EverythingYouEverWantedtoKnowAbout
CitingSourcesbutWereAfraidToAsk
Humanities:MeridianAcademy
LastUpdated:NSMSeptember2016
TableofContents
2
CreatingaWorksCitedPage:SomeGroundRules
3
SampleWorksCitedPage
4
MLAFormatsforWorksCitedPage
11
MLAFormatsforWorksCitedPage:PrimarySources
14
ParentheticalCitation:SomeGroundRules
CreatingaWorksCitedPage:SomeGroundRules
BasicFormatting
•
•
•
Labelthepage:WorksCited
o Centerthistitleatthetopofthepage.
o Noneedforitalics,underlining,boldness,oranyotherextraneousjazziness.Keepitsimple.
Alphabetizeallsourcesbyfirstword
o Usuallythiswillbetheauthor’slastname.Forworkswithnoknownauthor,alphabetizebythe
nextpartofthecitation(usuallythetitle).
Continuouslyindenteachlineofeachcitationlikeso:
Hassler,WarrenW."AmericanCivilWar."EncyclopediaBritannicaOnline.
EncyclopediaBritannicaInc.,n.d.Web.2January2013.
Karmon,LeighF.“RobertE.LeeandNewEngland.”JournalofCivilWarStudies.
BlackMountainCollege,2003.Print.4February2014.
CapitalizationandItalics
•
•
•
Capitalizeeachwordinthetitlesofarticles,books,etc.
o Donotcapitalizearticles(the,an),prepositions,orconjunctionsunlessitisthefirstwordofthe
titleorsubtitle.
o Examples:GonewiththeWind,TheArtofWar,ThereIsNothingLefttoLose.
Useitalics(insteadofunderlining)fortitlesoflargerworks(books,magazines)
Use“quotationmarks”fortitlesofshorterworks(poems,articles)
InformationYouDon’tKnow
•
•
Withallsources,spendsometimesearchingforalltheinformationyouneed;it’softenthereifyoulook
hardenough.
Ifyoucannotfindspecificinformation–thisespeciallyhappenswiththepublisherorpublicationdateof
onlinesources–replacethatinformationwith“n.p.”or“n.d.”withinyourcitationsoit’sclearthatyou
didn’tjustleaveitout.
2
Works Cited
"Blueprint Lays Out Clear Path for Climate Action." Environmental Defense Fund. Environmental Defense
Fund, 8 May 2007. Web. 24 May 2009.
Clinton, Bill. Interview by Andrew C. Revkin. “Clinton on Climate Change.” New York Times. New York
Times, May 2007. Web. 25 May 2009.
Dean, Cornelia. "Executive on a Mission: Saving the Planet." New York Times. New York Times, 22 May
2007. Web. 25 May 2009.
Ebert, Roger. "An Inconvenient Truth." Rev. of An Inconvenient Truth, dir. Davis
Guggenheim. rogerebert.com. Sun-Times News Group, 2 June 2006. Web. 24 May 2009.
GlobalWarming.org. Cooler Heads Coalition, 2007. Web. 24 May 2009.
Gowdy, John. "Avoiding Self-organized Extinction: Toward a Co-evolutionary Economics of
Sustainability." International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology 14.1 (2007): 2736. Print.
An Inconvenient Truth. Dir. Davis Guggenheim. Perf. Al Gore, Billy West. Paramount, 2006. DVD.
Leroux, Marcel. Global Warming: Myth Or Reality?: The Erring Ways of Climatology. New York: Springer,
2005. Print.
Milken, Michael, Gary Becker, Myron Scholes, and Daniel Kahneman. "On Global Warming and Financial
Imbalances." New Perspectives Quarterly 23.4 (2006): 63. Print.
Nordhaus, William D. "After Kyoto: Alternative Mechanisms to Control Global Warming." American
Economic Review 96.2 (2006): 31-34. Print.
Nordhaus, William D. "Global Warming Economics." Science 9 Nov. 2001: 1283-84. Science Online. Web.
24 May 2009.
Shulte, Bret. "Putting a Price on Pollution." Usnews.com. US News & World Rept., 6 May 2007. Web. 24 May
2009.
Uzawa, Hirofumi. Economic Theory and Global Warming. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2003. Print.
