CHAPTER TWO
LOCAL POTTERY OF THE PERSIAN PERIOD
Ephraim Stern
INTRODUCTION
A surprisingly meager quantity of local pottery of the Persian period was discovered in Areas A and C of Tel Dor. Still
more surprising was the lack of diversity in the ceramic repertoire, even if we take into account the relatively small
extent of the excavated areas. The low reliability of conclusions drawn from such sparse finds can be demonstrated by
our excavations. Almost all the types absent from Areas A
and C were encountered in the other excavated areas: B, D,
E, F, and G. It therefore appears that the ceramic repertoire
of Areas A and Cis a result of chance, or perhaps of the limited size of the excavated area or its special character of small
units of residential buildings.
Generally speaking, none of the pottery vessels found in
these areas can be considered new types; all belong to types
dealt with by the present writer in 1982 in his typological
discussion of the pottery of the Persian period (Stern 1982).
For this reason the present discussion will follow the outlines
of the previous study.
Since the publication of the above-mentioned study,
many more large-scale excavations have been conducted
and their material published, including a number from the
area of Dor. Since this material did not appear in the 1982
publication, we have taken the opportunity to include their
results here and to discuss their contribution to pottery
typology in general. The newly excavated sites in the vicinity
ofTel Dorwhose finds will be discussed here are Tell Keisan,
Yoqne'am, Tell Qiri, Tel Michal, Qadum, and Shechem.
It can be stated with confidence that our study of 1982 is
still valid and that, with the exception of a number of new
types unknown at that time, all our conclusions regarding
typology and chronology have proved correct. Moreover,
the new finds from recent excavations, including those of
Dor, have in fact strengthened our previous conclusions.
Our observations as to the regional character of several of
the ceramic types have also withstood the test oftime, and
some of them have been finally proven.
We shall mention here only two examples. The Phoenician jars ofType F, which were attributed to the Sharon and
Carmel coast, were uncovered at Tel Michal in a kiln in the
process of manufacture (Stern 1982: 104-105, Fig. 142;
Herzog 1989: 102-103, Fig. 8.14, Pis. 30, 63: 1-5). The other
example is that of jugs of Type H which were attributed to
the same region (Stern 1982: 117, Fig. 172); though these
were found in large concentrations at Qadum near Samaria,
they also occur at Dor and Tel Michal, but are completely
absent from other regions.
The following typological discussion differs from our previous summary in two respects. The imported East Greek
and Attic vessels have been omitted and are dealt with in
separate chapters (see below, Chapters 3-4). We have therefore also excluded all the undecorated vessels of Greek
origin, such as wine jars and amphorae, which were dealt
with in the 1982 study. We have, however, included those
vessels which we consider to have been of foreign origin in our view Rhodian, but in the opinion of other scholars
Cypriot - but in the course oftime were absorbed into the
local repertoire and were locally produced in great quantities. Such vessels include the well-known 'Persian bowls' and
'basket jars.'
Our discussion of the pottery will proceed in the usual
order, beginning with the open vessels and continuing with
the closed. In addition to the typological discussion, the
reader will find at the end of the chapter the material from
selected loci arranged by area and phase, in which the other
finds are presented together with the pottery. This presentation also illustrates the gradual development of the pottery
from phase to phase which was noted in the field.
BOWLS (Fig. 2.1)
It is already evident that ordinary bowls are very poorly represented at Dor, both in number and in variety of types. We
have already noted a similar phenomenon at the neighboring Tel Mevorakh (Stern 1978: 30); this is also the case at the
recent excavations at Tell Qiri (Ben-Tor and Portugali 1987:
18) and to an even more marked degree at Tel Michal
(Herzog 1989: 139).
The reason is difficult to determine. In the final report of
the Tel Mevorakh excavations, we offered the following
explanation: 'The sparsity of the bowl types seems to stem
from the fact that all the Persian vessels at the site belong to
the later part of the period' (Stern 1978: 30). Their absence
at Dor, however, cannot be similarly explained. It is possible
that the difficulty is a technical one, namely that we did not
succeed in collecting all the small sherds of these bowls and
thus could not estimate their numbers accurately. Alternatively, the reason may be connected with the coastal or
regional location of the site. Whatever the case may be, as at
Tel Mevorakh, four classes of bowls can be distinguished:
A. Large and small bowls with rounded walls and
inverted rims (Fig. 2.1:1-2, 8).
B. Large and small bowls with ledge rims (Fig.2.1 :3-5).
C. Large and small bowls with rounded walls (Fig. 2.1 :7).
D. Carinated bowls (Fig. 2.1 :9).
51
~17
I
3
5
4
\~
I7
2
J
6
8
7
9
0
5
10
15CM
Fig. 2.1. Bowls.
No. Reg. No.
I.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
46627/2
11823111
1189711
11897/2
11956/1
43065/2
43065/1
11650
11694/4
Locus
Area
4668
!227
1237
1237
1242
4301
4301
1197
1206
Phase
Description
C2
6b
AI
AI
AI
AI
7
7/8
7/8
7/9
5 +topsoil
5 +topsoil
6a?/5c?
Light red clay (2.5YR 6/8). Large and small white and shiny grit~
Red-brown clay (2.5YR 5/6). Many white grits.
Red-brown clay (2.5YR 5/6). White and gray grits.
Red-brown clay (2.5YR 5/6). Many minute white grits.
Yellowish red clay (5YR 5/8). White and gray grits.
Light red clay (2.5YR 6/8). Many minute white grits.
Reddish yellow clay (7.5YR 8/6). Smooth white surface. Very fe,
white grits.
Brownish yellow clay (I OYR 6/6). Many white and gray grits.
Cl
Cl
AI
AI
6(b'!/c?)
This classification is also valid for the finds at Tel Dor,
with the addition of Type E, a new type which may be a local
imitation of the Attic fish plate (Fig. 2.1 :6).
Qiri and Tell Keisan (Ben-Tor and Portugali 1987: 18, Fig
2:24-25; Briend and Humbert 1980: Pl. 20:22), as well as a
Yoqne'am (Ben-Tor eta/. !983: 45, Fig. 8:5); it dates fron
the 5th-4th centuries BCE.
Type A
Flat bowl with disk base, rounded wall, and inverted rim
(Fig. 2.1: l-2) (Stern 1982: 95-96, Fig. 118, Type B l; Stern
and Magen 1984: 116, Fig. 5: I). This type was common in
all parts of the country throughout the Persian period. Our
examples come from the earlier part of the period.
Fig. 2.1:8 is a small bowl with high to low disk base,
rounded wall, and sharply inverted rim (Stern 1982: 94, Fig.
112, Type AI). Examples have also been uncovered in the
new excavations at Tell Qiri (Ben-Tor and Portugali 1987:
18, Fig. 2:23), Tell Keisan (Briend and Humbert !980: Pl.
20:6), Tel Michal (Herzog 1989: 141, Fig. 9.16.4), and
Yoqne'am (Ben-Tor et a/. 1983: 45, Fig. 8.4). The bowl
resembles its larger predecessor, but most examples occur in
contexts dating from the mid-5th to the end of the 4th centuries BCE. The smaller type is undoubtedly a copy of an
Attic prototype.
TypeB
Bowl with ledge rim (Fig. 2.1 :3-5) (Stern 1982: 94, Fig. 14,
Type A3). It is also found in the recent excavations at Tell
52
TypeC
Bowl with high to low disk base, rounded wall, and rounc
upright rim (Fig. 2.1 :7) (Stern 1982: Type A2). It dates fron
the 5th-4th centuries BCE, and was also found at Yoqne'an
(Ben-Tor eta/. 1983: 45, Fig. 8:6).
TypeD
Bowl of a well-known type, whose characteristic feature is '
fairly sharp carination of the wall (Fig. 2.1 :9). The bow
appears in a wide range of variations in the base, which i'
sometimes convex (as in our case) and sometimes flat or'
concave disk. Parallels from other sites indicate that it wa'
widely distributed throughout Palestine during the entin
Persian period (Stern 1982: 95, Fig. 116, Type A-5). Thi'
bowl is well represented at Qadum, where it is ascribed tc
the second half of the 5th century BCE (Stern and Mager
1984: 16, Fig. 5:4-7), and at Tell Qiri (Ben-Tor anc
Portugali !987: 18, Fig. 2:26), where it is dated to the sam(
period. Our bowl comes from Area AI, phase 6, which i'
attributed to the 4th century BCE.
TypeE
'his type (Fig. 2. I :6) is clearly an imitation of the Attic fish
late, which is usually considered to belong to the Hellenistic
eriod (Herzog 1989: 139, Fig. 9.16.3), At Dor, however,
~is vessel seems to make its appearance at the end of the 4th
entury BCE.
MORTARIA (Fig. 2.2)
Ve have already discussed at length the chronology and ori-
in of these heavy bowls (Stern 1982: 96-98, Figs. 119-121,
'ype B-5). In the meantime, however, many additional
xamples of this type have been found in all recent excavaions of sites containing strata of the Persian period. The
ites in the vicinity of Dor at which these bowls appear are
'ell Keisan (Briend and Humbert 1980: Pl. 20:16-19, 31),
~ell Qiri (Ben-Tor and Portugali 1987: Fig. 3:1-12),
{oqne'am (Ben-Tor et a/. 1983: 45-46, Figs. 8:9-10,
1:1-14), Qadum (Stern and Magen 1984: 16, Fig. 5:9-15),
rei Michal (Herzog 1989: 139, 141, Fig. 9.16.1-2), and Tell
~asile (Mazar 1985: 128, Fig. 58:3-4).
None of the new finds have altered the general picture
vhich emerged from our previous discussion. The mortaria
1t Tell Keisan are attributed to Stratum 4 and those at Tell
~asile to Stratum VII. Both of these strata are dated to the
:nd of the Iron Age (end of the 7th and beginning of the 6th
:enturies BCE). At these sites only the flat-based type, of
ight greenish material with rim attached to the wall, occurs.
rhis type is now well known from late Iron Age sites in the
:outhern part of the country, such as Ashdod, Tel Masos.
Beersheba, Arad, and 'En Gedi (Aharoni and Aharoni
197 6). It is now also certain that most of these early vessels
are either East Greek imports (in the opinion of the present
writer) or Cypriot (according to other scholars).
Most of the mortaria discovered in Stratum 4 at Tell
Keisan are identical, though a few variations occur, such as
everted rims, which are also found at Dor (see below). The
mortaria from Tell Keisan differ from the type common in
the 5th-4th centuries BCE, as is evident from the majority
of the recently excavated sites containing strata from this
period, where mortaria appear with both flat bases and ring
bases.
Against this background, it is strange that at Tel Michal,
which is a coastal site, not a single bowl of the flat-based type
has been reported, and the only finds are the regular late
bowls with ring base which were dated to the late 6th century
BCE. This sequence, however, contradicts the evidence
from all the other Palestinian sites. A possible explanation
for this is that the majority of the finds consisted of rims and
walls, many of which may have belonged to the flat-based
type, though their presence was not reflected in the report.
The only flat-based type included in the Tel Michal report
belongs to a relatively rare type which is characterized by a
ledge, or more precisely a knob handle (Herzog 1989: Fig.
9.16.2), for which analogies are known only from coastal
sites such as Shiqmona (Stern 1982: 96, Fig. 120, Type B5a),
Tel Megadim (Stern 1982: Fig. 4:21 ), Tel Mevorakh (Stern
1978: Fig. 4:21), and a Persian period fortress near Ashdod
(Porath 1974: Fig. 4:3, Pl. XII:2). Even more unacceptable
is the excavators' assertion that mortaria ceased to exist at
Tel Michal in Stratum VI (350-300 BCE). This too must be
Fig. 2.2. Mortaria.
Vo. Reg. No.
Locus
Area
Phase
Description
I. 44678/1
4673
C2
6b(l7')
Yellow pink clay ( 1OYR 8/6). Pale yellow surface (2.5Y 8/4). Many
2.
1185/3
43
AO
7+8
3.
4.
11944/9
11862/1
1243
1232
AI
AI
8?+9?
7(+8?)
5. 46685/4
4675
C2
6b
white grits.
Reddish yellow clay (7.5YR 6/6). Pale yellow surface (2.5Y 8/4).
Gray grits.
Pale yellow clay (2.5Y 8/4). Tiny brown grits.
Light gray clay (2.5Y N7). Very light olive-white surface(2.5Y 8/2).
Minute gray and mica grits.
11959/6
1241
AI
7
7. 46510/4
4626
C2
5/6
8. 46589111
4661
C2
6a
9. 46628110
10. 110511
II. 48490
4668
33
4911
C2
6b
6a
4b
12. 5407/2
13. 46652/12
663
4668
co
C2
6(/5?)
6b
33
27
AO
AO
6a
5(b?)
4622
4628
33
4816
C2
C2
AO
5b
5b
6a
Cl
Later than 4
6.
14.
15.
111011
109211
16. 46277112
17. 46351/3
18. 1117/4
19. 48124/1
AO
Cl
Pink clay (7 .5YR 7/4). Pale yellow-olive surface (2.5Y 8/4). Many
white, gray, and pink grits.
Pale yellow clay (2.5Y 8/4). Very few mica and gray grits. Horizontal burnish outside.
Reddish yellow clay (7.5YR 6/6). White horizontal wash inside.
Many white and beige grits.
Dark yellowish red clay (5YR 5!6). White horizontal wash inside.
Few minute gray and beige grits.
Red clay (2.5YR 5/8). Light pink surface. Very few gray grits.
Red clay (2.5YR 5/8). Minute white grits.
Reddish yellow clay (7.5YR 6/6). Many large and small white,
brown, and dark gray grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 6/6). Minute mica and red grits.
Reddish yellow clay (7.5YR 7/6). Smooth light pink surface. Many
white grits.
