Rate of Change Summary

Academic Skills Advice
Rate of Change Summary
If you are asked to find the rate of something you need to do:
Change in something
𝑑(π’”π’π’Žπ’†π’•π’‰π’Šπ’π’ˆ)
𝑑𝑑
For example:
Change in time
Find the rate of increase of the area (A) =
𝑑(𝐴)
𝑑𝑑
Find the rate of increase of the height (h) =
𝑑(β„Ž)
𝑑𝑑
𝑑(π‘Ÿ)
Find the rate of increase of the radius (r) =
𝑑𝑑
etc
Fractions
Rates of change can be manipulated the same as normal fractions to find the one you want.
Examples:
Find
Find
𝒅𝒉
𝒅𝒕
𝒅𝒔
𝒅𝒕
, given
, given
π‘‘β„Ž
π‘‘π‘Ÿ
𝑑𝑠
π‘‘π‘Ÿ
π‘‘π‘Ÿ
and
and
𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑
π‘‘π‘Ÿ
multiplying gives:
dividing gives:
π‘‘β„Ž
π‘‘π‘Ÿ
𝑑𝑠
π‘‘π‘Ÿ
×
π‘‘π‘Ÿ
÷
𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑
π‘‘π‘Ÿ
=
𝒅𝒉
=
𝑑𝑠
𝒅𝒕
π‘‘π‘Ÿ
×
π‘‘π‘Ÿ
𝑑𝑑
=
𝒅𝒔
𝒅𝒕
Example:
The area of the surface of a sphere is given by 𝐴 = 4πœ‹π‘Ÿ 2 , where π‘Ÿ is the radius. If the radius of a
sphere is increasing at a rate of 3cm/s, find the rate of increase of the area when π‘Ÿ = 5cm.
We’re given the rate of increase of
the radius, i.e.
π‘‘π‘Ÿ
𝑑𝑑
We want the rate of increase of
(=3)
the area, i.e.
𝑑𝐴
𝑑𝑑
We also know that 𝐴 = 4πœ‹π‘Ÿ 2
Therefore:
𝑑𝐴
π‘‘π‘Ÿ
= 8πœ‹π‘Ÿ
We can use the fact that
𝑑𝐴
𝑑𝑑
=
𝑑𝐴
π‘‘π‘Ÿ
×
π‘‘π‘Ÿ
𝑑𝑑
, therefore
𝑑𝐴
𝑑𝑑
= 8πœ‹π‘Ÿ × 3 = 24πœ‹π‘Ÿ
When π‘Ÿ = 5, the rate of increase of the area = 120πœ‹
H Jackson 2010 / Academic Skills
1
Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/