Note: This sample page is taken from Purdue University Online Writing Lab: http://bit.ly/1f2hBQ7
3
MLAFormatsforWorksCitedPage
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
Blog
Book
E-mail
Encyclopedia-Print
Encyclopedia-Web
Film-OnDiscorVHS
Film-Online
Interview-InPerson
Interview-RadioandTVinterviewfromawebsite
MagazineorNewspaperArticle-Print
MagazineorNewspaperArticle-Web
OnlineDatabaseArticle(JSTOR,LexisNexis,ScienceDirect,etc.)
Painting,Sculpture,orPhotograph-SeeninPerson
Painting,Sculpture,orPhotograph-SeenOnline
Podcast
PoemorShortStory-IntheAuthor’sOwnCollection
PoemorShortStory-InaCollectionFeaturingMultipleAuthors
PrimarySource:Article,photograph,cartoon,map,letter,diaryentry,governmentpublication,etc.
RadioEpisodeAccessedOnline
SongorOtherSoundRecording
Speeches,In-ClassLectures,orotherOralPresentations
Tweet
VideofoundOnline
Website
1.Blog
AnEntireBlog
Editor, author, or compiler name (if available). Name of Site. Version number. Name of
institution/organization affiliated with the site (sponsor or publisher), date of resource
creation (if available). Medium of publication. Date of access.
Examples
The Purdue OWL Family of Sites. The Writing Lab and OWL at Purdue and Purdue U, 2008. Web. 23
Apr. 2008.
Felluga, Dino. Guide to Literary and Critical Theory. Purdue U, 28 Nov. 2003. Web. 10 May 2006.
AnArticleonaBlog
Editor,screenname,author,orcompilername(ifavailable).“PostingTitle.”NameofSite.Versionnumber
(ifavailable).Nameofinstitution/organizationaffiliatedwiththesite(sponsororpublisher).
Mediumofpublication.Dateofaccess.
Examples
Henderson,Danielle."CongratulationsMaureenyouarethefourth..."FeministRyanGosling.Tumblr,
22November2012.Web.23March2014.
4
Salmar1515[SalHernandez].“Re:BestStrategy:FencedPasturesvs.MaxNumberofRooms?”
BoardGameGeek.BoardGameGeek,29Sept.2008.Web.5Apr.2009.
2.Book
BookwithOneAuthor
Lastname,Firstname.TitleofBook.CityofPublication:Publisher,YearofPublication.Mediumof
Publication.
Example
Gleick,James.Chaos:MakingaNewScience.NewYork:Penguin,1987.Print.
BookwithMoreThanOneAuthor
Thefirstgivenname(regardlessofalphabeticalorder)appearsinlastname,firstnameformat;subsequent
authornamesappearinfirstnamelastnameformat.
Example
Gillespie,Paula,andNealLerner.TheAllynandBaconGuidetoPeerTutoring.Boston:Allyn,2000.
Print.
3.E-mail(includingE-mailInterviews)
Lastname,Firstnameofemailauthor."Subjectline."MessagetoLastname,Firstnameofemailrecipient.
DayMonthYearmessagewassent.E-mail.
Examples
Kunka,Andrew."Re:ModernistLiterature."Messagetotheauthor.15Nov.2000.E-mail.
Neyhart,David."Re:OnlineTutoring."MessagetoJoeBarbato.1Dec.2000.E-mail.
4.Encyclopedia–Print
Last,FirstM.,andFirstM.Last."ArticleTitle"EncyclopediaName.City:Publisher,YearPublished.Page(s).
Print.
Example
Posner,Rebecca."RomanceLanguages."TheEncyclopediaBritannica:Macropedia.15thed.1987.
Print.
5.Encyclopedia–Web
Lastname,Firstname,andFirstnameLastname."ArticleTitle."EncyclopediaName.Publisher,Year
Published.Web.DateMonthYearAccessed.
**Remembertousen.p.ifnopublishernameisavailableandn.d.ifnopublishingdateisgiven.**
5
Example
Hassler,WarrenW."AmericanCivilWar."EncyclopediaBritannicaOnline.EncyclopediaBritannica
Inc.,n.d.Web.2Jan.2013.
6.Film–OnDiscorVHS
Titleoffilm.Dir.Nameofdirector.Perf.Namesofmainactors.Distributor,releaseyear.Mediumof
publication(DVD,VHS,Laserdisc,etc.)
