Different starting method's
Starting of squirrel cage motors
using different standard
starting methods
ABB ATLV
SECRL/XM - 1 2001-10-24
Different starting method's
Common problems when
starting and stopping motors
Slipping belts
Heavy wear and tear on couplings,
gear boxes and bearings
High starting current
Pressure surges and water hammering in pipe systems
Damaged material and products
ABB ATLV
SECRL/XM - 2 2001-10-24
Different starting method's
- Direct On Line- start (DOL)
High starting current
High starting torque
Contactor
(mechanical wear)
Shortest possible starting time
Always direct stop
Cheap solution
ABB ATLV
SECRL/XM - 3 2001-10-24
Thermal
overload relay
Different starting method's
- Direct On Line- start (DOL)
High starting torque
T
T
T
rpm
rpm
High starting current
I
rpm
ABB ATLV
SECRL/XM - 4 2001-10-24
rpm
Different starting method's
- Direct On Line- start (DOL)
2*7*In (14*In)
When starting DOL you
will have a very big inrush
current peak
When using MCCB’s it will force
up the setting to avoid tripping
during start
I
7*In
In
(Can effect the size of the cables = higher cost)
rpm
ABB ATLV
SECRL/XM - 5 2001-10-24
Different starting method's
- Y/D-start
Low starting current (only at successful start)
Transmission peaks
Contactors
at loaded start
Low starting torque
(often too low)
Long starting time
Always direct stop
ABB ATLV
SECRL/XM - 6 2001-10-24
Thermal
overload
relay
Different starting method's
- Y/D-start
400 V
Possible when delta connected as standard
400 V
40
0V
A delta-connected motor
can be star-connected
for the same main voltage
during start
Special motor in US
(Six wire motor)
Standard in Eu
ABB ATLV
SECRL/XM - 7 2001-10-24
0V
3
2
T
I
25% (33%)
30% (33%)
rpm
rpm
n
Different starting method's
- Y/D-start
How it is wired
L2
L1
400V
K2
K1
230V
K1
K2
K2
K1
K3
K1
K2
M
K3
ABB ATLV
SECRL/XM - 8 2001-10-24
L3
Different starting method's
- Y/D-start
T
Too low starting
torque and
transmission peaks
rpm
I
T
T
rpm
ABB ATLV
SECRL/XM - 9 2001-10-24
rpm
High
current
peaks
at start
rpm
Different starting method's
- Auto- Transformer-start
Three different current levels
Transmission peaks at loaded start
Three starting torque levels
Thermal
Always direct stop
overload
relay
High price
Big
Direct stop
Contactors
Transformer
ABB ATLV
SECRL/XM - 10 2001-10-24
Different starting method's
- Auto- Transformer-start
I
T
XFMR tap
80%
65%
50%
XFMR tap
80%
65%
50%
rpm
rpm
T
T
XFMR tap
XFMR tap
80%
65%
50%
Too low
starting torque /
transmission peaks
80%
65%
50%
rpm
ABB ATLV
High current peaks
SECRL/XM - 11 2001-10-24
rpm
Different starting method's
- Partwinding-start
Medium high starting current
Transmission peaks at loaded start
Low starting torque (often too low)
Medium long starting time
Always direct stop
Contactors
Thermal
Overload
relay
ABB ATLV
SECRL/XM - 12 2001-10-24
Different starting method's
- Partwinding-start
I
T
Current peaks
rpm
rpm
Too low
starting torque /
transmission peaks
T
T
rpm
ABB ATLV
SECRL/XM - 13 2001-10-24
rpm
Different starting method's
- Slipring motor starter
M
Low starting current
Transmission peaks at loaded start
High starting torque (adjustable)
T
Medium long starting time
Always direct stop
Very low
starting
torque at
zero speed
with shorted
rotor
ABB ATLV
SECRL/XM - 14 2001-10-24
Changing the
rotor resistance
rpm
Different starting method's
- Frequency drive
Rated torque from zero speed
Starting current ~1,5 *In
Possible to set starting time
Softstop possible
Expencive when no need for speed regulation
Not as compact as a softstarter
Drives
M
ABB ATLV
SECRL/XM - 15 2001-10-24
Different starting method's
- Frequency drive
T
Starting current is = 1,5 x In
Rated torque available
from low speed
rpm
Torque curve variation with frequency = speed
ABB ATLV
SECRL/XM - 16 2001-10-24
Different starting method's
- Softstarter
Adjustable starting current
Correct starting torque
Possibility to soft stop
Medium long starting time
Minimum mechanical wear
Example
Contactor
Thermal
Overload
relay
Softstarter
ABB ATLV
SECRL/XM - 17 2001-10-24
Different starting method's
- Softstarter
Principal function
Anti-parallel connected thyristors
Voltage reduction
ABB ATLV
SECRL/XM - 18 2001-10-24
Different starting method's
- Softstarter
T ≈Ue2
T
I
I ≈Ue
Ue 50 % = I 50 %
rpm
Ue 50 % => T(0,52) 25 %
ABB ATLV
SECRL/XM - 19 2001-10-24
rpm
Different starting method's
- Softstarter
Optimal current and torque
T
T
T
rpm
I
Low load
I
rpm
ABB ATLV
rpm
SECRL/XM - 20 2001-10-24
High load
rpm
I
rpm
Medium load
rpm
Different starting method's
- Softstarter
Different existing solutions
1-Phase Regulation
2-Phase Regulation
3-Phase Regulation
ABB ATLV
Thyristors
SECRL/XM - 21 2001-10-24
Different starting method's
- Softstarter
1-Phase Regulation
+
–
•Lowest Cost
2-Phase Regulation
3-Phase Regulation
• Good price / Performance
ratio
• Softstop possible
• Reduced inrush current
• Soft start / Soft stop
• No Soft Stopping
•
• Heating of motor during
start limits starting time
•
• High distortion of torque
• High asymmetrical voltage
and current during start
• Very limited reduction of
inrush current
ABB ATLV
SECRL/XM - 22 2001-10-24
Asymmetrical voltage
and current during Start
Some heating of motor
during start
•
•
•
•
Symmetrical voltage
Reduced inrush current
Possible to use inside delta
Better possibility to sens
and regulate
• Increased dimensions
• Highest cost when used in
line
Different starting method's
- Softstarter
3-Phase Regulation
2-Phase Regulation
PS S03,
PS S12
PS S25
PS S18/30...
PS S44/76
PS S50/85...
PS S72/124
PS S85/147...
PS S142/245
3-Phase Regulation
PS D75
PS DH30… 60
ABB ATLV
PS D110...145
PS DH75...110
SECRL/XM - 23 2001-10-24
PS D175...300
PS DH145...250
PS D370...840
PS DH300...720
PS S175/300...
PS S300/515