UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT
(Abstract)
B.Sc programme in Geography-under Choice based Credit Semester System
(UG)- Scheme and Syllabus- revised IVth Semester onwards - approved –
implemented-with effect from 2009 admission onwards -Orders issued.
GENERAL & ACADEMIC BRANCH-IV ‘J’ SECTION
No. GA IV/J2/5166 /08
Dated, Calicut University P.O. 30.11.2010.
Read:1. U.O.No. GAI/J2/5166/08 dated, 30.06.2009.
2. Item no.1a of the minutes of the meeting of the Board of Studies in
Geography held on 26.07.2010
3. Orders of the Vice-Chancellor in file of even no.on 06.09.2010.
ORDER
As per University Order read as first, the scheme and syllabus of B.Sc
programme under Choice based Credit Semester System was implemented
in affiliated Arts and Science Colleges of the University with effect from 2009
admission onwards.
The Board of Studies in Geography, vide paper read as second,
discussed the programme structure and scheme of Choice based Credit
Semester System-UG and resolved to make changes and rearrangements in
the syllabus of B.Sc Geography under Choice based Credit Semester
System-UG from 4th Semester onwards with effect from 2009 admission.
The Vice Chancellor approved the item no.I of the minutes of the
meeting of the Board of Studies in Geography subject to ratification by the
Academic Council.
Sanction has therefore been accorded for implementing the revised
scheme, syllabus of B.Sc programme in Geography from fourth semester
onwards with effect from 2009 admission
Orders are issued accordingly.
appended.
To
Revised Scheme and Syllabus
Sd/DEPUTY REGISTRAR (G & A-IV)
For REGISTRAR
The Principals of affiliated Colleges offering MSc programme in
Geography
Copy to:
PS to VC,PA to Registrar,Chairman,
B/SGeography,CE,EX,DRIII,DR,
Forwarded/By Order
(B.Sc),EGI,Enquiry,System Administrator
(with a request to upload in the University Website),
Information Centres,GAI`F``G`GAII,III
Sd/SECTION OFFICER
UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT
Curriculum for - BSc GEOGRAPHY Programme
(Choice Based Credit Semester System)
Core Course – GEOGRAPHY
Complimentary Course
Complimentary Course
Open Courses –
- I – Cartography
- II - Stastistics
1. Principles of Remote sensing
2. Environmental studies.
3. Physical Geography
Undergraduate Programme in Geography
Rules & Regulations and Syllabus
Rules and regulations
The Calicut University regulations for under-graduate curriculum 2009
(CCSSUG 2009) is applicable to Undergraduate programme in GEOGRAPHY.
Programme structure
Duration of the programme shall be six semesters distributed in a period of three years. Each
semester consists of a minimum of 90 working days, including examination, distributed over 18
weeks each of 5 working days.
The Programme leading to B.Sc.Geography shall have the following courses from four types of
courses viz.
Common Course, Core Course, Complementary Course and Open Course.
Common Courses (10 theory) with 38 credits
Core courses (10 Theory, 3 Practicals, 1 Elective theory and 1 Project) with 54 credits
Open Course - (one Course from other department) with 4 credits
Complementary courses - (4 Theory and 1 Practical from Cartography and 4 Theory
courses from Statistics ) with 24 credits.
Evaluation
There shall be examination at the end of each semester which is to be conducted by the
University. All the University Practical Examinations are restricted to fourth and sixth
semesters. Both theory and practical examinations will be of three hour duration.
Internal Assessment:
Internal Assessment content shall be restricted to 25% of the total.
The components of continuous internal assessment are as follows:
Theory:
Sl.No.
1
2
3
4
5
Components
Attendance
Test Paper
Seminar
Assignment
Total
Weightage
1
2
1
1
5
Practical
Sl.No.
1
2
3
4
5
Components
Attendance
Practical Test
Record
Viva
Total
Grades
Grade points
Weightage
1
2
1
1
5
A
B
C
D
E
(Excellent)
4
(Very Good)
3
(Good)
2
(Average)
1
(Poor)
0
Grade for Attendance
% Attendance
Grade
90% above
A
85-90
B
Code Details:
Core Subject:
Common Course:
Core Course:
Complimentary course:
Complimentary I
Complimentary II
Open Course:
Elective:
Semester Code:
Course No.
