Section 2
Vehicle Testing&
Homologation
(Automotive Type Approval)
Automotive Testing
At first, you need to think
 What is your product ? (vehicle ? Lamp ? Audio ?)
 Where is the target market ? (Europe ? USA ? - - -)
 How is your schedule ?
(planning → design → production → evaluation →
homologation)
and
d then,
th
you need.
d ..
Automotive Testing
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Legal requirement ?
Each area has legal requirement
 Europe
p : EC Directives
ECE Regulations
CE Marking
National Regulations
 USA : FMVSS, CMVSS
 Australia : ADR
China: CCC
Japan:
J p
TRIAS
Etc.
Automotive Testing
World Automotive standards
SASO
GCC
SNI
Automotive Testing
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European’s Requirements
EU
European Union
European
p
Community
UN
Brussels
Geneva
United Nations
Economic
Commission for
Europe
Automotive Testing
Market which EC directives / ECE regulations covers
EC Directive:
27 EU countries
ECE regulation:
48 countries (max.)
Automotive Testing
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Automotive Testing
Complete development projects
Testing is led by vehicle functionalities and performance
Main Vehicle Functionalities
Passive
Safety
Active Safety
Environment
Comfort
Reliability
Automotive Testing
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Passive Safety
Structural analysis / Restraint system integration / Occupant protection / Pedestrian protection
Automotive Testing
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Active Safety
Advanced chassis evaluation techniques / Chassis tuning & system
development / Brake system development
Automotive Testing
8/18
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Power train
Integration / Engine calibration / CNG conversion / Alternative fuels /
Anti-pollution systems
Automotive Testing
9/18
NVH
Interior noise tuning / Noise and vibration releases /
Exterior noise / Vibration fatigue
Automotive Testing
10/18
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Comfort
HVAC system development and validation / Thermal comfort
Automotive Testing
11/18
Reliability
Structural, Powertrain and general vehicle durability, road
characterization and fleet validation
Automotive Testing
12/18
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EC Directives for Passenger Car
Sound level 70/157/EEC
Masses/dimens.92/21/EEC
Safety glass 92/22/EEC
Tyres 92/23/EEC
Emissions 70/220/EEC
Couplings 94/20/EEC
Front impact 96/79/EC
Side impact 96/27/EC
Fuel tanks 70/221/EEC
Fog lamps 76/762/EEC
Towing hooks 77/389/EEC
Fog lamps 77/538/EEC
EC Whole Vehicle Type Approval 2007/46/EEC
Registration plate 70/222/EEC
M k
Mack-up
l
lamps
77/539/EEC
Lamps parking 77/540/EEC
Steering effort 70/311/EEC
Seat belts 77/541/EEC
Door latch./hinges
70/387/EEC
Forward vision 77/649/EEC
Audible warning70/388/EEC
Instrument identif.
78/316/EEC
Rear visibility 71/127/EEC
Defrost/demist 78/317/EEC
Braking devices 71/320/EEC
Wiper/washer 78/318/EEC
Suppression radio
72/245/EEC
Heating system 78/548/EEC
Diesel smoke 72/306/EEC
Wheel guards 78/549/EEC
Interior fittings 74/60/EEC
Head restraints 78/932/EEC
Anti-theft devices74/61/EEC
Speedometer 75/443/EEC
Protective steering
74/297/EEC
Statutory plates
76/114/EEC
Seat anchorages 74/408/EEC
Seat-belt anch.
76/115/EEC
Lighting install. 76/756/EEC
Retro-reflectors
76/757/EEC
Lamp(side,rear)76/758EEC
Direction indic. 76/759/EEC
Reg.plate(light)
76/760/EEC
Headlamps 76/761/EEC
Fuel
consumption80/1268/EEC
Engine power 80/1269/EEC
Emissions diesel 88/77/EEC
Exterior projection
Automotive
Testing
74/483/EEC
European Directives applicable to M2 / M3 vehicles
Automotive Testing
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European Directives applicable to N1 / N2 vehicles
Automotive Testing
European Directives applicable to N2 / N3 vehicles
Automotive Testing
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EC/ECE component approval（e/E - mark）
Certain functions of the vehicle
subject to official Type Approval
require the previous homologation of
the component:
Lighting
Coupling devices
Rear View Mirrors
Horn
Seats and Seats Belts
Non metallic materials
Rear and front bumpers
Electronic components
Safety Glasses
Tyres
Brake pad
EC/ECE component approval（e/E - mark）
Seat belts
Rear-view Mirrors
Tires
Brake Pads
Lamps and Bulbs
Automotive Testing
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EC/ECE Separate Technical Unit （e/E - mark）
Seat
safety belt
Horns
Car Audio & Navigation
Automotive Testing
The samples of vehicle testing
Automotive Testing
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Transmission
Emission Test
for Heavy duty
Automotive Testing
Passed by
Noise
Crash test
Automotive Testing
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Tire testing
Wet Grip
Automotive Testing
Tires
Passenger Car tire
(ECE R30)
Commercial Car
tire (ECE R54)
Wheeled
Agricultural or
Forestry Tractors
tire (ECE R106)
Automotive Testing
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ATV’ss tire
ATV
(ECE R75 or R30)
Depend on the
speed of ATV
Retread
R
t d titire
ECE-R108
ECE-R109
Automotive Testing
Tires testing
 Dimensions
 Section width
S = S1 + K(A-A1)
K = 0.4
 tire outer diameter
D= d+2H
 H = (D-d)/2
Automotive Testing
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Tires testing
Camber angle -5° to 5°
(dynamically adjustable)
Load /speed test
Endurance test
Automotive Testing
Lamp testing
L
Low
b
beam h
headlamps
dl
Need a light-dark cutoff in light pattern.
