americas
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
Health system level**
Programme type**
Intermediate, Local
Intermediate, Local
Intermediate, Local
Intermediate, Local
Intermediate, Local
Pilot, Established
Established
Pilot, Established
Pilot, Established
Pilot, Established
Country response
Year introduced
Yes
No
2001
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
Yes
50-75%
Yes
>75%
Yes
>75%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
76
Canada
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Health system level**
Programme type**
National, Intermediate, Local
National, Intermediate, Local
Intermediate, Local
National, Intermediate, Local
Local
Intermediate, Local
Informal, Established
Informal, Established
Informal, Pilot, Established
Pilot, Established
Informal
Informal, Pilot, Established
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Health system level**
Programme type**
Reg, Nat, Intm, Loc
National, Local
Local
National, Intermediate, Local
National, Local
Pilot, Established
Pilot, Established
Established
Informal, Pilot, Established
Established
Collecting health information
Health system level**
Programme type**
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
Intermediate, Local
Intermediate
National, Local
Pilot, Established
Pilot
Pilot
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
18%
2013
No
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
77
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Central African Republic
Population (000s)
4,616
Life expectancy at birth (years)
51
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
600
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
3.9
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
0.05
ICT Development Index rank
156
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
0.26
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
10
25.26
Internet users (% population)
3
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
No
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
No
No
No
No
77%
40%
63%
42%
Zero
Zero
Zero
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
No
No
74%
77%
N/A
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
No
46%
‡
78%
No
54%
No
34%
No
22%
No
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
—
—
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
78
WHO African Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
79
Central African Republic
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
National
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Pilot
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
—
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
80
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Chile
Population (000s)
17,620
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
21,030
Life expectancy at birth (years)
80
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
7.7
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
1.02
ICT Development Index rank
51
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
0.14
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
21
138.17
Internet users (% population)
61.4
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
2010
2014
2008
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
No
No
No
77%
40%
63%
42%
>75%
Zero
Zero
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
<25%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
31%
Yes
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
No
34%
No
22%
Yes
39%
Yes
29%
‡
32%
Yes
18%
No
28%
Yes
—
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
81
WHO Region of the Americas
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
‡
National
Local
Established
Established
‡
Informal
Informal
Country response
Year introduced
Yes
No
2008
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
Yes
50-75%
Yes
<25%
Yes
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
No
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
82
Chile
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
Local
‡
National
Local
Pilot
Established
Informal
‡
Established
Informal
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
National
‡
‡
‡
Informal
Established
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
—
—
—
—
—
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
83
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
China
Population (000s)
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
1,393,337 Life expectancy at birth (years)
11,850
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
1.49
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
1.66
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
42
75
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
5.6
ICT Development Index rank
78
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
80.76
Internet users (% population)
42.3
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
75%
58%
66%
22%
2009
2012
N/A
2013
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
77%
40%
63%
42%
25-50%
25-50%
<25%
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
No
28%
48%
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
>75%
25-50%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
No
46%
No
78%
No
54%
No
34%
No
22%
No
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
‡
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
84
WHO Western Pacific Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
Health system level**
Programme type**
Intermediate
Local
Local
Local
Local
Established
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Country response
Year introduced
Yes
No
2009
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
Yes
>75%
Yes
25-50%
Yes
50-75%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
85
China
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
Intermediate
Intermediate
Local
Local
National
Local
Established
Established
Pilot
Pilot
Established
Pilot
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
National
Intermediate
Local
Local
Pilot
Established
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
Intermediate
Intermediate
Pilot
Pilot
Established
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
86
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Colombia
Population (000s)
48,321
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
11,890
Life expectancy at birth (years)
78
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
6.8
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
1.47
ICT Development Index rank
77
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
0.62
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
10
102.85
Internet users (% population)
49
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
‡
‡
‡
Yes
75%
58%
66%
22%
‡
‡
‡
2010
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
‡
‡
‡
‡
77%
40%
63%
42%
‡
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
‡
‡
28%
48%
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
‡
‡
74%
77%
‡
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
31%
Yes
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
Yes
34%
Yes
22%
Yes
39%
Yes
29%
Yes
32%
No
18%
Yes
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
87
WHO Region of the Americas
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
Health system level**
Programme type**
National, Intermediate
National, Intermediate
National, Intermediate
National, Intermediate
National, Intermediate
Pilot, Established
Pilot, Established
Pilot, Established
Pilot, Established
Pilot, Established
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
No
No
No
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
88
Colombia
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Health system level**
Programme type**
National, Intermediate, Local
Local
National
Intermediate
National, Intermediate, Local
Intermediate
Established
Established
Established
Established
Established
Established
Accessing/providing health information
Health system level**
Programme type**
National, Intermediate
National
National, Intermediate
National, Intermediate
National, Intermediate
Established
Established
Established
Established
Pilot
Health system level**
Programme type**
National, Intermediate
National
National, Intermediate, Local
Established
Pilot, Established
Established
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
18%
2010
No
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
—
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
—
17%
8%
2007
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
89
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Comoros
Population (000s)
735
Life expectancy at birth (years)
62
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
1,560
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
5.8
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
0.15
ICT Development Index rank
138
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
0.74
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
22
39.51
Internet users (% population)
6
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
N/A
N/A
2015
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
No
No
No
No
77%
40%
63%
42%
Zero
Zero
Zero
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
No
No
74%
77%
N/A
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
No
46%
—
78%
No
54%
No
34%
No
22%
No
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
—
No
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
90
WHO African Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
91
Comoros
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
92
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Costa Rica
Population (000s)
4,872
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
13,570
Life expectancy at birth (years)
79
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
9.9
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
1.11
ICT Development Index rank
60
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
0.77
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
12
111.92
Internet users (% population)
47.5
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
75%
58%
66%
22%
1973
2012
2012
1996
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
No
Yes
No
77%
40%
63%
42%
>75%
Zero
<25%
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
25-50%
25-50%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
31%
Yes
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
Yes
34%
No
22%
No
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
Yes
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
93
WHO Region of the Americas
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
Health system level**
Programme type**
Intermediate
Intermediate
‡
Intermediate
‡
Established
Established
‡
Established
‡
Country response
Year introduced
Yes
Yes
2011
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
Yes
25-50%
Yes
<25%
Yes
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
94
Costa Rica
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
National
Intermediate
National
Intermediate
Established
Pilot
Established
Informal
Established
Pilot
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
Intermediate
National
Intermediate
Established
Pilot
Pilot
Established
Informal
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
National
‡
‡
Pilot
‡
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
17%
8%
1988
1988
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
95
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Cote D'Ivoire
Population (000s)
20,316
Life expectancy at birth (years)
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
2,900
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
5.7
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
0.14
ICT Development Index rank
137
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
0.48
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
4
53
91.23
Internet users (% population)
2.4
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
2012
2012
2010
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
77%
40%
63%
42%
<25%
<25%
<25%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
No
No
74%
77%
N/A
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
31%
Yes
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
No
34%
No
22%
No
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
96
WHO African Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
‡
‡
‡
‡
Pilot
‡
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
97
Cote D'Ivoire
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Health system level**
Programme type**
National, Intermediate, Local
National, Intermediate, Local
National, Intermediate, Local
‡
National, Intermediate, Local
National, Intermediate, Local
Established
Established
Established
‡
Established
Pilot
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
National, Intermediate, Local
‡
Local
‡
‡
Established
‡
Informal
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
‡
National, Intermediate, Local
Informal
‡
Established
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
98
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Croatia
Population (000s)
4,290
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
20,370
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
1.81
Life expectancy at birth (years)
78
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
7.3
ICT Development Index rank
38
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
—
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
54
Internet users (% population)
115.41
63
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
75%
58%
66%
22%
2012
2012
2010
2010
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
No
Yes
No
77%
40%
63%
42%
>75%
Zero
<25%
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
Yes
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
<25%
25-50%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
No
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
No
34%
No
22%
No
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
99
WHO European Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
Local
National
Local
Intermediate
Established
Informal
Informal
Informal
Informal
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
—
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
100
Croatia
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
‡
National
Local
Local
Intermediate
Established
‡
Informal
Pilot
Pilot
Informal
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
International, National
Local
‡
‡
‡
Informal
Pilot
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
No
No
No
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
101
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Cuba
Population (000s)
11,266
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
18,520
Life expectancy at birth (years)
78
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
8.8
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
6.72
ICT Development Index rank
111
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
9.05
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
14.92
Internet users (% population)
25.6
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
59
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
75%
58%
66%
22%
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
‡
Yes
No
77%
40%
63%
42%
‡
Zero
<25%
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
N/A
No
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
N/A
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
Yes
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
No
34%
No
22%
‡
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
102
WHO Region of the Americas
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
‡
Local
‡
Local
Pilot
‡
Pilot
‡
Pilot
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
No
No
No
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
No
No
No
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
103
Cuba
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
‡
‡
National
National
Established
Established
‡
‡
Established
Established
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
No
‡
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
—
No
No
No
No
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
—
17%
8%
‡
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
104
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Cyprus
Population (000s)
1,141
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
28,830
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
2.33
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
4.46
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
38
Life expectancy at birth (years)
82
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
7.4
ICT Development Index rank
45
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
98.40
Internet users (% population)
61
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
—
Yes
No
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
N/A
2013
N/A
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
No
Yes
No
77%
40%
63%
42%
>75%
Zero
<25%
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
28%
48%
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
25-50%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
‡
31%
‡
46%
‡
78%
‡
54%
‡
34%
‡
22%
‡
39%
‡
29%
‡
32%
‡
18%
‡
28%
—
—
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
105
WHO European Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
Regional
‡
‡
Local
Regional
Pilot
‡
‡
Pilot
Pilot
Country response
Year introduced
Yes
Yes
‡
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
Yes
‡
No
N/A
No
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
‡
‡
‡
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
No
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
106
Cyprus
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
‡
18%
‡
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
—
—
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
107
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Czech Republic
Population (000s)
10,702
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
25,530
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
3.51
Life expectancy at birth (years)
78
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
7.2
ICT Development Index rank
34
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
—
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
71
Internet users (% population)
126.85
75
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
No
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
2013
N/A
2002
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
—
—
Yes
77%
40%
63%
42%
<25%
Zero
Zero
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
N/A
N/A
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
—
74%
77%
25-50%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
No
46%
Yes
78%
No
54%
No
34%
No
22%
Yes
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
108
WHO European Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
‡
Local
Local
Local
Established
‡
Pilot
Established
Pilot
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
—
No
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
No
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
109
Czech Republic
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
Local
Local
Local
Intermediate
Local
Informal
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Established
Pilot
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
Intermediate
Local
Local
‡
Pilot
Established
Pilot
Established
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
‡
‡
Pilot
‡
‡
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
—
No
No
No
No
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
—
Yes
—
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
110
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Democratic People's Republic of Korea
Population (000s)
24,895
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
—
Life expectancy at birth (years)
70
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
—
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
3.29
ICT Development Index rank
1
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
4.12
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
132
Internet users (% population)
6.87
—
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
75%
58%
66%
22%
1952
2014
2008
2008
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
No
Yes
No
77%
40%
63%
42%
‡
Zero
<25%
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
‡
28%
48%
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
N/A
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
Yes
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
No
34%
‡
22%
—
39%
No
29%
‡
32%
‡
18%
‡
28%
Yes
‡
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
111
WHO South-East Asia Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
‡
‡
‡
National
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
—
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
112
Democratic People's Republic of Korea
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
18%
‡
Yes
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
‡
17%
8%
‡
‡
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
113
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Denmark
Population (000s)
5,619
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
44,460
Life expectancy at birth (years)
80
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
10.6
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
3.49
ICT Development Index rank
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
16.79
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
35
4
117.57
Internet users (% population)
93
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
75%
58%
66%
22%
‡
‡
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
77%
40%
63%
42%
>75%
<25%
Zero
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
Yes
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
25-50%
>75%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
Yes
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
Yes
34%
No
22%
Yes
39%
No
29%
Yes
32%
Yes
18%
Yes
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
114
WHO European Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
National
National
Local
National
‡
Established
Established
Pilot
Pilot
Country response
Year introduced
Yes
No
‡
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
No
N/A
Yes
‡
No
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
—
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
No
No
No
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
115
Denmark
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
Regional
‡
National
‡
‡
‡
Pilot
‡
Established
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
National
‡
Regional
Established
Established
Established
‡
Established
Health system level**
Programme type**
Regional
Regional
‡
Pilot
Pilot
‡
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
116
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Dominican Republic
Population (000s)
