World War I
- Study Guide-Explain all of the following1. Otto von Bismarck
2. What made the Balkans a powder keg?
3. Long term cause for WWI(the 4 isms)
4. Who did the Germans fight in the Franco-Prussian War?
5. Arch Duke Ferdinand
6. Gavrilo Princip and the Black hand
7. Who were the Allies
8. Who were the Central Powers
9. Trench warfare
10. Submarine warfare
11. Tanks
12. Poison Gas and effects
13. Woodrow Wilson
14. Count Alfred von Schlieffen
15. Plan 17
16. Schlieffen Plan
17. Eastern and Western Fronts
18. Battle of Gallipoli
19. Battle of Somme
20. Battle of Frontiers
21. Armenian Genocide
22. Isolationalism
23. Treaty of Versailles
24. League of Nations
25. How was Germany punished for WWI?
 Explain the causes for World War I
Balkan Powder Keg
- Keeping the Peace The ______________________
Germany’s punishment forwas
WWIa continent of five great powers divided into two categories.
a) The first groupings were the three most powerful states—____________________________
_________________________.
b) The second grouping were lesser in rank, but remained significant for the period—_________
______________________________________.
 The entire period from 1871 to the beginning of WWI was dominated by __________________
international politics, led by Iron Chancellor, ________________________________.
 Bismarck strove for peace and stability across the Continent and helped create the ___________
_________________________, which included Germany’s William I, Austria’s Francis Joseph,
and Russia’s tsar, Alexander II.
 The first real test for the League came in 1877–1878 when Russia went to war with Turkey over
control of the ___________________region{______________________________}.
 Eventually independence was granted to the Balkan states of ___________________________,
and Rumania, and gave ________________ the green light to occupy________________ and
____________________________—two additional Balkan states.
 The Russo-Turkish War caused strained relations, cause several nations to create ___________
 1888 ___________________________________ demands a _____________, Bismarck sees it
as an unnecessary, so the Kaiser forced the _________________________________________.
 The new German diplomats began __________________________________ and dropping out
of previous alliances.
-The Balkans As the nations of Europe allied themselves in a complex _______________________________,
secret alliances, and diplomatic connections, the _________________________________ early
in the twentieth century increased.
 The __________________________ emerges from a combination of tragedy, miscalculation,
and _____________________________________.The center stage for all this was the Balkans.
 Balkan is Turkish for “__________________________” many of them of ____________descent.
 The Balkan states included Greece, Montenegro, Serbia, Bulgaria, and portions of territory
___________________ by the _________________________________ by the Turks and by the
__________________________ Empire in the north.
 By ___________ a series of war ________________________ take place in the attempt to gain
their independence from the Turks.
 Treaty of ___________________________ (1878) granted much of the Balkans independence.
 In 1914, ___________________ wanted to form a large ____________________ in the Balkans.
Serbia was supported by Russia and opposed by _____________________________________.
 Many Serbs wanted to _________________________________ living in the territories of
______________and _________________________ to unite the ________________________.
-Summary-
Causes for WWI
A) _____________________________- a belief that one's language, customs, and
homeland are better than their neighbors.
B) ____________________________ - policy of building up strong military forces
to prepare for war.
-Background for Hurt Feelings in Europe-Before 1870, Germany was a loose federation of states. In 1870, Otto Von
Bismarck united these states into a powerful nation. To protect his country
the "Iron Chancellor" looked for allies. He found allies in Austria-Hungary
and Italy.
- In 1871, Germany won a war against France{Franco-Prussian War}&
took the French area of Alsace and Lorraine. France wanted to regain its
lost territory.
-Austro-Hungarian Empire- had a problem with Nationalism because of
their different ethnic groups of people, such as Czechs, Slovaks and Poles,
Croats and SERBS.
-In Europe as each nation increased its military power, an intricate web of
Alliances arose to deter acts of aggression among the European nations.
C) ______________________________- a formal pact of agreement between nations
to protect each other. The following are the alliances and why they joined them:
1) The _____________________________________: *(Prewar- Triple Alliance-1882)*
Germany - (1) Feared France and Britain would take parts of their loose States.
(2) Wanted to become a world power.
.
Austria-Hungary – (1) A fear of Separating into separate nations-states
(2) Nationalism (3) Desire to be a world power
Italy - Will switch sides during the war and join the allied powers. The
allies promise to give them land owned by Austria.