Pale yellow-olive clay (2.5Y 7/4). Gray and many small white grits.
Reddish yellow clay (7.5YR 6/6). Pale yellow-olive surface (2.5Y
7/4). Many small white and gray grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 5/4). Many large white and gray grits.
Pale yellow clay (2.5Y 7/4). Many small white and few gray grits.
Pale yellow clay (2.5Y 7/4). Many small while and few gray grits.
Reddish gray clay (5YR 5/2). Few white grits.
53
\
"(
~I
7
~~
\
/
I
II
"'
2
~
51'
4
3
c::;
~
II
7
6
5
7
8
10
g
12
11
~··-
I
13
c
c
'-
""
16
~
15
14
~
7
7
17
E-
~
~-
18
...
I~
6
1"
19
Fig. 2.2.
54
I ~
)-
0
5
10
15CM
onsidered a mere coincidence since it contradicts all the
ther recent evidence. Moreover, there can be no doubt
1at the mortaria continue (in a different form) into the Helmistic and Roman periods (see discussions in Chapter 6).
At Tel Dorwe have uncovered all the known types, includ1g the earlier imported mortaria of light greenish clay, the
Jcally produced heavy mortaria with flat base (Fig. 2.2:9,
1-12) or ring base (Fig. 2.2:14-15), as well as the version
1ith knob handle (Fig. 2.2: 13). The sequence here is in com,Jete conformity with the development reconstructed by the
•resent writer in the previous treatments mentioned above.
KRATERS (Fig. 2.3)
!lost of the kraters shown in Fig. 2.3 were found as quite
mall fragments which prevented their secure attribution to
specific type. It is evident, however, on the basis of the rim
hapes alone that the number of types was quite large. In
.en era!, we can assume that they belong to the usual kraters
•fthe period, which are found in large numbers at other Palstinian sites (Stern 1982: 99-100, Figs. 123-125). It
.ppears that the majority are local types with vertical rather
han horizontal handles, though some may also belong to the
alter type. Most of them are made of light-colored, wellevigated clay.
In addition to the above group, two other types were
i:mnd. One (Fig. 2.3: I 0) has heavy walls with grooves
>eneath the rim and a pair of handles on the upper part. This
•esse! has analogies at other sites. The second type (Fig.
!.3: II) is a holemouth krater with a short wide neck, everted
ing rim, typical balloon-like body and round base. This
crater is known so far only from sites located in the vicinity
>f Dor: Shiqmona (Elgavish 1968: Pl. 32:3, 5), Tel
v!evorakh (Stern 1978: Fig. 5:4, Pl. 23:7), and recently also
)amaria (evidently from Wadi ed-Daliyeh; Lapp and Lapp
. 974: Fig. I 0:2). The latter site also provides us with a fairly
·eJiable date (375-335 BCE).
The kraters from Dor differ somewhat from the usual type
n having an everted rim and concave disk base rather than
he usual convex one, but they nonetheless clearly belong to
he same family. At Dor, as at the other sites, the
;tratigraphic contexts point to a date in the later part of the
'ersian period.
In recent years large numbers ofkraters have come to light
n Persian period contexts, some of them ofknown types and
Jthers new. They come from Tell Keisan (Briend and
Clumbert 1980: Pl. 20:22), Yoqne'am and Tell Qiri (Ben-Tor
md Portugali 1983: 47, Fig. 9:56; Ben-Tor and Portugali
1987: 18-19, 21, Photo 4, Fig. 3:13), Tel Mevorakh (Stern
1978: 31-32, Fig. 5: 1-7), Tel Michal (Herzog 1989: 120, Fig.
l.2.3; 130, Fig. 9.8.1), and Qadum (Stern and Magen 1984:
19, Fig. 6).
known from Phoenicia. The chronological contexts indicate
that they were especially popular in the 5th and 4th centuries
BCE. It should be noted that the most common cooking pot
was of medium size.
The cooking pots of this type discovered prior to 1982
have previously been discussed by the present writer (Stern
1982: 100-101, Figs. 129-32, Types B-D). The finds from
Dor corroborate our conclusions regarding their distribution and date. Indeed, since then many other similar cooking
pots have been uncovered at other sites, such as Qadum
(Stern and Magen 1984: 19, Fig. 7: 1-13), Tell Qiri (Ben-Tor
and Portugali 1987:19, Fig.4: 1-13), and Tel Michal (Herzog
1989: Fig. 9.16.5).
In summing up the cooking pots at Tel Michal (which were
exclusively of this type), the excavators arrived at the conclusion that during the Persian period the general profile
remains unchanged, though the rim which was originally triangular in section later becomes straighter and thinner. This
conclusion is not supported by the evidence from Dor.
The small cooking pot with handles extending from rim
to shoulder, carinated body, and pointed convex base (Fig.
2.4: 16) is a rare type (Stern 1982: 101-102, Fig. 134, Type
F). So far it has been uncovered in only three other sites, all
of them close to Dor on the Carmel coast: 'Atlit, Tel
Megadim, and Tel Mevorakh (Stern 1982: 101-102, Fig.
134, Type F). In the shape of the body and the handles, it
shows affinities with vessels of the Hellenistic period
(though it lacks the characteristic ribbing). At all the sites
this pot appeared in contexts of the 5th and 4th centuries
BCE. The example from Dor comes from Area C2, phases
6-7, dated to the 6th-5th centuries BCE. It seems that a
date within the 5th century would be appropriate.
The medium-sized cooking pot (Fig. 2.4: 17) is distinguished from the others by the absence of handles rather
than the shape of the body. Though it is frequently encountered in the Palestinian assemblages of the period from the
interior of the country (Stern 1982: 101, Fig. 135; 102, Type
G, with additional parallels), Doris the first site on the coast
at which its appearance has been reported. This pot differs
from the others in the dark red color of its clay, which is characteristic of the cooking pots of the coast, and also in its thin
walls. At other sites it dates from the 6th-4th centuries BCE.
Its context at Dor indicates a date in the early part of this period.
The vessel shown in Figure 2.4:15 might be considered a
carinated bowl of the usual type imitating a Persian metal
bowl were it not for its typical cooking pot material (Stern
1982: 95, Fig. 116, Type A-5). As such, however, it has no
parallels. Its discovery in Area C2, phase 5b, points to a date
in the 4th century BCE; it may however be a redeposition,
as most of the carinated bowls are somewhat earlier.
COOKING POTS (Fig. 2.4:5-17)
LIDS (Fig. 2.4:1-4)
fhe most common types of cooking pots of the Persian period, shown in Fig. 2.4:5-14, are characterized by wide necks
md rims that are either upright or angled straight outwards
:'shelf rims'). The handles are rounded and somewhat
raised, and the bodies very round and swollen. The base is
:on vex to flat. These cooking pots are extremely common in
both southern and northern Palestine, and parallels are also
Four lids of cooking pots from Persian period levels at Dor
are shown in Fig. 2.4: 1-4. A survey of the cooking pots discovered at Palestinian sites reveals that some were equipped
with lids. Complete pots often have a small depression
around the rim to receive the lid. Cooking pots with lids are
known from Samaria, Gezer, Tell en-Nasbeh, and 'En Gedi.
At all these sites, the lids had the same dome-like shape
55
r
t
7
~
\
2
((3F
(
))fz
~~---
II
\
'/
3
' i/
--p:-
-------~,
·\
''
4
5
""
~
7'
6
~-
7'
8
7
9
11
10
0
5
10
15CM
Fig. 2.3. Kraters.
No. Reg. No.
I. 46607/10
2. 46627/3
3. 11818/4
4, 11823
5, 11683/3
6. 11713
Locus
Area
Phase
Description
4666
4668
1226
1227
1206
1204
C2
C2
6b
6b
7
7
6(b?/c?)
6b+c
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 6/0). Beige and some shiny grits.
Yellowish red clay (5YR 5/8). Tiny gray and shiny grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 6/6). Many gray and white grits.
Dark brown clay (IOYR 3/3). Many large and small white grits.
Reddish yellowclay(5YR 6/6). Many small white and shiny grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 6/6). Light yellow surface. Red and gray
grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 6/6). Few red-brown grits.
Yellowish red clay (5YR 5/6). Tiny shiny and gray grits.
Pinkish gray clay (5YR 6/2). Light surface. Many white grits.
Gray clay (lOYR 6/1). Light reddish brown surface. Many large
gray and white grits.
Light gray clay (5YR 7/1). Light brown surface. Many large and
small white grits.
AI
AI
AI
AI
11654
46581/7
4631111
11741
1196
4661
4623
1216
AI
6a?/5c?
C2
C2
6a
AI
5(b?)(+6?)
6c
II. 4834811
4886
Cl
4b
7.
8.
9,
10.
56
.~
~-J,
2
3
1
4
....
7
6
8
5
9
10
11
-
14
13
12
I
-Q)
--=)
15
16
17
0
5
10
15CM
Fig. 2.4. Lids (1-4) and cooking pots (5-17).
Locus
Area
Phase
Description
I. 43152
2. 11691/6
3. 5089/4
4. 48470112
5. 11939
4318
1198
630
4907
1242
Cl
co
AI
5b
5 or later
5
4b
7 or later
11947
1242
AI
7 or later
AO
6b
6b
Red-brown clay (2.5YR 4/6). Many white grits.
Red-brown clay (2.5YR 5/8). Some white grits.
Dark red-brown clay (2.5YR 3/6). Some' beige and shiny grits.
Reddish yellow clay (SYR 7/6). Some white grits.
Red-orange clay (2.5YR 5/8). Large brown and small gray and
shiny grits.
Red-brown clay(2.5YR 4/6). Large brown and small gray and shiny
grits.
Dark red-brown clay (2.5YR 3/6). Many small gray and shiny grits.
Red-orange clay (2. 5YR 5/8). Gray and shiny grits.
Red-orange clay (2.5YR 5/8). Large brown and small white grits.
Dark red-brown clay (2.5YR 3/6). Many gray grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 6/6). Many small white and shiny grits.
Red-brown clay (2.5YR 4/6). Many small white and mica grits.
Very dark gray clay (5YR 3/1). Many white and shiny grits.
Reddish brown clay (2.5YR 4/4). Many white grits.
Red-brown clay (2.5YR 4/6). Many small gray and white grits.
Pale yellow clay (2.5Y 8/4). Beige and gray grits.
Dark reddish brown clay (2.5YR 3/4). Some white and gray grits.
Much straw mixed with clay.
Vo. Reg. No.
6.
7. 115711
8. 46652/4
9. 1169211
10. 1110/7
II. 11696/2
12. 4096111
13. 11623/12
14. 40944/1
15. 46416/4
16. 46599
17. 11983/2
33
4668
1204
33
1183
4199
1193
4229
4628
4657
1235
AI
Cl
C2
AI
AO
AI
co
AI
co
C2
C2
AI
6b+c
6a
5b?(+6a?/5c?)
5
5b?l6'
6(b')
5b
6(+ 7?)
7(+8')
57
(Stern 1982: 102-103, Fig. 133, Type E; Stern 1978: 33, Fig.
5: 13).
A lid very similar to two lids from Dor (Nos. 1-2), which
is also conical, has a knob handle, and dates from the 4th
century BCE, was recently found at Tel Michal (Herzog
1989: 135-36, Fig. 9.13.15).
Cooking pots with lids were quite rare prior to the Persian
period; their popularity began in the Hellenistic age. Our lids
can be considered early prototypes of the later Hellenistic
and Roman vessels, an assumption strengthened by the
finds at Dor, since all the lids shown here were uncovered in
a 4th-century BCE context.
five complete specimens of the type were found in the pc
tery kiln of the lower city it is without doubt a local prodw
(Herzog 1989: 100-103, Fig. 8.14, Pis. 30-32, 63:1-5).
Other newly excavated sites in which large numbers ofth
jar type were uncovered are located in the vicinity of De
such as Qadum (Stern and Magen 1984: 19, Fig. 8:;
Yoqne'am and Tell Qiri (Ben-Tor eta/. 1978: 75, Fig. 9:
Ben-Tor eta/. 1983: 45-46, Fig. 8:2; Ben-Tor and Portugi
1987:21, Photo 4, Fig. 4:9), and Tell Keisan. However,
Tell Keisan the dates are rather anomalous: one grot
(Briend and Humbert 1980: Pl. 8) is attributed to Stratu:
2, i.e., from 380 BCE to the Hellenistic period, and the oth1
to Stratum 4 (Briend and Humbert 1980: Pl. 25:6, 9), date
to the 7th-6th centuries BCE; there is undoubtedly sorr
.JARS
error here.
It can be observed that in this jar type, as in all other typ<
Holemouth Jars (Fig. 2.5:1-3)
Under this category we may have combined two separate
types of vessels which share a common grooved rim. Strictly
speaking, only No. I should be considered ajar. This type is
also known from other sites (Stern 1982: 103, Fig. !38, Type
C). One was recently found at Tel Mevorakh (Stern 1978:
35, Fig. 8:17-19, Pl. 26:1-4); it also has a grooved rim but
differs in details of the body.
Of the other two vessels (Nos. 2-3), only their rims have
survived. Though they belong to the holemouth group, they
are in fact kraters. This vessel generally has two to four vertical handles extending from the rim to the body, or on the
wall, and swollen, rounded bodies. Typical features of this
type are grooved handles and rims. This vessel is known so
far from two other sites: Tel Mevorakh and a Persian period
fortress situated north of Ashdod (Stern 1982: 99, Type 2b;
Stern 1978:32, Fig. 5:5-6, Pl. 23:5; Porath 1974: Fig. 4:13,
Pl. XII:5), both dating from the 5th-4th centuries BCE. Others have recently been found at Qadum in a similar context
(Stern and Magen 1984: 19; Fig. 6:4-6).
