UsingEmailforAppreciativeAdvising DanielleLeek,PhD AssociateProfessor,SchoolofCommunications GrandValleyStateUniversity Presentedat:FallAcademicAdvisingConference GrandValleyStateUniversity,Holland,MI November13,2016 1 Introduction GrandValleyStateUniversityislocatedinAllendale,Michigan.IfMichiganisknownasa “winterwonderland,”thenGrandValleyislocatedintheheartoftheicylandscape,justmilesfrom LakeMichigan,inapartofthestatethatIliketocallthearea’s“snowbucket.”Lakeeffectsnowis commonfromNovembertoApril,andthiscanmaketraveltoandfromcampustreacherousatbest. Theuniversity’sannualregistrationperiodisinMarch,andthustheweathercreateschallengesfor studentsandfacultyacademicadvisorswhotrytomakeface‐to‐facemeetingstotalkaboutcourse scheduling. Duringoneparticularlybadwinter,Ifoundmyselfdoingmostofmyacademicadvisingby emailandphone.Atfirst,Iwasfrustratedbytheprocess;Iamcommittedtoengagingin appreciativeadvising,andthisapproachismostoftendescribedintermsofface‐to‐face interactions.Butnecessityreallycanbethe“motherofinvention.”Bycollaboratingwithmy adviseesonlineIwasabletogetthroughthewinter,andtheregistrationprocess,successfully.This promptedmetoexplorethepotentialforemailtoworkintheframeworkofappreciativeadvising moregenerally.SpecificallyIwondered,“Canemailserveasaneffectivemediumforappreciative advising?” Afterreviewingthephasesofappreciativeadvising,Iworkedwithmyadviseestoidentify thetypesofmessagesthattheyfoundmosteffective.ForthepasttwoyearsI’vebeenusingthese emailmessagesaspartofmyadvisingtoolkit.Eachyear,Isurveymyadviseestoassesstheir satisfactionwiththeadvisingthattheyreceive.Sofar,theprojecthasbeenasuccess.Students reportthattheyreceiveeffectiveadvising,andIfindthatusingemailisanaturalfitforwhatneeds tobeaccomplishedwhenadvisingwithappreciation. Inthefollowingsections,Iexplaintheprocessofappreciativeadvising,explorethe limitationsofelectroniccommunicationwithstudents,andIdescribehowemailcanbeusedto engageinanappreciativeadvisingexperiencewithundergraduates. AppreciativeAdvising Appreciativeadvisingis“theintentionalcollaborativepracticeofaskingopen‐ended questionsthathelpstudentsoptimizetheireducationalexperiencesandachievetheirdreams, goals,andpotentials.Itisperhapsthebestexampleofafullystudent‐centeredapproachtostudent development”(AppreciativeAdvising,2015).Appreciativeadvisingpositionsstudentsastravelers andadvisorsasmentorsandguidesasstudentscompletetheiracademicjourney.Appreciative advisingcallsonadvisorstohelpstudentsturnnegativethinkingintopositiveperspectiveson what“canbe”fromtheireducationexperience.Studentswhoworkwithadvisorswhoengagein appreciativeadvisingreportgreatersatisfactionwiththeireducationalexperienceandoverall, studentswhoreceivequalityadvisinghasbeenshowntoaidinstudentretention(Truschel,2008). Theappreciativeadvisingprocessunfoldsinsixphases.Theyare: 1. Disarm.Inthisphase,advisorsaretaskedwithmakingapositivefirstimpressiononthe studentbybuildingrapportandcreatingasafe,welcomingspaceforacademicandpersonal exploration. 2. Discover.Inphasetwo,advisorsshouldpositiveopen‐endedquestionsthathelpthem learnaboutstudents'strengths,skills,andabilities. 2 3. Dream.Onekeytotheprocessofappreciativeinquiry(theprocessthroughwhichstudents developaloveoflearning)isthatstudentswillexploretheirpassionsandinterests.This meansthatadvisorscanhelpbyinquiringaboutstudents'hopesanddreamsfortheir futures. 4. Design.Inthisphase,studentsandadvisorsworktogethertoco‐createaplanformaking studentdreamsintoareality. 5. Deliver.Instagefive,thestudentdeliversontheplancreatedduringtheDesignphaseand theadvisorisavailabletoencourageandsupportstudents. 