Practical
Project
GR – Geography
A
B
C
CG - Cartography
SG – Statistics
D
E
1, 2, 3,4,5,6
01, 02, 03……
(P)
(PR)
80-85
C
75-80
D
Below 75
E
Undergraduate Programme in Geography
Structure and Scheme
Semester I
Sl.
no
1
Course
Code
A01
6
7
8
Credits
4
3
Critical reasoning, writing and
presentation
5
3
A07
Communication skills in other
Languages
4
4
2
2
2
*
2
2
2
*
4
3
Contact
hours
Credits
4
4
5
4
4
4
2
2
2
*
2
2
2
*
4
3
3
5
Communication skills in English
Contact
hours
A02
2
4
Course Title
GR1B01
GR4B01(P)
CGIC01
CG4C01(P)
SG1C01
Origin & Structure of the Earth
Practical I- Map Analysis
History & Development of Cartography
Cartography Practical I
Statistical Methods
Total
Credits
17
Semester II
Sl.
no
1
Course
Code
A03
2
A04
3
4
5
6
7
8
A07
GR2B02
GR4B01(P)
CG2C02
CG4C01(P)
SG2C02
Course Title
Reading Literature in English
Readings on Indian Constitution,
Secularism and Sustainable
Environment
Translation and Communication in other
Languages
Landforms
Practical I- Map Analysis
Map Making
Cartography Practical
Regression Analysis,
Time Series and Index Numbers
Total
Credits
19
Semester III
Sl.
no
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
Course
Code
A05
A09
GR3B03
GR4B01(P)
CG3C03
CG4C01(P)
SG1C03
Course Title
Literature and Contemporary Issues
Literature in Other Languages
Climatology & Oceanography
Practical I- Map Analysis
Thematic Maps
Cartography Practical
Probability
Contact
hours
Credits
5
4
5
4
3
3
2
*
3
2
2
*
4
3
Contact
hours
Credits
5
4
5
4
3
3
2
6
3
2
2
4
4
3
3
3
4
4
3
3
Total
Credits
16
Semester IV
Sl.no
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
Course Code
A 06
A10
GR4B04
GR4B01(P)
CG4C04
CGC01(P)
SG4C04
Course Title
History and Philosophy of Science
Culture and Civilization
Principles of Geo-informatics
Practical I Map Analysis
Modern Techniques in Cartography
Cartography Practical
Testing of Hypotheses
Total
Credits
26
Semester V
1
GR5B05
2
GR5B06
3
GR5B07
Geography of Tourism
World Regional Geography with special
reference to S.W Asia
Methodology of Geographical studies
Total
credits
14
5
GR5D01
GR5D02
GR5D03
GR6B02(P)
6
GR6B03(P)
4
7
Open course –
1.Principles of Remote Sensing
2.Environmental Geography
3. Physical Geography
Practical II Diagrams & Map Projections
Practical III Surveying & Topographical
Maps.
Project
3
4
5
*
5
*
2
*
Semester VI
1
GR6B08
Geography of Resources
4
3
2
GR6B09
Geography of India
4
4
3
GR6B10
3
3
4
GR6B11(E)
2
2
5
GR6B02(P)
5
6
6
GR6B03 (P)
5
6
7
GR6B(PR)
Human Geography
Open Course
(Optional) -Natural
Hazards & Disaster Management
Practical II- Diagrams & Map
Projections
Practical III-Surveying & Topographical
Maps.
Project*
2
4
Total
credits
28
*The number of students assigned to do the project work under the guidance of a teacher is fixed as 6 since the
project work in Geography involves field work.
Weightage for each Practical is 30
SYLLABUS – BSc GEOGRAPHY
GR1B01 Origin & Structure of the Earth
Instruction Hours : 2hrs/ week
Credit
:2
Modul
e
Contents
I
Universe and Solar System- Major planets-Earth in Solar system –
Origin of earth - theories-Nebular ,Planetesimal, Binary star,& Tidal
theory.
