Maritime Knowledge Centre
INFORMATION RESOURCES
ON
PIRACY AND ARMED ROBBERY
AGAINST SHIPS
4 Albert Embankment, London SE1 7SR, United Kingdom
www.imo.org
[email protected]
Maritime Knowledge Centre
Contents
ABOUT THIS RESOURCE .......................................................................................................................2
DEFINITION OF PIRACY .........................................................................................................................3
IMO DOCUMENTS...................................................................................................................................4
RESOLUTIONS ....................................................................................................................................4
ASSEMBLY ......................................................................................................................................4
MSC .................................................................................................................................................4
CIRCULARS .........................................................................................................................................5
MSC .................................................................................................................................................5
MSC-FAL ..........................................................................................................................................7
SN ....................................................................................................................................................7
MEETING DOCUMENTS .....................................................................................................................7
ASSEMBLY ......................................................................................................................................7
COUNCIL .........................................................................................................................................8
FACILITATION COMMITTEE ......................................................................................................... 10
INTERSESSIONAL MARITIME SECURITY AND PIRACY WORKING GROUP ............................. 10
LEGAL COMMITTEE ...................................................................................................................... 10
MARITIME SAFETY COMMITTEE ................................................................................................. 11
IMO WEB RESOURCES ........................................................................................................................ 12
Selected Links ................................................................................................................................ 12
Briefings ......................................................................................................................................... 12
IMO News Magazine ...................................................................................................................... 14
Multimedia ...................................................................................................................................... 14
Speeches by the Secretaries-General ............................................................................................ 14
IMO PUBLICATIONS ............................................................................................................................. 15
UNITED NATIONS ................................................................................................................................. 15
EUROPEAN UNION ............................................................................................................................... 16
BOOKS & BOOK CHAPTERS ................................................................................................................ 17
CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS ........................................................................................................... 23
REPORTS .............................................................................................................................................. 26
ARTICLES / JOURNALS ........................................................................................................................ 28
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES .................................................................................................................. 40
MULTIMEDIA ......................................................................................................................................... 44
INTERNET RESOURCES ...................................................................................................................... 45
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ABOUT THIS RESOURCE
The purpose of this document is to assist researchers to identify useful information resources on the
topic. The document provides references to resources, in a variety of formats, from IMO member states,
other UN specialized agencies, governmental and non- governmental organizations, industry, labour and
academic institutions. While the document does not aim to be exhaustive, IMO’s key mandatory
instruments on the topic, official documents and any guidance issued by the Organization are covered in
depth.
Online access to IMO Documents, from 2000 to the present, is available through IMODOCS, the
Organization’s document repository. IMO Documents are texts submitted to a principal organ or a
subsidiary organ of the Organization for consideration by it, usually in connection with item(s) on its
agenda. Each document has an associated symbol for identification and these symbols can be used to
search IMODOCS. Another important IMO resource is GISIS (Global Integrated Shipping Information
System). GISIS is the IMO portal which provides access to data, reports and information on the many
facets of IMO’s work including a module on “Reported incidents of piracy and armed robbery”.
Access to GISIS and IMODOCS requires registration. One IMO web account (free) provides access to
both resources. Connect to either resource to register.
The Maritime Knowledge Centre houses the print archives of IMO Documents from the start of the
Organization until 2011. MKC is selectively digitizing archival IMO information. The MKC website
provides access to the digitized archives, to SeaLibrary, the catalogue of the MKC collection, and is a
gateway to information resources relating to the work of the Organization and to global maritime affairs.
This guide includes non-IMO resources from 2000 until November 1st 2013. Every attempt has been
made to verify the accuracy of the references and links as of 27 November 2013.
IMO Abbreviations:
A
Assembly
C
Council
Circ
Circular
INF
Information paper
LEG
Legal Committee
MCS
Maritime Safety Committee
MSC - FAL
Maritime Safety Committee - Facilitation Committee
SN
Safety of Navigation
Cover: “Multinational Counter-Piracy Exercise in the western Indian Ocean region. A Defender interception boat
approaching suspect ship.” Photographed by Osamu Marumoto/IMO.
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DEFINITION OF PIRACY
Piracy is a worldwide issue. The IMO has, as an integral part of its mandate, the duty to make travel and
transport by sea as safe as possible. IMO works with Member Governments and the maritime industry,
to suppress piracy and armed robbery against ships.
Acts of piracy threaten maritime security by endangering, in particular, the welfare of seafarers and the
security of navigation and commerce. These criminal acts may result in the loss of life, physical harm or
hostage-taking of seafarers, significant disruptions to commerce and navigation, financial losses to
shipowners, increased insurance premiums and security costs, increased costs to consumers and
producers, and damage to the marine environment.1
The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) provides the legal framework for
the repression of piracy under international law.
The “Definition of piracy” appears in Part VII, Article 101 of The Convention:
“Piracy consists of any of the following acts:
(a) any illegal acts of violence or detention, or any act of depredation, committed for private ends by
the crew or the passengers of a private ship or a private aircraft, and directed:
(i)
(ii)
on the high seas, against another ship or aircraft, or against persons or property on
board such ship or aircraft;
against a ship, aircraft, persons or property in a place outside the jurisdiction of any
State;
(b) any act of voluntary participation in the operation of a ship or of an aircraft with knowledge of
facts making it a pirate ship or aircraft;
(c) any act of inciting or of intentionally facilitating an act described in subparagraph (a) or (b).
1
Introduction. Piracy under international law. United Nations. Division for Ocean Affairs and the aw of the Sea .
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IMO DOCUMENTS
RESOLUTIONS
ASSEMBLY
A.461(XI)
Barratry and unlawful seizure of ships and their cargoes. (1979). (Superseded)
A.504(XII)
Barratry and unlawful seizure of ships and their cargoes and other forms of
maritime fraud. (1981). (Superseded)
A.545(XIII)
Measures to prevent and suppress piracy and armed robbery against ships.
(1983)
A.68(17)
Prevention and suppression of acts of piracy and armed robbery against ships.
(1991)
A.738(18)
(1993)
Measures to prevent and suppress piracy and armed robbery against ships.
A.922(22)
Code of practice for the investigation of the crimes of piracy and armed robbery
against ships. (2001) (Revoked by A.1025(26))
A.923(22)
Measures to prevent the registration of “Phantom” ships. (2001)
A.979(24)
Piracy and armed robbery against ships in waters off the coast of Somalia. (2005)
(Revoked by A.1002(25))
A.1002(25)
Piracy and armed robbery against ships in waters off the coast of Somalia. (2007)
(Revokes A.979(24); Revoked by A.1026(26))
A.1025(26)
Code of practice for the investigation of crimes of piracy and armed robbery
against ships. (2009) (Revokes A.922(22))
A.1026(26)
Piracy and armed robbery against ships in waters off the coast of Somalia. (2009)
(Revokes A.1002(25); Revoked by A.1044(27))
A.1044(27)
Piracy and armed robbery against ships in waters off the coast of Somalia.(2011)
(Revokes A.1026(26))
MSC
MSC.298(87)
Establishment of a distribution facility for the provision of LRIT information to
security forces operating in waters of the Gulf of Aden and the Western Indian
Ocean to aid their work in the repression of piracy and armed robbery against
ships (The distribution facility) (2010) (Amended by MSC.331(96))
MSC.305(87)
Guidelines on operational procedures for the promulgation of maritime safety
information concerning acts of piracy and piracy counter-measure operations.
(2010)
MSC.324(89)
Implementation of Best Management Practice Guidance. (2011)
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CIRCULARS
MSC
MSC/Circ.367
20/09/1983
Piracy and armed robbery.
MSC/Circ.367/Add.1
03/10/1983
Piracy and armed robbery.
MSC/Circ.367/Add.2
04/11/1983
Piracy and armed robbery.
MSC/Circ.367/
Add.2/Corr.1
09/12/1983
Piracy and armed robbery.
MSC/Circ.443
26/09/1986
Measures to prevent unlawful acts against passengers and crews on board ships.
MSC/Circ.475
22/06/1987
Measures to prevent unlawful acts against passengers and crews on board ships
(Measures contained in a communication by the Commandant of Hellenic Coast
Guard, implemented in Greece in conformity with the specifications in MSC/Circ.
443).
MSC/Circ.476
22/06/1987
Measures to prevent unlawful acts against passenger and crews on board ships
(Notice containing measures to prevent unlawful acts against passengers and
crews onboard ships, implemented in the United States in response to
MSC/Circ.443).