Jar with Cylindrical Neck, Rounded Body, and Pointed
Base (Fig. 2.6)
This jar was found in Area AI, phase Sa, and should thus be
dated to the later part of the 4th century BCE. The example
shown here was reconstructed, but many others (not shown
here) were also found. Our examples have a short cylindrical
neck, slanted shoulders, and a base varying from very convex to sharp. The handles extend from the shoulders to the
walls, which slant at various angles and are often wavy. An
examination of the distribution of this type indicates that
most examples come from northern and central Israel and
the Sharon coast. Many others have been salvaged from the
sea. At all these sites they are dated from the end of the 6th
to the 4th centuries BCE.
These jars were dealt with in the present writer's previous
summary (Stern 1982: 104-105, Fig. 142, Type Fl); since
its publication many more examples have come to light from
the chronological and regional contexts discussed there.
Especially large numbers have been published from Tel
Michal, where they served as both storage and burial jars
throughout the Persian period (Herzog 1989: 139-42, Fig.
9.17.1, Pis. 61-63). Indeed, the assumption made in the
above study that these vessels were produced in the Sharon
coastal area received its final confirmation at this site: 'Since
58
of the entire Persian period, the shape of the body undergo<
a change from a pointed base and straight walls to a sacl
shaped body.
Flat-shouldered Jars (Figs. 2.7-8)
This is a large family of jars frequently encountered '
almost all sites containing Persian period material in th
Galilee and the coastal plain. They are also common alon
the shores of the eastern Mediterranean, from norther
Syria to Egypt, as well as in Cyprus and Rhodes. Jars of th1
type were also uncovered in the Punic settlements in th
western Mediterranean and evidently served as the predorr
inant container in the widespread Phoenician marine trade.
The main features of these jars are a broad flat shoulde
set at a sharp angle to the wall, a wide mouth, a very sh01
neck, a short straight rim, sometimes serving as both rim an'
neck, and a pair of handles carelessly attached from th
shoulder to the wall and often twisted (Artzy 1980).
These features are common to all the jars of this famil;
but eight to ten subtypes exhibiting minor variations in th
shape of the bases can be distinguished.
The above description holds for-the entire jar family tha
was designated Family H in our previous summary of th
pottery vessels of the Persian period in Palestine (Sten
1982: I 07-10, Figs. 14 7-55). At Dor sherds of many dozens
if not hundreds, of jars of this family were recovered fron
Areas A and C. As at the other coastal sites, this was withou
doubt the most common type of jar in this period. Man:
more were also later found in the other excavated areas a
Dor. Only a few of these could be restored, since many o
them were preserved only as sherds of bases, but the large
number of shoulder and rim sherds made it possible t<
divide them into two main types: Type H-6 (Stern 1982: I 08
hg. 152), with biconical body, and Type H-8, with sack
shaped body (Stern 1982: I 08, Fig. !54).
In recent years many more jars of this family have beer
uncovered in newly excavated Galilean and coastal sites
Among these sites were Tell Keisan (Briend and Humber
1980: Pis. !8: 1-11, 25:1-8, 26-27), Tell Qiri and Yoqne'arr
(Ben-Tor and Portugali 1987: Fig. 4:10-14; Ben-Tor eta/
1987: photo on p. 8), a shipwreck off the beach at Ma'agar
Mikhael (Linder 1991: 43), Tel Michal (Herzog 1989: 141
Fig. 9.17.3), as well as in new excavations along the southerr
coast, such as Ashkelon, Tell el-Hesi, Tel Sera', Tel Haror
and Tel Qatif, which are still unpublished. Large numben
r
1
1
/
2
3
0
5
10
15CM
Fig. 2.5. Holemouth jars.
No. Reg. No.
Locus
Area
Phase
Description
I.
11970
1244
AI
7 or later
2.
3.
46353/2
4805211
4627
4809
C2
Cl
5+6a
Later than 4
Reddish gray day (5YR 5/2). Light gray surface. Many white and
gray grits.
Yellowish red clay (5YR 5/6). Many white and gray grits.
Yellowish red clay (5YR 5/6). Light reddish brown surface. Many
gray grits.
'----~·----- (~
•
0
!
I
0
0
5
10
15CM
Fig. 2.6. Jar with cylindrical neck, rounded body, and pointed base.
No. Reg. No.
Locus
Area
Phase
Description
I.
1179
AI
Sa
Light reddish brown clay (SYR 6/3). White, brown, and red grits.
11649/1
59
•
3
5
J
•
•
r
6
7
0
5
10
2
Fig. 2.7. Straight-shouldered jars.
No. Reg. No.
I.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
60
1167311
1139
11746
46596
1150/5
1150/8
46627/8
Locus
Area
1196
34
1206
4651
32
32
4668
AI
AO
AI
C2
AO
AO
C2
Phase
Description
5?
6(b?ic')
6a
6(a?/b?)
6(a?/b?)
6b
Red clay (2.5YR 5/6). White and brown grits.
Light red clay (2.5YR 6/6). Tiny white and red grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 6/6). Few white grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 7/6). Many red-brown grits.
Light red clay (2.5YR 6/6). Few beige and brown grits.
Light red clay (2.5YR 6/6). Few white grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 7/6). Sandy grits.
15C~
'b
'
5
··~· ~~
9
10
8
6
7
.....--E"
12
13
11
18
•
19
14
,-=)
&;;;
20
15
21
16
o\:m.,_.;"s==='l10......1.i,',:SCM
17
Fig. 2.8. Straight-shouldered jars.
No. Reg. No.
Locus
Area
Phase
Description
L 43167/2
2. 1198/3
3. 1200/3
4. 46693
s. 1200/1
4321
40
4S
4668
4S
Cl
AO
AO
C2
AO
4?/5a?
7+8
7+8 (+6b?)
6b
7+8 (+6b?)
6. IIS60/I
7. 43167/1
8. 11683/4
1171
4321
1206
AI
Cl
AI
Sa
4?/5a?
6(b'ic?)
9. 11946
10. 1061/3
1242
18
AI
AO
7 or later
II.
1227
AI
7
12. 46628/11
4668
C2
6b
13. 1086/2
14. S4S711
27
664
AO
Cl
5(b?)
4b?
15. 4668S/3
16. 46628/13
17. 40819
18. 11628
19. 1087/3
20. 11509/6
4675
4668
4197
119S
27
IIS3
C2
C2
AI
AO
AI
6b
6b
3
5b+(6a'/Sc?)
S(b?)
Sa
21. 40377/7
4082
co
Sa
Very pale brown clay (lOYR 7/3). Many gray and white grits.
Very pale brown clay (lOYR 8/3). Many gray and white grits.
Very pale brown clay (1 OYR 7/3). Many gray and white grits.
Very pale brown clay (lOYR 8/4). White and gray grits.
Light reddish brown clay (5YR 6/4). Few gray, brown, and white
grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 7/6). Red and beige grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 6/8). Large and small beige grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 6/6). Many large gray and few brown
grits.
Red clay (2.5YR 5/6). Many gray and shiny grits.
Reddish yellow clay (7.5YR 7/6}. Many small gray and few brown
grits.
Reddish yellow clay (7.5YR 7/6). Large beige and some tiny red
grits.
Yellowish red clay (5YR 5/6). Light reddish yellow surface (7 .5YR
7/6). Brown, white, and shiny grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 6/8). Few small white grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 7/6). Small red-brown and some large
white grits.
Red clay (2.5YR 5/8). Many large and small white grits.
Red clay (2.5YR 5/8). Many white grits.
Red clay (2.5YR 5/8). White and gray grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 7/6). Few red and gray grits.
Red clay (2.5YR 5/8). Very large and small white grits.
Red clay (2.5YR S/6). Light reddish yellow surface (7.SYR 7/6).
Many white and beige grits.
Reddish yellow clay (7.5YR 7/6). Many white, beige, and red grits.
11836
co
s
61
have also been found along the coasts of Phoenicia (Tell
Sukas) and Cyprus; they will not be discussed here.
This vast body of material has strengthened our previous
conclusions not only regarding the geographical distribution
of these jars but especially regarding their chronology: a
clear developmental tendency (which apparently also
existed in many other closed vessels of the period) can be
observed in the jars of this family. The earlier jars possess a
biconical body and a relatively high neck (Type H-6) (Stern
1982: Fig. 152), as at Dor (Fig. 2. 7), and date from the
6th-5th centuries BCE, while the later types, with sackshaped body (Type H-8; Fig. 2.8) (Stern 1982: Fig. 154), date
from the 5th-4th centuries BCE. This sequence seems to
have been present also at Tel Dor, though most jars were preserved there only in small fragments.
'Torpedo' Jars (Fig. 2.9)
The only restorable jar of this type at Dor (Area A) had a
single handle (Fig. 2.9:1). Though apart from this only rim
sherds of the jars of this type have survived (Fig. 2.9:2-4),
as well as body sherds that could not be restored, the impression was received that it was quite common at Dor; later it
also turned up in other areas. Many specimens have also
been recovered at neighboring sites, such as Tel Mevorakh,
Tel Megadim, and 'Atlit (Stern 1982: 105-107, Fig. 146,
Type G), as well as along the Galilean and Phoenician coasts
(Raban 1976: 49-50, Fig. 4:7-9). It is therefore surprising
that none have been reported from other nearby sites, such
as Shiqmona and Tel Michal (unless we assume that the vessel shown in Herzog 1989: Fig. 9.1.26 represents the body of
such a jar). However, the type does appear in sites in the
Samaria region, such as Qadum (Stern and Magen 1984:
19-20, Fig. 8: I, 3, 4) and perhaps also at Shechem (Stern
1980: Fig. 6:9, differing in details).
This jar was widespread in the Persian period. Its name
derives from its elongated shape. The typical features of this
family are slanted, conical shoulders, a wide mouth, thick
everted rim, and a long, narrow cylindrical body. The wall
is either straight or curved. The handle, or handles, extend
from the lower edge of the shoulder to the wall. The base is
usually pointed.
This family can be subdivided according to two criteria.
The first is the number of handles: there are jars without
handles, with one handle (shown here in Fig. 2.9: 1), and with
two handles. The second is the shape of the neck: the jars
have a narrow neck (Fig. 2.9:1, 3-4) or a cylindrical, long
and relatively wide neck. Of the latter type, we found only
one sherd of part of a neck (Fig. 2.9:2).
Storage jars of this type are known from Mesopotamia,
Syria, Phoenicia, and especially Cyprus, as well as both the
coastal and mountainous regions oflsrael. The contexts of
these finds, both in Israel and in other countries, indica I
that they were in use throughout the Persian period, fror
the 6th to the 4th centuries BCE, with the main distributio
dating to the period from the mid-5th to the end of the 4t
centuries BCE. Raban, who recovered many examples ol
the coast ofPhoenicia and Palestine, believes they were use
for preserving fish (Raban 1976: 50).
Our finds, uncovered here in phases 7-6 in Areas A an·
C2, do not alter the general picture presented above. Thes
phases are generally dated to the 5th and first half of the 4t
centuries BCE.
Basket Handle Jars (Fig. 2.10)
The rims, body sherds, and handles presented in Fig. 2.11
belong to the basket handle family ofjars which is character
ized by a round shoulder, short cylindrical neck, ovoid body
and two basket handles that rise above the rim. The base i
pointed or truncated. Like the flat-shouldered family dis
•
Fll\
2
?T\
3
IT\
4
0
5
10
15CM
Fig. 2.9. 'Torpedo' jars.
No. Reg. No.
Locus
Area
Phase
Description
Very pale brown clay ( IOYR 7/3). Few white and gray grits.
Reddish brown clay (2.5YR 5/6). Many white, brown, and black
grits.
Reddish brown clay (2.5YR 5/6). Many white grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 6/8). Brown grits.
2.
1150
46714/2
32
4675
AO
C2
6(a?/b?)
6b
3.
4.
11714/2
11694/4
1211
1206
AI
AI
6(b'?)
6(b?/c?)
I.
62
ussed above, the basket jar is confined in Palestine to the
ialilee and the coastal plain, but it is also known on the eastrn shore of the Mediterranean, as well as in Cyprus and
lhodes; it must have been in use in marine trade during the
'ersian period. Gjerstad was formerly of the opinion that
hese jars originated in Cyprus, but it now seems that the
arliest examples come from Rhodes and in fact belong to
he plain East Greek wares (together with the flat-based
nortaria discussed above).
In Palestine these jars appear for the most part in two vari.nts: one with low rounded handles and a biconical body
Stern 1982: 110-12, Fig. 156, Type I I), and the other with
aller handles with the widest point ofthe body at the shoullers, from which point it narrows towards the pointed or
tump base (Stern 1982: Fig. 157, Type I2). A survey of
hese jars from Palestine and other countries shows that the
irst type dates to the 7th-5th centuries BCE and the second
o the 5th-4th centuries BCE.
In recent years jars of this family have been found and
mblished not only from Dor, but from many sites in Cyprus
md all along the eastern coast of the Mediterranean, from
cell Sukas (Riis 1979: 20, Figs. 47-49) through Tell Keisan,
cell Qiri, and Tel Michal (Briend and Humbert 1980:
36-41, Pls. 23-24, 27; Ben-Tor and Portugali 1987: 19, Fig.
kl5-19; Herzog 1989: 143, Fig. 9.17.5). Large amounts
1ave also turned up in shipwrecks off the coast ofDor itself
md off the beach at Ma'agan Mikhael, dating from the end
lfthe 5th century BCE (Linder 1991: 43). Others comefrom
;outhern coastal sites and the nearby Shephelah, such as
\shkelon, Tel Qatif, Tel Sera', and Tel Haror, which have
10t yet been published.* In general our chronological obserration regarding the Palestinian examples according to the
:riterion of body shape is still valid. It is based largely on the
:onclusions arrived at by Gjerstad on the basis of the Cyp·iot finds, i.e., a transition from the earlier form with the
Jiconical body and low handles to the later one character.zed by wide shoulders and body sharpened towards the
Jase. The date of the earlier type is from the 7th to the middle
Jr late 5th centuries BCE, and of the later, the 5th to 4th cen:uries BCE.