10,404
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
11,150
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
1.49
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
1.33
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
16
Life expectancy at birth (years)
74
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
5.4
ICT Development Index rank
94
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
86.94
Internet users (% population)
45
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
2014
2014
2006
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
No
Yes
—
77%
40%
63%
42%
<25%
Zero
<25%
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
25-50%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
Yes
46%
Yes
78%
No
54%
No
34%
No
22%
Yes
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
117
WHO Region of the Americas
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
Local
International
‡
‡
‡
Informal
Informal
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
118
Dominican Republic
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
Intermediate
National
Intermediate
Local
National
‡
Pilot
Established
Established
Pilot
Established
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
International
Local
International, National
Local
Informal
Established
Established
Established
Informal
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
Local
National
Informal
Informal
Established
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
—
—
Yes
—
‡
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
No
17%
8%
2006
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
119
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
El Salvador
Population (000s)
6,340
Life expectancy at birth (years)
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
7,490
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
6.9
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
1.60
ICT Development Index rank
100
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
0.41
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
10
73
137.34
Internet users (% population)
25.5
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
No
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
2009
N/A
2010
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
No
Yes
No
77%
40%
63%
42%
<25%
Zero
>75%
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
No
Yes
74%
77%
N/A
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
No
46%
Yes
78%
No
54%
No
34%
No
22%
No
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
120
WHO Region of the Americas
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
‡
‡
‡
‡
Informal
‡
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
Yes
No
2009
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
Yes
<25%
Yes
<25%
Yes
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
121
El Salvador
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
National
‡
‡
‡
Pilot
Pilot
Informal
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
International
‡
National
‡
‡
Pilot
‡
Established
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
‡
‡
Informal
‡
‡
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
122
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Equatorial Guinea
Population (000s)
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
757
23,240
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
0.30
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
0.54
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
21
Life expectancy at birth (years)
56
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
3.5
ICT Development Index rank
—
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
68.05
Internet users (% population)
13.9
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
No
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
No
No
No
No
77%
40%
63%
42%
Zero
Zero
Zero
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
No
No
74%
77%
N/A
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
No
46%
No
78%
No
54%
No
34%
No
22%
No
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
No
No
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
123
WHO African Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
124
Equatorial Guinea
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
No
No
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
No
No
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
125
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Estonia
Population (000s)
1,287
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
24,230
Life expectancy at birth (years)
77
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
5.7
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
3.24
ICT Development Index rank
22
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
6.38
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
54
160.41
Internet users (% population)
79
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
2008
2003
2014
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
77%
40%
63%
42%
>75%
Zero
<25%
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
Yes
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
25-50%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
Yes
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
Yes
34%
Yes
22%
Yes
39%
Yes
29%
Yes
32%
Yes
18%
Yes
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
126
WHO European Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
National
International, National
International, Local
Established
Established
Established
Pilot
Pilot
Country response
Year introduced
Yes
Yes
2007
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
Yes
>75%
Yes
>75%
Yes
>75%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
127
Estonia
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
National
National
National
Regional, National
National
National
Established
Established
Established
Established
Established
Informal
Accessing/providing health information
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
National
Intermediate
Intermediate
Established
Established
Established
Established
Pilot
Health system level**
Programme type**
Regional, Intermediate
International
‡
Pilot
Established
‡
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
128
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Ethiopia
Population (000s)
94,101
Life expectancy at birth (years)
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
1,350
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
5.1
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
0.03
ICT Development Index rank
151
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
0.25
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
63
65
22.37
Internet users (% population)
1.5
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
1993
2014
2013
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
77%
40%
63%
42%
25-50%
Zero
50-75%
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
28%
48%
2008
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
>75%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
31%
Yes
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
Yes
34%
No
22%
Yes
39%
Yes
29%
Yes
32%
No
18%
No
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
129
WHO African Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
Local
‡
‡
Established
Established
Informal
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
Yes
Yes
2008
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
Yes
25-50%
Yes
25-50%
Yes
50-75%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
No
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
130
Ethiopia
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
National
National
Intermediate, Local
National
Intermediate, Local
Intermediate, Local
Established
Established
Pilot
Pilot
Established
Pilot
Accessing/providing health information
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
National
‡
National
‡
‡
Pilot
‡
Established
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
Local
Local
‡
Pilot
Pilot
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
18%
‡
No
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
131
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Finland
Population (000s)
5,426
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
38,480
Life expectancy at birth (years)
81
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
9.4
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
2.91
ICT Development Index rank
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
10.86
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
62
5
172.32
Internet users (% population)
91
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
1972
1995
2007
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
No
No
Yes
77%
40%
63%
42%
>75%
Zero
Zero
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
28%
48%
1917
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
25-50%
25-50%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
31%
Yes
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
Yes
34%
Yes
22%
Yes
39%
Yes
29%
Yes
32%
No
18%
Yes
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
132
WHO European Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
Health system level**
Programme type**
Regional
Local
Local
Regional, National
Local
Established
Pilot
Pilot
Established
Pilot
Country response
Year introduced
Yes
Yes
2007
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
Yes
>75%
Yes
>75%
Yes
>75%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
133
Finland
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Regional, National
Regional, Local
Local
Regional, Local
Regional, National
Local
Established
Established
Established
Established
Established
Pilot, Established
Accessing/providing health information
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
Reg, Nat, Intm, Loc
Regional, National, Local
Regional, National, Local
Regional, National, Local
Informal
Established
Pilot
Established
Established
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
Local
National
Established
Informal
Informal
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
—
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
—
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
134
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Gambia
Population (000s)
1,849
Life expectancy at birth (years)
61
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
1,620
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
0.11
ICT Development Index rank
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
0.87
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
85.20
Internet users (% population)
12.4
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
11
6
128
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
Yes
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
N/A
2014
2007
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
No
No
Yes
No
77%
40%
63%
42%
Zero
Zero
<25%
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
>75%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
No
46%
Yes
78%
No
54%
No
34%
No
22%
No
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
—
No
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
135
WHO African Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
Health system level**
Programme type**
International, National
International, National
International
‡
‡
Established
Established
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
—
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
136
Gambia
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
‡
Regional
‡
National
‡
Established
‡
‡
‡
Informal
‡
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Health system level**
Programme type**
National, Intermediate, Local
‡
‡
‡
‡
Informal
‡
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
National
‡
‡
Informal, Pilot
‡
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
—
No
No
No
No
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
137
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Georgia
Population (000s)
4,341
Life expectancy at birth (years)
74
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
7,040
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
9.4
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
4.27
ICT Development Index rank
71
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
0.14
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
31
107.81
Internet users (% population)
45.5
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
No
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
2014
2011
N/A
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
77%
40%
63%
42%
<25%
<25%
>75%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
Yes
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
25-50%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
31%
No
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
—
34%
—
22%
Yes
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
138
WHO European Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
‡
National
‡
‡
Informal
‡
Informal
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
139
Georgia
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
National
National
National
‡
Established
Established
Established
Established
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
National
‡
‡
‡
‡
Established
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
National
National
‡
Established
Established
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
—
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
140
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Ghana
Population (000s)
25,905
Life expectancy at birth (years)
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
3,880
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
5.4
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
0.10
ICT Development Index rank
113
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
0.93
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
9
63
100.99
Internet users (% population)
17.1
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
Yes
No
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
N/A
2010
N/A
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
77%
40%
63%
42%
Zero
<25%
50-75%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
Yes
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
50-75%
50-75%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
Yes
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
Yes
34%
No
22%
No
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
141
WHO African Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
142
Ghana
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National, Local
Local
Local
National
Local
Established
Pilot, Established
Pilot
Pilot
Established
Pilot
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
National
Local
Local
‡
Pilot
Established
Informal, Pilot
Pilot
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
National
National
Established
Established
Established
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
—
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
143
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Greece
Population (000s)
11,128
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
25,630
Life expectancy at birth (years)
81
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
9.8
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
4.38
ICT Development Index rank
32
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
0.18
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
48
120.04
Internet users (% population)
56
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
2015
2013
2015
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
77%
40%
63%
42%
>75%
<25%
‡
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
—
Yes
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
25-50%
25-50%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
31%
Yes
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
Yes
34%
Yes
22%
Yes
39%
Yes
29%
Yes
32%
Yes
18%
Yes
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
144
WHO European Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
National
National
National
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
No
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
145
Greece
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
Intermediate
Local
Local
Intermediate
‡
Local
Established
Pilot
Informal
Established
‡
Informal
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
Regional
Intermediate
‡
Established
Informal
‡
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
146
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Guatemala
Population (000s)
15,468
Life expectancy at birth (years)
72
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
7,130
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
6.4
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
0.93
ICT Development Index rank
—
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
0.90
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
6
137.82
Internet users (% population)
16
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
N/A
N/A
‡
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
No
No
Yes
No
77%
40%
63%
42%
Zero
Zero
25-50%
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
No
28%
48%
1991
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
>75%
50-75%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
No
46%
Yes
78%
No
54%
No
34%
No
22%
No
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
Yes
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
147
WHO Region of the Americas
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
Health system level**
Programme type**
Intermediate
‡
‡
‡
‡
Established
‡
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
148
Guatemala
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
International, Intermediate
‡
Local
‡
‡
Established
Established
‡
Established
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
‡
‡
‡
Local
Established
‡
‡
‡
Established
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
No
No
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
149
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Guinea-Bissau
Population (000s)
1,704
Life expectancy at birth (years)
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
1,240
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
5.5
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
0.07
ICT Development Index rank
150
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
0.59
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
10
54
63.07
Internet users (% population)
2.9
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
No
No
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
2012
N/A
N/A
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
No
No
No
No
77%
40%
63%
42%
Zero
Zero
Zero
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
No
No
74%
77%
N/A
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
No
46%
No
78%
No
54%
No
34%
No
22%
No
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
No
No
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
150
WHO African Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
151
Guinea-Bissau
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
—
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
152
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Honduras
Population (000s)
8,098
Life expectancy at birth (years)
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
4,270
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
8.7
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
0.37
ICT Development Index rank
110
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
1.08
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
92.87
Internet users (% population)
18.1
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
8
74
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
No
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
2013
N/A
2013
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
77%
40%
63%
42%
‡
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
<25%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
Yes
46%
Yes
78%
No
54%
No
34%
No
22%
No
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
153
WHO Region of the Americas
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
—
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
154
Honduras
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
Local
‡
‡
‡
‡
Informal
Informal
‡
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
National
‡
Local
‡
‡
Established
‡
Informal
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
Local
National
‡
Informal
Informal
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
155
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Hungary
Population (000s)
9,955
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
21,000
Life expectancy at birth (years)
75
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
8
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
3.08
ICT Development Index rank
42
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
6.48
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
71
116.07
Internet users (% population)
72
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
No
No
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
2014
N/A
N/A
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
Yes
—
—
77%
40%
63%
42%
>75%
Zero
Zero
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
N/A
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
—
74%
77%
<25%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
No
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
Yes
34%
Yes
22%
Yes
39%
Yes
29%
—
32%
No
18%
Yes
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
156
WHO European Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
Health system level**
Programme type**
Intermediate, Local
Local
Intermediate
‡
Intermediate
Pilot, Established
Pilot
Pilot
‡
Pilot
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
—
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
No
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
157
Hungary
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
Local
Local
National
Intermediate
Established
Established
Pilot
Pilot
Established
Informal
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
Local
National
Local
‡
‡
Pilot
Pilot, Established
Informal
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
Intermediate
Local
Local
Established
Informal
Informal
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
—
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
‡
—
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
—
—
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
158
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Iceland
Population (000s)
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
330
38,870
Life expectancy at birth (years)
82
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
9.1
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
3.48
ICT Development Index rank
