Directions: Read each question carefully, choose the correct response, and shade the corresponding choice on
the answer sheet.
A.P. Human Geography Fall Pretest
Student Growth Assessment 1 of 5
Written: 2012-2013
Implemented: 2013-2014
DISTRICT #228 SOCIAL STUDIES DEPARTMENT
Authors: Ed Lipowski, Chris Vitt, Chris Hennessy, Pete Luby
1. The word “geography” literally means
5. Rap music first appeared in New York in the 1970s.
Later, it spread to large cities with vibrant AfricanAmerican populations-such as Los Angeles, Oakland,
Chicago, and Detroit-without being absorbed by the
smaller cities and rural areas in-between. This type of
spatial diffusion is called
(A) the study of space.
(B) earth study.
(C) people and nature.
(D) earth writing.
(E) human ground.
(A) relocation diffusion.
(B) hierarchical diffusion.
(C) contagious diffusion.
(D) cultural diffusion.
(E) indeterminant diffusion.
2. New York City is divided into five______,
in order to better organize social services for
millions of people.
(A) counties
(B) voting precincts
(C) town councils
(D) school districts
(E) boroughs
3. In which of the following countries would you expect to find
the highest rate of population growth?
(A) Canada
(B) Namibia
(C) Sweden
(D) Chile
(E) United States
6. In an address to the 1994 United Nations International
Conference on Population and Development, India argued
that, although population growths has placed pressure on
the world’s natural resources, _______ by industrialized
nations has also had extreme consequences for
environmental quality.
(A) fiscal policy
(B) material consumption
(C) tourism
(D) international aid
(E) racism
4. Which of the following projections places the
North or South Pole at the center of the view?
7. Approximately how long did it take for Eurasian
hunter- gatherers to reach the tip of South America
after their initial arrival in Alaska?
(A) Azimuthal
(B) Choroplerh
(C) Pole view
(D) Fuller’s
(E) Mercator
(A) 500 years
(B) 2,000 years
(C) 5,000 years
(D) 20,000 years
(E) 40,000 years
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8. Longitude is:
(A) the angular distance north or south of the prime meridian
(B) the angular distance east or west of Greenwich, England
(C) the angular distance north or south of the equator
(D) useful in determining relative location
(E) useful in describing a place's situation
9. The idea that our impressions and experiences of the
world around us are filtered through the lens of our
culture and our individual experiences, which critiques
the sort of scientific, universalist grand theories offered
by modernists is called
(A) postmodernism
(B) ecofeminism
(C) consumptionism
(D) reductionism
(E) positivism
10. The demographic transition model posits that
(A) advanced industrialized countries will have rapid population
growth
(B) pre-industrial states will have both low birth and death rates
(C) countries with high levels of economic production will have
lower birth rates
(D) underdeveloped countries cannot become developed
(E) time is the dominant force behind population change
11. One important consequence of cultural extinction is
(A) decreasing population
(B) increased poverty in peripheral regions
(C) loss of genetic diversity
(D) loss of indigenous knowledge about ecosystems
(E) increasing population
12. ______ maps work well for locating and navigating
between places, while ______ maps display one or more
variables across a specific space.
(A) Reference…thematic
(B) Thematic…reference
(C) Spatial…cartographic
(D) Cartographic ... spatial
(E) Topologic ... choropleth
13. Which of the following religions originated in
northern India and then spread across central and
southeast Asia, Indonesia, and Japan?
(A) Hinduism
(B) Buddhism
(C) Islam
(D) Taoism
(E) Judaism
14. States with federal forms of government must
also have
(A) territorial organization
(B) fascist regimes
(C) social-democracies
(D) proportional representation
(E) congressional oversight
15. In the world systems model, the core nations of the
world are
(A) situated in the present-day Middle East
(B) located in the prosperous southern continents
(C) located mainly in Europe and North America
(D) located in the former Soviet republics
(E) located in the heartland, not the rimland
16. Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of
Balkanization?
