NEW ARTIFICIAL BLOOD
OBJETIVES OF THE UNIT:
By the end of this unit you should be able to write a
descprition of a medical experiment using the passive voice.
TIM NECESSARY :
About 9 hours, that is 1 hour a day for 9 days.
UNITS OR LESSONS TO BE REVIEWED :
Passive voice.
MATERIAL TO BE PREPARED :
Articles and magazines about medicine in English
REFERENCES :
Newlines: Unit 12 - Midlines : Unit 11
UNIT PLAN
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
GETTING READY
LEISURE TIME
D. W.U WORDS
ACTIVITY 1
C D W. U. WORDS
ACTIVITY 2
WORD STUDAY
ACTIVITIES 3 5.
WORD STUDY
ACTIVITY 5
ACTIVITY 6
- USE OF ENGLISH
- PATTERN SUMMARY
- ACTIVITY 7
- LEISURE TIME
- KEY
32
GETTING READY
study the pecture above :
- what does it suggest to you?
-who are these persons
- what are they doing?
-where are they?
Read the text and do the following activities
1. who receive blood transfusions and now must depend upon donated , natural
blood suplies. For one thing , artificial blood does not need to match the
particular blood .
15. type of the recipient , it is universally accepted . Perhaps more important , it
is free of the risks of communicable diseases such as hepatitis or AIDS
( acquired immune deficiency syndrome ). And unlike natural blood ,
Fluosol -DA can be carried easily in
20.
ambulances , Scientists at green cross corp. have also developed a second
generation of this blood substitute that solves the problem of blood storage
Donated blood
Has a shelf life of only a few weeks .Even the original Fluosol -DA , which lasts
significantly
33
25. longer, needs to be stored in a frozen state. But the new blood substitute
can be stored for long periods at room temperature without deteriorating . Green
Cross spokesmen It . Komatsu says that the new artificial blood has been
30. Under development for about two years, and so far it promises to last that
long. But its actual room - temperature shelf life may turn out to be even longer
as research continues Green Cross is planning to manufacture the original.
35. Fluosol -DA about a year from now .It is currently under going tests by
the Food and Drug Administration in the United States and government
approval is also being sought in Japan .The never version many be ready for
40. clinical use in four or five years.
DEALING WITH UNFAMILIAR WORDS
1. recipient (l. 15) .
storage (l 23) .
2.
3.
frozen
(l 25) .
4. deteriorating (l . 27 . 28)
person who receives.
provisions.
very cold - icy.
getting bad - being spoilt.
ACTIVITY 2 . 1
COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS ;
Read the text and answer the following questions in note - form :
1 . What have scientists just found ?
2 . What is fluosol - DA ?
3 . What is it colour ?
4 . Is it already used in hospitals ?
5 . Does human blood deteriorate at room temperature ?
6 . When will Fluosol - DA be used ?
7 . Will its room. temperature shelf life be improved ?
8 . Does this artificial blood carry oxygen throughout the body ?
9 . Is this new blood being tested at the moment ?
34
DEALING WITH UNFAMILIAR WORDS
Read the text and find words that have the same
meaning as the following
L . 3 . 1 . replacement :
L . 5 . 2 . period of ten years :
L . 8 . 3 . operative of giving good results :
L . 25 . 4 . congealed or very very cold :
L . 27 . 28 . 5. becoming worse or spoiling :
L . 34 . 6 . to manufacture or to make :
L . 33 . 7 . search or pursuit :
L . 29 . 8 . not natural :
ACTIVITY 2 . 2 :
Read the text again and answer the following question in full
sentences :
1. Who had the first the idea of this blood substitute ?
2. When was it ?
3. Who took it over ?
4. What are the risks of human blood ?
5. Why will this man -made blood substitute be a relief for patients ?
6. What is it currently undergoing ?
7 What has to be done before Fluosol-DA can be clinically used ?
35
WORD STUDY
A. Complete the following table by adding either the corresponding
verb or noun . (they are used in the text ) .
NOUN
VERB
1. ________________________
2. __________________________
3.__________________________
4. development
5. __________________________
6. substitute
7. __________________________
8. deterioration
9. __________________________
10. research
11._________________________
12._________________________
to bleed
to approve
to progress
_____________________
to defend
___________________
to store
___________________
to refine
___________________
to use
to communicate
B.