II
Shape and Size of the earth – Latitude – Longitude - Movements –
Rotation and Revolution – Time zones- Inter national date line –
Seasons
III
Distribution of land and water – Origin of continents and oceans –
Wegner’s Drift theory -Evidences & criticisms -Sea floor spreading –
Plate tectonics- Types of plates – Major & minor plates –
Isostasy -Views of Airy & Pratt
IV
Geomorphic processes – Endogenic – Fold – Fault – Volcanism –
Earthquakes – Interior of the earth – Materials of the earth crust
V
Rocks – Types – Igneous, Sedimentary and Metamorphic rocks
Reference Books
Arthur N Strahler
Woolridge & RS Morgan
H Jeffrey
F J Monkhouse
Lake P
Morris Davis
Finch & Trewartha
Physical Geography
Physical Basis of Geography
The Earth, its origin & physical composition
Physical Geography
Physical Geography
Physical Geography
Elements of Geography
GR2B02 Landforms
Instruction Hours : 2hrs/ week
Credit : 2
Modul
Contents
e
Exogenic processes – Weathering - Denudation & Erosion - Types of
I
Weathering– Controlling factorsMechanical Weathering -Block disintegration , Spheroidal weathering ,
Granular weathering & ExfoliationBiological Weathering - Plant, Animal & Biochemical WeatheringChemical weathering – Oxidation, Carbonation, Hydration & Solution
Soils – Structure, Texture & Soil profile – Factors of soil formationII
characteristics - Soil classification – Major soil types of the world
III
Gradation – Degradation and Aggradation – Agents of Erosion
Streams- Antecedent & Superimposed streams – Types of Drainage
Patterns – Dendrtic, Trellis, Rectangular, Radial,& Centripetal
Patterns.-Consequent, Insequent, subsequent, obsequent &
Resequent streams -Normal cycle of erosion
IV
Erosional & Depositional landforms produced by River, Wind, Glacier–
Underground water & sea waves.
Types of coastlines- Emerged Coastline, Submerged coastline,
Dalmatian coast, Ria Coast, Fiord Coast.
Reference Books
Arthur N Strahler
Woolridge & RS Morgan
H Jeffrey
F J Monkhouse
Lake P
Morris Davis
Finch & Trewartha
Physical Geography
Physical Basis of Geography
The Earth, its origin & physical composition
Physical Geography
Physical Geography
Physical Geography
Elements of Geography Physical & Cultural
GR3B03 Climatology & Oceanography
Instruction Hours: 3hrs/ week
Credit : 3
Modul
e
I
II
III
IV
Contents
Significance of climatology as a branch of Geography- Influence of
climate on man
Atmosphere - Composition &Structure -Troposphere, Straosphere,
Ionosphere & Exosphere –
Homosphere & HeterosphereWeather and climate – Elements of Weather –
Insolation- Controlling factors –– Heat Budget
Temperature - Measurement – Distribution – Horizontal – Factors –
Vertical – Normal lapse rate – Inversion of temperature
Atmospheric Pressure – Measurement – Distribution – Horizontal –
Coriolis force – Major pressure belts – Vertical – Winds – Velocity and
Direction – General circulation of the atmosphere – Primary or
Planetary winds – Secondary or seasonal winds – Monsoon – Local
winds - Apparent shift of pressure and wind belts.
Atmospheric humidity – Types – Evaporation – Condensation – Forms
of condensation – Fog – Clouds – Classification – Precipitation – Types
– Distribution
Air masses – Source Regions – Classification – Characteristics of each
type. Fronts – Classification- Cold front, Warm Front & occluded frontCyclones – Tropical & Temperate
Stages and development of temperate cyclones – Anti-cyclones
Climatic classification – Koeppen’s climatic classification
Distribution of Land and Water – Major Oceans – Relief of the ocean
V
floor – Bottom relief of Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Ocean
Temperature and Salinity of the oceans – Distribution
Waves, Tides and Currents. Cold & Warm Currents of the Indian,
VI
Pacific & Atlantic Ocean -Counter Currents
Coral reefs – Types - Barrier reef, Atoll, Fringing Reef & coral islands
VII
Theories of Coral formation Deposits of the ocean floor - Resources of
the oceans
Reference Books
Petterson
An Introduction to Meteorology
Barry & Chorley
Atmosphere Weather & climate
Trewartha GT
An Introduction to climate
Perry A H & Walker J M
The Ocean Atmosphere system
Finch & Trewartha
Elements of Geography
GR4B04 Principles of Geo-informatics
No. of credits
:3
No. of contact hours: 3hrs/week
Modul
e
I
Contents
Personal computers-Peripherals, networks-Communication-Mobile
technology-operating systems- common software
II
Data, information and knowledge- internet- Access to internet- dialup,
DSL, cable, ISDN, WIFI –internet as reference source-Intellectual
property right-information technology in education-INFLIBNET,
NICNET & BRNET.
