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HUGH LECAINE AGNEW
George Washington University
Austria, Relations with
OLEG R. AIRAPETOV
Moscow State University
Alexeyev, Mikhail Vasilievich
Obruchev, Nikolai Nikolayevich
San Stefano, Treaty of
JOHN T. ALEXANDER
University of Kansas
Bestuzhev-Ryumin, Alexei Petrovich
Biron, Ernst Johann
Catherine II
Elizabeth
Manifesto of 1763
Orlov, Grigory Grigorievich
Potemkin, Grigory Alexandrovich
Pugachev, Emelian Ivanovich
L I ST O F
CO N TR I BU TO R S
MICHAEL ALEXEEV
Indiana University
Second Economy
GOLFO ALEXOPOULOS
University of South Florida
Disenfranchized Persons
Passport System
BARBARA ALLEN
The College of New Jersey
Shlyapnikov, Alexander Gavrilovich
Workers’ Opposition
AUDREY ALTSTADT
History Department, University of Massachusetts,
Amherst
Baku
Narimanov, Nariman
RICHARD D. ANDERSON JR.
University of California, Los Angeles
Brezhnev, Leonid Ilich
CATHERINE ANDREYEV
Oxford University
Vlasov Movement
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C O N T R I B U T O R S
PATRICIA ARANT
ROBERT F. BAUMANN
Brown University
Folklore
Petrushka
United States Command and General Staff College,
Ft. Leavenworth, KS
Caucasian Wars
Russo-Persian Wars
MARIA SALOMON AREL
Brown University
Russia Company
SEYMOUR BECKER
Rutgers University
Bukhara
Turkestan
ABRAHAM ASCHER
Graduate Center, City University of New York
Revolution of 1905
Socialism
Temporary Regulations
MISHA V. BELKINDAS
The World Bank
Material Product System
Net Material Product
SARAH BADCOCK
JEAN K. BERGER
University of Nottingham
Chernov, Viktor Mikhailovich
University of Wisconsin-Fox Valley
Alexander I
Pruth River, Campaign and Treaty of
Three Emperors’ League
HAROLD D. BAKER
Tolstaya, Tatiana Nikitichna
VINCENT BARNETT
Middlesex, England
Bazarov, Vladimir Alexandrovich
Kondratiev, Nikolai Dmitrievich
Slutsky, Yevgeny Yevgenievich
Tugan-Baranovsky, Mikhail Ivanovich
LAURIE BERNSTEIN
Rutgers University
Prostitution
RICHARD H. BIDLACK
Washington and Lee University
Leningrad Affair
Leningrad, Siege of
Soviet-Finnish War
NICK BARON
University of Nottingham
Central Control Commission
Guberniya
Kritzman, Lev Natanovich
Martov, Yuli Osipovich
Ordzhonikidze, Grigory Konstantinovich
Rabkrin
Tarkovsky, Andrei Arsenievich
Uezd
Zinoviev, Grigory Yevseyevich
Zinoviev Letter
SAMUEL H. BARON
University of North Carolina
Gosti
Novocherkassk Uprising
Plekhanov, Georgy Valentinovich
lii
YAROSLAV BILINSKY
University of Delaware
Communist Bloc
Dissident Movement
VANESSA BITTNER
Pushkin House
COLE BLASIER
University of Pittsburgh
Cuba, Relations with
Nicaragua, Relations with
ROBERT E. BLOBAUM
West Virginia University
Dzerzhinsky, Felix Edmundovich
E N C Y C L O P E D I A
O F
R U S S I A N
H I S T O R Y
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L I S T
BRIAN BOECK
C O N T R I B U T O R S
KEVIN ALAN BROOK
German Settlers
Loyola Marymount University
Beard Tax
Collective Responsibility
Dmitry of Uglich
Karachai
Osetins
Tale of Avraamy Palitsyn
VLADIMIR BROVKIN
Department of International Relations, Urals State
University, Ekaterinburg, Russia
Red Terror
DANIEL BROWER
SERGEI BOGATYREV
School of Slavonic and East European Studies,
University College London; University of Helsinki
Boyar
Boyar Duma
Gosudaryev Dvor
Ivan IV
Kurbsky, Andrei Mikhailovich
Okolnichy
Oprichnina
SALLY A. BONIECE
Department of History, Frostburg State University,
Frostburg, MD
Brest-Litovsk Peace
Kaplan, Fanya
Spiridonova, Maria Alexandrovna
ELIOT BORENSTEIN
New York University
Chernuhka
Pelevin, Viktor Olegovich
GEORGE A. BOURNOUTIAN
Iona College
Armenia and Armenians
Lazarev Institute
JOHN E. BOWLT
University of Southern California
Silver Age
St. Antony’s College, Oxford University
Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeyevich
Gorbachev, Raisa Maximovna
New Political Thinking
Perestroika
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
PETER B. BROWN
Rhode Island College
Chancellery System
Dyak
Podyachy
CYNTHIA J. BUCKLEY
Department of Sociology, University of Texas, Austin
Demography
Migration
DAVID BRANDENBERGER
University of Richmond
Communist Academy
Doctors’ Plot
Institute of Red Professors
Short Course
R U S S I A N
ARCHIE BROWN
Tulane University
Admiralty
Architecture
Cathedral of St. Sophia, Kiev
Cathedral of St. Sophia, Novgorod
Gatchina
Kremlin
Peter and Paul Fortress
Rastrelli, Bartolomeo
Red Square
Tithe Church, Kiev
Winter Palace
University of Zurich
Morozova, Feodosya Prokopevna
Osorina, Yulianya Ustinovna
O F
University of California, Davis
Colonialism
Khiva
Skobelev, Mikhail Dmitriyevich
Kaufman, Konstantin Petrovich
WILLIAM CRAFT BRUMFIELD
NADA BOSKOVSKA
E N C Y C L O P E D I A
O F
MARY BUCKLEY
Independent Scholar, London, England
Zhensovety
H I S T O R Y
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C O N T R I B U T O R S
OLEG BUDNITSKII
Institute of Russian History, Russian Academy of
Sciences
Fundamental Laws of 1906
Historiography
Land Captain
Leipzig, Battle of
Loris-Melikov, Mikhail Tarelovich
Milyukov, Paul Nikolayevich
October Manifesto
Perovskaya, Sofia Lvovna
Platonov, Sergei Fyodorovich
Vyborg Manifesto
Zemstvo
Zhelyabov, Andrei Ivanovich
Radek, Karl Bernardovich
World Revolution
NIKOLAOS A. CHRISSIDIS
Southern Connecticut State University
Leichoudes, Ioannikios and Sophronios
Medvedev, Sylvester Agafonikovich
Slavo-Greco-Latin Academy
CAROL CLARK
Trinity College
Trade Unions
TERRY D. CLARK
PAUL A. BUSHKOVITCH
Yale University
Great Northern War
Ivan V
Lesnaya, Battle of
Narva, Battles of
Patriarchate
Polotsky, Simeon
Creighton University
Grishin, Viktor Vasilievich
Luzhkov, Yuri Mikhailovich
Moscow
J. CALVITT CLARKE III
Jacksonville University
Italy, Relations with
FRANCIS BUTLER
J. EUGENE CLAY
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Vladimir, St.
Arizona State University
Platon (Levshin)
Sectarianism
Stefan Yavorsky, Metropolitan
ROBERT W. CAMPBELL
Indiana University, Bloomington
Five-Hundred-Day Plan
Liberman, Yevsei Grigorevich
Nemchinov, Vasily Sergeyevich
Novozhilov, Viktor Valentinovich
Popov, Pavel Ilich
Varga, Eugene Samuilovich
WALTER C. CLEMENS JR.