Example
EdWood.Dir.TimBurton.Perf.JohnnyDepp,MartinLandau,SarahJessicaParker,PatriciaArquette.
Touchstone,1994.DVD.
7.Film–Online
Titleoffilm.Dir.Nameofdirector.Perf.Namesofmainactors.Distributor,releaseyear.Nameofwebsite.
Web.DayMonthYearofaccess.
Example
ReservoirDogs.Dir.QuentinTarantino.MiramaxFilms,1992.Netflix.Web.15November2012.
8.Interview–InPerson
Lastname,Firstnameofinterviewee.Personalinterview.DayMonthYearofinterview.
Example
Purdue,Pete.Personalinterview.1Dec.2000.
9.Interview-RadioandTVinterviewfromawebsite
"Titleofepisodeorsegment(ifapplicable)."Titleofprogramorseries.Nameofnetworkorstation.
DayMonthYearoforiginalbroadcast.Web.DayMonthYearyouaccessedthematerial..
Example
"FederalProsecutorsEyeMySpaceBullyingCase."AllThingsConsidered.NPR.14
Jan.2008.Web.15Jan.2008.
10.MagazineorNewspaperArticle–Print
Lastname,Firstname."TitleofArticle."TitleofPeriodicalDayMonthYear:pages.Print.
Example
Poniewozik,James."TVMakesaToo-CloseCall."Time20Nov.2000:70-71.Print.
11.MagazineorNewspaperArticle–Web
Lastname,Firstname."ArticleTitle."NewspaperorMagazineTitleDateMonthYear
Published:Page(s).WebsiteTitle.Web.DateMonthYearAccessed.
6
**Remembertousen.p.ifnopublishernameisavailableandn.d.ifnopublishingdateisgiven.**
Example
Mushnick,Phil."SterlingContinuestoCallitWrong."NewYorkPost:n.p.,23Apr.
2012.Web.2Jan.2013.
12.OnlineDatabaseArticle(JSTOR,LexisNexis,ScienceDirect,etc.)
Lastname,Firstnameofauthor."TitleofArticle."TitleofPeriodicalDayMonthYear:pages.Mediumof
publication.DayMonthYearofaccess.
Examples
Junge,Wolfgang,andNathanNelson.“Nature'sRotaryElectromotors.”Science29Apr.2005:642-44.
ScienceOnline.Web.5Mar.2009.
Langhamer,Claire.“LoveandCourtshipinMid-Twentieth-CenturyEngland.”HistoricalJournal50.1(2007):
173-96.ProQuest.Web.27May2009.
13.Painting,Sculpture,orPhotograph–SeeninPerson
Lastname,Firstnameofartist.Titleofartwork.DayMonthYearofcomposition(ifknown).Mediumofthe
piece.Nameoftheinstitutionthathousestheartwork,Locationofthisinstitution.
Example
Goya,Francisco.TheFamilyofCharlesIV.1800.Oiloncanvas.MuseodelPrado,Madrid.
14.Painting,Sculpture,orPhotograph–SeenOnline
Lastname,Firstnameofartist."TitleoftheWork."Mediumofthework.TitleofWebsite.Publisher,Day
MonthYearofpublication.Mediumofpublication.DayMonthYearyouaccessedthematerial.
Example
Smith,Patrick."GreatHornedOwlFamily."Photograph.Webshots.AmericanGreetings,22May2006.Web.
5Nov.2009.
15.Podcast
OrganizationORLastname,FirstnameofauthorORUsername."TitleofthePodcast."TitleoftheOverall
WebSite.Publisher:DayMonthYearofpublication.Web.DayMonthYearofaccess.
Example
FocusontheFamily."105:TheBoundlessPodcast."Boundless.org.FocusontheFamily:20Jan.2010.Web.
21Jan.2010.
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16.PoemorShortStory–IntheAuthor'sOwnCollection
Lastname,Firstname."TitleofEssay."TitleofCollection.CityofPublication:Publisher,Year.
Pagerangeofentry.MediumofPublication.
Examples
Whitman,Walt."ISingtheBodyElectric."SelectedPoems.NewYork:Dover,1991.12-19.Print.
Carter,Angela."TheTiger'sBride."BurningYourBoats:TheCollectedStories.NewYork:Penguin,1995.
154-69.Print.