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
15.59
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
58
3
108.05
Internet users (% population)
96
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
2007
2009
2007
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
No
No
Yes
77%
40%
63%
42%
>75%
Zero
Zero
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
N/A
Yes
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
>75%
>75%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
31%
Yes
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
Yes
34%
Yes
22%
Yes
39%
Yes
29%
Yes
32%
Yes
18%
Yes
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
159
WHO European Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
‡
‡
‡
‡
Established
‡
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
Yes
Yes
2004
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
Yes
>75%
Yes
>75%
Yes
>75%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
160
Iceland
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
National
National
National
‡
Established
Established
Established
Informal
Established
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
National
‡
National
Established
Established
Established
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
—
No
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
17%
8%
2015
2000
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
161
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Population (000s)
77,447
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
15,600
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
0.89
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
1.41
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
17
Life expectancy at birth (years)
74
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
6.7
ICT Development Index rank
90
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
76.10
Internet users (% population)
26
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
No
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
2012
2012
N/A
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
No
No
‡
77%
40%
63%
42%
>75%
Zero
Zero
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
28%
48%
2012
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
>75%
50-75%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
No
46%
Yes
78%
No
54%
No
34%
No
22%
No
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
162
WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
Health system level**
Programme type**
Intermediate
Intermediate
Intermediate
Intermediate
Intermediate
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Country response
Year introduced
Yes
Yes
2002
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
Yes
<25%
Yes
25-50%
Yes
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
No
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
No
No
No
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
163
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
Local
Intermediate
Local
‡
Established
Established
Informal
Informal
Established
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
Intermediate
National
‡
Local
‡
Informal
Established
‡
Informal
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
National
‡
‡
Pilot
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
No
No
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
164
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Iraq
Population (000s)
33,765
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
15,220
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
0.61
Life expectancy at birth (years)
70
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
5.2
ICT Development Index rank
—
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
—
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
13
Internet users (% population)
81.63
7.1
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
‡
No
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
‡
‡
N/A
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
—
—
Yes
—
77%
40%
63%
42%
<25%
<25%
‡
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
—
—
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
No
—
74%
77%
N/A
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
31%
Yes
46%
Yes
78%
—
54%
No
34%
No
22%
No
39%
—
29%
‡
32%
No
18%
No
28%
Yes
—
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
165
WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
—
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
166
Iraq
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
Local
‡
‡
‡
‡
Pilot
Pilot
‡
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
—
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
—
No
No
No
No
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
No
No
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
‡
17%
8%
N/A
‡
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
167
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Ireland
Population (000s)
4,627
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
35,090
Life expectancy at birth (years)
81
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
8.9
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
2.67
ICT Development Index rank
23
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
15.20
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
49
107.21
Internet users (% population)
79
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
Yes
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
N/A
2013
2004
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
No
No
No
77%
40%
63%
42%
<25%
Zero
Zero
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
28%
48%
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
—
Yes
74%
77%
N/A
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
31%
Yes
46%
Yes
78%
No
54%
No
34%
Yes
22%
Yes
39%
Yes
29%
Yes
32%
Yes
18%
‡
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
168
WHO European Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
‡
‡
‡
‡
Established
‡
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
—
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
169
Ireland
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Informal
Informal
Pilot
‡
‡
Informal
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Informal
‡
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
170
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Israel
Population (000s)
7,733
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
32,140
Life expectancy at birth (years)
82
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
7.2
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
3.34
ICT Development Index rank
26
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
4.96
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
35
120.68
Internet users (% population)
73.4
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
No
No
Yes
75%
58%
66%
22%
1995
N/A
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
77%
40%
63%
42%
>75%
<25%
<25%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
28%
48%
2011
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
50-75%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
31%
Yes
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
Yes
34%
Yes
22%
Yes
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
Yes
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
171
WHO European Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
Intermediate
Intermediate
Intermediate
National, Intermediate
Established
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Country response
Year introduced
Yes
No
2012
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
Yes
50-75%
Yes
>75%
Yes
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
172
Israel
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
National
‡
‡
‡
Established
Established
Established
‡
‡
Pilot
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
Local
National
‡
‡
Pilot
‡
Established
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
‡
National
Established
‡
Established
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
173
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Italy
Population (000s)
60,990
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
34,100
Life expectancy at birth (years)
83
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
9.1
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
3.76
ICT Development Index rank
30
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
5.44
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
36
159.76
Internet users (% population)
58
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
75%
58%
66%
22%
1978
2006
2001
2014
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
77%
40%
63%
42%
>75%
<25%
<25%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
28%
48%
1948
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
<25%
50-75%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
31%
Yes
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
Yes
34%
Yes
22%
Yes
39%
Yes
29%
Yes
32%
No
18%
Yes
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
174
WHO European Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
Health system level**
Programme type**
Intermediate
Local
Intermediate
Local
Intermediate
Established
Informal
Pilot
Informal
Established
Country response
Year introduced
Yes
Yes
2012
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
Yes
25-50%
Yes
25-50%
Yes
25-50%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
175
Italy
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
Local
Intermediate
Local
National
Local
Established
Pilot
Established
Informal
Established
Pilot
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
Local
Intermediate
Local
Local
Established
Informal
Established
Established
Informal
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
Local
Local
Informal
Informal
Informal
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
176
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Jamaica
Population (000s)
2,784
Life expectancy at birth (years)
74
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
8,480
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
5.9
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
0.41
ICT Development Index rank
93
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
1.09
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
19
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
96.27
Internet users (% population)
46.5
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
Yes
No
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
N/A
2013
N/A
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
77%
40%
63%
42%
>75%
Zero
<25%
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
N/A
N/A
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
No
74%
77%
25-50%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
No
46%
No
78%
No
54%
No
34%
No
22%
No
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
Yes
No
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
177
WHO Region of the Americas
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
Yes
No
2014
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
Yes
<25%
No
N/A
No
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
No
No
No
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
178
Jamaica
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
‡
‡
Intermediate
National
Local
Established
‡
‡
Informal
Established
Informal
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
International
‡
International
Local
Established
Established
‡
Established
Informal
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
National
National
‡
Established
Established
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
—
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
179
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Japan
Population (000s)
127,144
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
37,630
Life expectancy at birth (years)
84
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
10.3
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
2.30
ICT Development Index rank
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
11.49
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
137
12
110.91
Internet users (% population)
79.1
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
‡
2014
2014
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
77%
40%
63%
42%
‡
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
—
28%
48%
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
—
Yes
74%
77%
N/A
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
31%
Yes
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
—
34%
—
22%
Yes
39%
Yes
29%
—
32%
—
18%
—
28%
Yes
—
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
180
WHO Western Pacific Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
Local
National
Local
National
Established
Informal
Established
Informal
Established
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
—
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
181
Japan
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
Local
Intermediate
Intermediate
‡
Established
Established
Pilot
Established
Established
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
‡
Local
National
National
Informal
‡
Informal
Established
Established
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
‡
‡
Informal
‡
‡
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
—
—
—
—
—
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
—
17%
8%
‡
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
182
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Jordan
Population (000s)
7,274
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
11,660
Life expectancy at birth (years)
74
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
7.2
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
2.56
ICT Development Index rank
76
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
4.05
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
18
128.17
Internet users (% population)
41
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
—
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
2015
2009
N/A
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
77%
40%
63%
42%
>75%
<25%
<25%
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
N/A
Yes
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
<25%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
—
31%
Yes
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
No
34%
No
22%
No
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
—
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
183
WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
Intermediate
‡
Intermediate
Established
Established
Established
‡
Informal
Country response
Year introduced
Yes
Yes
2009
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
Yes
<25%
Yes
25-50%
Yes
25-50%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
—
No
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
184
Jordan
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
Intermediate
International, National
National
‡
Established
Established
Informal
Pilot
Established
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
Intermediate
National
Intermediate
Established
Established
Established
Established
Pilot
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
National
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
—
17%
8%
2012
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
185
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Kazakhstan
Population (000s)
16,441
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
20,570
Life expectancy at birth (years)
68
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
4.3
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
3.62
ICT Development Index rank
48
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
8.26
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
76
185.82
Internet users (% population)
53.3
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
2013
2013
2013
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
77%
40%
63%
42%
>75%
Zero
<25%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
28%
48%
1995
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
>75%
50-75%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
31%
Yes
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
Yes
34%
Yes
22%
Yes
39%
Yes
29%
—
32%
—
18%
No
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
186
WHO European Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
Intermediate
National
‡
National
Established
Established
Established
‡
Established
Country response
Year introduced
Yes
No
2003
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
Yes
25-50%
Yes
>75%
Yes
>75%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
—
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
187
Kazakhstan
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Health system level**
Programme type**
National, Intermediate, Local
National, Local
Local
National
National
Local
Established
Established
Pilot
Established
Established
Pilot
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Health system level**
Programme type**
National, Intermediate, Local
National, Intermediate, Local
National
National
Local
Established
Established
Established
Established
Pilot
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
Local
Local
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
—
—
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
188
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Kenya
Population (000s)
44,354
Life expectancy at birth (years)
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
2,250
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
4.5
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
0.20
ICT Development Index rank
116
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
0.86
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
14
61
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
—
Internet users (% population)
32.1
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
—
Yes
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
N/A
2011
2009
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
No
No
Yes
No
77%
40%
63%
42%
Zero
Zero
<25%
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
No
Yes
74%
77%
N/A
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
No
46%
Yes
78%
No
54%
No
34%
No
22%
No
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
189
WHO African Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
‡
‡
‡
‡
Informal
‡
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
190
Kenya
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Informal
Informal
Pilot
Informal
Informal
Informal
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Informal
Informal
Informal
Informal
Informal
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
Informal
Pilot
‡
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
191
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Kiribati
Population (000s)
102
Life expectancy at birth (years)
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
2,780
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
0.38
ICT Development Index rank
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
3.71
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
14
67
10.1
—
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
15.88
Internet users (% population)
10.7
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
Yes
No
‡
75%
58%
66%
22%
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
No
No
No
No
77%
40%
63%
42%
Zero
Zero
Zero
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
‡
‡
28%
48%
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
No
Yes
74%
77%
N/A
25-50%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
‡
31%
No
46%
No
78%
‡
54%
‡
34%
‡
22%
‡
39%
‡
29%
‡
32%
‡
18%
‡
28%
No
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
192
WHO Western Pacific Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
Yes
‡
2012
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
Yes
<25%
Yes
<25%
Yes
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
193
Kiribati
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
‡
18%
‡
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
‡
17%
8%
‡
‡
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
194
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Kyrgyzstan
Population (000s)
5,548
Life expectancy at birth (years)
69
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
3,070
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
6.7
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
1.97
ICT Development Index rank
—
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
6.22
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
51
124.18
Internet users (% population)
21.7
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
No
No
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
2012
N/A
N/A
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
77%
40%
63%
42%
Zero
Zero
25-50%
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
28%
48%
2009
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
25-50%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
No
46%
Yes
78%
No
54%
No
34%
No
22%
No
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
195
WHO European Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
Health system level**
Programme type**
Intermediate, Local
‡
‡
Intermediate
‡
Informal
‡
‡
Informal
‡
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
196
Kyrgyzstan
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
197
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Lao People's Democratic Republic
Population (000s)
6,770
Life expectancy at birth (years)
66
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
4,570
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
0.18
ICT Development Index rank
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
0.88
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
64.70
Internet users (% population)
10.7
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
7
2
123
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
No
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
2012
N/A
2009
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
No
No
Yes
No
77%
40%
63%
42%
Zero
Zero
Zero
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
No
No
74%
77%
N/A
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
No
46%
No
78%
No
54%
‡
34%
No
22%
‡
39%
‡
29%
No
32%
‡
18%
‡
28%
No
No
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
198
WHO Western Pacific Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
199
Lao People's Democratic Republic
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
Local
‡
Local
‡
‡
Established
Pilot
‡
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
No
No
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
—
—
No
No
No
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
200
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Latvia
Population (000s)
2,050
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
22,970
