www.apsnet.org
April 2015 • Volume 49 • Number 4
Save a Thousand Words with the
New APS Image Database!
For many years, professors and extension
experts have relied on APS PRESS image
CDs for their presentations, handouts, and
other documents. APS members can now get
the latest images from APS PRESS in one
place for the low subscription price of just
$49 annually through the new APS Image
Database!
This brand-new, continually growing
collection of images is the perfect go-to
resource for high-quality, accurate photos of
diseases, insects, other pests, and disorders.
Subscribers can search a large and growing
pool of images of various infectious diseases,
including those caused by fungi and
oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, phytoplasmas,
viroids, and nematodes, as well as images
of insect pests, mites, worm pests, and
noninfectious disorders.
The APS Image Database also covers a
range of crops that will continue to expand.
The images can serve as both a diagnostic
aid, a place to pull images for PowerPointbased classroom and extension presentations,
and a very convenient source of images and
descriptions for classroom handouts.
There are many feature-rich reasons to
subscribe.
• Get 24/7 access to thousands of images for
presentations and lectures.
• Search through a simple interface.
• Instantly create and download handouts
that include images, common names,
species, host names, and other scientific
information.
• All images and captions are peer-reviewed
by experts from APS!
Nearly 2,000 disease and pest images will be
available the first year, and APS PRESS expects
to add at least 1,000 images each year going
2015 APS Election Opens Next Month
Voting for the 2015 election opens May 5, 2015. Profiles of the top two candidates for vice
president and councilor-at-large will be published in the May issue of Phytopathology News.
You will receive an e-mail on May 5 with a link to the online 2015 APS Officer Election.
Instructions for voting will be provided within the online ballot. Voting closes on May 29,
2015. (Members without an e-mail address on file will be mailed a ballot.) n
forward from new APS PRESS publications
and from image donations by APS members.
Anyone may view and search the
watermarked images in the database to see
how it works, but a subscription is required
to get the full complement of features and
functionality. For members, the cost is only
$49 per year; for nonmembers, the cost is
$159. Visit www.apsnet.org/ImageDB to learn
more.
Note: Subscribers can use these images for many
educational, noncommercial uses. A separate fee
and written request for permission is required
for commercial use of images. This product is not
available to institutions or libraries.
How to subscribe
Call 1.800.481.2698 in the U.S./Canada
(+1.651.454.7250 elsewhere or
[email protected]) to get your subscription
today! Or renew your membership.
In This Issue
Editor’s Corner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Office of Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Public Policy Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Office of International Programs . . . . . 48
People . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Classifieds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Calendar of Events. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Phytopathology News 41
www.apsnet.org
Editor-in-Chief: Doug Jardine
Managing Editor: Michelle Bjerkness
Editor: Amanda Baumann
Design: Dawn Mathers
Advertising Sales: Rhonda Wilkie
Phytopathology News (ISSN 0278-0267) is published eleven times per
year by The American Phytopathological Society (APS) at 3340 Pilot
Knob Road, St. Paul, MN 55121 U.S.A. Phone: +1.651.454.7250,
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Submission Guidelines
Address all editorial correspondence to: Doug Jardine, Department of
Plant Pathology, 4024 Throckmorton Hall, Kansas State University,
Manhattan, KS, 66506-5502 U.S.A. Phone: +1.785.532.1386; Fax:
+1.785.532.5692; E-mail: [email protected]. In order to
ensure timely publication of your news items and announcements,
please send in material six weeks prior to the date of publication.
Material should be no more than six months old when submitted.
Submission of materials as electronic files, via e-mail, will speed
processing. For information on submitting electronic images contact
Amanda Baumann at [email protected]. Deadline for submitting
items for the June 2015 issue is April 15, 2015.
APS Leadership
Council
President: A. Rick Bennett
President-Elect: Sally A. Miller
Vice President: Timothy D. Murray
Immediate Past President: George S. Abawi
Internal Communications Officer: David M. Gadoury
Treasurer: Steven A. Slack
Senior Councilor-at-Large: Mary E. Palm
Councilor-at-Large: Eric C. Tedford
Councilor-at-Large: Lindsey J. du Toit
Divisional Councilor: Lawrence E. Datnoff
Publications Councilor: Niklaus Grunwald
Executive Vice President: Amy L. Hope
Editors-in-Chief
APS PRESS: Timothy C. Paulitz
MPMI: Jane Glazebrook
Phytopathology: Krishna Subbarao
Phytopathology News: Doug J. Jardine
Plant Disease: Mark L. Gleason
Plant Disease Management Reports: Kenneth W. Seebold
Plant Health Progress: Pamela Roberts
The Plant Health Instructor: Katherine L. Stevenson
Plant Management Network: Cristi Palmer
Board and Office Chairs and Directors
Academic Unit Leader Forum Chair: James R. Bradeen
APS Foundation Chair: Ray D. Martyn
Divisional Forum Chair: Jay W. Pscheidt
PPB Chair: Jan E. Leach
Publications Board Chair: Niklaus Grunwald
OE Director: Tom Mitchell
OIP Director: Marcial A. Pastor-Corrales
OPSR Director: Courtney A. Gallup
OPRO Director: Monica L. Elliott
AMB Director: Amy O. Charkowski
Division Officers
Caribbean
Divisional Forum Rep.: Ronald French-Monar
President: Hilda Victoria Silva-Rojas
Secretary-Treasurer: 
Consuelo Estevez De Jensen
North Central
Divisional Forum Rep.: Amanda Gevens
President: George Sundin
Secretary-Treasurer: Kiersten Wise
Northeastern
Divisional Forum Rep.: David Rosenberger
President: Francis Ferrandino
Vice President: Steven Johnson
Secretary-Treasurer: Margaret McGrath
Pacific
Divisional Forum Rep.: Jay Pscheidt
President: Juliet Marshall
President-Elect: David Gent
Secretary-Treasurer: Soumaila Sanogo
Potomac
Divisional Forum Rep.: Yilmaz Balci
President: Jo Anne Crouch
Vice President: Mizuho Nita
Secretary-Treasurer: Mahfuzur Rahman
Southern
Divisional Forum Rep.: Kenneth Seebold
President: 
Nicole Ward-Gauthier
President-Elect: Kevin Ong
Vice President: Travis Faske
Secretary-Treasurer: Rebecca Melanson
42 April 2015
Editor’s Corner
The 2015 APS Annual Meeting—
A “Golden” Opportunity
Doug Jardine, Kansas State University, [email protected]
This year, APS is headed to California, the “Golden State,” which
has long been a popular designation for California and was made
the official state nickname in 1968 according to 50states.com.