The excavators of Tell Keisan have recently proposed an
1dditional chronological criterion for these jars, in which
they distinguish three variations in the shape of the neck and
the rim: I) a relatively long neck with rounded rim and neck
ridge; 2) a very short neck with everted rim and neck ridge;
and 3) completely lacking a neck, the rounded rim rising
directly from the shoulder (Briend and Humbert 1980:
139-41; Herzog 1989: 143).
This development, which in general is reflected also in the
Dor finds, is a positive addition to our basic typology noted
above, as Type II with the biconical body also possesses a
long neck and Type 12, with wide shoulders and sharp body,
lacksaneckandhasaflat roundedrim(Fig. 2.10: 1-9). There
are also several transitional types between Types II and I2
that can be ascribed to the earlier or later part of the period
according to their body shape.
As for their distribution, these jars have been uncovered
in recent excavations only in coastal sites. At Qadum, which
is located somewhat further inland, not a single vessel of this
type has been found, despite the presence there of a relatively rich pottery assemblage (Stern and Magen 1984).
Regarding their origin and function, we should again mention the recent and very interesting finds from Ma'agan
Mikhael. * In a shipwreck discovered only a few meters off
the shore, a brand-new ship dating from the end of the 5th
or beginning of the 4th century BCE was found. The hull of
the ship was almost completely preserved in the shallow
water. The ship's cargo consisted mainly of these jars,
though there were also one or two jars of the flat-shouldered
type. In the opinion of the present writer, all the other pottery vessels in this ship (jugs, juglets, and even one pithos
that held part of the ship's fresh water supply) were of East
Greek origin (Stern 1982: Ill), with the exception of one or
two Cypriot vessels. This shipwreck provides us with additi\)nal evidence that these basket handle jars were produced
mainly on the shores of East Greece and that they were
employed in the marine trade (Barag 1961: PI. 7:6; Zemer
1977: Pl. 8:24).
As for the origin of these vessels, it will be possible to reach
a decision between an East Greek and a Cypriot source only
after archeometrical analysis is carried out on the imported
pottery. There is a general consensus that there are also local
imitations, as decisively proved by the petrographic analysis
of the Tell Sukas and Tel Michal material, and the Phoenician letters incised on some of the jars from Tell Keisan.
As for their use, in addition to the maritime trade, it
should be noted that it is now clear that in some of the newly
excavated sites mentioned above (Salamis in Cyprus and Tel
Michal) these vessels were also used as burial jars.
* The material was shown to the present writer by its excavators, E.L.
*
Stager and E. Oren, whom I wish to thank.
JUGS (Fig. 2.11:7-13)
Not a single complete jug was found in Areas A and C and
our impression is that the number of sherds of this type was
not large. Some examples of rim and neck sherds are shown
here (Fig. 2.11 :7-11), as are a base and some body sherds
(No. 12).
It is of course difficult to identify these jugs with confidence; nevertheless most of them seem to be of Type H-G
(Nos. 7-1 0), with globular or sack-shaped body (Stern 1982:
117, Figs. I 71-72). These are especially common along the
northern coast and are found in large concentrations in
Samaria and nearby Qadum (Stern and Magen 1984: 20,
Figs. 7:9, 8:5-9), but they are also known from 'Atlit,
Shiqmona, and Tel Mevorakh (Stern 1982: 117), and
recently also from Tel Michal (Herzog 1989, Fig. 9.16.6).
Most of them were found in contexts of the 5th-4th centuries BCE, like our own examples.
One sherd (No. II) belongs to a uniquejugwhichdisplays
two handles instead ofthe usual one. Another sherd (No. 12)
is apparently the base of a jug of Type I, which is 'a jug with
short thick neck, pinched mouth, rounded handle extending
from rim to shoulder, rounded body with either convex or
ring-base which is especially common in the 5th-4th centuries BCE' (Stern 1982: 117, Fig. 173). It may derive from the
Phoenician repertoire of late Iron Age vessels.
This material was shown to the present writer by the excavator, E. Linder,
to whom I am greatly indebted.
63
/
3
2
4
5
6
7
9
8
11
13
10
-·
0
14
5
10
15CM
Fig. 2.10. Basket handle jars.
Locus
Area
Phase
Description
I. 11600
2. !1694/2
3. 40883/l
4. 40780/l
!!83
1206
4214
4184
AI
AI
co
co
5b?(+6a?/5c?)
6(b'ic?)
6(a?)
6(b?)
5. 40854/2
4205
co
6(c?)
6. 46539/l2
7. 46367
4651
4628
C2
C2
6a
5b
40520/3
1059
!200/2
4665!/7
46609/l7
4097
18
45
4668
4668
co
AO
AO
C2
C2
5b+6
5
7+8 (+6b?)
6b
6b
13. II563/l2
14. 46247
1125
46!7
AI
C2
5a
Red clay (2.5YR 5/6). Gray and white grits.
Light red clay (2.5YR 6/8). Gray and beige grits.
Red clay (2.5YR 5/8). Large brown and white grits.
Light red clay (2.5YR 6/6). Very pale brown surface. Many white
and brown grits.
Light reddish yellow clay (5YR 7/8). Very pale brown surface
(IOYR 8/4). White and shiny grits.
Light red clay (2.5YR 6/6). Shiny and white grits.
Light red clay (2.5YR 6/8). Pale yellow surface (2.5Y 8/4). Small
shiny grits.
Light red clay (2.5YR 6/6). Small gray and shiny grits.
Red clay (2.5YR 5/8). Many white grits.
Reddish brown clay (5YR 5/4). Tiny gray and white grits.
Light red gray clay (2.5YR 6/6). Small white and shiny grits.
Light yellowish brown clay(l OYR 6/4). Light yellow surface ( 1OYR
7/6). Small white and shiny grits.
Light red clay (2.5YR 6/6). Gray and white grits.
Light yellowish brown clay ( 1OYR 6/4).Gray grits.
No. Reg. No.
8.
9.
10.
II.
12.
64
JUGLETS (Fig. 2.11:1-6)
uglets too were relatively rare in Areas A and C at Dor. Of
he dipper juglets. mainly flat bases have been preserved.
rwo of these bases (Fig. 2.11 :2-3) are made of a distinctive
ight-colored clay. By coincidence, they both come from
>hases belonging to the 4th century BCE, but juglets from
'arlier phases are also present.
Since the majority of sherds found were of flat bases, it is
lifficult to determine to which of the two types of dipper
uglets possessing this base they belong. They may be ofType
!A, which has an elongated, cylindrical body, wide neck and
mtward-flaring rim, flat base, and loop handle extending
'rom rim to shoulder, or of Type 2B with sack-shaped body
Stern 1982: 118-19, Figs. 178-79; see also Stern andMagen
1984: 20, Fig. 8:10; Herzog 1989: Figs. 9.4.6, 9.5.14). It
;eems, however, that both types are represented, with the
najority being of Type 2B, whose distribution is limited
nainly to the coastal region during the 5th-4th centuries
BCE.
The other juglets present all belong to perfume juglets of
well-known types. These include examples of Type SA (Nos.
1 and 6) (Stern 1982: 121-22, Fig. 188), ajuglet with round
body, handles extending from shoulder to rim, and a disk or
low ring base. This is the most popular perfume juglet ofthe
Persian period in all parts ofPalestine; it is similar to the jug
which is also common in the 6th-4th centuries BCE (Stern
1982: 116, Fig. 169, Type E; see also Herzog 1989: 135, Fig.
9.13.11).
Another perfume juglet well known in the pottery repertoire of the 5th-4th centuries BCE (No. 4) is an example
of Type 3 (Stern 1982: 121-22, Figs. 166-67, Types 3-4),
which has the early type of rounded body. It is certain, however, that the sherds also included examples ofType 4, which
is sack-shaped and somewhat later in date (Stern 1982; see
also Herzog 1989: Figs. 9.1.7, 9.2.10).
Perfume juglet No. 5 belongs to Type 6 in the general
typology (Stern 1982: 123, Fig. 186). This family of juglets
has a long narrow neck and thick ring rim. The body shape
varies from globular to spindle-shaped. Its distinctive fea-
CD
~
3
2
4
6
5
m
~
(
\
9
10
B
7
':.---_-
:,:--..."Y•
L._---j
11
12
0
5
10
15CM
Fig. 2.11. Juglets (1-6) and jugs (7-12).
No. Reg. No.
Locus
Area
Phase
I. 4800611
4803
Cl
4c
Description
Reddish yellow clay (7.5YR 7/6). Light yellow surface. Red
decoration.
2.
3.
1166411
1098/4
1197
27
AI
AO
6a?/5c?
5(b?)
4.
5.
1222/3
11623
45
1193
AO
AI
7+8 (+6b?)
5b?/6?
6. 46538/6
4651
C2
6a
7. 46728110
8. 4635711
9. 1182317
10. 11672/1
4672
4626
1227
1200
C2
C2
AI
AI
6b
5b?/6a?
I
6
II.
12.
1166
1203
AI
AI
6?15'
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 6/6). Some white grits.
Reddish yellow clay (7.5YR 7/6). Light yellow surface outside.
Some white grits.
Very pale brown clay (lOYR 8/4). Few tiny white grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 6/6). Tiny gray grits. Red-orange
decoration.
11570/1
11680
5a(lb'')
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 7/6). Tiny white and gray and some red
grits.
Very pale brown clay (lOYR 8/3). Tiny gray-black grits.
Yellowish red clay (5YR 5/8). Large and small white and gray grits.
Yellowish red clay (5YR 6/6). Small gray grits.
Reddish yellow clay (7 .5YR 7/6). Pale yellow surface outside. Pale
red paint on rim.
Very pale brown clay (!OYR 7/3). Many small gray grits.
Pale yellow-olive clay (5YR 8/3). Few gray grits. Vertical burnish.
65
ro .11}.·.·4
3
2
0
5
10
15CM
Fig. 2.12. Amphoriskoi (1-2) and flasks (3-4).
No. Reg. No.
Locus
Area
Phase
Description
I.
2.
48449
46293/5
4873
4623
Cl
C2
4a
5(b?) (+6?)
3.
46293/1
4623
C2
5(b?) (+6?)
4.
5382/1
659
Cl
3?!4?
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 6/6). Red-orange decoration.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 6/6). Red-orange decoration. Some gra·
grits.
Light red clay (2.5YR 6/8). Light outer surface. White and gra:
grits.
Light reddish brown clay (5YR 6/4). Few brown grits.
lure is the high truncated base. The handle (missing here),
usually rounded and raised in a triangular shape, extends
from the middle of the neck or from a ridge to the shoulder,
and is decorated with a horizontal painted band in brown or
red. This is a well-known type in levels of the 5th-4th centuries BCE, mainly along the coast (Stern 1982: 123; and now
also Herzog 1989: Figs. 9.2. 7-9, 9. 7.5, 9.8.11, 9.9.2, 9.1 0.1 0,
9.13.12-13, in many variations). Our example also comes
from a 4th-century BCE context.
AMPHORISKOI AND FLASKS (Fig. 2.12)
In Fig. 2.12 two different types of vessels are displayed. Nos.
1-2 are small amphoriskoi with raised basket handles and
Nos. 3-4 are flasks. The amphoriskoi have upright handles
which are attached at right angles to the shoulder. The body
is decorated with reddish painted bands on a yellowish background. A similar vessel was found at nearby Shiqmona
(Elgavish 1968: Pl. 66:185; see Stern 1982: 114, Fig. 163).
Amphoriskoi of this type were also uncovered in very large
numbers in tombs of the 5th-4th centuries BCE in Cyprus,
where they apparently originated (Gjerstad 1937: Pis. I 08: I,
top row middle; 108:2, right). The vessels from Dor, however, seem to be local imitations.
Except for Dor and Shiqmona, no parallels have beer
found up to now in Palestinian sites, though it should b<
noted that an amphoriskos of another type, larger and will
similar basket handles, was uncovered at Tel Michal in Stra
tum VIII and was shown by petrographic analysis to b<
imported(Herzog 1989: 124, Fig. 9.7.4).
The other two vessels (Nos. 3-4) are flasks of which on!)
the necks and small fragments of the handles attached tc
them have survived. These flasks are also of a very weU.
known type common in the Persian period in all parts ofth<
country. Initially, we were of the opinion that they wen
mainly typical of the southern part of the country (Stern
1982: 114, Fig. 166, Type A). However, recent finds hav<
shown that large numbers also come from the Galilee and
the coastal region. In addition to those found at Dor, flasb
have also been uncovered at Tel Michal (Herzog 1989: 135,
Figs. 9.5.15, 9.13.16).
BASIN (Fig. 2.13:1)
The vessel shown in Fig. 2.13: I has been defined as a basin,
a fairly rare type of vessel; it is similar to basins found in
other Persian period sites. One was uncovered recently at
Tel Michal (Herzog 1989: 129, Fig. 9.7.8), where it was
2
0
5
10
15CM
Fig. 2.13. Basins.
No. Reg. No.
Locus
Area
Phase
Description
I.
11970
1244
AI
7 or later
2.
1164911
1197
AI
6a?/5c?
Light reddish brown clay (5YR 6/4). Thick dark gray core. Large
beige grits. Traces of straw in clay.
Light red clay (2.5YR 6/6). Very thick gray core. Thumbed
decoration outside. Even buff burnish inside.
66
ttributed to Stratum VIII (430-400 BCE). The basin from
lor differs somewhat from the one found at Tel Michal.
.tudy of the rna terial from other sites will undoubtedly
eveal additional examples.
