Palisade in Spring Wheat
Small Plot Replicated Trial
On-Farm Research Network
2016
Small Plot and On-Farm Research Trials
Different Methods and Objectives, but the
Same Goal (Improve Wheat Yields & Profits)
On-Farm Trials
Small Plot Research
Lodging in Wheat
• Variable by year, areas in the field, variety
• Tall wheat varieties most prone to lodge
• Lodging most likely with high seeding and
nitrogen rates, low levels of potassium and
copper
• Weather: wind, high soil moisture
• Root diseases
• Yield losses of >60%
• Decrease harvest efficiency
Palisade Plant Growth
Regulator
• Plant Growth Regulator (PGR) labeled for
use in wheat
• Reduces plant height
• Shortens internodes length
• Increases stem diameter
• Lowers plants center of gravity
Research Objective
• To evaluate the efficacy of the plant
growth regulator, Palisade, on the growth
and development, yield and quality
components in spring wheat
• Both small plot and On-Farm trials
conducted in 2016
On-Farm Research Network
Trials - Methods
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Six locations in NW MN in 2016
Prosper (3), Forefront (2), Digger (1)
RCB design with 3 or 4 reps
Two treatments: Palisade and untreated
Palisade rate 12 oz/ac applied at Feekes
GS 7
• All strips weighted and subsamples taken
for quality analysis
Feekes - Growth Stages in Wheat
Magnusson Research Farm
Small Plot - Research Methods
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Wheat variety: Prosper
Three Palisade 2 EC rates: 3.5, 5.3 & 7.2oz/ac
Two timings: Feekes 5 and 8
Two nitrogen rates: 160 and 200 pounds
(applied + background)
• Small plot equipment used for planting, trial
maintenance and harvest
Small Plot - Research Methods
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Experimental design – RCB w/4 reps
Plot size 6 x 15 feet
Seeding rate: 125 pounds/acre
Seeding date: May 11
Wheat yield goal: 80 bu/ac
Intensive management
Harvest date: September 3
Data Collected
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Wheat heading date
Lodging
Plant height
Biomass production maturity
Test weight
Protein
Grain yield
2016 Growing Season - Recap
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Dry winter
Dry early spring
Cool and wet summer
Research site dry
early, wet to
waterlogged soil
conditions late May
and June
• Average wheat yields
Roseau Rainfall in April - July
Average Compared to 2016
Rainfall in Inches
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
April
May
June
Average
2016
July
Accumulated Rainfall from
Two -10 day Periods, Roseau
5/26-6/4 – 3.31 inches
6/12-6/22 – 4.4 inches
Rainfall
Rainfall
2.5
1
0.9
0.8
2
0.7
0.6
1.5
0.5
0.4
1
0.3
0.2
0.5
0.1
0
0
Rainfall
Rainfall
Palisade Trial – U of MN
Magnusson Research Farm
Trial Overview – 6/13
Trial Overview – 7/8
Wheat Lodging Influenced by Palisade
Rate, Timing or Nitrogen Rate
Wheat Lodging
• No wheat lodging
observed from any
Palisade rate, timing or
nitrogen rate
• Isolated lodged areas
noted in untreated
strips in On-Farm
research trials
Plot Overview – 9/1/16
Plant Height from Palisade at 3.5, 5.3 & 7.2
oz/ac applied to Wheat at Feekes 5 and 8
Averaged over Nitrogen Rate
Plant Height in Inches
38
37
37
37
36.4
36
36
35.6
35
33.7
34
33.5
33
Feekes 8
32.3
32
31
30
29
0
3.5
5.3
Feekes 5
7.2
Wheat Heading from Palisade at 3.5, 5.3 & 7.2
oz/ac Applied to Wheat at Feekes 5 and 8
Averaged over Nitrogen Rate
Days Delay from Untreated
3.5
3
3
3
2.5
2
1.5
1.5
1.5
1
1
0.5
0.5
0
0
0
0
3.5
5.3
7.2
Feekes 5
Feekes 8
Wheat Biomass (3 inch stubble)
2x2 Area From Each Plot
Wheat Sub-Samples
Biomass Sample Timing
Dry Matter Reduction from Palisade at 3.5,
5.3 &7.2 oz/ac Applied to Wheat at Feekes 5
and 8 with 160 Pounds Nitrogen
%
18
17
16
15
14
13
13
13
12
10
10
Feekes 5
8
Feekes 8
6
4
2
0
0
0
0
3.5
5.3
7.2
Dry Matter Reduction from Palisade at 3.5,
5.3 & 7.2 oz/ac Applied to Wheat at Feekes 5
and 8 with 200 Pounds Nitrogen
%
25
20
20
17
15
Feekes 5
Feekes 8
9
10
7
6
4
5
0
0
0
0
3.5
5.3
7.2
Wheat Yield (bu/acre) from Palisade at 3.5,
5.3 & 7.2 oz/ac Applied to Wheat at Feekes 5
and 8 with 160 Pounds Nitrogen
Bu/ac
72
70.3
70.3
70
68
67.2
66.9
66.7
65.6
66
64
62.7
Feekes 5
62
Feekes 8
59.2
60
58
56
54
52
0
3.5
5.3
7.2
Wheat Yield (bu/acre) from Palisade at 3.5,
5.3 & 7.2 oz/ac Applied to Wheat at Feekes 5
and 8 with 200 Pounds Nitrogen
Bu/ac
74
73
73
73
72.9
72
71
70
69.5
Feekes 5
68.8
69
68.8
68.7
Feekes 8
68.1
68
67
66
65
0
3.5
5.3
7.2
Wheat Height and Yield from On-Farm
Research Network Trials in 2016
Plant Height
Grain Yield
Inches
bu/ac
82
36
81.5
35
81
80.5
34
80
79.5
33
79
78.5
32
78
77.5
31
77
30
76.5
Yield
Height
Untreated
Palisade
Untreated
Palisade
Summary
• Small plot trial, waterlogged soil
conditions, especially Feekes 5
• No lodging observed from any Palisade
rate, timing or nitrogen rate
• Wheat height similar from Palisade @ 3.5
oz/ac and the untreated
• Palisade at 5.3 and 7 oz/ac reduced wheat
height 2.4 and 4 inches, respectively
averaged over growth stage
Summary
• Wheat heading date was delayed an average of
2.5 and 1 day when applied to Feekes 5 and 8,
respectively, averaged over Palisade rate
• At 160 pounds N, wheat dry matter was reduced
15 and 13% from Palisade (averaged over rate)
applied to Feekes 5 and 8, respectively
• At 200 pounds N, wheat dry matter was reduced
11 and 10% from Palisade (averaged over rate)
applied to Feekes 5 and 8, respectively
Summary
• Wheat yield was 2.7 bu/ac more from 200
pounds of nitrogen compared to 160
• Wheat yields were reduced by 11.1 and
7.6 bu/ac from Palisade at 5.3 and 7 oz/ac,
respectively, applied at Feekes 5
• Wheat yields tended higher in untreated
than Palisade treated regardless of rate,
timing, and nitrogen fertility rate
Summary
• Wheat protein in the untreated plots
averaged 12.8% from 160, and 14.5% from
200 pounds of nitrogen
• No differences observed in wheat protein
or test weight from Palisade applied in
small plot or On-Farm trials
Questions