Furthermore, the website states that the nickname “is particularly
appropriate since California’s modern development can be traced
back to the discovery of gold in 1848 and fields of golden poppies
can be seen each spring throughout the state.”
More specifically, our destination is the Pasadena Convention
Center. In recent years, I have dedicated a monthly column to
the upcoming national meeting. Personally, this is my fourth
APS Annual Meeting in California; two in San Diego and one
in Anaheim, but I have never been to Pasadena and I am guessing there are a lot of other
members who have never been there either. So, here are some facts about our summer
gathering place.
Following a severe winter in 1872–1873, an Indianapolis investment group, seeking
a warmer climate, purchased a portion of Rancho San Pasqual. A main reason for
incorporation in 1886 was to abolish saloons and the sale of alcohol in the area. The word
Pasadena is an Ojibwa Indian word meaning “valley.” Pasadena, TX, was named after
its California counterpart since some thought the areas resembled each other. The name
Pasadena has been given to three U.S. navy vessels, including the current USS Pasadena
(SSN-752), a nuclear submarine. A previous ship, USS Pasadena (CL-65), was a light cruiser
that received six battle stars during WWII. To no one’s surprise, the city’s official flower is
the rose. A wild parrot population can be seen and heard throughout the city. Legend has it
that their ancestors were escapees from a 1959 fire that destroyed Simpson’s Gardenland and
Bird Farm, although some may be descended from released pets or even smugglers trying to
avoid arrest. A common breed is the red-crowned parrot.
Of course, Pasadena is most famous for being home to the Rose Bowl and the
Tournament of Roses parade. Constructed in 1922, the Rose Bowl sits on the site of a
former landfill. Besides being the “granddaddy” of all college football bowl games, it is also
the home field for the Bruins football team. The Tournament of Roses parade has been held
since January 1, 1890. This past January was the 126th edition of the annual event. The
parade route is 5.5 miles long. Floats must be completely covered with flowers, greenery,
or other natural material, with an average float requiring up to 100,000 blossoms. About
1,000,000 people come to Pasadena to watch the parade each year.
Of course, Pasadena is a suburb of Los Angeles. If you missed Disneyland or Universal
Studios in 2004, you will have another chance to visit these family-friendly tourist
attractions. Also close by for those with a car will be the Angeles National Forest, the San
Gabriel Mountains, and the famous pier at Santa Monica.
More important than the tourism opportunities, however, Pasadena will provide APS
members and guests a terrific scientific program and numerous networking opportunities.
You can view the scientific program now at www.apsnet.org/meetings/annual/sciprogram.
So please come join me for this “golden” opportunity to listen to and discuss the cuttingedge advances in plant pathology, network with colleagues and potential employers, and
enjoy the many sights of sunny southern California.
Editor’s Note: In my February column on land-grant colleges, I erred in stating that
Cornell University (CU) is a private university. CU is private—at least the endowed part of the
university is. But it is also has several statutory colleges all supported in part by the state of New
York, including the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, the College of Human Ecology, and
the College of Veterinary Medicine. n
Communications and New Frontiers
Anne Vidaver, University of Nebraska, [email protected]
Plant pathology
remains a small and
largely invisible
discipline to the
general public
(Gadoury et al.,
2009), requiring
explanation of
its name. Clarity
is needed within
10 seconds or less, the modern norm for
introductory understanding. So, APS
should continue the modernization of plant
pathology’s image with suitable name changes
and urge governments to do likewise, such as
USDA’s pest management program known
as IR-4. Insiders may know that IR-4 stands
for Interregional Research Project 4, but this
name provides no clue as to what it does. Its
little-known purpose, however, is crucial to
the health of minor and specialty crops, by
providing substantial funding to researchers
working to develop new crop protection
mechanisms and their registration.
Name recognition is especially important
to the powerful players that hold the purse
strings, particularly the federal government.
With fewer persons in public office who
understand and appreciate science at any
level, support for many of the sciences has
waned (see CRS Report for Congress 2014).
Agriculture is not generally recognized as a
major contributor to basic or applied research,
much less to the development of new products
and processes. Yet the need for trained
specialists in agriculture and related sciences
has never been greater. Industry needs plant
pathologists to help protect their developing
new crops, and for interactions with peers
developing nanotechnology, electronics,
and other sciences to enhance the growth,
quality, and yield of major and minor crops.
Other plants for sequestration of greenhouse
gases, biomass production, and reforestration
are also challenged by microbial pathogens.
Thus, support for plant pathology is critically
important to the health of the earth.
Climate change is occurring at a rapid
pace, affecting plant survival, architecture,
composition, and interactions with associated
microbes. While plants may grow faster at
higher temperatures and carbon dioxide levels,
they also may be less nutritious and produce
lower yields (Fedoroff et al., 2010). Selective
breeding and controlling known and emerging
plant pathogens in these new environs could
help to combat this paradoxical result of our
changing climate. Much more needs to be
known about plant survival, contributions
to yields, and microbial communities in
areas with water quality change (ocean
acidification), and productivity in newly
submerged flood plains. Plant pathologists,
along with scientists from other disciplines,
need to be monitoring changing aquatic
systems, both saline and freshwater, for
pathogens of useful plants and for potential
control of problem plants.
For plant pathology to adapt and grow, we
must improve communication and invest time
and effort into planning for major changes
in plant growth and availability, especially
aquatic plants. Adaptations and solutions need
attention now for sustainability and planetary
survival.
Congressional Research Service. 2013, Federal
Research and Development Funding: FY2014.
59 pp.
Fedoroff, N.V. et al., 2010. Radically rethinking
agriculture for the 21st century. Science 833834.
Gadoury, D. M. et al., 2009. Disciplinary,
institutional, funding, and demographic trends
in Plant Pathology: What does the future hold
for the profession? Plant Dis. 93: 1228-1237. n
Our Recent Experience with PostPublication Peer Review at PubPeer
Niklaus Grunwald, Publications Councilor, [email protected]
Recently, our editor-in-chief for Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions
(MPMI), Jane Glazebrook, was contacted by PubPeer regarding two
dozen publications in MPMI that were flagged as having “oddities about
banding in gels in a 2005 paper … [that subsequently] spurred a postpublication peer review of [all] the 2013 …” volume papers published in
MPMI.
PubPeer, in their own words, “seeks to create an online community that
uses the publication of scientific results as an opening for fruitful discussion
among scientists. With PubPeer, scientists can comment on almost any
scientific article published with a DOI or preprint in the arXiv. The site
has been put together by a diverse team of early-stage scientists in collaboration with programmers
who have collectively decided to remain anonymous in order to avoid personalizing the website, and
to avoid circumstances in which involvement with the site might produce negative effects on their
scientific careers.”