III
Geo-informatics – components – Remote sensing, GPS & GIS – types
– Principles – Electro magnetic radiation – Interaction of EMR with soil,
vegetation and water – Platforms – sensors – resolutions
IV
Remote Sensing Programmes – LANDSAT – SPOT – Indian Remote
Sensing Satellites – Remote Sensing Products – Applications
V
Global Positioning System – Segments – Principles – Applications
VI
GIS – Definition – components
Data models: Raster and Vector data models – Data Input – Data
analysis : Measurements – Buffering – Overlay analysis – Surface
analysis – Data out applications
Reference Books
Heywood
Chang K
Borough P A
John R Jenson
Lillesand T M, Kiffer RM
-
An introduction to GIS
An Introduction to GIS
Principles of GIS for Land Resource Assessment
Remote sensing of the Environment
Remote sensing and image interpretation
Sebens F
-
Remote Sensing – Principles and interpretation
GR5B05 - Geography of Tourism
No. of Credits :
3
No. of Contact hours : 3hrs/ week
Module
I. Concept of Leisure, Travel & Tourism- Travel in Ancient , Medieval &
Modern Period. Role of Geography in Tourism
II. Elements of Tourism- Tourism Attraction –Classification – AccessibilityAmenities- Determinants of Tourism
III. Transport & Tourism – Tourism Restrictions –Passport, Visa, Credit card&
Foreign exchange- Tourism & Environment
IV. Tourism planning- Travel agency-Concept of Package Tour Publicity.
V. Tourism organizations-WTO, ITDC, KTDC- Functions
VI. Tourism in Kerala- Status & Pattern
Reference Books:
Alan A Lew
Clare A Gunn
Ranjith Taneja
Sashi Prabha Sharma
Krishna K Karma
- A Companion to Tourism
- Tourism Planning
- Travel Geography
- Tourism & Environment
- Basics of Tourism
GR5B06 World Regional Geography With special reference to S.W Asia
No. of credits
:4
No. of contact hours :4hrs/week
Modul
e
Contents
I
Concept of a region – classification – Natural, cultural and economic
regions
II
Natural regions –Location, Climate, Flora& Fauna, Human Life &
Economic life of - Equatorial, Tropical Desert, Mediterranean & Taiga
regions
III
Economic region – Major industrial regions of Asia, N.America,
S.America, Europe & Africa.
IV
Systematic study of SW Asia with reference to relief, climate and
natural divisions, Population, Agriculture, Industries, Mining, Trade &
Transport.
V
Detailed study of Iran and Saudi Arabia – Location, Climate, Relief,
Population, Agriculture, Industries, Mining, Trade, transport &
Economic development
Reference Books
Heitzelman & Higsmith
Bemgston & Vanroyen
Robinson H
Unsted J E
Gohcheng Leong
-
World Regional Geography
World Regional Geography
World Regional Geography
Systematic Regional Geography
South West Asia
GR5B07 Methodology of Geographical studies
No. of credits : 3
No. of contact Hours: 3hrs/week
Modul
e
Contents
I
Types of Knowledge: Practical, Theoretical, and Scientific knowledge.
Information
What is Science ; What is not science; Laws of science. Basis for
scientific law and factual truth.