17.PoemorShortStory–InaCollectionFeaturingMultipleAuthors
Lastname,Firstname."TitleofEssay."TitleofCollection.Ed.Editor'sName(s).CityofPublication:
Publisher,Year.Pagerangeofentry.MediumofPublication.
Examples
Burns,Robert."Red,RedRose."100Best-LovedPoems.Ed.PhilipSmith.NewYork:Dover,1995.26.Print.
Kincaid,Jamaica."Girl."TheVintageBookofContemporaryAmericanShortStories.Ed.TobiasWolff.New
York:Vintage,1994.306-07.Print.
18.PrimarySource–Article,photograph,cartoon,map,letter,diaryentry,governmentpublication,etc.
Seenextsection:MLAFormatsforWorksCitedPage:PrimarySourcesonpage11
19.RadioEpisodeAccessedOnline
"TitleofEpisode."SeriesName.Networkname.Calllettersofstation,City,Broadcastdate.Site
orProgramTitle.Publisher/Sponsor,Dateelectronicallypublished.PublicationMedium.
Dateaccessed.
Example
"FridayNewsRoundup-Hour1."TheDianeRehmShow.NPR.WAMU88.5,WashingtonD.C.,12Apr.2011.
TheDianeRehmShow.NPR,12Apr.2011.Web.15Apr.2011.
20.SongorOtherSoundRecording
IndividualSong
NameofGrouporLastname,Firstnameofcomposer.“TitleofSong.”Albumname.Recordingmanufacturer,
publicationdate.Medium(e.g.CD,LP,MP3,Web).
Example
Nirvana."SmellsLikeTeenSpirit."Nevermind.Geffen,1991.Audiocassette.
EntireAlbum
8
NameofGrouporLastname,Firstnameofcomposer.Albumname.Recordingmanufacturer,
publicationdate.Medium(e.g.CD,LP,MP3,Web).
Examples
FooFighters.InYourHonor.RCA,2005.CD.
Beethoven,Ludwigvan.The9Symphonies.Perf.NBCSymphonyOrchestra.Cond.ArturoToscanini.RCA,
2003.CD.
21.Speeches,In-ClassLectures,orotherOralPresentations
Lastname,Firstnameofspeaker.“Titleofspeech(ifany.)”Nameofmeetingororganization.Locationof
occasion.DayMonthYearofpresentation.Descriptorofpresentation(e.g.,In-Classlecture,Reading,
KeynoteSpeech,ConferencePresentation).
Examples
Sokol-Margolis,Nathan.“EatingCarrotsLikeaBoss.”MeridianAcademy.22March2014.Tangentduring
in-classdiscussion.
Stein,Bob."ComputersandWritingConferencePresentation."PurdueUniversity.UnionClubHotel,West
Lafayette,IN.23May2003.KeynoteAddress.
22.Tweet
Lastname,Firstnameofuser(Twitterhandleofuser).“Fulltextoftweet.”DayMonthYear,Timeoftweet.
Tweet.
Examples
Brokaw,Tom(tombrokaw)."SCdemonstratedwhyallthedebatesaretheenginesofthiscampaign."22Jan.
2012,3:06a.m.Tweet.
PurdueWritingLab(PurdueWLab)."Springbreakisaroundthecorner,andallourlocationswillbeopen
nextweek."5Mar.2012,12:58p.m.Tweet.
23.VideofoundOnline
Author’sNameorPoster’sUsername.“TitleofImageorVideo.”Onlinevideoclip.
NameofWebsite.NameofWebsite’sPublisher,dateofposting.Medium.dateretrieved.
Example
Shimabukuro,Jake."UkuleleWeepsbyJakeShimabukuro."Onlinevideoclip.
YouTube.YouTube,22Apr.2006.Web.9Sept.2010.
24.Website
9
AnEntireWebsite
Editor, author, or compiler name (if available). Name of Site. Version number. Name of
institution/organization affiliated with the site (sponsor or publisher), date of resource
creation (if available). Medium of publication. Date of access.
Examples
The Purdue OWL Family of Sites. The Writing Lab and OWL at Purdue and Purdue U, 2008. Web. 23
Apr. 2008.
Felluga, Dino. Guide to Literary and Critical Theory. Purdue U, 28 Nov. 2003. Web. 10 May 2006.