MSC/Circ.597
18/08/1992
Piracy and armed robbery against ships (Recommending the use of search and
rescue (SA) services and mobilization, through the SAR services, of appropriate
maritime authorities so that action could be taken to provide assistance to ships
under attack or pursue the attackers with the minimum of delay).
MSC/Circ.597/Add.1
07/05/1993
Piracy and armed robbery against ships (Recommending the use of search and
rescue (SA) services and mobilization, through the SAR services, of appropriate
maritime authorities so that action could be taken to provide assistance to ships
under attack or pursue the attackers with the minimum of delay).
MSC/Circ.622/Rev.1
16/06/1999
Recommendations to governments for combating piracy and armed robbery
against ships.
MSC/Circ.623/Rev.3
29/05/2002
Guidance to shipowners and ship operators, shipmasters and crews on preventing
and suppressing acts of piracy and armed robbery against ships.
MSC/Circ.700
20/07/1995
Piracy and armed robbery against ships (reporting increase in piracy and
reiterating various Assembly resolutions.
MSC/Circ.805
06/06/1997
Guidance for the use of radio signals by ships under attack or threat of attack from
pirates or armed robbers.
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MSC/Circ.967
06/06/2000
Piracy and armed robbery against ships: Directives for Maritime Rescue Coordination Centres (MRCCs).
MSC/Circ.984
20/12/2000
Draft code of practice for the investigation of the crimes of piracy and armed
robbery against ships.
MSC/Circ.1073
10/06/2003
Measures to enhance maritime security: Directives for Maritime Rescue Coordination Centres (MRCCs) on acts of violence against ships.
MSC.1/Circ.1233
15/06/2007
Piracy and armed robbery against ships in waters off the coast of Somalia.
MSC.1/Circ.1302
16/04/2009
Piracy and armed robbery against ships in waters off the Coast of Somalia.
MSC.1/Circ.1332
16/06/2009
Piracy and armed robbery against ships in waters off the Coast of Somalia.
MSC.1/Circ.1333
26/06/2009
Piracy and armed robbery against ships. Recommendations to governments for
preventing and suppressing piracy and armed robbery against ships.
MSC.1/Circ.1334
23/06/2009
Piracy and armed robbery against ships Guidance to shipowners and ship
operators, shipmasters crews on preventing and suppressing acts of piracy and
armed robbery against ships.
MSC.1/Circ.1335
29/09/2009
Best management practice to deter piracy in the Gulf of Aden and off the Coast of
Somalia.
MSC.1/Circ.1337
04/08/2010
Best management practices to deter piracy off the coast of Somalia and in the
Arabian Sea area development by the industry.
MSC.1/Circ.1339
14/09/2011
Piracy and armed robbery against ships in waters off the coast of Somalia. Best
management practices for protection against Somalia based piracy.
MSC.1/Circ.1390
09/12/2010
Guidance for Company Security Officers (CSOs) – Preparation of a company and
crew for the contingency of hijack by pirates in the western Indian Ocean and the
Gulf of Aden.
MSC.1/Circ.1404
23/05/2011
Guidelines to assist in the investigation of the crimes of piracy and armed robbery
against ships.
MSC.1/Circ.1405
23/05/2011
Interim guidance to shipowners, ship operators, and ship masters on the use of
privately contracted armed security personnel (PCASP) on board ships in the high
risk area.
MSC.1/Circ.1405/
Rev.2 25/05/2012
Revised interim guidance to shipowners, ship operators, and shipmasters on the
use of privately contracted armed security personnel on board ships in the high
risk area.
MSC.1/Circ.1406
23/05/2011
Interim recommendations for Flag States regarding the use of privately contracted
armed security personnel on board ships in the high risk area.
MSC.1/Circ.1406
Rev.1 16/09/2011
Revised interim recommendations for flag states regarding the use of privately
contracted armed security personnel on board ships in the high risk area.
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MSC.1/Circ.1406/
Rev.2 25/05/2012
Revised interim recommendations for flag states regarding the use of privately
contracted armed security personnel on board ships in the high risk area.
MSC.1/Circ.1408
16/09/2011
Interim recommendations for port and coastal states regarding the use of privately
contracted armed security personnel on board ships in the high risk area.
MSC.1/Circ.1408/
Rev.1 25/05/2012
Interim recommendations for port and coastal states regarding the use of privately
contracted armed security personnel on board ships in the high risk area.
MSC.1/Circ.1443
25/05/2012
Interim guidance to private maritime security companies providing privately
contracted armed security personnel on board ships in the high risk area.
MSC.1/Circ.1444
25/05/2012
Interim guidance for flag states on measures to prevent and mitigate
Somalia-based piracy.
Reports on acts of piracy and armed robbery against ships
1982–1991
1991-1995
1996-2010
2008 onward
MSC-FAL
MSC-FAL.1/Circ.2
22/09/2011
Questionnaire on information on port and coastal state requirements related to
privately contracted armed security personnel on board ships.
SN
SN.1/Circ.281
03/08/2009
Piracy and armed robbery against ships in waters off the coast of Somalia.
Information on internationally recommended transit corridor (IRTC) for ships
transiting the Gulf of Aden.
MEETING DOCUMENTS
ASSEMBLY
26th Session (23 November - 4 December 2009)
A 26/10/1
Consideration of the reports and recommendations of the Maritime Safety
Committee. Piracy and armed robbery against ships in waters off the coast of
Somalia.
A 26/10/1/Add.1
Idem.
A 26/10/2
Idem. Submitted by Ukraine.
A 26/INF.5
Consideration of the reports and recommendations of the Maritime Safety
Committee. Piracy and armed robbery against ships in waters off the coast of
Somalia.
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27th Session (21 - 30 November 2011)
A 27/9/1
Consideration on the reports and recommendations of the Maritime Safety
Committee. Recommendations to Governments for the preventing and
suppressing of piracy and armed robbery against ships - Information on crew held
hostage. Submitted by India.
A 27/9/2
Consideration on the reports and recommendations of the Maritime Safety
Piracy and armed robbery against ships in waters off the Coast of Somalia.
Note by the Secretary-General.
28th Session ( 25 November – 4 December 2013)
A 28/7/1
Report of the Council to the Assembly on the work of the Organization since the
27th regular Session of the Assembly. Prevention and suppression of piracy,
armed robbery against hips and illicit maritime activity in the Gulf of Guinea.
COUNCIL
25th Extraordinary Session (19 - 20 November 2009)
C/ES.25/12
Protection of vital shipping lanes. Piracy and armed robbery against ships in water
off the coast of Somalia.
C/ES.25/D
Summary of Decisions. (Item 11 – Protection of vital shipping lanes)
26th Extraordinary Session (17 - 18 November 2011)
C/ES.26/10
Protection of vital shipping lanes. Orchestrating the response to the piracy threat
off Somalia implementation of the Djibouti Code of Conduct.
C/ES.26/10/1
Protection of vital shipping lanes. Piracy and armed robbery against ships in
waters off the coast of Somalia.
27th Extraordinary Session (21 - 22 November 2013)
C/ES.27/8
Protection of vital shipping lanes. Prevention and suppression of piracy, armed
robbery against ships and illicit maritime activity in west and central Africa.
C/ES.27/8/1
Idem. Recent developments of the Cooperative Mechanism for the Straits of
Malacca and Singapore.
C/ES.27/8/2
Idem. Recent developments of the Cooperative Mechanism for the Straits of
Malacca and Singapore. Submitted by Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore.
102nd Session (29 June - 13 July 2009)
C 102/14
Protection of vital shipping lanes. Sub-regional meeting to conclude agreements
on maritime security, piracy and armed robbery against ships for States from the
Western Indian Ocean, Gulf of Aden and Red Sea areas. (Adoption of the Code of
Conduct concerning the repression of piracy and armed robbery against ships in the Western Indian
Ocean and the Gulf of Aden)
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C 102/14/1
Idem. Project profile for the implementation of the Djibouti Code of Conduct.
C/102/14/3
Idem. Piracy and armed robbery against ships in waters off the coast of Somalia.
C 102/D
Summary of Decisions. (Item 14 - Protection of vital shipping lanes)
105th Session (1 - 5 November 2010)
C 105/12
Protection of vital shipping lanes. Recent developments of the Cooperative
Mechanism for the Straits of Malacca and Singapore.