6. Don’tSettle.Inthefinalphase,advisorsandstudentsalikeneedtosettheirowninternal barsofexpectationshigh.Studentsshouldbecalledtoaccomplishthebestofwhattheycan achieve. Atfirstglance,appreciativeadvisingfeelslikeitcallsforface‐to‐faceinteractions.Infact,most oftheresearchaboutadvisingiscompletedusingsurveydatacollectedafterofficeencounters betweenadvisorsandadvisees(e.g.,…….).Yetmanyadvisersandstudentsreportthatthey communicateonline,andthisanecdotalevidencepointstoaneedtoexplorehowelectronic communicationimpactstheadvisingtheprocess. UndergraduateStudentsandElectronicCommunication PeopleexpresstwogeneralareasofconcernwhenIsuggestthatadvisingcanbe accomplishedeffectivelythroughonlinemessages.First,colleaguespointtoevidencethatthe internetandsocialmediaare“ruining”thewaythatstudentscommunicate.Ican’thelpbutchuckle alittle,sincethesepredictionsaboutimpendingdoomassociatedwithazombie‐generationof youngadultsincapableoftalkingtooneanotherremindmeofthewaythatmyparentsonce bemoanedtheemergenceofcall‐waitingandthree‐waycalling(bothlandlinefeatureswerecrucial tomyjuniorhighsociallife).Criticsofemailadvisingarguethatstudentsloseinterpersonalskills whentheyaren’trequiredtoreadandassessbodylanguageandtone.Likewise,criticssay,students treatemailtooinformally.Studentswon’tlearnhowtocommunicateintheprofessionalworldif weallowthemtoemail.Moreover,studentsmayabuseemailandfacultyadvisorsmayfind themselvesoverloadedwithelectronicmessages. Thesearevalidconcerns.YetasIexplaininthefollowingsectionaboutusingemailfor appreciativeadvising,Ibelievethatacademicadvisorscanandshouldbepartofthesolutionby guidingstudentstowardsmoreeffectiveonlinecommunicationpractices.Moreover,experts believethatemailwillremainapermanentpartofanundergraduate’s“toolbox”andtherefore, advisorswhodevelopemailadvisingstrategiescanexpecttousethosetechniquesforquiteawhile. Whilestudentsprefersocialmedia(suchasYikYakandFacebook)forclosepersonalrelationships, theystillwantasingle,secure,placewherealltheir“important”informationcancometogether. Universityemailaccountsaccomplishthisgoal.Likewise,studentswanttohaveanaddresstogive tonon‐personal(business,university,official)sources.Andunliketextmessageswhicharelostifa cellphonegoesmissing,universityemailaccountsareaccessibleaslongasastudentcangetonline (Kolowich,2011). Forthesereasons,Itookonthechallengeofdesigninganemailcampaigntoengagein appreciativeadvising.Theprojectisverynew.In2013Itriedoutafewemailsinordertodevelopa morecompletecalendarofmessagestosendtomyadvisees.The2014‐2015academicyearwasmy 3 firstfull‐yeareffort,andI’mpleasedwiththeresults.I’vefoundthatwhileemailcannotreplacethe interactionsthattakeplacebetweenadvisorsandstudentsinaface‐to‐facemeeting,itappearsto beanicecomplementtoafacultyadvisor’spractice,andiscertainlyonewaytoengagein appreciativeadvising. Inthenextsection,Iidentifythetypeofemailassociatedwitheachphaseofthe appreciativeadvisingcycleanddescribethetypeofcontentafacultyadvisorshouldconsiderif theywanttoengageinanemailappreciativeadvisingcampaign. EmailinAppreciativeAdvisingPhases Eachphaseoftheappreciativeadvisingprocesscallsforadifferenttypeofemail.Itis importanttorememberthattheexamplesanddescriptionsprovidedbelowareofferedasastarting point,ratherthanaprescriptiveformulaforusingemailinadvising.Appreciativeadvisingis groundedinsymbolicinteractiontheorywhichexplainsthathowmessagesareunderstoodand interpretedisafunctionoftheexchangesandrelationshipbetweenpeople.Putanotherway,how mymessagesareconstructedisareflectionofmypersonality,myinterests,andthetypesof studentsIworkwith(majorsintheSchoolofCommunication).Thecontentofamessageshouldbe