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History and Political Science
BOARD ANSWER PAPER: MARCH 2015
HISTORY AND POLITICAL SCIENCE
Q.1. (A)
(B)
Complete the following statements by choosing the appropriate alternatives from those
given in the brackets:
1.
It is considered that England is the origin of Industrial Revolution.
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2.
Balkan Area was the part of Turkey empire.
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3.
Stalin broke Yalta treaty and established his power on Poland.
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Match the correct pairs:
1.
Woodrow Wilson
2.
Dr. Vikram Sarabhai
3.
Dr. A.P.J. Abdul kalam
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b.
a.
d.
Policy of self-decision
India’s space Research
Father of Indian Missile Programmes
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Q.2. Answer each of the following questions in 25 to 30 words (any two):
1.
i.
Germany defeated Austria in 1866 and France in 1870. Later, Bismarck developed
friendship with Austria.
ii.
In 1871, Germany annexed the French provinces of Alsace-Lorraine by the Treaty of
Frankfurt. After that, Bismarck isolated France by keeping it aloof.
iii. England and France had traditional enemity. Bismarck ensured that these rival nations
should not come together. There was also dispute between France and Italy about
religious and colonial problems. Bismarck took an opportunity and included Italy in his
group.
iv. In the year 1882, a Triple Alliance Agreement was signed between Germany, Austria and
Italy.
2.
i.
ii.
3.
i.
ii.
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The word imperialism has been derived from a Latin word ‘imperium’ meaning ‘rights or
rule’. Imperialism can be defined as the domination of an undeveloped nation by a
developed nation by virtue of establishing a colony.
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In other words, imperialism consists in an absolute domination of one nation by another
nation.
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Globalization mainly influences the economic field.
However, the social, political, educational and cultural fields are also
changes due to globalization.
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undergoing
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Q.3. Give reasons for the following statements in 25 to 30 words each (any two):
1.
i.
Till the middle of the 19th century, the westerners didn’t have any idea of the interiors of
the African continent.
ii.
Africa had dense forests, big lakes, perennial (constantly recurring) rivers and large
tracts of deserts.
iii. Specific composition of Africa was not known to the world at large.
iv.
It was known as ‘Unknown or Dark Continent’.
As a result, the discovery of interior parts of Africa did not take place.
2.
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i.
ii.
The Russian Tsar was despotic. He opposed the liberal and progressive ideology.
Though, industrial development took place in his reign, but it was incompetent to satisfy
the needs of common people.
iii. The workers lived in misery and the quality of production was hampered due to use of
conventional technology.
iv. Also, the imperial strategy of Tsar barred him to pay any attention to the internal
development of Russia.
Thus, an all round development of Russia did not take place.
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3.
Board Answer Paper: March 2015
The League of Nations failed due to:
i.
The extreme nationalism and imperialism of few leaders of the European nations which
initiated the second world war.
ii.
The selfish, strong and contrary to each other’s policies of member nations.
iii. The disregard of the basic idea of forming League of Nations.
iv. Lack of faith in International co-operation, lack of co-ordination between principal
nations like France and England.
v.
Rejection of membership by America.
vi. Lack of arm power to punish the member nations denying to obey the clauses in the
agreement.
[Any four reasons: ½ mark each]
Q.4. Answer the following questions in 30 to 40 words each (any two):
1.
i.
America could not tolerate the increasing domination of Japan.
ii.
It started chalking out the strategy for restricting the naval development and imperial
expansion of Japan.
iii. In the year 1921, the American President Hardings, convened the Washington
meeting for bringing restrictions on naval forces.
iv. As a result, there began a process of undermining the power of the Japanese navy.
v.
All the advantages allowed to Japan after the First World War were withdrawn
vi. This hurt Japan and resulted in destabilising of Japan.
2.
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
3.
In response to America’s NATO Treaty Russia founded Warsaw Treaty, organization of
communist countries.
The main objective of Warsaw treaty was to give a befitting reply to capitalist countries.