AnArticleonaWebsite
Lastname,Firstname.“TitleofArticle.”TitleofWebsite.Publisher,DayMonthYearof
publication.Mediumofpublication.DayMonthYearyouaccessedthematerial.
**Remembertousen.p.ifnopublishernameisavailableandn.d.ifnopublishingdateisgiven.**
Example
"HowtoMakeVegetarianChili."eHow.DemandMedia,n.d.Web.24Feb.2009.
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MLAFormatsforWorksCitedPage:PrimarySources
InformationfromtheLibraryofCongress:http://www.loc.gov/teachers/usingprimarysources/mla.html
1. EntireWebSite
2. Cartoons,Illustrations,andPosters
3. Films
4. GovernmentPublications
5. Manuscripts(letters,diaries,recollections,andotherwrittenmaterial)
6. Maps
7. Newspaper
8. Photographs
9. SoundRecordings
10. SpecialPresentations
1.EntireWebSite
TheWebsiteoftheLibraryofCongressconnectsuserstocontentareascreatedbytheLibrary’smanyexperts.In
somecases,contentcanbepostedwithoutaclearindicationofauthor,title,publisherorcopyrightdate.Lookfor
availablecluesandgiveasmuchinformationaspossible.
Format
Lastname,Firstname.“SectionofWebsite.”TitleoftheWebsite.Version/Edition.Nameofpublisheror
sponsor.Dateofpublication.Web.DayMonthYearofaccess.
Example
Lib.ofCong.U.S.Govt.Web.10February2012.
2.CartoonsandIllustrations
Format
LastName,FirstName.“Title.”Cartoon.Newspapertitle[Location]DayMonthYearofpublication:page
number.TitleoftheWebsite.Web.DayMonthYearofaccess.<opt.URL>.
Example
Franklin,Benjamin."JoinorDie."Cartoon.ThePennsylvaniaGazette9May1754.Lib.ofCong.Web.10
Feb.2012.
3.Films
Format
FilmTitle.Dir.FirstnameLastName.Distributor,yearofrelease.TitleoftheWebsite.Web.DayMonth
Yearofaccess.
Example
BargainDay,14thStreet,NewYork.Photog.FrederickS.Armitage.AmericanMutoscopeandBiograph
Company,1905.Lib.ofCong.Web.10Aug.2012.
4.GovernmentPublications
Format
Government.Agencyname.“TitleofDocument.”TitleofPublication.DayMonthYearofpublication:page
numbers.Placeofpublication:Publisher,Yearpublished.TitleoftheWebsite.Web.DayMonthYear
ofaccess.
11
Example
UnitedStates,Congress,HouseofRepresentatives.“Proceedings.2ndCongress,2ndsess.”Annalsof
Congress.747-48.Washington:GalesandSeaton,1849.Lib.ofCong.Web.10Feb.2012.
5.Manuscripts
Format
Lastname,Firstname.“Title.”Date.Formofthematerial.Institution,city.TitleoftheWebsite.DayMonth
Yearofaccess.
Examples
Keller,Helen.“LettertoJohnHitz29Aug.1893.”1893.TS.Lib.ofCong.,Washington,D.C.Lib.of
Cong.Web.10Feb.2012.
6.MapsandCharts
Format
Title.Map.Location:publisher,date.TitleoftheWebsite.Web.DayMonthYearofaccess.
Example
MapoftheWestCoastofAfricafromSierraLeonetoCapePalmas,includingtheColonyofLiberia.Map.
Philadelphia:Finley,1830.Lib.ofCong.Web.10Feb.2012.
7.Newspapers
Format
Lastname,Firstname.“TitleofArticle.”TitleofNewspaper[city]DayMonthYearpublished.Titleofthe
Website.Web.DayMonthYearofaccess.
Example
“ServicesPlantoAidReturnedMeninSecuringJobs.”TheStarsandStripes13Dec.1918.Lib.ofCong.Web.
10Feb.2012.
8.Photographs
Format
Lastname,Firstname.Title.Dateofcomposition.Photograph.Institution,City.TitleoftheWebsite.Web.
DayMonthYearofaccess.
Example
O'Sullivan,TimothyH.IncidentsoftheWar.AHarvestofDeath.c1865.Photograph.Lib.ofCong.,
WashingtonD.C.Lib.ofCong.Web.10Feb.2012.