LAMPS (Fig. 2.14)
'he lamps shown here are only two examples of dozens of
imilar lamps discovered in all parts of the areas discussed
1ere; other lamps of this type from Dor have been treated
lsewhere (Stern 1989: 115). These two lamps are both from
"ea A. No. I belongs to phase 7-8 and No.2 to phase 5-6;
hey thus extend throughout the entire Persian period, as at
1ther sites.
The lamps are both of the same type, i.e., the open, flat
ype with straight base. The lip is flat and very wide and the
ingle wick hole is pinched sharply. The lamps differ in that
-.Io. I is unusually large, its surface is knife-shaved, and it
tas a light burnish with a wide band. These features are
mique to the coastal region (Stern 1982: 127-29, Figs.
~02-203).
///~-­
··.
'
''
--;/-/ ,:1---- ----.. _
"
' I
'
' I
!I
,'I
•
~
'
\
'I
'
.''.' '
~/
/
'\
~ '-,
' I
Since the publication of our general summary, many more
lamps of this type have been uncovered at other sites and
published. They have appeared, for example, in Persian period levels at nearby sites on the coast and in the northern
valleys such as Tell Keisan (Briend and Humbert 1980: 123,
Pl. 21: 1-5), Tel Michal (Herzog 1989: 143, Fig. 9.16.8), and
Qadum (Stern and Magen 1984: Fig. 9.2-4), as well as at
numerous other sites.
The many new finds have not altered the general picture
presented in our earlier survey (Stern 1982: 127-29, Figs.
202-203). Only at Tel Michal have the excavators claimed
that these lamps ceased to occur in their Stratum VI
(350-300 BCE), a fact which in our opinion should be
regarded merely as a coincidence.
As for the closed lamps of the late Persian period which
are usually local imitations of Greek lamps (Stern 1982: 129,
Fig. 204; and see now Rosenthal-Heginbottom 1988), these
also appear in Palestine towards the end of the Persian period and are common mainly in loci dated to the transitional
period between the Persian and Hellenistic periods. This
seems to be the case at Dor as well.
/'
~
''
~
~
'II
''I
I
I
-------
-----::~,
2
0
1
2 3CM
Fig. 2.14. Lamps.
No. Reg. No.
Locus
Area
Phase
Description
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 7/8). Minute white and brown grits.
Burnished outside and on rim inside.
Light reddish yellow clay (5YR 7/6). Very pale yellow-brown
surface. Few white grits.
!.
1198/2
40
AO
7+8
2.
11623/2
1193
AI
5b'l6?
67
STANDS (Fig. 2.15)
Stand No. 1 has a tall, narrow cylindrical body terminating
at both ends in a heavy ring rim. The lower part is somewhat
wider. Nos. 2-3 are shallower. Many similar stands, also
displaying great variations in size, have been uncovered in
Palestine in the Persian period (Stern 1982: 130, Fig. 209
This type of stand is also common in the Iron Age, and th
date can be determined only by the fabric.
An interesting feature of Dor stand No. 1 and of a stan
from nearby Tel Megadim (Stern 1982: Fig. 209) is the 'wir
dow' pierced in the walls of both.
3
2
0
5
10
15C~
Fig. 2.15. Stands.
Locus
Area
Phase
Description
1204
1203
1207
4627
AI
AI
AI
C2
6b+c
6?15?
6b
Reddish brown clay (2.5YR 5/8).
Thick gray core. Some white grits.
2.
11682
11684/3
11713
46406/5
5+6a
3.
817814
4828
Cl
Topsoil
Reddish brown clay (2.5YR 5/6).Gray core. Light brown surfac(
outside. Many gray grits.
Reddish brown clay (2.5YR 5/6). Very thick dark gray core. Man~
gray and few white grits.
No. Reg. No.
I.
68
ABBREVIATIONS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY
,haroni and Aharoni 1976
Y. Aharoni and M. Aharoni, The Stratification of Judahite Sites in the 8th and 7th Centuries BCE,
BASOR 224 (1976): 73-90.
,rtzy 1988
M. Artzy, The Utilitarian 'Persian' Storejar Handles, BASOR 238 (1980): 69-73.
larag 1961
D. Barag, A Survey of Vessels Recovered from the Sea off the Coast oflsrael, Bulletin of the Israel
Exploration Society 25 (1961): 231-38 (Hebrew).
lASOR
Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research.
len-Tor and Portugali 1987
A. Ben-Tor andY. Portugali, Tell Qiri, A Village in the Jezreel Valley, Report on the Archaeological
Excavations 1975-1977 (Qedem 24), Jerusalem 1987.
len-Tor et al. 1978
A. Ben-Tor, Y. Portugali, and M. Avissar, Excavations at Tel Yoqne'am, IEJ 28 (1978): 74-76.
len-Tor eta/. 1983
A. Ben-Tor, Y. Portugali, and M. Avissar, Excavations at Tel Yoqne'am, IEJ 33 (1983): 30-54.
len-Tor eta/. 1987
A. Ben-Tor, M. Avissar, R. Bonfil, A. Zerzetsky, and Y. Portugali, A Regional Study of Tel
Yoqne'am and Its Vicinity, Qadmoniot 20 (1987); 2-17 (Hebrew).
'lgavish 1968
J. Elgavish, Archaeological Excavations at Shikmona, Field Report No. I: The Levels of the Persian
Period. Seasons 1963-1965, Haifa 1968.
3jerstad 1937
E. Gjerstad, The Swedish Cyprus Expedition, Vol. III, Stockholm 1937.
ierzog 1989
Z. Herzog, Excavations at Tel Michal, Israel, Minneapolis 1989.
EJ
Israel Exploration Journal.
_app and Lapp 1974
P.W. Lapp and N.L. Lapp, Discoveries in the Wadi ed-Daliyeh (Annual of the American Schools
of Oriental Research 41 ), Cambridge, MA 197 4.
jnder 1991
E. Linder, The Ma'agan Mikhael Shipwreck Excavations, Qadmoniot 24 (1991 ): 39-46 (Hebrew).
vlazar 1985
A. Mazar, Excavations at Tell Qasile, Part Two: The Philistine Sanctuary (Qedem 20), Jerusalem
1985.
'orath 1974
J. Porath, A Fortress of the Persian Period, 'Atiqot 7 (1974): 43-55 (Hebrew).
~aban
A. Raban, The Phoenician Jars from the Wrecked Ship off Philadelphia Village, Sefunim 5 (1976):
43-52 (Hebrew).
~iis
1976
P.J. Riis, Sukas VI: The Graeco-Phoenician Cemetery and Sanctuary at the South Harbour,
Copenhagen 1979.
1979
~osenthal-Heginbottom
1988
R. Rosenthal-Heginbottom, Greek Lamps and Their Imitations in the Eastern Mediterranean Questions of Chronology, Praktika (198511988): 297-301.
>tern 1978
E. Stern, Excavations at Tel Mevorakh (1973-76), Part One: From the Iron Age to the Roman Period
(Qedem 9), Jerusalem 1978.
>tern 1982
E. Stern, The Material Culture of the Land of the Bible in the Persian Period, Warminster 1982.
>tern 1989
E. Stern, The Beginning of the Greek Settlement in Palestine in the Light of the Excavations at Tel
Dor, in: S. Gitin and W.G. Dever (eds.), Recent Excavations in Israel: Studies in Iron Age Archaeology, Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research 49 (1989): 107-24.
>tern and Magen 1984
E. Stern andY. Magen, A Pottery Group of the Persian Period from Qadum in Samaria, BASOR
253 (1984): 9-27.
~emer
1977
A. Zemer, Storage Jars in Ancient Sea Trade, Haifa 1977.
SELECTED LOCI OF THE PERSIAN PERIOD
As noted above, we present here in addition to the
typological discussion a group of figures (Fig. 2.16-27 early Persian period and Figs. 2.28-38 -late Persian period) presenting the complete assemblage of pottery and
other finds from selected loci, arranged by excavation area
and phase. These figures enable observation of the gradual
changes in the assemblage which took place from phase to
phase.
69
~~­
~----
"L______JJ:X ITJ 0
I
2
4
6
'
7
8
A
1
2
WiiliiiW
9
14
10
0
5
12
11
3CM
~·"'
~.•
iW@M!I
17
i= I t
15
/
01[\. . )'
21
'f
13
18
22
19
25
23
(',------\·I
24
20
I
16
'l
26
L_l
9
~
J
27
0
5
10
15CI
Fig. 2.16. Area AO, L40 (lower) and L46, phase 7+8.
No.
Vessel
Reg. No.
Locus
Description
L
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
II.
Mortarium
Bowl (Iron Age type BL lOa)
Mortarium
Kernos
Lid
Cooking pot (Iron Age type CP Sa)
Cooking pot (Iron Age type CP 14a)
Krater (Iron Age type KR 7a)
Jug (Iron Age type SJ 3a)
Bow! (Iron Age type BL 44a)
Attic skyphos
1!90/2
1225
1!98/4
1214
1222/4
1209/l 0
1!80/4
1209/4
1222/2
1209
1!90/5
40
46
40
46
46
46
40
46
46
46
40
12. Lamp
ll9311
40
13. Lamp
II98/2
40
Yellowish red clay (5YR 5/8). Many small white and gray grits.
Brown clay (7.5YR 5/6).
Pale yellow clay (5Y 7/3). Many large gray and white grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 6/8). Gray core.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 7/6). Some white grits.
Red clay (2.5YR 4/6). Dark gray core. White grits.
Brown clay (7.5YR 4/6). Dark gray core.
Brown clay (7 .5YR 5/8). Dark gray core.
Reddish yellow clay (7.5YR 6/8). Gray core. Red and gray decoration.
Yellowish red clay (5YR 6/8). Brown core. Dark brown and gray decoration.
Lustrous red to mottled black slip. Horseshoe shaped handle attached a
straight rim.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 7/6). Many white grits. Burnished inside and OJ
rim outside.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 7/8). Tiny white and brown grits. Burnished insid,
14. Flask
15. Jar
1208/2
1209
40
46
and on rim outside.
!6.
17.
18.
19.
20.
2!.
22.
Jar
Jug?
Jar
Jar
Jar
Jar
Jar
1202/l
1180113
1209
1198/I
ll87/2
1198/3
1203
40
40
46
40
40
40
46
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
Jar
Jar
Jar
Jar
Amphora
1180/2
1180/l
II87/l
1209
1218/I
40
40
40
46
46
70
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 7/6). Many white grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 7/6). Light surface outside. Large and small gra:
grits.
Red clay ( 1OR 5/6), crisp. Few very small white grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 7/6). Many large gray grits.
Reddish yellowclay(7 .5YR 7/6), soft. Many small white, gray, and red grits.
Yellowish brown clay (lOYR 5/4). Reddish yellow surface.
Red clay (2.5YR 5/8). Grayish brown surface.
Very pale brown clay ( l OYR 8/3). Many gray and white grits.
Pale brown clay ( l OYR 7/3), soft. Very small dark brown grits. Red paint or
shoulder.
Red clay (2.5YR 5/8). Light brown surface (7.5YR 6/4).
Red clay (2.5YR 5/8). Pale brown surface (lOYR 7/3).
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 7/6). Many large white grits.
Reddish yellow clay (7 .5YR 6/6). Small white grits.
Light red clay (2.5YR 6/6). Light brown slip (7.5YR 6/4).
7
~-----
~----
10
-Ailill
,-
~------·-------1
Lf=-=-1
7
2
11
-~~
12
3
8
4
r 1-«
5
9
6
15
0
5
10
15CM
Fig. 2.17. Area Al, L1242b, phase 7 or later.
Vessel
Reg. No.
Description
I. Mortarium
2. Mortarium
3. Mortarium
4. Mortarium
5. Bowl
6. Lid
7. Cooking pot
8. Cooking pot
9. Jar
10. Jar
II. Jug
12. Jar
13. Jar
14. Jar
15. Jar
11950
11956
11938
11921/4
1195611
11930
11947
11939
11951
11923
12921/5
11938
11946
11956
11943
Light yellowish brown clay ( IOYR 6/4). Many white grits.
Reddish yellow clay (SYR 6/6). Many large dark gray and few white grits.
Very pale brown clay (IOYR 7/4). Many large dark gray and white and few mica grits.
Pale yellowish olive clay (SY 7/3). Few very tiny gray grits.
Yellowish red clay (SYR 5/8). White and gray grits.
Light gray clay ( 1OYR 7/2). Many small gray and shiny grits.
Red-brown clay (2.5YR 4/6). Large brown and small gray and shiny grits.
Red-orange clay ((2.5YR 5/8). Large brown and small gray and shiny grits.
Pink-buff clay ((7 .5YR 7/4). Some white grits.
Light brown clay (7.5YR 6/4). Some white and gray grits.
White/pale olive clay (SY 8/2). Tiny brown grits.
Light gray clay (2.5Y 7/2). Few small gray grits.
Red clay (2.5YR 5/6). Many gray and shiny grits.
Reddish yellow clay (7.5YR 7/6). Some gray and white grits.
Reddish yellow clay (7.5YR 6/6). Large red and small white grits.
Vo.
71
\TI
2
3
0
5
10
)
:I!
5
0
5
10
15CM
4
6
7
§'-- .
,;,,;·
\.
8
9
0
.......
2 3CM
Fig. 2.18. Area Al, L1242b, phase 7 or later.
No. Object
I.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
72
Skyphos
Amphora
Bowl
Askos
Body fragment
Body fragment
Spatula
Figurine
Figurine
Reg. No.
Description
11921
11951
11958
11948
11921/2
11921/3
11941
11953
11942
Light red clay (2.5YR 6/8). Lustrous black, totally painted.
Red clay (2.5YR 5/6). Wet-smoothed.
Reddish yellow clay (SYR 616). Red paint (!OR 516).