(A) ethnic divisions
(B) varying levels of economic development within a
country
(C) external pressures
(D) centripetal forces
(E) a strong central government
17. Which of the following is true about language
extinctions?
(A) The happen suddenly and without warning.
(B) They are usually the result of genocide.
(C) There could be several thousand over the next century.
(D) They are increasingly rare.
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(E) They are unrelated to cultural imperialism.
18. Sources of forced migration include
(A) complementarily and individual choice
(B) economic opportunities and religious freedom
(C) political unrest and ecological degradation
(D) the draw of a pleasant climate
(E) familial ties in another country
19. The disproportionate siting of power plants and waste
disposal facilities in African-American and Latino
neighborhoods-independent of other economic and historical
factors-is an example of
(A) postmaterialism
(B) environmental racism
(C) deindustrialization
(D) environmental justice
(E) ecological inferiority
24. In the gravity model of spatial interaction, population
and distance
(A) are inversely related
(B) are directly related
(C) each have multiple measures
(D) do not affect the final solution
(E) vary significantly
25. Core-periphery patterns exist within countries as well
as among them. In the United States, economic
peripheries include
(A) New England and the Great Basin
(B) Southern Appalachia and the lower Mississippi Valley
(C) The northern Rockies and Pacific Northwest
(D) The Desert Southwest and Great Lakes
(E) The Rust Belt
20. Latitude is
(A ) the angular distance north or south the prime meridian
(B) the angular distance east or west of Greenwich, England
(C) the angular distance north or south of the equator
(D) useful in determining relative location
(E) a measure of social or political freedom
21. Primary economic activities involve
(A) the transformation and assembly of raw material
(B) the sale and exchange of goods and services
(C) the handling and processing of information
(D) research and development
(E) the direct extraction or harvest of natural resources
22. According to Thomas Malthus, _______ grows
arithmetically, but ______ grows geometrically.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Population…food production
Passion between the sexes…willingness to have sex
Food production…population
Technology…environmental impact
Population…technology
23. Since 1960, the difference between per capita Gross
National Products of the world’s wealthiest countries and
the world’s poorest countries has
(A) remained about the same
(B) decreased somewhat
(C) decreased dramatically
(D) increased dramatically
(E) increased slightly
26. Agricultural techniques developed in the temperate
latitudes are frequently inappropriate for wet tropical
climates because rainforest soils tend to be
(A) poorly drained
(B) nutrient-rich
(C) nutrient-poor
(D) salinized
(E) sandy
27. The theory that explains the regional organization of
urban areas, based on their functions and the goods and
services they offer, is called
(A) metropolitan area theory
(B) sector theory
(C) central place theory
(D) urban matrix theory
(E) the rank-size rule
28. The city of San Francisco is known for which of the
following?
(A) Beaux arts architecture
(B) Early 20th century modernism
(C) 19th century Victorian architecture
(D) Its balmy climate
(E) Postmodern architecture
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29. ______ is strategically located on the border between two
continents, and at the intersection of many cultures and
religions
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
(A) Istanbul, Turkey,
(B) Lagos, Nigeria,
(C) Mexico City, Mexico,
(D) Karachi, Pakistan,
(E) Berlin, German,
30. Cartographic scale refers to
(A) the size of an object in the real world
(B) the number of difference objects depicted on the map
(C) the projection
(D) the relation between a distance on a map and distance on
the ground
(E) angular distance from the equator
35. The distance north and south of the equator is
the
(A) global grid system
(B) Prime Meridian
(C) latitude
(D) longitude
(E) scale
36. Which form of migration below are farm workers
from another country most likely to be practicing
during the year?
(A) Chain migration
(B) Cluster migration
(C) Circular migration
(D) International migration
(E) International travel
J
31. Primate cities are those that
(A) are the seats of ecclesiastical power in a nation
(B) are the national capitals
(C) are disproportionately larger than others cities in a nation
(D) were the first to be established in a new colony
(E) are inhabited by monkeys and apes
32. During the 1980s and 1990s, Santa Monica, California,
became significantly wealthier and more expensive.