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
3.58
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
3.44
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
64
Life expectancy at birth (years)
74
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
5.7
ICT Development Index rank
35
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
—
Internet users (% population)
74
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
No
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
2014
2005
N/A
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
No
Yes
No
77%
40%
63%
42%
<25%
Zero
>75%
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
Yes
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
<25%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
31%
Yes
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
Yes
34%
No
22%
Yes
39%
Yes
29%
Yes
32%
No
18%
Yes
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
201
WHO European Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
Health system level**
Programme type**
Intermediate
‡
Local
‡
‡
Established
‡
Established
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
—
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
202
Latvia
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
Local
Intermediate
National
Intermediate
Established
Established
Established
Established
Established
Pilot
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
International, National, Local
Intermediate
Local
National
Established
Established
Established
Established
Established
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
‡
National
Established
‡
Established
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
18%
2012
No
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
203
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Lebanon
Population (000s)
4,822
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
17,390
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
3.20
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
2.72
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
35
Life expectancy at birth (years)
80
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
7.2
ICT Development Index rank
52
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
80.81
Internet users (% population)
61.2
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
No
No
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
2012
N/A
N/A
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
No
No
Yes
Yes
77%
40%
63%
42%
Zero
Zero
25-50%
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
Yes
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
<25%
25-50%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
No
46%
Yes
78%
No
54%
No
34%
No
22%
No
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
204
WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
Health system level**
Programme type**
Intermediate
Intermediate
‡
‡
‡
Informal
Informal
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
205
Lebanon
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
National
National, Intermediate
‡
‡
‡
‡
Established
Established
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
‡
Intermediate
‡
‡
Established
‡
Informal
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
National
National
‡
Established
Established
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
206
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Lesotho
Population (000s)
2,074
Life expectancy at birth (years)
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
3,320
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
11.5
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
0.05
ICT Development Index rank
126
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
0.62
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
13
50
75.30
Internet users (% population)
4.6
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
No
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
No
No
No
No
77%
40%
63%
42%
Zero
Zero
Zero
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
>75%
>75%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
No
46%
No
78%
No
54%
No
34%
No
22%
No
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
No
—
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
207
WHO African Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
Yes
No
1986
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
No
N/A
Yes
50-75%
Yes
50-75%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
208
Lesotho
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
No
No
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
No
No
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
209
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Lithuania
Population (000s)
3,017
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
24,500
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
4.12
Life expectancy at birth (years)
74
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
6.2
ICT Development Index rank
44
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
—
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
68
Internet users (% population)
165.06
68
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
75%
58%
66%
22%
2014
2010
N/A
2011
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
77%
40%
63%
42%
50-75%
Zero
<25%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
N/A
Yes
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
25-50%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
‡
31%
Yes
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
Yes
34%
Yes
22%
Yes
39%
Yes
29%
Yes
32%
Yes
18%
Yes
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
210
WHO European Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
International
National
National
Established
Established
Pilot
Informal
Pilot
Country response
Year introduced
Yes
Yes
2011
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
Yes
<25%
Yes
<25%
Yes
50-75%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
211
Lithuania
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
National
Local
National
Local
Established
Established
Established
Pilot
Established
Pilot
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
International
National
International
National
Pilot
Established
Established
Established
Established
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
National
National
Established
Pilot
Pilot
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
17%
8%
1991
1991
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
212
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Luxembourg
Population (000s)
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
530
59,750
Life expectancy at birth (years)
82
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
7.1
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
2.90
ICT Development Index rank
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
12.61
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
56
9
145.36
Internet users (% population)
92
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
—
Yes
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
N/A
2006
2012
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
No
No
No
77%
40%
63%
42%
>75%
Zero
Zero
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
—
Yes
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
<25%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
31%
No
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
Yes
34%
No
22%
Yes
39%
Yes
29%
Yes
32%
Yes
18%
Yes
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
213
WHO European Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
‡
‡
‡
Intermediate, Local
Established
‡
‡
‡
Established
Country response
Year introduced
Yes
Yes
2015
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
Yes
>75%
Yes
>75%
Yes
50-75%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
214
Luxembourg
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
‡
National
National
International
National
Established
‡
Informal
Pilot
Established
Pilot
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
‡
National
‡
Local
Pilot
‡
Established
‡
Pilot
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
18%
2013
No
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
—
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
215
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Madagascar
Population (000s)
22,925
Life expectancy at birth (years)
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
1,350
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
4.2
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
0.16
ICT Development Index rank
149
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
0.32
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
2
64
39.38
Internet users (% population)
2.1
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
N/A
N/A
2007
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
No
No
—
Yes
77%
40%
63%
42%
Zero
Zero
Zero
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
—
—
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
No
Yes
74%
77%
N/A
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
No
46%
—
78%
No
54%
No
34%
—
22%
—
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
—
No
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
216
WHO African Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
Health system level**
Programme type**
International
International
‡
‡
‡
Pilot
Pilot
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
—
—
—
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
217
Madagascar
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
Intermediate
National
National
Regional
‡
‡
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Health system level**
Programme type**
Intermediate
‡
International
International
National
Pilot
‡
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
National
‡
‡
Pilot
‡
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
—
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
No
Yes
—
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
218
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Malawi
Population (000s)
16,363
Life expectancy at birth (years)
60
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
750
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
8.3
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
0.02
ICT Development Index rank
145
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
0.34
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
13
29.21
Internet users (% population)
4.4
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
2014
2003
2003
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
77%
40%
63%
42%
<25%
<25%
50-75%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
<25%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
No
46%
No
78%
No
54%
No
34%
No
22%
No
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
219
WHO African Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
‡
‡
‡
‡
Established
‡
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
Yes
No
2009
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
Yes
<25%
Yes
<25%
Yes
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
220
Malawi
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
Intermediate
Local
Local
Local
‡
Established
Established
Pilot
Established
Pilot
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
Intermediate
International
National
International, Regional
All
Informal
Informal
Established
Informal
Established
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
National, Intermediate
Intermediate
‡
Established
Informal
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
221
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Malaysia
Population (000s)
29,717
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
22,460
Life expectancy at birth (years)
74
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
4
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
1.20
ICT Development Index rank
59
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
3.28
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
18
141.33
Internet users (% population)
65.8
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
75%
58%
66%
22%
1957
2006
1980
1997
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
77%
40%
63%
42%
50-75%
25-50%
<25%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
28%
48%
1957
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
>75%
50-75%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
31%
Yes
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
Yes
34%
Yes
22%
Yes
39%
Yes
29%
Yes
32%
Yes
18%
Yes
28%
Yes
No
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
222
WHO Western Pacific Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
‡
‡
Local
‡
Established
‡
‡
Pilot
Country response
Year introduced
Yes
No
2003
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
Yes
<25%
Yes
<25%
Yes
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
No
No
No
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
‡
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
223
Malaysia
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National, Intermediate, Local
Intermediate, Local
National
National
Local
Established
Established
Established
Established
Informal
Pilot
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
National
National
Local
Established
Established
Established
Established
Established
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
National
National
Pilot
Established
Informal
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
18%
‡
No
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
‡
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
17%
8%
2014
2014
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
224
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Maldives
Population (000s)
345
Life expectancy at birth (years)
78
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
9,890
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
1.42
ICT Development Index rank
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
5.04
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
43
10.8
73
165.63
Internet users (% population)
38.9
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
Yes
‡
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
N/A
2011
‡
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
No
Yes
No
77%
40%
63%
42%
>75%
Zero
25-50%
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
No
Yes
74%
77%
N/A
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
No
46%
No
78%
No
54%
No
34%
No
22%
No
39%
No
29%
Yes
32%
No
18%
No
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
225
WHO South-East Asia Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
National
‡
‡
‡
‡
Informal
‡
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
No
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
226
Maldives
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
227
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Mali
Population (000s)
15,302
Life expectancy at birth (years)
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
1,540
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
7.1
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
0.08
ICT Development Index rank
144
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
0.43
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
1
57
98.38
Internet users (% population)
2.2
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
75%
58%
66%
22%
2009
2013
1998
2013
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
77%
40%
63%
42%
50-75%
Zero
<25%
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
Yes
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
<25%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
No
46%
No
78%
No
54%
No
34%
No
22%
No
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
—
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
228
WHO African Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
‡
National
‡
‡
Pilot
‡
Pilot
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
No
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
229
Mali
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
National
Regional
National
National
Informal
Pilot
Informal
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Accessing/providing health information
Health system level**
Programme type**
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
National
Regional, National
National
National
National
Informal
‡
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Collecting health information
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
National
National
‡
Established
Pilot
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
230
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Malta
Population (000s)
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
429
28,030
Life expectancy at birth (years)
81
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
8.7
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
3.49
ICT Development Index rank
24
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
7.49
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
45
126.96
Internet users (% population)
70
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
No
No
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
1979
N/A
N/A
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
No
No
No
77%
40%
63%
42%
>75%
Zero
Zero
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
N/A
N/A
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
>75%
>75%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
—
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
Yes
34%
Yes
22%
Yes
39%
No
29%
Yes
32%
No
18%
No
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
231
WHO European Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
‡
‡
‡
National
Established
‡
‡
‡
Established
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
232
Malta
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
‡
National
National
National
National
Established
‡
Established
Established
Established
Established
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
International
National
International
‡
Established
Established
Established
Established
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
‡
‡
Established
‡
‡
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
—
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
—
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
233
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Mauritania
Population (000s)
3,890
Life expectancy at birth (years)
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
2,850
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
3.8
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
0.13
ICT Development Index rank
133
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
0.67
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
4
63
106.00
Internet users (% population)
5.4
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
N/A
N/A
2013
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
No
Yes
No
77%
40%
63%
42%
50-75%
Zero
25-50%
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
Yes
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
<25%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
No
46%
Yes
78%
No
54%
No
34%
No
22%
No
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
234
WHO African Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
Health system level**
Programme type**
International
‡
International
‡
‡
Pilot
‡
Pilot
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
No
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
No
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
No
No
No
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
235
Mauritania
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
‡
‡
International
National
‡
Pilot
‡
‡
Pilot
Informal
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
‡
‡
‡
Informal
Pilot
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
National
Informal
Pilot
Pilot
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
No
No
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
No
No
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
236
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Mexico
Population (000s)
122,332
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
16,110
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
2.10
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
2.53
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
16
Life expectancy at birth (years)
75
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
6.2
ICT Development Index rank
83
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
83.35
Internet users (% population)
38.4
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
No
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
2006
N/A
2004
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
77%
40%
63%
42%
50-75%
<25%
<25%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
No
28%
48%
2003
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
25-50%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
Yes
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
Yes
34%
Yes
22%
Yes
39%
Yes
29%
Yes
32%
Yes
18%
Yes
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
237
WHO Region of the Americas
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
Intermediate
National
Local
Established
Established
Pilot
Established
Pilot
Country response
Year introduced
Yes
Yes
2004
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
Yes
25-50%
Yes
25-50%
Yes
>75%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
238
Mexico
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
Intermediate
National
National
Local
‡
‡
Established
Established
Established
Pilot
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
Intermediate
‡
Intermediate
Pilot
‡
Informal
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
18%
2013
No
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
Yes
17%
8%
N/A
2010
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
239
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Mongolia
Population (000s)
2,839
Life expectancy at birth (years)
68
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
8,810
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
6
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
2.84
ICT Development Index rank
85
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
3.62
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
58
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
—
Internet users (% population)
16.4
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
75%
58%
66%
22%
2008
2008
2011
2008
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
77%
40%
63%
42%
<25%
<25%
>75%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
No
28%
48%
2011
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
<25%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
31%
Yes
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
Yes
34%
Yes
22%
Yes
39%
Yes
29%
Yes
32%
No
18%
Yes
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