Light red clay (2.5YR 6/8). Exterior self-slipped. Red paint ( 1OR 5/8).
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 7/6). Red paint (2.5YR 4/6).
Reddish yellow clay (2.5YR 4/6). Red paint 2.5 YR 416).
Bone.
Light brown clay (7.5YR 6/4). Some small white grits.
Light reddish brown clay (SYR 6/4). Some small white grits.
15CM
t
/::"'
1,~-~---
,,,,/'.,.-
""'
------~---
'
'
E
'~' -r-"'=cc-~
'
2
I
10
'
t
t
11
"l-·
(,
12
3
111
4
7
13
\
5
==---lll=
((~~\
/
~-.,
\
,'
'
6
'
\
8
\
7
14
f
9
0
5
10
15CM
Fig. 2.19. Area Al, L1226 and L1227, phase 7.
Reg. No.
Locus
Description
I. Bowl
2. Mortarium
3. Mortarium
11823/ll
11818/3
11823/16
1227
1226
1227
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
11818/2
11823117
11818/4
11830/2
11823/13
11823/7
11823/4
11823115
11823/12
1181811
11836
1226
1227
1226
1226
1227
1227
1227
1227
1227
1226
1227
Red-brown clay (2.5YR 5/6). Many white grits.
Pale olive clay (5Y 6/4). Many gray and white grits.
Reddish yellow clay (7.5YR 6/6). Light outer surface. Many white and some red and
brown grits.
Light pink clay (7.5YR 8/4). White outer surface.
Dark brown clay ( IOYR 3/3). Many large and small white grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 6/6). Many gray and white grits.
White grits.
Light red clay (2.5YR 6/8). Some mica and brown grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 6/6). Small gray grits.
Dusky red clay (2.5YR 3/2). Few white and shiny grits.
Dark reddish gray clay (5YR 4/2). White and shiny grits.
Red clay (2.5YR 6/6). Many white grits.
Very pale brown clay (IOYR 7/3). Many small gray grits.
Reddish yellow clay (7.5YR 6/6). Few brown grits.
No.
9.
10.
II.
12.
13.
14.
Vessel
Juglet
Krater
Krater
Lamp
Amphora
Jug
Cooking pot
Cooking pot
Jar
Jar
Jar
73
17
~"d~.Cf····
. •--~
~\
,/~,'
't
5
\
I
--
2
,-~..
?---
'·--~/--'
4
8
I
I
2 3CM
12
13
10
I
2 3CM
18
15
16
17
0
5
10
15CM
Fig. 2.20. Area Al, L1237, phase 7/8.
No. Vessel
I.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
II.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
74
Bow!
Bowl
Mortarium
Lamp
.Jar
Jar
Jar
Jar
Jar
Amphora
Figurine
Figurine
Figurine
Bowl
Bowl
Jug
Jug
Amphora base
Reg. No.
Description
11897/1
11897/2
11898!1
11852
11905/11
11905/15
11898/2
11933/2
11897/5
11896/2
11890
11890
11904
11905/9
11905/10
I I 903/2
11903!1
11908/2
Red-brown clay (2.5YR 5/6). White and gray grits.
Red-brown clay (2.5YR 5/6). Many tiny white grits.
Very pale brown clay (lOYR 7/4). Many gray and white grits.
Red-brown clay (2.5YR 5/6). Small gray grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 6/6). Few gray and beige grits .
Red clay (2.5Y 5/8). Many large and small white grits.
Light gray clay (2.5Y 7/2). Small gray grits.
Light gray clay (2.5Y 7/2). Small gray and few white grits.
Pale yellow clay (2.5Y 7/4). Small gray grits.
Red clay (2.5YR 5/6 to 2.5YR 4/6). Wet-smoothed exterior, pale brown (lOYR 6/3).
Reddish brown clay (5YR 7/6). Small gray and white grits, straw.
Reddish brown clay (2.5YR 5/4) Few large gray and brown grits.
Reddish brown clay (2.5YR 5/4). Some gray and brown grits.
Light red clay (2.5YR 6/6). Black lustrous slip. White paint.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 6/6). Washy black band on rim.
Light gray clay (2.5Y 712). Dark grayish brown decoration.
Light gray clay (2.5Y 7/2). Dark grayish brown decoration.
Light red clay (2.5YR 6/8). Exterior slip 5YR 7/4- 5YR 7/6.
F
'
~2
m
~
5
~1
3
7
2 3CM
6
~
~
4
7
0
5
10
15CM
Fig. 2.21. Area Al, L1225, phase 6c.
Vo.
Vessel
Reg. No.
Description
I.
Holemouth jar
Mortarium
Jug
11827/4
11827/8
11801/l
Stand
Jar
Bowl base frag.
Amphora base frag.
11827/l
11827/lO
11827/2
11827/8
Light red clay (2.5YR 6/6). Gray and white grits.
Pale yellow-brown clay (2.5Y 7/4). Many gray, white, and brown grits.
Pink clay (7.5YR 7/4). Worn surface. Exterior self-slipped. Black to dark reddish brown paint (5YR
3/2).
Reddish brown clay ( 1OYR 5/6). Many large and small grits.
Light red clay (2.5YR 6/6). Gray and white grits.
Reddish brown clay (5YR 5/3). Two black bands on interior.
Pink clay (7.5YR 7/4). Black to dark reddish brown decoration.
!.
l.
I.
i.
5.
7.
8
4
5
9
2
6
il\
10
3
7
0
5
10
15CM
Fig. 2.22. Area Al, L1206, phase 6b?/c?.
No. Vessel
l. Chalice or bowl
2. Mortarium
3. Krater
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Jar
Jar
Jar
Jar
Jar
Jar
Stand
Reg. No.
Description
11694/4
11724/8
11683/3
11746
11694/4
11743
11752
11706/3
11694/l
11738/2
Brownish yellow clay (I OYR 6/6). Many white and gray grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 7/6). Many large and small white and beige grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 6/6). Many small white and shiny grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 6/6). Few white grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 6/8). Gray grits.
Brown clay (7.5YR 5/4). Very pale yellowish surface. White and gray grits.
Red clay (2.5YR 5/6). Many small and large white grits.
Yellowish red clay (5YR 5/6). Small white and brown grits.
Light red clay (2.5YR 6/8). Gray and beige grits.
Reddish brown clay ( 1OYR 5/6). Many large and small white grits.
75
6
7
•
2
B
4
9
10
''
\
/
('
'' "
'
''
'
11
5
12
0
5
10
Fig. 2.23. Area AO, L32, phase 6a?/b?.
No. Vessel
Reg. No.
Description
I.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
II.
12.
1150/2
1150/3
1150/6
1150/9
1150/8
1150/7
1150111
1150/10
1150/4
1150/8
1150/5
1150/1
Light reddish brown clay (2.5YR 6/4). Many large and small white grits.
Light yellowish brown clay (2.5Y 6/4). Many white and gray grits.
Very pale brown yellow clay (IOYR 7/4). Few tiny white grits.
Yellow clay ( 1OYR 8/6). Few white and some shiny grits.
Light red clay (2.5YR 6/8).
Reddish yellow clay (7.5YR 7/6). Few white grits.
Reddish yellow clay (7.5YR 8/6). Few white grits.
Light brown clay (7.5YR 6/4). Few white and gray grits.
Very pale brown clay (IOYR 7/4). Few white grits.
Light red clay (2.5YR 6/6). Few brown grits.
Light red clay (2.5YR 6/6). Few beige and brown grits.
Very pale brown clay (IOYR 7/3). Few white and gray grits.
76
Mortarium
Mortarium
Juglet
Juglet
Jug
Jug
Jar
Jar
Jar
Jar
Jar
Jar
15CM
~--·
-~
-
5
9
-f. ·
F=l
.--
=<
10
2
-
r=
C"
11
~
3
8
12
~--~/-?
v
.
15
13
'----.J---~
16
18
0
\JI
19
0
5
10
15CM
Fig. 2.24. Area AO, L33 (lower), phase 6b.
lo. Vessel
I.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
0.
I.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Mortarium
Cooking pot
Cooking pot
Mortariurn base
Jar
Jar
Jar
Jar base
Jar
Jar
Jar
Jar
Bowl
Dow! base
Bowl base
Bowl base
7. Bowl base
8. Amphora
9. Amphora
Reg. No.
Description
1126/6
1157/2
115711
1126/2
1174/2
115511
1164/7
1126/3
1164/4
1143/3
115311
1173/2
1173/3
1172/2
117411,5
1160/2
Reddish yellow clay (7.5YR 8/6). Few gray and beige grits. Very pale brown surface (lOYR 8/3).
Very dark grayish brown clay ( 1OYR 3/2). Many white and gray grits. Iron Age type.
Dark red-brown clay (2.5YR 3/6). Many small gray and shiny grits.
Very pale brown-yellow clay ( 1OYR 8/4). Large beige and gray grits.
Very pale brown-yellow clay (I OYR 8/3). Few gray grits.
Very pale brown-yellow clay (lOYR 7/3). Tiny black and few shiny grits.
Red-brown clay (2.5YR 4/8). Tiny white and brown grits.
Reddish yellow clay (7.5YR 8/6). Few beige and white grits.
Very pale brown-yellow clay (lOYR 8/3). Few gray grits.
Red clay (2.5YR 5/8). Many small white grits.
Red clay ( 1OR 5/8). Many large and small grits.
Very pale brown clay (IOYR 7/3). Many small gray grits.
Light brown clay (7.5YR 6.4). Self-slipped. Red paint.
Light brown clay (7.5YR 6/4). Self-slipped. Black paint.
Pale brown clay (I OYR 6/3). Self-slipped. Black paint.
Reddish yellow clay (SYR 6/6). Self-slipped. Dark reddish brown (SYR 3/2) to reddish brown (2.5YR
4/4) paint.
Reddish yellow clay (7.5YR 6/6). Self-slipped. Red paint (2.5YR 5/6).
Light brown clay (7.5YR 6/4). Wet-smoothed.
Light brown clay (7.5YR 6/4).
1146/4
1146/1
1126/4
77
I
(
r= 4
3
2
_.;-:::==!
'
~
4
1
(
{C
/
5
~
r
~
6
0
I
7
5
10
15CM
Fig. 2.25. Area C2, L4678 and L4679, phase 6?/7?.
No.
Vessel
Reg. No.
Description
I.
Deep bowl
46727/2
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Bowl
Jar
Jar
Jar
Jar
46724
46727/7
46725/7
46725/6
46727/3
46723/2
Very pale brown clay (l OYR 7/4). Exterior slip light reddish brown (5YR 6/4) to reddish yellow (SY
616). On exterior, pinkish white (7.5YR 8/2) and reddish brown (5YR 4/3) paint. On interio
brown/dark brown paint (7.5YR 4/2).
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 6/0). Very large white and some small gray grits.
Light red clay (I OR 6/8). Some small mica and beige grits.
Light reddish brown clay (5YR 6/4). Tiny gray grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 6/6). Small beige and gray grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 6/6). Tiny brown grits.
Pink-gray clay (5YR 7/4). Some small beige and gray grits.
Amphora
Fig. 2.26. Area C2, L4668, phase 6b.
No.
Vessel
Reg. No.
Description
I.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
II.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Mortarium
Mortarium
Mortarium
Mortarium
Mortarium
Mortarium
Krater
Cooking pot
Cooking pot
Cooking pot
Cooking pot
J uglet
Juglet
Juglet
Juglet
Juglet
Juglet
Jug
Jug
Jug
Jug
Jar
Jar
Jar
Jar
Jar
Jar
Jar
Jar
Jar
Jar
Jar
Jar
Jar
Jar
Jar
Jar
Jar
Jar
Jar
Jar
46627/2
46627/30
46632/7
46614/6
46609/16
46701
46679/7
46652/10
46652/12
46628/10
46627/3
46682/6
46652/4
46659/9
46693
46679/3
46706/1
46706/2
46692
46652/2
46652/5
46651/4
46652/7
46679/5
46632/9
46393
46692
46693
46702
46614/4
46623
46628!14
46651!1
46628/11
46693
46627/8
46628!13
46672
46684!1
46632/10
46706/3
46702
46651/7
46609/7
46651/5
Light red clay (2.5YR 6/8). Large and small white and shiny grits.
Light reddish brown clay (2.5YR 6/4). Tiny brown and gray grits.
Light red clay ( 1OR 6/6). Many large and some small white grits.
Light red clay (lOR 6/6). Few small white grits.
Ye!low~olivc clay (2.5Y 7/6). Many small gray and white grits.
Light red day (2.5YR 6/6). Many large red and gray grits.
Pale yellow~olive clay (2.5Y 7/4). Many gray and white grits.
Pale yellow~olive clay (2.5Y 7/4). Few large white and some small gray and white grits.
Reddish yellow clay (7.5YR 7/6). Light pink smooth surface. Many white grits.
Red clay (2.5YR 5/8). Light pink surface. Very few gray grits.
Yellowish red clay (5YR 5/8). Tiny gray and shiny grits.
Red clay (2.5YR 4/6). Brown and small white grits.
Red~orange clay (2.5YR 5/7). Gray and shiny grits.
Red~orange clay (2.5YR 5/7). Large brown and some small white grits.
Light red clay (2.5R 6/6). White surface outside. Small red and shiny grits.
Yellow-buff clay (IOYR 7/6). Some small white grits.
Brown clay (IOYR 5/3). Some small white and shiny grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 2/6). Small beige grits.
Light red clay (2.5YR 6/6). Tiny gray and few white grits.
Light gray clay (2.5Y 7/2). Brown black slip inside. Tiny white grits.
Pale yellow clay (2.5Y 7/4). Tiny gray grits. Black painted lines.
Yellowish red clay (5YR 5/8). Some gray and shiny grits.