Boston University
Arms Control
Hague Peace Conferences
Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces Treaty
BARBARA EVANS CLEMENTS
MARIA CARLSON
University of Kansas
Occultism
Ellensburg, WA
Kollontai, Alexandra Mikhailovna
Samoilova, Kondordiya Nikolayevna
Stasova, Yelena Dmitrievna
SHARON MARIE CARNICKE
University of Southern California, School of Theatre
Meyerhold, Vsevolod Yemilievich
Moscow Art Theater
Stanislavsky, Konstantin Sergeyevich
PHYLLIS CONN
Fresh Meadows, NY
Gagarin, Yuri Alexeyevich
SUSAN COSTANZO
University of Pittsburgh
Communist International
Western Washington University
Thaw, The
Theater
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E N C Y C L O P E D I A
WILLIAM J. CHASE
O F
R U S S I A N
H I S T O R Y
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L I S T
O F
C O N T R I B U T O R S
KAZIMIERA J. COTTAM
BRIAN DAVIES
Ontario, Canada
Pavliuchenko, Lyudmila Mikhailovna
University of Texas, San Antonio
Frontier Fortifications
Guba Administrative System
Smolensk War
Syn Boyarsky
Voyevoda
DEBRA A. COULTER
UCL, University of London
Church Council, Hundred Chapters
Holy Synod
Job, Patriarch
NATHANIEL DAVIS
Harvey Mudd College
Alexei I, Patriarch
Pimen, Patriarch
PAUL CREGO
Library of Congress
Armenian Apostolic Church
Avars
Balkars
Caucasus
Dagestan
Dargins
Georgia and Georgians
Georgian Orthodox Church
Lezgins
Pestel, Pavel Ivanovich
JULIE DEGRAFFENRIED
Baylor University
Plenum
MICHELLE DENBESTE
California State University, Fresno
Instruction, Legislative Commission of
Catherine II
Pobedonostsev, Konstantin
ERIN K. CROUCH
MICHAEL A. DENNER
Sakha and Yakuts
Stetson University
Golden Age of Russian Literature
Tolstoy, Leo Nikolayevich
Turgenev, Ivan Sergeyevich
WILLIAM CROWTHER
University of North Carolina, Greensboro
Moldova and Moldovans
MARTIN DIMNIK
Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, Toronto
Alexander Mikhailovich
Alexander Yaroslavich
Andrei Alexandrovich
Andrei Yaroslavich
Andrei Yurevich
Dmitry Alexandrovich
Dmitry Mikhailovich
Igor
Ivan I
Ivan II
Izyaslav I
Izyaslav Mstislavich
Kormchaya Kniga
Mstislav
Oleg
Rostislav
Rurik
Simeon
Svyatopolk I
Svyatopolk II
Svyatoslav I
ANTHONY D’AGOSTINO
San Francisco State University
Kremlinology
JOHN C. K. DALY
Arnold, Maryland
Chesme, Battle of
Nakhimov, Pavel Stepanovich
Navarino, Battle of
Sinope, Battle of
JONATHAN W. DALY
University of Illinois, Chicago
Zubatov, Sergei Vasilievich
ROBERT V. DANIELS
University of Vermont
Party Congresses and Conferences
Primakov, Yevgeny Maximovich
Trotsky, Leon Davidovich
E N C Y C L O P E D I A
O F
R U S S I A N
H I S T O R Y
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C O N T R I B U T O R S
Svyatoslav II
Vladimir Monomakh
Vsevolod I
Vsevolod III
Yaropolk I
Yaroslav Vladimirovich
Yaroslav Vsevolodovich
Yaroslav Yaroslavich
Yuri Vsevolodovich
Yuri Danilovich
Yuri Vladimirovich
LINDA EDMONDSON
University of Birmingham, England
Feminism
MILTON EHRE
University of Chicago
Babel, Isaac Emmanuyelovich
Bunin, Ivan Alexeyevich
MARIA EITINGUINA
Brodsky, Joseph Alexandrovich
EMIL DRAITSER
Hunter College
Saltykov-Shchedrin, Mikhail Yevgrafovich
KYRIL DREZOV
Keele University
Bulgaria, Relations with
A. DELANO DuGARM
St. Paul, Minnesota
Antonov Uprising
Black Repartition
Committees of the Village Poor
Green Movement
Kronstadt Uprising
Operation Barbarossa
Redemption Payments
Rostovtsev, Mikhail Ivanovich
CHESTER S. L. DUNNING
Texas A&M University
Bolotnikov, Ivan Isayevich
Dmitry, False
Fyodor II
Godunov, Boris Fyodorovich
Mniszech, Marina
Otrepev, Grigory
Shuisky, Vasily Ivanovich
Time of Troubles
MICHAEL ELLMAN
Amsterdam University & Tinbergen Institute
Administration for Organized Recruitment
Aganbegyan, Abel Gezevich
Barsov, Alexander Alexandrovich
Civic Union
Economic Reform Commission
Scientific Socialism
Zasulich, Vera Ivanovna
GEORGE ENTEEN
Pennsylvania State University
Pokrovsky, Mikhail Nikolayevich
EDWARD E. ERICSON III
John Brown University
Soviet-German Trade Agreement of 1939
RICHARD E. ERICSON
East Carolina University
Command Administrative Economy
Barone, Enrico
Hayek, Friedrich
Market Socialism
Planners’ Preferences
ALFRED B. EVANS JR.
Boston College
Cabinet of Ministers, Soviet
Prime Minister
Department of Political Science, California State
University, Fresno
Dialectical Materialism
Engels, Friedrich
Labor Theory of Value
Leontiev, Konstantin Nikolayevich
Marxism
Nihilism and Nihilists
Novosibirsk Report
Soviet Man
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E N C Y C L O P E D I A
ANDREW R. DURKIN
Indiana University, Bloomington
Chekhov, Anton Pavlovich
GERALD M. EASTER
O F
R U S S I A N
H I S T O R Y
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L I S T
O F
C O N T R I B U T O R S
CATHERINE EVTUHOV
RADU R. FLORESCU
Georgetown University
Bulgakov, Sergei Nikolayevich
Boston College; Honorary Consul General of Romania,
New England
Bucharest, Treaty of
Romania, Relations with
JOHN PATRICK FARRELL
Department of History, University of California,
Davis
Ehrenburg, Ilya Grigorovich
Likhachev, Dmitry Sergeyevich
VICTOR M. FIC
Ontario, Canada
Komuch
GAIL A. FONDAHL
Geography Program, University of Northern British
Columbia
Chukchi
Evenki
Nenets
Northern Peoples
SIMON FRANKLIN
DANIEL FIELD
Clare College, University of Cambridge
Birchbark Charters
Byzantium, Influence of
Syracuse University
Great Reforms
Milyutin, Nikolai Alexeyevich
Three-Field System
VICTORIA FREDE
MARK G. FIELD
School of Public Health, Harvard University
Health Care Services, Soviet
Columbia University
Lovers of Wisdom, The
ROBERT O. FREEDMAN
DON FILTZER
University of East London
Preobrazhensky, Yevgeny Alexeyevich
STUART FINKEL
University of Texas, Austin
State Security, Organs of
Baltimore Hebrew University
Iran, Relations with
Iraq, Relations with
Israel, Relations with
Jackson-Vanik Agreement
Persian Gulf War
Turkey, Relations with
CHAERAN Y. FREEZE
Brandeis University
Rabbinical Commission
ALAN FISHER
Michigan State University
Crimean Khanate
Crimean Tatars
GREGORY L. FREEZE
Brandeis University
Catholicism
Icons
Prokopovich, Feofan
Religion
Russian Orthodox Church
Saints
Soslovie
DIANA FISHER
California State
University, Los Angeles
Pale of Settlement
OMER FISHER
Russia-Belarus Union
RICHARD FRUCHT
Northwest Missouri State University
Balkan Wars
Serbia, Relations with
Yugoslavia, Relations with
SHEILA FITZPATRICK
University of Chicago
Cultural Revolution
Lunacharsky, Anatoly Vasilievich
E N C Y C L O P E D I A
O F
R U S S I A N
H I S T O R Y
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C O N T R I B U T O R S
JOSEPH T. FUHRMANN
GRAEME GILL
Murray State University
Rasputin, Grigory Yefimovich
University of Sydney
Communist Party of the Soviet Union
De-Stalinization
Gromyko, Andrei Andreyevich
Kosygin, Alexei Nikolayevich
Politburo
Stalin, Josef Vissarionovich
MARK GALEOTTI
Keele University
Ministry of Internal Affairs
Special Purpose Forces
DAVID M. GLANTZ
NICHOLAS GANSON
University of North Carolina
Alexandra Fedorovna
Alexei Nikolayevich
Cathedral of Christ the Savior
Famine of 1946
RAYMOND L. GARTHOFF
Washington, DC
Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty
Geneva Summit of 1985
Malta Summit
Reykjavik Summit
Carlisle, PA
Chuikov, Vasily Ivanovich
Grand Alliance
Kursk, Battle of
Stalingrad, Battle of
Zhukov, Georgy Konstantinovich
ABBOTT GLEASON
Brown University
Aksakov, Konstantin Sergeyevich
Aksakov, Ivan Sergeyevich
Khomyakov, Alexei Stepanovich
Kireyevsky, Ivan Vasilievich
Panslavism
Totalitarianism
ALBRECHT GAUB
Hamburg, Germany
Opera
GREG GAUT
Saint Mary’s University of Minnesota
Soloviev, Vladimir Sergeyevich
CAROL GAYLE
Department of History, Lake Forest College
Bukharin, Nikolai Ivanovich
Cooperatives, Law on
Cooperative Societies
Economy, Tsarist
Free Economic Society
Grain Crisis of 1928
Khutor
Smychka
ANNA GEIFMAN
Boston University
Terrorism
JOHN GLEDHILL
Georgetown University
Bessarabia
Bukovina
Trans-Dniester Republic
DMITRI GLINSKI
IMEMO, Russian Academy of Sciences
Butashevich-Petrashevsky, Mikhail Vasilievich
Democratization
Dudayev, Dzhokhar
Herzen, Alexander Ivanovich
Mikhailovsky, Nikolai Konstantinovich
Peasant Uprisings
Shatalin, Stanislav Sergeyevich
HAROLD J. GOLDBERG
University of the South
Anti-Comintern Pact
Popular Front Policy
Rapallo, Treaty of
United Nations
DAVID M. GOLDFRANK
Duke University
Tur, Yevgenia
Department of History, Georgetown University
Belarus and Belarusians
Berlin, Congress of
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E N C Y C L O P E D I A
JEHANNE M. GHEITH
O F
R U S S I A N
H I S T O R Y
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L I S T
Crimean War
Daniel, Metropolitan
Joseph of Volotsk, St.