Atudy the following wordsTry to find words that have
approximately the same meaning.Then provide the opposite and complete
the following table :
WORD
SIMILAR MEANING IF
POSSIBLE
OPPOSITE
1 . operative
2 . to worsen
3 . artificial
4 . to approve
5 . to progress
6 . acceptable
7 . recipient
ACTIVITY 2 . 3 :
Read the text again and make a list of the advantages of Fluosol DA.
36
ACTIVITY 2 . 4 :
Find out the advantages and disadvantages of human blood
compared to Fluosol - DA and complete the following table :
ADVANTAGES
DISAVANTAGES
HUMAN
BLOOD
FLUOSOL - DA
WORDS STUDY :
Fluosol - DA is free of the communicable diseases such as hepatitis or
AIDS (SIDA) .
Hepatitis is the name of the disease, it is an inflamation of the liver.
Otitis is an inflamation of the ear
Bronchetis is an inflamation of the brochi.
When you feel apain or ache in your :
head : you have a headache.
stomach : you have a stomachache.
back : you have a backache.
tooth : you have a toothache.
ACTIVITY 2 . 5 :
Here is some information about human blood but itis in a scrambled
order. order the sentences. Remember one sentence is irrelevant and
should be left out.
A. If the white cells are defeated, a person becomes very ill and may die.
B. This prevented the sick person from getting better.
C. In our blood there are red and white cells which can only be seen under a
microscope.
37
D. He studied these germs to understand their reactions.
E .Until the first world war, antiseptics were used to kill germs but unfortunately
those antiseptics often killed the white cells too.
F. These cells protect us against the germs which cause disease.
GETTING READY :
One of the good points of Fluosol - DA is that it won’t transmit. diseases
such as AIDS ( Aids stands for acquired Immune Deficiency syndrome) In
other words, Aids means that the immune system is completely destroyed.
To know more about this dreadful disease, read the following
newspaper article from ( Horison - Tuesday, 16 th , 1990 ).
Ailing Doctor Describes Anguish
4
New york (AP) A 32year- old physician calmly
gave a manhattan jury a
firsthand account of what
it’s like to live with AIDS,
knowing that failing heath
and eventual death lie
ahead.
“ Do you have any fear
about the future ?
“ Dr. veronica prego’s
lawyer, susan M. Karten,
asked.
“ Of course I do, “ a pale
and drawn prego
responded. l have seen
many patients sick with
this disease. I have already
went through a lot myself.
I can see what’s coming,
the same things __
infections, disease and
eventually death ” .
later , under, cross examination in state
supreme court in brooklyn
by defense la- wyer stanley
D. friedman,
Prego firmly rejected
suggestion that she, had
not the intern shewas
working under, had
drawn the Aids - infected
blood that she maintains
passed the fatal disease
to her.
Prego is suing the city
health and hospitals
corp. Kings coutry
hospital and two
physicians for 175
million dollars, charging
negligence. she
maintains she contracted
Aids on JAN 12, 1983,
when she accidentally
pricked her finger on a
contaminated needle
impoperly left in a wad
of soiled bed linen and
other waste.
Prego was taking the
stand again Friday.
In his questioning
Thursday, Friedman tried
to show that Prego had
not Dr. jocey
38
Fogel, who is named in the
suit
- took a blood sample from
an Aids patient and might
herself be responsible for
the accident.
But prego said she went
into a six - person hospital
room and saw Fogel beside
the Aids patient taking a
blood sample.
“ she was bending over.
the patient’s arm was
stretched out. she was
involved in a blood - culture
procedure “ prego said. “ I
have that image in my head.
prego, who arrived about
an hour late at the
courthouse be cause she had
trouble sleeping, began her
testimony by recounting to
the jury the Aids - related
illnesses she has suffered in
the last few years.
ACTIVITY 2 . 6 :
Read the newspaper article and list all the words thatexpress. the
fear or anguish of the patient.
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
39
USE OF ENGLISH
Study the following sentence :
Fluosol - DA is currently undergoing tests.
We can say Fluosol - DA is being tested.
Which form is used here ?
Are we interested in the one who is testing this man - made blood substitute or
are we interested in the blood itself ( action ) ?
It is the passive voice.
What about ?
- It has been under - development for two years.
- Fluosol - DA can be carried easily in ambulances.
- The new blood substitute can be stored for long periods.
study these four pairs of sentences :
1 . a . John Mac Elbow beat gunther yesterday.
b . Gunther was beaten by John Mac Elbow.
2 . a . Ihave not paid the money yet.
b . The mony has not been paid yet.
3 . a . I will send the money tomorrow .
b . The money will be sent tomorrow.