240
WHO Western Pacific Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
Health system level**
Programme type**
Intermediate
‡
Intermediate
‡
‡
Pilot
‡
Pilot
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
Yes
Yes
2004
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
Yes
<25%
Yes
25-50%
Yes
50-75%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
241
Mongolia
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
National, Intermediate, Local
National, Intermediate, Local
Local
‡
National
‡
Established
Informal, Established
Informal
‡
Established
‡
Accessing/providing health information
Health system level**
Programme type**
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Intermediate, Local
‡
‡
Local
‡
Informal
‡
‡
Informal
‡
Collecting health information
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
18%
2010
Yes
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
17%
8%
2005
2010
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
242
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Montenegro
Population (000s)
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
621
14,600
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
2.11
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
5.41
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
39
Life expectancy at birth (years)
76
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
6.5
ICT Development Index rank
—
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
—
Internet users (% population)
—
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
No
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
2006
N/A
2015
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
No
No
No
77%
40%
63%
42%
<25%
Zero
Zero
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
—
Yes
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
No
Yes
74%
77%
N/A
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
—
31%
—
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
Yes
34%
Yes
22%
Yes
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
—
—
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
243
WHO European Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
Yes
Yes
2000
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
Yes
>75%
Yes
>75%
No
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
244
Montenegro
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
Local
‡
‡
‡
‡
Established
Established
‡
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
‡
‡
‡
‡
Informal
‡
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
—
—
No
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
—
—
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
245
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Morocco
Population (000s)
33,008
Life expectancy at birth (years)
71
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
7,000
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
6
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
0.62
ICT Development Index rank
89
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
0.89
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
11
119.97
Internet users (% population)
55
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
No
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
2002
N/A
2004
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
77%
40%
63%
42%
50-75%
<25%
<25%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
28%
48%
1956
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
50-75%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
No
46%
Yes
78%
No
54%
No
34%
Yes
22%
Yes
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
Yes
No
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
246
WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
‡
‡
‡
‡
Pilot
‡
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
247
Morocco
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
National
Intermediate
‡
Local
Established
Established
Pilot
Pilot
‡
Pilot
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
‡
‡
‡
‡
Established
‡
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
National
National
‡
Established
Pilot
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
—
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
248
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Netherlands
Population (000s)
16,759
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
43,210
Life expectancy at birth (years)
81
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
12.9
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
3.15
ICT Development Index rank
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
0.16
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
47
7
117.97
Internet users (% population)
93
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
No
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
2006
2012
N/A
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
77%
40%
63%
42%
>75%
<25%
<25%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
—
Yes
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
50-75%
50-75%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
31%
Yes
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
Yes
34%
No
22%
Yes
39%
No
29%
Yes
32%
Yes
18%
Yes
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
249
WHO European Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
Health system level**
Programme type**
Intermediate
Intermediate
National
National
Local
Established
Established
Established
Established
Established
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
250
Netherlands
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
Local
Local
National
Local
Established
Established
Established
Established
Established
Pilot
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
Local
International
Local
Established
Established
Established
‡
Established
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
Local
National
Established
Pilot
Established
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
18%
2010
—
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
251
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
New Zealand
Population (000s)
4,506
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
30,750
Life expectancy at birth (years)
82
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
9.7
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
2.74
ICT Development Index rank
16
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
10.87
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
23
110.36
Internet users (% population)
89.5
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
No
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
1993
2010
N/A
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
77%
40%
63%
42%
<25%
<25%
Zero
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
28%
48%
1972
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
25-50%
>75%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
31%
Yes
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
No
34%
No
22%
Yes
39%
Yes
29%
Yes
32%
No
18%
Yes
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
252
WHO Western Pacific Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
Health system level**
Programme type**
International, Regional
Local
‡
Regional, Local
Local
Established
Pilot
‡
Established
Pilot
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
253
New Zealand
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National, Intermediate, Local
Local
Local
Regional, National, Local
Intermediate, Local
Established
Established
Established
Pilot
Established
Pilot
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Health system level**
Programme type**
National, Intermediate, Local
National, Local
All
National, Intermediate, Local
International, National, Local
Established
Established
Established
Established
Established
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
Local
Local
Informal
Pilot
Informal
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
18%
2012
No
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
254
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Niger
Population (000s)
17,831
Life expectancy at birth (years)
59
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
910
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
6.5
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
0.02
ICT Development Index rank
157
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
0.14
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
3
31.45
Internet users (% population)
1.4
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
No
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
2012
N/A
2013
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
No
‡
Yes
77%
40%
63%
42%
50-75%
Zero
<25%
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
25-50%
25-50%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
No
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
No
34%
No
22%
No
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
—
—
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
255
WHO African Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
National, Intermediate
National
National
Informal
Informal
Informal
Informal
Informal
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
No
N/A
No
N/A
No
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
No
No
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
256
Niger
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Reg, Nat, Intm
National
Reg, Nat, Intm
All
Reg, Nat, Intm, Loc
Reg, Nat, Intm, Loc
Established
Established
Informal
Informal
Established
Informal
Accessing/providing health information
Health system level**
Programme type**
International, National
Intl, Reg, Nat
‡
International, National
International, National
Informal
Informal
‡
Established
Informal
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National, Intermediate, Local
National, Intermediate, Local
Informal
Established
Established
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
—
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
257
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Norway
Population (000s)
5,043
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
66,520
Life expectancy at birth (years)
82
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
9.6
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
4.28
ICT Development Index rank
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
17.27
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
33
6
116.68
Internet users (% population)
95
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
75%
58%
66%
22%
1967
1996
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
Yes
No
No
77%
40%
63%
42%
>75%
<25%
Zero
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
28%
48%
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
<25%
25-50%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
31%
Yes
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
Yes
34%
No
22%
No
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
258
WHO European Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
Health system level**
Programme type**
Regional, Intermediate
Regional, Local
Regional
Regional
Regional, Intermediate, Local
Established
Pilot, Established
‡
Informal, Pilot, Established
Informal, Pilot
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
Country response
Year introduced
Yes
Yes
1981
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
Yes
>75%
Yes
>75%
Yes
>75%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
259
Norway
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
‡
Regional, Local
Local
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
‡
National, Local
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
260
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Oman
Population (000s)
3,632
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
52,170
Life expectancy at birth (years)
76
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
2.6
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
2.43
ICT Development Index rank
54
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
5.38
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
18
159.25
Internet users (% population)
60
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
No
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
‡
N/A
2001
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
No
No
Yes
77%
40%
63%
42%
<25%
Zero
Zero
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
28%
48%
2005
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
50-75%
50-75%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
No
46%
Yes
78%
No
54%
No
34%
No
22%
No
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
261
WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
‡
‡
‡
‡
Established
‡
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
Yes
Yes
1997
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
Yes
>75%
Yes
>75%
Yes
>75%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
No
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
262
Oman
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
National
‡
National
‡
Established
Established
Established
‡
Pilot
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
National
National
National
Established
Established
Pilot
Established
Established
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
National
Established
Established
Established
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
18%
2014
No
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
—
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
263
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Pakistan
Population (000s)
182,143
Life expectancy at birth (years)
66
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
4,920
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
2.8
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
0.83
ICT Development Index rank
129
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
0.57
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
6
67.06
Internet users (% population)
10
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
No
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
2014
N/A
2013
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
No
Yes
No
77%
40%
63%
42%
25-50%
Zero
<25%
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
28%
48%
2013
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
25-50%
25-50%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
No
46%
No
78%
No
54%
No
34%
No
22%
‡
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
264
WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
Intermediate, Local
Local
Local
Intermediate
Informal
Informal, Pilot
Informal
Informal
Pilot
Country response
Year introduced
Yes
Yes
2013
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
Yes
25-50%
Yes
25-50%
Yes
25-50%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
265
Pakistan
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
Health system level**
Programme type**
Intermediate
National
National, Intermediate
Intermediate
National, Intermediate
Intermediate
Established
Established
Established
Established
Established
Established
Health system level**
Programme type**
National, Intermediate
Intermediate
National, Intermediate
Reg, Nat, Intm, Loc
National, Intermediate
Established
Established
Established
Established
Established
Health system level**
Programme type**
Intermediate
National, Intermediate
National, Intermediate
Established
Established
Established
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
No
17%
8%
2013
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
266
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Panama
Population (000s)
3,864
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
19,290
Life expectancy at birth (years)
77
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
7.2
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
1.65
ICT Development Index rank
70
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
1.40
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
22
178.03
Internet users (% population)
45.2
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
No
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
2014
N/A
‡
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
No
Yes
No
77%
40%
63%
42%
>75%
Zero
<25%
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
No
Yes
74%
77%
N/A
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
No
46%
Yes
78%
No
54%
No
34%
No
22%
No
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
267
WHO Region of the Americas
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
‡
‡
‡
‡
Established
‡
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
Yes
No
2012
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
Yes
25-50%
Yes
<25%
Yes
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
No
No
No
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
268
Panama
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
National
National
‡
Intermediate
Pilot
Pilot
Established
Established
‡
Informal
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
National
‡
‡
Intermediate
‡
Informal
‡
‡
Informal
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
National
‡
‡
Established
‡
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
269
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Paraguay
Population (000s)
6,802
Life expectancy at birth (years)
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
7,640
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
1.23
ICT Development Index rank
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
1.00
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
13
75
9
103
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
—
Internet users (% population)
27.1
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
75%
58%
66%
22%
2015
2015
1996
2014
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
77%
40%
63%
42%
Zero
25-50%
25-50%
25-50%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
No
28%
48%
2010
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
<25%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
31%
Yes
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
Yes
34%
Yes
22%
Yes
39%
No
29%
Yes
32%
Yes
18%
—
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
270
WHO Region of the Americas
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
‡
‡
‡
‡
Established
‡
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
Yes
Yes
2010
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
Yes
50-75%
Yes
25-50%
Yes
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
271
Paraguay
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
National
National
National
‡
Established
Established
Established
Established
Established
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
National
National
National
Established
Established
Established
Established
Established
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
‡
National
Established
‡
Established
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
272
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Peru
Population (000s)
30,376
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
11,360
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
1.13
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
1.51
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
15
Life expectancy at birth (years)
77
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
5.3
ICT Development Index rank
92
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
—
Internet users (% population)
38.2
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
75%
58%
66%
22%
2010
N/A
2013
2005
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
No
No
No
No
77%
40%
63%
42%
Zero
Zero
Zero
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
25-50%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
31%
Yes
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
Yes
34%
No
22%
No
39%
Yes
29%
Yes
32%
No
18%
Yes
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
273
WHO Region of the Americas
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
Health system level**
Programme type**
Intermediate, Local
Local
Intermediate, Local
‡
‡
Informal
Informal
Informal
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
Yes
Yes
2015
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
No
N/A
Yes
<25%
Yes
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
274
Peru
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Health system level**
Programme type**
National, Local
National, Intermediate
Local
‡
‡
Local
Established
Established
Established
‡
‡
Pilot
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
National
National
‡
‡
‡
Established
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
Intermediate
‡
‡
Established
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
275
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Philippines
Population (000s)
98,394
Life expectancy at birth (years)
69
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
7,820
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
4.4
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
1.15
ICT Development Index rank
98
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
6.00
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
5
106.51
Internet users (% population)
36.2
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
1998
2013
2007
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
77%
40%
63%
42%
>75%
<25%
<25%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
>75%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
No
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
No
34%
No
22%
No
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
Yes
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
276
WHO Western Pacific Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
Health system level**
Programme type**
International
Intermediate
Local
International
‡
Established
Established
Established
Informal
‡
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
Yes
No
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
277
Philippines
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
Local
National, Intermediate
Regional
National
Local
‡
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Established
Pilot
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
International, National
Local
Local
‡
Pilot
Established
Established
Informal
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
National
Regional
Informal
Pilot, Established
Informal
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
278
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Poland
Population (000s)
38,217
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
22,300
Life expectancy at birth (years)
77
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
6.7
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
2.22
ICT Development Index rank
37
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
6.16
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
67
140.34
Internet users (% population)
65