Judaizers
Kuritsyn, Fyodor Vasilevich
Muscovy
Nesselrode, Karl Robert
Paris, Congress and Treaty of 1856
Possessors and Non-Possessors
Nil Sorsky, St.
Stolnik
Third Rome
Vienna, Congress of
WENDY GOLDMAN
Department of History, Carnegie Mellon University
Family Code of 1926
Family Code on Marriage, the Family, and
Guardianship
Family Laws of 1936
DARRA GOLDSTEIN
Williams College
Food
MELVIN GOODMAN
National War College
Shevardnadze, Eduard Amvrosievich
ANNE E. GORSUCH
University of British Columbia
Communist Youth Organizations
STEVEN A. GRANT
U.S. Department of State
Obshchina
Public Opinion Studies
O F
C O N T R I B U T O R S
Dolgans
Dungan
Ethiopian Civil War
Fyodor Ivanovich
Fonvizin, Denis Ivanovich
Great Britain, Relations with
Greece, Relations with
Griboedov, Alexander Sergeyevich
Hungarian Revolution
Hungary, Relations with
Kalmyks
Khakass
Korolenko, Vladimir Galaktionovich
Koryaks
Kurds
Lotman, Yuri Mikhailovich
Muraviev, Nikita
Nagrodskaya, Evdokia Apollonovna
Nekrasov, Nikolai Alexeyevich
Northern Fleet
Novikov, Nikolai Ivanovich
Odoyevsky, Vladimir Fyodorovich
Pacific Fleet
Pakistan, Relations with
Pavlov, Valentin Sergeyevich
Pisarev, Dmitry Ivanovich
Pogodin, Mikhail Petrovich
Poles
Popov, Alexander Stepanovich
Russian Federation
Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic
Ryleyev, Kondraty Fyodorovich
Shcharansky, Anatoly Nikolayevich
Shcherbatov, Mikhail Mikhailovich
Sikorsky, Igor Ivanovich
Strategic Defense Initiative
Tuva and Tuvinians
Vasilevsky, Alexander Mikhailovich
ROSALIND P. GRAY
JOHANNA GRANVILLE
Hoover Institution Fellow, Stanford University
Alaska
Alliluyeva, Svetlana Iosifovna
Baltic Fleet
Bruce, James David
Bulgarians
Buryats
Cabaret
Central Committee
Conventional Forces in Europe Treaty
Czartoryski, Adam Jerzy
Derzhavin, Gavryl Romanovich
E N C Y C L O P E D I A
O F
R U S S I A N
H I S T O R Y
Pembroke College, Cambridge, UK
Academy of Arts
Neoclassicism
PAUL R. GREGORY
University of Houston
Aeroflot
Bureaucracy, Economic
Economic Growth, Imperial
Economy, Post-Soviet
Fondoderzhateli
Gosplan
Industrialization, Soviet
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C O N T R I B U T O R S
Ministries, Economic
State Orders
War Communism
War Economy
World War II
PATRICIA KENNEDY GRIMSTED
Harvard University
Archives
BORIS GUBMAN
Department of Theory and History of Culture, Tver
State University, Russia
Idealism
JAMES G. HART
Charlottesville, VA
Razin Rebellion
JANET HARTLEY
London School of Economics and Political Science
Legislative Commission of 1767–1768
JENNIFER HEDDA
MIKHAIL GUBOGLO
Russian Academy of Sciences
Gagauz
Simpson College
Petrov, Grigory Spiridonovich
STEFAN HEDLUND
NIKOLAS GVOSDEV
The Nixon Center
Alexei II, Patriarch
Berlin, Convention of
Portsmouth, Treaty of
Stolbovo, Treaty of
Unkiar Skelessi, Treaty of
Department of East European Studies, Uppsala
University, Sweden
Chubais, Anatoly Borisovich
Crony Capitalism
Foreign Debt
Kormlenie
Mafia Capitalism
Shock Therapy
MARY R. HABECK
Yale University
Khalkin-Gol, Battle of
Spanish Civil War
White Army
JAMES HEINZEN
Rowan University
Raionirovanie
RICHARD HELLIE
PAUL M. HAGENLOH
University of Alabama
Kirov, Sergei Mironovich
Show Trials
WERNER G. HAHN
Foreign Broadcast Information Service
Zhdanov, Andrei Alexandrovich
JONATHAN HARRIS
University of Pittsburgh
Andreyeva, Nina Alexandrovna
Ligachev, Yegor Kuzmich
Movement for Democratic Reforms
Yakovlev, Alexander Nikolayevich
The University of Chicago
Assembly of the Land
Civil War of 1425–1450
Colonial Expansion
Dvorianstvo
Enserfment
Feudalism
Izba
Law Code of 1649
Morozov, Boris Ivanovich
New Statute of Commerce
Pomestie
Presidium of Supreme Soviet
Serfdom
Service State
Slavery
Sudebnik of 1589
MARK HARRISON
Department of Economics, University of Warwick
Military-Economic Planning
Voznesensky, Nikolai Alexeyevich
ELIZABETH JONES HEMENWAY
lx
E N C Y C L O P E D I A
Xavier University of Louisiana
Charskaya, Lydia Alexeyevna
O F
R U S S I A N
H I S T O R Y
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L I S T
Chukovsky, Kornei Ivanovich
Serapion Brothers
Skaz
Tolstoy, Alexei Konstantinovich
O F
C O N T R I B U T O R S
Malevich, Kazimir Severinovich
Melnikov, Konstantin Stepanovich
LINDSEY HUGHES
London University
Abkhazians
Ajars
Mingrelians
Svans
University College London
Alexei Petrovich
Armory
Cathedral of St. Basil
Cathedral of the Archangel
Cathedral of the Dormition
Catherine I
Fyodor Alexeyevich
Golitsyn, Vasily Vasilievich
Ivan VI
Khovanshchina
Mazepa, Hetman Ivan Stepanovich
Menshikov, Alexander Danilovich
Moscow Baroque
Naryshkina, Natalia Kirillovna
Nystadt, Treaty of
Peter I
Peter II
Peter III
Rumyantsev, Peter Alexandrovich
Sophia
Succession, Law on
Table of Ranks
Terem
Ukaz
ROBERT H. HEWSEN
HOLLAND HUNTER
PATRICIA HERLIHY
Brown University
Alcohol Monopoly
Greeks
ERIK S. HERRON
University of Kansas
Popov, Gavriil Kharitonovich
Presidency
DALE HERSPRING
Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovich
JULIE HESSLER
University of Oregon
Black Market
GUM
B. GEORGE HEWITT
Rowan College
Albanians, Caucasian
Haverford, Pennsylvania
Five-Year Plans
MICHAEL C. HICKEY
NORMAN W. INGHAM
Bloomsburg University od Pennsylvania
July Days of 1917
Kamenev, Lev Borisovich
University of Chicago
Bylina
Cyril of Turov
Firebird
Historical Songs
Lay of Igor’s Campaign
Zadonshchina
YVONNE HELEN HOWELL
University of Richmond
Science Fiction
Vavilov, Nikolai Ivanovich
LUCIE HRIBAL
WILLIAM D. JACKSON
University of Zurich
Television and Radio
Miami University, Ohio
Russian National Unity Party
HUGH D. HUDSON JR.