4 . a . I don’t want to send it.
b . I don’t want it to be sent.
a . active voice.
b . passive voice.
We use the passive voice.
1 . When an action is more important than who does it.
2 . When we are not interested in who does the action.
3 . When we don’t want to mention the author of the action.
40
PATTERN SUMMARY
To form the passive we use some forms of << be >>.
is / are
was / were
will be
has / have been
had been
can be
could be
should be
should have been
+ Past PARTICIPLE
I .c done - beaten
seen . . .
SOLUTION TO CROSSWORD PUZZLE
41
ACTIVITY 2 . 7 :
Choose the right answer A B or C and complete the following
sentences.
1 . Murray King was probably . . . . . . . . . . . . . by gangsters
A . killing
B . killed
C . kill.
2 . But the killers have never . . . . . . . . . . . . found.
A . been
B . be
C . being.
3 . Ant the money has never been . . . . . . . . . . . . . to Jennifer.
A . paid
B . paying
C . pay.
4 . In fact, she will never . . . . . . . . . . . . . paid that money.
A . be
B . being
C . been.
5 .Of course, it should . . . . . . . . . . . . . been paid long ago.
A . has
B . had
C . have.
6 . She is going to . . . . . . . . . . . . . interviewd about this T.V. programme.
A . being
B . be
C . been.
7 . It will probably be . . . . . . . . . . . . . by a lot of people.
A . watches
B . watching
C . watched.
42
LEISURE TIME :
Theme : Seven Continents
2
6
9
4
5
CITY ANAGRAMS
6
7
10
12
In each sentence the omitted word is a synonym in
11
parentheses, and is also an anagram of a city
16
described by the sentence. ( that is, the missing
word
and the city are made up of the same letters
arranged
in different order.)
13
14
15
17
18
19
21
8
22
23
24
20
1. Every time Mr. Smith goes to Italy, he enjoys
himself − − − − ( a greater amount ) , − − − −
2. when he travels to Norway, he prefers to travel
25
− − − − ( alone ). − − − −
26
27
28
29
3. The tourists traveled in − − − − ( twos ) on a
30
guided tour of France . − − − −
31
4. Even a − − − − ( person who hoards wealth )
ACROSS
DOWN
1 Coldest continent
1 Second word of two
continents
9 Missouri ( abbr. )
2 Part of speech
10 Brave; confident
11 Preposition
3 Over; on top of; higher
than
12 Continent
4 Heare
13 Organ of hearing
14 Regestered nurse
(abbr)
15 Intensifier
5 An office worker who
keeps accounts and
records; a salesperson
in a
store or shop
16 Eleven (Roman
6 Touchdown ( abbr. )
43
might be tempted to pay for a tour that famous
cathedral city in France. − − − −
5. So many clients signed up for the group
flight to southen Italy that two − − − − − − (
airgraft ) were chartered. − − − − − −
6. Some of the group flight’s − − − − ( single
parts that are constituents of a whole ) made a
stopover in North Africa. − − − − − −
7. One passenger was considered an − − − − −
− ( ungrateful person ) by the others because he
insisted on stopping over at another North
African
city.− − − − −
8. Another chartered plane was leaving for
South America with a cargo of important − − −
−
( postal matter ). − − − −
9. If you want to visit the “ cradle of civilisation
numeral )
17 Table for writing or
studying
"
7 Persuade by kindness,
patience.or flattery
19 Sodium bicarbonate;
carbonated water;
soft
drink
8 Second laregest
continent
21 Island continent
18 Bubble up; reach the
temperature where a
liquid change to gas
26 Without difficulty;
with facility; in a
smooth, free manner
27 Ist person pronoun
.
28 Dry; lacking
moisture;
parched
by heat
29 thus, in the same
manner or way; to a
great extent or degree
31 Region; extent of
space or surface; scope
17 Negative prefix
19 Past tense of slide
in greece, you had better − − − − − ( hurry ) to
make your reservations. − − − − − −
10. Visitors to the West Indian island of − − −
( with Trinidad, an independend state ) often
go on to this city in the northern Andes. − − −
−−
Adapted from Can you solve It ? by gerard
Mosler ( New York : Scholastic book Services,
1965 ). Used by permission.
GEOGRAPHICAL RIDDLES
20 24- hour periods
1. whith was the largest island before Australia
was discovered ?
22 Employ, utilize
23 Pull apart or to
pieces;
damage by pulling
sharply; drop of salty
water cominng from
the eye
24 Unusual; uncommon;
not often occurring
25 Largest continent
27 Possessive pronoun
30 Correlativeof either;
function word used to
indicate an alternative
44
2. what is it that is found in the very center of .