Geography as a Science – Approaches
Four traditions – Earth Science – Man land – Spatial – Area studies
II
III
Map as a tool – Mapping techniques – Field work – Local Geography
Data collection – Need – Types of data – Primary – Methods of
collection - Secondary data – Published and unpublished sources –
problems
Data analysis – Tabulation – Representation – Diagrams – Thematic
maps – Interpretation – Testing – Report writing – Reference –
Bibliography
IV
Reference Books
McCullagh
P. Haggett
Ackerman
Harvey D
Hartshorne R
Minshell R
Science in Geography Series 1-4
Geography – A Modern Synthesis – P. Haggett
Geography as a fundamental research discipline
Explanation in Geography
Perspective on the Nature of Geography
Changing nature of Geography
GR6B08 Geography of Resources
Instruction Hours: 3hrs/ week
Credit
:3
Modul
e
I
Contents
Resources – Renewable and Non-renewable – Need for conservation
II
Natural resources – Agriculture – Major crops – Rice, wheat, cotton ;
Forest resources – Types; Animal resources – Dairying regions; Major
fisheries-Major fishing grounds
III
Energy resources – Coal, Petroleum & Nuclear energy resources –
Minerals – Iron ore, Mica Manganese, Bauxite and copper Production &
Distribution
IV
Industrial resources – Iron and steel - cotton textile – ship building
Location Factors-Production & Distribution
V
Transport – Road – Railway – Major sea routes – Air transport.
Trade - Pattern of world trade
References:
K.K. khanna & V.K.Gupta
Alexander John
Zimmerman
Jones & Drakenwald
Das Gupta
Huntington
Chisholm
Economic & Commercial Geography
Economic Geography
World Resources & Industry
Economic Geography
Economic & Commercial Geography
Principles of Economic Geography
Geography of Economics
World Bank Development Report
GR6B09 Geography of India with special reference to Kerala
No. of credits
:4
No. of contact hours :3hrs/week
Modul
e
I
II
III
IV
V
Contents
Location –Strategic setting, Relief –Detailed study of major
physiographic divisions, Drainage –North Indian & South Indian rivers,
Climate – Monsoon- Origin & spread -Distribution of rainfall- Variability,
Soil –Major types- Distribution, Natural Vegetation –Types, Himalayan
Forests
Agriculture – crops – Rice, Wheat, cotton, sugarcane, tea
Irrigation – Multipurpose projects – Problems of Indian agriculture\
Minerals – Iron ore, Manganese, Bauxite, coal and petroleum
Industries – Iron & Steel, Cotton textile, Cement, Sugar
Transport – Road - Railway – Major ports – Air transport – Foreign
trade
Geography of Kerala – Relief, Climate, Rivers, Vegetation, Population,
Agriculture, Industries,
Reference Books
Mamoria C B
-
Economic and Commercial Geography of India
Gopal Singh
Sharma T C & Countinho
Singh R L
Spate O H K
Govt. of India Publication
Govt. of India Publication
Geography of Kerala
Economy of Kerala
Resource Atlas of Kerala
Gazetter of Kerala
Geology of Kerala
Water Atlas of Kerala
District Handbooks
-
A Geography of India
Economic and Commercial Geography of India
India a Regional Geography
India, Pakistan & Celon.
2008
Gazetteer of India
Dr. George Kurian
Karunakaran & Sankaranarayanan
Centre for Earth Science Studies
Kerala Gazetter, Govt. of Kerala
Dr. K. Soman
CWRDM, Kozhikode
Dept. of Public Relatiions, Govt. of Kerala
GR6B10 Human Geography
Instruction Hours : 3hrs/ week
Credit
:3
Modul
Contents
e
Scope and content of Human Geography – Concepts – Determinism,
I
Possibilism and Neo determinism.
Makers of Human Geography-Alexander Von Humboldt, Carl Ritter,
Friedrich Ratzel, Videl de- La Blache, Jean Brunches, Ellen C Semple,
Isiah Bowman, Ellsworth Huntinhton, Griffith Taylor, Halfford John
Mackinder, A.J.Herbertson &Peter Hagget
Mode of life – Primitive culture – Hunting and food gathering – Pastoral
II
nomadism – Subsistence farming - Industrial revolution Technological era – World cultural regions -Major Races, Languages
& religion
Human Adaptation to the environment:
III
(i) cold region—Eskimo;
(ii) hot region - Bushman
(iii) Plateau— Masai
(iv) Mountain —nomads
Distribution of population; world distribution pattern - factors
influencing spatial distribution - physical, economic and social
Concepts of over population, under population and optimum
population.