Eight countries participated in the nation’s conference during the period 11th to 14th May
1955, in Poland.
The countries Russia, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Albania, Bulgaria, East Germany,
Rumania and Poland participated.
The treaty of friendship, co-operation and help took place.
Stress was given on collective protection to form the combined armed forces. Nuclear
power and ammunitions were prohibited. It was also decided to increase the economical
and cultural relationship.
Lenin announced the New Economic policy which consisted of both privatisation and
nationalisation to some extent.
ii.
The private industry, business and property were allowed, however to a certain limit.
iii. This was opposed by extremist communist leaders. However, Lenin defended the
decision by saying that it was a temporary compromise with the capitalist principles.
iv. Transportation and external trade were also kept under the government control.
Effects of the Policy:
i.
The New Economic Policy caused a big increase in the agriculture and industrial
production. A greater area of land came under cultivation.
ii.
Private industries were allowed to be formed and were given the freedom to to buy and
sell their products in the open market. The New Economic Policy gave an incentive to the
industrial production.
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Q.5. Answer the following questions in 60 to 80 words each (any two):
1.
India was brought under the reign of England in the below manner:
i.
Policy of East India Company:
[½]
East India Company was set up by Britain with a view to carry out business activities in India.
Initially, the company focussed only on business.
However, later, it dabbled into the Indian politics as the Mughal rule began to show the
signs of decline, with intra-dynasty conflicts cropping up after the death of Badshah
Aurangzeb.
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History and Political Science
ii.
The Karnataka Battles:
Three battles were fought in the Karnataka region because of the rivalry between England
and France. France won the first of the three battles, whereas, England defeated France in
the other two. After the defeat of France, the roots of Britain got deeper into the Indian
soil.
iii. The Rise of British Rule in Bengal:
The British victory in the Battle of Plassey in 1757 and the Battle of Buxar in 1764 paved
way for the inception of the British rule in India.
iv. The Expansion of British Rule in South India:
Nizam, Hyder Ali and the Maratha rulers dominated South India in the second half of the
18th century. Hyder Ali and his son Tipu Sultan were defeated by the British in
collaboration with the Nizam and the Marathas. Between 17751818, there occurred
three battles between the Marathas and the British. Mahadji Shinde of the Marathas
defeated the British in the first battle while Britain won the other two battles.
v.
Subsidiary Alliance System:
The Nizam accepted the Subsidiary Alliance System which forced him to station British
army at his cost. This helped the British to expand their territories in India.
vi. The Power Expansion in Punjab:
The British couldn’t do any damage to the Sikh reign, as long as Maharaja Ranjit Singh
was on the throne. However, after his death, there arose conflicts among the successors.
This proved advantageous to the Britishers and they finally conquered the Sikh empire
between 1845  1849.
vii. The Absolute Rule of the British:
Lord Dalhousie undertook the mission of merging the local princely states into the British
Raj by rejecting the adopted successors in Jhansi, Nagpur, Satara, Udaipur and
Sambalpur. The state of Ayodhya was merged under the pretext of maladministration.
Thus, in the hundred years between 1757  1857, the entire region of India was brought under
the governance of England.
2.
3.
Before Kemal Pasha’s reign, Turkey was known as an Islamic nation. The Sultan had kept
under his command the religious and political powers. As Pasha got into power, he declared
Turkey a secular nation.
i.
He reformed the conservative and superstitious people of the nation with their dress-code.
ii.
He brought in modern dress-code, registration of marriages, Sunday instead of Friday to
be the holiday.
iii. Women were given permission for education and jobs.
iv. The field of education was freed from domination of religion and Pasha brought in
modern education by virtue of various branches of Science.
v.
He followed the western judicial system in Turkey.
vi. The judges were appointed on the basis of merit.
vii. Farmers were counselled and given seeds and fertilizers by the government to improve
agricultural production.
The following were the events favourable for decolonization:
i.
Japan, though being a small nation defeated Russia in 1905.
ii.