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
2004
2011
2011
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
Yes
—
—
77%
40%
63%
42%
>75%
<25%
‡
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
28%
48%
2013
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
50-75%
25-50%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
Yes
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
Yes
34%
No
22%
No
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
Yes
—
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
279
WHO European Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
Health system level**
Programme type**
Intermediate
‡
Local
‡
Local
Established
‡
Pilot
‡
Pilot
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
No
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
280
Poland
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
National
Local
‡
‡
‡
‡
Established
Informal
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
Local
‡
‡
Local
‡
Informal
‡
‡
Pilot
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
‡
‡
Pilot
‡
‡
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
281
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Portugal
Population (000s)
10,608
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
25,360
Life expectancy at birth (years)
81
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
9.7
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
4.10
ICT Development Index rank
36
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
6.11
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
33
116.11
Internet users (% population)
64
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
75%
58%
66%
22%
1979
N/A
2013
2013
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
77%
40%
63%
42%
50-75%
<25%
<25%
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
N/A
N/A
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
<25%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
31%
Yes
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
Yes
34%
Yes
22%
‡
39%
Yes
29%
Yes
32%
Yes
18%
No
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
282
WHO European Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
Regional
‡
National
Established
Established
Established
‡
Pilot
Country response
Year introduced
Yes
Yes
2012
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
Yes
>75%
Yes
>75%
Yes
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
No
No
No
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
283
Portugal
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
National
‡
National
‡
Established
Established
Established
‡
Established
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
National
‡
Local
Established
Established
Informal
‡
Pilot
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
‡
National
Pilot
‡
Established
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
284
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Qatar
Population (000s)
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
2,169
123,860
Life expectancy at birth (years)
79
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
2.2
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
7.74
ICT Development Index rank
31
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
11.87
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
12
126.86
Internet users (% population)
88.1
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
No
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
2011
2015
N/A
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
—
—
Yes
77%
40%
63%
42%
>75%
Zero
Zero
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
—
Yes
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
—
Yes
74%
77%
N/A
25-50%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
Yes
46%
No
78%
No
54%
No
34%
No
22%
No
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
—
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
285
WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
—
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
286
Qatar
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
National
‡
‡
Intermediate
Established
Established
Pilot
‡
‡
Pilot
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
‡
‡
‡
‡
Established
‡
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
Local
‡
‡
Informal
‡
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
—
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
—
Yes
No
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
—
—
—
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
287
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Republic of Moldova
Population (000s)
3,487
Life expectancy at birth (years)
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
5,190
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
2.98
ICT Development Index rank
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
6.40
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
62
70
11.8
65
101.99
Internet users (% population)
43.4
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
1995
2004
2004
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
77%
40%
63%
42%
25-50%
<25%
25-50%
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
28%
48%
1989
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
50-75%
25-50%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
No
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
No
34%
No
22%
No
39%
No
29%
Yes
32%
Yes
18%
No
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
288
WHO European Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
‡
National
‡
National
Pilot
‡
Established
‡
Pilot
Country response
Year introduced
Yes
No
2014
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
Yes
50-75%
Yes
<25%
Yes
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
No
No
No
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
289
Republic of Moldova
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
National
Regional
National
‡
Established
Established
Pilot
Informal
Established
Pilot
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
‡
National
‡
‡
Established
‡
Established
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
‡
‡
Pilot
‡
‡
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
18%
2013
No
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
290
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Romania
Population (000s)
21,699
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
18,060
Life expectancy at birth (years)
74
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
5.3
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
2.45
ICT Development Index rank
55
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
5.62
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
66
104.99
Internet users (% population)
50
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
‡
‡
‡
‡
75%
58%
66%
22%
‡
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
‡
‡
‡
‡
77%
40%
63%
42%
‡
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
‡
‡
28%
48%
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
‡
‡
74%
77%
‡
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
31%
—
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
No
34%
Yes
22%
Yes
39%
Yes
29%
Yes
32%
No
18%
Yes
28%
Yes
‡
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
291
WHO European Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
Yes
Yes
2014
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
Yes
25-50%
Yes
<25%
Yes
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
Yes
No
No
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
292
Romania
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
‡
18%
‡
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
293
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Russian Federation
Population (000s)
142,834
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
23,200
Life expectancy at birth (years)
69
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
6.5
—
ICT Development Index rank
40
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
—
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
97
Internet users (% population)
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
182.92
53.3
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
75%
58%
66%
22%
1991
2013
2011
2008
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
77%
40%
63%
42%
>75%
<25%
<25%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
28%
48%
1991
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
50-75%
50-75%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
—
31%
Yes
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
No
34%
No
22%
Yes
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
294
WHO European Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
Health system level**
Programme type**
Intermediate
National
National
National
Intermediate
Established
Informal
Pilot
Informal
Pilot
Country response
Year introduced
Yes
No
2013
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
Yes
50-75%
Yes
<25%
Yes
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
295
Russian Federation
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
Intermediate, Local
Intermediate
National, Intermediate
National
Local
Established
Pilot
Pilot, Established
Pilot, Established
Established
Informal
Health system level**
Programme type**
Intermediate, Local
International, Regional,
National
National
National
National
Pilot
Pilot, Established
Pilot
Informal
Health system level**
Programme type**
Intermediate
Local
National
Pilot
Pilot
Established
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
Informal
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
18%
2010
No
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
—
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
296
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Rwanda
Population (000s)
11,777
Life expectancy at birth (years)
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
1,430
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
11.1
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
0.06
ICT Development Index rank
141
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
0.69
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
16
65
49.67
Internet users (% population)
8
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
‡
Yes
No
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
‡
2015
N/A
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
77%
40%
63%
42%
25-50%
Zero
25-50%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
28%
48%
2015
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
<25%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
‡
31%
‡
46%
‡
78%
‡
54%
‡
34%
‡
22%
‡
39%
‡
29%
‡
32%
‡
18%
‡
28%
‡
‡
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
297
WHO African Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
Health system level**
Programme type**
Intermediate
‡
‡
‡
Intermediate
Established
‡
‡
‡
Pilot
Country response
Year introduced
‡
‡
‡
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
No
N/A
No
N/A
No
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
No
No
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
‡
‡
‡
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
298
Rwanda
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
National
‡
National
‡
Established
Established
Established
‡
Established
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
‡
National
‡
National
Established
‡
Established
‡
Established
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
‡
National
Established
‡
Established
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
‡
18%
‡
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
‡
‡
17%
8%
‡
‡
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
299
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
San Marino
Population (000s)
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
31
Life expectancy at birth (years)
83
—
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
6.5
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
5.10
ICT Development Index rank
—
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
8.83
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
—
115.21
Internet users (% population)
50.9
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
No
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
1955
1990
N/A
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
No
No
No
No
77%
40%
63%
42%
‡
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
No
No
74%
77%
N/A
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
Yes
46%
Yes
78%
No
54%
No
34%
No
22%
No
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
300
WHO European Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
Yes
No
1990
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
Yes
>75%
Yes
>75%
Yes
>75%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
301
San Marino
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
—
—
—
—
—
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
—
—
—
—
—
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
No
17%
8%
2006
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
302
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Senegal
Population (000s)
14,133
Life expectancy at birth (years)
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
2,240
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
4.2
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
0.06
ICT Development Index rank
124
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
0.42
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
83.57
Internet users (% population)
19.2
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
3
64
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
No
No
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
2013
N/A
N/A
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
77%
40%
63%
42%
<25%
<25%
<25%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
50-75%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
No
46%
Yes
78%
No
54%
No
34%
No
22%
Yes
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
Yes
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
303
WHO African Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
Health system level**
Programme type**
Intermediate
Local
National
‡
International, Local
Established
Established
Established
‡
Pilot
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
304
Senegal
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
International
Regional, National, Local
Local
National
International, Local
Pilot
Established
Pilot
Informal, Pilot
Established
Pilot
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
International, Local
Intermediate, Local
International, National
Local
Established
Pilot, Established
Pilot, Established
Established
Informal, Pilot
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
National
National
Pilot
Established
Pilot, Established
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
18%
2013
No
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
305
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Serbia
Population (000s)
9,511
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
12,020
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
2.11
Life expectancy at birth (years)
75
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
10.6
ICT Development Index rank
56
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
—
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
54
Internet users (% population)
117.85
48.1
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
‡
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
N/A
‡
2009
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
No
Yes
—
77%
40%
63%
42%
<25%
Zero
<25%
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
No
No
74%
77%
N/A
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
No
46%
Yes
78%
No
54%
No
34%
No
22%
No
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
No
No
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
306
WHO European Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
307
Serbia
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
No
No
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
308
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Seychelles
Population (000s)
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
93
23,270
Life expectancy at birth (years)
74
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
4
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
1.07
ICT Development Index rank
64
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
4.81
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
36
147.80
Internet users (% population)
47.1
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
N/A
N/A
2013
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
77%
40%
63%
42%
Zero
Zero
Zero
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
No
74%
77%
>75%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
Yes
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
Yes
34%
Yes
22%
No
39%
Yes
29%
Yes
32%
No
18%
No
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
309
WHO African Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
International, National,
Intermediate
International, National,
Intermediate
International, National,
Intermediate
‡
‡
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
Programme type**
Informal
Informal
Informal
‡
‡
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
310
Seychelles
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
National
National
International, National
National
‡
‡
Informal
Informal
Informal
Informal
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
International, National
International, National
International, National
‡
Informal
Informal
Informal
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
National
International, National
‡
Informal
Informal
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
311
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Singapore
Population (000s)
5,412
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
76,850
Life expectancy at birth (years)
83
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
4.6
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
1.95
ICT Development Index rank
15
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
5.76
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
31
152.13
Internet users (% population)
74.2
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
75%
58%
66%
22%
‡
2003
2009
2014
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
No
No
No
77%
40%
63%
42%
>75%
Zero
Zero
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
28%
48%
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
50-75%
>75%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
Yes
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
Yes
34%
Yes
22%
Yes
39%
Yes
29%
Yes
32%
No
18%
No
28%
Yes
‡
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
312
WHO Western Pacific Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
Health system level**
Programme type**
International
Intermediate
Intermediate
Intermediate
Local
Established
Established
Established
Informal
Pilot
Country response
Year introduced
Yes
No
2011
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
Yes
50-75%
Yes
50-75%
Yes
50-75%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
313
Singapore
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
Intermediate
Intermediate
Intermediate
National
Intermediate
Established
Established
Established
Established
Established
Established
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
Intermediate
National
National
Local
Established
Established
Established
Established
Informal
Health system level**
Programme type**
Intermediate
National
Intermediate
Established
Established
Informal
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
18%
‡
Yes
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
314
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Slovenia
Population (000s)
2,072
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
28,130
Life expectancy at birth (years)
80
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
9.2
—
ICT Development Index rank
28
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
—
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
46
Internet users (% population)
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
108.61
70
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
No
No
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
‡
N/A
N/A
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
No
No
No
77%
40%
63%
42%
>75%
Zero
Zero
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
No
28%
48%
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
50-75%
50-75%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
31%
No
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
Yes
34%
—
22%
Yes
39%
Yes
29%
Yes
32%
No
18%
Yes
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
315
WHO European Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
‡
‡
‡
Local
‡
‡
‡
‡
Pilot
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
316
Slovenia
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
Intermediate
‡
Local
‡
‡
Local
Established
‡
‡
‡
‡
Pilot
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
National
Local
Local
‡
‡
Established
Pilot
Informal
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
‡
Local
Pilot
‡
Pilot
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
17%
8%
‡
‡
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
317
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Somalia
Population (000s)
10,496
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
—
Life expectancy at birth (years)
54
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
—
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
0.04
ICT Development Index rank
—
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
0.11
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
—
22.56
Internet users (% population)
1.4
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
No
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
2014
N/A
2012
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
No
No
No
No
77%
40%
63%
42%
Zero
Zero
Zero
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
N/A
N/A
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
—
No
74%
77%
N/A
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
—
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
—
34%
—
22%
—
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
No
—
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
318
WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
—
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
319
Somalia
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
‡
‡
‡
‡
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
‡
‡
‡
‡
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
—
—
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
320
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
South Africa
Population (000s)
52,776
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
12,240
Life expectancy at birth (years)