Georgia State University
Constructivism
Futurism
E N C Y C L O P E D I A
O F
MARC JANSEN
University of Amsterdam
Yezhov, Nikolai Ivanovich
R U S S I A N
H I S T O R Y
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C O N T R I B U T O R S
ANDREW JENKS
Niagara University
Subway Systems
Science and Technology Policy
Sputnik
EDWARD H. JUDGE
D. GALE JOHNSON
University of Chicago
Virgin Lands Program
Le Moyne College
Plehve, Vyacheslav Konstantinovich
ULYANNIKOVA JULIA
JULIET JOHNSON
McGill University
Central Bank of Russia
Chervonets
Gold Standard
Gosbank
Ruble Zone
Sberbank
Stroibank
ROBERT E. JOHNSON
University of Toronto
Moscow Agricultural Society
Peasantry
DAVID R. JONES
Russian Department, Dalhousie University
Administration, Military
Alash Orda
Kazakhstan and Kazakhs
Kunayev, Dinmukhammed Akhmedovich
Nazarbayev, Nursultan Abishevich
World War I
Emancipation Act
Prison Songs
PETER JUVILER
Barnard College
Human Rights
FREDERICK W. KAGAN
U.S. Military Academy, West Point
Austerlitz, Battle of
Borodino, Battle of
Chernyshev, Alexander Ivanovich
French War of 1812
Guards, Regiments of
Kutuzov, Mikhail Ilarionovich
DANIEL H. KAISER
Grinnell College
Russian Justice
Statute of Grand Prince Vladimir
Statute of Grand Prince Yaroslav
JUDITH E. KALB
STEPHEN JONES
Mt. Holyoke College
Chkheidze, Nikolai Semenovich
Gamsakhurdia, Zviad
Transcaucasian Federations
W. GARETH JONES
University of Wales, Bangor
Radishchev, Alexander Nikolayevich
MELISSA R. JORDINE
German Democratic Republic
Germany, Relations with
PAUL R. JOSEPHSON
Department of History, Colby College, Waterville,
Maine
Atomic Energy
Moscow Olympics of 1980
lxii
University of South Carolina
Mandelshtam, Nadezhda Yakovlevna
Mandelshtam, Osip Emilievich
ROGER KANGAS
The George C. Marshall Center, GarmischPartenkirchen, Germany
Afghanistan, Relations with
Central Asia
Federalism
Kyrgyzstan and Kyrgyz
Tajikistan and Tajiks
Tashkent
Turkmenistan and Turkmen
Uzbekistan and Uzbeks
ANDREAS KAPPELER
University of Vienna, Austria
Nationalities Policies, Tsarist
E N C Y C L O P E D I A
O F
R U S S I A N
H I S T O R Y
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L I S T
BRIAN KASSOF
Wesleyan University
Babi Bunty
Education
Yesenin, Sergei Alexandrovich
Glavlit
Gosizdat
Gumilev, Nikolai Stepanovich
Russian Association of Proletarian Writers
Solzhenitsyn, Alexander Isayevich
Union of Soviet Writers
DANIEL R. KAZMER
Institute for European, Russian, and Eurasian
Studies, George Washington University
Council for Mutual Economic Assistance
O F
C O N T R I B U T O R S
Lebed, Alexander Ivanovich
Makarov, Stepan Osipovich
Moiseyev, Mikhail Alexeyevich
Ogarkov, Nikolai Vasilevich
Pugo, Boris Karlovich
Radzinsky, Edvard Stanislavich
Reitern, Mikhail Khristoforovich
Rutskoi, Alexander Vladimirovich
Sevastopol
Stepashin, Sergei Vadimovich
Ustinov, Dmitry Fedorovich
Varennikov, Valentin Ivanovich
Yazov, Dmitry Timofeyevich
Zhirinovsky, Vladimir Volfovich
MAIA KIPP
University of Kansas
Taganka
CATRIONA KELLY
University of Oxford
Morozov, Pavel Trofimovich
LISA A. KIRSCHENBAUM
West Chester University
Bonner, Yelena Georgievna
Sakharov, Andrei Dmitrievich
SCOTT M. KENWORTHY
University of Ohio
Monasticism
JOHN D. KLIER
University College London
Bund, Jewish
Cantonists
Inorodtsy
Jews
ADEEB KHALID
Carleton College
Islam
VICTORIA KHITERER
Brandeis University
Chernyshevsky, Nikolai Gavrilovich
Gigantomania
Intelligentsia
Katkov, Mikhail Nikiforovich
Nationalism in the Soviet Union
Raznochintsy
AMY KNIGHT
Ottawa, Canada
Beria, Lavrenti Pavlovich
Chebrikov, Viktor Mikhailovich
Defectors, Soviet Era
Kryuchkov, Vladimir Alexandrovich
NATHANIEL KNIGHT
JACOB W. KIPP
Foreign Military Studies Office, Ft. Leavenworth,
Kansas
Akhromeyev, Sergei Fyodorovich
Bakatin, Vadim Viktorovich
Barannikov, Viktor Pavlovich
Bloch, Jan
Committee of Soldiers’ Mothers
Dugin, Alexander Gelevich
Gromov, Boris Vsevolodovich
Gumilev, Lev Nikolayevich
Kokoshin, Andrei Afanasievich
Kursk Submarine Disaster
E N C Y C L O P E D I A
O F
R U S S I A N
H I S T O R Y
Seton Hall University
Ethnography, Russian and Soviet
ZOE KNOX
Monash University, Australia
Episcopate
Pamyat
NANCY SHIELDS KOLLMANN
Stanford University
Beschestie
Mestnichestvo
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C O N T R I B U T O R S
MARK KONECNY
SHARON A. KOWALSKY
Institute of Modern Russian Culture, University of
Southern California
Bryusov, Valery Yakovlevich
Chagall, Marc
Kandinsky, Vassily Vassilyvich
Mayakovsky, Vladimir Vladimirovich
University of North Carolina
Abortion Policy
Commissar
Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich
NATALIE O. KONONENKO
University of Virginia
Propp, Vladimir Iakovlevich
MARK KRAMER
Harvard University
Cold War
ROBERT S. KRAVCHUK
GEORGE T. KOSAR
Brandeis University
Church Council
JARMO T. KOTILAINE
Harvard University
Copper Riots
Customs Books
Denmark, Relations with
Gordon, Patrick Leopold
Gostinaya Sotnya
Kopeck
Nerchinsk, Treaty of
Norway, Relations with
Poltava, Battle of
Ruble
Sukonnaya Sotnya
Sweden, Relations with
Trade Statutes of 1653 and 1667
Winius, Andries Dionyszoon
ROMAN K. KOVALEV
The College of New Jersey
Altyn
Astrakhan, Khanate of
Banya
Chastushka
Cimmerians
Denga
Grivna
Huns
Khazars
Maslenitsa
Nogai
Pechenegs
Polyane
Polovtsy
Route to Greeks
Scythians
Torky
Witchcraft
lxiv
Kravchuk, Leonid Makarovich
ISABELLE KREINDLER
Haifa University, Israel
Ilminsky, Nikolai Ivanovich
Mordvins
RICHARD J. KRICKUS
Mary Washington College
Kaliningrad
MIKHAIL M. KROM
European University at St. Petersburg, Russia
Basil I
Basil II
Basil III
Ivan III
Livonian War
State Principle
Ugra River, Battle of
Votchina
PAUL J. KUBICEK
Oakland University
Akayev, Askar Akayevich
Belovezh Accords
Commonwealth of Independent States
Finland
Karakalpaks
Kozyrev, Andrei Vladimirovich
Starovoitova, Galina Vasilievna
ANNA KUXHAUSEN
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Smolny Institute
TARAS KUZIO
University of Toronto
Crimea
E N C Y C L O P E D I A
O F
R U S S I A N
H I S T O R Y
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L I S T
MARTHA LUBY LAHANA
Littleton, Colorado
Matveyev, Artamon Sergeyevich
Ordin-Nashchokin, Afanasy Lavrentievich
MATTHEW E. LENOE
Finnish Institute for Russian and East European
Studies
Mari El and the Mari
Assumption College
Izvestiya
Newspapers
Pravda
TASS
King’s College, England
Balaklava, Battle of
C O N T R I B U T O R S
Chronicles
Donskoy, Dmitry Ivanovich
Hagiography
Nikitin, Afanasy
SEPPO LALLUKKA
ANDREW LAMBERT
O F
STEVEN I. LEVINE
University of Montana
Aigun, Treaty of
China, Relations with
Peking, Treaty of
JACK LANGER
Duke University
Black Hundred
MARCUS C. LEVITT
LAWRENCE N. LANGER
University of Southern California
Sumarokov, Alexander Petrovich
University of Connecticut
Hanseatic League
Novgorod Judicial Charter
Novgorod, Archbishop of
Posadnik
Pskov Judicial Charter
GERARD J. LIBARIDIAN
University of Michigan
Aliyev, Heidar
Dashnaktsutiun
Genocide
Nagorno-Karabakh
Ter-Petrossian, Levon
ANDREI LANKOV
Australian National University
Korea, Relations with
Koreans
CARL A. LINDEN
University of Pau, France
Privatization
Transition Economies
The George Washington University
Anarchism
Glasnost
Permanent Revolution
Struve, Peter Bernardovich
EDWARD J. LAZZERINI
SUSAN J. LINZ
Indiana University
Gaspirali, Ismail Bey
Jadidism
Michigan State University
Assortment Plans
Edinonachalie
Enterprise, Soviet
Full Economic Accounting
Hard Budget Constraints
Khozraschet
Material Balances
Petty Tutelage
Ratchet Effect
Samoupravlenie
Techpromfinplan
Value Subtraction
Virtual Economy
MARIE LAVIGNE
ART LEETE
Georgetown University
Estonia and Estonians
