#1 - U. S. History to
1865
Name _______________________________
Use the packet to answer the following questions.
1. Name 4 countries which explored and colonized the New World.
Spain, France, Holland, and England
2. Name 2 technological improvements that led to New World exploration.
Astrolabe, compass, sextant, caravel
3. What was the 1st permanent English settlement in the New World?
Jamestown
4. How did Native Americans help the European colonies?
Taught colonists how to grow crops and hunt, make clothing and build shelters, built trails & trade
routes between the colonies.
5. Explain Mercantilism.
Colonies sold raw materials to England in return for manufactured goods and military protection.
6. Why did Puritans and Pilgrims come to the New World and where did they settle?
Religious freedom, New England
7. Other than farming, how did New Englanders make a living?
Fishing, lumber and crafts
8. What is the name for the Puritan democratic agreement which said they would vote on their own laws?
Mayflower Compact
9. How did the people of the Middle colonies make a living?
Farming, shipping, fishing, trading
10. What was the name for the person whose passage was paid to the New World and after a “period of
service”, they gained their freedom? Indentured servant
11. How did the people of the Southern Colonies make their living?
Farming: tobacco, rice, indigo and cotton
12. What was triangular trade?
Trade between 3 continents across the ocean: Caribbean sold molasses to America, America turned it
into rum and sold it to Africa, Africa sold slaves to Caribbean or Southern colonies
13. What was the Stamp Act?
Tax on newspapers or other printed material
14. Why did the colonist pour the tea in Boston Harbor?
Protest the tax on tea
15. What were the Intolerable Acts?
limited trade and self-government in colonies
16. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?
Thomas Jefferson
17. According to the Declaration of Independence, what rights should be guaranteed?
Unalienable rights: life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness
18. What happened at Lexington and Concord?
Battles which began the war
19. The Battle of Saratoga is considered the “turning point” of the Revolution. Who decided to aid the
colonists as a result of this American victory? France
20. Which battle forced the British to surrender in the American Revolution?
Yorktown
Articles of Confederation (1st constitution)
OR
Constitution (present constitution)
21. States are more powerful than central government – Articles of Confederation
22. Includes Congress, President and Courts – Constitution
23. Power to tax, enforce law, and control foreign and interstate trade – Constitution
24. One vote in Congress per state – Articles of Confederation
25. What law outlawed slavery in the northern territories (north of 36’ 30) of the Louisiana Purchase?
Missouri Compromise
26. What effect did the cotton gin have on slavery?
Increased the need for slavery because it made growing cotton more profitable.
27. Who did America fight in the War of 1812? And (not in packet) what were some causes of the war?
England
American desire for land in Canada, British violating our Freedom of the Seas and
Impressment of American sailors, British were arming Indians to raid frontier settlements in America.
28. What was Manifest Destiny?
Belief that America should extend from the Atlantic or Pacific
29. Who explored the Louisiana Purchase?
Lewis and Clark
30. What was the Oregon Trail?
Path from Missouri to Oregon used by farmers moving westward
31. Why did America fight the Mexican-American War?
America annexed Texas which angered Mexico, America wanted to take land from Mexico
32. What caused the huge population growth in California after 1848? Gold Rush
33. Who were the leaders and what were the names of America’s two original political parties?
Alexander Hamiliton – Federalists Thomas Jefferson – Democratic Republicans
34. How did Alexander Hamilton interpret the Constitution? Explain.
Broad interpretation in order to give the federal govt. power for things such as a national bank
35. What was decided in the Supreme Court case of Marbury v Madison? Explain.
Judicial Review – the court can determine whether or not a law is constitutional
36. Summarize the Monroe Doctrine.
Stated that the U. S. would stop any attempt of European nations to colonize in the New World.
Also promised that we would not interfere in existing colonies or European affairs.
37. What is the Spoils System?
Practice of giving government jobs to friends and allies, started by Andrew Jackson
38. Name one way America became more democratic during the age of Jacksonian Democracy.
Property requirements were dropped as voting qualifications. More men could vote and run for office.
With what reforms issues were the following associated?
39. Temperance – anti-alcohol
40. Horace Mann – free public education
41. Dorothea Dix – mental illness
42. Seneca Falls Convention – women’s rights convention
43. Frederick Douglass – abolition of slavery
44. William Lloyd Garrison – abolition of slavery
45. Harriett Tubman – abolition of slavery
46. What is popular sovereignty? People vote to decide whether or not to allow slavery in the state
47. Not in packet: Why was it important to the Southern states to maintain an equal number of slave/free
states? If there were more slave states, Congress could pass a law banning slavery in the entire country
48. Who was John Brown and how did he further divide the North and South?
Attempted to lead a slave revolt and was hanged – many northerners saw him as a hero. Many
southerners thought all northerners wanted to arm the slaves to attack their masters as John Brown did.
49. What was the final event that caused the South to secede from the Union?
Election of Abraham Lincoln
50. Not in packet: What was Reconstruction?
Process of bringing the South back into the Union after the Civil War
51. What was accomplished with the 13th Amendment? Not in packet: 14th and 15th amendments?
13th – freed the slaves
Free
th
14 – citizenship to former slaves
Citizens
th
15 – voting for former slaves
Vote
52. What happened in the South during Reconstruction?
It was divided into 5 military districts all under martial law.
53. Why was the purpose of poll taxes?
To prevent blacks from voting – whites didn’t have to pay it because of the grandfather clause
54. What were scalawags and carpetbaggers?
Scalawags were Southerners who supported the government’s Reconstruction plans. Most southerners
saw them as traders. The term was used to criticize.
Carpetbaggers were Northerners who went to the South during Reconstruction to take advantage of the
situation and to get rich quick.