C 105/12/Add.1
Idem. Implementation of the Djibouti Code of Conduct.
C 105/D
Summary of Decisions. (Item 12 - Protection of vital shipping lanes)
106th Session (27 June - 1 July 2011)
C 106/12/1
Protection of vital shipping lanes. Orchestrating the response to the piracy threat
off Somalia. Implementation of the Djibouti Code of Conduct.
C 106/12/1/Add.1
Idem. Progress Report.
C 106/D
Summary of Decisions. (Item 12 - Protection of vital shipping lanes)
108th Session (11 - 14 June 2012)
C 108/14
Protection of vital shipping lanes: Orchestrating the response to the piracy threat
off Somalia implementation of the Djibouti Code of Conduct.
C 108/D
Summary of Decisions. (Item 14 - Protection of vital shipping lanes)
109th Session (5 - 9 November 2012)
C 109/10
Protection of vital shipping lanes. Piracy and armed robbery against ships in
waters off the coast of Somalia.
C 109/D
Summary of Decisions. (Item 10 - Protection of vital shipping lanes)
110th Session (15 - 19 July 2013)
C 110/13
Protection of vital shipping lanes. Piracy and armed robbery against ships in
waters off the coast of Somalia.
C 110/13/1
Idem. Recent developments of the Cooperative Mechanism for the Straits of
Malacca and Singapore.
C 110/13/2
Idem. Piracy and armed robbery against ships in the West Africa region.
Submitted by Greece.
C 110/D
Summary of Decisions. (Item 13 - Protection of vital shipping lanes)
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FACILITATION COMMITTEE
37th Session (5 - 9 September 2011)
FAL 37/17
Report. (Session 8 - Ensuring security in and facilitating international trade)
INTERSESSIONAL MARITIME SECURITY AND PIRACY WORKING GROUP
1st Session (13 - 15 September 2011)
MSC/MSPWG 1/4
Recommendations to governments on the use of privately contracted armed
security personnel (PCASP). Development of guidance on the use of privately
contracted armed security personnel on board ships. Submitted by Dominica.
MSC/MSPWG 1/4/1 Idem. The development of recommendations to Governments (flag, port and
coastal states) on the use of Privately Contracted Armed Security Personnel
(PCASP). Submitted by the Islamic Republic of Iran.
MSC/MSPWG 1/4/2 Idem. Development of guidance on the use of contracted armed security
personnel on board ships. Submitted by Dominica.
MSC/MSPWG 1/4/3 Idem. Development of guidance on the use of contracted armed security
personnel on board ships.
LEGAL COMMITTEE
95th Session (30 March - 3 April 2009)
LEG 95/10
Report. (Section 9 - Any other business (c) review of national legislation on
piracy)
96th Session (5 - 9 October 2009)
LEG 96/13
Report. (Section 7 - Piracy : Review of national legislation)
97th Session (15 - 19 November 2010)
LEG 97/15
Report. (Section 9 - Piracy: Review of national legislation; Annex 4 - Statement by
Japan concerning piracy; Annex 5 – Statement by Vanuatu concerning piracy)
98th Session (4 - 8 April 2011)
LEG 98/14
Report. (Section 8 - Piracy)
99th session (16 - 20 April 2012)
LEG 99/14
Report. (Section 7 - Piracy)
100th Session (15 -19 April 2013)
LEG 100/14
Report. (Section 6 - Piracy)
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MARITIME SAFETY COMMITTEE
86th Session (27 May - 5 June 2009)
MSC 86/26
Report. (Section 18 - Piracy and armed robbery against ships; Annex 23: Draft
Assembly resolution on the adoption of the code of practice for investigation of
crimes of piracy and armed robbery against ships)
87th Session (12 - 21 May 2010)
MSC 87/26
Report. (Section 19 - Piracy and armed robbery against ships; Annex 15 –
Resolution MSC.298(87) – Establishment of a distribution facility for the provision
of LRIT information to security forces operating in waters of the Gulf of Aden and
the Western Indian Ocean to aid their work in the repression of piracy and armed
robbery against ships (distribution facility); Annex 30 – Resolution MSC.305(87) –
Guidelines on operational procedures for the promulgation of maritime safety
information concerning acts of piracy and piracy counter-measure operations)
88th Session (24 November - 3 December 2010)
MSC 88/26
Report. (Section 18 - Piracy and armed robbery against ships)
89th Session (11 - 20 May 2011)
MSC 89/25
Report. (Section 18 - Piracy and armed robbery against ships)
90th Session (16 - 25 May 2012)
MSC 90/28
Report. (Section 20 - Piracy and armed robbery against ships)
91st Session (26 - 30 November 2012)
MSC 91/22
Report. (Section 17 - Piracy and armed robbery against ships)
92nd Session (12 - 21 June 2013)
MSC 92/26
Report. (Section 18 - Piracy and armed robbery against ships)
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IMO WEB RESOURCES
SELECTED LINKS
Best Management Practices for Protection against Somalia Based Piracy
Combatting piracy and armed robbery off west and central Africa
Djibouti Code of Conduct - Code of Conduct concerning the Repression of Piracy and Armed Robbery
against Ships in the Western Indian Ocean and the Gulf of Aden
Maritime Security and Piracy
Piracy Workshop: Orchestrating the response – 26 January 2011
Private armed security
Reported incidents of piracy and armed robbery (GISIS - Global Integrated Shipping Information System)
SUA Convention and Protocols - Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of
Maritime Navigation
BRIEFINGS
2013
Seminar helps to strengthen maritime security in west and central Africa. Briefing 35, 25 July 2013
IMO Secretary-general welcomes adoption of new west and central Africa piracy and maritime law
enforcement code by Heads of State. Briefing 23, 26 June 2013
IMO pledges to assist in implementation of west and central Africa piracy code adopted at Ministerial
meeting. Briefing 09, 21 March 2013
IMO and shipping industry bodies urge continued application of anti-piracy measures. Briefing 05/2013,
17 January 2013
Lives lost at sea halved and piracy eradicated should be targets, says Sekimizu. Briefing 03/2013,
8 January 2013
2012
Mozambique is 20th State to sign IMO anti-piracy Code. Briefing 27/2012, 6 July 2012
Guidance for private maritime security companies agreed by IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee. Briefing
17/2012, 25 May 2012
Guidance for private maritime security companies to be developed by IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee.