Ottoman Empire{Turkey} – Tried to hold on to their fleeing Balkan
states. (Joined this alliance later on)
2) The __________________________________________: *(Prewar - Triple Entente)*
Russia - (1) Bad relations with Austria-Hungry because they wanted the Balkan states.
(2) Had a treaty with France to attack Germany if War broke out.
Ottoman Empire{Turkey} – Tried to hold on to their fleeing Balkan
France – Their 1871 Franco-Prussian War - wanted revenge against the Germany.
states. (Joined this alliance later on)
Britain – (1) Feared losing economic-markets to a growing Germany.
(2) If non-friendly Germany and Austria-Hungary would win, Britain would lose its world control.
(3) Belgium was a gateway for British trade with European continent.
Serbia – (1) Wanted to join their fellow Slavs, from Bosnia & create one nation.
 In 1908 __________________________ officially was granted permission to __________________{add }
Bosnia and Herzegovina, which angered _____________ and doomed their hopes to _____________
with their fellow Serbians.
-Outbreak of War 1914 TimelineJune 28th – “The Spark”- _________________________________ a (Black Hand) Serb, Kills
The ______________________________ and Countess __________ of Austria-Hungary.
___________________________________, the ___________________ Emperor, assured
Austria-Hungary that Germany would stand by its ally if war came.
 World War I Begins!!!!
July 28th - ______________________________ declares war on ____________________________.
Russia moves their troops to Germany’s border.
August 1st & 3rd – ______________________declares war on ________________________.
August 4th - Germany invades neutral ____________________________________to get to France.
The Germans, drew up the ___________________________ that involved attacking France
through Belgium and defeating them before Russia attack Germany. ________________
an ally of France and Belgium declares war on _______________________________
August 6th - Austria-Hungry declares war on_______________________
August 12th - _____________________________ declare war on_________________________
August 14th to 25th - The ________________________________ was the first major battle WWI
Late Oct - France, Great Britain(England) and Russia declare war on _______________________
(was the Ottoman empire).
-Summary-
Modern Warfare
- World War I was far different from any other military encounter the world had ever seen.
- Most of the war was fought on the ____________________, French and Germany border.
-New Weapons- Tanks- ______________introduced the armored vehicle to the battlefield in 1916.
- Submarine warfare- Germany perfected the underwater vessel, their _______________,
ruled the high seas.
- _____________________ were tried in combat for the first time during WWI, 15 years
after Orville and Wilber Wright demonstrated flight.
- ______________________ {mustard & chlorine} the gases maimed and killed thousands –
Invented by _________________________. The invention of the gas masks was needed.
- There were different kinds of gas that could be used:
a) Some kinds would blind  bromacetone, 1916, used by both sides.
b) Some would choke you when you breathed it in  chlorine, 1915, both sides used it
c) Some would burn or blister your skin  mustard gas, used by both sides.
- The nastiest thing about mustard gas is that it made the ___________________________
_________________and the victim would start to vomit. It would cause
--Summary-_______________________________, and would target the lungs. It could take up to
___________________________________
 Germany was the first to use chlorine gas at the battle of ______________________.
-Trench Warfare-
-
After the Sept 1914 ____________________________________, the Germans settled onto high
ground and dug trenches.
-
____________________ were cut through battlefield fronts for protection – 6,250 miles
of Trenches dug from English Channel to Switzerland.
_____________________ – dugouts were tiny rooms sunk into the earth, where the men
would live. Water collected turning the soil into treacherous mud ____________________
_______________________________
Between the opposing force’s trenches, lay “
”
crossing it often resulted in death!
-
-Summary-
The Great War
•
Many Europeans _______________________about war.
a) “Defend yourself against the aggressors”.
b) Domestic differences were put aside.
• War would be over in a _______________________ - “Home by Christmas”.
-The Schlieffen Plan• The Schlieffen Plan was created by German Count _____________________________________.
• The Plan:
a) War on ___________________________ – Mobilize quickly.
b) Invade France by way of _________________________________________.
c) Then turn attention on eastern front.
-France’s Plan 17 • Plan 17 was the __________military plan to immediately invade Germany at the beginning of WWI.
• The Plan:
a) Invade _____________the French seized lands of ___________________________________
b) Invade using __________________________________________
c) Infantry assaults would carry the day with the __________________________charge.