This post-publication peer review has already resulted in some corrections to publications
through a discussion with the anonymously posted comments. You can search PubPeer for
MPMI and browse some of the posts and associated discussions.
I contacted the PubPeer sender of the e-mail request to MPMI for clarifications and never
received a response. Thus, at this point, PubPeer does not allow for a discussion regarding its
editorial policies and does not disclose identities of its editorial board. Some of the posts that
were critical of the publications pointed out that letters in multiple mean comparisons were out
of order. These posts were removed after the scientific community pointed out that this is not a
valid comment, yet the papers flagged remain on the site. The APS Publications Board will try to
work with PubPeer to improve the experience for authors targeted by PubPeer, although at this
point they are not engaging in a discussion.
Given that this is a new development, the APS Publications Board has discussed our position
and suggested protocols for dealing with this new reality. Our board sees the responsibility of
responding to any PubPeer alerts as residing with the authors and we will not get involved in
commenting on any PubPeer posts. APS journals will of course accept errata when necessary.
The PubBoard sees post-publication peer review as a fundamentally good approach if executed
carefully to find and correct errors in the scientific literature. Thus, we are fully supportive of
post-publication peer review.
Please feel free to write me directly if you have been approached by PubPeer or other postpublication peer review venues to share your experience or if you have comments about or
disagreements with the current policy. n
Phytopathology News 43
Significant Improvements Coming
to APS Journals
Niklaus Grünwald, APS Publications Board Chair, [email protected]; Krishna
Subbarao, Phytopathology Editor-in-Chief, [email protected]; Jane Glazebrook, MPMI
Editor-in-Chief, [email protected]; Mark Gleason, Plant Disease Editor-in-Chief, mgleason@
iastate.edu; Pamela Roberts, Plant Health Progress Editor-in-Chief, [email protected]
Your APS Publications Board has been
working with APS publications staff to
improve how our scientific papers are
published. Starting with the April issues,
Phytopathology, MPMI, and Plant Disease
will be publishing papers in full-text html
online using an XML-first workflow. XML,
which stands for extensible markup language,
is a web-specific language for presenting
information effectively on the Internet. Our
move to XML will bring several significant
improvements and is a timely upgrade to our
publishing strategy.
Why Do We Need XML?
XML to html has become the de facto
standard for publishing online and APS is
pleased to roll out this new capability with
the April issues and apply the new formatting
retroactively to the January 2015 issues later in
the year.
What Advantages Will
XML Bring?
Publishing the full article in XML will bring
several distinct advantages.
• Full indexing and easy discovery—Going
forward, the entire article will be more easily
indexed by search engines, including text,
figures, and tables, which will be available
for browsing and indexing on interactive
web pages. Thus, search engines like Google
will be able to retrieve contents from all
portions of a paper.
Important APS Dates
to Remember
May 2015
5 Voting begins for 2015 APS election
13 Advanced registration closes for APS
Annual Meeting
15 Nominations for APS Outstanding
Volunteer Award due
July 2015
1 Art in Phytopathology submissions
due
44 April 2015
• Social media sharing—XML makes it easy
to share any portion of an article on social
media, such as Twitter, Google+, or
Scoop.it.
• Faster turnaround times—In the past, our
workflow involved creating articles in PDF
format first, followed by rendering other
formats afterwards. Now, XML formatting
is partially automated and occurs first, and
copyediting and figure preparation occur
in parallel. Furthermore, our XML service
provider, Dartmouth Journal Services, also
provides us with the ability to electronically
automate billing and galley proofing. These
two changes will decrease the time from
acceptance to print by several weeks. The
galleys are expected to be available for
authors’ review in less than 10 days postacceptance. Once galleys are proofed, they
can be published in full XML as quickly as
24 hours.
• Better presentation on mobile devices—
More of us are reading our journals on
mobile devices. The new formatting will
enhance this practice. Of course, you will
still be able to print or view a PDF file of
any article.
What Other Changes Can
We Expect?
You may have already noticed that the
guidelines to the authors have changed to
establish similar formats across all three print
journals. For example, all three journals now
use the “Harvard style” for references.
Also, coming later this year will be the
ability to bypass the abstract and jump from
a search result in Web of Science or Pub
Med directly to the full-text article, if your
institution has access to APS journals.
Altmetrics is coming, too. You can already
see who cites APS articles, but altmetrics will
show you how often articles are shared on
social media.
We hope you like these new changes.
Please feel free to contact any of us if you
have suggestions for our journals. We are very
excited to see these changes implemented and
hope you will like them as well. We hope you
will check out the April issues and tweet about
articles of interest to your colleagues in the
APS plant pathology community; and watch
for Plant Health Progress to join our main
journals site later this year. n
Make Your Plans
for the 2015 APS
Annual Meeting
The APS Annual
Meeting website
now offers a trove
of information
and activities to
fill your schedule
from August 1–5, 2015, in beautiful
Pasadena, CA! Check out these highlights
and more at www.apsnet.org/meet and
check back often for the latest up-to-date
information on the meeting.
Just Announced
• Tuesday’s Plenary presentation, “When
Generations Connect,” featuring Scott
Zimmer, generations expert, BridgeWorks
Back by Popular Demand
• Poster Huddles—In-depth discussions
with poster authors on focused areas of
science
• Idea Cafes—Informal roundtable
discussions with experts in their fields
• PhytoViews—Facilitated discussion on
topics featuring various points of view
Scientific Sessions
• New for 2015! Take A Walk Sessions—
Scientific sessions held under the blue
California sky at Huntington Garden
(modest fee and preregistration required)
Alumni Socials
• Gather with colleagues and friends
in an outdoor setting at a new time,
immediately after the Opening Reception,
from 6:00 to 7:00 p.m.
Closing Night Celebration—
California Dreamin’
• Take advantage of the great outdoors and
beautiful California sunsets at this not-tobe-missed end-of-the-meeting event. n
KEY DATES
Registration and Housing Now Open
May 13
Advanced registration closes
May 15
Exhibit space final payment
due
June 4
Registration deadline for
presenters with abstracts
June 30
Regular registration closes
July 3
Housing deadline
FOLLOW US!
A Professional Speaking Skills Course for Plant Pathology
Graduate Students?