Briefing 16/2012, 18 May 2012
IMO signs strategic counter-piracy capacity building partnerships with UN agencies and EU. Briefing
15/2012, 17 May 2012
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South Africa signs IMO anti-piracy Code. Briefing 14/2012, 15 May 2012
Piracy and passenger ship safety high on agenda of IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee. Briefing:
13/2012, 9 May 2012
London Somalia conference welcomed by IMO chief. Briefing 08/2012, 24 February 2012
UN Secretary-General supports IMO initiative for closer counter-piracy co-operation. Briefing 03/2012,
23 January 2012
2011
Wide-ranging anti-piracy campaign bearing fruit. Briefing 65/2011, 16 December 2011
Piracy centres expand information network. Briefing 56/2011, 11 November 2011
Regional training centre in Djibouti – foundation stone laid. Briefing 52/2011, 31 October 2011
World Maritime Day 2011 – “Piracy: orchestrating the response”. Briefing 49/2011, 28 September 2011
Saudi Arabia gives boost to IMO Djibouti Code Trust Fund to combat piracy. Briefing 48/2011, 21
September 2011
IMO approves further interim guidance on privately contracted armed security personnel. Briefing
47/2011, 16 September 2011
2011 IMO Award for Exceptional Bravery at Sea go to piracy survivor. Briefing 37/2011, 4 July 2011
Regional training centre in Djibouti – MOU signed. Briefing 30/2011, 31 May 2011
Interim guidance on use of privately contracted armed security personnel on board ships agreed by IMO
Maritime Safety meeting. Briefing 27/2011, 20 May 2011
Piracy high on agenda at IMO Maritime safety meeting. Briefing 26/2011, 9 May 2011
IMO expresses concern over mistreatment of seafarers held hostage by pirates. Briefing 24/2011
18 April 2011
UAE signs IMO anti-piracy Code. Briefing: 23/2011, 18 April, 2011
Piracy information-Sharing Centre in Mombasa commissioned by IMO Secretary-General. Briefing
15/2011, 31 March 2011
Naval officials discuss piracy agenda at IMO. Briefing 08/2011, 1 March 2011
Mitropoulos and Round Table maintain anti-piracy pressure. Briefing 07/2011, 21 February 2011
IMO spells out action needed to tackle piracy. Briefing 06/2011, 14 February 2011
Piracy situation “unacceptable” says UN Secretary-general Ban Ki-moon. Briefing 04/2011, 4 February
2011
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IMO NEWS MAGAZINE
World Maritime Day 2011: Piracy: Orchestrating the response. Cover story: Issue 3, 2011
MULTIMEDIA
IMO helps strengthen international resolve to tackle piracy. [Video], YouTube, 1 June 2012
IMO Head's visit with Ban Ki-moon. [Podcast], January 2012
Launch of the Action Plan to promote the 2011 World Maritime Day theme: Piracy : IMO orchestrating
the response. [PowerPoint presentation], July 21 2011
IMO urges international action to rising piracy. [Video], Reuters, 25 July 2011
SPEECHES BY THE SECRETARIES-GENERAL
Welcome remarks. Contact Group on Piracy off the Coast of Somalia (CGPCS) WG 1. Koji Sekimizu,
IMO Headquarters, 12 July 2012
Welcome remarks. Contact Group on Piracy off the Coast of Somalia (CGPCS) WG 5. Koji Sekimizu,
IMO Headquarters, 9 July 2012
Statement. DP World High-Level Counter-Piracy Conference. Koji Sekimizu, Dubai, 28 June 2012
“The view from IMO on the current challenge of piracy”. DP World High-Level Counter-Piracy
Conference. Koji Sekimizu, Dubai, 28 June 2012
Opening address. IMO Conference on Capacity Building to Counter Piracy off the Coast of Somalia. Koji
Sekimizu, IMO Headquarters, 15 May 2012
Address. ReCAAP ISC Piracy and Sea robbery Conference 2012: Safeguarding Seafarers: A Shared
Responsibility. Koji Sekimizu, Singapore, 26 April 2012
Keynote speech. Piracy, the curse of maritime transport: Seminar on piracy and armed robbery at sea.
Organized by the European Commission. Koji Sekimizu, Brussels, 28 March 2012
Welcome remarks. Piracy Conference. Organized by UK FCO. Koji Sekimizu, IMO Headquarters, 21
February 2012
Keynote address. International Conference on Piracy at Sea, Malmö. Sweden, 17 – 19 October 2011.
Efthimios E. Mitropoulos, 17 October 2011
“Piracy: Orchestrating the response.” Launch of World Maritime Day theme for 2011. Efthimios E.
Mitropoulos, 3 February 2011
“Piracy: Orchestrating the response.” Workshop on piracy. Sub-Committee on Standards of Training and
Watchkeeping (STW 42). Efthimios E. Mitropoulos, 26 January 2011
Opening address. Intersessional meeting of the Maritime Security and Piracy Working Group of the
Maritime Safety Committee. Efthimios E. Mitropoulos, 13 September 2009
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IMO PUBLICATIONS
SUA Convention. International Conference on the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of
Maritime Navigation (Rome 1988). 2006 edition. (IMO-IA462E)
Actions to be taken to prevent acts of piracy and armed robbery – Model Course 3.23. 2011 Edition.
(IMO-T323E)
UNITED NATIONS
DIVISION FOR OCEAN AFFAIRS AND THE LAW OF THE SEA
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Part VII – High Seas, Articles 100-107, 110 (Piracy)


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National Legislations on piracy
Piracy under international law
United Nations Documents on Piracy
UNITED NATIONS INTERREGIONAL CRIME AND JUSTICE RESEARCH INSTITUTE (UNICRI)

Database on Maritime Piracy Court Cases
UNITED NATIONS OFFICE OF LEGAL AFFAIRS

Statement by Patricia O'Brien, Under-Secretary-General for Legal Affairs, The Legal Counsel, at the
Informal meeting of the General Assembly on Piracy, 14 May 2010, UN Headquarters, New York.
UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME (UNODC)
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
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Maritime piracy in the Gulf of Guinea. Vienna, UNODC, February 2013.
United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime, 2000, and Protocols
UNODC and Piracy
UN NEWS CENTRE
Piracy ransoms amount to more than $339 million over seven-year period - UN report. UN News
Service, 1 November 2013
Gulf of Guinea piracy “clear threat” to security, economic development of region. UN News Service, 27
February 2012
Security Council welcomes planned regional anti-piracy strategy in Gulf of Guinea. UN News Service, 31
October 2011
Remarks to Security Council on “Peace and Security in Africa : Piracy in the Gulf of Guinea”. Statement
by the Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon at the Security Council. UN News Service, 19 October 2011
West African officials call for greater UN involvement in fight against piracy. UN News Service, 29
September 2011
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EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN COMMISSION
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Commission Recommendation of 11 March 2010 on measures for self-protection and the prevention
of piracy and armed robbery against ships. Official Journal of the European Union,
L 67, 17 March
2010, pp 13-26.

Seminar "Piracy and armed robbery at sea: How best to protect seafarers?" Brussels, 3 March 2010

Seminar “Piracy and armed robbery against shipping: to prevent, deter and fight against an actual
threat”. Brussels, 21 January 2009
EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE
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Opinion - Maritime piracy: strengthening the EU response. Brussels, 16 January 2013
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT
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
Facing effectively the challenge of maritime piracy. European Parliament resolution of 10 May 2012
on maritime piracy (2011/2962 (RSP) Official Journal of the European Union, C 261/E, 10 September
2013, pp 34-40.
Piracy at sea. European Parliament resolution of 23 October 2008 on piracy at sea.
Official Journal of the European Union, C 15 E, 21 January 2010, pp 61-64.
EU NAVFOR SOMALIA (European Union Naval Force Somalia) EU’s counter-piracy operation off the
coast of Somalia
EUCAP NESTOR European mission launched under the common security and defence policy
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BOOKS & BOOK CHAPTERS
2013
AJIDUA, L. A. - Terrorism/piracy: Who is safe! Is the mariner safe? Nigeria: Ano Publication Company,
2013.
BECKMAN, R. - C. Piracy and armed robbery against ships in Southeast Asia. In: Guilfoyle, D. (Ed.)
Modern piracy: Legal challenges and responses. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd, 2013, pp1334.
BUEGER, C. - Responses to contemporary piracy: disentangling the organizational field. In: Guilfoyle, D.
(Ed.) Modern piracy: Legal challenges and responses. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd, 2013,
pp 91-116.
FRIMAN, H. / LINDBORG, J. - Initiating criminal proceedings with military force: Some legal aspects of
policing Somali pirates by navies. In: Guilfoyle, D. (Ed.) Modern piracy: Legal challenges and responses.
Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd, 2013, pp 172-201.
GUILFOYLE, D. - Modern piracy: legal challenges and responses, Cheltenham, Edward Elgar Publishing
Ltd, 2013.
GUILFOYLE, D. - Piracy off Somalia and counter-piracy efforts. In: Guilfoyle, D. (Ed.) Modern piracy:
Legal challenges and responses. Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd, 2013, pp 35-60.
JONES, S. - Maritime security handbook: Coping with piracy, London, The Nautical Institute, 2013.
KRASKA, J. - International and comparative regulation of private maritime security companies employed
in counter-piracy. In: Guilfoyle, D. (Ed.)Modern piracy: Legal challenges and responses. Cheltenham :
Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd, 2013, pp 219-249.
MACDONALD E. P. - Insurance protection against piracy. In: Guilfoyle, D. (Ed.) Modern piracy: Legal
challenges and responses. Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd, 2013, pp 268-295.
MICHEL, K. - Piracy and carriage of goods by sea. In: Guilfoyle, D. (Ed.) Modern piracy: Legal
challenges and responses. Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd, 2013, pp 296-324.
MURDOCH, A. / GUILFOYLE, D. - Capture and disruption operations: the use of force in counter-piracy
off Somalia. In: Guilfoyle, D. (Ed.) Modern piracy: Legal challenges and responses. Cheltenham :
Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd, 2013, pp 147-171.
MURPHY, M. N. - Petro-piracy: predation and counter-predation in Nigerian waters. In: Guilfoyle, D.
(Ed.) Modern piracy: Legal challenges and responses. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd, 2013,
pp 61-90.