This boosted the self-confidence of people of Asia as they realized that Europeans can be
defeated.
iii. Nationalistic Movement originated in the colonies based on the doctrine of self-decision
advocated by American President Woodrow Wilson.
iv. Asian people realized that their prime duty is to achieve freedom from the clutches of the
foreign rule.
v.
Considering this, Japan took a stand against Europeans.
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Target Publications Pvt. Ltd.
Board Answer Paper: March 2015
vi.
Asian soldiers helped allied countries in First and Second World War as they felt by
doing so they would get political freedom after the War.
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vii. Colonial countries suffered huge wealth loss in the War, hence they were unable to keep
the colonies under their control.
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viii. America and Russia, who emerged as superpowers after the Second World War were not
in favour of colonialism.
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Q.6. Fill in the blanks with a suitable word from those given in the brackets:
1.
Citizen have to accept some restriction on their personal liberty for security purposes.
[1]
2.
The claim that we are superior to others creates inequality.
[1]
3.
Political parties play an important role in creating responsible government.
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Q.7. Answer the following questions in one sentence each (any three):
1.
Referendum is adopted to know public opinion on some important public issues and thereby
include the people in the decision making process.
[1]
2.
A party which has its area of influence in a particular region or a state is known as state level or
regional political party.
[1]
3.
The people who worked for abolishing the caste system in India were Mahatma Jyotirao Phule,
Periyar Ramswami Naicker and Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar.
[1]
4.
Tolerance means accepting the opinions of others that can be different from one’s own opinion
and allowing the other’s opinion to be expressed.
[1]
5.
Representative Democracy is a democracy where the government is formed from the elected
representatives of the citizens. Since the views of the citizens are expressed through their
representatives, it is known as Representative or Indirect Democracy.
[1]
Q.8. State whether the following statements are True or False with reasons (any two):
1.
True
i.
Social relations are always based on unequal relations between men and women. Earlier
in many countries, the right to vote was granted only to men and the women witnessed
secondary treatment.
ii.
Several women’s movements were conducted due to which, gradually many countries
granted women the right to vote.
iii. However, the constitution of India granted rights such as the right to vote to all the citizens
irrespective of their gender.
2.
False
i.
For being recognized as a state or regional party, Election Commission of India decides
the criteria from time to time.
ii.
These mainly include conditions regarding minimum votes and minimum seats.
iii. Nationalist Congress Party has fulfilled the criteria for getting recognition as ‘National
Party’. The influence of this party is not limited to state level, but also to a national level.
Thus, Nationalist Congress Party is a National party.
3.
True
i.
In a democracy, citizens are expected to have their own view in public matters and they
should influence the government with their views.
ii.
This can be done by increasing people’s participation. The several ways in which
people’s participation can be increased are through meetings, discussions and
involvement in other political activities.
iii. At the same time, rulers and administrations are also expected to give appropriate
response to the participation by people.
Hence, even though the representatives are elected by the people, citizens should regularly keep
a watch on the functioning of the government.
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Target Publications Pvt. Ltd.
History and Political Science
Q.9. Answer the following questions in 25 to 30 words (any one):
1.
i.
Democracy faces Economic Inequality as a challenge.
ii.
Democracy experiences limitations in a society having unemployment and poverty.
iii. The challenge of maintaining democracy and at the same time tackling poverty, is difficult
for democratic government.
iv. In situations of extreme poverty, democracy remains only in name or endangered due to
social rebellion.
2.
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
In a democracy, the constitution gives various fundamental rights to the citizens.
Similarly, freedom is given to the citizens for different matters. For eg. freedom of
thought, freedom of expression, freedom to form association, freedom to criticize,
freedom to approach the courts for protection of rights etc. These rights cannot be taken
away by anyone as they are protected by law.
The government in majority has to respect the rights of minorities and guarantee
protection to them.
Thus, a democratic government rules within the limits set by constitution and the
citizen’s rights.
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