Mark Gleason ([email protected]), Leonor Leandro ([email protected]), and Sally Mallowa ([email protected]), Department of Plant
Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University
Does the following story seem realistic to
you? Four well-qualified candidates interview
for a faculty position at your university. After
the usual seminars, chalk talks, and meet and
greets, candidate A gets the job offer—even
though candidates B, C, and D each had
publication records and relevant experience
that were similar to or more lustrous than
those of candidate A.
How did this happen? It’s simple: candidate
A got the offer because she was the most
persuasive and interesting speaker, the one
who connected most effectively with faculty,
students, staff, and administrators. This sort of
interview outcome is common. And it’s ironic,
too, considering that most graduate students
devote so much time to developing their
research skills and so little to polishing their
speaking skills.
Here’s another story. A graduate student
makes an exciting advance in his research and
signs up to give a seminar in front of his entire
department to communicate this happy news.
Twenty minutes into the seminar, he notices
that all the audience members look either
puzzled or sleepy. The student’s excitement
didn’t resonate with the audience. What went
wrong?
Excellent speaking skills are as vital to your
career advancement as strong research skills.
Not just for seminars and job interviews, but
also for lab meetings, brown bags, conference
presentations, field days, prelim exams, and
thesis defenses. But few graduate students in
our discipline—or in most other biological
sciences—receive effective training in
presentation skills. If this is a weakness in your
professional preparation, how can it be fixed?
This article is a plea for graduate students
to make a push to gain the speaking skills they
need for professional success. On the Internet,
you can read lots of verbiage and watch TED
talks about how to improve your speaking
style. There are several helpful and inexpensive
books on the subject, too. But public speaking
is a performance skill, like playing a musical
instrument or shooting a basketball. You raise
your skill level only through focused practice
and critical feedback.
So how can you become a better speaker?
One way is to find a course that enables you
to focus on improving your style. This might
be in an English or speech communications
program on your campus or Toastmasters
or Dale Carnegie courses off campus. But
how about a speaking skills course aimed at
scientists? A special challenge facing scientific
speakers is to communicate clearly and
engagingly outside of your own lab group or
discipline—or even outside science entirely. In
our view, effective professional speaking skills
training for scientists should be led, or at least
co-led, by scientists or other professionals who
understand these challenges.
In the Department of Plant Pathology
and Microbiology at Iowa State University
(ISU), we recently developed a semester-long
graduate course with the goal of helping
graduate students in biological sciences
enhance their speaking skills. Each student
presents six science-related talks to the class
during the semester, including three different
topics and time limits, each performed twice
(before and after receiving feedback). The
presenters get three types of feedback each
time: transcribed scores and constructive
comments from classmates via evaluation
rubrics; a YouTube video of their performance;
and individual coaching from instructors
in separate practice sessions. The power of
this three-pronged approach is that students
can pinpoint their strengths and weaknesses
and track their performance-to-performance
improvements as they gain confidence and
improve their speaking habits.
The ISU speaking skills course has met
overwhelmingly positive responses from
students since it began in 2011. One Ph.D.
student commented that it was the most
valuable class in her entire seven years of grad
school. We start with the conviction that every
student can become an excellent speaker.
There are as many speaking styles as there
are personalities, so the goal is to help each
speaker present the best version of themselves
in professional settings. The path to that goal
differs from student to student. But the course
helps them develop the habits of preparation
that enable them to excel, along with the
conviction that they can excel.
What does this have to do with you?
Does the anxiety of facing prelims leave you
sleepless even after months of study? Does
looking at a seminar schedule leave you
sighing in relief that at least you don’t have to
present anything this time? In other words, do
you feel a need to improve your professional
speaking skills? If so, here are a couple of
suggestions for raising your game via group
training (you need an audience, so working
with a group is by far the best way). Option 1
is to persuade one or more faculty members to
develop such a course. Maybe you could even
co-instruct the course. You don’t need to be a
speech communication professional to be an
effective instructor, merely to learn and follow
some basic principles and have a willingness
to coach. Structuring such a speaking skills
course is easy: just borrow a syllabus template
from us, read a few short speaking skills
guidebooks, and off you go. If your faculty
members give you the dead-fish eyes when
you propose this idea, Option 2 is to start a
presenters club; like a journal club, only the
focus is on oral presentation skills.
The key to success in professional speaking,
as with music or athletics, is to continue
developing your skills through focused,
relentless practice. It’s a great idea to seek out
opportunities to give presentations: volunteer
to give a brown bag or departmental seminar;
ask your extension faculty if you can present
your research at a grower meeting, or offer a
guest lecture in a course of your interest. This
extra effort will pay off in the long run. But
in order to become the speaker you’d like to
be, we feel that nothing beats taking a strong
speaking-skills course. Can you afford not to
do this? n
Phytopathology News 45
Office of Education
Education Is Everywhere at APS
Thomas Mitchell, Office of Education Director, [email protected]
From content to activities to training,
educational resources abound at APS. Woven
through many centers, committees, and
offices, the educational mission of APS is
visible and thriving whether it is activities for
K-12 students and teachers, laboratory exercise
for undergraduate students, or training
modules for graduate students. However, we
have learned that many APS members are not
aware of what is available and what group in
the society is responsible of which aspect. Here
is a brief description of some of the primary
resources and groups leading the educational
initiatives in the society.
Office of Education (OE)
The mission of OE is to promote plant
pathology curricula and support the
educational development of plant pathologists
and those interested in plant pathology
through a variety of APS initiatives. OE
is broadly defined to include all aspects of
current and future educational needs of APS.
Its charge is to be a strategic body that brings
together the diverse activities in the realm of
education to have a strategic and coordinated
approach to plant pathology education. They
work closely with the Education Center,
the Office of Public Relations and Outreach
(OPRO), the Teaching Committee, and the
professional development website, Career
Advancement and Development Resources
and Education (CADRE), as well as the other
boards, offices, and subject matter committees
to promote and organize educational efforts.
The Education Center
The APS Education Center includes peerreviewed publications, which constitute the
online journal The Plant Health Instructor, as
well as a deep portfolio of resources for plant
pathology education. Resources for a broad
range of activities are available, including
outreach to K-12 teachers, materials for
introductory and advanced plant pathology
students, and teaching notes and articles. This
is our one-stop-shop for in-class materials
generated by members for instructing plant
pathology.
Office of Public Relations and
Outreach (OPRO)
OPRO’s mission is to promote plant health,
plant diseases, and associated microorganisms
to the public and members; increase media
coverage of plant health issues; advocate and
strengthen science-based public policy; and
promote plant pathology to students and
educators. OPRO members regularly attend
national teachers conferences and sponsor
workshops to promote plant pathology-based
learning activities for biology teachers as well
as develop new activities for the classroom.
