The Atlantic World
Chapter 20
Section 1: Spain Build and
American Empire
The Voyages of Columbus
1492 the Nina, Pinta and Santa Maria sailed out of a
Spanish port
Columbus thought he was in East India, really in the
Bahamas in the Caribbean
Wanted to find gold, staked claim to the islands and
returned to Spain
Columbus voyages
Columbus voyages
The Spanish crown sent Columbus back to establish colonies
(- lands that are controlled by another nation) and sent him
back with 17 ships and over 1,000 soldiers
Other Explorers
Cabral and Vespucci both sailed for Portugal, they thought
they had reached Asia but it was really South America.
America is named after Amerigo Vespucci
Magellan: with 250 men and 5 ships sailed around the world
going around the tip of South America. Magellan died on trip
and only one ship and only 18 men made it back and it took 3
years.
Spanish Conquest in Mexico
Cortez (who we know went to battle with the Aztecs) claimed Mexico
for Spain
By the 16th century Spain had conquered much of South America
Spain’s Pattern of Conquest: Spanish settlers to the Americas were
mostly men called peninsulares. These men married or had children
with local women and created a mestizo (or mixed Spanish and Native
American) population. The Spanish used encomienda (where natives
labored for the peninsulares like slaves)
Cortes
Portuguese in Brazil
Cabral named Brazil for Portugal. Settlers did not find much
gold or silver so they began to grow sugar which was in high
demand in Europe
Spain’s Influence Expands
The Spanish colonies helped make it the richest most
powerful nation in the 16th century
Ponce de Leon landed in Florida and claimed it for Spain
Spain also claimed Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma,
and Kansas
Catholic priest help to colonize the Americans
The priest and natives disliked the treatment of the natives
and they began to rise up against Spanish rule
Sec. 1 question
Why did Spain become so powerful during the 16th Century?
Section 4 Columbian Exchange
and Global Trade
The colonization of the Americas dramatically changed the
world. It prompted both voluntary and forced migration of
millions of people
Colonization resulted in the exchange of ideas and goods
Columbian Exchange - the global transfer of foods, plants and
animals during the colonization of the Americas
Columbian Exchange
From the America to Europe, Africa and Asia: squash, sweet
potato, avocado, peppers, peanut, potato, tomato, corn,
tobacco, pumpkin, turkey, pineapple, cacao bean, beans,
vanilla
From Europe, Africa and Asia to the America: cattle, sheep,
pig, horse, wheat, rice, barley, oats, disease, peach, sugar cane,
honeybee, banana, grape, citrus fruits, onion, olive, turnip,
coffee beans,
The rise of capitalism
capitalism- the economic system based on the private
ownership and the investment of resources, such as money,
for profit.
No longer were governments the sole owners of wealth
The money supply increase which caused inflation
joint stock company much like today’s corporations, investors
would buy shares of stock in the company.
each country wanted a favorable balance of trade
Section 4 Question
What were some of the positive and negative consequences of
the Columbian Exchange?