Khanty
GAIL LENHOFF
University of California at Los Angeles
Book of Degrees
Boretskaya, Marfa Ivanovna
E N C Y C L O P E D I A
O F
R U S S I A N
H I S T O R Y
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C O N T R I B U T O R S
KARL E. LOEWENSTEIN
ROBERT MAIER
University of Wisconsin, Oshkosh
Fellow Travelers
Grossman, Vasily Semenovich
Sholokhov, Mikhail Alexandrovich
Simonov, Konstantin Mikhailovich
Institut fur internationale Schulbuchforschung,
Germany
Korenizatsya
JOHN M. LOGSDON
GEORGE P. MAJESKA
University of Maryland
Florence, Council of
George Washington University
International Space Station
MIR Space Station
Space Program
LYNN MALLY
ERIC LOHR
LUKE MARCH
American University
Deportations
Immigration and Emigration
Myasoedov Affair
Volsky, Arkady Ivanovich
University of Edinburgh, UK
Communist Party of the Russian Federation
Zyuganov, Gennady Andreyevich
PHILIP LONGWORTH
McGill University
Alexei Mikhailovich
NICKOLAS LUPININ
Franklin Pierce College
Charter of the Nobility
Samizdat
Simonov Monastery
ELAINE MACKINNON
State University of West Georgia
Suslov, Mikhail Andreyevich
University of California, Irvine
Proletkult
ROGER D. MARKWICK
Discipline of History, School of Liberal Arts, The
University of Newcastle, Australia
Bulganin, Nikolai Alexandrovich
Medvedev, Roy Alexandrovich
Mikoyan, Anastas Ivanovich
Podgorny, Nikolai Viktorovich
Ponomarev, Boris Kharitonovich
DAVID R. MARPLES
University of Alberta
Chernobyl
Ivashko, Vladimir Antonovich
Lukashenko, Alexander Grigorievich
Malenkov, Georgy Maximilyanovich
MICHELLE LAMARCHE MARRESE
PETER B. MAGGS
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Constitution of 1977
Court, High Arbitration
Court, Supreme
RÓSA MAGNÚSDÓTTIR
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
Circus
Lysenko, Trofim Denisovich
Medvedev, Zhores Alexandrovich
University of Toronto
Dashkova, Yekaterina Romanovna
Land Tenure, Imperial Era
JANET L. B. MARTIN
Department of History, University of Miami
Grand Prince
Kievan Rus
Novgorod the Great
Rota System
Rurikid Dynasty
RUSSELL E. MARTIN
University of Toronto
Carpatho-Rusyns
Department of History, Westminster College,
Pennsylvania
Filaret Romanov, Patriarch
lxvi
E N C Y C L O P E D I A
PAUL ROBERT MAGOCSI
O F
R U S S I A N
H I S T O R Y
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L I S T
O F
C O N T R I B U T O R S
BRUCE W. MENNING
Romanov Dynasty
Romanov, Mikhail Fyodorovich
RACHEL MAY
Office of Environment and Society, Syracuse
University
Environmentalism
Lake Baikal
JOHN McCANNON
University of Saskatchewan
Chirikov, Alexei Ilich
Chkalov, Valery Pavlovich
Daniel, Yuli Markovich
Dezhnev, Semen Ivanovich
Khabarov, Yerofei Pavlovich
Moskvitin, Ivan Yurievich
Polar Explorers
Roerich, Nicholas Konstantinovich
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Akkerman, Convention of
Brusilov, Alexei Alexeyevich
Cossacks
Jassy, Treaty of
Military Art
Military Doctrine
Military, Imperial Era
Port Arthur, Siege of
Preobrazhensky Guards
Russo-Turkish Wars
Shaposhnikov, Boris Mikhailovich
Stavka
Suvorov, Alexander Vasilievich
Volkogonov, Dmitry Antonovich
Voroshilov, Kliment Efremovich
STEPHAN MERL
Universität Bielefeld, Germany
Chayanov, Alexander Vasilievich
Kulaks
Mir
A. DEAN MCKENZIE
University of Oregon
Dionisy
Rublev, Andrei
Theophanes the Greek
Ushakov, Simon Fedorovich
MARTINE MESPOULET
University of Angers, France
French Influence in Russia
Goskomstat
Imperial Russian Technological Society
RAYMOND T. MCNALLY
Boston College
Chaadayev, Peter Yakovlevich
ANDREW A. MICHTA
Rhodes College
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Warsaw Treaty Organization
DAVID K. McQUILKIN
Bridgewater College of Virginia
What Is to Be Done?
JAMES R. MILLAR
George Washington University
Apparat
Federal Property Fund
Funded Commodities
Geneticists
Ministry of Foreign Trade
Primitive Socialist Accumulation
Production Sharing Agreement
Russian Federal Securities Commission
Stock Exchanges
Trusts, Soviet
LOUISE McREYNOLDS
University of Hawaii
Fabergé, Peter Carl
Korsh Theater
Krylov, Ivan Andreyevich
Repin, Ilya Yefimovich
Shchepkin, Mikhail Semeonovich
Thin Journals
MICHAEL MELANCON
Auburn University
Constituent Assembly
Left Socialist Revolutionaries
Lena Goldfields Massacre
Socialist Revolutionaries
E N C Y C L O P E D I A
O F
R U S S I A N
DAVID B. MILLER
Roosevelt University, Chicago, Illinois
Sergius, St.
Trinity St. Sergius Monastery
H I S T O R Y
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C O N T R I B U T O R S
BORIS N. MIRONOV
CATHARINE NEPOMNYASHCHY
Russian Academy of Science
Corporal Punishment
Grain Trade
Klyuchevsky, Vasily Osipovich
Vyshnegradsky, Ivan Alexeyevich
Westernizers
Witte, Sergei Yulievich
Barnard College, Columbia University
Novy Mir
JOAN NEUBERGER
University of Texas at Austin
Bauer, Yevgeny Frantsevich
Eisenstein, Sergei Mikhailovich
Mikhalkov, Nikita Sergeyevich
STEPHEN J. MORRIS
Foerign Policy Institute, Paul H. Nitze School of
Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins
University
Vietnam, Relations with
GARY SAUL MORSON
Northwestern University
Bakhtin, Mikhail Mikhailovich
WILLIAM MOSKOFF
Department of Economics, Lake Forest College
Bukharin, Nikolai Ivanovich
Cooperatives, Law on
Cooperative Societies
Economy, Tsarist
Free Economic Society
Grain Crisis of 1928
Khutor
Smychka
VICTOR L. MOTE
University of Houston
Altai
Black Earth
Caviar
Climate
Geography
Imperial Russian Geographical Society
Podzol
Railways
Russian Geographical Society
Siberia
Steppe
Trade Routes
Trans-Siberian Railway
MICHAEL NEWCITY
Duke University
Legal Systems
JOHANNA NICHOLS
University of California, Berkeley
Chechnya and Chechens
ROBERT L. NICHOLS
St. Olaf College
Anthony Khrapovitsky, Metropolitan
Anthony Vadkovsky, Metropolitan
Filaret Drozdov, Metropolitan
Spiritual Elders
JOSEPH L. NOGEE
University of Houston
Potsdam Conference
Teheran Conference
Yalta Conference
NORMA C. NOONAN
Augsburg College
General Secretary
Secretariat
Succession of Leadership, Soviet
DAVID J. NORDLANDER
Library of Congress
Gulag
STEPHEN M. NORRIS
Virginia Commonwealth University
Charter of the Cities
Miami University, Ohio
Alexander II
Nationalism in the Arts
Nicholas I
Seven Years’ War
REBECCA BALMAS NEARY
MATTHEW O’GARA
Harriman Institute, Columbia University
Family Edict of 1944
George Washington University
Strategic Arms Limitation Treaties
lxviii
E N C Y C L O P E D I A
GEORGE E. MUNRO
O F
R U S S I A N
H I S T O R Y
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L I S T
Strategic Arms Reduction Talks
Zero-Option
O F
C O N T R I B U T O R S
Makary, Metropolitan
Metropolitan
Primary Chronicle
Yarlyk
CATHERINE O’NEIL
University of Denver
Goncharov, Ivan Alexandrovich
THOMAS C. OWEN
Louisiana State University
Capitalism
Guilds
Merchants
Corporation, Russian
JULIA OBERTREIS
University of Bochum, Germany
Kulturnost
Strumilin, Stanislav Gustavovich
MICHAEL PARRISH
JUSTIN ODUM
Meskhetian Turks
GUR OFER
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem and the New
Economic School, Moscow
Economic Growth, Soviet
Index Number Relativity
Industrialization, Rapid
Indiana University
Black Sea Fleet
Frunze, Mikhail Vasilievich
Konev, Ivan Stepanovich
Kuznetsov, Nikolai Gerasimovich
Sokolovsky, Vasily Danilovich
Sorge, Richard
Yagoda, Genrikh Grigorevich
THOMAS PARRISH
JACQUELINE M. OLICH
University of North Carolina Center for Slavic,
Eurasian, and East European Studies
Chukovskaya, Lydia Korneyevna
Homeless Children
Berea, Kentucky
Berlin Blockade
ALICE K. PATE
Columbus State University
Mensheviks
HUGH M. OLMSTED
Harvard University
Fyodorov, Ivan
Maxim the Greek, St.