Teaching Committee
This standing committee considers
aspects of instruction and education in the
discipline of phytopathology, other than
those traditionally reserved for continuing
education, such as those activities carried out
by the extension service and other agencies.
Their work is coordinated with OE to evaluate
the needs of the educators in the society and
the generation of programs and initiative to
fulfill those needs. Their activities include
sponsoring Special Sessions, workshops for
educators, member surveys, and annual
meeting programming for education.
While these are only a few of the long list
of groups within APS engaged in some way
with the educational enterprise of the society,
they represent the groups that the various
committees should consider engaging with
as they plan the development of educational
materials, activities, initiatives, and outreach.
Please feel free to contact the leadership of
any of the groups listed above for help, advice,
or support for any project you have ongoing
or are planning (www.apsnet.org/members/
apsleadership). n
Divisional Forum Meets in Atlanta
The APS Divisional Forum (DF) met in Atlanta, GA, in January during
the APS Southern Division meeting. Those in attendance included
the following DF representatives: Ron French (Caribbean Division),
Amanda Givens (North Central Division), David Rosenberger
(Northeastern Division), Jay Pscheidt (Pacific Division), Yilmaz Balci
(Potomac Division), Tim Brenneman (Southern Division, for Kenny
Seebold); and Lawrence Datnoff (DF councilor).
The purpose of these meetings is to bring the forum’s leadership
together so that each representative can have a better understanding
of how each division runs their respective meetings and have a direct
view on how well the Engagement Plan on educational outreach and
promoting extension/industry linkages is being implemented since
the plan’s inception (www.apsnet.org/members/apsleadership/comm/
Pages/DivisionalResources.aspx). The forum also works on larger issues
common to each division. This meeting resulted in the following.
• Engagement Plan—A summary of division activities in the last few
years will be forthcoming at the next forum meeting.
• Division Forum Graduate Student Special Session—Come see the
best of the best Tuesday afternoon at the APS Annual Meeting in
Pasadena.
46 April 2015
Front Row:
Amanda Givens,
Yilmaz Balci,
Lawrence
Datnoff, and Ron
French;
Back Row: David
Rosenberger, Jay
Pscheidt, and
Tim Brenneman
• Finances—Each division has money housed in securities that is well
monitored by APS Headquarters; current divisional finances are
sound.
• Abstract criteria—Authors submitting abstracts for divisional
meetings will need to have them reviewed by two nonauthors. n
Public Policy Board
Phytobiomes in the Classroom
Jose Pablo Dundore-Arias, Public Policy Board [PPB] intern (student perspective), [email protected], and Gwyn A. Beattie, PPB member (instructor
perspective), [email protected]
The discipline of plant
pathology has long
recognized that pathogens,
plants, and the environment
interact to affect plant health
and disease. Moreover, most
plant pathologists acknowledge that additional
organisms in the plant biome, including
other microbes, insects, and nonpathogenic
nematodes, may have important roles in
plant health and disease. Plant pathology
curricula, however, generally do not explicitly
include the experimental and conceptual tools
for studying the complete biome of plants,
i.e., the phytobiome, nor do they include
modeling approaches aimed at generating a
systems-level understanding of plant health
and productivity. These tools and approaches
are revolutionizing the medical sciences and
have the potential to do the same for the
agricultural sciences. For plant pathologists,
they offer the potential to integrate basic
questions such as: Which organisms are present
in the phytobiome? What are they doing? How do
phytobiomes influence plant disease or resistance?
How can a phytobiome be manipulated to
increase agricultural productivity? We need
to equip our graduates with knowledge of
tools for profiling plant microbiomes, which
comprise a major portion of phytobiomes,
and for characterizing the complex networks
of interactions within plant ecosystems.
Ultimately, researchers and practitioners who
have a strong foundation in the fundamentals
of plant pathology, a systems-level
understanding of phytobiomes, and a genuine
interest in agricultural production will be in
the best position to translate research findings
in plant pathology into practical benefits in
the field.
The Value of Learning about
Phytobiomes within a Plant
Pathology Curriculum:
A Student’s Perspective
Students graduating with a degree in plant
pathology or a related discipline are expected
to be conversant in the tools of the field. Just
as graduates who lack knowledge of molecular
biology will miss opportunities to use PCR
Jose Pablo Dundore-Arias Gwyn A. Beattie
when performing diagnostic, epidemiological,
or genetic studies, graduates who lack
knowledge of systems biology and approaches
for characterizing the phytobiome will miss
opportunities to approach pathosystems
at a holistic level. Current plant pathology
curricula provide exposure to a broad range
of disciplines, including the etiology and
management of economically important
plant diseases; however, opportunities
are often limited for exposure to holistic
approaches to investigate complex systems
such as phytobiomes. The incorporation
of these approaches into plant pathology
courses will increase appreciation for the
power of quantitative biology in research and
promote training in statistics, bioinformatics,
and computational modeling in an era
when computers are considered the “new
microscope” in biology. Students recognize
that training in these areas is becoming
a prerequisite for positions in academia,
industry, and government. Ultimately,
familiarity with experimental and systems
approaches for characterizing phytobiomes
will increase career opportunities, possibilities
for collaboration across disciplines, and the
breadth and depth of research questions that
can be explored.
Phytobiomes as a Component
of a Plant Pathology
Curriculum: An Instructor’s
Perspective
Teaching about phytobiomes is challenging.
First, the delimiters of phytobiomes research
can be unclear, especially in this nascent period
of transition from organism/gene inventories
and correlation analyses to integrated
meta’omic tools and multiscale modeling.
Second, the complexity can be overwhelming
and advances in the technologies and data
analyses are occurring so rapidly that it can
be difficult to keep course content current.
And third, students who are interested in
the mechanistic interactions within specific
pathosystems may not be inherently interested
in approaches to explore a broader array
of interactions. A lesson that I learned in
teaching about the microbiome component
of phytobiomes is to start by fostering an
intuitive feel for the structure of microbial
communities, that is, to illustrate the critical
implications for “representative” sampling of
having large populations of a few species and
small populations of each of a great many
species. The array of techniques and technical
detail that can be taught is vast; consequently,
I have found that focusing on questions that
can be addressed with a few major techniques
helps students see the forest through the trees
and gives them a starting point for considering
the phytobiome when addressing research
questions. Similarly, by exposing students to
diverse approaches to visualizing and analyzing
complex data, I have found that students
can better conceptualize the phytobiome as a
system and ideally visualize their pathosystem
as a component of a highly integrated network
of interactions.