Light pink clay (7 .5YR 8/4). Some white grits. Red decoration.
Pale yellow clay (2.5Y 7/4). Some small white and gray grits.
Red clay (I OR 5/8). Many large and small white grits.
Reddish brown clay (2.5YR 5/4). Small beige and white grits.
Pink clay (5YR 8/4). Some gray and brown grits.
Very pale brown clay (IOYR 8/4). White and gray grits.
Pink clay (5YR 7/4). Small brown and gray grits.
Pink clay (7 .5YR 7/4). Pale yellow surface outside (2.5Y 8/4).
Reddish brown clay (2.5YR 4/5). Many large and-small white grits.
Red clay (2.5YH. 5/6). Many white grits.
Light red clay ( 1OR 6/8). Tiny sandy and gray grits.
Yellowish red clay (5YR 5/6). Light reddish ye!low surface. Brown, white, and sandy grits.
Light reddish brown clay (2.5YR 6/4). Many large beige grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 7/6). Sandy grits.
Reddish brown clay (2.5YR 6/4). Some white grits.
Light red clay (2.5YR 6/6). Many tiny white grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 7/6). Many brown and gray grits.
Light reddish brown clay (2.5YR 6/4). Many large white grits.
Many white grits.
Reddish brown clay (5YR 5/4). Many white and gray grits.
Light red~gray clay (2.5YR 6/6). Small white and shiny grits.
Light yellowish brown clay ( 1OYR 6/4). Light yellow surface ( 1OYR 7/6). Small white and shiny grits.
Pink clay (5YR 7/4). Some brown grits.
78
~-~ -;7~·
2
~--T
/~
I
4
3
7~~
?--=:=-1
I
.-.-~
7
6
5
=======r·--- 7
~===-
c::=<
8
9
\
'====.===l- - - ---10
~
r-=t
=F
tl
13
12
PI~
15
14
18
r=r-~(
~r-,
~~,
n-"
26
30
I
21
~~~-25
24
r===1~
27
=~ ··· -
20
19
IT~r
22
\jL/ \11
"=-~
'b_U
?-1
--7
I
11
;9--~
5=
28
·=~
r===
31
I
=-~
c==
Fe=
32
I
~
33
··F-1'·--::. : · ~f I " ' ~- _, z
~
'
~
I
~
38
____ r··1
42
39
~~E-1 =:l~~-~
43
44
0
5
10
15CM
Fig. 2.26.
79
Fig. 2.26a. Area C2, L4668, phase 6b (continued).
No. Vessel
Reg. No.
Description
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
46689
46706
46627112
46628/8
46614/7
46628/1
46679/8
46679/21
46679/2
46609/13
46680/3
Reddish yellow clay (7 .5YR 7/6). Tiny gray and white grits.
Red clay (lOR 5/6). Large and small white grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 6/6). Many small mica, gray, and red grits.
Light reddish brown clay (5YR 6/4). Many small mica and white grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 6/6). Black painted neck.
Pink clay (7 .5YR 7/4). Black interior paint. Incised decoration.
Light red clay (lOR 6/6). Lustrous black paint, reserve center.
Red clay (2.5YR 5/8). Dark red to black paint (lOR 3/6).
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 6/6). Self-slipped. Red paint.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 6/6). Self-slipped. Reddish brown paint (5YR 4/3).
Yellowish red clay (7.5YR 6/6). Exterior black to brown paint (7.5YR 4/6). Interior dark rcddi~
brown band (2.5YR 3/4).
Pink clay (5YR 7/4). Self-slipped. Decoration between light reddish brown (2.5YR 6/4) and n
(2.5YR 5/6).
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 6/6). Exterior self-slipped. Interior slip pinkish gray (7.5YR 6/2). Bla<
paint.
Light reddish brown clay (5YR 6/4). Self-slipped. Dark gray paint (5YR 4/0).
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 6/6). Exterior self-slipped. Interior slip pinkish gray (7.5 YR 6/2). Blac
paint.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 6/6). Exterior self-slipped. Interior slip yellowish red (5YR 5/6).
Reddish yellow clay (7.5YR 7/6). Self-slipped. Black paint.
Dark brown clay (7.5YR 3/2). Brown slip (7.5YR 4/2). Black paint
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 6/6). Self-slipped. Dark reddish brown paint (2.5YR 3/4).
Reddish yellow clay (SYR 7/6). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/2).
Reddish yellow clay (2.5YR 7/6). White slip (lOYR 8/2). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/4).
Pink clay (7.5YR 7/4). Exterior self-slipped.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 6/6). Self-slipped. Red paint (2.5YR 4/8).
Very pale brown clay (I OYR 8/3). Traces of very dark grayish brown paint overall ( 1OYR 3/2).
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 7/6). Traces of dark reddish brown paint (5YR 2.5/2).
Jar
Jar
Amphora
Amphora
Neck oflekythos
Stemless b-f cup
Bowl
Jug
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
57. Bowl
46628/4
58. Bowl
46609/14
59. Bowl
60. Bowl
46693/24
46628/3
Bowl
46614/3
46693
46628/6
46627/7
46702
46693/23
46693/8
46609/3
46693/22
46707/7
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
80
Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Shoulder frag.
Body frag.
Body frag.
Shoulder frag.
Vertical handle
Handle frag.
~~
47
50
48
51
46
0
1
2
3CM
....
2 3CM
53
~~~
56
55
54
It*'*~~~~~~
57
58
~~.
'-~
~~~
64
63
62
66
67
65
0
1
2 3CM
69
70
0
5
10
15CM
Fig. 2.26a.
81
II--~-
4
3
cr=r-l'
6
5
/II-\
8
7
9
11
10
12
0
5
10
15CM
Fig. 2.27. Area C2, L4675, phase 6b.
No.
Vessel
Reg. No.
Description
I.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Mortarium
Mortarium
Mortarium
Jar
Jar
Jar
Jar
Pendant
Rhyton
Bowl (East Greek)
46714/1
46685/4
46711112
46685
46714/3
46711/10
46714/2
46673
46685/1
46711/2-3
II.
Bowl (East Greek)
46714/7-9
Light gray clay (2.5YR 7/2). Many white and gray grits.
Pink clay (7 .5YR 7/4). Pale yellow~olivc surface (2.5Y 8/4). Many white, gray, and pink grits.
Pinkish gray clay (5YR 7/2). Small white and gray grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 6/6). Some white grits.
Reddish yellow clay ((5YR 6/6). Many large and small white grits.
Light yellowish brown clay (IOYR 6/4). Tiny white grits.
Reddish brown clay (2.5YR 5/6). Many white, brown and dark grits.
Faience
Pink clay (5YR 7/3). Many small gray and white grits.
Light red clay (2.5YR 6/8). Exterior self-slipped. Interior slip light red (2.5YR 6/6). Red paint (2.5YR
4/6).
Light red clay (2.5YR 6/8). Exterior self-slipped. Interior reddish yellow slip (SYR 6/6). Red paint
(2.5YR 4/6).
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 6/6). Self-slipped. Red paint (2.5YR 4/8).
12. Bowl (East Greek)
82
46714111
m
•
6
2
7
11
;=
12
9
13
4
10
5
Q,, , ,'A,y: sf
14
Fig. 2.28. Area AO, L33 (upper), phase 6a.
Vo. Vessel
15
5
'
10
15CM
0
Reg. No.
Description
Bowl
1105116
1117/4
111011
1110/7
1110/8
1117/7
1110/2
1110/5
1117/2
1110/3
110911
1109/3
111711
1116/4
15. Amphora
1109/2
Red clay (2.5YR 7/4). Minute white grits.
Pale yellow clay (2.5Y 7/4). Many small white, few gray grits.
Pale yellow clay (5Y 7/3). Many small black and gray grits.
Dark red-brown clay (2.5YR 3/6). Many gray grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 7/6). Light beige outer surface. Few white grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 6/6). Few white grits.
Red clay (2.5YR 5/8). Large and small white grits.
Very pale brown clay (I OYR 7/3). Few gray grits.
Light reddish brown clay (2.5YR 6/4). Small gray and white grits.
White clay (2.5Y 8/2). Smooth very light brown surface.
Red clay (I OR 5/8). Large and small white grits.
Roman ochre clay. Glossy dark sepia glaze. Decoration in white paint and reserve.
Reddish brown clay (5YR 6/4). Exterior slip pinkish gray (7.5YR 6/2). Black paint.
Light red clay (2.5YR 6/8). Exterior slip reddish yellow (5YR 6/6). Light red (2.5YR 6/6) to black
paint.
Reddish yellow clay (7. 5YR 7/6). Pale brown exterior slip (lOR 7/3).
I.
2.
3.
4.
5,
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Mortarium
Mortarium
Mortarium
Cooking pot
Jug
Jar
Jar
Jar
Jar
Juglet
Jar
Skyphos
Bowl
t=l
\)
6
~.
c:'
3
'\ I
7
..
2
il1
';\
\
1{~,
1
I
7
J
8
\_11
r
4
p
ei!
~
5
9
10
o.__.•s====1~o-..1~5CM
Fig. 2.29. Area Al, L1197, phase 6a?/5c?.
Reg. No.
Description
I. Bowl
11650
2,
3.
4.
5,
6.
7.
8.
11653/2
11664/2
11664/3
11664/5
11664/5
11664/5
11669
11664/1
1164911
Light reddish brown clay (2.5YR 6/4). Few gray grits. Very dark shiny gray slip with red stains inside
and on top of outside.
Pink clay (5YR 7/4). Many white and gray grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 7/6). Many white grits.
Reddish yellow clay (7.5YR 8/6). Very few mica and red grits. Red paint on top of rim.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 6/6). Some white grits.
Light reddish brown clay (5YR 6/3). Few white and gray grits.
Pinkish gray clay (5YR 7/2). Few white grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 6/6). Many small white grits.
Yellowish red clay (5YR 4/6). Very few white grits.
Light reddish brown clay (5YR 6/3). White, brown, and red grits.
No.
Vessel
Mortarium
Base
Juglct
Juglet
Jar
Jar
Jar
9. Jar
10. Jar
83
7
,.
8
2
']
~-~9
5
3
~--
4
10
6
0
5
10
15CM
Fig. 2.30. Area AO, L27, phase S(b?).
No.
Vessel
I. Bowl (East Greek)
2. Mortarium
3. Mortarium
4. Mortarium
5. Lamp
6. Juglet
7. Jug
8. Jar
9. Jar
10. Jar
Reg. No.
Description
106911
I 07211
I 07911
1086/4
1101
1098/4
109811
I 03011
1086/2
1087/3
Red clay (2.5YR 5/6). Exterior slip I OYR 6/2. Black paint.
Pale yellow clay (5Y 7/3). Many large gray and white grits.
Pale red clay (lOR 6/3). Light gray surface (lOYR 7/1). Many white and gray grits.
Pale yellow clay (5Y 7/3). Many large gray grits.
Pale brown clay (I OYR 7/3). Some small gray grits.
Reddish yellow clay (7 .5YR 7/6). Light yellow surface outside. Some white grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 7/6). Worn surfaces. Dark brown paint (7.5YR 3/2).
Very pale brown clay (IOYR 7/3). Few small white grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 6/8). Few small white grits.
Red clay (2.5YR 5/8). Very large and small white grits.
2
3
4
0
5
10
15CM
Fig. 2.31. Area Al, Ll170, phase Sb.
No.
Vessel
Reg. No.
Description
I.
2.
3.
4.
Bowl
Cooking pot
Jar
Jar
11546113
11548
11546112
11546114
Pink clay (7.5YR 7/4). Tiny beige grits. Shiny black inside and out (7.5YR N2).
Dark brown clay (7.5YR 4/4). Many small white grits.
Light brown clay (7.5YR 614). Small red grits.
Pink clay (7.5YR 7/4). Few small beige grits.
84
3
8
....
0
-
2
1
-
2
3CM
9
5
r
6
5=4
7
'
---<.
10
0
10
5
15CM
Fig. 2.32. Area Al, L1193, phase Sb?/6?.
Ia. Vessel
Reg. No.
Description
l. Juglet
11622
11623/1
11625/3
11623/2
11645/3
11645/2
11623/4
11623/1
11623/1
1164511
Reddish yellow clay (SYR 6/6). Tiny gray grits. Red~orange decoration.
Very dark gray clay (5YR 3/1). Many white and shiny grits.
Very pale brown clay (lOYR 7/4). Light brown and gray grits.
Light reddish yellow clay (SYR 7/6). Very pale yellow~ brown surface. Few white grits.
Reddish yellow clay (7.5YR 7/6). Red paint (2.5YR 4/6).
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
0.
Cooking pot
Mortarium
Lamp
Body frag.
Jar
Jar
Jar
Jar
Jar
Pale brown clay (I OYR 6/3). Many tiny gray grits.
Light reddish brown clay (5YR 6/4). Gray and brown grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 6/6). Some gray and white grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 7/8). Few white and gray grits.
Red clay (2.5YR 5/6). Few white grits. Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4).
7
~.·~
-··
F
(
5
...-L ====j
7
···c...
6
2
I,
7
'
\
'
'
'' '
'
I
''
'
8
'
--~
;~=:::._,
.
9
3
4
0
5
10
15CM
Fig. 2.33. Area Al, L1195, phase Sb (+6a?/5c?).
No. Vessel
I.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Mortarium
Mortarium
Lamp
Lamp
Jar
Jar
Jar
Stand
Skyphos
Reg. No.
Description
11629/2
1162911
11629/3
11628/2
11635
11639
I 162811
11639
11629/4
Light reddish brown clay (5YR 6/4). Many small gray and white grits.
Reddish yellow clay (SYR 7/6). Many large and small white grits.
Light red clay (7 .5YR 6/8). Light yellowish surface. Large and small white grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 7/6). Few white grits.