TREVES, T. - Piracy and the international law of the sea. In: Guilfoyle, D. (Ed.) Modern piracy: Legal
challenges and responses. Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd, 2013, pp 117-146.
WORLD BANK - The pirates of Somalia: Ending the threat, rebuilding a nation. Washington, D.C., World
Bank, 2013.
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WORLD BANK / UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME (UNODC ) / INTERPOL
(Maritime Piracy Task Force) - Pirate trails: Tracking the illicit financial flows from pirate activities off the
Horn of Africa. Washington, DC, World Bank, 2013.
2012
BECKMAN, R. C. - Do we need a new convention on piracy and armed robbery against ships? In:
Chircop, A. et al (Eds.) The regulation of international shipping: International and comparative
perspectives: Essays in honor of Edgard Gold. Leiden : Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2012, pp 77-96.
BEKKEVOLD, J. I. / ROSS, R. S. (Eds.) - International order at sea: Anti-piracy and humanitarian
operations. Oslo: Norwegian Institute for Defence Studies, 2012.
BERUBE, C. / CULLEN, P. (Eds.) - Maritime private security: Market responses to piracy, terrorism and
waterborne security risks in the 21st century. London: Routledge, 2012.
BORE EVENO, V. - The new French law on piracy. In: Norchi, C.H.; Proutière-Maulion, G. (Eds.) Piracy:
In comparative perspective problems, strategies, law. Paris/Oxford: Editions A. Pedone/Hart Publishing
Ltd., 2012, pp 367-404.
BOWRING, A. / MCKINNON, A. - The shipping industry and piracy. In: Norchi, C.H.; Proutière-Maulion,
G. (Eds.) Piracy: In comparative perspective problems, strategies, law. Paris/Oxford : Editions A.
Pedone/Hart Publishing Ltd., 2012, pp 121-160.
CHAUMETTE, P. - Seafarers: Piracy protection. In: Norchi, C.H.; Proutière-Maulion, G. (Eds.) Piracy: In:
comparative perspective problems, strategies, law. Paris/Oxford: Editions A. Pedone/Hart Publishing
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DANISH MARITIME OFFICERS - Coping with capture. Hostage handbook on Somali pirates.
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DELFAU, S. - Shipowners: the piracy challenge. In: Norchi, C.H.; Proutière-Maulion, G. (Eds.) Piracy: In
comparative perspective problems, strategies, law. Paris/Oxford: Editions A. Pedone/Hart Publishing
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FAKHRY, A. - Piracy across maritime law: Is there a problem of definition? In: Chircop, A. et al (Eds.)
The regulation of international shipping: International and comparative perspectives: Essays in honor of
Edgard Gold. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2012 pp 97-120.
HAYWOOD, R. et al - Maritime piracy. Abingdon (UK): Routledge, 2012. (Global Institutions Series 63)
HERBERT-BURNS R. - Countering piracy: Trafficking, and terrorism: Ensuring maritime security in the
Indian Ocean. Washington, D.C.: Stimson, 2012.
KIRONGOZI ICHALANGA, C. - Perspectives from Central and West Africa. In: Norchi, C.H.; ProutièreMaulion, G. (Eds.) Piracy: In comparative perspective problems, strategies, law. Paris/Oxford : Editions
A. Pedone/Hart Publishing Ltd., 2012, pp 189-200.
KRASKA, J. - Comparative counter-piracy strategy: European, American, African, and Asian
approaches. In: Norchi, C.H.; Proutière-Maulion, G. (Eds.)Piracy: In comparative perspective
problems, strategies, law. Paris/Oxford : Editions A. Pedone/Hart Publishing Ltd., 2012, pp 201-224
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KRASKA, J. / LEBOEUF, C. - Operation Atalanta. In: Norchi, C.H.; Proutière-Maulion, G. (Eds.) Piracy:
In comparative perspective problems, strategies, law. Paris/Oxford : Editions A. Pedone/Hart Publishing
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LONE, F.N. - The Indian subcontinent and counter-piracy: The Indian perspective. In: Norchi, C.H.;
Proutière-Maulion, G. (Eds.) Piracy: In comparative perspective problems, strategies, law. Paris/Oxford :
Editions A. Pedone/Hart Publishing Ltd., 2012, pp 161-188.
MURPHY, M. N. - Concerns, consequences, and resolutions to Somali piracy. In: Norch, C.H.; ProutièreMaulion, G. (Eds.) Piracy : In comparative perspective problems, strategies, law. Oxford/Paris : Hart
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NORCHI, C. H. - Piracy and the public order of the oceans. In: Norchi, C.H.; Proutière-Maulion, G. (Eds.)
Piracy: In comparative perspective. Problems, strategies, law. Paris : Editions A. Pedne, 2012, pp 425446.
PATEL, B. N. / THAKKAR, H. (Ed.) - Maritime security and piracy: Global issues, challenges and
solutions. Lucknow, (India): Eastern Book Company, 2012
PROUTIERE-MAULION, G. - A holistic approach to piracy: Towards a public order of human dignity
through corporate social responsibility. In: Norchi, C.H.; Proutière-Maulion, G. (Eds.) Piracy: In
comparative perspective. Problems, strategies, law. Paris : Editions A. Pedne, 2012, pp 415-424.
STEIGELMAN, T. - United States law on piracy. In: Norchi, C.H.; Proutière-Maulion, G. (Eds.) Piracy: In
comparative perspective. Problems, strategies, law. Paris : Editions A. Pedne, 2012, pp 405-414.
2011
BAHADUR, J. - Deadly waters: Inside the hidden world of Somali's pirates. London : Profile Books Ltd,
2011.
BMP4 – Best management practices for protection against Somalia based piracy. Version 4. Edinburgh,
Witherby Publishing Group, 2011.
CARTNER, C. W. J. / CARTNER, J. A. C. / FISKE, R. P. - Defending against pirates: The international
law of small arms, armed guards and privateers, Alexandria (VA), Intershipmaster Press, 2011.
GEIß, R. / PETRIG, A. - Piracy and armed robbery at sea: The legal framework for counter-piracy
operations in Somalia and the Gulf of Aden. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2011.
LISS, C. - Oceans of crime: Maritime piracy and transnational security in Southeast Asia and
Bangladesh. Singapore, ISEAS Publishing, 2011.
MURPHY, M. N. - Somalia: The new Barbary? Piracy and Islam in the Horn of Africa. London, C. Hurst &
Co. (Publishers) Ltd., 2011.
ROACH, J. A. - General problematic issues on exercise of jurisdiction over modern instances of piracy.
In: Symmons, C.R. (Ed.) Selected contemporary issues in the law of the sea. Leiden : Martinus Nijhoff
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TAYLOR, A. D. - Piracy today: An update. In: Comité Maritime International (CMI) Yearbook 2011-2012.
Brussels, CMI , 2012, pp 334-345.
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VALLON, F. - La mer et son droit, entre liberté et consensualisme, l’impossible gestion de la piraterie et
du terrorisme. Paris, Éditions Publibook, 2011.
2010
ELLEMAN, B. A. / FORBES, A. / ROSENBERG, D. – Piracy and maritime crime : Historical and modern
case studies. Newport, Rhode Island, Naval War College, 2010.
EICHSTAEDT, P. - Pirate state: Inside Somalia's terrorism at sea. Chicago: Lawrence Hill Books, 2010.
MALLIA, P. - The fight against piracy and armed robbery against ships off the coast of Somalia. :
International cooperation illustrated. In: Gutiérrez, N.A.M. (Ed.) – Serving the rule of international law –
Essays in honour of Professor David Joseph Attard, London, Routledge, 2010, pp 216-232.
ROUCOU, F. / CHOPPY, P. - 88 days: A true story of Somali pirates in the Indian Ocean. Mahé‚
(Seychelles) : Calusa Bay Publications, 2010.
MURPHY, M. N. - Small boats, weak states, dirty money: Piracy and maritime terrorism in the modern
world. London, C. Hurst & Co (Publishers) Ltd, 2010.
UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME (UNODC). - Maritime piracy. In: United Nations
Office on Drugs and Crime The Globalization of Crime. Vienna : UNDOC, 2010, Chapter 9, pp 191-200.
VAN GINKEL. B. / VAN DER PUTTEN, F-P. - The international response to Somali piracy: Challenges
and opportunities. Leiden, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2010.