-Western Front: Battles • Germany made vast encircling movement through Belgium to enter Paris
 Battle of Marne:
a) Sept 6-10, __________________
b) Stopped the Germans but French troops were exhausted
c) Both sides dug _______________________________________________
 Battle of Verdun:
a) February ________________________________________
b) Ten months long.
c) French and German armies.
d) Estimated ________________________________________________ German casualties
e) No strategic advantages were gained for either side.
 The ________________________________________, April 1915 and January 1916:
• The Allies tried to open a Balkan front, Died:
a) United Kingdom________
e) India-______________
b) France ______________
f) Canada - 49
c) Australia -____________
g) Ottoman Empire -___________
d) New Zealand – 2,721
• Territory Gained – ZERO!!
 Battle of Somme – 1916:
• English and French vs Germany.
• Six months of fighting.
• ________________________________ of advancement for Allies
• ________________________ killed -60,000 Dead British
-Eastern Front Battle of Tannenberg
a) August 1914- First ___________________________________ battle.
b) ________________ was _______________________________ and pushed back.
• The Austrians kicked out of Serbia.
• _____________________attacked Austria in 1915.
• Germany came to Austrian aid and pushed Russians back 300 miles into own territory.
 By 1915: ______________________________________ killed, captured, or wounded.
-Summary-
The Great War Ends!
-America enters the War- March 1917, __________________________ signs a peace treaty with Germany and drops out of
the war (Revolutionaries in Russia).
- The United States and President _____________________________ tried to ______________ in
the first years of World War I. This became more difficult as the war dragged on.
- U.S. enters the war _________ years after it began in Europe.
- Britain and Germany waged a ____________________________{biased or misleading,
exaggerated information to promote political cause} war in the U.S., hoping to sway public
support (U.S. economics and politics were tied to Great Britain).
- American ______________________________ prosper selling food, steel, oil and other supplies
to European countries.
- In order to keep _________________ from reaching their enemies, Britain and Germany enforced
a _________________________________ of the other.
- Germany declares a war zone _________________________________ & ships were sunk on
sight. German U-boat’s _________________________________________ ships.
1. ______________________________ the United States responded to unrestricted submarine
warfare by declaring war on Germany:
a) May 7, 1915 – German ___________________________ the British passenger liner,
__________________________. - 128 Americans killed and a cargo of ______________
_________________cases for British rifles on board too.
b) March 1916: The French ship Sussex was sunk with Americans on board. Storm of
____________ erupted in America, so Germany agrees to the “_______________________”
a promise to _________________ ships before sinking them - did not last long.
2. March 1st 1917 - ___________________________________________________________
a) Decoded by the _________________________, Germany had asked Mexico to Invade the U.S.
b) Mexico would get ________________________________ lost to U.S. because of the 1848 War.
c) Why do this? - Feb 1, 1917 Germany______________________ unrestricted submarine warfare.
-Battle of Belleau Wood in the Argonne Forest – June, 1918- In _________, the addition of more than _________________ American troops helped the Allies
begin to advance toward Germany.
- Battle of Belleau Wood was the first battle involving U.S. troops.
- American and Allied defense of Paris was the ___________________________ of the war.
- In 1918, the addition of more than _________________________________________ helped the
Allies begin to advance toward Germany. By the end of September, The German military official
____________________________________ told German leaders that the war was __________
- Armistice- Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire, & Austria- Hungary ____________________________ in October 1918.
- 19______ to 19_______ four and half years – _____________________________!
- Germans in Berlin overthrow the Kaiser William II & signed an Armistice {________________________}
on November ________th at ________am 1918.
-Summary-
Treaty of Versailles
-The Big Four -1919
- The Versailles Peace Conference lasted nearly ____________________ and was led by the
Council of Four nicknamed the “Big Four”:
 American President, Woodrow _______________ French Premier, George ________________
 British Prime Minister, David Lloyd ____________ Italian Prime Minister, Vittorio ____________
-Treaty of Versailles The ______________________________, officially ended the war on June 28 1919, but the
U.S. ____________________________.
 The treaty was based on President Woodrow Wilson,_______________________- A plan for
lasting _______________________:
a)
b)
c)
d)
An end to secret agreements among nations
Freedom of the seas, free trade, and a limit on arms
Allow national groups self-determination
Formation of a ________________________________ in order to protect the independence of
all nations and settle international disputes.