MICHAEL C. PAUL
University of Miami
Veche
SAMUEL A. OPPENHEIM
ELENA PAVLOVA
Modesto, CA
Stürmer, Boris Vladimirovich
Chicago, Illinois
Stenka Razin
DANIEL ORLOVSKY
DEBORAH PEARL
Southern Methodist University
Counterreforms
Provisional Government
Cleveland State University
People’s Will, The
N. G. O. PEREIRA
DONALD OSTROWSKI
Dalhousie University
Kolchak, Alexander Vasilievich
Harvard University
Batu
Christianization
Golden Horde
Kazan
Kulikovo Field, Battle of
E N C Y C L O P E D I A
O F
R U S S I A N
DANIEL PERIS
Federated Investors
League of the Militant Godless
H I S T O R Y
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C O N T R I B U T O R S
MAUREEN PERRIE
ANDREJS PLAKANS
Centre for Russian and East European Studies,
University of Birmingham
Minin, Kuzma
Pozharsky, Dmitry Mikhailovich
Yermak Timofeyevich
Department of History, Iowa State University
Latvia and Latvians
TUOMO POLVINEN
Helsinki, Finland
Bobrikov, Nikolai Ivanovich
KAREN PETRONE
University of Kentucky
Constitution of 1936
Cult of Personality
Lenin’s Tomb
PHILIP POMPER
Wesleyan University
Nechayev, Sergei Geradievich
NIKOLAI PETROV
BRIAN PORTER
Moscow Carnegie Center
Agrarian Party of Russia
Congress of Russian Communities
Democratic Party
Democratic Russia
Democratic Union
Electoral Commission
Fatherland-All Russia
Liberal Democratic Party
Movement in Support of the Army
Our Home Is Russia Party
Party of Russian Unity and Accord
People’s Party of Free Russia
Referendum of April 1993
Russia’s Democratic Choice
Rybkin, Ivan Petrovich
Union of Right Forces
Women of Russia Bloc
University of Michigan
Polish Rebellion of 1863
Sarmatians
ANNA PETROVA
St. Petersburg, Russia
Tsarskoye Selo
HUGH PHILLIPS
Western Kentucky University
Cuban Missile Crisis
Kiriyenko, Sergei Vladilenovich
Liberalism
Litvinov, Maxim Maximovich
Nemtsov, Boris Ivanovich
Novosiltsev, Nikolai Nikolayevich
Prussia, Relations with
Quadruple Alliance and Quintuple Alliance
CATHY J. POTTER
Chinese University of Hong Kong
Avvakum Petrovich
Diocese
Joakim, Patriarch
Neronov, Ivan
Nikon, Patriarch
Zealots of Piety
CAROLYN JOHNSTON POUNCY
Wallingford, Pennsylvania
Domostroi
DAVID K. PRESTEL
Michigan State University
Caves Monastery
Hilarion, Metropolitan
Olga
Ostromir Gospel
Paganism
Kievan Caves Patericon
DAVID PRETTY
Winthrop University
Labor
Pogroms
Soviet
JANICE T. PILCH
KARL D. QUALLS
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Russian State Library
National Library of Russia
Dickinson College
Cosmopolitanism
Iron Curtain
lxx
E N C Y C L O P E D I A
O F
R U S S I A N
H I S T O R Y
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L I S T
ALEXANDER RABINOWITCH
O F
C O N T R I B U T O R S
Napoleon I
Paris, First and Second Treaties of
Paul I
Indiana University
October Revolution
DONALD J. RALEIGH
VLADISLAVA REZNIK
University of North Carolina
Civil War of 1917–1922
Russian Department, University of Exeter
Language Laws
SAMUEL C. RAMER
ANTHONY RHINELANDER
Department of History, Tulane University
Feldsher
Health Care Services, Imperial
St. Thomas University, Canada
Vorontsov, Mikhail Semenovich
NICHOLAS V. RIASANOVSKY
University of California, Berkeley
Protopopov, Alexander Dmitrievich
Tyutchev, Fyodor Ivanovich
CHRISTOPHER READ
Lenin, Vladimir Ilich
PETER REDDAWAY
NANCY RIES
George Washington University
Chernomyrdin, Viktor Stepanovich
Dyachenko, Tatiana Borisovna
Inter-Regional Deputies’ Group
Korzhakov, Alexander Vasilievich
Kovalev, Sergei Adamovich
Memorial
October 1993 Events
Soskovets, Oleg Nikolayevich
Sociology and Anthropology, Colgate University
Russians
GABOR T. RITTERSPORN
Berlin, Germany
Purges, The Great
RICHARD G. ROBBINS JR.
University of New Mexico
Famine of 1891–1892
ROGER R. REESE
Texas A&M University
Military, Soviet and Post-Soviet
State Defense Committee
ANN E. ROBERTSON
W. M. REGER IV
Illinois State University
Andrusovo, Peace of
New-Formation Regiments
Streltsy
Thirteen Years’ War
THOMAS F. REMINGTON
Emory University
Congress of People’s Deputies
Federal Assembly
Political Party System
MARIE-PIERRE REY
Department of History, Research Centre in Slavic
History, Université de Paris I Panthéon Sorbonne
Détente
France, Relations with
E N C Y C L O P E D I A
O F
R U S S I A N
H I S T O R Y
Problems of Post-Communism
August 1991 Putsch
Calendar
Cyrillic Alphabet
Czechoslovakia, Relations with
Khasbulatov, Ruslan Imranovich
Lukyanov, Anatoly Ivanovich
Main Political Directorate
Museum, Hermitage
Old Style
People’s Control Committee
Romanova, Anastasia Nikolayevna
Romanov, Grigory Vasilievich
Ryzhkov, Nikolai Ivanovich
Shakhrai, Sergei Mikhailovich
Shumeiko, Vladimir Filippovich
St. Petersburg
Tsar, Tsarina
Union of Sovereign States
Yanayev, Gennady Ivanovich
Yeltsin, Boris Nikolayevich
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C O N T R I B U T O R S
ROY R. ROBSON
CHARLOTTE ROSENTHAL
University of the Sciences in Philadelphia
Old Believer Committee
Old Believers
University of Southern Maine
Verbitskaya, Anastasia Alexeyevna
EDWARD E. ROSLOF
STELLA ROCK
University of Sussex
Dvoeverie
SERGE ROGOSIN
CRA Research & Publications Program, Congress of
Russian Americans Washington Office
Balalaika
Living Church Movement
Orthodoxy
Sergei, Patriarch
Tikhon, Patriarch
MICHAEL ROULAND
Georgetown University
Ferghana Valley
Sarts
Shamil
PETER ROLLBERG
George Washington University
Amalrik, Andrei Alexeyevich
Andreyev, Leonid Nikolayevich
Belinsky, Vissarion Grigorievich
Custine, Astolphe Louis Leonor
Dostoyevsky, Fyodor Mikhailovich
Leskov, Nikolai Semenovich
Thick Journals
ALISON ROWLEY
Concordia University
Ginzburg, Evgenia Semenovna
Postal System
Tomsky, Mikhail Pavlovich
GILBERT ROZMAN
Princeton University
Far Eastern Region
ROBERT ROMANCHUK
Florida State University
Kirill-Beloozero Monastery
PRISCILLA ROOSEVELT
Washington, DC
Country Estates
Matryoshka Dolls
STEVEN ROSEFIELDE
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
Central Statistical Agency
Economic Growth, Intensive
Input-Output Analysis
Military-Industrial Complex
Repressed Inflation
State Capitalism
Subbotnik
BLAIR A. RUBLE
St. Petersburg
CYNTHIA A. RUDER
University of Kentucky
Socialist Realism
White Sea Canal
LARISSA RUDOVA
Pomona College
Pasternak, Boris Leonidovich
Stiliagi
K. ANDREA RUSNOCK
Glendale Community College
Agitprop
Palekh Painting
VICTOR ROSENBERG
Sports Policy
PETER RUTLAND
Fordham University
Berdyayev, Nikolai Alexandrovich
Wesleyan University
Committee for the Operational Management
of the National Economy
Electricity Grid
Fyodorov, Boris Grigorievich
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BERNICE GLATZER ROSENTHAL
O F
R U S S I A N
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O F
C O N T R I B U T O R S
DAVID SCHIMMELPENNINCK VAN DER OYE
Gaidar, Yegor Timurovich
Higher Party School