WOMBWELL, J. A. - The long war against piracy : Historical trends. Fort Leavenworth (Kansas): Combat
Studies Institute Press, 2010. (Occasional Paper 32)
2009
BECKMAN, R. C. - The 1988 SUA Convention and 2005 SUA protocol: Tools to combat piracy, armed
robbery and maritime terrorism. In: Herbert-Burns, R./Bateman, S./ Lehr, P. (Eds) – Lloyd’s MIU
handbook of maritime security. Boca Raton (Florida,USA), Taylor & Francis, 2009, pp. 187-200.
DUDA, D. / SZUBRYCHT, T. - The Somali piracy new or old challenge for international community. In:
Weintrit, A. (Ed.), Marine navigation and safety of sea transportation, London, CRC Press, 2009, pp 743750.
HELLER-ROAZEN, D. - The enemy of all: Piracy and the law of nations. New York, Zone Books, 2009.
HO, J. - Combating piracy and armed robbery in Asia. In: Nordquist, M.H. et al (Eds.) – Freedom of
seas, passage rights and the 1982 Law of the Sea Convention, Leinden, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers,
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JONES, S. - Surviving a piracy attack: What you need to know!. Tyne and Wear (UK), Shiptalk Security
Guide. Shiptalk Publishing, 2009.
2008
KRASKA, J. - Developing piracy policy for the national strategy for maritime security and the
International Maritime Organization. In: Nordquist, M.H., et al, (Eds) – Legal challenges in maritime
security, Leiden, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2008, pp 331-440.
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NORDQUIST, M. H. / WOLFRUM, R. / MOORE, J. N. / LONG, R. (Eds) - Legal challenges in maritime
security. Leiden, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2008.
TALLEY, W. K. - Maritime safety, security and piracy. London, Informa Law, 2008.
2007
CHEN, J. - The emerging nexus between piracy and maritime terrorism in Southeast Asia waters: A case
study on the Gerakan Aceh Merdeka (GAM). In: Lehr, P. (Ed.), Violence at sea: Piracy in the age of
global terrorism. Abingdon (Oxon), Routledge, 2007, pp 139-154.
HERBERT-BURNS R. - Compound piracy at sea in the early twenty-first century: A tactical to
operational-level perspective on contemporary, multiphase piratical methodology. : Lehr, P. (Ed.),
Violence at sea: Piracy in the age of global terrorism. Abingdon (Oxon), Routledge, 2007, pp 95-120.
LEHR, P. (Ed.) - Violence at sea: Piracy in the age of global terrorism. Abingdon (Oxon), Routledge,
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LEHR, P. / LEHMANN, H. - Somalia: Pirate’s new paradise. In: Lehr, P. (Ed.), Violence at sea: Piracy in
the age of global terrorism. Abingdon (Oxon), Routledge, 2007, pp 1-22.
MURPHY, M. N. - Contemporary piracy and maritime terrorism: The threat to international security.
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RAHMAN, C. - The international politics of combating piracy in Southeast Asia. In: Lehr, P. (Ed.),
Violence at sea: Piracy in the age of global terrorism. Abingdon (Oxon), Routledge, 2007, pp 183-198.
SAKHUJA, V. - Sea piracy in South Asia. In: Lehr, P. (Ed.), Violence at sea: Piracy in the age of global
terrorism. Abingdon (Oxon), Routledge, 2007, pp 23-36
SNODDON, R. - Piracy and maritime terrorism : Naval responses to existing and emerging threats to the
global seaborne economy. In: Lehr, P. (Ed.), Violence at sea: Piracy in the age of global terrorism.
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YOUNG, A. J. - Contemporary maritime piracy in Southeast Asia. History causes and remedies.
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ABHYANKAR, J. - Piracy, armed robbery and terrorism at sea: A global and regional outlook. In: OngWebb, G.G. (ED.) - Piracy, maritime terrorism and securing the Malacca Straits, Singapore/Leiden,
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AMIRELL, S. E. - Political piracy and maritime terrorism: A comparison between the Straits of Malacca
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EKLOF, S. - Pirates in paradise: A modern history of Southeast Asia’s maritime marauders.
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FORT, B. – Transnational threats and the maritime domain. In: Ong-Webb, G.G. (ED.) - Piracy, maritime
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FRECON, E. – Piracy and armed robbery at sea along the Malacca Straits: Initial impressions from
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SANTOS, E. M. R. - Piracy and armed robbery against ships in the Philippines. In: Ong-Webb, G.G.
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CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
2013
TRELAWNY, C. - Attributing success factors for counter-piracy in a complex environment : The role of
IMO in the 'Arms on Board' debate : Paper delivered at the 3rd UAE Counter Piracy Conference, 11-12
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2012
INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT FORUM - Minister's roundtable: Piracy at sea : Joint statement Germany (2-4 May 2012 : Leipzig) . Paris: International Transport Forum, 2012.
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES. MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS – A regional response to maritime
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2011
DUBAI SCHOOL OF GOVERNMENT - Conference on global challenge, regional responses : Forging a
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RAHMONOV, A. - Piracy off the coast of Somalia: In search of the solution. Presented at the 7th Cornell
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WORLD MARITIME UNIVERSITY (WMU)

Conference summary and conclusions - International Conference on Piracy at Sea (ICOPAS)
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
Malmö Declaration - International Conference on Piracy at Sea (ICOPAS) - Sweden (17-19 October
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DECRAENE, J. et al - Maritime counter-piracy study using agent-based simulations: Paper delivered at
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BAUTISTA, M.E.H. – Piracy and armed robbery against ships : The Philippines experience. Paper
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2006
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2005
LLOYD’S LIST EVENTS - The 8th LSM European Manning and Training Conference (Riga, Latvia, 10 –
11 May 2005). London, Lloyd’s List Events, 2005.
2002
BARVE, V.K. - Terrorism and piracy at sea: Legal aspects. In: Indian Maritime Foundation Proceedings
of the Seminar on terrorism and piracy at sea - India (15 May 2002: Pune). Pune: Indian Maritime
Foundation, 2002, pp 38-41.
DHIR, A.K. - Terrorism and piracy at sea: Ship Owners' and seafarers’ perspective. In: Indian Maritime
Foundation Proceedings of the Seminar on terrorism and piracy at sea - India (15 May 2002: Pune).
Pune: Indian Maritime Foundation, 2002, pp 24-29.
INDIAN MARITIME FOUNDATION - Proceedings of the Seminar on terrorism and piracy at sea - India
(15 May 2002: Pune). Pune: Indian Maritime Foundation, 2002.
JAMWAL, S. S. - Terrorism and piracy at sea: The threat and measures to counter it. In: Indian Maritime
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MOHANARAO, A. K. - Terrorism and piracy at sea. In: Indian Maritime Foundation Proceedings of the
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2002, pp 10-15.
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2001
COMITE MARITIME INTERNATIONAL (CMI)

Model national law on acts of piracy and maritime violence. Singapore II. 11-17 February 2001.

Model national law on acts of piracy and maritime violence: Report on the Conference Session - CMI
37th Conference (11-17 February 2001: Singapore). In: Comité Maritime International (CMI) CMI
Yearbook 2001. Antwerp: CMI, 2001, pp 214-223.

Model national law on acts of piracy and maritime violence: Final Report of the Joint International
Working Group - CMI 37th Conference (11-17 February 2001: Singapore). In: Comité Maritime
International (CMI) CMI Yearbook 2001. Antwerp: CMI, 2001, pp 598-607.
JAPAN. MINISTRY OF LAND, INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORT AND TOURISIM

Model Action Plan for maritime policy authorities and private maritime related concerns to combat
piracy and armed robbery against ships - Regional Conference on Combating Piracy and Armed
Robbery against ships (27-28 April 2000 : Tokyo).

Tokyo Appeal - International Conference of All Maritime Related Concerns, Both Governmental and
Private, on Combating Piracy and Armed Robbery against Ships (28-30 March 2000, Tokyo).
REPORTS
2013
HURLBURT, K. - The human cost of Somali piracy 2012. Broomfield (Co), Oceans Beyond Piracy, 2013
2012
BESLEY, T. et al - One kind of lawlessness: Estimating the welfare cost of Somalia piracy, 2012
(Barcelona GSE Working Paper Series No. 626)
BEZKOROVAINIY, V. / SOKOLYUK, S. - Piracy, maritime terrorism and disorder at sea: The view from
the Ukraine, Swindon, The Corbett Centre for Maritime Policy Studies, 2012. (Corbett Paper No. 8)
EHRHART, H-G. et al - The EU and Somalia: Counter-piracy and the question of a comprehensive
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HURLBURT, K. - The human cost of Somali piracy 2011. Broomfield (Co), Oceans Beyond Piracy, 2012.
SHORTLAND, A. / CHATHAM HOUSE - Treasure mapped: Using satellite imagery to track the
developmental effects of Somali piracy. Africa Programme Paper: AFP PP 2012/01,London : Chatham
House, 2012.
2011
FINANCIAL ACTION TASF FORCE (FATF) - Organised maritime piracy and related kidnapping for
ransom : FATF Report. Paris: FATF, 2011.
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2010
BAWUMIA, M. / SUMAILA, U. R. - Fisheries, ecosystems and piracy: A case study of Somalia.
Vancouver (Canada), University of British Columbia, Fisheries Centre, 2010. (Working Paper 2010-04)
SCHEFFLER, A. - Piracy – Threat or nuisance? NATO Research Paper, No. 56. Rome, NATO Defense
College, February 2010
2009
ANDERSEN, E. / BROCKMAN-HAWE, B. / GOFF, P. - Suppressing maritime piracy? Exploring the
options in international law. A workshop report. The American Society of International Law (AMSIL), One
Earth Future & Academic Council for the United Nations System (ACUNS), 2009.
CHALK, P. - Maritime piracy. Reasons, dangers and solutions. Santa Monica (CA), RAND Corporation,
February 2009.
CHATHAM HOUSE - Piracy and legal issues: reconciling public and private interests. London, Chatham
House, 1 October 2009.
HERITAGE FOUNDATION - Maritime security. Fighting piracy in the Gulf of Aden and beyond.
Washington, D.C. The Heritage Foundation, 2009.
MØLLER, B. - Piracy, maritime terrorism and naval strategy. Copenhagen, Danish Institute for
International Studies (DIIS), 2009. (DIIS Report 2009:02)
STRUWE, L. B. - For a greater Horn of Africa sea patrol. A Strategic analysis of the Somali pirate
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2008
SORENSON, K. - State failure on the high seas: Reviewing the Somali piracy. Stockholm, FOI, Swedish
Defence Research Agency, November 2008. (FOI Somalia Papers: Report 3)
2004
NATIONAL UNION OF MARINE AVIATION AND SHIPPING TRANSPORT OFFICERS (NUMAST) In the firing line: A Numast report on the threat to merchant shipping posed by piracy, armed robbery and
terrorism. London, Numast, 2004.
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ARTICLES / JOURNALS
2013
DUA, J. - A sea of trade and a sea of fish: piracy and protection in the Western Indian Ocean. Journal of
Eastern African Studies. Vol. 7/No.2, 2013, pp 353-370.
HALLWOOD, P. / MICELI, T. J. - An examination of some problems with international law governing
maritime piracy. Maritime Policy & Management. Vol. 40/No.1, 2013, pp 65-79.
HALLWOOD, P. / MICELI, T. J. - An Economic Analysis of Maritime Piracy and its Control. Scottish
Journal of Political Economy. Vol. 60/No.4, 2013, pp 343-359.
JABLONSKI, R.S. / OLIVER, S. - The Political Economy of Plunder: Economic Opportunity and Modern
PIracy. Journal of Conflict Resolution. Vol. 57/No.4, 2013, pp 682-70.
LANTEIGNE, M. - Fire over water: China's strategic engagement of Somalia and the Gulf of Aden crisis.
Pacific Review. Vol. 26/No.3, 2013, pp 289-312.
LEHR, P. - Piracy and maritime governance in the Indian Ocean. Journal of the Indian Ocean Region.
Vol. 9/No.1, 2013, pp 104-119.
MARTINEZ-ZARZOSO, I. / BENSASSI, S. - The Price of Modern Maritime Piracy. Defence and Peace
Economics. Vol. 24/No.5, 2013, pp 397-418.
OBOKATA, T. - Maritime piracy as a violation of human rights: a way forward for its effective prevention
and suppression? International Journal of Human Rights. Vol. 17/No.1, 2013, pp 18-34.
PAPA, P. - US and EU strategies for maritime transport security: A comparative perspective. Transport
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PETRIG, A. - The Use of Force and Firearms by Private Maritime Security Companies Against
Suspected Pirates. International & Comparative Law Quarterly. Vol. 63/No.3, 2013, pp 667-701.
PRANGE, S.R. / ANTONY, R. J. - Piracy in Asian Waters Part 2: Piracy, Sovereignty, and the Early
Modern Asian State-An Introduction. Journal of Early Modern History. Vol. 17/No.1, 2013, pp 1-7.
SLOOTMAKER, L.A. et al - User Focus and Simulation Improve Predictions of Piracy Risk. Interfaces.
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STRUETT, M.J., NANCE, M. T., ARMSTRONG, D. - Navigating the Maritime Piracy Regime Complex.
Global Governance. Vol. 19/No.1, 2013, pp 93-104.
2012
ANTONY, R.J. / PRANGE, S. R. - Piracy in Asian Waters Part 1: The Social and Economic Dynamics of
Piracy in Early Modern Asia-An Introduction. Journal of Early Modern History. Vol. 16/No.6, 2012, pp
455-462.
BAIRD, R. - Transnational security issues in the Asian maritime environment: responding to maritime
piracy. Australian Journal of International Affairs. Vol. 66/No.5, 2012, pp 501-513.
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BENSASSI, S. et al - How costly is modern maritime piracy for the international community. Review of
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BLACK, L. - Debating Japan's intervention to tackle piracy in the Gulf of Aden: beyond mainstream
paradigms. International Relations of the Asia-Pacific. Vol. 12/No.2, 2012, pp 259-285.
BUEGER, C. - Drops in the bucket? A review of onshore responses to Somali piracy. WMU Journal of
Maritime Affairs Vol. 11/No. 1, 2012, pp. 15-31.
CAMPANELLI, O. – The global governance of maritime piracy. Journal of Global Policy and
Governance, December 2012, Volume 1/Issue 1, pp 73-84.
CHALK, P. - Assessing the Utility of Current Counterpiracy Initiatives Off the Horn of Africa. Studies in
Conflict & Terrorism. Vol. 35/No.7-8, 2012, pp 553-561.
COGGINS, B.L. - Global patterns of maritime piracy, 2000-09: Introducing a new dataset. Journal of
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DE MONTCLOS, M.A.. - Maritime Piracy in Nigeria: Old Wine in New Bottles? Studies in Conflict &
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FOUCHE, H. / MEYER, J. - Investigating sea piracy : Crime scene challenges. WMU Journal of
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GAYNOR, J.L. - Piracy in the Offing: The Law of Lands and The Limits of Sovereignty at Sea.
Anthropological Quarterly. Vol. 85/No.3, 2012, pp 817-857.
GUHA, B. - Pirates and fishermen: Is less patrolling always bad? Journal of Economic Behavior and
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HANSEN, S.J. - The Dynamics of Somali Piracy. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism. Vol. 35/No.7-8, 2012,
pp 523-530.
HANSEN, S.J. - The Evolution of Best Management Practices in the Civil Maritime Sector. Studies in
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JOHNSTON, P. - Security of maritime trade: A cooperative and coordinated approach for the IndoPacific region. Australian Journal of Maritime and Ocean Affairs Vol. 4/No. 1, 2012, pp. 1-10.
NANCE, M.T. / JAKOBI, A. P. - Laundering Pirates? The Potential Role of Anti-money Laundering in
Countering Maritime Piracy. Journal of International Criminal Justice. Vol. 10/No.4, 2012, pp 857-880.
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of Maritime Law and Commerce Vol. 43/No. 3, July 2012, pp. 429-446.
Proceedings of the Marine Safety & Security Council. - Combating piracy. Modern approaches to an
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PRIDDY, A. / CASEY-MASLEN, S. - Counter-piracy Operations by Private Maritime Security Contractors
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SPEARIN, C. - Private Military and Security Companies v. International Naval Endeavours v. Somali
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SUGIKI, A. - Piracy in a Failed State: How State-Building Can Stabilize the Situation off the Somali
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2011
ADEMUN-ODEKE - Somali piracy: Jurisdiction over foreign pirates in domestic courts and third states
under international law. The Journal of International Maritime Law Vol. 17/Issue 2, 2011, pp 121-146.
