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Junior Inter Zoology
Unit - 5
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Locomotion & Reproduction In Protozoans
Very Short Answer Questions
1.
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List any two differences between a Flagellum and Cilium.
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Flagellum
A:
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a) It is short and hair like.
a) It is long and whip like.
b) Flagellae are generally originate
at anterior end of body.
Cilium
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b) Cilia are present all over the body
or confined to peristome.
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c) Flagellae perform undular movement. c) Cilia perform pendular movement.
2.
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What is a kinety?
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A: A row of kinetosomes along with kinetodesmata constitute a kinety. It lies just
below the pellicle.
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e.g.: Paramoecium.
3.
Distinguish between proter and opisthe.
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A: During binary fission in paramoecium, the daughter formed from the anterior
half of parent is called proter and that is formed from posterior half is called
opisthe.
4.
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Define conjugation with reference to ciliates. Give two examples.
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A: a) Temporary union of two senile ciliates of different mating types for the
exchange of micro nuclear material is known as conjugation.
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e.g.: Paramoecium, Vorticella.
5.
Define Lobopodia and Filopodia and give an example for each.
A: a) Lobopodia are finger like pseudopodia with blunt tips.
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e.g.: Amoeba.
b) Filopodia are thread like or fibre like pseudopodia with branches.
e.g.: Euglypha.
R-10-1-15
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Short Answer Questions
6.
Draw a neat labelled diagram of Paramoecium and label its important
structures.
Pellicle
Cilia
Anterior contractile vacuole
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Micronucleus
Macronucleus
Oral groove
Cytostome
Cytopharynx
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Food vacuole
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7.
Posterior contractile vacuole
Cytopyge
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Describe the process of longitudinal binary fission in Euglena.
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A: Longitudinal binary fission takes place in Euglena during favourable conditions.
The division of nucleus during binary fission is known as karyokinesis and that
of cytoplasm is called cytokinesis.
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★ Euglena is a spindle shaped fresh water protozoan having two flagellae in the
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anterior end arising from two basal granules besides cytostome, cytopharynx,
reservoir; contractile vacuole, stigma, para flagellar body etc., In the middle
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of the body, is a nucleus and green rod like chromatophores.
a. During binary fission, nucleus divides by mitosis.
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b. Then the basal granules, chromatophores also divide.
c. A constriction appears in the anterior end and grow deep, dividing the parent
Euglena into two daughter Euglenae.
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d. The basal granules and flagellae are retained by one daughter and the other
acquire new flagellae from newly formed basal granules.
e. Stigma, paraflagellar body, contractile vacuole etc., of parent disappear and
reappear in two daughter Euglenae.
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f. As the daughter Euglenae formed by longitudinal binary fission are like
mirror images, the binary fission in Euglena is also known as symmetrogenic
division.
8.
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What are lateral appendages of flagellae? Based on their presence or
absence, write various types of flagellae giving at least one example for each
type.
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b
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A: a. Some types of flagellae have one or two rows of short, lateral appendages
called flimmers and mastigonemes.
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b. Based on the occurrence of lateral appendages, flagellae are classified into
five types.
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Lateral appendages
Type of flagellum
i. Stichonematic
Example
One row of lateral Euglena
appendages on axoneme
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ii. Pantonematic
Two or more rows of Monas
lateral appendages on
axoneme.
iii. Acronematic
No lateral appendages. Polytoma
But axoneme is bare at the
lip.
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iv. Pantacronematic Axoneme has two or more Urceolus
rows of lateral appendages
and axoneme is bare at the
lip
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a
v. Anematic
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No lateral appendages. Chilomonas
Axoneme is sheathed
entire length.
Writer: K. Sreeramulu
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