 Wilson and his 14-Points were designed to treat Germany in a _________ and democratic way,
but George Clemenceau and the others wanted Germany punished severely for her crimes, and
made so weak that she could never make war again.
- The ______________________________, officially ended the war on June 28 1919, but the
U.S. ____________________________.
- The Treaty harshly ___________________________ – They were to pay _________________
{repay debt} about _______________________________ dollars (133 billion gold marks
payments were to be made in cash or by such commodities as steel and coal.) to Allied countries.
- Germany was not allowed to form _____________ and gave up _________________ to France.
- Treaty also _____________________ Europe – example, Austria-Hungary was divided into
Austria, ____________________________, Hungary & Yugoslavia.
-Armenian Genocide-
-
During World War I and immediately afterward (____________________), the government of
____________ forced deportation and _______________________ of between
_________________________________________ Armenians.
-
The Turks __________________________ for their non-Turkic ethnicity, their _______________,
and their _______________________ with Russia, the sworn enemy of the Ottoman Empire.
The League of Nations- A ________________________________ - an organization of nations established at the end of
World War I to maintain world _____________________________________.
- America ___________________________ the Treaty, because it did not want to join the
________________________________, a peace organization.
- It violated the nation’s foreign policy of ____________________________ {no entanglements
with other nations}.
-
President Wilson hoped to win support for the treaty by appealing directly to the people, so Wilson set off
on a cross-country speaking tour in the fall of 1919. At the end of the tour, however…….
-
President Woodrow ___________________________________ trying to get the U.S. to sign the Treaty
of Versailles. Because of his illness, he wasn’t able to convince the America people to sign off on his brainchild.
- What lesson could & should we have learned from this war?_________________________
-Summary-
The Spark
Project: Causes for World War One
A Serbian terrorist group, called the Black Hand decided that the Austrian-Hungarian Archduke, Franz
Ferdinand should be assassinated. When the car the Archduke was riding in stopped, a Black hand
terrorist, named Gavrilo Princip, stepped forward and fired two shots. The first hit the pregnant Sophia
in the stomach, she died almost instantly. The second shot hit the Archduke in the neck. He died a short
while later. Although the assassination of the Franz Ferdinand was the Spark that led to the outbreak of
world war one in August 1914, the actual causes of the war were more complicated.
Alliances
An alliance is an agreement made between two or more countries to give each other help if it is needed.
When an alliance is signed, those countries become known as Allies. A number of alliances
had been signed by countries between the years 1879 and 1914. These were important
because they meant that some countries had no option but to declare war if one of their allies
declared war first. Central powers: Germany, Italy and Austria-Hungary... Allied Powers: Russia, France
and Britain.
Imperialism
The Practice of seeking to extend a Nation power/control by acquiring new territory. Often this is done
solely for the benefit of the larger nation and at the expense of the smaller territory.
Militarism
Militarism means that the army and military forces are built up and are
given a high profile by the government. The growing European divide
had led to an arms race between the main countries. The armies of both
France and Germany had more than doubled between 1870 and 1914
and there was fierce competition between Britain and Germany for
mastery of the seas. The British had introduced the 'Dreadnought', an
effective battleship, in 1906. The Germans soon followed suit
introducing their own battleships. The German, Von Schlieffen also
drew up a plan of action that involved attacking France through Belgium
if Russia made an attack on Germany.
Nationalism
Nationalism means being a strong supporter of the rights and interests of one's country. The belief that
one's language, customs, and homeland are better than your neighbors. The Congress of Vienna,
held after the Napoleonic wars left both Germany and Italy as divided states. It was nationalism the reunification of Italy in 1861 and Germany in 1871. France was angry because the settlement at the end of
the Franco-Prussian war had given Alsace-Lorraine to Germany. Large areas of both Austria-Hungary
and Serbia were home to differing nationalist groups, all of whom wanted freedom from the states in
which they lived.
Directions:
On a poster (Size 22 by 28) you are to create a title for your project. Then create Five sections and in
each section label them Alliances, Imperialism, Militarism, Nationalism and The Spark. For each Section
define and explain those Terms and then draw a well developed, detailed and colored picture that
represents the Terms. MAKE SURE ALL THE WRITTEN IS IN YOUR WORDS!
 GRADE RUBERIC:
- Topic accuracy - 20/10/5 pts
- Written - 20/10/5 pts
- Visuals - 20/10/5 pts
- Color - 20/10/5 pts
- Neatness/Organization - 20/10/5 pts