tailoredtoeachasadvisor.Effectiveadvisingisasmuchartasscience. PHASE1–Disarming Recallthatinthefirstphase,advisorsshouldMakeapositivefirstimpressionwiththe student,buildrapport,andcreateasafe,welcomingspace.Toaccomplishthisgoal,Isuggesta beginningoftheyearemailtoadvisees.Theemailshouldincludethefollowing: Yourname Yourofficehours Thecoursesyouareteachingthatsemester Aninvitationtocontactyouforadvising Instructionsformakinganappointment Apersonal“reveal”aboutyourself Arequestforapersonal“reveal”fromyouradvisee AppendixAincludesasampleofawelcomeemailIsenttoadvisees.Mostoftheinformationis prettybasic.Mostfacultyadvisorsdonotfretabouttellingstudentsabouttheirofficehours.The “personalreveal”seemstobethecriteriathatcausesmycolleaguesthemostpause.However,that elementoftheemaildoesnotneedtobethatpersonalandIhavebeensurprisedbyhowmuchit hassparkedresponsesfromstudents. Myemailincludesalittledittyabout“whatIdidoverthesummer.”Forthepastfewyears, I’vehadtheopportunitytoleadastudyabroadprograminLondonwithGrandValleystudents.Itis notanexaggerationtosaythatIhaveenjoyedtheexperiencetremendously.Myemailsaysso,and alsoincludesaphotoofmeandthestudentsonourtrip.EspeciallyatGrandValleywheresomany ofourundergraduatesarefirst‐generationstudents,Iamhopefulthatseeingmypicture accomplishesafewthings.First,itmaygivethemconfidencetosay“hi”orintroducethemselvesif theyseemeon‐campus.Manyfirst‐generationstudentsexpressconcernabout“eventalkingto”a professor,andIalsobelievethatshowingstudentsthatIenjoybeingwithstudentscanhelp mitigatethisunease. 4 Ialsousethewelcomeemailaswaytohelpstudentsnavigatesomeoftheothertrickyparts ofbeinganundergraduate.IusethetitlethatIwantstudentstousewhentheyrefertome.Iknow thatfacultyhaveawide‐rangeofexpectationsforstudents’formsofaddress.Mycolleaguesfeel stronglythatstudentsshouldusetitles,andbyreferringtomyselfas“Dr.Leek”Ihopetohelpguide themintherightdirectionsothattheydonothavetoask.Likewise,facultydifferinthewaythat theyuseofficehours.Bytellingstudentsthatmyofficehoursare“drop‐in”theycanavoidtheextra workoftryingtomakeanappointment. Ialsobenefitwhenadviseesdofollow‐throughonmyrequestthattheyreplywiththeir ownphotofromthesummer.AsIgetolder,Ifinditisincreasinglydifficulttoremembernames. Thewelcomeemailhelpsmegetahead‐startonrememberingfaces,andthismakesmeavery appreciativeadvisor.Duringthefall2014,Isentover100oftheseemailsandIwasveryexcited when30studentsrepliedwithstoriesabouttheirsummerorquestionsaboutadvising.Ithinkthe nextstepthisyearwillbetoengageinmorewelcomingbysendingaversionoftheemailtonew adviseesthatareassignedtomethroughoutthesemester. Phase2–Discovery Inphasetwoadvisersshouldaskpositiveopen‐endedquestionsthathelpthemlearnabout students'strengths,skills,andabilities.Thepurposeofthisprocessistoencouragestudentsto sharestoriesabouttheirpastexperiencessothattheadvisorcanidentifyopportunitiesfor studentstosucceed,evenifthismeanschangingmajors.Atfirst,thisphasewasachallengeforme. Putsimply,howcouldIengageinopen‐endedquestioningwithstudentsoveremail?Iwas fortunatetoengageinsomebrainstormingwithmycolleagueBettySchaner,whoistheDirectorof theCLASAcademicAdvisingCenteratGrandValley,andshehelpedmeenvisionsomeinteresting possibilitiesforthisphase.Inowuseemailtosendstudentsinstrumentsdesignedtosparktheir reflectionabouttheirskillsets.SomeofthegenericquestionsIaskare: Whatareyourhobbiesoutsideofclass? Whatisyourfavoritetypeofassignmentinclass? Tellmeaboutaprojectyouhavedoneinschoolthatyoureallyenjoyed. Describetomeatimethatyouusedyourskillstomanageachallengingsituation. Forfacultyacademicadvisors,animportantpartofthediscoveryprocessistryingunpackthe