60
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
8.9
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
0.78
ICT Development Index rank
84
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
5.11
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
28
130.56
Internet users (% population)
41
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
‡
2012
2011
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
77%
40%
63%
42%
50-75%
Zero
25-50%
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
No
74%
77%
<25%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
—
31%
Yes
46%
Yes
78%
No
54%
No
34%
No
22%
—
39%
No
29%
‡
32%
No
18%
‡
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
321
WHO African Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
‡
‡
‡
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
322
South Africa
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
Regional
Regional
Local
‡
Regional, National, Local
‡
Established
Pilot
Pilot
‡
Pilot, Established
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
Local
National, Local
‡
‡
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
Regional
National
Established
Established
Established
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
—
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
—
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
—
No
No
No
No
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
323
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
South Sudan
Population (000s)
11,296
Life expectancy at birth (years)
56
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
2,190
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
2.2
ICT Development Index rank
—
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
—
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
—
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
—
Internet users (% population)
21.22
—
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
No
No
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
2012
N/A
N/A
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
No
No
Yes
No
77%
40%
63%
42%
Zero
Zero
<25%
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
No
No
74%
77%
N/A
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
No
46%
No
78%
No
54%
No
34%
No
22%
No
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
No
—
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
324
WHO African Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
325
South Sudan
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
‡
Intermediate, Local
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Pilot
‡
‡
‡
‡
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Health system level**
Programme type**
National, Intermediate, Local
‡
‡
‡
‡
Established
‡
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
No
No
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
No
No
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
326
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Spain
Population (000s)
46,927
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
31,850
Life expectancy at birth (years)
83
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
8.9
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
4.95
ICT Development Index rank
27
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
5.67
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
32
108.36
Internet users (% population)
72
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
No
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
1978
N/A
1987
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
77%
40%
63%
42%
>75%
<25%
<25%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
28%
48%
1978
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
<25%
25-50%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
Yes
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
Yes
34%
Yes
22%
Yes
39%
Yes
29%
Yes
32%
Yes
18%
Yes
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
327
WHO European Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
Health system level**
Programme type**
All
Intl, Reg, Intm, Loc
Regional, Intermediate, Local
Regional, Intermediate, Local
Reg, Nat, Intm, Loc
Established
Established
Pilot, Established
Pilot, Established
Pilot, Established
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
Country response
Year introduced
Yes
Yes
2009
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
Yes
>75%
Yes
50-75%
Yes
50-75%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
328
Spain
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Intl, Reg, Nat, Loc
All
Regional
Regional
Regional
Regional, Local
Established
Informal, Established
Established
Established
Pilot
Pilot, Established
Accessing/providing health information
Health system level**
Programme type**
Regional
National
International, Regional,
National
Local
Regional
Pilot
Established
Pilot, Established
Health system level**
Programme type**
Regional, Local
‡
Regional
Pilot
‡
Pilot
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
Informal
Established
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
329
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Sudan
Population (000s)
37,964
Life expectancy at birth (years)
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
2,370
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
6.5
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
0.28
ICT Development Index rank
119
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
0.84
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
7
63
74.36
Internet users (% population)
21
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
2012
2005
2012
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
77%
40%
63%
42%
25-50%
<25%
<25%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
N/A
Yes
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
No
No
74%
77%
N/A
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
31%
No
46%
Yes
78%
—
54%
No
34%
No
22%
No
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
330
WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
‡
‡
‡
‡
Pilot
‡
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
331
Sudan
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Health system level**
Programme type**
National, Intermediate
National, Intermediate
‡
Intermediate
National
‡
Established
Established
‡
Established
Established
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
‡
‡
‡
Intermediate
Established
‡
‡
‡
Established
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
National
‡
‡
Established
‡
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
—
—
No
—
—
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
332
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Sweden
Population (000s)
9,571
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
44,760
Life expectancy at birth (years)
82
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
9.7
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
3.93
ICT Development Index rank
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
0.74
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
28
2
124.57
Internet users (% population)
94
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
Yes
No
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
N/A
2010
N/A
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
No
—
Yes
77%
40%
63%
42%
>75%
Zero
Zero
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
Yes
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
>75%
>75%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
31%
—
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
Yes
34%
No
22%
—
39%
Yes
29%
Yes
32%
Yes
18%
Yes
28%
—
—
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
333
WHO European Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
International, Regional,
National
Intermediate, Local
Intermediate
National, Intermediate
International, Intermediate
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
Programme type**
Established
Pilot, Established
Established
Pilot, Established
Pilot, Established
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
334
Sweden
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Health system level**
Programme type**
International
National
National, Intermediate
National, Intermediate
International, National,
Intermediate
Intermediate
Established
Established
Established
Established
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
Intermediate
National
National, Intermediate
Established
Established
Established
Established
Established
Health system level**
Programme type**
Intermediate
Intermediate
Intermediate
Established
Established
Established
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
Established
Established
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
—
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
335
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Switzerland
Population (000s)
8,078
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
56,580
Life expectancy at birth (years)
83
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
11.5
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
4.05
ICT Development Index rank
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
0.32
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
52
13
130.22
Internet users (% population)
85.2
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
No
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
1996
2007
N/A
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
77%
40%
63%
42%
<25%
<25%
Zero
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
28%
48%
2010
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
<25%
>75%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
31%
Yes
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
No
34%
No
22%
Yes
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
336
WHO European Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
Regional
Regional
Local
‡
Local
Established
Informal
Informal
‡
Informal
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
337
Switzerland
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
Regional
Regional
‡
Local
Local
‡
Established
Established
‡
Informal
Informal
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
Local
Regional
Local
Local
Established
Informal
Pilot
Informal
Informal
Health system level**
Programme type**
Regional
‡
‡
Pilot
‡
‡
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
—
No
—
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
—
Yes
No
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
338
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Syrian Arab Republic
Population (000s)
21,898
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
—
Life expectancy at birth (years)
76
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
3.3
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
1.46
ICT Development Index rank
102
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
1.87
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
59.30
Internet users (% population)
24.3
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
15
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
No
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
1975
N/A
1990
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
No
No
Yes
No
77%
40%
63%
42%
Zero
Zero
<25%
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
N/A
N/A
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
No
Yes
74%
77%
N/A
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
No
46%
Yes
78%
No
54%
No
34%
No
22%
No
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
339
WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
340
Syrian Arab Republic
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
National
‡
National
‡
Established
Established
Established
‡
Established
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
International
‡
‡
‡
Established
Established
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
National
‡
‡
Established
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
No
No
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
No
No
No
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
341
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Tajikistan
Population (000s)
8,208
Life expectancy at birth (years)
69
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
2,500
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
6.8
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
1.92
ICT Development Index rank
—
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
5.02
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
52
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
81.51
Internet users (% population)
14.5
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
‡
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
2010
‡
2011
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
No
Yes
No
77%
40%
63%
42%
25-50%
Zero
25-50%
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
—
Yes
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
25-50%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
Yes
46%
Yes
78%
No
54%
No
34%
No
22%
No
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
Yes
—
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
342
WHO European Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
Regional, National
‡
‡
‡
‡
Informal
Country response
Year introduced
Yes
No
2013
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
Yes
<25%
Yes
<25%
Yes
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
343
Tajikistan
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Regional
Regional, National
Regional
Regional, National
Regional, National
Regional
Established
Informal
Established
Established
Established
Established
Accessing/providing health information
Health system level**
Programme type**
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Regional, National
Regional
Regional, National
Regional, National
Regional, National
Established
Informal
Informal
Informal
Informal
Collecting health information
Health system level**
Programme type**
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
Regional, National
Regional, National
Regional
Established
Established
Informal
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
—
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
‡
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
344
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Timor-Leste
Population (000s)
1,133
Life expectancy at birth (years)
67
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
6,410
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
1.3
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
0.07
ICT Development Index rank
—
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
1.11
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
59
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
55.74
Internet users (% population)
0.9
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
No
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
2010
N/A
2012
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
77%
40%
63%
42%
‡
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
—
—
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
No
No
74%
77%
N/A
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
No
46%
No
78%
No
54%
No
34%
No
22%
No
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
Yes
—
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
345
WHO South-East Asia Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
Yes
No
‡
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
No
N/A
No
N/A
Yes
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
No
No
No
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
Yes
No
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
346
Timor-Leste
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
Intermediate
‡
National
‡
Established
Established
Established
‡
Established
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
Intermediate
‡
‡
‡
‡
Established
‡
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
Local
‡
‡
Pilot
‡
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
—
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
—
—
Yes
—
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
—
—
—
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
—
—
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
347
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Trinidad and Tobago
Population (000s)
1,341
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
26,210
Life expectancy at birth (years)
71
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
5.5
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
1.18
ICT Development Index rank
66
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
3.56
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
26
140.84
Internet users (% population)
59.5
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
‡
‡
‡
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
—
Yes
—
77%
40%
63%
42%
<25%
‡
<25%
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
—
No
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
<25%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
31%
Yes
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
No
34%
No
22%
No
39%
No
29%
Yes
32%
—
18%
Yes
28%
Yes
—
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
348
WHO Region of the Americas
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
Health system level**
Programme type**
International
‡
‡
‡
‡
Informal
‡
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
—
No
—
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
No
No
No
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
349
Trinidad and Tobago
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
‡
Local
Local
National
Intermediate
Established
‡
Informal
Informal
Pilot
Informal
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
International
Intermediate
International
International
Informal
Established
Pilot
Established
Established
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
National
‡
Informal
Pilot
‡
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
350
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Tunisia
Population (000s)
10,997
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
10,960
Life expectancy at birth (years)
76
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
7.1
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
1.22
ICT Development Index rank
91
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
3.28
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
21
118.08
Internet users (% population)
41.4
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
‡
‡
No
‡
75%
58%
66%
22%
‡
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
‡
‡
—
‡
77%
40%
63%
42%
>75%
‡
‡
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
‡
‡
28%
48%
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
‡
‡
74%
77%
‡
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
‡
31%
‡
46%
‡
78%
‡
54%
‡
34%
‡
22%
‡
39%
‡
29%
‡
32%
‡
18%
‡
28%
‡
‡
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
351
WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
‡
‡
‡
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
No
N/A
No
N/A
No
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
No
No
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
‡
‡
‡
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
No
No
No
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
No
No
No
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
352
Tunisia
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
‡
18%
‡
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
‡
‡
17%
8%
‡
‡
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
353
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Turkey
Population (000s)
74,933
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
18,760
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
1.71
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
2.40
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
25
Life expectancy at birth (years)
75
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
5.6
ICT Development Index rank
69
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
91.46
Internet users (% population)
45.1
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
No
No
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
2013
N/A
N/A
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
No
No
No
77%
40%
63%
42%
<25%
Zero
Zero
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
—
74%
77%
‡
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
31%
Yes
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
Yes
34%
Yes
22%
Yes
39%
Yes
29%
Yes
32%
Yes
18%
Yes
28%
—
—
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
354
WHO European Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
National
National
National
Established
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Country response
Year introduced
Yes
Yes
2008
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
Yes
>75%
Yes
>75%
Yes
>75%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
355
Turkey
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
National
National
National
National
Established
Established
Pilot
Pilot
Established
Established
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
National
National
National
Pilot
Established
Established
Pilot
Established
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
National
Established
Established
Established
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
—
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
—
—
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
356
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Turkmenistan
Population (000s)
5,240
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
12,920
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
4.18
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
9.04
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
40
Life expectancy at birth (years)
64
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
2
ICT Development Index rank
—
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
76.42
Internet users (% population)
7.2
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
75%
58%
66%
22%
2010
2010
2010
2006
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
—
—
—
77%
40%
63%
42%
50-75%
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
Yes
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
50-75%
50-75%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
31%
Yes
46%
Yes
78%
No
54%
No
34%
No
22%
Yes
39%
No
29%
No
32%
‡
18%
Yes
28%
—
—
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
357
WHO European Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
National
‡
‡
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
Yes
Yes
2010
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
Yes
25-50%
Yes
25-50%
Yes
25-50%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
No
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
358
Turkmenistan
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