IV
Zero population growth: Demographic Transition model
Migration—Types-internal and international.
Population theory: Malthusian theory
Population regions of India - Problem of over population of India and
remedial measures. Population policy of India.
Settlements – Rural – Types – Urban – Characteristics of urban
V
centers - Urban morphology - Urban problems
Reference Books:
Hagget P
Geography –A Modern Synthesis
Perpillion .A.V.
Human Geography
Fellman J
Human Geography
Leon G V & Morgan GC Human & Economic Geography
Chisholm M
Modern World Development – A Geographic Perspective
Jones E
Human Geography
Smith DM
Human Geography –A Welfare Approach
Lebon J H
An Introduction to Human Geography
GR6B11 (E) Natural Hazards and Disaster Management
No. of credits
:2
No. of contact hours: 2hrs/week
Modul
e
I
II
III
IV
Contents
Natural hazards – Definition – Classification – Impact on the
environment and society
Geo-tectonic hazards – earthquakes – Volcanoes – Landslides –
Distribution
Geo-hydrological hazards : Floods - Droughts – Cyclones – World
Distribution . Prone areas in India.& Kerala – Biological hazards –
types and distribution
Disaster Management : Structural and non-structural measures – Role
of Government and voluntary organizations
Reference Books
Majid Hussain
Arvind Kumar
R D Gupta
G K Ghosh
John Glasson
-
Geographical hazards
Oceanic Diaster
Environmental pollution, hazards and control
Diaster management
Introduction to Environmental Impact Assessment
Open course
GR5D01
No. of credits
Principles of Remote Sensing
:4
No. of contact hours: 3hrs/week
Modul
e
I
II
Contents
Basics of Mapping – Scale – Signs & Symbols – Projection – Types of
maps – Conventional and modern mapping
Remote Sensing – Definition – type – Principles – EMR – Interaction of
EMR with soil, vegetation and water – platforms – sensors – resolution
- ideal remote sensing system
III
Aerial remote sensing - types of photographs – characteristics –
elements of air photo interpretation – Applications
IV
Satellite remote sensing – World programmes - LANDSAT, SPOT and
IRS – Satellites and their sensor characteristics – Data products –
visual interpretation of imageries – application
Reference Books
John R Jenson
Lillesand TM, Kiffer RM
Burrough
Curran P
Subens F
-
Remote Sensing of the Environment
Remote Sensing and image interpretation
Principles of GIS for Land resource assessment
Principles of Remote Sensing
Remote Sensing – Principles and interpretation
Open course
GR5D02 Environmental Studies
No. of credits
:4
No. of contact hours: 3hrs/week
Modules
Contents
I
Nature & scope of Environmental studies-Types and components of
environment- Man Environment relationship- Changing nature of the
concepts.
II
Ecosystem-structure- Classification- Biomes- Functioning of the
Ecosustem- Food web- Food pyramid- Nutrient cycles- Bio diversityNatural hazards- Floods & droughts.
III
Environmental degradation- Meaning- Types, Causes and factors.
IV
Environmental problems- Urban environment and pollution- Emerging
environmental issues- Environment and Health.
V
Environment and Planning- Environmental quality- Environmental
lawsand protection of environment- Environmental Impact AssessmentNeed for inter disciplinary approach
References
1. Ackerman, E.A, Geography as a fundamental discipline, University of Chicago,
Research papers, 1958.
2. Agarwal,A and Sen.S, The Citizen’s Fifth Report, Centre for Science & Environment.
New Delhi 1999.
3. Bertalanffy,L. General Systems Theory, George Bragiller New York, 1958
4. Sharma,H.s. Rathambore Sanctuary- Dilemma and eco- development, Concept.
5. Chandna,R.c, Environmental Awareness, Kalyani Publishers.
Open course
GR5D03 PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
Modules
contents
I
Geographical Locations- Absolute and Relative Location
Latitude, Longitude and Time zones, Solar system
II
Land forms- First Order, Second order and Third Order Landforms-
Major Relief features- External and Internal forces – Landform features
produced by Running water wind and waves.