This process is referred to as
(A) escalation
(B) gentrification
(C) urban zonation
(D) reallotment
(E) reification
33. Which of the following qualities as a primate city?
(A) Toronto, Canada
(B) Cape Town, South Africa
(C) Jerusalem, Israel
(D) Mexico City, Mexico
(E) Phoenix, Arizona
34. Religious fundamentalism
(A) appears to be on the rise in many parts of the world
(B) is limited to the Middle East
(C) is limited to the Deep South
(D) is decreasing globally
(E) is a serious political issue in Western Europe
37. Of these, the map using the smallest map scale
would be the map of
(A) the world
(B) Atlanta, Georgia
(C) Main Street, Small Town, Ohio
(D) Pennsylvania
(E) South America
38. All of the following are reasons major cities attract
young people in Latin America EXCEPT
(A) the availability of jobs
(B) the potential for decent housing
(C) educational opportunities
(D) their families live there already
(E) the urban lifestyle
39. Which country below is best represented by a
population pyramid with a broad base that slopes
quickly to a narrow top?
(A) France
(B) Russia
(C)Austria
(D) Uganda
(E) Italy
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40. The use and spread of English in nineteenth-century
India is an example of what type of diffusion?
46. Which language family contains Italian, Spanish,
Portuguese, and Romanian?
(A) Stimulus
(B) Contagious
(C) Hierarchal
(D) Relocation
(E) Migratory
(A) European
(B) Slavic
(C) Germanic
(D) Romance
(E) Celtic
41. The outlying area serviced by a urban center is referred
to as a
(A) redline area
(B) threshold
(C) range
(D) hinterland
(E) sphere of influence
42. World population tends to be concentrated
(A) in continental interiors
(B) on continental margins
(C) in the desert
(D) in the tropical lowlands and river valleys
(E) at higher elevations
43. What monotheistic religion is based on the life
and teachings of Jesus Christ of Nazareth?
47. What is the most widespread primary economic
activity in the world?
(A) Mining
(B) Hunting and gathering
(C) Fishing
(D) Agriculture
(E) Forestry
48. Which one of the following is NOT a centripetal
force in a state?
(A) A high level of confidence in central government
(B) The existence of strong separatist groups
(C) The existence of national transportation networks
(D) The national anthem
(E) The national flag
49. The global lingua franca is
(A) Islam
(B) Christianity
(C) Hinduism
(D) Buddhism
(E) Judaism
44. The "melting pot" theory of combining several
immigrant groups into one mainstream culture is called
(A) amalgamation theory
(B) acculturation
(C) ethnic islands
(D) ethnic clustering
(E) cluster migration
45. Which of the following world regions is NOT considered
one of the world's most densely populated regions?
(A) South Asia
(B) Europe
(C) South America
(D) Northeast United States
(E) East Asia
(A) Chinese
(B) English
(C) French
(D) Arabic
(E) Hindi
50. Historically, the world's major languages have
spread by all of the following methods EXCEPT
(A) Sanskrit records
(B) migration
(C) trade
(D) conquest
(E) expanding populations
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51. What is the most rapidly growing religion in the
United States today?
(A) Islam
(B) Christianity
(C) Hinduism
(D) Buddhism
(E) Judaism
52. What is the population statistic that tells us the
level of fertility at which a population will have just
enough births to replace parents and compensate
for early deaths?
(A) Crude birth rate
(B) Replacement level
(C) Mortality rate
(D) Total fertility rate
(E) Crude death rate
53. Which of the following statements regarding
historical North American migration streams is
NOT correct?
(A) Canada's first major migration came from France
(B) Canada's second major migration stream
originated in the British Isles
(C) Canada's third major migration stream came from
Latin America
(D) The first major migration wave to the United
States originated in Europe
(E) The last major wave of immigration to the United
States from Latin America and Asia
54. What are the two major branches of Islam?
(A) Sunni and Shinto
(B) Shinto and Shiite
(C) Sunni and Shiite
(D) Shamanism and Shiite
(E) Shamanism and Sunni
56. Which one of the following North American
associations is NOT correct?
