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Hernandez 2016
File under NOTES
Unit 4: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
Cellular Respiration and Fermentation - Notes
1) Cellular Respiration- The process of respiration is where organisms convert chemical energy into cellular energy,
which is known as ATP.
2) Cellular respiration is similar to burning fuel (like gasoline combustion in your car).
Who and Where?
3) It occurs in both heterotrophs and in autotrophs- they both need ATP to use for cellular energy.
4) In the cells it begins in the cytoplasm and usually ends in mitochondria
In and Out- The chemical Formula:
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6H2O + 6CO2 + ATP
Stage 1 - Glycololysis
5) A 6-carbon molecule of glucose is separated into two 3-carbon pyruvate molecules and makes some ATP and NADH.
6) This process occurs in 4 steps that take place in the cytoplasm and does not require oxygen to be present.
a) 2 ATPs are used to start the reaction…
b) 4 ATPs are formed from the reactions
c) The yield is therefore 2 ATPs
d) The other 2 ATPs go back into the cycle to start it over again.
Aerobic Respiration in Mitochondria
7) Aerobic Respiration has 2 stages:
a) Krebs Cycle
b) Electron transport Chain
8) Products of the Kreb’s Cycle
a) ATP
b) FADH2
Name: _________________________________________________________ Per: ___________ Date: ___________________
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c) NADH
d) The FADH2 and the NADH then enter the Electron Transport Chain
9) The products of the electron transport chain (ETC)
a) ATP
b) At the end of the ETC hydrogen ions and the spent electrons combine with oxygen molecules forming H20
c) In aerobic respiration oxygen is the final (terminal) electron acceptor.
10) No Oxygen?
a) If oxygen is not present the pyruvate produced during glycolysis continues on to anaerobic
respiration___________________
b) Anaerobic respiration takes place in the cytoplasm.
Anaerobic respiration? - (Fermentation)
11) Anaerobic Respiration has 2 types:
a) Lactic Acid Fermentation
b) Alcoholic Fermentation
12) Lactic Acid Fermentation
a) Pyruvate is changed to Lactate by removing two hydrogen.
b) This process is by bacteria and fungi to produce foods like yogurt and cheese.
c) Also used by muscles when oxygen is not present (called lactic acid build up.)
13) Alcoholic Fermentation
a) Pyruvate is changed to ethyl alcohol by first removing CO2 and then 2 hydrogen.
b) This process is used by yeast to prepare many foods and beverages.
c) The release of CO2 causes dough to rise.
14) Aerobic vs Anaerobic
a) The total amount of energy that a cell can harvest depends on the presence or absence of Oxygen.
b) Aerobic (with oxygen) gains 36 ATP.
c) Anaerobic (without oxygen) gains 2 ATP.