ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penokohan Byronic Hero,
menemukan representasi permasalahan dalam konteks sosial, politik, budaya
masyarakat dalam novel Mary Shelley Frankenstein, menjelaskan bagaimana fakta
sosial yang terjadi dalam kehidupan masyarakat diungkapkan Mary Shelley (17971851) dalam gambaran cerita novelnya, dan menjelaskan pengaruh Romansa Gotik
terhadap perubahan peradaban manusia berdasarkan teori dan pendekatan
Postrukturalisme. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode Deskriptif
Kualitatif.
Data penelitian adalah novel Mary Shelley Frankenstein karya Mary Shelley
dan sejumlah buku acuan. Teknik pengumpulan data dikumpulkan dengan teknik
baca, simak dan catat yang didasari oleh Filsafat Fenomenologi. Teknik analisis data
dilakukan dengan metode Analisis Konten menggunakan teori Dekonstruksi Derrida,
Pendekatan Arketaipal, Pendekatan Postruktural, dan Metode Hermeneutika dalam
tujuan untuk mengungkapkan makna tersembunyi di balik teks.
Berdasarkan hasil analisis penokohan Byronic Hero diperoleh hasil bahwa
penokohan Victor Frankenstein, Robert Walton dan Sang Monster dalam novel Mary
Shelley Frankenstein karya Mary Shelley menggambarkan penokohan yang banyak
terlibat konflik batin dan ketidakstabilan mental. Selain itu, Byronic Hero juga
merupakan representasi berbagai permasalahan terutama dalam konteks sosial,
politik, dan budaya masyarakat barat abad ke-19 (yang merupakan konstruksi sosial).
Mary Shelley berusaha mengungkapkan negativitas konstruksi sosial tersebut melalui
alur cerita berisi satir yang disamarkan dalam dialog dan monolog penokohanpenokohan novelnya. Dengan diketahuinya negativitas konstruksi sosial tersebut,
maka dapat diketahui bahwa Mary Shelley Frankenstein karya Mary Shelley berusaha
mengajak pembacanya untuk melakukan rekonstruksi sosial. Selain itu, dengan
menggunakan gambaran teror dan horor sebagai diskursus Romansa Gotik, Shelley
berusaha untuk menyadarkan masyarakat sekaligus memberikan edukasi publik yang
bersifat emansipatoris bagi kehidupan manusia.
Kata – kata kunci :
Arketaipal, Byronic Hero, dekonstruksi, diskursus, edukasi
publik, emansipatoris, konstruksi sosial, postrukturalisme,
realitas sosial, rekonstruksi sosial, representasi, Romansa
Gotik, satir.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRACT
The aims of this research are to describe the characterization of Byronic
Hero, to find the representations concerning the problematics of social, political, and
cultural contexts occured in certain communities described in Mary Shelley
Frankenstein novel, to explain how Mary Shelley (1797-1851) revealed the
occurance of these social facts in her novel, and to explain the Gothic Romance’s
influences toward the changes of civilization, based on theories and approaches of
Post-sructuralism. The research method used is Qualitative Descriptive.
The research data are Mary Shelley Frankenstein novel by Mary Shelley and
a number of reference books. The Data Collection Technique was conducted by using
document review (reading, observing, and taking notes) based on the Philosophy of
Phenomenology. The Data Analysis Technique was conducted with the method of
Content Analysis, using the theory of Derrida’s Deconstruction, Archetypal
Approach, Post-structural Approach, and Hermeneutics Method to reveal the hidden
meaning contained in the text.
The results based on the analysis of Byronic Hero characterization, show that
the characters of Victor Frankenstein, Robert Walton and The Monster in Mary
Shelley Frankenstein novel by Mary Shelley manifest mental instability and excessive
inner conflicts. In addition, Byronic Hero is also regarded as the representation of
various problematics concerning the social, political, dan cultural contexts for which
have had occurred in the social life of 19th-century western societies (known as the
social constructions). Mary Shelley was intended to disclose the negativities of these
social constructions through plots which contains satirical dialogues and
monologues done by the characters of her novel. By understanding these social
constructions’ negativities, hence it is known that Mary Shelley Frankenstein by
Mary Shelley is trying to inspire her readers in performing a social reconstruction.
Moreover, by using a picture of terror and horror as the discourse of Gothic
Romance, Shelley was trying to make people aware of their social situation, as well
as providing public education, for which is emancipatory concerning the human life.
Keywords :
Archetypal, Byronic Hero, deconstruction, discourse, emancipatory,
Gothic Romance, public education, post-structuralism, representation, satirical, social construction, social realities, social reconstruction.
Universitas Sumatera Utara