III
Climatology- Atmosphere- Insolation- Temperature. Pressure, Wind
and Humidity, Forms of Condensation and Precipitation- Types and
distribution of Rainfall
IV
Oceanography- Distribution of land and Sea- Bottom topography of
Oceans- Temperature, Salinity of Oceans. Ocean currents and Ocean
deposits.
Elements of Biogeography- Eco system Food chain Food web and
Environment- Elements of Pant Geography and Zoo geographyDistribution of forests
V
References
1.
2.
3.
4.
Dayal. P (1990), Text book of Geomorphology, Shukia, BOOk Depot, Patna, India.
Lal, D.S., (1996), Climatology, Allahabad, Chaithanya Publishing House.
Robinson, H., (1978), Biogeography, ECBS & Mc Donald and Evans, London.
Thornbury.W.D., Principles of Geomorphology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
GR4B01(P)
Practical 1 Map Analysis
No. of credits: 6
No. of contact hours: 2hrs/week
Modul
e
Contents
I
Maps – classification
2
Scales – Definition – Representation of scales – Plain, Diagonal,
Comparative & Time scale
Enlargement and Reduction of maps – Graphical and Instrumental
methods
Representation of relief – Spot heights, Hachures, Hill shading, Layer
tints & colours – Representation of important landform features by
contours –Concave slope, convex slope, Undulating slope, Uniform
slope, Terraced slope, Conical hill, Plateau, Plain with knoll, Spur, cliff,
Waterfall, Delta, Estuary, V-shaped valley, U-shaped valley& Gorges.
Concept of slopes – Gradient – Significance of Horizontal & vertical
3
4
5
6
scales – Calculation of gradient from topographic sheets
Simple profiles.
Study & Interpretation of weather maps – Pressure gradient ,
Departure of temperature from maximum & minimum –
Study of weather instruments i) Rain gauge ii) Wind wane iii)
Anemometer iv) Mercury barometer v) Fortin’s barometer f)
Thermometer – Wet and dry bulb thermometer
GR 6B 02(P)
Practical II- Diagrams and Map Projections
No. of credits: 6
No. of contact hours: 5 hrs/week
Modul
e
Contents
I
Construction of climatic & statistical diagrams
1 Line graph & poly graph
2 Simple and compound bar diagram
3 Band graph & Ergo graph
4 Wheel & Sector diagram – Rectangular diagram
5 Spheres – Rings – Sten-de-geer & Stil Gen Baur
6 Pyramid diagrams
7 Wind Rose diagrams
8 Hythergraph
9 Taylors Climograph
II
Map Projections – Types – Graphical construction – Properties and
uses
a. Zenithal – Equi-distant & Equal area projection –
Gnomonic, Stereographic, Orthographic
b. Conical – Simple conical, Two standard parallel
Bonne’s, Polyconic & International projection
c. Cylindrical – Equi-distant, Equal-area & Mercator Projection
d. Conventional Projection-Sinusoidal & Mollweide’s Projection
GR 6B 03(P)
No. of credits
Practical III-Surveying & Topographical Maps
:6
No. of contact Hours: 5hrs/week
Module
Contents
1.
Introduction of Survey of India Toposheets – Grid references
in toposheets – Conventional signs
.
Study of Maps of different scales – Marginal information
Intepretation of toposheets – Physical and Cultural features –
two sets of 1: 50,000, 1:25000 & 1:250,000
with sketches & cross sections. Identification of landforms
3.
Surveying
a. Chain & Tape Survey – Preparation of plans
b. Prismatic Compass Survey – Open & Closed traverse
c. Plane Table – Radiation and Intersection methods
d. Indian clinometer – Calculation of height
Study Tour
days.