Potential Payoffs for
Incorporating Phytobiomes
into Plant Pathology Curricula
A focus on phytobiomes may increase
the appeal of the curricula to a broader
audience, including microbial ecologists, plant
physiologists and geneticists, entomologists,
and soil scientists, thus enriching the diversity
and interdisciplinary exchange within
our courses. Moreover, an emphasis on
systems-level knowledge encourages linking
holistic knowledge of the phytobiome with
strategies to improve plant health, thus better
translating basic knowledge into applications
for sustained disease management. Simply
put, we will be in a better position to meet
the challenges facing global food security
issues by including systems-level perspectives
of phytobiomes when training the next
generation of plant pathologists. n
Phytopathology News 47
OIP News & Views
2015 Books for the World Awardees
The Books for the World program, managed jointly by the APS Foundation and the
Office of International Programs (OIP), was established to provide resources from the
APS online bookstore to scientists, extension educators, diagnosticians, instructors, and
others in developing countries. In its second year, the following three proposals were
funded:
Five diverse publications will be provided to Olanrewaju Folusho Olotuah,
Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Adekunle Ajasin University, Nigeria, for use in student
education through the departmental library.
Four teaching references will be provided to Tsitsi Nyamupingidza, School of Agricultural Sciences and
Technology, Zimbabwe, for shared library use by students taking Introductory Plant Pathology.
Four compendia and one teaching reference will be provided to Faheem Uddin Rajer and Muhammad
Ibrahim Khaskheli at the Sindh Agriculture University in Pakistan for shared distribution by students and
scholars in department libraries.
The APS Foundation and OIP would like to make this an annual award continuing into the future,
which will be possible only with continued donations to the fund. To support future awards, please visit
www.apsnet.org/members/foundation/giving/funds. n
People
New Postion
Award
Rick Bennett has
been named the new
director of the Kentucky
Agricultural Experiment
Station and associate
dean for research
at the University of
Kentucky (UK) College
of Agriculture, Food,
and Environment. He will also hold the
rank of tenured professor in the Department
of Plant Pathology at UK. Bennett will
assume his new duties on June 1, 2015.
Bennett comes to UK from the University of
Arkansas, where he is professor and head of
the Department of Plant Pathology. In that
position, he directed comprehensive programs
in research, extension, and teaching for the
department since 2009. Prior to that, Bennett
spent 17 years in various roles with the U.S.
Department of Agriculture’s Agricultural
Research Service (ARS), including national
program leader for plant health. At UK,
Bennett will oversee the overall management
and operation of the agricultural experiment
station which serves as the research arm of
the college’s 14 academic units, the Division
of Regulatory Services, and off-campus units
supporting federal- and state-mandated
programs. He is currently president of APS
and has been an active member since 1983.
Bennett received his Ph.D. degree from West
Virginia University under the direction of
Dale Hindel. He received his M.S. degree
from Colorado State University and a B.S.
degree from Shippensburg State University in
Pennsylvania.
Prem Kharbanda,
emeritus scientist
at the Alberta
Innovates—
Technology Futures
(previously Alberta
Research Council),
Edmonton,
Canada, was among
nine international
scientists from
seven countries
recognized for their
significant contribution toward economic
and social development in Xinjiang Province,
China. At the invitation of the Xinjiang
Province, Kharbanda travelled to Urumqi
to receive the First Oasis Friendship Award.
Kharbanda has helped the scientists at the
Shihezi Research Institute to establish a crop
disease diagnostic laboratory and identify
various diseases of tomato, cotton, and
peppers that cause serious economic losses in
Xinjiang every year. He initiated this project
in 2004 when he was selected by the Canadian
Executive Services Organization (CESO) as
a volunteer expert to solve a serious disease
problem on tomato crops in Xinjiang. That
major problem turned out to be blossom end
rot. Since then, Kharbanda has worked very
closely with Lu Xinde and Marion Guo at the
Shihezi Vegetable Research Institute (SVRI),
Shihezi, Xinjiang, and identified Verticillium
and Fusarium wilts as major disease problems
of economic concern in tomato, cotton, and
peppers. Some of the findings on molecular
identification of these fungi were presented
48 April 2015
at the 10th International Congress of Plant
Pathology in Beijing in 2013. During his
recent visit, Kharbanda delivered lectures on
organic farming and disease biocontrol at
SVRI, and also introduced new techniques
in isolating disease biocontrol microbes from
cotton and tomato rhizospheres.
Presentation
Kyle Broderick
(right) and
Nick Arneson
(not shown)
provided
training on
nematode
extraction
to Clifford
Hebbert
(Bluefields
Indian and
Caribbean
University)
during a
University
of Kentucky
(UK) education
abroad course to Nicaragua in February.
Participants also included Tracey Parriman,
Matt Chadwick, Trent Murdock, and Gary
Gregg. Paul Vincelli and Lee Meyer (UK)
and Yanet Gutierrez (Universidad Nacional
Agraria) were the instructors.
In Memory
Rubén Durán, professor
emeritus at Washington
State University (WSU),
passed away at the
age of 89 on August
10, 2014. Rubén was
born on September 30,
1924, in Los Angeles,
CA. Rubén went to
college under the G.I. Bill, graduating with
honors with a B.S. degree in agriculture
from California State Polytechnic College in
1954. He was then accepted into graduate
school in plant pathology and mycology at
WSU, where he studied under the direction
of George W. Fisher, one of world’s foremost
ustilaginologists. He held both a teaching
assistantship and a research assistantship while
attending graduate school. He received his
Ph.D. degree in 1958 with a monograph of
genus Tilletia as his thesis. In 1961, he and
G. W. Fisher published The Genus Tilletia,
a 138-page world monograph on the genus.
Following graduation, Rubén was offered
a temporary position at WSU as acting
instructor and plant pathologist, teaching
mycology and general plant pathology. He left
WSU in 1959 for a permanent position with
USDA in Pomona, CA, where he conducted
research for several years on postharvest
physiology of diseases of citrus, nut crops, and
subtropical fruits.
Rubén was offered a faculty position in the
Department of Plant Pathology and Mycology
at WSU and returned to Pullman in 1961. He
rose through the ranks to Professor in 1971
and retired in 1989 as an emeritus.
Rubén became a world authority on the
Ustilaginales. His research covered numerous
topics, species, and hosts, from dwarf bunt of
wheat to onion smut to genetics to taxonomy.
His monograph on Tilletia was a major
contribution to the taxonomy of the genus.
Rubén was a member of APS, the
Mycological Society of America, the Mexican
Mycological Society, and the Society for
the Advancement of Chicano and Native
Americans in Science.