Kasyanov, Mikhail Mikhailovich
Security Council
Sobchak, Anatoly Alexandrovich
Soyuz Faction
Unity (Medved) Party
Yabloko
Yavlinsky, Grigory Alexeyevich
Brock University
Kuropatkin, Alexei Nikolayevich
Military Intelligence
JAMES J. SCHNEIDER
Leavenworth, KS
Svechin, Alexander Andreyevich
Triandafillov, Viktor Kiriakovich
CHARLES A. RUUD
TIM SCHOLL
University of Western Ontario
Censorship
Journalism
Suvorin, Alexei Sergeyevich
Sytin, Ivan Dmitrievich
Oberlin College
Ballet
Bolshoi Theater
Diagilev, Sergei Pavlovich
Nijinsky, Vaslav Fomich
Pavlova, Anna Matveyevna
Stravinsky, Igor Fyodorovich
Tchaikovsky, Peter Ilyich
WALTER SABLINSKY
University of Virginia
Bloody Sunday
Gapon, Georgy Apollonovich
ANDREAS SCHÖNLE
University of Michigan
Karamzin, Nikolai Mikhailovich
SHAWN SOLOMON
University of California, Berkeley
Tourism
DIANA SENECHAL
Brooklyn, New York
Akhmatova, Anna Andreyevna
Bely, Andrei
Blok, Alexander Alexandrovich
Bulgakov, Mikhail Afanasievich
Gogol, Nikolai Vasilievich
Pushkin, Alexander Sergeyevich
Tsvetaeva, Marina Ivanovna
ROSALINDE SARTORTI
Berlin, Germany
Kosmodemyanskaya, Zoya
NORMAN E. SAUL
University of Kansas
Allied Intervention
Gorchakov, Alexander Mikhailovich
Kuchuk Kainarji, Treaty of
League of Armed Neutrality
Tsushima, Battle of
United States, Relations with
War of the Third Coalition
ALFRED ERICH SENN
Professor Emeritus, University of Wisconsin, Madison
Brazauskas, Algirdas
Landsbergis, Vytautas
Lithuania and Lithuanians
Vilnius
ZHAND P. SHAKIBI
DANIEL E. SCHAFER
Belmont University
Bashkortostan and Bashkirs
Basmachis
Chuvash
Sultan-Galiev, Mirza Khaidargalievich
Tatarstan and Tatars
Togan, Ahmed Zeki Validov
E N C Y C L O P E D I A
O F
R U S S I A N
H I S T O R Y
London School of Economics and Political Science
Anna Ivanovna
Autocracy
Empire, USSR as
Governing Senate
His Majesty’s Own Chancery
Lermontov, Mikhail Yurievich
Octobrist Party
State Council
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C O N T R I B U T O R S
SETENEY SHAMI
JOHN SLATTER
Social Science Research Council
Adyge
Cherkess
Kabardians
University of Durham
Kropotkin, Pyotr Alexeyevich
DARRELL SLIDER
JANE A. SHARP
University of South Florida
Gypsy
Rutgers University
Goncharova, Natalia Sergeyevna
JONATHAN D. SMELE
MARSHALL S. SHATZ
University of Massachusetts, Boston
Chronicle of Current Events
Chronicle of Human Rights in the USSR
Queen Mary, University of London
Budenny, Semeon Mikhailovich
Krasnov, Pyotr Nikolayevich
Makhno, Nestor Ivanovich
Wrangel, Peter Nikolayevich
Yudenich, Nikolai Nikolayevich
LOUISE SHELLEY
Transnational Crime and Corruption Center,
American University, Washington, DC
Organized Crime
HEIDI M. SHERMAN
University of Minnesota
Gnezdovo
Normanist Controversy
Vikings
VERA SHEVZOV
Smith College
Consistory
VLADIMIR E. SHLAPENTOKH
Michigan State University
Developed Socialism
GERALD SMITH
Oxford, England
Okudzhava, Bulat Shalovich
Slutsky, Boris Abromovich
Vysotsky, Vladimir Semyonovich
Yevtushenko, Yevgeny Alexandrovich
GORDON B. SMITH
University of South Carolina
Article 6 of 1977 Constitution
Constitutional Court
Constitution of 1993
Procuracy
Referendum of December 1993
JEREMY SMITH
Centre for Russian and East European Studies,
University of Birmingham
Nationalities Policies, Soviet
ANATOL SHMELEV
Stanford University
Denikin, Anton Ivanovich
SUSANNAH LOCKWOOD SMITH
University of Minnesota
Folk Music
DENNIS SHOWALTER
U.S. Military Academy, West Point
Tannenberg, Battle of
SUSAN SMITH-PETER
College of Staten Island, City University of New York
Regionalism
LEWIS H. SIEGELBAUM
Michigan State University
Class System
Shockworkers
Stakhanovite Movement
Wages, Soviet
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TIMOTHY SNYDER
Department of History, Yale University
Nationalism in Tsarist Empire
Polish-Soviet War
E N C Y C L O P E D I A
O F
R U S S I A N
H I S T O R Y
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L I S T
O F
ROMAN SOLCHANYK
JOHN W. STEINBERG
RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA
Union Treaty
Georgia Southern University
Military Reforms
Russo-Japanese War
C O N T R I B U T O R S
PETER H. SOLOMON JR.
LUDWIG STEINDORFF
University of Toronto
Shakhty Trial
Vyshinsky, Andrei Yanuarievich
Kiel, Germany
Donation Books
Feast Books
Sinodik
Sorokoust
MARTIN C. SPECHLER
Russian and East European Institute, Indiana
University
Banking System, Tsarist
Bednyaki
Blat
Commanding Heights of the Economy
Control Figures
Economic Growth, Extensive
Economism
Feldman, Grigory Alexandrovich
Foreign Trade
Glavki
Indicative Planning
Kantorovich, Leonid Vitaliyevich
Kornai, Janos
Kosygin Reforms
Mercantilism
New Economic Policy
Serednyaki
Seven-Year Plan
Soul Tax
State Enterprise, Law of the
Taxes
Tax, Turnover
JENNIFER B. SPOCK
Eastern Kentucky University
Solovki Monastery
MATTHIAS STADELMANN
University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Germany
Glinka, Mikhail Ivanovich
Mighty Handful
Music
Prokofiev, Sergei Sergeyevich
Rimsky-Korsakov, Nikolai Andreyevich
Shostakovich, Dmitri Dmitrievich
Georgetown University
Dunayevsky, Isaak Osipovich
Gypsymania
MELISSA K. STOCKDALE
University of Oklahoma
Constitutional Democratic Party
SALLY W. STOECKER
American University
Tukhachevsky, Mikhail Nikolayevich
Tupolev, Andrei Nikolayevich
GALE STOKES
Rice University
Communist Information Bureau
ROBERT C. STUART
Rutgers University
Agrarian Reforms
Agriculture
Collective Farm
Collectivization of Agriculture
Goods Famine
Industrialization
Labor Books
Labor Day
Machine Tractor Stations
Scissors Crisis
Sovkhoz
Teleological Planning
Zagotovka
RONALD GRIGOR SUNY
University of Chicago
Baryatinsky, Alexander Ivanovich
People’s Commissariat of Nationalities
Shahumian, Stepan Georgievich
PAUL D. STEEVES
Stetson University
Protestantism
E N C Y C L O P E D I A
RICHARD STITES
O F
R U S S I A N
H I S T O R Y
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C O N T R I B U T O R S
Tiflis
Vorontsov-Dashkov, Illarion Ivanovich
Zhordania, Noe Nikolayevich
Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeyevich
Kozlov, Frol Romanovich
U-2 Spy Plane Incident
MIKHAIL SUPRUN
MARK B. TAUGER
Pomor State University of Arkhangelsk, Russia
Lend Lease
Northern Convoys
Department of History, West Virginia University,
Morgantown
Famine of 1921–1922
Famine of 1932–1933
GERALD D. SURH
North Carolina State University
October General Strike of 1905
PEKKA SUTELA
Helsinki School of Economics and Business
Administration
Banking System, Soviet
GKOs
Monetary Overhang
Monetary System, Soviet
Ruble Control
E. ANTHONY SWIFT
University of Essex
Chapbook Literature
Kustar
People’s Houses
ELIZABETH TEAGUE
Oxford, England
Solidarity Movement
TIMOTHY THOMAS
Ft. Leavenworth, Kansas
KAL 007
JOHN M. THOMPSON
Indiana University
Cabinet of Ministers, Imperial
Communism
Duma