9.SoundRecordings
Format
Lastname,Firstname.Songtitle.Perf.FirstnameLastname.Rec.DayMonthYear.Manufacturer,Year.
Originalformat.TitleoftheWebsite.Web.DayMonthYearofaccess.
12
Example
Scott,Mrs.Ben,andMyrtleB.Wilkinson.HastetotheWedding.Rec.31October1939bySydneyRobertson
Cowell.78rpm.Lib.ofCong.Web.10Feb.2012.
10.SpecialPresentationsorFeatures
Format
Lastname,Firstname.Title.TitleoftheWebsite.Versionoredition.PublisherorN.p.DayMonthYearof
publicationorn.d.Web.DayMonthYearofaccess.
Example
BriefHistoryoftheNationalParks.Lib.ofCong.N.p.,n.d.Web.10Feb.2012.
13
ParentheticalCitation:SomeGroundRules
In-textcitationsshowyourreaderwhereyougotyourinformation.
ParentheticalcitationsreferencetheFIRSTinformationyourreaderwouldseewhentheyscandowntheleftside
ofyourWorksCitedpage.Usuallythisistheauthor’slastname,butifthere’snoauthor,itwillprobablybethe
source’stitle.
• Soifyourcitationis(Wallace,84),yourreadershouldbeabletogotoyourWorksCitedpageandandfind:
o Wallace,Ira.SouthernExposureSeedExchange.NewYork:RandomHouse,2009.Print.
• Ifyourcitationis(“SurprisingNewFace”),yourreadershouldbeabletogotoyourWorksCitedpageand
find:
o “SurprisingNewFaceinArabMusic.”NewYorkTimes.21May2007.Print.
In-textcitationsarecomposedlikeso:
([AuthorLastNameORTitleofPiece][PageNumber])
Inpractice,thislookslike:
(Wallace62)
NoPageNumber,NoProblem
Ifyoudon’thaveapagenumber,don’tworry!DONOTincludeextrainformationfromyoursource.Simplyinclude
thenameoftheauthor,likeso:
(Wallace)
NoAuthor,NoProblem
Ifyoursourcedoesn’thaveanauthor,don’tworry!Simplyincludethetitleofthesource(orwhateverinformation
thereaderwouldseefirstwhenscanningdowntheleftsideofyourWorksCitedpage).Thatcouldlooklikethis:
(SouthernExposureSeedExchange62)
NoAuthororPageNumber,NoProblem
Combiningthetworulesabove,ifyoudon’thaveanauthorORapagenumber,simplyusethetitleofthesource(or
whateverinformationthereaderwouldseefirstwhenscanningdowntheleftsideofyourWorksCitedpage).That
couldlooklikethis:
(SouthernExposureSeedExchange)
ShorteningLongTitles
Ifyoursourcedoesn’thaveanauthorandyou(correctly!)decidetousethetitleoftheworkinstead,youdon’t
needtoincludethewholethinginyourcitation.
• Shortenlongtitlestothefirst3-5words;useyourjudgmentintermsofstyle
• Thetitle“SurprisingNewFaceinArabMusic”canbeshortenedto“SurprisingNewFace”
• Thetitle"Avoiding Self-organized Extinction: Toward a Co-evolutionary Economics of Sustainability" can be
shortened to “Avoiding Self-organized Extinction” WhenInDoubt,CiteIt
• Anyinformationthatisnotcommonknowledgemustbecitedinyourpaper.Whenindoubt,citeit.
• Youmayfindyourselfmakingassertionsthatyouknowtobetrue,andaren’tcommonknowledge,butyou
don’tyethaveasourceforthemfromyourresearch.Fromhere,youhavethreeoptions:
o Changeyourassertiontosomethingthatyoucanbackupwithresearch
o Findasourcetobackupyourassertion
o Askateacherforhelp--we’regladtobrainstormwithyou
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ThePowerofParentheses
• Using(parentheses)showsyourreaderthatyou’recitingsomething.It’sacommonlanguageamongst
researchers,writers,andreaders.
• Don’treplace(parentheses)with[brackets].Ifyoudothat,peoplewillbelike,“Whyisthispersonadding
randomwordsandnumberstotheirpaper?Italmostlookslikeaparentheticalcitation,butthosegoin
parentheses,soitcan’tbe.I’mtotallylost.”
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