(A) Southeast-African Americans
(B) Oklahoma and the Southwest-Native Americans
(C) Quebec and northern Maine-French
Americans and French Canadians
(D) Southern California-Hispanic Americans
(E) Southern prairie provinces-African Americans
57. Which one of the following groups is excluded
from the caste system of Hinduism?
(A) Scholar-priests
(B) Warrior-landowners
(C) Businessmen and farmers
(D) Servants
(E) Untouchables
58. Which of the following factors has little or no
impact on mortality rates in the developing
countries?
(A) New medicines
(B) Improved birth control methods
(C) Pesticides
(D) Famine relief
(E) Improved vaccines
59. According to the population below, which one of the
following statement is correct?
(A) The death rate exceeds the birth rate
(B) The economically active and productive population
is too small to support the youth and old-age population
(C) Gender numbers are nearly identical until the olderage cohort is reached.
(D) The population is experiencing a rapid growth rate
(E) The population is experiencing a high mortality rate
55. A map that presents a single class of statistics is
called a
(A) general purpose map
(B) thematic map
(C) reference map
(D) mental map
(E) location map
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60. Which one of the following items is an example
of nonmaterial culture?
(A) Dove soap
(B) Dove candy bar
(C) Dove symbol
(D) A dove (bird)
(E) Dove stew
61. The sacred book of the Hindu is called the
(A) Talmud
(B) Bible
(C) Torah
(D) Veda
(E) Koran
(A)
(B)
62. The Basques, Bretons, Kashmiris, and Tamils
are all examples of
(A) regionalist groups
(B) separatist groups
(C) terrorist groups
(D) interventionist groups
(E) religious groups
65. The map shown above is the following type of
map:
Male
(A) statistical map
(B) topographic map
(C) general-purpose map
(D) dot-distribution map
(E) graduated circle map
66. Which religion below is a universalizing religion?
(A) Taoism
(B) Islam
(C) Shintoism
(D) Confucianism
(E) Judaism
63. The process whereby an immigrant learns the
values, language, and customs of their new country is
called
67. What is the most abundant fossil fuel?
(A) assimilation
(B) acculturation
(C) adaptation
(D) amalgamation
(E) dispersion
(A) Phosphate
(B) Oil
(C) Petroleum
(D) Natural gas
(E) Coal
64. Variations in vocabulary, pronunciation, and
rhythm in a spoken language are called
(A) syntax
(B) isoglosses
(C) lingua francas
(D) creoles
(E) dialects
68. Which one of the following demographic factors
characterizes stages 4 and 5 in the demographic
transition model?
(A) Zero population growth
(B) High mortality rates
(C) High birth rates
(D) High sex ratios
(E) Overpopulation
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69. The purpose for the creation of NATO was to
(A) defend North America and Western Europe
against the threat of communism
(B) form an economic alliance for trade between
Europe and North America
(C) defend Europe against a second Nazi invasion
(D) defend northern Europe against Chinese missiles
(E) form a binding peace treaty for all Europe
72. Which of the following is a major concern in
countries with a large and rapidly aging population?
(A) Immunization
(B) Adequate schools
(C) Daycare facilities
(D) Birth control
(E) Health care
70. State-sponsored terrorism has occurred recently
in which of the following countries?
73. The language with the largest number of
"speakers" is
(A) Rwanda
(B) United States
(C) Canada
(D) Spain
(E) Bahrain
(A) English
(B) Russian
(C) Spanish
(D) Mandarin Chinese
(E) Hindi/Urdu
74. Which of the following religions developed first?
(A) Buddhism
(B) Christianity
(C) Islam
(D) Judaism
(E) Hinduism
75. If you wanted to find the global distribution of
coal, you would use a
(A) reference map
(B) topographic map
(C) thematic map
(D) location map
(E) general-purpose map
71. With what religion is the architecture shown
above associated?
(A) Roman Catholicism
(B) Russian Orthodox
(C) Hinduism
(D) Judaism
(E) Buddhism
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