“Dark above/ bright below”
Automotive Testing
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Lamp testing
Measuring points on
the road
Measuring field for
headlamps
Automotive Testing
Lamp testing
Light intensity test field for
signaling devices
Automotive Testing
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Lamp testing
light intensity test field,
category 5 and 6
Automotive Testing
Emission
The pollutants are concerned and measure
-Carbon monoxide (CO)
- Hydrocarbons (HCs)
- Nitrogen
g oxides ((NOx))
- Particulates matter (PM)
Chassis
Ch
i
Dynamometer
Emission test
Automotive Testing
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Emission
Gasoline (Positive ignition ):
Type I
: verifying the average exhaust emissions after a cold start
Type II
: carbon monoxide emission at idling speed
Type III
: emission of crankcase gases
Type IV
: evaporation emissions
Type V
: durability of anti-pollution devices
Type VI
: verifying the average low ambient temperature carbon
monoxide and hydrocarbon exhaust emissions after a
cold start
Diesel (Compression ignition engine ):
Type I
: verifying the average exhaust emissions after a cold start
Type IV
: evaporation emissions
Automotive Testing
Test Cycle for type I
Automotive Testing
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Limit of Type I:
Automotive Testing
Emission Test
Automotive Testing
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Safety Belt
Buckle
(หัวเข็มขัด)
reactor
(อุปกรณดงกลบ)
(อปกรณ์
ดึงกลับ)
Strap
(สายคาด)
ที่มา: www.cartype.com
Automotive Testing
Strap:
-Tensile strength before test ≧ 1470 daN
- Tensile strength after test ≧ 1470 daN
- Tensile after scratch test ≧ 70% before scratch
Crash test for safety belt:
-Speed
50±1 km/h
- Distance:
40±5 cm
-Measure:
- Chest acceleration for 300 mm after crashed.
- Not damages and crack
- Buckle release force 60 daN
n
Automotive Testing
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Motorcycle Testing
Automotive Testing
EC Directives for motorcycle
Framework directive 2002/24/EEC
93/29/EEC Controls
97/24/EC 4. Rear-View Mirrors
93/92/EEC Installation Lighting
93/32/EEC Hand-holds
97/24/EC 6. Fuel Tanks
97/24/EC 2. Lighting
93/33/EEC Protective Device
93/94/EEC Registration Plate
93/30/EEC Audible Warning
97/24/EC 5. Pollution
93/14/EEC Braking
97/24/EC 9. Sound Level
97/24/EC 1. Tyres
97/24/EC 7. Counter Tampering
97/24/EC 3. Ext. Projections
93/31/EEC Stands
93/34/EEC Statutory Markings
95/1/EC Max. Speed, Torque, Power
97/24/EC 8. Electromagnetic Compatibility
97/24/EC 10.-12. Couplings, Safety Belts, Windscreen
93/93/EEC Masses and Dimensions
Automotive Testing
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Low Performance Mopeds Homologation
2002/24/EC
93/14/EEC
93/29/EEC
93/30/EEC
93/31/EEC
93/32/EEC
93/33/EEC
93/34/EEC
93/92/EEC
amended by 2003/77/EC
amended by 2000/74/EC
amended by
amended by
amended by
amended by
amended byy
2000/72/EC
1999/24/EC
1999/23/EC
1999/25/EC
2000/73/EC
type approval
brake
tell tales
horn
stand
hand hold
anti theft
statutory mark
light
g installation
Automotive Testing
Low Performance Mopeds Homologation
93/93/EEC amended by
93/94/EEC amended by
95/1/EC amended
d db
by
2004/86/EC
1999/26/EC
2002/41/EC
97/24/EC amended by
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
2003/77/EC
mass & dimension
rear registration plate
max. engine
i power,
torque and max. speed
tire
bulb and lamp
external projection
mirror
emission
tank
Automotive Testing
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Low Performance Mopeds Homologation
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
anti-tampering
EMC / EMI
noise
coupling device
safety belts
windscreen
2000/7/EC
speedometer
Automotive Testing
Q&A
Automotive Testing
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Thank you very
much for your
attention
attention.
Automotive Testing
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