Light reddish brown clay (SYR 6/4). Few white grits.
Light red clay (2.5YR 6/8). White surface outside ( l OYR 8/2). Few beige and gray grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 7/6). Few red and beige grits.
Dark olive clay (5Y 5/3). Shiny and gray grits. Inside shiny layer of slags or glass.
Light red clay (lOR 6/8). Lustrous black slip inside and out.
85
2
4
3
6
5
7
~"~"'"~"~~"W
8
p=
9
10
(0 r/T~~
14
13
~~-,
~-T'"'~r
17
11
r
.·
12
1
16
15
6~
Lll
18
20
19
0
/[/ ~
1
2 3CM
21
-----=:=tliilW!Iill
0
5
10
15CM
Fig. 2.34. Area C2, L4651, phase 6a/b.
/1/0.
I.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
2!.
86
T'essc!
Reg. No.
Description
Bowl
46635/4
46563/4
46539113
46625110
46539114
46563/7
46538/9
46635/8-9
46569/5
4653811
46538/20
46634/4
46538/6
46538/21
46569112
46539/12
46563/6
46584
46634/2
46631/2
46560/3
Light red clay (2.5YR 6/6). Some small white and beige grits.
Red-orange clay (2.5YR 5/8). Small gray and shiny grits. Red paint.
Red clay (2.5YR 5/6). Beige and some gray grits.
Pale brown clay (I OYR 6/3). Many white and gray grits.
Reddish yellow clay (7.5YR 6/6). Many large and small white grits.
Reddish brown clay (2.5YR 5/4). Many white and gray grits.
Light brown clay (7.5YR 6/4). Many small white, red, and gray grits.
Reddish yellow clay (7 .5YR 6/6). Reddish yellow slip (5YR 7/6). Black to dark reddish brown paint.
Reddish yellow cla.y (5YR 7/6). Self-slipped. Red band on interior (2.5YR 5/6).
Reddish brown clay (2.5YR 4/4). Small white and shiny grits.
Dark reddish brown clay (2.5YR 3/4). Small white and shiny grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 7/6). White surface outside.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 7/6). Tiny white, gray, and some red grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 6/6). Red and gray grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 7/6). Many red-brown grits.
Light red clay (2.5YR 6/6). Shiny and whiLe grits.
Light reddish brown clay (5YR 6/4). Large brown, gray, and white grits.
Reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) to light gray (5YR 7/l) day. Brown/dark brown paint (7.5YR 4/2).
Light reddish brown clay (5YR 6/4). Some small white grits. Dark gray paint (5YR 3/l).
Reddish brown clay (5YR 5/3). Small white grits.
Red clay (2.5YR 5/6). Lustrous black inside and out. Palmettes attached to incised line with ovule~
above four palmettes. Potter's mark on base.
Bowl
Mortarium
Mortar! urn
Mortarium
Mortarium
Mortarium
Bowl (East Greek)
Bowl (East Greek)
Cooking pot
Cooking pot
Jug!et
Juglet
Jar
Jar
Jar
Jar
Jar
Body frag. (East Greek)
Clay dice
Bowl
F~-···~
2
.....
0
1
--
2
,
3CM
4
......
0
1
5
3
6
~
7
9
8
~
10
11
13
0
5
10
15CM
Fig. 2.35. Area C2, L4628, phase Sb.
IVa. Vessel
I.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Bowl
Mortarium
Cooking pot
J uglet
Amphoriskos
Jug
Jar
Jar
Jar
Jar
Amphora
Amphora
Amphora
Reg. No.
Description
46385/9
46351/3
4641614
46385110
46385/l 0
46367
4638511
4636413
46367
46365/l
4637014
4641615
46368
Reddish yellow clay (SYR 6/6). Some mica grits. Lustrous black inside and concentric circles inside.
Pale yeilow clay (2.5YR 7/4). Many small white, few gray grits.
Red-brown clay (2.5YR 4/6). Many small gray and white grits.
Light reddish brown clay (SYR 6/4). Tiny gray grits. White surface outside. Red decoration on rim.
Reddish gray clay (SYR 5/2). Lustrous red-brown slip. Stamped with palmettes.
Light reddish brown clay (SYR 6/4). Small white, beige, and brown grits.
Light brown clay (7.5YR 6/4). Small gray grits.
Reddish yellow clay (7.5YR 7/6). Many small brown and gray grits.
Light red clay (2.5YR 6/8). Pale yellow surface (2.5Y 8/4). Small shiny grits.
Light brown clay (7.5YR 6/4). Many small gray and brown grits.
Buff-pink clay (7.5YR 7/4). Some small mica and beige grits.
Grayish brown clay (2.5Y 5/2). Small gray and mica grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 6/8). Some small white and mica grits.
87
Fig. 2.36. Area Cl, L4803, L4831, L4835, L49i6, phase 4c.
No. Vessel
Reg. No.
Locus
I. Bowl
4801614
4803
Description
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 718). Lustrous metallic dark gray and red slip inside at
out.
10.
II.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
Mortarium
Cooking pot
Cooking pot
Cooking pot
Cooking pot
Krater
Juglet
Juglet
Jug
Jug
Jug
Jug
Jug
Jug
Jar
Jar
Jar
Jar
Jar
Jar
Jar
Jar
Jar
Jar
Jar
Jar
Jar
48158/6
48149/1
48010/15
1849814
48035/6
48498/13
48006/1
48010/9
48009/8
48009/1
4800915
48009/3
485413
48035/3
48035/2
4801012
4801617
48010/19
4801619
48101/11
4817819
4819815
4817312
487314
485413
4815217
4815215
4831
4831
4803
4916
4803
49!6
4803
4803
4803
4803
4803
4803
4916
4803
4803
4803
4803
4803
4803
4803
4835
4916
4835
4835
4916
4831
4831
29.
30.
31.
32.
Amphora
Amphora
Amphora
Lamp
48511/1
48008/2
4810113
48009/6
4916
4803
4803
4803
48498
4916
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
33. Kylix
88
Light reddish brown clay (5YR 6/4). Gray surface outside. Many small white gri1
Red clay (2.5YR 5/8). Some gray and shiny grits.
Red clay (2.5YR 5/6). Small gray and shiny grits.
Red clay (2.5YR 5/8). Very large gray grits. Minute shiny grits.
Red clay (2.5YR 5/8). Tiny gray and white grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 7/6). Many white and gray grits. Red decoration.
Reddish yellow clay (7.5YR 7/6). Light yellow surface.
Pink clay (7.5YR 8/4). Few white and mica grits.
Pink clay (7.5YR 8/4). Many white grits.
Pink clay (7.5YR 7/4). Many large white and gray grits. Yellow-pink surface.
Yellowish red clay (5YR 5/8). Yellowish surface outside. Many gray and white grits
Pink clay (7.5YR 7/4). Yellowish surface outside. White and gray grits.
Pinkish gray clay (5YR 7/4). Beige surface. Many gray grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 7/6). Small brown grits.
Light yellowish brown clay (lOYR 6/4). Yellowish surface. Gray and white grits.
Light brown clay (7 .5YR 6/4). Pale yellow surface outside. Gray grits.
Light red clay ( 1OR 6/8). Pinkish yellow surface outside. Many small white grits.
Gray clay (7 .5YR N6). Yellowish surface outside. Large gray grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 6/6). Many large gray grits.
Reddish yellow clay (SYR 6/6). Small gray and shiny grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 6/6). Tiny gray grits.
Yellowish red clay (SY 5/8). Tiny gray and shiny grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 7/6). Gray and white grits.
Reddish yellow clay (7.5YR 7/6). Small white and gray grits.
Light brown clay (7.5YR 6/4). Some white and gray grits.
Reddish brown clay (5YR 5/4). Large white grits.
Yellowish red clay (5YR 5/6). Yellowish surface outside. Many large and small whil
grits.
Red clay (2.5YR 4/8). Light brown surface. Many mica and some beige grits.
Reddish yellow clay (7.5YR 7/6). Some small white and many mica grits.
Reddish yellow clay (SYR 7/6). Some white and mica grits. Traces of matt red paint.
Reddish yellow clay (SYR 7/6). Lighter and smoothed surface outside. Some whit
grits.
Lustrous black slip. Reserved leaves with thick white paint.
2
1
VI
-t
y-:--~T
5
4
3
HL
\::~~
i TV\)9
6
8
m
10
~[
1
~:t.
17
;;= · · .· I
~I-t.
19
-
24
27
1··-~
25
ff\
&
26
~If(.
21
20
--=t~ "lliiii"\-::
~·4
~\
13
15
18
~-1
I
1
1=1 r
t
14
Ec
r
12
11
.l .
(~
29
28
,
30
32
0
1
mMM'
2
3CM
MMW
31
33
0
5
10
15CM
Fig. 2.36.
89
Fig. 2.37. Area Cl, L4364, L4801, L4885, L4886, L4903, L4907, phase 4b.
No.
Vessel
I. Bowl
2. Bowl
3. Bowl
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
90
Bowl
Mortarium
Lid
Cooking pot
Cooking pot
Cooking pot
Krater
Juglet
Jug
Jug
Jar
Jar
Jar
Jar
Jar
Jar
Jar
Jar
Jar
Jar
Jar
Lamp
Handle
Lid
Figurine
Reg. No.
Locus
Description
48392/5
4337611
48348/2
4885
4364
4886
48470/8
48431/1
48448/4
48343/4
48464/6
48443/2
48003/2
48355/3
48470/6
48003/3
48355/2
48431/7
48003/l4
48464/l
48343/7
48470/l
48392/6
48464/4
48392/2
48446/4
48470/2
48003/4
48470/]1
48470/l2
48433
4907
4903
4903
4885
4907
4886
4801
4885
4907
4801
4885
4903
4901
4907
4885
4907
4885
4907
4885
4903
4902
4801
4907
4907
4903
Very dark gray clay (5YR 3/1). Minute mica grits. Lustrous black slip.
Pink clay (SYR 7/6). Small gray, white, and mica grits. Lustrous black slip.
Light red clay (I OR 6/8). Few white grits. Matt red slip ( 1OR 5/8) inside and on 1
of outside.
Light brown clay (7.5YR 6/4). Few gray and white grits.
Pink clay (7.5YR 7/4). Yellowish surface outside. Many large gray and white gri
Red clay (lOR 5/8). Many white grits.
Dark brown clay (7.5YR 4/4). Many large gray and brown grits.
Red day (2.5YR 5/8). Large brown and minute mica grits.
Red clay (2.5YR 4/6). Small gray and mica grits.
Reddish yellowclay(7 .5YR 8/6). White surface (5Y 8/1 ). Very few small beige grit
Reddish yellow clay (7.5YR 7/6). Small gray grits.
Light red clay ( 1OR 6/6). Small white grits.
Yellow day (IOYR 8/6). Many gray and white grits.
Red clay (2.5YR 5/8). Yellowish gray surface. White and mica grits.
Light reddish brown clay (5YR 6/3). Many large white and gray grits.
Light reddish brown clay (5YR 6/3). Large brown and small gray grits.
Light reddish brown clay (5YR 6/3). Large brown and small gray grits.
Light red clay ( 1OR 6/8). Few small white grits.
Pale red clay (lOR 6/4). Many small white and brown grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 6/6). Many small gray grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 6/8). Many small gray grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 6/6). Small white grits.
Reddish gray clay (5YR 5/2). Many large gray grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 6/8). Gray and white grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 7/6). Some small gray and brown grits.
Very pale brown clay (IOYR 7/3). Many large gray and brown grits.
Light reddish brown clay (5YR 6/4). Some white grits.
Light red clay (2.5YR 6/6). Small gray grits.
---,
6
7
5
~-
-1
-cc~,
rr~s
10
11
9
rT-f
~- ---1
13
Yl---=t
---\
14
15
n" ~T' ,:'16
17
18
·~
20
21
19
0
1
2 3CM
22
~I
~I"'"
25
. -·
~
28
27
0
26
5
10
15CM
Fig. 2.37.
91
~
ll_. _7
2
5
3
6
7
~~-····I
8
_f
9
10
12
11
13
15
14
0
5
10
15CM
Fig. 2.38. Area Cl (phase Sa).
Vessel
Reg. No.
Locus
Description
I. Mortarium
2. Mortarium
48195/4
48!98/2
4844
4848
Light brown clay (7.5YR 6/4). Gray, white, and mica grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 7/6). Many large and small white and shiny grits. Pin
surface (7.5YR 7/4).
3. Mortarium
48!88/1
4843
No.
Reddish yellow clay (7.5YR 6/6). Many smal! white and gray grits. Pinkish-gray su
face outside.
4. Juglet
5. Jar
6. Jar
7. Jar
8. Jar
9. Jar
10. Jar
II. Jar
12. Jug
13. Lamp
14. Stand
!5. Stand
92
4842411
48195/8
48189/5
48198/1
48522
45189/1
48200/3
48442/3
48471/2
48424/2
48148/2
48522
4899
4844
4844
4848
4928
4844
4843
4900
4900
4899
4829
4928
Very pale brown clay (IOYR 8/3). Few beige grits.
Light red clay (2.5YR 6/8). Many white grits. Light brown surface Outside.
Light grey clay (I OYR 7/2). Many small gray grits.
Very pale brown clay (IOYR 8/3). Some gray grits.
Light red clay (2.5YR 6/8). Many large white and few gray grits.
Light reddish brown clay (5YR 6/4). Many large white and gray grits.
Red clay (2.5YR 5/8). Many large and small white grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 7/6). Few gray and shiny grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 7/6). Some gray grits.
Reddish yellow clay (5YR 6/6). Large and small gray and red grits.
Red clay (2.5YR 5/6). Many large and small white grits.
Red clay (2.5YR 4/8). Many white and gray grits.