Following retirement, Rubén and Rita
moved to Hemet in southern California,
where they attended an acre of beautiful
garden and fruit trees for the next 18 years
until declining health forced a move to Hood
River, OR, to be close to children. In his
retirement, Rubén continued his study of
Latin, enjoyed sport events, and still liked to
look through the microscope. Rubén Durán
was a true scholar and scientist, an educator, a
proud Chicano, a humanist, and an admired
colleague.
This tribute is adopted from “Professor Rubén
Durán (1924-2014)” written by Berlin D.
Nelson, Jr., Jack D. Rogers, and Dean A.
Glawe, Mycological News, 12 Inoculum 66(1),
January 2015. The full obituary is available on
the APS website.
raoul Arthur robinson
was born on September
25, 1928, at St . Helier,
Jersey, United Kingdom .
He obtained a B .Agr . Sc,
(Hons .) degree from
Reading University in
1951 . He joined Her
Majesty’s Overseas Civil
Service and completed postgraduate diplomas
in plant pathology at Cambridge University
and the Imperial College of Tropical
Agriculture, Trinidad.
Raoul commenced work as a plant
pathologist at Scott Laboratories, Department
of Agriculture, Nairobi, Kenya. In 1960,
he published a list of some 300 diseases
on approximately 70 common crops and
vegetables in Kenya and their control. He was
promoted to senior plant pathologist in 1961.
Raoul was a good administrator and actively
encouraged his junior staff to gain further
qualifications and training. The publication of
Plant diseases: Epidemics and control by J. E.
Van Der Plank in 1963 had a major impact
on Raoul, who then fostered internationally
the application of system theory to crop
pathosystems and pathosystem management
by breeding for durable/horizontal resistance.
Following the independence of Kenya,
Raoul joined the Food and Agriculture
Organization (FAO) as a plant pathologist.
After a short spell in Nigeria, he returned
to Kenya as potato breeder under FAO and
developed a white-flowered potato variety
‘Kenya Baraka’ with horizontal resistance
to both potato blight and bacterial wilt and
published his first book Plant Pathosystems.
He influenced the establishment of the FAO
International Programme on Horizontal
Resistance (IPHR) with Luigi Chiarappa
(FAO). He was placed in charge of one of its
first programs on coffee berry disease (CBD)
in Ethiopia, selecting Arabica coffee for
horizontal resistance and these varieties are
now widely grown. He left Ethiopia at the end
of 1974 to take a more pronounced role in
IPHR.
Raoul’s book Plant Pathosystems inspired
many and his ideas were confirmed by
the selection and durability of horizontal
resistance to both vascular streak dieback and
Phytophthora pod rot of cocoa in Papua New
Guinea and South East Asia.
Raoul left FAO/Ethiopia at the end of 1974
and returned to Jersey where he remained a
consultant to FAO and other organizations.
In 1981, he joined the Department of
Biological Sciences at Simon Fraser University,
Vancouver, British Columbia, as associate
professor of plant pathology and director of
the Pest Management program and published
Host Management of Plant Pathosystems. At the
end of 1984, he left Simon Fraser University
and resided at Fergus, Ontario, with his twin
brother and continued being an International
consultant for FAO and other international
agencies. Raoul died of abdominal cancer on
July 25, 2014.
The full obituary of Raoul Robinson is available
online at http://dx.doi.org.
Leslie A. Wanner (age 60) of Kensington,
MD, beloved mother of Joffrey Peters
and Rachel Peters (Katie Jennings), loving
daughter of James E. Wanner (Peggydeceased), dear sister of Suzy Lloyd (Joel),
Jani McWilliams (Douglas), Heidi Molzan
(Andrew), and devoted niece, aunt, cousin,
friend to many, sailed onward early December
25, 2014. A graduate of Berea High School,
Miami University, and The Ohio State
University, Leslie earned a Ph.D. degree in
molecular and physiological plant biology
from the University of California-Berkeley.
She was employed as a plant pathologist for
the USDA Agricultural Research Service and
served as cochair of the Mid Atlantic Plant
Molecular Biology Society and a 25-year
member of The American Phytopathological
Society. Leslie was most at home outdoors,
especially on Platte Lake in Michigan’s north
woods. She was brilliant, kind, and generous
to people and the earth.
Charles H. Walkinshaw died November 18,
2014, of Parkinson’s complications. He was
born on November 14,1935, in Blairsville,
PA. He graduated from the University of
Florida and earned his Ph.D. degree from
the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He
published his thesis on corky ringspot disease.
He worked for USDA from 1963 to 1995
as a plant pathologist, including a special
assignment with NASA managing the Lunar
Receiving lab at the Johnson Space Center in
Houston. His interest in advancing minority
and women’s status in the field of science
included initiating programs and seminars
across the South. He was a life-long member
of Sigma Xi. His memorial service was held
at Trinity Episcopal in Columbus, GA, and
his ashes will be buried in the Old Episcopal
cemetery in Tallahassee, FL. He is survived
by his wife, Camille, three sons, and two
daughters. n
Phytopathology News 49
Classifieds
Classified Policy: You can process your job listing at www.apsnet.
org/careers/jobcenter. Please note: Your online job listing may be edited
by newsletter staff to approximately 200 words for the print listing
in Phytopathology News. Fees for posting online are $25 member/$50
nonmember for graduate or post-doc positions and $200 member/$250
nonmember for all other positions. To have your job listing included in
Phytopathology News, simply select the option on the online form (there
is an additional $55 fee). If you have any questions, contact the APS
Placement Coordinator ([email protected]).
Product Development Representative—Pacific Northwest
Nichino America, Inc. seeks a product development representative for
the Pacific Northwest location who will be responsible for managing
field research in an assigned territory currently consisting of the states
of Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana, South Dakota, and North
Dakota. The major crops of interest include pome fruit, grapes,
wheat, pulse crops, and potatoes. Major emphasis will be placed on
1) development of new proprietary active ingredients, and 2) work
supporting activities of Nichino marketing and sales personnel. Duties
include management of field and laboratory trial work conducted in
the assigned geography; development of local programs to support sales
of existing products; provide technical recommendations for use of
existing branded products (labels, brochures, technical bulletins) and
for labeled uses of new active ingredients; provide a written summary of
activities and key results in the assigned area; and serve as the technical
expert within the university research and extension community, as well
as with agricultural consultants and local commodity groups. Required:
M.S. or Ph.D. degree in an agricultural science. The successful
candidate will have field experience in plot design and data analysis. In
addition, the product development representative must be an effective
communicator (written and verbal), well organized, and able to manage
time effectively in a large, crop-diverse geography. Please submit your
resume or CV through the careers page of nichino.net. This position is
open until filled.