America and Australia ?
3. What part of London is in France ?
4. What continent do you see when you look in
the mirrorin the morning ?
5. What’s the difference between the North
Pole and the South Pole ?
ANSWERS
K E Y
ACTIVITY
PAGE
1.
51
D.W.U.W
52
2.
53
SUGGESTED ANSWERS
1. an artificial substitute for
human blood.
2. It’s a man-made blood
substitute.
3. It’s a milky white liquid.
4. no, it’s not.
5. yes ;it does.
6. in 4 or 5 years.
7. yes, it will.
8. yes, it does.
9. yes, it is
REFERENCES OBSERVATIONS
-RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Read the text carefully.
2. If there are words you
don’t understand, ignore
them, try to grasp the
generalmeaning of the
passage.
3. read your questions
carefully and than you
underlined them them.
4. Finally go back to the text
to fint out the part where you
can get the answer.
1. substitute - 2. decade 3. effective 4. frozen 5. deteriorating - 6. to produce 7 .
research - 8. artificial
1. American scientists have first Locate the parts concerned in
the idea of this blood substitute. the text then answer the
question.
2. a decade ago.
3. medical researchers at the
green gross corp. in Osaka,
Japan.
4. Itis not universally accepted it
can communicate diseases such
as hepatitis or A.I.D.S.
5. Man made blood substitute
will be a relief because it could
be life -saving break-through for
patients who receive blood
transfusions.
6. It’s undergoing texts :
7. Texts have to be carried on by
the food and drug Administration
in the U.S A. In Japan, the
government approval has to be
obtained.
45
K E Y
ACTIVITY
PAGE
Word
study
54
SUGGESTED ANSWERS
1. blood / bleeding.
2. approval.
3. progress.
4.to develop.
5.defence.
6. to substitute.
7.storage.
8.to deteriorate.
9. refenement
REFERENCES - OBSERVATIONS
-RECOMMENDATIONS
notice the formation of some
nouns.
verb = suffix “ al “ = noun
verb = suffix “ age “ = noun
verb = suffix “ ment “ = noun
verb = suffix “ ation “ = noun
you can use a dictionary.
10. to search -11. the use.
B
55
3
56
12. communication.
ineffective
1. effective
to get better natural
2. to get bad
to disagree
3. man - made
to disapprove
4. to agree
to regress
to confirm
to stop.
5. to advance
unacceptable worthless.
to get on
giver donor
6. satisfactory worth
7. receiver
Advantages of Fluosol - DA :- it doesn’t need to match the
particular blood type of the recipient.
- it Is universally accepted .
- it is free of the risks of
communicating diseases.
- it can be easily carried in
ambulances.
- it can be stored for long periods at
room temperature without
deteriorating.
4.
58
HUMAN BLOOD. ADVANTAGES.
- It’s naturel.
- It has some components which
can’t be found in the artificial
blood
46
you can now use these
ideas in a list form
think of an introduction
think of a conclusion
And then you have a
very good composition
look at the
information in the
texte .
focus on the
description of blood.
K E Y
ACTIVI
TY
PAG
E
SUGGESTED ANSWERS
REFERENCES OBSERVATIONSRECOMMENDATIONS
HUMANBLOOD DISADVANTAGES
- patients must depent upon donated
natural blood supplies.
- it needs to match the particular
blood type of the recipient.
- it’s not free of the risks of
communicable diseases.
- it can’t be carried in ambulances.
it has a shelf life of only a few weeks.
ARTIFICIALBLOOD. ADVANTAGZES
- it could be life - saving break
through for patients who receive
blood transfusions.
- it doesn’t need to match the
particulat blood type of the recipient.
- it is free of the risks of
communicable diseases.
- it can be easily carried in
ambulances.
- it can be stored for long periods
without deteriorating.
DISADVANTAGES
- it can never replace natural blood
completely.
5.
58
C.E.B.A.F. ( D is irrelevant )
6.
60
infections - disease - death - Fatal
disease - failing health - death lies
ahead – negligence - the accident.
47
Use a pencil if you
write on your blooklet you can easily rub it
out for later use.
K E Y
ACTIVITY
PAGE
SUGGESTED ANSWERS
7.
64
1. B - 2. A - 3. A - 4. A 5. C - 6. B - 7. B.
48
REFERENCES - OBSERVATIONS
-RECOMMENDATIONS