reasonsthatastudentchoseYOURmajorprogram.Oftenstudentshavenotconsideredhowtheir strengthsnaturallyleadtoaparticularemphasiswithinthefieldorthatthosesamestrengthscan beappliedtoothermajorprograms. Forexample,IworkwithstudentsintheSchoolofCommunications.Thesestudentschoose fromsevendifferentmajorprogramsincluding:Advertising&PublicRelations,Communication Studies,Film&VideoProduction,HealthCommunication,MultimediaJournalism,Photographyand Theatre.Ialsoincludeopen‐endedquestionsrelatedtotheseareas.Forinstance,Iask communicationstudiesstudentsaboutstoriesthathighlighttheirinterestintheprogram.Students willoftensay“Ireallyliketalkingtopeople.”Whileatfirstglance,thismightappeartobeaperfect fitwiththemajor,inpractice,thecommunicationstudiesprogramheavilyemphasizeswritingand thetheoreticalframeworksthatdefinethefield.Studentsmaynotrealizethatmanycareerpaths involvemakingpersonal,communicativeconnectionswithothers.Healthcommunication,social 5 work,teaching,marketing,andbusinessarejustafewotherareasastudentwhoenjoysworking withpeoplemightexplore. Isendstudentsanemailwithaseriesofquestionsandencouragethembringtheir responseswiththemiftheywanttotalkmoreabouttheiracademicprogram.I’vealsothought aboutbroadeningourunderstandingof“discovery”toincludeopportunitiesforstudentstoengage inself‐reflectionbyusinginstrumentsthatassessqualitiessuchasleadership,communication empathy,andcharacterstrengths.WhileIhaven’tyethadmanystudentscompletefullanswersto thequestions,Ihavenoticedthatstudentswillmakeanappointmenttoseemefollowinga discoveryemail.Theyoftenwillsay,“Thatemailgotmethinking…”andthisleadstoamore purposefuldiscoveryconversation. Phase3‐Dreaming. Inthisphase,theadvisortriestohelpthestudentenvisionapositivefuture.Toaccomplishthis goal,Itrytoplanatleastthreeemailsasemesterthataremeanttohelpstudentsdreamaboutwhat theycanachievebothinschoolandaftergraduation.Thisphasewastheeasiesttotranslateto email.Infact,IhavehadtouserestraintsothatIdonotoverwhelmstudentswithtoomany possibilities.Thisisprobablythecaseforallfaculty.OnereasonIteachattheuniversitylevelis becauseIamsoinspiredbythemanyopportunitiesthatareavailableoncampus. WitheachemailIencouragestudentstocontactmeiftheyareinterestedinsimilar opportunities.AndIalwaystrytomakesureI’vedonetheworktoprovidecontactinformationso thatstudentscaneasilyturntheirdreamsintoreality.SomeoftheopportunitiesI’veemailed adviseesaboutinclude: Studyingabroad TheStudentSummerScholarsprogram VolunteeringwiththeUnitedWay’sSchoolsofHopeprogram SpecialTopicscoursesintheSchoolofCommunication Graduateschoolprograms Internshipopportunities On‐campuslectures Ihavealsostartedtodevelopa“wheretheyarenow”emailthatwillhighlightsomeofthe accomplishmentsofmypastadvisees.WhenI’mtalkingwithstudents,Ioftenfindmyselfsharing storiesaboutthewomanwhoisnowthetoplegislativeaidforDaveCamp(R‐Midland,MI)orthe studentwhojoinedthePeaceCorpsandwasstationedinRomania,orthestudentwhojustfinished theMaster’sprogramatIllinoisStateUniversity.Byhighlightingthesestudentsbythroughemail,I hopeIwillencouragemycurrentadviseestodreamabouttheirfutures. Phase4‐Designing. Appreciativeadvisingmeanslittleifstudentscan’tgetbeyondthedreamingphase.Advisors needtoworkwithstudentsinordertoco‐createaplantomakedreamsintoreality.Ataminimum, thismeansthatstudentsneedtoenrollforthecoursesthatwillleadthemtobesuccessfulintheir majorprogramandtocompletetherequirementsforgraduationatGrandValley.Thistaskismade difficultbytheincreasingcomplexityofstudentacademicexperiences.Forexample,manystudents entertheuniversityhavingalreadycompletedAPcoursesorcollegecredit.Studentsalsochange 6 