Plants
 What do you do when you are hungry?
 How do you get food?
 Where do plants get food? Can they drive to the store or
walk to the pantry when they are hungry? How do plants
make their own food?
Photosynthesis
Structures of a Plant
 Root: the part of the plant responsible for holding it in place, absorbing
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water and nutrients and storing extra food.
Stem: the main body of the plant that supports the leaf arrangement.
Leaves: flat structures attached to stems that are responsible for making
food.
Shoot System: the above ground part of a plant that includes the
vascular tissue, stem, leaves and flowers.
Xylem: transports water and minerals from roots up through the whole
plant.
Phloem: transports food from the leaves to the whole plant.
Stomata: tiny openings in the epidermis of a leaf that allow gas
exchange to release extra water.
How do the xylem and phloem work?
Differences & Comparisons
Xylem
• Transports water and minerals from
roots to parts of the plant.
• Only moves up the plant’s stem.
• Present in roots, stem and leaves.
Phloem
• Transports food and nutrients like sugar
and amino acids.
• Moves up or down the plant’s stem
• Present in roots, stem and leaves.
Photosynthesis
 Chloroplasts: a cell part within a plant that contains chlorophyll and is
where photosynthesis occurs.
 Photosynthesis: a process in which plants use energy from the sun, carbon
dioxide and water to make food.
Equation
Sunlight (energy) + Water + Carbon Dioxide  Glucose + Oxygen
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis Review
 Get materials needed from environment
 Water through from soil through their roots; Carbon dioxide
through small pores on underside of leaf called stomata
 Plant moves water and carbon dioxide to the chloroplasts of
the leaf cells; chloroplasts contain chlorophyll (green pigment that
traps light energy)
 The chloroplasts use light energy to break down the water and
carbon dioxide, then the plant cell joins substances together to make
glucose
 Glucose is energy rich sugar used as a source of energy
What else does photosynthesis do?
 Provides energy for most living things; when an animal eats a
plant energy stored is the plant is transferred to the animal; if
the animal is eaten, the energy is transferred again
 Photosynthesis also provides us with the oxygen we need to
breath
Photosynthesis Activity
 Photosynthesis Recipe Card
 On your recipe card write out the recipe of how plants make
food.
 Be sure to include the ingredients required and the process
(steps) involved in photosynthesis.
Cellular Respiration
 Once plants make sugar, they must break it down to release
the energy it contains; Cellular respiration is the process by
which cells break down sugar to release energy
 The cells of all organisms perform cellular respiration
 During cellular respiration, a plant uses some of the oxygen
produced during photosynthesis:
Equation
Glucose + Oxygen  Energy + Water + Carbon Dioxide
Transpiration
 The process of a plant releasing excess water through the
stomata.
Bell Work
What are three stimuli that can
affect a plant’s growth and/or
movement?
Write you answer in your
notebook, in a complete sentence.
Tropism
 Movement or growth in response to a stimulus.
Positive and Negative Tropism
 Positive Tropism-movement or growth toward a stimulus
 Negative Tropism-movement or growth away from a
stimulus
Phototropism
 Movement or growth in response to light.
Remember:
Movement TOWARD
the stimulus (light) =
Positive Phototropism
Example = Stems
Movement AWAY from
the stimulus (light) =
Negative Phototropism
Example = Roots
Phototropism Time Lapse
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g8mr0R3ibPU
Geotropism (Gravitropism)
 Movement or growth in response to Earth’s gravity.
Geo
=
Earth
Roots =
Positive Geotropism
Geotropism (Gravitropism) Vs.
Phototropism Time Lapse
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RzD4skFeJ7Y
Hydrotropism
 Movement or growth in response to water.
Roots grow
TOWARD
the stimulus
(water) =
Positive
Hydrotropism.
A
plant's
movement
In
response
To
water.
Hydrotropism Time Lapse
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=inuPFr7doIU
Tropisms occur when plants respond to external
stimuli.
Tropisms are movements caused by a change in a
plant’s growth pattern.
Tropisms can be negative or positive.
If the plant moves toward the stimulus, the
tropism is positive.
If the plant moves away from the stimulus, the
tropism is negative.
We discussed three types of tropisms:
Hydrotropism-response to water
Geotropism (gravitropism)-response to Earth’s
gravity
Phototropism-response to light
Answer questions 1-3 in your notebook. Use complete sentences.
Question #1:
Question #2:
Question #3: