Name: _________________________________________________ Date: _______________ Period: ________ Biology Notes: Energy in Ecosystems Directions: Fill in the blanks as we cover the topic in the PowerPoint. Corresponds to textbook pages 406 – 411 & 417 ‐ 418 Ecosystem Components • Producers – ______________________ of an ecosystem’s energy. Additional Information
– Autotrophs: perform ______________________ to make ______________________. – Chemotrophs: ______________________ which use ______________________ from deep‐sea vents to make ______________________. •
Consumers – Heterotrophs: Consumes ______________________ for ______________________ – Omnivores, ______________________, carnivores, ______________________, detritivores Trophic Levels • Defined: _____________________ level of an _____________________ • Trophic levels consist of ____________________, kcal
____________________, and _____________________ •
__________ of ______________________ is passed to the ______________________ level kcal
– _________ is used by the ____________________ or ____________________ as ______________ •
If there are 45,897 kcal at the primary producer trophic level, how much energy is available to the other trophic levels? kcal
– Food ____________________ contain ______________________ trophic ____________________ kcal
Food Chains • ____________ trophic level = ______________________ – ______________________ (perform photosynthesis) – Bottom (___________________) of food __________________ – Ex: __________________, __________________, cyanobacteria 45, 897 kcal
____________ trophic level = ______________________ consumers •
Additional Information – Feed on ______________________ – Ex: ______________________ (plant eaters) ____________ trophic level = ______________________ consumers •
– Feed on ______________________ consumers – Ex: Omnivores and ______________________ ____________ trophic level = ______________________ consumers •
– Feed on ______________________ consumers – Ex: ______________________ and carnivores ____________ trophic level = ______________________ consumers •
– Feed on ______________________ consumers – Ex: ______________________ and ______________________ Decomposers • ______________________ shown on food ______________________ •
Feed on ______________________ food chain ______________________ when organisms ____________ •
Detritivores: Feed/ingest ______________________ matter •
Decomposers: secrete ______________________ to ______________________ down ________________ matter and then ______________________ the ______________________ Food Chain Analysis • What’s wrong with this food chain? _________________________________________________________ Energy Pyramids • Defined: diagram that ______________________ energy ______________________ by producers & other organisms on ______________________ levels. Food Web • Defined: ______________________ of ______________________ food ______________________ • ______________________ show direction ______________________ (nutrients) ______________________ •
Analysis – Highlight 2 food chains from this food web and label their trophic levels. – What could happen if the grasshoppers die out due to pesticide use? ____________________________________________________________________________________ Review 1) How many trophic levels are in the food chain below? __________________ a) Label them: Apple tree Æ Worms Æ Blue Jay Æ Owl 2) If the apple tree in the example above makes 15,000 calories of energy from photosynthesis, how much energy is available for EACH other trophic level? Be sure to specify which trophic level being referred to. _______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 3) In the food chain above, which is the producer? ________________________________________________ 4) In the food chain above, which is the primary consumer? ________________________________________ 5) In the food chain above, which is the tertiary consumer? ________________________________________ 6) Which level consumer are herbivores known as? _______________________________________________ 7) What is the lowest consumer level possible for a carnivore? ______________________________________ 8) Examine the food web from above. Find and list a complete food chain that is 6 trophic levels from start to finish. a) ___________________________________ d) ___________________________________ b) ___________________________________ e) ___________________________________ c) ___________________________________ f) ___________________________________ 9) Why do food chains contain few trophic levels? _______________________________________________________________________________________
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