Product Development Representative—Florida
Nichino America, Inc. seeks a product development representative
for their Florida location. The product development representative
position, based in Florida, will be responsible for managing field
research in an assigned territory currently consisting of the states of
Florida, Georgia, Alabama, and South Carolina. The major crops of
interest in this area include citrus, fruiting vegetables, cotton, soybeans,
and peanuts. Major emphasis will be placed on 1) development of new
proprietary active ingredients, and 2) work supporting activities of
Nichino marketing and sales personnel. Duties include: management
of field and laboratory trial work conducted in the assigned geography;
development of local programs to support sales of existing products;
provide technical recommendations for use of existing branded
products (labels, brochures, technical bulletins) and for labeled uses of
new active ingredients; provide a written summary of activities and key
results in the assigned area; and serve as Nichino America’s technical
expert within the university research and extension community, as well
as with agricultural consultants and local commodity groups. Required:
M.S. or Ph.D. degree in an agricultural science. In addition to the
required education, the successful candidate will have field experience
in plot design and data analysis. In addition, the product development
representative must be an effective communicator (written and verbal),
well organized, and able to manage time effectively in a large, cropdiverse geography. Please submit your resume or CV through the
careers page at nichino.net. This position is open until filled. n
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Safeguarding Fruit Crops in the Age of
Agricultural Globalization
EDITOR’S
PICKS
Don’t Miss the
MPMI Focus Issue
THE
GOOD
BAD
UNKNOWN
THE
AND THE
Genomics-Enabled Discovery
of Plant-Associated Microbial
Processes and Diversity
Potential Effects of Diurnal
Temperature Oscillations on
Potato Late Blight with Special
Reference to Climate Change
S. K. Shakya, E. M. Goss,
N. S. Dufault, and A. H.
C. van Bruggen
Krishna Subbarao,
Phytopathology, editor-in-chief
Development of Rapid Isothermal
Amplification Assays for Detection of
Phytophthora spp. in Plant Tissue
Bacterial Canker of Tomato: Current
Knowledge of Detection, Management,
Resistance, and Interactions
Xanthomonas arboricola Diseases of
Stone Fruit, Almond, and Walnut Trees:
Progress Toward Understanding and
Management
Characterizing the Genetic Diversity
of the Clavibacter michiganensis subsp.
michiganensis Population in New York
Influence of Open Alleys in Field
Trials Assessing Yield Effects
from Fungicides in Corn
P. Vincelli and C. Lee
Mark Gleason, Plant
Disease, editor-in-chief
Online Now
Immediate Open Access
on These Three Articles
• A Core Gene Set Describes the Molecular
Basis of Mutualism and Antagonism in
Epichloë spp.
• Genome, Transcriptome, and Functional
Analyses of Penicillium expansum Provide
New Insights Into Secondary Metabolism
and Pathogenicity
A Novel Periplasmic Protein,
VrpA, Contributes to Efficient
Protein Secretion by the Type
III Secretion System in
Xanthomonas spp.
X. Zhou, X. Hu, J. Li, and
N.Wang
Jane Glazebrook, MPMI,
editor-in-chief
Geosmithia morbida Found on
Weevil Species Stenomimus
pallidus in Indiana
• Alternative Splicing in the Obligate
Biotrophic Oomycete Pathogen
Pseudoperonospora cubensis
Next Month!
chief
spotlight
Case Investigation and Forensic Evidence
for a New Plant Disease: The Case of
Lettuce Corky Root
H. C. van Bruggen and I. M. Francis
Reconsidering Leaf Wetness Duration
Determination for Plant Disease
Management
T. Rowlandson, M. Gleason, P. Sentelhas,
T. Gillespie, C. Thomas, and B. Hornbuckle
J. Juzwik, M. T. Banik,
S. E. Reed, J. T. English, and
M. D. Ginzel
Pamela D. Roberts, Plant
Health Progress, editor-in-
The April Issues of APS Online Journals Get New Functionality and Features!
Join your APS colleagues and publish your next paper in the leading plant pathology journals.
apsjournals.apsnet.org
Phytopathology News 51
Periodicals
The American Phytopathological Society
3340 Pilot Knob Road
St. Paul, MN 55121
United States of America
Calendar of Events
Other Upcoming Events
May 2015
11-12 Third Plant Genomics Congress. London, England.
www.globalengage.co.uk/plantgenomics.html
18-21 CROPS 2015. Huntsville, AL. http://hudsonalpha.org/crops
APS Sponsored Events
June 2015
June 2015
8-1223rd International Conference on Virus and Other Graft-Transmissable Diseases
of Fruit Crops. Morioka, Japan. www.icvf23.jp
10-12 North Central Division Meeting.
East Lansing, MI. www.apsnet.org/
members/divisions/nc
July 2015
19-23 Caribbean Division Meeting.
Mexico City, Mexico. www.apsnet.org/
members/division/carib
August 2015
1-5 APS Annual Meeting. Pasadena, CA.
www.apsnet.org/meet
1-5 Pacific Division Meeting (in
conjunction with APS Annual Meeting)
16-17 35th New Phytologist Symposium—The Genomes of Forest Trees: New Frontiers
of Forest Biology. Boston, MA. www.newphytologist.org/symposiums/view/37
August 2015
9-13International Congress on Invertebrate Pathology and Microbial Control.
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. www.sipmeeting-2015.org
10-28 2015 Rice Research to Production Course. IRRI, the Philippines.
http://ricediversity.org/r2p
24-27 XVII International Plant Protection Congress. Berlin, Germany. www.ippc2015.de
30-Sep 2CCC/EUCHIS 2015. Münster, Germany. http://chitin2015.eu
September 2015
14-15 Third Plant Genomics Congress: USA. St. Louis, MO.
www.globalengage.co.uk/plantgenomicsusa.html
July 2016
14-16 Resistance 2015. Rothamsted Research, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom.
www.rothamsted.ac.uk/resistance2015
30-Aug 3 APS Annual Meeting.
Tampa, FL.
14-16 Australian Plant Pathology Conference. Fremantle, Western Australia.
www.apps2015.com.au
November 2015
29-Dec 1 36th New Phytologist Symposium—Cell Biology at the Plant–Microbe Interface.
Munich, Germany. www.newphytologist.org/symposiums/view/38
December 2015
5–11 Plant-Parasitic Nematode Identification Workshop. Clemson, SC.
www.clemson.edu/cafls/nematology/short_course.html