‡
Intl, Reg, Nat
Intl, Reg, Nat
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Accessing/providing health information
Health system level**
Programme type**
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
National
Intl, Reg, Nat
Regional, National
‡
Regional, National
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Collecting health information
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
‡
‡
‡
‡
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
No
No
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
No
No
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
‡
‡
17%
8%
‡
‡
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
359
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Uganda
Population (000s)
37,579
Life expectancy at birth (years)
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
1,370
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
9.8
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
0.12
ICT Development Index rank
130
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
1.31
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
45.00
Internet users (% population)
14.7
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
5
59
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
2000
2012
2009
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
No
Yes
No
77%
40%
63%
42%
<25%
Zero
<25%
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
No
28%
48%
2000
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
50-75%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
Yes
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
No
34%
No
22%
Yes
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
360
WHO African Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
National
National
Local
Established
Established
Established
Pilot
Pilot
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
361
Uganda
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
Intermediate
Local
National
Local
Regional
Intermediate
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Informal
Established
Pilot
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
All
Local
All
Local
Pilot
Established
Established
Established
Established
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
Regional, National
International, Regional,
National
Established
Established
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
Established
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
18%
2008
Yes
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
362
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Ukraine
Population (000s)
45,239
Life expectancy at birth (years)
71
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
8,960
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
7.8
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
3.54
ICT Development Index rank
68
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
7.67
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
87
130.34
Internet users (% population)
33.7
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
1993
2013
2012
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
77%
40%
63%
42%
<25%
<25%
<25%
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
No
28%
48%
2012
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
>75%
25-50%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
No
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
No
34%
No
22%
No
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
No
No
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
363
WHO European Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
Intermediate
Regional
Intermediate
Local
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Informal
Informal
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
364
Ukraine
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Health system level**
Programme type**
Regional, Local
Local
Local
Intermediate
National
Local
Pilot, Established
Informal, Pilot
Informal
Informal
Established
Informal
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
National
Intermediate
Intermediate
Intermediate
Informal
Established
Pilot
Informal
Informal
Health system level**
Programme type**
Intermediate
Intermediate
Intermediate
Informal
Informal
Pilot
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
No
No
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
No
No
No
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
365
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Population (000s)
63,136
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
35,760
Life expectancy at birth (years)
81
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
9.1
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
2.81
ICT Development Index rank
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
8.80
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
33
8
135.29
Internet users (% population)
87
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
75%
58%
66%
22%
2012
2012
2014
2012
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
No
No
Yes
77%
40%
63%
42%
>75%
Zero
Zero
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
Yes
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
25-50%
50-75%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
Yes
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
Yes
34%
No
22%
Yes
39%
Yes
29%
No
32%
No
18%
Yes
28%
Yes
No
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
366
WHO European Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
Local
Local
Local
Intermediate
Informal
Informal
Informal
Informal
Established
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
367
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
Intermediate
Intermediate
Intermediate
National
Intermediate
Established
Established
Established
Informal
Established
Established
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
National
National
National
Intermediate
Established
Established
Established
Established
Established
Health system level**
Programme type**
Intermediate
Intermediate
Intermediate
Informal
Established
Established
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
18%
2012
Yes
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
17%
8%
2014
‡
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
368
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
United States of America
Population (000s)
320,051
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
53,960
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
2.45
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
9.82
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
30
Life expectancy at birth (years)
79
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
17.1
ICT Development Index rank
17
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
95.45
Internet users (% population)
81
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
Yes
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
N/A
2005
2015
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
Yes
No
No
77%
40%
63%
42%
‡
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
—
Yes
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
<25%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
31%
Yes
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
Yes
34%
No
22%
Yes
39%
Yes
29%
Yes
32%
No
18%
No
28%
Yes
No
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
369
WHO Region of the Americas
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
Health system level**
Programme type**
Intermediate
Intermediate
Intermediate
Intermediate
Intermediate
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
—
—
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
370
United States of America
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
‡
National
‡
‡
Established
Established
‡
Established
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
National
National
National
‡
‡
Established
Established
Established
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
‡
‡
Established
‡
‡
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
371
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Uruguay
Population (000s)
3,407
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
18,930
Life expectancy at birth (years)
77
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
8.8
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
3.74
ICT Development Index rank
47
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
5.55
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
12
147.13
Internet users (% population)
55.1
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
75%
58%
66%
22%
2007
2012
N/A
2014
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
No
Yes
No
77%
40%
63%
42%
25-50%
Zero
50-75%
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
N/A
N/A
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
<25%
50-75%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
31%
Yes
46%
Yes
78%
Yes
54%
Yes
34%
No
22%
Yes
39%
Yes
29%
Yes
32%
Yes
18%
No
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
372
WHO Region of the Americas
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
Local
‡
‡
Local
Pilot
Informal
‡
‡
Pilot
Country response
Year introduced
Yes
Yes
2014
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
Yes
<25%
Yes
<25%
Yes
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
373
Uruguay
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
National
National
‡
‡
Established
Established
Established
Informal
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
International
National
National
Local
Established
Established
Established
Established
Informal
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
National
‡
‡
Pilot
‡
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
—
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
374
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Uzbekistan
Population (000s)
28,934
Life expectancy at birth (years)
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
5,340
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
6.1
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
2.53
ICT Development Index rank
104
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
11.94
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
71.03
Internet users (% population)
36.5
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
46
69
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
75%
58%
66%
22%
1996
2009
2013
2011
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
77%
40%
63%
42%
50-75%
<25%
25-50%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
—
Yes
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
>75%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
Yes
46%
Yes
78%
No
54%
Yes
34%
Yes
22%
No
39%
Yes
29%
Yes
32%
No
18%
No
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
375
WHO European Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
Local
National
‡
Intermediate
Informal
Informal
Established
‡
Pilot
Country response
Year introduced
Yes
No
2015
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
Yes
<25%
Yes
<25%
Yes
25-50%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
376
Uzbekistan
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
Local
Intermediate
‡
Local
Established
Pilot
Informal
Pilot
‡
Informal
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
National
National
National
Intermediate
‡
Established
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Health system level**
Programme type**
Intermediate
Local
Intermediate
Pilot
Informal
Pilot
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
—
17%
8%
2013
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
377
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Viet Nam
Population (000s)
91,680
Life expectancy at birth (years)
76
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
5,030
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
6
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
1.19
ICT Development Index rank
88
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
1.24
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
31
147.66
Internet users (% population)
39.5
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
Yes
—
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
2013
2006
N/A
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
77%
40%
63%
42%
<25%
<25%
<25%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
Yes
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
<25%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
31%
No
46%
No
78%
No
54%
No
34%
No
22%
No
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
—
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
378
WHO Western Pacific Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
Intermediate
International, National
‡
‡
Established
Established
Established
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
379
Viet Nam
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Health system level**
Programme type**
International, National
International, National
‡
‡
National
‡
Established
Established
‡
‡
Established
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
National
‡
‡
‡
‡
Pilot
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
‡
National
‡
‡
Established
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
—
—
—
—
—
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
Yes
17%
8%
N/A
2015
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
380
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Zambia
Population (000s)
14,539
Life expectancy at birth (years)
58
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
3,070
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
0.17
ICT Development Index rank
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
0.78
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
74.78
Internet users (% population)
13.5
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
20
5
132
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
Yes
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
N/A
2013
2009
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
No
Yes
No
77%
40%
63%
42%
<25%
Zero
25-50%
Zero
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
<25%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
No
46%
Yes
78%
No
54%
No
34%
No
22%
No
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
381
WHO African Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
Health system level**
Programme type**
Intermediate
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Country response
Year introduced
Yes
No
2009
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
Yes
25-50%
Yes
<25%
No
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
Yes
No
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
382
Zambia
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
National
National
‡
‡
National
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
‡
Intermediate
Intermediate
Intermediate
‡
‡
‡
‡
‡
Health system level**
Programme type**
‡
National
National
Pilot
‡
‡
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
—
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
No
17%
8%
N/A
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
383
© 2016 WHO
Country
context*
Zimbabwe
Population (000s)
14,150
Life expectancy at birth (years)
59
GNI per capita (PPP Int $)
1,560
Total health expenditure (% GDP)
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
0.08
ICT Development Index rank
Nurse & midwife density (per 10 000 population)
1.34
Mobile-cellular subscriptions (% population)
91.91
Internet users (% population)
17.1
Hospital bed density (per 10 000 population)
17
—
115
1. eHealth foundations
National policies or strategies
National universal health coverage policy or strategy
National eHealth policy or strategy
National health information system (HIS) policy or strategy
National telehealth policy or strategy
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
Yes
Yes
No
75%
58%
66%
22%
N/A
2012
2006
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Funding source %**
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
77%
40%
63%
42%
<25%
<25%
<25%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
Yes
28%
48%
N/A
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Proportion**
Yes
Yes
74%
77%
25-50%
<25%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
No
31%
No
46%
No
78%
No
54%
No
34%
No
22%
No
39%
No
29%
No
32%
No
18%
No
28%
Yes
Yes
76%
65%
Funding sources for eHealth
Public funding
Private or commercial funding
Donor/non-public funding
Public-private partnerships
Multilingualism in eHealth
Policy or strategy on multilingualism
Government-supported Internet sites in multiple languages
eHealth capacity building
Health sciences students – Pre-service training in eHealth
Health professionals – In-service training in eHealth
2. Legal frameworks for eHealth
Policy or legislation – purpose
Defines medical jurisdiction, liability or reimbursement of eHealth services such
as telehealth
Addresses patient safety and quality of care based on data quality, data
transmission standards or clinical competency criteria
Protects the privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of
whether it is in paper or digital format
Protects the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic
format in an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in other
health services in the same country through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of digital data between health professionals in health
services in other countries through the use of an EHR
Governs the sharing of personal and health data between research entities
Allows individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when
held in an EHR
Allows individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when
held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate
Allows individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR
Allows individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be
shared with health professionals of their choice
Governs civil registration and vital statistics
Governs national identification management systems
384
WHO African Region
3. Telehealth
Telehealth programmes country overview
Teleradiology
Teledermatology
Telepathology
Telepsychiatry
Remote patient monitoring
Health system level**
Programme type**
National, Intermediate
‡
Local
‡
Local
‡
Informal
Established
‡
Pilot
Country response
Year introduced
No
‡
N/A
Use EHR
Facilities with EHR %**
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
N/A
‡
Country response
Global "yes" response§
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35%
18%
33%
26%
10%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
58%
69%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
39%
50%
47%
38%
42%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
58%
30%
47%
46%
31%
34%
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR country overview
National EHR system
Legislation governing the use of the national EHR system
Health facilities with EHR
Primary care facilities
(e.g. clinics and health care centres)
Secondary care facilities
(e.g. hospitals, emergency care)
Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care, referral from
primary/secondary care)
Other electronic systems
Laboratory information systems
Pathology information systems
Pharmacy information systems
PACS
Automatic vaccination alerting system
ICT-assisted functions
Electronic medical billing systems
Supply chain management information systems
Human resources for health information systems
5. Use of eLearning in health sciences
eLearning programmes country overview
Health sciences students – Pre-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
Health professionals – In-service
Medicine
Dentistry
Public health
Nursing & midwifery
Pharmacy
Biomedical/Life sciences
385
Zimbabwe
6. mHealth
mHealth programmes country overview
Accessing/providing health services
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
Local
Local
‡
National
Local
‡
Pilot
Pilot
Informal, Established
Informal, Established
Pilot
Health system level**
Programme type**
National
Local
Local
Local
‡
Pilot
Established
Informal
Informal
Informal
Health system level**
Programme type**
Local
National
National
Established
Established
Established
Toll-free emergency
Health call centres
Appointment reminders
Mobile telehealth
Management of disasters and emergencies
Treatment adherence
Accessing/providing health information
Community mobilization
Access to information, databases and tools
Patient records
mLearning
Decision support systems
Collecting health information
Patient monitoring
Health surveys
Disease surveillance
7. Social media
Social media and health
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
No
18%
N/A
‡
5%
National policy or strategy on the use of social media by
government organizations
Policy or strategy makes specific reference to its use in the
health domain
Health care organizations – use of social media
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
78%
24%
56%
72%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
79%
56%
62%
62%
59%
Country response
Global "yes" response§
Year adopted
Yes
No
17%
8%
‡
N/A
Promote health messages as a part of health promotion campaigns
Help manage patient appointments
Seek feedback on services
Make general health announcements
Make emergency announcements
Individuals and communities – use of social media
Learn about health issues
Help decide what health services to use
Provide feedback to health facilities or health professionals
Run community-based health campaigns
Participate in community-based health forums
8. Big data
Policy or strategy – purpose
Governing the use of big data in the health sector
Governing the use of big data by private companies
Legend
*
International level: Health entities in different geographic regions
Regional level:
Health entities in countries in the same geographic region
National level:
Referral hospitals, laboratories and health institutes (mainly
public, but also private)
Intermediate level: District or provincial facilities: public and private hospitals
and health centres
Local or peripheral level: Health posts, health centres providing basic level of care
Informal: Use of ICT for health purposes in the absence of formal
processes and policies
Pilot: Testing and evaluating a programme
Established:
An ongoing programme that has been conducted for a
minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue
Country context indicators
ICT Development Index Rank. 2015 - https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2015/
All other country indicators. Global Health Observatory. 2012-2014 http://www.who.int/gho
** Glossary
§
Indicates the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes”
— Don’t know
N/A Not applicable
‡
Indicates question was unanswered
Question not asked
Zero No funding
http://www.who.int/goe
386
© 2016 WHO
Atlas of eHealth
country profiles
The use of eHealth in support
of universal health coverage
Based on the findings of the
third global survey on eHealth 2015
Global Observatory for eHealth
ISBN 978 92 4 156521 9