majorsmanytimesduringtheiracademiccareer.Bothcircumstancesrequirecarefulattentionto courseequivalencies,pre‐requisitesandsooninordertoensurestudentsareontherightpath. Studentsalsohavevariousnon‐classobligationsfromfamilytoworkwhichalsoneedtobe consideredwhenschedulingcourses. Studentdreamsbothenrichandcomplicatethecurriculumplanningprocess.Studyabroad programsandinternships,forexample,mayrequirestudentstotakeclassesduringcertain semestersorcompletepre‐requisitesbyacertainapplicationdate.Thedetailsthatneedattention forscheduleplanningcanbetediousandchallengingevenforexperiencedprofessionaladvisors.If wehopetoadvisewithappreciationweneedtobeproactiveinco‐creatingscheduleswithour adviseessothatwecaneffectivelyhelpthemnavigatetheprocess. Atthebeginningofthewintersemester(whenstudentsenrollforthenextacademicyear)I sendmyadviseesanemailthatincludesthecurriculumplanningguidefortheirmajorprogram, andblanktabletofilloutwiththeirproposedschedule.Ifthereareanyrelevantcurriculum changesorimportantnotesaboutcoursesfortheupcomingyearIincludethoseintheemailas well.Iinvitestudentstousetheironlinecurriculumtools(MyPath)andtodevelopaproposed schedulethattheycanreturntomebyemail.IreviewanystudentresponsesandemailifIfind problemsorhavesuggestionsaboutwhatthestudentproposes. Forfacultyadvisorswithhundredsofadvisees,thiscouldbecomeanunmanageabletime burdensotheprocessshouldbeadaptedaccordingly.Advisorsmight,forinstance,choosetoonly includesophomoreandjunioradviseesintheprocess.Ifstudentslearntounderstandtheir requirementsearly,theymayneedlesshelpastheymovethroughtheirprogram.Ihavealso adaptedtheschedulingtabletoincludespacesforstudentstolisttheirGnumber,cellnumber,and questions.Havingallofthisinformationinoneplacehasbeenveryhelpful(seeAppendixB).Inmy OutlookaccountIhavealsocreatedadvisingfoldersforeachadviseeIhaveemailcontactwith.This makestrackingourconversationsanddetailsveryeasy.Iamconvincedthattimetakentocomplete appreciativeadvisingonthefrontendtranslatestolesstimedealingwithstudentcriseslateron. Phase5‐Delivering. Thisphasecallsonstudentstodeliveronplancreatedinphase4.Theadvisorisexpectedto beavailabletostudentsshouldtheyneedsupport.Totryandavoidbeingahelicopteradvisor,I onlysendonequickemailduringthisphase.IuseemailtoletstudentsknowthatIamavailableto thembyphone,emailorin‐person.IfIknowthatIwillbeawayfromcampusforaperiodoftime,I useemailtonotifymyadviseesaswell. Phase6‐NotSettling. Appreciativeadvisingdoescallonustomakeacommitmenttoouradvisees.Itisimportant tochallengeourselvesandourstudentsbycreateacultureofexpectation.Emailcanbeusedtoset thebarhighandtochallengestudentstoaccomplishnewheights.Whenanadviseehasan accomplishment,Imightsendanemailtopushthemevenfurther.Forinstance,duringthepast semesterIhadanadviseewhogotan"A"inherSpanish201course.Shealsoearned“A’s”inher previoustwoSpanishcourses.AtGrandValley,studentsonlyneedcomplete201tomeetthe requirementsforabachelor’sdegree.ToengagethisphaseofappreciativeadvisingIdecidedto emailtheadviseeandencouragehertoconsideranadditionalsemesterofthelanguage.Iincluded thelinktoanarticleaboutthebenefitsofbilingualskillsinherfield,andencouragedhertocome 7 talkwithmeaboutadjustingherscheduleifshewasinterested.Shedidn’t,butthatdoesn’tmean thiswasn’taneffectiveattemptatappreciativeadvising. Conclusion Iamstillintheprocessofdevelopingmyeffortstouseemailforappreciativeadvising.Most recentlyIsketchedoutatimelineforemailingadvisees(AppendixC).Ihaveevensetremindersin myonlinecalendarandthishelpsmakesureIkeepupwiththiscommitment.ThismeansthatIam alsostillintheearlystagesofresearchingtheeffectivenessofthisapproach.Basedonmy