ADEMU-ODEKE - Jurisdiction by agreement over foreign pirates in domestic courts. University of San
Francisco Maritime Law Journal Vol. 24/No. 1, 2011, pp 35-64.
ADEMUN-ODEKE - Somali piracy – Effects on oceanborne commerce and regional security and
challenges to international law and world order. Australia and New Zealand and Maritime Law Journal,
Vol. 25/No. 1, 2011, pp 134-160.
BATEMAN, S. - Sub-standard shipping and the human costs of piracy. Australian Journal of Maritime
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BODINI, S.P. - Fighting Maritime Piracy under the European Convention on Human Rights. European
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interesting/necessary exercise but is it enough to deter the attacks/hijackings? Journal of the Maritime
Law and Commerce Vol. 42/No. 4, October 2011, pp 569-605.
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justice. Fordham International Law Journal Vol. 34/Issue 2, 2011, pp. 236-295. Available at SSRN:
http://ssrn.com/abstract=1679202
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GUNASEKARAN, P. - Keeping Malay waters safe. Maritime Risk International, June 2011, pp 20-21.
HARDY, L.L . - Ordering chaos at sea: Preparing for Somali pirate attacks through pragmatic insurance
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KELLEY, R.P. - UNCLOS, but No Cigar: Overcoming Obstacles to the Prosecution of Maritime Piracy.
Minnesota Law Review. Vol. 95/No.6, 2011, pp 2285-2317.
KENDALL, W.R./ BOYKIN, N./ HELLER, N. A. - The Law of General Average: Possible Consequences
of a Resurgence of Acts of Piracy. Transportation Journal. Vol. 50/No.2, 2011, pp 218-225.
LANSING, P. / PETERSEN, M. - Ship-Owners and the Twenty-First Century Somali Pirate: The
Business Ethics of Ransom Payment. Journal of Business Ethics. Vol. 102/No.3, 2011, pp 507-516.
LLOYD, M. - Armed personnel on merchant vessels. Shipping Regulations and Guidance, Issue 6, July
2011, pp 15-16.
LONG, N. - Bordering on immoral: Piracy, education, and the ethics of cross-border cooperation in the
Indonesia-Malaysia-Singapore Growth Triangle. Anthropological Theory. Vol. 11/No.4, 2011, pp 441464.
MANCHUK, G. - Armed guards, marine insurance, and the implied warranty of legality. U.S.F. Maritime
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SHEPPARD, A. M. - When is a serious risk of piracy serious enough for the law? The Journal of
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SHORTLAND, A. / VOTHKNECHT, M. - Combating "maritime terrorism" off the coast of Somalia.
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2010
AIYER, A. / DOMBROWSKI, K. / MARCUS, A. - Editorial: ‘The enemies of all mankind’ and, will the real
villains please stand up! Dialectical Anthropology, Vol. 34/No. 1, March 2010, pp 3-9.
AZUBUIKE, L. - International law regime against piracy. Annual Survey of International and
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BANIELA, S. I. - Piracy at sea: Somalia an area of great concern. Journal of Navigation Vol. 63/No. 2,
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BATEMANS, S. - Maritime policy in the Indo-Pacific region: Ship vulnerability issues. Maritime Policy and
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BATEMANS, S. - Sea piracy: some inconvenient truths. Disarmament Forum No. 2, 2010, pp. 13-24.
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BOILARD, M. C. - Improving policy responses to piracy in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden region: What
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DENG, Y. - China’s legal enforcement on anti-piracy in South China Sea. - Asian Social Science,
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DOBY, D. - Piracy jure gentium: The jurisdictional conflict of the high seas and territorial waters. Journal
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FAWCETT, J. A. - Challenges to apprehension and prosecution of East African maritime pirates.
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case of Somalia. Maritime Policy and Management Vol. 37/No. 7, December 2010, pp 677-697.
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GAUCI, G. - Piracy and its legal problems: With specific reference to the English law and marine
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GUILFOYLE, D. - Counter-piracy law enforcement and human rights. International and Comparative Law
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GUILFOYLE, D. - The laws of war and the fight against Somali piracy: Combatants or criminals?
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KONTOROVICH, E. - “A Guantánamo on the sea”: The difficulty of prosecuting pirates and terrorists.
California Law Review, Vol. 98, 2010, pp 243-275.
KONTOROVICH, E. / ART, S. - An empirical examination of universal jurisdiction for piracy. American
Journal of International Law, Volume 104/No. 3, July 2010, pp 436-453.
LECLERCQ, J-F. - La notion de piraterie en droit maritime belge. Le Droit Maritime Français, December
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MARTIN, J. S. - Fighting piracy with private security measures: When contract law should tell parties to
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METAPARTI, P. - Rhetoric, rationality and reality in post-9/11 maritime industry. Maritime Policy and
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ŐZÇAYIR, Z. O. - Piracy Part III – Ransom payments and the US Executive Order on Somalia piracy.
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WEST, M. / COOPER, T. / KACHOYAN, B. - AIS analysis in support of counter-piracy operations.
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2009
ABEYRATNE, R. - The responsibility of Somalia for the acts of the Somali pirates. Journal of
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GIBSON, J. - Maritime security and international law in Africa. African Security Review Vol. 18/Issue 3,
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HASTINGS, J. V. - Geographies of state failure and sophistication in maritime piracy hijacking. Political
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HUANG, H-L. - Who are sea cutthroats? A typological analysis of pirates. Crime Law and Social
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JENISCH, U. - Piracy, navies and the law of the sea: the case of Somalia. WMU Journal of Maritime
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KRASKA, J. - Coalition strategy and the pirates of the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea. Comparative
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BALTIC AND INTERNATIONAL MARITIME COUNCIL (BIMCO)
CIVIL-MILITARY FUSION CENTRE – Piracy
COMBINED MARITIME FORCES (CTF) – CTF-151 Counter-piracy
COMITE MARITIME INTERNATIONAL (CMI) - Acts of piracy and maritime violence
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EU NAVFOR SOMALIA
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ICC INTERNATIONAL MARITIME BUREAU (ICC-IMB)
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INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MARITIME SECURITY PROFESSIONALS (IAMSP)
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 IMB Piracy Reporting Centre
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Piracy and Armed Robbery Against Ships
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Maritime Knowledge Centre
MARITIME LIAISON OFFICE – MARLO
MARITIME PIRACY HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE PROGRAMME (MPHRP)
MARITIME SECURITY CENTRE - HORN OF AFRICA (MSCHOA)
NATO SHIPPING CENTRE
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Piracy alerts
Piracy statistics
Weekly piracy update
OCEANS BEYOND PIRACY
PIRACY STUDIES Academic Research on Maritime Piracy
PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW AND POLICY GROUP – Documents on Countering Piracy and related
Crimes off the Coast of Somalia
REGIONAL COOPERATION AGREEMENT ON COMBATING PIRACY AND ARMED ROBBERY
AGAINST SHIPS IN ASIA (RECAAP) – Incident reports
SAVE OUR SEAFARERS
SECURITY ASSOCIATION FOR THE MARITIME INDUSTRY (SAMI)
SOMALI ANTI-PIRACY INFORMATION CENTRE (SAPIC)
SOMALIA REPORT - Piracy report
NATIONAL COUNTER-PIRACY INFORMATION
Denmark Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark – Counter-piracy
Japan Ministry of Defence – Measures against piracy
Kenya Kenya Maritime Authority – Piracy
Netherlands Ministry of Defence - Counterpiracy operations off the coast of Somalia
New Zealand
Royal New Zealand Navy – Anti-piracy patrols
Turkey – Ministry of Foreign Affairs – Piracy (Armed Robbery) off the coast of Somalia
United Kingdom
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Foreign & Commonwealth Office and Ministry of Defence – Policy: Preventing and reducing piracy off
the coast of Somalia
Hydrographic Office – Anti-piracy planning chart
Royal Navy
i.
UK Maritime Trade Operation (UKMTO)
ii.
Counter Piracy
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Maritime Knowledge Centre
United States
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Office of Naval Intelligence - Piracy
Department of Homeland Security USCG – Counter-piracy
Department of State
i.
Counter-piracy and maritime security
ii.
The U.S. response to piracy off the coast of Somalia
Department of Transportation – Maritime Administration – Horn of Africa piracy
Last updated 28 November 2013
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