- any place within South India, duration of which is limited to 7
Complimentary I – CARTOGRAPHY
Course I
CG1C01 Historical Development of Cartography
Instruction hours : 2hrs/week
Credit :
Module
Content
I
Nature & Scope of Cartography – Historical Development of
Cartography till modern period. Ancient period – Early medieval periodLate medieval period- Early modern period –Late modern period&
Recent period- Primitive cartography- Greek cartography- Roman
cartography , Asian cartography & Indian Cartography
II
Artistic & Scientific bases of Cartography. Cartography as a science of
human of communication – Branches of Cartography
III
History of Maps – Types of maps – Classification of maps based on scale
& purpose. Uses of maps.
IV
Earth as a cartographic problem. Cartographic problems of
representing earth –Shape & dimensions of the earth
V.
Cartographic coverage of the World. Survey of India maps – India &
adjacent countries. Identification of sheets. Topographic mapping in
other countries
Complimentary I – CARTOGRAPHY
Course II
CG2C02
Map Making
Instruction hours: 2hrs/week
Module
I.
II
Role of co-ordinates- Grid system. True, Magnetic & Grid North. Map
Projections Uses – Types –Importance of map projections in
cartography
Map making processes – Procedure – Map Compilation – Pull ups –
Compiling Physical & cultural details – selection of details – Elements
of generalization – Controls of generalization.
III
Principles of lettering & Toponomy. Style, Form, Size& Positioning of
Lettering – Mechanics of Lettering - Mechanics of map
construction – Drawing materials & Equipments.
IV
Principles & techniques of Map design & layout. Theory of visual
perception. Making symbols visually significant. Constraints in map
design. Symbolization –Point, Line & Area symbols – Qualitative &
quantitative symbols – Format of a map. Inset maps
Complimentary I –
CARTOGRAPHY
Course III
CG3C03 Thematic Maps
Instruction hours: 2hrs/week
Module
I.
II.
Thematic maps - Simple & Complex Thematic Maps – Qualitative & Quantitative
Thematic maps. Problems in Thematic mapping – Atlas mapping. Mapping socioeconomic data .
Mapping the terrain –Methods of representation-spot heights, Layer shading,
contouring Field sketching- Block diagrams- Perspective block diagram Mapping the
climatic & socio-economic data
III
Mechanics of map construction- Drawing materials –Drawing
equipments Map Reproduction – Reproduction processes –
Duplicating & Printing - Various processes - Scribing –Problems in
Map reproduction. Xerox, Silk screen printing. Photographic
Processes.
IV
Special purpose maps – Maps for children, Neo literates, Tourists,
Blind, & maps for Business & Commercial organizations.
Complimentary I –
CARTOGRAPHY
Course IV
CG4C04 Modern Techniques in Cartography
Instruction hours : 2hrs/week
Module
I
Cartography & Remote sensing Remote Sensing – Definition – type
Principles – EMR – Interaction of EMR with soil, vegetation and
water – platforms – sensors – resolution - ideal remote sensing
system
II
Aerial remote sensing - types of photographs – characteristics –
elements of air photo interpretation – Applications
III
Satellite remote sensing – World programmes - LANDSAT, SPOT and
IRS – Satellites and their sensor characteristics – Data products –
Visual interpretation of imageries – Application of remote sensing
data in Cartography
IV
Computers in Cartography- Cartography & GIS, Cartographic
design In GIS, digital database in GIS. Linking of GIS & Remote
sensing.
CG4C01(P) Complimentary I- CARTOGRAPHY
Practical
No. of credits
:4
No. of contact Hours: 2hrs/week
Modul
e
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
Contents
Maps of different periods – Hecataeus – Eratosthenes, Ptolemy &
Mercator. A comparative study of the above maps
Maps – types; Scales – Methods of representation
Directions – Cardinal & Intermediate directions – Bearings – Whole
circle & Quadrantal bearings
Latitude & Longitude. Longitude and Time – Time Zones -Standard
time & International date line – Calculation of time
Signs and symbols used in Survey of India Topographic sheets –
Identification of point, line and area symbols used in topographic
sheets – Examples from topographic sheets
Air photos – Accessories used – Marginal information – Finding
scales of Air photos
Thematic mapping – Choropleth & Isopleth Maps – Preparation of
maps using socio-economic & climatic data