experiencesofarIofferthefollowingtipsandobservationsforfacultyadvisorswhoare consideringhowemailcanbeusedforadvising. Anyemailcanbeagoodthing.Studentswanttoknowthattheiradvisorsarethinkingabout them.Anemailcanbeenoughtomakethathappen. Itisoktotellstudentswhatyouexpectfromthemintheiremailmessages.Whenstudents failtoincludeasubjectline,orusevaguelanguageintheirmessages,Itellthem.Iliketo thinkthatthisishelpingthemtodevelopbetterelectroniccommunicationskills. Useaconsistentsubjectline,andtellyouradviseeswhatitwillbe.Anecdotally,myadvisees reportthatthismakesiteasytodifferentiatebetweenmymessagesandotheruniversity communications. IncorporatingemailintoadvisingisespeciallyhelpfulwhenIamtravelingforconferences orwhenIcannotconnectwithstudentsduringregularhours.Ihaveadviseeswhoreallydo notgetafreemomentuntilafter11pm. ThemoreIuseemailforadvising,themorecomfortableIbecomewiththemediumasameansof communicatingwithstudents.Ifeelconfidentthatemailcanbeanimportanttoolinthe appreciativeadvisingprocess. References AppreciativeAdvising,2015.Retrievedfrom:http://www.appreciativeadvising.net/what‐ is‐appreciative‐advising.html. Kolowich,S.(2011,January6).“HowwillStudentsCommunicate?”InsideHigherEd. Retrievedfrom: https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2011/01/06/college_technology_officers_consider_changi ng_norms_in_student_communications. Truschel,J.(2008)."Doestheuseofappreciativeadvisingwork?"TheLearningAssistance Review,13,2.AcademicOneFile.November11,2015. 8 AppendixA SAMPLEEMAIL Subject:ImportantAdvisingInformation–FromProfessorLeek Greetingsstudents!Welcometothestartofthe2015‐2016semester.Ifyouarereceivingthisemail itisbecauseIamlistedasyourfacultyacademicadvisorforthe_________majorprogram. I’mreallylookingforwardtomeetingwitheachofyouthisyear.Iwantedtosendaquicknoteto introducemyselfandtoletyouknowthatmyofficehoursthissemesterareTuesdaysfrom10‐ 11am,andThursdaysfrom4:15‐6:15pminmyofficeinAllendale(127LMH).Youdon’tneedan appointment–youcanjustdropin.And,ifthosetimesdon’tworkforyoujustsendmeanemail andwe’llfindanothertimetoconnectinpersonorbyphone. Ifyouhaveamoment,Ihopeyou’llsendanemailwithanyquestionsyouhaveaboutyourcourse schedule,majorprogram,orschoolingeneral. IhadsomuchfuninJuly–Itookagroupof14studentstoLondonfortheSchoolof CommunicationsStudyAbroadProgram.Hereisapictureofusonabeautifulsunnydaywhenwe werevisitingStonehenge. AndanotherpictureofmeandthreeofourLakersonawalkingtourofcentralLondon: 9 Evenifyoudon’thaveanacademicquestion,Iwouldlovetohearaboutyoursummer.AndIreally likephotos.Soifyouhaveamoment,whynotsendmeaquickupdateonwhatyouhavebeenupto. I’llbesendingmoreadvisingupdatesasthesemesterprogresses–thesubjectlinewillread “AdvisingUpdate”–sokeepaneyeoutforthosemessages. HaveagreatfirstweekLakers! Dr.Leek 10 AppendixB GNUMBER:_______________________________________________________________ PreferredEmailAddress:_______________________________________________ Cellphonenumber:_____________________________________________________ WhatisthebestwayformetoreachyouifIneedtoaskquestionsorgiveyoufeedback?(circleone ormore) Text PhonecallEmail Majorprogram:_________________________________________________________ Areyouplanninganychangesinyourmajor/minorprogram?ArethereanyspecialcircumstancesI shouldknowaboutthescheduleyou’veplannedbelow?(e.g.,onlywanttobepart‐time,tryingouta minorprogram,etc.) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ PROPOSEDSCHEDULE: FALL #ofCredits Winter #ofCredits 11 AppendixC SemesterStart–Welcomeemail October–Discovery November–Dreaming January–Designing March–Deliver April–Don’tSettle 12
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