Goremykin, Ivan Longinovich
Rodzianko, Mikhail Vladimirovich
Workers’ Control
GARY THURSTON
FRANK E. SYSYN
University of Alberta
Khmelnitsky, Bohdan
REIN TAAGEPERA
University of California, Irvine, and Tartu
University, Estonia
Finns and Karelians
Komi
Mansi
Sami
Udmurts
University of Rhode Island
Lubok
Ostrovsky, Alexander Nikolayevich
Vekhi
ISOLDE THYRÊT
Kent State University
Glinskaya, Elena Vasilyevna
Paleologue, Sophia
Romanova, Anastasia
VERA TOLZ
University of Salford
Nation and Nationality
RAY TARAS
Tulane University
Dictatorship of the Proletariat
KATE TRANSCHEL
Amherst College
Adzhubei, Alexei Ivanovich
Anti-Party Group
California State University, Chico
Alcoholism
Kaganovich, Lazar Moyseyevich
Kalinin, Mikhail Ivanovich
Kuybyshev, Valerian Vladimirovich
Left Opposition
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E N C Y C L O P E D I A
WILLIAM TAUBMAN
O F
R U S S I A N
H I S T O R Y
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O F
C O N T R I B U T O R S
Lomonosov, Mikhail Vasilievich
Mendeleyev, Dmitry Ivanovich
Pallas, Peter-Simon
Pirogov, Nikolai Ivanovich
Universities
Pytatakov, Georgy Leonidovich
Right Opposition
Twenty-Five Thousanders
United Opposition
Vodka
JOHN D. TREADWAY
REX A. WADE
University of Richmond
Montenegro, Relations with
George Mason University
April Theses
February Revolution
Kerensky, Alexander Fyodorovich
Kornilov Affair
Red Guards
OLGA TSAPINA
The Huntington Library
Enlightenment, Impact of
Freemasonry
WILLIAM G. WAGNER
YURI TULUPENKO
Brown Professor of History, Williams College,
Williamstown, Massachusetts
Marriage and Family Life
Herzen University, St. Petersburg, Russia
Romanticism
GREGORY TWYMAN
PETER WALDRON
Monmouth University
Akhundov, Mirza Fath Ali
Azerbaijan and Azeris
Musavat
Nakhichevan
University of Sunderland
Alexander III
Nicholas II
EDWARD W. WALKER
University of California, Berkeley
Federation Treaties
Referendum of March 1991
Territorial-Administrative Units
TEDDY J. ULDRICKS
University of North Carolina,
Chicherin, Georgy Vasilievich
Genoa Conference
Karakhan Declaration
Kellogg-Briand Pact
League of Nations
JONATHAN D. WALLACE
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
Artek
Refuseniks
Sinyavsky-Daniel Trial
BENJAMIN UROFF
University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
Kotoshikhin, Grigory Karpovich
CHRISTOPHER J. WARD
Ouachita Baptist University
Baikal-Amur Magistral Railway
Helsinki Accords
ELIZABETH K. VALKENIER
Columbia University
Stasov, Vladimir Vasilievich
ILYA VINKOVETSKY
DEREK WATSON
American University in Bulgaria
Bering, Vitus Jonassen
Tsarskoye Selo
Centre for Russian and East European Studies,
University of Birmingham
Council of Ministers, Soviet
Molotov, Vyacheslav Mikhailovich
Nazi-Soviet Pact of 1939
Rykov, Alexei Ivanovich
Socialism in One Country
Sovnarkhozy
ALEXANDER VUCINICH
Berkeley, California
Academy of Sciences
Lobachevsky, Nikolai Ivanovich
E N C Y C L O P E D I A
O F
R U S S I A N
H I S T O R Y
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C O N T R I B U T O R S
Sovnarkom
State Committees
FRANCIS W. WCISLO
Vanderbilt University
Stolypin, Peter Arkadievich
KATHRYN WEATHERSBY
Arlington, Virginia
Korean War
Petrashevtsy
ALBERT L. WEEKS
New York University
Aviation
Bakunin, Mikhail Alexandrovich
Constitution of 1918
Danilevsky, Nikolai Yakovlevich
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich
Katyn Forest Massacre
Nomenklatura
Rachmaninov, Sergei Vasilievich
Second Secretary
Speransky, Mikhail Mikhailovich
Stukach
Supreme Soviet
Tkachev, Petr Nikitich
Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin Eduardovich
Zhukovsky, Nikolai Yegorovich
THEODORE R. WEEKS
Southern Illinois University
Poland
Russification
STEPHEN K. WEGREN
Southern Methodist University
Decree on Land
Land Tenure, Soviet and Post-Soviet
Peasant Economy
Prodnalog
Prodrazverstka
GEORGE G. WEICKHARDT
San Francisco, California
Sudebnik of 1497
Sudebnik of 1550
ROBERT WEINBERG
Swarthmore College
Birobidzhan
Raikin, Arkady Isaakovich
DAVID WETZEL
University of California, Berkeley
Holy Alliance
Tilsit, Treaty of
WILLIAM BENTON WHISENHUNT
College of DuPage
American Relief Administration
JAMES WHITE
University of Glasgow
Ryutin, Martemyan
CYNTHIA HYLA WHITTAKER
Baruch College & The Graduate Center, City
University of New York
Official Nationality
Uvarov, Sergei Semenovich
ELVIRA M. WILBUR
Michigan State University
Appanage Era
Barshchina
Obrok
CHRISTOPHER WILLIAMS
Department of Humanities, University of Central
Lancashire
Cadres Policy
Land and Freedom Party
Lenin’s Testament
Near Abroad
Orgburo
Populism
Presidential Council
Primary Party Organization
Slavophiles
Smolensk Archive
Zaslavskaya, Tatiana Ivanovna
KIERAN WILLIAMS
University of North Carolina
Dedovshchina
Grigorenko, Peter Grigorievich
School of Slavonic and East European Studies,
University College, London
Brezhnev Doctrine
Czechoslovakia, Invasion of
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E N C Y C L O P E D I A
JONATHAN WEILER
O F
R U S S I A N
H I S T O R Y
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L I S T
O F
C O N T R I B U T O R S
ROBERT C. WILLIAMS
DENISE J. YOUNGBLOOD
Davidson College
Bolshevism
Social Democratic Workers Party
University of Vermont
Alexandrov, Grigory Alexandrovich
Chapayev, Vasily Ivanovich
Kuleshov, Lev Vladimirovich
Motion Pictures
Orlova, Lyubov Petrovna
Protazanov, Yakov Alexandrovic
ERIKA WOLF
University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Photography
BENJAMIN ZAJICEK
ELIZABETH A. WOOD
MIT
Armand, Inessa
Krupskaya, Nadezhda Konstantinovna
Zhenotdel
University of Chicago
Cultural Revolution
LARISSA ZAKHAROVA
Moscow State University
Konstantin Nikolayevich
Milyutin, Dmitry Alexeyevich
GEORG WURZER
University of Tuebingen, Germany
Lefortovo
Lubyanka
Prisons
REGINALD E. ZELNIK
University of California, Berkeley
Union of Struggle for the Emancipation of
Labor
Workers
TOVAH YEDLIN
University of Alberta
Gorky, Maxim
ELENA ZEMSKOVA
Russian State University of Humanities
Decembrist Movement and Rebellion
SERHY YEKELCHYK
University of Victoria, Canada
Borotbisty
Cyril and Methodius Society
Hrushevsky, Mikhail Sergeyevich
Shevchenko, Taras Gregorevich
Skrypnyk, Mykola Oleksyovych
Ukraine and Ukrainians
Uniate Church
CHARLES E. ZIEGLER
University of Louisville
Japan, Relations with
Kuril Islands
MARY ZIRIN
IGOR YEYKELIS
University of Melbourne
Local Government and Administration
Potemkin Mutiny
Cal Tech
Durova, Nadezhda Andreyevna
Kovalevskaya, Sofia Vasilievna
MARC D. ZLOTNIK
Central Intelligence Agency
Andropov, Yuri Vladimirovich
Chernenko, Konstantin Ustinovich
ANTHONY YOUNG
University of North Carolina
Moscow, Battle of
E N C Y C L O P E D I A
O F
R U S S I A N
H I S T O R Y
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